Tourists are exposed to traditional health problems of the host country, such as trauma and the e... more Tourists are exposed to traditional health problems of the host country, such as trauma and the exacerbation of previously existing illnesses during their travels. The purpose of this study is to determine the clinical characteristics of tourist patients and any predictors of hospital admission. This retrospective observational study was carried out in the tertiary care hospital emergency department (ED) of a Mediterranean destination city, Antalya, Turkey. Hospital data from all tourist patients presenting or transferred to the ED between August 2003 and September 2004 were evaluated. Tourist patients were defined as all non-Turkish citizens. A total of 961 tourist patients was studied, of whom 295 (31%) were admitted and 666 (69%) were discharged. Fifteen patients died in the hospital, 49 critically ill patients were transferred back to their home country, and 153 patients underwent a surgical intervention. The most common discharge diagnoses were trauma (405, 42%), nonspecific symptoms (106, 11%), and circulatory disorders (108, 11%). Admitted tourist patients were significantly older than those discharged; however, there were no differences in sex among the groups. Applying a logistic regression model, age, tachycardia, mode of arrival, and triage category were all found to be significant predictors of admission, but only the initial Glasgow Coma Scale was found to be a significant predictor of mortality. In total, 347 patients were from European Union (EU) countries, and 614 were from non-EU countries. A significant difference was found between the EU and non-EU patient groups according to age, mortality, admission rate, exposure to trauma, ED length of stay, hospital length of stay. Tourist patients from EU countries were older, had higher mortality, lesser trauma exposure, longer ED, and hospital length of stay. EDs can be expected to manage tourist patients presenting for traumatic injuries and circulatory disorders. Clinical differences relating to patients' nationality might help in the development of targeted patient education and injury-prevention programs. Emergency physicians and the tourism industry should recognize the challenges of caring for this growing and aged patient population.
Any pregnancy in which the implantation occurs outside the uterine cavity is defined as ectopic p... more Any pregnancy in which the implantation occurs outside the uterine cavity is defined as ectopic pregnancy (EP). Approximately 2% of all pregnancies are diagnosed as ectopic pregnancy. Ruptured EP is the most life-threatening emergency in the first trimester of pregnancy. The objective of this study is to determine the incidence of unstable ectopic pregnancy with abnormal vital signs and to find out the risk factors. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study was conducted in a university emergency department with 50.000 annual visits per year. Patients diagnosed as ectopic pregnancy between 2002 and 2007 were determined from the computerized database (Mediacil ® software) of the hospital and enrolled to the study. The age of the patient, symptoms and vital signs at the presentation, ectopic pregnancy risk factors, the human chorionic gonodatrophin (hCG) levels and the treatment choice were recorded. Results: Sixty-three patients diagnosed as ectopic pregnancy during the study period. The mean age of patients was 29.9±5.3 (min 21-max 44). The prevalence of ectopic pregnancy in our patient population was 3.4%. Six (9.5%) of all the ectopic pregnancy patients, evaluated in the emergency department had unstable vital signs and 4 patients (6.3%) presented with syncope. 20.6% of all the patients in the study had high risk, 27% of them had moderate risk and 52.4% had low risk. History of previous ectopic pregnancy were the most seen risk factor among the high risk factors (n=12, 19%). C o n c l u s i o n: The most common emergency department symptoms of ectopic pregnancy are abdominal pain and vaginal bleeding. Especially the patients with previous ectopic pregnancy are risky for a recurrent ectopic pregnancy. All female patients in childbearing age disregarding the vital signs should be evaluated for an ectopic pregnancy.
In this study, we aimed to determine the value of blood ketone levels in diagnosing and classifyi... more In this study, we aimed to determine the value of blood ketone levels in diagnosing and classifying dehydration. Material and Methods: A total of 40 rats were included into the study. Rats were categorized into four groups according to their weight loss: control group (no weight loss), mild dehydration group (3-5% weight loss), moderate dehydration group (5-10% weight loss) and severe dehydration group (>10% weight loss). The blood samples taken from the rats were analyzed for capillary blood ketone levels, venous blood ketone levels and the other biochemical parameters. Results: There was no significant difference between four study groups according to the venous blood ketone levels and capillary ketone levels. Only Na levels were significantly different between study groups among all the metabolic parameters. (p=0.044). After categorizing the study groups as control and dehydration groups according to the weight loss, a borderline significance was established for Na (146±6 vs 151±2.5; difference: 4.2 mmol/L, %95 CI:-0.2 to 8.6, respectively; p=0.06) and capillary blood ketone (0.4 (IQR:0.3-0.5) vs 0.6 (IQR:0.4-0.7), respectively; p=0.097), while other parameters did not differ significantly. The capillary blood ketone had a sensitivity of 96.7% (95% CI: 82.8-99.9), specificity of 10% (95% CI: 0.3-44.5) for detecting dehydration. Conclusions: This study showed that there was no significant difference for the development of ketosis in dehydration. However, the borderline significance for the capillary ketone levels indicates the necessity of human studies.
Introduction: Burns can be very destructive, and severely endanger the health and lives of humans... more Introduction: Burns can be very destructive, and severely endanger the health and lives of humans. It maybe cause disability and even psychological trauma in individuals. . Such an event can also lead to economic burden on victim’s families and society. The aim of our study is to evaluate epidemiology and outcome of burn patients referring to emergency department. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study was conducted by evaluation of patients’ files and forensic reports of burned patients’ referred to the emergency department (ED) of Akdeniz hospital, Turkey, 2008. Demographic data, the season, place, reason, anatomical sites, total body surface area, degrees, proceeding treatment, and admission time were recorded. Multinomial logistic regression was used to compare frequencies’ differences among single categorized variables. Stepwise logistic regression was applied to develop a predictive model for hospitalization. P<0.05 was defined as a significant level. Results: Two hundred...
Traumatic asphyxia is a rare clinical syndrome characterised by cyanosis, oedema and petechial ha... more Traumatic asphyxia is a rare clinical syndrome characterised by cyanosis, oedema and petechial haemorrhage of the face, neck and upper chest due to the sudden, transient and severe thoraco-abdominal compression trauma. The huge increase in intra-thoracic pressure caused by the compression constitutes all the symptoms. Although mortality and morbidity due to traumatic asphyxia can happen, most of the patients survive without any sequel. Herein, we report three cases of traumatic asphyxia assessed in our emergency department. (Hong Kong j.emerg.med. 2014;21:185-188)
Ulusal travma ve acil cerrahi dergisi = Turkish journal of trauma & emergency surgery : TJTES, 2009
The purpose of this study was to identify water park injuries, particularly injuries related to w... more The purpose of this study was to identify water park injuries, particularly injuries related to waterslides. This prospective observational study was carried out between May 2005 and September 2006 in a university hospital emergency clinic, which has 50,000 annual visits. The study form, including patient demographics, types and mechanisms of injuries and the final diagnoses, was completed for all patients. A total of 73 patients were enrolled into the study. The mean age of the patients was 23.92+/-15.05 and 48 patients (65.8%) were male. The mechanisms of injury were as follows: 23 patients (31.5%) were injured on waterslides, 16 (21.9%) were injured in pools and 34 (46.6%) were injured by slipping and falling on the wet surfaces. After the emergency department evaluations, 15 patients (20.5%) were diagnosed to have spinal trauma, 16 (21.9%) head trauma, 15 (20.5%) maxillofacial trauma, and 30 (41%) other injuries. In water park injuries, while children have especially head and ma...
With rapid developments in computers and other electronic technologies, telecommunications have b... more With rapid developments in computers and other electronic technologies, telecommunications have become much easier. As a result, in the last 15 years, mobile phones have become a necessity in our lives. As almost everybody has a mobile phone, there has been increasing public interest in the potential health risks associated with their use. Since these devices have become an indispensable part of our lives, some new hazards directly or indirectly caused by mobile phones should be highlighted.
Turkish Journal of Trauma and Emergency Surgery, 2012
Yüzeysel korneal yabancı cisimler acil servise sık başvuran olgulardır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, acil... more Yüzeysel korneal yabancı cisimler acil servise sık başvuran olgulardır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, acil servise yabancı cisimlerle oluşan göz travmasıyla başvuran olguları tanımlamak ve göz travmasının önlenmesi ve acil servis yönetim stratejilerini tartışmaktır. GEREÇ VE YÖNTEM Çalışma geçmiş iki yılın kayıtları incelenerek geriye dönük olarak yapıldı. Demografik bilgiler, yaralanma zamanı, yaralanma tipi (açık veya kapalı glob yaralanması), yabancı cismin ne olduğu, hastane yatış ve oftalmoloji konsültasyonu varlığı, uygulanan tedaviler ve geç dönemde görülen kalıcı hasarlar kaydedildi. BULGULAR Toplam 476 hasta çalışmaya alındı, hastaların %83'ü erkekti, ortalama yaş 34,16±14,02 idi. Yaralanmaların %9,7'si açık glob yaralanması iken, kalanlar yüzeysel yabancı cisim bulunan veya bulunmayan kapalı yaralanmalardı. En sık görülen yabancı cisimler metal çapakları (%37,6) ve toz (%31,1) olarak saptandı. Hastaların çoğunda (%72,1) iş yerinde yaralanma söz konusuydu. Hastaların %42,4'ü oftalmoloji ile konsülte edilirken, diğer hastalar acil tıp asistan ve uzmanları tarafından tedavi edildi. Hastaların %10'u hastaneye yatırıldı ve %2,3'ünde uzun dönemde komplikasyon görüldü. SONUÇ Göz yabancı cisim travmaları en çok genç sağlıklı erkeklerin, iş nedenli yaralanmaları olarak oluşmaktadır. Çok sayıda göz travması acil servislerde görüldüğü için, acil servis hekimleri yüzeysel korneal yabancı cisimlerin tanınması, tedavisi ve yönetimi konusunda eğitilmelidir.
Objectives: Acute renal colic is the clinical term for the symptoms produced by urinary tract cal... more Objectives: Acute renal colic is the clinical term for the symptoms produced by urinary tract calculi as they migrate from the kidney. Many researchers investigated the seasonal effects as a risk factor in urinary calculi formation. However, the results of these studies vary. The aim of this study is to determine whether renal colic visits to our emergency department, stated in a warm region of Turkey, exhibit seasonal patterns.
Page 1. Akdeniz Üniversitesi Hastanesinin Acil Servis Hizmetleri Konusundaki Memnuniyet Değerlend... more Page 1. Akdeniz Üniversitesi Hastanesinin Acil Servis Hizmetleri Konusundaki Memnuniyet Değerlendirme Formlarının İncelenmesi Analysis of the patient satisfaction forms about Emergency Department services at Akdeniz University Hospital ...
Page 1. Akdeniz Üniversitesi Hastanesinin Acil Servis Hizmetleri Konusundaki Memnuniyet Değerlend... more Page 1. Akdeniz Üniversitesi Hastanesinin Acil Servis Hizmetleri Konusundaki Memnuniyet Değerlendirme Formlarının İncelenmesi Analysis of the patient satisfaction forms about Emergency Department services at Akdeniz University Hospital ...
Background/aim: For identifying hemorrhagic shock in trauma patients, some objective data are nee... more Background/aim: For identifying hemorrhagic shock in trauma patients, some objective data are needed. The use of base excess (BE) and lactate values have been originated. In this study, it was aimed to determine the usability of end tidal carbon dioxide (ETCO₂) in patients with multiple trauma for recognizing hemorrhagic shock. Materials and methods: Patients who were admitted to the emergency department between June 2019 and February 2020 with highenergy multiple trauma were included in the study. ETCO₂ and BE values were measured. Correlation coefficients were calculated to determine correlations between ETCO₂ and BE levels. Results: One hundred and twenty-two patients were included in the study. Eighty-nine (73%) were men and 33 (27%) were women, and the mean age of the study population was 38.70 ± 19.18. The mortality rate was 14.8% in the study population. The correlation between ETCO₂ and BE values was significant (r: 0.27) and in the same range in the Bland-Altmann analysis. ETCO₂ levels above 35 were specific for stage 1 hemorrhagic shock. ETCO2 levels below 30 were sensitive for stage 2 and 3 hemorrhagic shocks and when the levels were measured below 22 it was found specific for stage 4 shock. The specificity increased to 99% at levels below 18. The sensitivity for ETCO₂ values below 22 for predicting mortality was 33.33%, the specificity was 89.42%, the positive predictive value was 35.29% and the negative predictive value was 88.57%. The sensitivity for BE values below-10 for predicting mortality was 50%, the specificity was 93.27%, the positive predictive value was 56.25% and the negative predictive value was 91.51%. Conclusion: ETCO₂ measurement can be a useful parameter as a noninvasive and simple technique in predicting and classifying hemorrhagic shock, which is the leading cause of mortality in trauma patients. Mortality rates increased when ETCO₂ was measured below 22 and these patients are more likely to be in the critical hemorrhagic shock state.
Tourists are exposed to traditional health problems of the host country, such as trauma and the e... more Tourists are exposed to traditional health problems of the host country, such as trauma and the exacerbation of previously existing illnesses during their travels. The purpose of this study is to determine the clinical characteristics of tourist patients and any predictors of hospital admission. This retrospective observational study was carried out in the tertiary care hospital emergency department (ED) of a Mediterranean destination city, Antalya, Turkey. Hospital data from all tourist patients presenting or transferred to the ED between August 2003 and September 2004 were evaluated. Tourist patients were defined as all non-Turkish citizens. A total of 961 tourist patients was studied, of whom 295 (31%) were admitted and 666 (69%) were discharged. Fifteen patients died in the hospital, 49 critically ill patients were transferred back to their home country, and 153 patients underwent a surgical intervention. The most common discharge diagnoses were trauma (405, 42%), nonspecific symptoms (106, 11%), and circulatory disorders (108, 11%). Admitted tourist patients were significantly older than those discharged; however, there were no differences in sex among the groups. Applying a logistic regression model, age, tachycardia, mode of arrival, and triage category were all found to be significant predictors of admission, but only the initial Glasgow Coma Scale was found to be a significant predictor of mortality. In total, 347 patients were from European Union (EU) countries, and 614 were from non-EU countries. A significant difference was found between the EU and non-EU patient groups according to age, mortality, admission rate, exposure to trauma, ED length of stay, hospital length of stay. Tourist patients from EU countries were older, had higher mortality, lesser trauma exposure, longer ED, and hospital length of stay. EDs can be expected to manage tourist patients presenting for traumatic injuries and circulatory disorders. Clinical differences relating to patients&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39; nationality might help in the development of targeted patient education and injury-prevention programs. Emergency physicians and the tourism industry should recognize the challenges of caring for this growing and aged patient population.
Any pregnancy in which the implantation occurs outside the uterine cavity is defined as ectopic p... more Any pregnancy in which the implantation occurs outside the uterine cavity is defined as ectopic pregnancy (EP). Approximately 2% of all pregnancies are diagnosed as ectopic pregnancy. Ruptured EP is the most life-threatening emergency in the first trimester of pregnancy. The objective of this study is to determine the incidence of unstable ectopic pregnancy with abnormal vital signs and to find out the risk factors. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study was conducted in a university emergency department with 50.000 annual visits per year. Patients diagnosed as ectopic pregnancy between 2002 and 2007 were determined from the computerized database (Mediacil ® software) of the hospital and enrolled to the study. The age of the patient, symptoms and vital signs at the presentation, ectopic pregnancy risk factors, the human chorionic gonodatrophin (hCG) levels and the treatment choice were recorded. Results: Sixty-three patients diagnosed as ectopic pregnancy during the study period. The mean age of patients was 29.9±5.3 (min 21-max 44). The prevalence of ectopic pregnancy in our patient population was 3.4%. Six (9.5%) of all the ectopic pregnancy patients, evaluated in the emergency department had unstable vital signs and 4 patients (6.3%) presented with syncope. 20.6% of all the patients in the study had high risk, 27% of them had moderate risk and 52.4% had low risk. History of previous ectopic pregnancy were the most seen risk factor among the high risk factors (n=12, 19%). C o n c l u s i o n: The most common emergency department symptoms of ectopic pregnancy are abdominal pain and vaginal bleeding. Especially the patients with previous ectopic pregnancy are risky for a recurrent ectopic pregnancy. All female patients in childbearing age disregarding the vital signs should be evaluated for an ectopic pregnancy.
In this study, we aimed to determine the value of blood ketone levels in diagnosing and classifyi... more In this study, we aimed to determine the value of blood ketone levels in diagnosing and classifying dehydration. Material and Methods: A total of 40 rats were included into the study. Rats were categorized into four groups according to their weight loss: control group (no weight loss), mild dehydration group (3-5% weight loss), moderate dehydration group (5-10% weight loss) and severe dehydration group (>10% weight loss). The blood samples taken from the rats were analyzed for capillary blood ketone levels, venous blood ketone levels and the other biochemical parameters. Results: There was no significant difference between four study groups according to the venous blood ketone levels and capillary ketone levels. Only Na levels were significantly different between study groups among all the metabolic parameters. (p=0.044). After categorizing the study groups as control and dehydration groups according to the weight loss, a borderline significance was established for Na (146±6 vs 151±2.5; difference: 4.2 mmol/L, %95 CI:-0.2 to 8.6, respectively; p=0.06) and capillary blood ketone (0.4 (IQR:0.3-0.5) vs 0.6 (IQR:0.4-0.7), respectively; p=0.097), while other parameters did not differ significantly. The capillary blood ketone had a sensitivity of 96.7% (95% CI: 82.8-99.9), specificity of 10% (95% CI: 0.3-44.5) for detecting dehydration. Conclusions: This study showed that there was no significant difference for the development of ketosis in dehydration. However, the borderline significance for the capillary ketone levels indicates the necessity of human studies.
Introduction: Burns can be very destructive, and severely endanger the health and lives of humans... more Introduction: Burns can be very destructive, and severely endanger the health and lives of humans. It maybe cause disability and even psychological trauma in individuals. . Such an event can also lead to economic burden on victim’s families and society. The aim of our study is to evaluate epidemiology and outcome of burn patients referring to emergency department. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study was conducted by evaluation of patients’ files and forensic reports of burned patients’ referred to the emergency department (ED) of Akdeniz hospital, Turkey, 2008. Demographic data, the season, place, reason, anatomical sites, total body surface area, degrees, proceeding treatment, and admission time were recorded. Multinomial logistic regression was used to compare frequencies’ differences among single categorized variables. Stepwise logistic regression was applied to develop a predictive model for hospitalization. P<0.05 was defined as a significant level. Results: Two hundred...
Traumatic asphyxia is a rare clinical syndrome characterised by cyanosis, oedema and petechial ha... more Traumatic asphyxia is a rare clinical syndrome characterised by cyanosis, oedema and petechial haemorrhage of the face, neck and upper chest due to the sudden, transient and severe thoraco-abdominal compression trauma. The huge increase in intra-thoracic pressure caused by the compression constitutes all the symptoms. Although mortality and morbidity due to traumatic asphyxia can happen, most of the patients survive without any sequel. Herein, we report three cases of traumatic asphyxia assessed in our emergency department. (Hong Kong j.emerg.med. 2014;21:185-188)
Ulusal travma ve acil cerrahi dergisi = Turkish journal of trauma & emergency surgery : TJTES, 2009
The purpose of this study was to identify water park injuries, particularly injuries related to w... more The purpose of this study was to identify water park injuries, particularly injuries related to waterslides. This prospective observational study was carried out between May 2005 and September 2006 in a university hospital emergency clinic, which has 50,000 annual visits. The study form, including patient demographics, types and mechanisms of injuries and the final diagnoses, was completed for all patients. A total of 73 patients were enrolled into the study. The mean age of the patients was 23.92+/-15.05 and 48 patients (65.8%) were male. The mechanisms of injury were as follows: 23 patients (31.5%) were injured on waterslides, 16 (21.9%) were injured in pools and 34 (46.6%) were injured by slipping and falling on the wet surfaces. After the emergency department evaluations, 15 patients (20.5%) were diagnosed to have spinal trauma, 16 (21.9%) head trauma, 15 (20.5%) maxillofacial trauma, and 30 (41%) other injuries. In water park injuries, while children have especially head and ma...
With rapid developments in computers and other electronic technologies, telecommunications have b... more With rapid developments in computers and other electronic technologies, telecommunications have become much easier. As a result, in the last 15 years, mobile phones have become a necessity in our lives. As almost everybody has a mobile phone, there has been increasing public interest in the potential health risks associated with their use. Since these devices have become an indispensable part of our lives, some new hazards directly or indirectly caused by mobile phones should be highlighted.
Turkish Journal of Trauma and Emergency Surgery, 2012
Yüzeysel korneal yabancı cisimler acil servise sık başvuran olgulardır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, acil... more Yüzeysel korneal yabancı cisimler acil servise sık başvuran olgulardır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, acil servise yabancı cisimlerle oluşan göz travmasıyla başvuran olguları tanımlamak ve göz travmasının önlenmesi ve acil servis yönetim stratejilerini tartışmaktır. GEREÇ VE YÖNTEM Çalışma geçmiş iki yılın kayıtları incelenerek geriye dönük olarak yapıldı. Demografik bilgiler, yaralanma zamanı, yaralanma tipi (açık veya kapalı glob yaralanması), yabancı cismin ne olduğu, hastane yatış ve oftalmoloji konsültasyonu varlığı, uygulanan tedaviler ve geç dönemde görülen kalıcı hasarlar kaydedildi. BULGULAR Toplam 476 hasta çalışmaya alındı, hastaların %83'ü erkekti, ortalama yaş 34,16±14,02 idi. Yaralanmaların %9,7'si açık glob yaralanması iken, kalanlar yüzeysel yabancı cisim bulunan veya bulunmayan kapalı yaralanmalardı. En sık görülen yabancı cisimler metal çapakları (%37,6) ve toz (%31,1) olarak saptandı. Hastaların çoğunda (%72,1) iş yerinde yaralanma söz konusuydu. Hastaların %42,4'ü oftalmoloji ile konsülte edilirken, diğer hastalar acil tıp asistan ve uzmanları tarafından tedavi edildi. Hastaların %10'u hastaneye yatırıldı ve %2,3'ünde uzun dönemde komplikasyon görüldü. SONUÇ Göz yabancı cisim travmaları en çok genç sağlıklı erkeklerin, iş nedenli yaralanmaları olarak oluşmaktadır. Çok sayıda göz travması acil servislerde görüldüğü için, acil servis hekimleri yüzeysel korneal yabancı cisimlerin tanınması, tedavisi ve yönetimi konusunda eğitilmelidir.
Objectives: Acute renal colic is the clinical term for the symptoms produced by urinary tract cal... more Objectives: Acute renal colic is the clinical term for the symptoms produced by urinary tract calculi as they migrate from the kidney. Many researchers investigated the seasonal effects as a risk factor in urinary calculi formation. However, the results of these studies vary. The aim of this study is to determine whether renal colic visits to our emergency department, stated in a warm region of Turkey, exhibit seasonal patterns.
Page 1. Akdeniz Üniversitesi Hastanesinin Acil Servis Hizmetleri Konusundaki Memnuniyet Değerlend... more Page 1. Akdeniz Üniversitesi Hastanesinin Acil Servis Hizmetleri Konusundaki Memnuniyet Değerlendirme Formlarının İncelenmesi Analysis of the patient satisfaction forms about Emergency Department services at Akdeniz University Hospital ...
Page 1. Akdeniz Üniversitesi Hastanesinin Acil Servis Hizmetleri Konusundaki Memnuniyet Değerlend... more Page 1. Akdeniz Üniversitesi Hastanesinin Acil Servis Hizmetleri Konusundaki Memnuniyet Değerlendirme Formlarının İncelenmesi Analysis of the patient satisfaction forms about Emergency Department services at Akdeniz University Hospital ...
Background/aim: For identifying hemorrhagic shock in trauma patients, some objective data are nee... more Background/aim: For identifying hemorrhagic shock in trauma patients, some objective data are needed. The use of base excess (BE) and lactate values have been originated. In this study, it was aimed to determine the usability of end tidal carbon dioxide (ETCO₂) in patients with multiple trauma for recognizing hemorrhagic shock. Materials and methods: Patients who were admitted to the emergency department between June 2019 and February 2020 with highenergy multiple trauma were included in the study. ETCO₂ and BE values were measured. Correlation coefficients were calculated to determine correlations between ETCO₂ and BE levels. Results: One hundred and twenty-two patients were included in the study. Eighty-nine (73%) were men and 33 (27%) were women, and the mean age of the study population was 38.70 ± 19.18. The mortality rate was 14.8% in the study population. The correlation between ETCO₂ and BE values was significant (r: 0.27) and in the same range in the Bland-Altmann analysis. ETCO₂ levels above 35 were specific for stage 1 hemorrhagic shock. ETCO2 levels below 30 were sensitive for stage 2 and 3 hemorrhagic shocks and when the levels were measured below 22 it was found specific for stage 4 shock. The specificity increased to 99% at levels below 18. The sensitivity for ETCO₂ values below 22 for predicting mortality was 33.33%, the specificity was 89.42%, the positive predictive value was 35.29% and the negative predictive value was 88.57%. The sensitivity for BE values below-10 for predicting mortality was 50%, the specificity was 93.27%, the positive predictive value was 56.25% and the negative predictive value was 91.51%. Conclusion: ETCO₂ measurement can be a useful parameter as a noninvasive and simple technique in predicting and classifying hemorrhagic shock, which is the leading cause of mortality in trauma patients. Mortality rates increased when ETCO₂ was measured below 22 and these patients are more likely to be in the critical hemorrhagic shock state.
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