Ular-derik besar
(Dialihkan dari Crotalus)
| Ular-derik besar
| |
|---|---|
Crotalus  | |
| Penyakit | rattlesnake bite (en)  |
| Taksonomi | |
| Galat Lua: callParserFunction: function "Template" was not found. | |
| Genus | Crotalus Linnaeus, 1758 |
| Tata nama | |
| Sinonim takson |
|
Ular-derik besar atau ular-derik sejati adalah kelompok ular derik yang hanya bisa ditemukan di Amerika tersebar luas mulai dari Kanada bagian selatan lalu ke selatan hingga Brasil bagian utara dengan populasi terisolasi di Argentina bagian utara.[2]
Deskripsi
[sunting | sunting sumber]Semua jenis dari marga ini, sesuai dengan namanya, memiliki segmen derik di ekornya yang bisa menghasilkan suara bila digetarkan atau digoyangkan. Namun, ular ini hanya akan menggetarkan ekornya jika merasa terganggu.[3]
Jumlah ruas derik
[sunting | sunting sumber]Ular derik besar yang baru lahir hanya memiliki satu ruas derik. Ruas tersebut akan bertambah satu setiap ular ini berganti kulit hingga mencapai dewasa. Biasanya ular dewasa memiliki 8 sampai 14 ruas. Namun pernah ditemukan spesimen yang memiliki derik berjumlah hampir 30 ruas.[4][5]
Spesies
[sunting | sunting sumber]- Crotalus adamanteus PALISOT DE BEAUVOIS, 1799 - Ular-derik punggung-permata timur
- Crotalus angelensis KLAUBER, 1963
- Crotalus aquilus KLAUBER, 1952
- Crotalus armstrongi CAMPBELL, 1979
- Crotalus atrox BAIRD & GIRARD, 1853 - Ular-derik punggung-permata barat
- Crotalus basiliscus (COPE, 1864)
- Crotalus campbelli BRYSON JR, LINKEM, DORCAS, LATHROP, JONES, ALVARADO-DÍAZ,, GRÜNWALD & MURPHY, 2014
- Crotalus catalinensis CLIFF, 1954
- Crotalus cerastes HALLOWELL, 1854
- Crotalus cerberus (COUES, 1875)
- Crotalus culminatus KLAUBER, 1952
- Crotalus durissus LINNAEUS, 1758 - Cascabel
- Crotalus enyo (COPE, 1861)
- Crotalus ericsmithi CAMPBELL & FLORES-VILLELA, 2008
- Crotalus estebanensis KLAUBER, 1949
- Crotalus horridus LINNAEUS, 1758 - Ular-derik kayu
- Crotalus intermedius TROSCHEL, 1865
- Crotalus lannomi TANNER, 1966
- Crotalus lepidus (KENNICOTT, 1861)
- Crotalus lorenzoensis RADCLIFF & MASLIN, 1975
- Crotalus mitchellii (COPE, 1861)
- Crotalus molossus BAIRD & GIRARD, 1853
- Crotalus morulus KLAUBER, 1952
- Crotalus oreganus HOLBROOK, 1840 - Ular-derik Pasifik
- Crotalus ornatus HALLOWELL, 1854
- Crotalus polisi MEIK, SCHAACK, FLORES-VILLELA & STREICHER, 2018
- Crotalus polystictus (COPE, 1865)
- Crotalus pricei VAN DENBURGH, 1895
- Crotalus pusillus KLAUBER, 1952
- Crotalus pyrrhus (COPE, 1866)
- Crotalus ravus COPE, 1865
- Crotalus ruber COPE, 1892 - Ular-derik punggung-permata merah
- Crotalus scutulatus (KENNICOTT, 1861)
- Crotalus simus LATREILLE, 1801
- Crotalus stejnegeri DUNN, 1919
- Crotalus stephensi KLAUBER, 1930
- Crotalus tancitarensis ALVARADO-DÍAZ & CAMPBELL, 2004
- Crotalus thalassoporus MEIK, SCHAACK, FLORES-VILLELA & STREICHER, 2018
- Crotalus tigris KENNICOTT, 1859 - Ular-derik harimau
- Crotalus tlaloci BRYSON, LINKEM, DORCAS, LATHROP, JONES, ALVARADO-DÍAZ, GRÜNWALD & MURPHY, 2014
- Crotalus totonacus GLOYD & KAUFFELD, 1940
- Crotalus transversus TAYLOR, 1944
- Crotalus triseriatus (WAGLER, 1830)
- Crotalus tzabcan KLAUBER, 1952 - Tzabcan
- Crotalus unicolor VAN LIDTH DE JEUDE, 1887
- Crotalus vegrandis KLAUBER, 1941
- Crotalus viridis (RAFINESQUE, 1818)
- Crotalus willardi MEEK, 1905
Referensi
[sunting | sunting sumber]- ^ McDiarmid RW, Campbell JA, Touré T. 1999. Snake Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, vol. 1. Herpetologists' League. 511 pp. ISBN 1-893777-00-6 (series). ISBN 1-893777-01-4 (volume).
- ^ Campbell JA, Lamar WW. 2004. The Venomous Reptiles of the Western Hemisphere. Comstock Publishing Associates, Ithaca and London. 870 pp. 1500 plates. ISBN 0-8014-4141-2.
- ^ Fergus, Charles (2003). Wildlife of Virginia and Maryland and Washington, Part 3. Stackpole Books. hlm. 460. ISBN 978-0-8117-2821-8.
- ^ Parker HW, Grandison AGC. 1977. Snakes -- a natural history. Second Edition. British Museum (Natural History) and Cornell University Press. 108 pp. 16 plates. LCCCN 76-54625. ISBN 0-8014-1095-9 (cloth), ISBN 0-8014-9164-9 (paper).
- ^ Stidworthy J. 1974. Snakes of the World. Grosset & Dunlap Inc. 160 pp. ISBN 0-448-11856-4.
- Cope ED. 1867. On the Reptilia and Batrachia of the Sonoran province of the Nearctic region. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Science of Philadelphia 18: 300-314[310].
- Cope ED. 1883. Notes on the geographical distribution of batrachia and reptilia in western North America. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Science of Philadelphia 35: 10-35[13].
- Coues E. 1875. Synopsis of the Reptiles and Batrachians of Arizona; with Critical and Field Notes, and an Extensive Synonymy, p. 585-633.[609]. In Wheeler GM. 1875. Report Upon Geographical and Geological Explorations and Surveys West of the One Hundredth Meridian. Volume V. Zoology: Reports Upon the Zoological Collections Obtained from Portions of Nevada, Utah, California, Colorado, New Mexico, and Arizona, During the Years 1871, 1872, 1873, and 1874. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.
- Fitzinger LJFJ. 1843. Systema Reptilium. Fasciculus primus. Amblyglossae. Braumüller et Seidel, Wien: 106 pp.[29].
- Heckel JO, Sisson DC, Quist CF. 1994. Apparent fatal snakebite in three hawks. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 30(4): 616-619.
- Houttuyn, M. 1764. Natuurlyke historie of uitvoerige beschryving der dieren, planten en mineraalen, volgens het samenstel van den Heer Linnæus. Met naauwkeurige afbeeldingen. Eerste deels, zesde stuk. Dieren van beiderley leven. Amsterdam. 558 pp.[290].
- Hubbs, Brian and Brendan O'Connor. 2012. A Guide to the Rattlesnakes and other Venomous Serpents of the United States. Tricolor Books. Tempe, Arizona. 129 pp. ISBN 978-0-9754641-3-7.
- Keegan HL. 1944. Indigo snakes feeding upon poisonous snakes. Copeia 1944(1): 59.
- Klauber LM. 1927. Some observations on the rattlesnakes of the extreme southwest. Bull. Antivenin Inst. Am. 1(1): 7-21.
- Klauber LM. 1936. Key to the rattlesnakes with summary characteristics. Trans. San Diego Soc. Nat. Hist. 8(2): 185-276.
- Klauber LM. 1971. Classification, distribution and biology of the venomous snakes of northern Mexico, the United States and Canada: Crotalus and Sistrurus. pp. 115–156 In Bucherl W, Buckley E. 1971. Venomous animals and their venoms, vol. 2. Venomous vertebrates. Academic Press, New York.
- Klauber LM. 1972. Rattlesnakes: Their habits, life histories, and influence on mankind. 2nd edition. 2 Vols. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
- Laurenti JN. 1768. Specimen medicum, exhibens synopsin reptilium emendatum cum experimentis circa Venena et antidota reptilium Austriacorum. J.T. de Trattern, Wien. 214 pp.[92].
- Linnaeus C. 1758. Systema naturae per regna tria naturae secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. 10th ed. Vol. 1. Stockholm. 824 pp.[214].
- Rafinesque CS. 1815. Analyse de la nature ou tableau de l'univers et des corps organisés. Jean Barravecchia, Palermo. 224 pp. (Herpetol. section) pp. 73–78[77].
- Rafinesque CS. 1820. Annals of Nature, or Annual Synopsys of New Genera and Species of Animals and Plants Discovered in North America. Lexington. (22): 1-16.[5].
- Reuss T. 1930. Glasnik Zemaljskog Muzeja u Bosni I Hercegovini. Sveska za Prirodne Nauke. 42: 57-114[60, 88].
- Wagler J. 1830. Natürliches system der amphibien, mit vorangehender classification der Säugthiere und vögel. München, Stuttgart und Tübingen. vi, 354 pp.[176], 9 pls.