BAB 4

LINGKARAN

Tujuan : Siswa dapat menentukan persamaan lingkaran.

Tanggal : November 2011
Pengajar : Dyah Ayu Triana
Materi : (1)

4.1 Persamaan Lingkaran

a. Persamaan Lingkaran dengan Pusat O(0,0) dan Jari-jari r
Persamaan lingkaran dengan pusat O(0, 0) dan jari-jari r adalah x2 + y2 = r2

Contoh:
Tentukan persamaan lingkaran dengan pusat O(0, 0) dan
1. Jari-jari 4
2. Melalui titik (3,-2)

Jawab:
1. Persamaan lingkaran: x2 + y2 = 16
2. Persamaan lingkaran: x2 + y2 = r2.
Melalui titik (3,-2) maka (3)2 + (-2)2 = r2
9 + 4 = r2
13 = r2
Jadi, persamaan lingkarannya x2 + y2 = 13

b. Persamaan lingkaran dengan pusat M(a,b) dan Jari-jari r

Persamaan lingkaran dengan pusat M (a,b)dan jari-jari r adalah (x – a)2 + (y – b)2 = r2

Contoh:
Tentukan persamaan lingkaran dengan pusat (4,-3) dan
1. Jari-jari 5
2. Melalui titik (2,1)

Kelas 2 IPA semester 1 | created by Dyah Ayu T 1

Jawab :
1. Persamaan lingkaran : (x – 4)2 + (y + 3)2 = 25
2. Misal persamaan lingkarannya: (x – 4)2 + (y + 3)2 = r2
Melalui titik (2, 1) maka (2 – 4)2 + (1 + 3)2 = r2
(-2)2 + 42 = r2
4 + 16 = r2
20 = r2
Jadi, persamaan lingkaran: (x – 4)2 + (y + 3)2 = 20

c. Persamaan Umum Lingkaran

persamaan: x2 + y2 + 2Ax + 2By + C = 0 disebut persamaan umum lingkaran, dengan

pusat (-A,-B) dan jari-jari r = √ A 2+B2−C .

Contoh:
Tentukan pusat dan jari-jari dari lingkaran x2 + y2 – 4x + 6y – 12 = 0!

Jawab :
x2 + y2 – 4x + 6y – 12 = 0, persamaan umum lingkaran: x2 + y2 + 2Ax + 2By + C = 0,
sehingga :
2A = -4, 2B = 6, C = - 12
A = -2, B = 3
Pusat lingkaran (-A,-B) = (2, -3)

Jari-jari: r = √ A 2+B2−C .
= √ 4+9+12
= √ 25 = 5

Kelas 2 IPA semester 1 | created by Dyah Ayu T 2

 Latihan!

1. Tentukan persamaan lingkaran dengan pusat O(0,0) dan jari-jari 3 √ 2 !

2. Tentukan persamaan lingkaran dengan pusat (2,-3) dan melalui (-5,2)!
3. Tentukan pusat dan jari-jari dari lingkaran berikut:
a. x2 + y2 + x – 2y – 1 = 0
b. 2x2 + 2y2 – 12x – 20y = 12

d. Menentukan Persamaan Lingkaran

Untuk menentukan persamaan lingkaran, diperlukan rumus-rumus:
1) Jarak antara dua titik

Jarak titik P(x1,y1) dan Q(x2,y2) adalah PQ = √( x 2−x 1 )2+( y 2− y 1 )2

2) Jarak antara titik dan garis

Jarak titik P(x1,y1) dan garis ax + by + c = 0 adalah
ax 1 +by 1 +c
| |
D= √ a2+b2

Contoh:
1. Tentukan persamaan lingkaran dengan pusat (2,4) dan melalui titik (1,7)!
2. Tentukan persamaan lingkaran dengan pusat (1,4) dan melalui sumbu x!
3. Tentukan persamaan lingkaran dengan pusat (2,1) dan menyinggung garis 2x + y +
5 = 0!

Jawab:
1. r = Jarak titik (2,4) dan (1,7)
Kelas 2 IPA semester 1 | created by Dyah Ayu T 3
 = √ (1−2 )2+( 7−4 )2 = √ 1+9 = √ 10
Jadi, persamaan lingkaran: (x -2)2 + (y – 4)2 = 10
2. r = jarak titik (1,4) dan sumbu X
Jadi, persamaan lingkaran: (x – 1)2 + (y – 4)2 = 16
3. r = jarak titik (2,1) dan garis 2x + y + 5 = 0
2(2)+1(1)+5 4+1+5 10
= √ 2 +1
2 2
= √ 5 = √5
r2 = 20
Jadi, persamaan lingkaran: (x – 2)2 + (y -1)2 = 20

e. Posisi Titik terhadap Lingkaran

Jika M (a,b) adalah pusat sebuah lingkaran dengan jari-jari r, maka untuk setiap titik
P(x1,y1):
1) Lingkaran x2 + y2 = r2
a) Titik P dalam lingkaran, maka x2 + y2 < r2
b) Titik P terletak pada lingkaran, maka x2 + y2 = r2
c) Titik P di luar lingkaran, maka x2 + y2 >r2
2) Lingkaran (x – a)2 + (y – b)2 = r2
a) Titik P dalam lingkaran, maka (x – a)2 + (y – b)2 < r2
b) Titik P terletak pada lingkaran, maka (x – a)2 + (y – b)2 = r2
c) Titik P di luar lingkaran (x – a)2 + (y – b)2 > r2
3) Lingkaran x2 + y2 + 2Ax +2By + C = 0
a) Titik P dalam lingkaran, maka x2 + y2 + 2Ax +2By + C < 0
b) Titik P terletak pada lingkaran, maka x2 + y2 + 2Ax +2By + C = 0
c) Titik P di luar lingkaran, maka x2 + y2 + 2Ax +2By + C > 0

Contoh:

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1. Tentukan kedudukan titik A(1,2) dan B(-3,4) terhadap lingkaran: x2 + y2 – 6x – 8y +
16 = 0!
2. Titik A(k,3) terletak pada lingkaran x2 + y2 = 25. Tentukan nilai k!

Jawab :
1. Jika melalui titik A(1,2) maka: x2 + y2 – 6x – 8y + 16 = 0
1 + 4 – 6 – 16 + 16 = -1 < 0, titik A dalam
lingkaran
Jika melalui titik (-3,4) maka: x2 + y2 – 6x – 8y + 16 = 0
9 + 16 + 18 – 32 + 16 = 27 > 0, titik B di luar
lingkaran.
2. Titik A(k,3) maka x2 + y2 = 25
k2 + 9 = 25
k2 = 16
k=4
k = 4 or k = -4

Latihan!
1. Tentukan persamaan lingkaran yang sepusat dengan lingkaran (x-2)2 + (y -4)2 = 25
dan melalui titik (-2,7)!
2. Tentukan nilai k, jika (k,4) terletak dalam lingkaran (x -1)2 + (y + 2)2 = 52!
3. Tentukan nilai p jika (2, p) di luar (x -2)2 + (y + 3)2 = 16

Kelas 2 IPA semester 1 | created by Dyah Ayu T 5

Tujuan : Siswa dapat menentukan persamaan garis singgung lingkaran.
Tanggal : November 2011
Pengajar : Dyah Ayu Triana
Materi : (2)
4.2 Persamaan Garis Singgung Lingkaran
a. Garis singgung lingkaran di titik A(x1,y1) pada lingkaran x2 + y2 = r2
Persamaan garis singgung lingkaran di titik (x1, y1) dalam lingkaran x2 + y2 = r2 adalah:
x1x + y1y = r2

b. Persamaan garis singgung lingkaran di titik A(x1,y1) pada lingkaran (x – a)2 +

(y – b)2 = r2
Persamaan garis singgung lingkaran di titik A(x1,y1) pada lingkaran (x – a)2 + (y – b)2 =
r2 adalah:
(x1 – a)(x – a) + (y1 – b)(y – b) = r2

c. Persamaan garis singgung lingkaran di titik A(x1,y1) pada lingkaran x2 + y2 +

2Ax + 2By + C = 0
Persamaan A(x1,y1) pada lingkaran x2 + y2 + 2Ax + 2By + C = 0 adalah:
x1x + y1y + A(x1 + x) + B(y1 + y) + C = 0

Contoh:
1. Tentukan persamaan garis singgung lingkaran pada titik (2,-3) dalam lingkaran x2 +
y2 = 13!
2. Tentukan persamaan garis singgung lingkaran di titik (2,4) pada lingkaran (x + 4)2 +
(y – 5)2 = 37!
3. Tentukan persamaan garis singgung lingkaran pada lingkaran x2 + y2 – 6x + 2y – 3 =
0 di titik dengan absis 5!

Jawab:
Kelas 2 IPA semester 1 | created by Dyah Ayu T 6
1. Persamaan garis singgung:
x1x + y1y = 13
2x – 3y = 13
2. Persamaan garis singgung:
(x1 + 4)(x + 4) + (y1 – 5)(y -5) = 37
(2 + 4)(x + 4) + (4 – 5)(y – 5) = 37
6(x + 4) -1(y – 5) = 37
6x + 24 – y + 5 = 37
6x – y = 8
3. x = 5 disubstitusi ke lingkaran x2 + y2 – 6x + 2y – 3 = 0
25 + y2 – 30 + 2y – 3 = 0
y2 + 2y – 8 = 0
(y + 4)(y – 2) = 0
y = -4 or y = 2
diperoleh titik singgung A(5,-4) dan B(5,2)
Persamaan garis singgung di titik A(5,-4) adalah
x1x + y1y – 3(x1 + x) + (y1 + y) – 3 = 0
5x – 4y – 3(5 + x) + (-4 + y) – 3 = 0
5x – 4y – 15 – 3x – 4 + y – 3 = 0
2x + 3y – 22 = 0
Persamaan garis singgung di titik B(5,2) adalah
x1x + y1y – 3(x1 + x) + (y1 + y) – 3 = 0
5x + 2y – 3(5 + x) + (2 + y) – 3 = 0
5x + 2y – 15 – 3x + 2 + y – 3 = 0
2x + 3y – 16 = 0
Jadi, persamaan garis singgung 2x + 3y – 22 = 0 dan 2x + 3y – 16 = 0

Latihan!

Kelas 2 IPA semester 1 | created by Dyah Ayu T 7

1. Tentukan persamaan garis singgung dalam lingkaran x2 + y2 = 20 di titik (-4, 2)!
2. Tentukan persamaan garis singgung dalam lingkaran (x – 3)2 + (y + 2)2 = 26 di titik
(2,3)!
3. Tentukan persamaan garis singgung dalam lingkaran x2 + y2 – 2x – 10y + 17 = 0 di
titik (1,2)!

Kelas 2 IPA semester 1 | created by Dyah Ayu T 8

Tujuan : Siswa dapat menentukan persamaan garis singgung lingkaran.
Tanggal : November 2011
Pengajar : Dyah Ayu Triana
Materi : (3)

4.3 Posisi garis Terhadap Lingkaran

Ada 3 posisi garis g terhadap lingkaran L:
a. Garis g memotong lingkaran di dua titik yang berbeda, maka D > 0
b. Garis g menyinggung lingkaran, maka D = 0
c. Garis g tidak memotong lingkaran, maka D < 0

Contoh:
Tentukan nilai k jika garis y = kx pada lingkaran x2 + y2 – 4x - 2y + 4 = 0
a. Menyinggung lingkaran
b. Memotong lingkaran di dua titik
c. Tidak memotong lingkaran

Jawab:
y = kx
x2 + y2 – 4x – 2y + 4 = 0 then x2 + (kx)2 – 4x – 2(kx) + 4 = 0
x2 + k2x2 – 4x – 2kx + 4 = 0
(1 + k2)x2 – (4 + 2k)x + 4 = 0
D = b2 – 4ac = (4 + 2k)2 – 4(1 + k2)4
= 16 + 16k + 4k2 – 16 – 16k2
= 16k – 12k2
= 4k(4 – 3k)

a. Menyinggung lingkaran
b2 – 4ac = 0
Kelas 2 IPA semester 1 | created by Dyah Ayu T 9
 4k(4 – 3k) = 0
4k = 0 or 4 – 3k = 0
4
k = 0 or k = 3
b. Memotong lingkaran di dua titik
b2 – 4ac > 0
4k(4 – 3k) > 0
4
0<k< 3
c. Tidak memotong lingkaran
b2 – 4ac < 0
4k(4 – 3k) < 0
4
k < 0 atau k > 3

Latihan!
1. Garis y = -2x + c menyinggung lingkaran x2 + y2 – 2x – 4y – 15 = 0. Tentukan nilai
c!
2. Tentukan nilai k jika garis y = kx memotong lingkaran 2x2 + 2y2 – 8x + 4y + 5 = 0
di dua titik yang berbeda!

Kelas 2 IPA semester 1 | created by Dyah Ayu T 10

Objective : Student will be able to find equations of tangent lines
Subject :
The Equation of the Tangent line to the Circle and Passing through an External
Point
If point T(x1,y1) outside the circle. The circle will have two tangent lines that passing
through point T(g1 and g2). If suppose that the two lines have points of tangency, say
point of A for line of g1 and point of B for line of g2. Points of A and B are connected by
a polar line.
1. Polar line equation of point P(x1,y1) in circles x2 + y2 = r2 is:
x1x + y1y = r2
2. Polar line equation of point P(x1,y1) in circles (x – a)2 + (y – b)2 = r2 is:
(x1 – a)(x – a) + (y1 – b)(y – b) = r2
3. Polar line equation of point P(x1,y1) in circles x2 + y2 + 2Ax + 2By + C = 0 is:
x1x + y1y + A(x1 + x) + B(y1 + y) + C = 0

The step to obtain tangent line equation from point P(x1,y1) outside circle:
1. Find polar line equation point P(x1,y1) to the circle
2. Find the coordinates of points of intersection of polar line and circle
3. Find tangent line equation in points of intersection of polar line and circles

Example:
Determine the equations of tangent line to the circle of x 2 + y2 = 9 from point (0,5)
outside circles!

Answer:
The equation of polar line in point (0,5) to the circles x2 + y2 = 9 is:
x1x + y1y = 9

Kelas 2 IPA semester 1 | created by Dyah Ayu T 11

 0.x + 5.y = 9
9
5y = 9 y = 5  the equation of polar line

9
5 }
y= ¿ ¿ ¿¿

9
x2 + ( 5 )2 = 9
81
x2 = 9 - 25
144
x2 = 25
12
x= 5
12 12
x = 5 or x = - 5

( , )
12 9
We obtain point of intersection A 5 5 and B
(− , )
12 9
5 5
The equation of tangent line in A is x2x + y2y = 9
12 9
5 x+ 5 y=9
12x + 9y = 45
4x + 3y = 15
The equation of tangent line in B is 4x – 3y = 15

2. Circles (x -2)2 + (y – 2)2 = 16 and (-2,-2)

(x1 – 2)(x -2) + (y1 – 2)(y – 2) = 16
(-2 – 2)(x – 2) + (-2 -2) (y – 2) = 16
-4(x – 2) + (-4)(y – 2) = 16
-4x + 8 – 4y + 8 = 16
-4x – 4y = 0
x+y=0
Kelas 2 IPA semester 1 | created by Dyah Ayu T 12
 y = -x

y = -x
(x -2)2 + (y – 2)2 = 16  (x – 2)2 + (-x – 2)2 = 16
x2 – 4x + 4 + x2 + 4x + 4 = 16
2x2 = 8
x2 = 4
x=2
x = 2 or x = -2

x=2¿ }¿ ¿¿ then y = -2
x=−2¿ }¿ ¿¿ then y = 2
We obtain point A(2,-2) and B(-2,2)

The equation of tangent line in A is

(x1 – 2)(x -2) + (y1 – 2) (y -2) = 16
(2 – 2)(x – 2) + (-2 -2) (y – 2) = 16
0 (x – 2) -4(y – 2) = 16
0 – 4y + 8 = 16
- 4y = 8
y = -2
The equation of tangent line in B is
(x1 – 2)(x -2) + (y1 – 2) (y -2) = 16
(-2 -2)(x – 2) + (2 – 2) (y -2) = 16
-4x + 8 + 0 = 16
-4x = 8
x = -2

Kelas 2 IPA semester 1 | created by Dyah Ayu T 13

 Exercise!
1. Determine the equations of tangent line to the circle of x 2 + y2 = 9 from point (5,0)
outside circles!
2. Determine the equations of tangent line to the circle of x 2 + y2 – 6x – 8y + 20 = 0
from point (6,0)

Objective : Student will be able to find equations of tangent lines

Subject :
The Equation of the Tangent Line to the Circle with Specific Gradient
1. The Equation of the Tangent Line with Gradient of m to the Circle x2 + y2 = r2

y = mx  r √ 1 + m2
2. The Equation of the Tangent Line with Gradient of m to the Circle
(x –a)2 +(y – b)2 = r2

y – b = m(x – a)  r √ 1 + m2

Example:
1. Find the equation of the tangent line with gradient -2 to the circle x2 + y2 = 16!
2. Find the equation of tangent line to the circle x2 + y2 – 6x + 8y + 9 = 0 that
perpendicular line 4x – 3y + 7 = 0!

Answer:
1. m = -2, r = 4

So that: y = mx  r √ 1 + m2
Kelas 2 IPA semester 1 | created by Dyah Ayu T 14
 y = -2x  4 √1 + 4
y = -2x  4 √ 5

So the equations of the tangent line are y = -2x + 4 √ 5 and y = -2x - 4 √ 5

2. x2 + y2 – 6x + 8y + 9 = 0

Centre of circle (3,-4) and r = √ 32+(−4)2−9 = 4

Line 4x – 3y + 7 = 0 is changed to 3y = 4x + 7
4 7 4
x+
y = 3 3  m1 = 3
Line perpendicular then m1. m2 = -1
4
3 . m2 = -1
3
−
m2 = 4
The equations of the tangent line are:

y – b = m2(x – a)  r √ 1 + m2

y – (-4) =
−
3
4 (x – 3)  4 √
1+
9
16

y+4=
−
3 25
4 (x – 3)  4 16 √
3 5
−
y+4= 4 (x – 3)  4. 4
3
−
y+4= 4 (x – 3)  5
3 3
− −
y+4= 4 (x – 3) + 5 and y + 4 = 4 (x – 3) – 5
or

Kelas 2 IPA semester 1 | created by Dyah Ayu T 15

 3x + 4y – 13 = 0 and 3x + 4y + 27 = 0

Exercise!
1. Find the equation of tangent line to the circle (x – 3) 2 + (y + 2)2 = 25 and gradient

√3 !
2. Find the equation of tangent line to the circle x 2 + y2 = 16 and perpendicular with
line x + 3y – 5 = 0!

PRE-EXAMINATION
CHAPTER 4(CIRCLE)

1. The equation of circle with center on point P(2,-6) and has a tangency with Y-axis
is…
2. Find center and radius of the following circle: x2 + y2 + 6x – 2y + 6 = 0!
3. The equation of tangent line to the circle of x 2 + y2 = 41 passes through point of
(-5, 4) is …
4. The equation of tangent line to the circle of x2 + y2 – 2x + 4y + 4 = 0 that
perpendicular with the line of 3x – 4y – 5 = 0 is …
5. Determine the equation of tangent line to circle of x 2 + y2 + 10x – 2y + 6 = 0 which
same slope with line of 2x + y + 7 = 0!

Kelas 2 IPA semester 1 | created by Dyah Ayu T 16

 EXAMINATION
CHAPTER 4(CIRCLE)
Date: July 29, 2009
Lecture: Dyah Ayu Triana

1. If point A(1,2) is located in circles x 2 + y2 – 5x + By – 6 = 0, then radius of circles is

…
1 1 1 1
√65 √65 √30 √30
a. 6 b. 2 c. 4 d. 4 e. 2
2. The equation of tangent line to the circles x 2 + y2 + 4x – 6y – 27 = 0, intersect y-
axis in point …
Kelas 2 IPA semester 1 | created by Dyah Ayu T 17
 a. (0,3) b. (0,7) c. (0,11) d. (0,-11) e. (0,-7)
3. The equation of tangent line to the circles x 2 + y2 = 32 passes through point of (0,8)
are…
4. The equation of tangent line to the circles x2 + y2 + 4x – 6y – 23 = 0 that
perpendicular line 3x + 4y = 5 are …
5. The equation of tangent line to the circles x2 + y2 = 10 with gradient -3 is …
6. The equation of the lines passing through the point (3,2) and touch the circle
(x – 1)2 + (y – 1)2 = 1 are …

REVIEW
CHAPTER 4(CIRCLE)
Date: July 30, 2009
Lecture: Dyah Ayu Triana

1. The equation of circles that one of its diameter’s border is (5,-2) and (-1,8) is …
2. The center of circle x2 + y2 + Ax – 4y + 4 = 0 has a tangency with A-axis. The value
of A is …
Kelas 2 IPA semester 1 | created by Dyah Ayu T 18
3. The equation of line passes through the center of circle x2 + y2 + 4x – 6y + 9 = 0 and
x2 + y2 + 8y = 0 is …
4. The equation of tangent line to the circle of x2 + y2 – 2x + 4y + 4 = 0 that
perpendicular with the line of 3x – 4y – 5 = 0 is …
5. The tangent line to the circle of x2 + y2 = 13 at point of (-3,2) also tangent to the
circle of (x + 2)2 + (y + 3)2 = p. The value of p is …

REMEDIAL
CHAPTER 4(CIRCLE)
Date: August 3, 2009
Lecture: Dyah Ayu Triana

Kelas 2 IPA semester 1 | created by Dyah Ayu T 19

1. Find center and radius of circle 2x2 + 2y2 – 12x – 20y = 12
2. Determine the equation of tangent line to circle of (x + 1) 2 + (y – 3)2 = 20 which
same slope with line of x - 2y = 3!
3. Find equation of the circles that is concentric to the circle x 2 + y2 – 4x + 2y + 4 = 0
and touches the line 5x – 12y + 4 = 0!
4. The equation of the lines passing through the point (-3,2) and touch the circle
x2 + y2 – 6x - 4y + 2 = 0 are …

PRE_FINAL EXAMINATION OF 1ST SEMESTER

FOR 2ND CLASS SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
Kelas 2 IPA semester 1 | created by Dyah Ayu T 20
 Date: August 8, 2009
Lecture: Dyah Ayu Triana

1. From the data : 2, 6, 9, 4, 4, 3, 7, 8, 9, 3, 8, 9. The mean, median, and mode

respectively are …
2. Variance from the following data: 3, 7, 2, 4, 5, 8, 6, 3, 7, 5 is …
3. A committee will be built from a group consists of 10 members. The committee that
will be built consists of chairman, secretary, and treasurer. The committee will be
built in …ways
4. The value of (sin 70 cos 110 + cos 70 sin 110) is…
5. The value of sin 345 equals …
6. The equation of tangent line to the circle of (x + 2) 2 + (y – 3)2 = 25 passes through
point of (2,6) is …

Kelas 2 IPA semester 1 | created by Dyah Ayu T 21

 REMEDIAL EXAMINATION OF 1ST SEMESTER
FOR 2ND CLASS SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
Date: August 12, 2009
Lecture: Dyah Ayu Triana

1. Median from the following data is …

Score Frequency
44 – 48 8
49 – 53 9
54 – 58 11
59 – 63 30
64 – 68 28
69 – 73 12
74 - 78 2

2. Standard deviation from the following data: 28, 30, 21, 24, 26, 20, 23, and 20 is …
3. Dice is thrown 90 times. The expected frequency of the side with number less than
three will be resulted is …
4 5
4. If sin A = 5 , tan B = 12 where A and B are acute angles, then value of tan(A + B)
is …
5. The equation of tangent line to the circle of (x + 2) 2 + (y – 3)2 = 25 passes through
point of (2,6) is …

Kelas 2 IPA semester 1 | created by Dyah Ayu T 22