International Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 2019
Due to the recent insights of the mushroom nutritional and medicinal advantages, interests in mus... more Due to the recent insights of the mushroom nutritional and medicinal advantages, interests in mushroom production and consumption have been increasing. The main aim of this paper is to report the effect of substrates' composed from different mix ratio of wheat straws, waste paper and cotton seed waste on growth, yield and yield related parameters of oyster (Pleurotus ostreatus) mushroom. The experiment was conducted from December 20017 to March 2018. There were five treatments (T1-T5) with two replications in randomized complete design. The quantitative data were collected and analyzed. The results of this experiments indicated that, the fastest mycelia run was recorded from T4 (19.5 days) for complete colonization and the slowest from T1 (28 days) for complete colonization. Fewer days from colonization to primordial formation was taken for treatment T3 and T4 (2.5 days), while more days taken for T5 (4 days. Larger cap diameter (11.19 cm) was recorded for the mushroom grown on T1. While smaller cap diameter 96.23) was recorded for the mushroom grown on T4, shortest stipe length was recorded from the mushroom on T5 while longest stipe length was recorded for T2, (4.11); highest number of fruits recorded for T3 (41.44) while lowest number of fruits recorded for T5 (22.07). Highest number of aborts recorded for T2 (18.78, while the lowest was recorded for T5 (10.37); Highest number of bunches recorded for T4, (4) while the lowest number of bunches recorded for T5 (1.38). Maximum number of fruits 41.44 (T3), highest biological efficiencies 191.745 (T5), were produced from the different substrate composed from wheat straw, waste paper supplemented with cotton seed waste. Treatments T3 and T4 of this experiment gave maximum total biomass and Biological efficiency so that it could be recommended for pilot or large scale production of oyster mushroom.
Vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (VAM) are symbiotic fungi which interact with the root sys... more Vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (VAM) are symbiotic fungi which interact with the root system of higher plants by producing external and internal hyphae, vesicules and arbuscules. This study aimed to determine the efficiency of different vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in improving plant resistance against Fusarium oxysporum. Four mycorrhizal products; Bacto_Prof, Endomyk_Basic, Endomyk_Conc and Endomyk_Prof were used. Glomus intraradices was the mycorrhizal fungus. All products reduced Fusarium infection by increasing the plant height and reducing the root infection. Bacto_Prof was the best product in the presence of Fusarium infection of tomato plants which showed an increase in plant height up to 44% and 154% in plant fresh root weight (FRW). Fusarium was reduced by 50% in Bacto_Prof treated tomato plants and mycorrhizal colonization was enhanced from 31% to 42% in Fusarium infected tomato seedlings. In pepper experiment; Endomyk_Basic was the best product in all treatments which enhanced mycorrhizal root colonization from 56% to 68%. Fusarium infection was suppressed in pepper treated plants with Endomyk. Basic from 2.45% to 1.5%. Mycorrhizal colonization with all products was enhanced by the presence of Fusarium more than in non-infected plants. In squash experiment Endomyk_Basic was the best product, but in root colonization Endomyk_Conc performed the best form 52% to 64%. From the results of this study, it was concluded that all mycorrhizal products were significantly inhibited Fusarium infection by enhanced and increased mycorrhizal root colonization, so enhanced plant growth and increased root volume.
The occurrence of the basidiomycete Amantia manginiana is reported for the first time in Jordan. ... more The occurrence of the basidiomycete Amantia manginiana is reported for the first time in Jordan. The large crumbly white wild mushroom was collected from woodland during December 2014 from Dabouq in Jordan. All morphological characteristics including cap, stem, gills, and spores were recorded. The mycelium was isolated by aseptically removing a small part of the fruiting body and transferring it onto the potato dextrose agar plate. After four days of incubation at 25-30 °C in the dark, a pure culture was obtained. Sequence analysis of a partial fragment of 28S nuclear large subunit (nLSU) in the ribosomal RNA gene of the isolated strains included the new strain within taxon Amanita manginiana with 95% similarity to Genebank accession No. KP161281 and 91% to Genebank accession No. AF024463.1 respectively. According to morphological characteristics and molecular sequence analysis, the mushroom was identified as Amanita manginiana and recorded for the first time in Jordan.
This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of treated wastewater on the development of Fusar... more This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of treated wastewater on the development of Fusarium wilt of tomato, productivity, plant growth, and heavy metal concentration. The open-field experiment was conducted in Abu-Nusair wastewater treatment plant, in addition to that, different soil, water and plants analysis were carried. The treatments included two types of irrigation water, potable water and treated wastewater, with and without inoculation of the fungus, using two cultivars of tomato. Different plant growth and quality parameters such as plant height, number of leaves and flowrs per plant, fruit weight, shoot dry weights, pH of tomato fruits, and total soluble solids for tomato plants were assessed to achieve the objectives of this study. Randomized complete Block Design (RCBD) with split-split plot arrangement was used. Our results showed that plant growth and quality parameters were with slightly significant difference from those irrigated with potable water, and the inoculated plants irrigated with treated wastewater were significantly longer, with heavier shoots and more leaves than inoculated plants irrigated with potable water for both tomato cultivars. Irrigation with treated waste water induced more fresh and dry shoots of both infected and non-diseased plants. Treated wastewater affects some chemical properties of the soil, while the accumulation of elements and heavy metals were the lowest in the fruits of the products, and below the standard limits. The analysis of tomato fruits showed that the concentrations of N, P, Na, CL, Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn and Cd were the highest in treated wastewater treatments, while few elements were higher in potable water than in treated wastewater treatments such as K, Mn, and Cu and the elements Pb, Ni and Cr were in equal concentrations for both potable and treated wastewater treatments. Analysis of potable and treated wastewater indicated that, the chemical compositions were within the limits of Jordan standards.
July ~987 .-. A thesis submitted J th~ l' Facu1~ of Graduare Studies and Re~earch in partial fulA... more July ~987 .-. A thesis submitted J th~ l' Facu1~ of Graduare Studies and Re~earch in partial fulA11ment pt the requirements for the degree of
Vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (VAM) are symbiotic fungi which interact with the root sys... more Vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (VAM) are symbiotic fungi which interact with the root system of higher plants by producing external and internal hyphae, vesicules and arbuscules. This study aimed to determine the efficiency of different vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in improving plant resistance against Fusarium oxysporum. Four mycorrhizal products; Bacto_Prof, Endomyk_Basic, Endomyk_Conc and Endomyk_Prof were used. Glomus intraradices was the mycorrhizal fungus. All products reduced Fusarium infection by increasing the plant height and reducing the root infection. Bacto_Prof was the best product in the presence of Fusarium infection of tomato plants which showed an increase in plant height up to 44% and 154% in plant fresh root weight (FRW). Fusarium was reduced by 50% in Bacto_Prof treated tomato plants and mycorrhizal colonization was enhanced from 31% to 42% in Fusarium infected tomato seedlings. In pepper experiment; Endomyk_Basic was the best product in all treatments which enhanced mycorrhizal root colonization from 56% to 68%. Fusarium infection was suppressed in pepper treated plants with Endomyk. Basic from 2.45% to 1.5%. Mycorrhizal colonization with all products was enhanced by the presence of Fusarium more than in non-infected plants. In squash experiment Endomyk_Basic was the best product, but in root colonization Endomyk_Conc performed the best form 52% to 64%. From the results of this study, it was concluded that all mycorrhizal products were significantly inhibited Fusarium infection by enhanced and increased mycorrhizal root colonization, so enhanced plant growth and increased root volume.
A survey of major barley-growing areas in Jordan was conducted to determine the prevalence and de... more A survey of major barley-growing areas in Jordan was conducted to determine the prevalence and degree of infestation of the Mediterranean cereal cyst nematode (MCCN) Heterodera latipons. The nematode was found in several locations in the northern and southern Mediterranean and the eastern desert areas of Jordan, but it was not detected in the northern Jordan valley and the southern desert areas. In those areas where the cyst nematode occurred, the incidence varied between areas from 30 to 100%. The degree of infestation varied from moderate to very severe. Infestation was most severe in the fields of the Northern Mediterranean area. The MCCN completed one life cycle per growing season. Studies on three isolates of the nematode from three areas, Ar-Ramtha, Madaba, and Al- Karak, revealed that the morphometrics varied little among these isolates. These three isolates as a whole varied in their virulence to two commonly used barley cultivars, Rum and Acsade 106, being more virulent on ...
Banana (Musa spp.) is an important commercial fruit tree widely cultivated in the Jordan Valley, ... more Banana (Musa spp.) is an important commercial fruit tree widely cultivated in the Jordan Valley, one of the main banana production areas in Jordan. Banana fruit rot caused by Fusarium verticilloides (teleomorph: Gibberella fujikuroi) is one of the most damaging postharvest diseases of banana (Van Hove et al. 2011Hirata et al., 2001). During the months of June and July of 2018 and 2019, dark brown spots of various sizes were observed on the epidermis of the Jordanian banana fruit harvested from plantations in the Jordan Valley. Occasionally spots coalesced yielding much larger lesions. The spots were brown to dark brown with lacunae at the center and typically surrounded by light brown halos. Larger spots had cracks inside which exposed the pulp. Whitish fungal colonies were also frequently observed on these spots. In the early stages of decay, virtually no damage was observed on the fruit pulp. Cut surfaces of crowns and pedicels sometimes were also blackened and often covered with ...
International Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 2019
Due to the recent insights of the mushroom nutritional and medicinal advantages, interests in mus... more Due to the recent insights of the mushroom nutritional and medicinal advantages, interests in mushroom production and consumption have been increasing. The main aim of this paper is to report the effect of substrates' composed from different mix ratio of wheat straws, waste paper and cotton seed waste on growth, yield and yield related parameters of oyster (Pleurotus ostreatus) mushroom. The experiment was conducted from December 20017 to March 2018. There were five treatments (T1-T5) with two replications in randomized complete design. The quantitative data were collected and analyzed. The results of this experiments indicated that, the fastest mycelia run was recorded from T4 (19.5 days) for complete colonization and the slowest from T1 (28 days) for complete colonization. Fewer days from colonization to primordial formation was taken for treatment T3 and T4 (2.5 days), while more days taken for T5 (4 days. Larger cap diameter (11.19 cm) was recorded for the mushroom grown on T1. While smaller cap diameter 96.23) was recorded for the mushroom grown on T4, shortest stipe length was recorded from the mushroom on T5 while longest stipe length was recorded for T2, (4.11); highest number of fruits recorded for T3 (41.44) while lowest number of fruits recorded for T5 (22.07). Highest number of aborts recorded for T2 (18.78, while the lowest was recorded for T5 (10.37); Highest number of bunches recorded for T4, (4) while the lowest number of bunches recorded for T5 (1.38). Maximum number of fruits 41.44 (T3), highest biological efficiencies 191.745 (T5), were produced from the different substrate composed from wheat straw, waste paper supplemented with cotton seed waste. Treatments T3 and T4 of this experiment gave maximum total biomass and Biological efficiency so that it could be recommended for pilot or large scale production of oyster mushroom.
Vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (VAM) are symbiotic fungi which interact with the root sys... more Vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (VAM) are symbiotic fungi which interact with the root system of higher plants by producing external and internal hyphae, vesicules and arbuscules. This study aimed to determine the efficiency of different vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in improving plant resistance against Fusarium oxysporum. Four mycorrhizal products; Bacto_Prof, Endomyk_Basic, Endomyk_Conc and Endomyk_Prof were used. Glomus intraradices was the mycorrhizal fungus. All products reduced Fusarium infection by increasing the plant height and reducing the root infection. Bacto_Prof was the best product in the presence of Fusarium infection of tomato plants which showed an increase in plant height up to 44% and 154% in plant fresh root weight (FRW). Fusarium was reduced by 50% in Bacto_Prof treated tomato plants and mycorrhizal colonization was enhanced from 31% to 42% in Fusarium infected tomato seedlings. In pepper experiment; Endomyk_Basic was the best product in all treatments which enhanced mycorrhizal root colonization from 56% to 68%. Fusarium infection was suppressed in pepper treated plants with Endomyk. Basic from 2.45% to 1.5%. Mycorrhizal colonization with all products was enhanced by the presence of Fusarium more than in non-infected plants. In squash experiment Endomyk_Basic was the best product, but in root colonization Endomyk_Conc performed the best form 52% to 64%. From the results of this study, it was concluded that all mycorrhizal products were significantly inhibited Fusarium infection by enhanced and increased mycorrhizal root colonization, so enhanced plant growth and increased root volume.
The occurrence of the basidiomycete Amantia manginiana is reported for the first time in Jordan. ... more The occurrence of the basidiomycete Amantia manginiana is reported for the first time in Jordan. The large crumbly white wild mushroom was collected from woodland during December 2014 from Dabouq in Jordan. All morphological characteristics including cap, stem, gills, and spores were recorded. The mycelium was isolated by aseptically removing a small part of the fruiting body and transferring it onto the potato dextrose agar plate. After four days of incubation at 25-30 °C in the dark, a pure culture was obtained. Sequence analysis of a partial fragment of 28S nuclear large subunit (nLSU) in the ribosomal RNA gene of the isolated strains included the new strain within taxon Amanita manginiana with 95% similarity to Genebank accession No. KP161281 and 91% to Genebank accession No. AF024463.1 respectively. According to morphological characteristics and molecular sequence analysis, the mushroom was identified as Amanita manginiana and recorded for the first time in Jordan.
This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of treated wastewater on the development of Fusar... more This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of treated wastewater on the development of Fusarium wilt of tomato, productivity, plant growth, and heavy metal concentration. The open-field experiment was conducted in Abu-Nusair wastewater treatment plant, in addition to that, different soil, water and plants analysis were carried. The treatments included two types of irrigation water, potable water and treated wastewater, with and without inoculation of the fungus, using two cultivars of tomato. Different plant growth and quality parameters such as plant height, number of leaves and flowrs per plant, fruit weight, shoot dry weights, pH of tomato fruits, and total soluble solids for tomato plants were assessed to achieve the objectives of this study. Randomized complete Block Design (RCBD) with split-split plot arrangement was used. Our results showed that plant growth and quality parameters were with slightly significant difference from those irrigated with potable water, and the inoculated plants irrigated with treated wastewater were significantly longer, with heavier shoots and more leaves than inoculated plants irrigated with potable water for both tomato cultivars. Irrigation with treated waste water induced more fresh and dry shoots of both infected and non-diseased plants. Treated wastewater affects some chemical properties of the soil, while the accumulation of elements and heavy metals were the lowest in the fruits of the products, and below the standard limits. The analysis of tomato fruits showed that the concentrations of N, P, Na, CL, Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn and Cd were the highest in treated wastewater treatments, while few elements were higher in potable water than in treated wastewater treatments such as K, Mn, and Cu and the elements Pb, Ni and Cr were in equal concentrations for both potable and treated wastewater treatments. Analysis of potable and treated wastewater indicated that, the chemical compositions were within the limits of Jordan standards.
July ~987 .-. A thesis submitted J th~ l' Facu1~ of Graduare Studies and Re~earch in partial fulA... more July ~987 .-. A thesis submitted J th~ l' Facu1~ of Graduare Studies and Re~earch in partial fulA11ment pt the requirements for the degree of
Vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (VAM) are symbiotic fungi which interact with the root sys... more Vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (VAM) are symbiotic fungi which interact with the root system of higher plants by producing external and internal hyphae, vesicules and arbuscules. This study aimed to determine the efficiency of different vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in improving plant resistance against Fusarium oxysporum. Four mycorrhizal products; Bacto_Prof, Endomyk_Basic, Endomyk_Conc and Endomyk_Prof were used. Glomus intraradices was the mycorrhizal fungus. All products reduced Fusarium infection by increasing the plant height and reducing the root infection. Bacto_Prof was the best product in the presence of Fusarium infection of tomato plants which showed an increase in plant height up to 44% and 154% in plant fresh root weight (FRW). Fusarium was reduced by 50% in Bacto_Prof treated tomato plants and mycorrhizal colonization was enhanced from 31% to 42% in Fusarium infected tomato seedlings. In pepper experiment; Endomyk_Basic was the best product in all treatments which enhanced mycorrhizal root colonization from 56% to 68%. Fusarium infection was suppressed in pepper treated plants with Endomyk. Basic from 2.45% to 1.5%. Mycorrhizal colonization with all products was enhanced by the presence of Fusarium more than in non-infected plants. In squash experiment Endomyk_Basic was the best product, but in root colonization Endomyk_Conc performed the best form 52% to 64%. From the results of this study, it was concluded that all mycorrhizal products were significantly inhibited Fusarium infection by enhanced and increased mycorrhizal root colonization, so enhanced plant growth and increased root volume.
A survey of major barley-growing areas in Jordan was conducted to determine the prevalence and de... more A survey of major barley-growing areas in Jordan was conducted to determine the prevalence and degree of infestation of the Mediterranean cereal cyst nematode (MCCN) Heterodera latipons. The nematode was found in several locations in the northern and southern Mediterranean and the eastern desert areas of Jordan, but it was not detected in the northern Jordan valley and the southern desert areas. In those areas where the cyst nematode occurred, the incidence varied between areas from 30 to 100%. The degree of infestation varied from moderate to very severe. Infestation was most severe in the fields of the Northern Mediterranean area. The MCCN completed one life cycle per growing season. Studies on three isolates of the nematode from three areas, Ar-Ramtha, Madaba, and Al- Karak, revealed that the morphometrics varied little among these isolates. These three isolates as a whole varied in their virulence to two commonly used barley cultivars, Rum and Acsade 106, being more virulent on ...
Banana (Musa spp.) is an important commercial fruit tree widely cultivated in the Jordan Valley, ... more Banana (Musa spp.) is an important commercial fruit tree widely cultivated in the Jordan Valley, one of the main banana production areas in Jordan. Banana fruit rot caused by Fusarium verticilloides (teleomorph: Gibberella fujikuroi) is one of the most damaging postharvest diseases of banana (Van Hove et al. 2011Hirata et al., 2001). During the months of June and July of 2018 and 2019, dark brown spots of various sizes were observed on the epidermis of the Jordanian banana fruit harvested from plantations in the Jordan Valley. Occasionally spots coalesced yielding much larger lesions. The spots were brown to dark brown with lacunae at the center and typically surrounded by light brown halos. Larger spots had cracks inside which exposed the pulp. Whitish fungal colonies were also frequently observed on these spots. In the early stages of decay, virtually no damage was observed on the fruit pulp. Cut surfaces of crowns and pedicels sometimes were also blackened and often covered with ...
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