of land management systems as related to agricultural production practices, and to assist governm... more of land management systems as related to agricultural production practices, and to assist government agencies Diversity of soil series present in a region may hinder identification in formulating and evaluating sustainable agricultural of soil quality factors and indicators at a regional scale. Our objectives and land use policies (Doran and Parkin, 1996). Howwere (i) to identify soil quality factors for a diverse population of soils at the regional scale, (ii) to determine which factors vary signifi-ever, soil quality cannot be measured directly, but must cantly with land use, (iii) to select indicators from these factors that be inferred from soil quality indicators. Soil quality indican be used with the National Resource Inventory (NRI) for monitorcators are measurable soil attributes that influence the ing soil quality, and (iv) to compare these results to a similar study capacity of soil to perform crop production or environinvolving only a single soil series. One hundred eighty-six points repremental functions and are sensitive to change in land use, senting 75 soil series in the Northern Mississippi Valley Loess Hills management, or conservation practices. However, many and 149 points representing 58 soil series in Palouse and Nez Perce soil attributes are highly correlated (Larson and Pierce, Prairies were sampled from a statistically representative subset of 1991; Seybold et al., 1997). Correlated soil attributes do NRI sample points and analyzed for 20 soil attributes. Factor analysis not change independently to changes in management, was used to identify soil quality factors and discriminant analysis was but respond as a group, integrating many complex interused to identify factors and indicators most sensitive to land use within actions among biological, chemical, and physical soil each region. In the Northern Mississippi Valley Loess Hills, five soil quality factors were identified. Discriminant analysis selected poten-processes. Single attribute indicators do not reflect intially mineralizable N (PMN), microbial biomass C (MBC), water teracting changes in soil quality that may occur with stable aggregates (WSA), and total organic C (TOC) as the most changes in management because of correlation among discriminating attributes between land uses. In the Palouse and Nez soil attributes. A more accurate assessment of soil qual-Perce Prairies, six factors were identified. Discriminant analysis seity may be achieved by evaluating several soil attributes lected TOC and total N as the most discriminating attributes between simultaneously using statistical procedures that account land uses. The soil quality factors were similar among three of the for correlation among soil attributes. four regions, but TOC was the only indicator common to all regions Multivariate statistical analyses, such as factor analyfor distinguishing among land uses.
This study was conducted in order to evaluate the symbiotic effectiveness of native Rhizobium iso... more This study was conducted in order to evaluate the symbiotic effectiveness of native Rhizobium isolated strains on number of nodule, weight, and morphological properties of dry bean. To realize this purpose, fresh and healthy root nodules were collected from major dry bean-growing districts of Konya, Turkey. These nodules were used to determine the effects of native Rhizobium isolated strains in the experiments. The first experiment was conducted to the determination of the most effective native isolated strains, by using Leonard bottles. Six (1, 3, 5, 23, 69 and 85) isolated strains of 94 native Rhizobium bacteria were found the most effective as compared with reference strain Rhizobium tropici CIAT899. The second experiment was conducted as pot experiment and arranged in a complete randomized block design with three replicates per bacteria. The subjects of the treatment subjects are control, nitrogen control, native isolated strain 1, native isolated strain 3, native isolated strain 5, native isolated strain 23, native isolated strain 69, native isolated strain 85, reference strain (R. tropici CIAT899) and mix strain. It has been shown that the used strains were significantly (P<0.05) increased nodulation and other morphological parameters. Significant differences existed in the symbiotic potential of the investigated strains. These results indicate that effective strains which were isolated from dry bean roots had potential for use as inoculants on beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). However, Rhizobium strains should be genetically identified before they are being subjected to recommend as commercial inoculations.
Research was conducted to determine the effect of salinity on Rhizobium and growth of dry bean. A... more Research was conducted to determine the effect of salinity on Rhizobium and growth of dry bean. A commercial cultivar (Akman 98) of dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) was inoculated with Rhizobium tropici strain CIAT899 and native Rhizobium in solution culture with different salt concentrations (control, 5, 10, 20 and 40 mmol À1) added before inoculation. The results indicated that population of R. tropici strain CIAT899 and natural Rhizobium were decreased with salinity levels. However, the population count train CIAT899 was inversely proportional to salt concentration with high growth (8.0e9.0 Â 10 5 cfu ml À1) at lower concentrations of control e 5 mmol À1 and low growth (4.0e6.0 Â 10 5 cfu ml À1) at higher salt concentrations of 20 mmol À1. The plant root and shoot dry weight, chlorophyll content, plant height, root length, total nitrogen, symbiotic efficient and efficient rate were affected by salt stress in tested plant and both inoculations. Total nitrogen content decreased significantly at the highest level of salinity. It is important to decrease the soil salinity and to improve the yield of dry bean (P. vulgaris L.) as well as the Rhizobium sp. associated with it.
of land management systems as related to agricultural production practices, and to assist governm... more of land management systems as related to agricultural production practices, and to assist government agencies Diversity of soil series present in a region may hinder identification in formulating and evaluating sustainable agricultural of soil quality factors and indicators at a regional scale. Our objectives and land use policies (Doran and Parkin, 1996). Howwere (i) to identify soil quality factors for a diverse population of soils at the regional scale, (ii) to determine which factors vary signifi-ever, soil quality cannot be measured directly, but must cantly with land use, (iii) to select indicators from these factors that be inferred from soil quality indicators. Soil quality indican be used with the National Resource Inventory (NRI) for monitorcators are measurable soil attributes that influence the ing soil quality, and (iv) to compare these results to a similar study capacity of soil to perform crop production or environinvolving only a single soil series. One hundred eighty-six points repremental functions and are sensitive to change in land use, senting 75 soil series in the Northern Mississippi Valley Loess Hills management, or conservation practices. However, many and 149 points representing 58 soil series in Palouse and Nez Perce soil attributes are highly correlated (Larson and Pierce, Prairies were sampled from a statistically representative subset of 1991; Seybold et al., 1997). Correlated soil attributes do NRI sample points and analyzed for 20 soil attributes. Factor analysis not change independently to changes in management, was used to identify soil quality factors and discriminant analysis was but respond as a group, integrating many complex interused to identify factors and indicators most sensitive to land use within actions among biological, chemical, and physical soil each region. In the Northern Mississippi Valley Loess Hills, five soil quality factors were identified. Discriminant analysis selected poten-processes. Single attribute indicators do not reflect intially mineralizable N (PMN), microbial biomass C (MBC), water teracting changes in soil quality that may occur with stable aggregates (WSA), and total organic C (TOC) as the most changes in management because of correlation among discriminating attributes between land uses. In the Palouse and Nez soil attributes. A more accurate assessment of soil qual-Perce Prairies, six factors were identified. Discriminant analysis seity may be achieved by evaluating several soil attributes lected TOC and total N as the most discriminating attributes between simultaneously using statistical procedures that account land uses. The soil quality factors were similar among three of the for correlation among soil attributes. four regions, but TOC was the only indicator common to all regions Multivariate statistical analyses, such as factor analyfor distinguishing among land uses.
This study was conducted in order to evaluate the symbiotic effectiveness of native Rhizobium iso... more This study was conducted in order to evaluate the symbiotic effectiveness of native Rhizobium isolated strains on number of nodule, weight, and morphological properties of dry bean. To realize this purpose, fresh and healthy root nodules were collected from major dry bean-growing districts of Konya, Turkey. These nodules were used to determine the effects of native Rhizobium isolated strains in the experiments. The first experiment was conducted to the determination of the most effective native isolated strains, by using Leonard bottles. Six (1, 3, 5, 23, 69 and 85) isolated strains of 94 native Rhizobium bacteria were found the most effective as compared with reference strain Rhizobium tropici CIAT899. The second experiment was conducted as pot experiment and arranged in a complete randomized block design with three replicates per bacteria. The subjects of the treatment subjects are control, nitrogen control, native isolated strain 1, native isolated strain 3, native isolated strain 5, native isolated strain 23, native isolated strain 69, native isolated strain 85, reference strain (R. tropici CIAT899) and mix strain. It has been shown that the used strains were significantly (P<0.05) increased nodulation and other morphological parameters. Significant differences existed in the symbiotic potential of the investigated strains. These results indicate that effective strains which were isolated from dry bean roots had potential for use as inoculants on beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). However, Rhizobium strains should be genetically identified before they are being subjected to recommend as commercial inoculations.
Research was conducted to determine the effect of salinity on Rhizobium and growth of dry bean. A... more Research was conducted to determine the effect of salinity on Rhizobium and growth of dry bean. A commercial cultivar (Akman 98) of dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) was inoculated with Rhizobium tropici strain CIAT899 and native Rhizobium in solution culture with different salt concentrations (control, 5, 10, 20 and 40 mmol À1) added before inoculation. The results indicated that population of R. tropici strain CIAT899 and natural Rhizobium were decreased with salinity levels. However, the population count train CIAT899 was inversely proportional to salt concentration with high growth (8.0e9.0 Â 10 5 cfu ml À1) at lower concentrations of control e 5 mmol À1 and low growth (4.0e6.0 Â 10 5 cfu ml À1) at higher salt concentrations of 20 mmol À1. The plant root and shoot dry weight, chlorophyll content, plant height, root length, total nitrogen, symbiotic efficient and efficient rate were affected by salt stress in tested plant and both inoculations. Total nitrogen content decreased significantly at the highest level of salinity. It is important to decrease the soil salinity and to improve the yield of dry bean (P. vulgaris L.) as well as the Rhizobium sp. associated with it.
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