Kayu
Kayu
Kayu
a4
'
a4
N
a3
'
a3
K
d3
a2
v2
d3'
v3
J
a1
v4
v3'
6 m6
a2
'
d2'
d2
v2'
d1
b1
a1
'
d1'
v1
v1'
b2
b3
b4
b4'
b3'
b2'
8m
8m
16 m
8
diketahui :
* bentang (L)
* jenis atap
* jarak kuda - kuda
* kayu kelas kuat
* kayu mutu
b1'
=
=
=
=
=
16 m
multi roof
3 m
I
B
+
+
m
(AD)
16.00
v3 = v3'
v4
v3 =
(AL)
+
(AE)
v4
v3 =
56.25
+
36.00
v3 =
4.50
m
5) menghitung panjang batang diagonal
d1 = d1'
d2 = d2'
d1 =
(CD)
+
(CJ)
d2
d1 =
4.00
+
2.25
d2
d1 =
2.50
m
d2
d3 = d3'
d3 =
(EF)
+
(EL)
d3 =
4.00
+
20.25
d3 =
4.92
m
tabel hasil panjang batang
nama batang
panjang batang (m)
a1=a2=a3=a4=a4'=a3'=a2'=a1'
2.5
b1=b2=b3=b4=b4'=b3'=b2'=b1'
2
v1=v1'
1.50
v2=v2'
3.00
v3=v3'
4.50
v4
6
d1=d1'
2.50
d2=d2'
3.61
d3=d3'
4.92
=
=
=
(DE)
4.00
3.61
+
+
(DK)
9.00
M
a4
'
a4
N
a3
'
a3
K
d3
a2
v2
d3'
v3
J
a1
v4
v3'
6m
a2
'
d2'
d2
v2'
d1
b1
v1'
b2
a1
'
d1'
v1
b3
b4
b4'
b3'
8m
b2'
H
8m
16 m
diketahui data perencanaan sebagai berikut :
* tegangan ijin lentur
* tegangan tekan ijin
* tegangan tarik ijin
=
=
=
150 kg/cm
130 kg/cm
130 kg/cm
b1'
si n
co
kg/cm
kg/cm
kg/cm
kg/cm
b
h berat jenis kayu
0.08 0.12
900
8.64
kg/m'
b
h berat jenis kayu
0.05 0.07
900
3.15
kg/m'
b
h berat jenis kayu
0.03 0.04
900
1.08
kg/m'
W multiroof
jarak gording
7
1.25
8.75
kg/m'
berat gording + berat kaso + berat reng + berat multiroof
8.64
+
3.15
+
1.08
+
8.75
21.62 kg/m'
si n
co
qx1 =
=
=
qy1 =
=
=
*) Mx1 = 1/8
qy1
l
= 0.125
17.296 9
= 19.458 kgm'
q
21.620
12.972
q
21.620
17.296
sin
0.600
kg/m'
cos
0.800
kg/m'
*) My1 = 1/8
qx1
l
= 0.125
12.972 9
= 14.594 kgm'
si n
co
Px =
=
=
Py =
=
=
*) Mx2 =
1/4
Py1
=
0.25
80.000
= 180.000 kgm'
P
100
60.000
P
100
80.000
sin
0.600
kg
cos
0.800
kg
*) My2 =
1/4
Px1
=
0.25
60.000
= 135.000 kgm'
l
9
3) beban angin
=4
g/m
0k
q tekan = c1
w jrk gording
= 0.34 40
1.250
= 16.870 kg/m'
l
Mx3 = 1/8
qt
= 0.125
16.870 9
= 18.979 kgm
kombinasi pembebanan
c1 =
=
=
c2 =
0.02
0.02
0.34
-0.4
36.8699
(tekan)
(isap)
0.4
-
0.4
q isap = c2
w jrk gording
=
-0.4
40
1.250
= -20.00 kg/m'
My3 =
kgm
h=12cm
16
Wy = 1/6 b
h
= 0.166667 144 16
cm
=
384
kontrol Tegangan
# tegangan akibat beban sendiri dan beban tak terduga
lt ytj = Mxa + Mya
Wx
Wy
=
199.458 100 +
149.594 100
512
384
=
77.913
betul
# tegangan akibat beban sendiri dan beban angin
lt ytj = Mxb + Myb
Wx
Wy
=
38.437 100 +
14.594 100
512
384
=
11.308
betul
Kontrol Lendutan
# lendutan akibat beban sendiri dan beban tak terduga
Fx ijin
Fx ytj
1
5 qx1 l
+
Px
L
L
200
384 E
Iy
48
E
Iy
1
5
0.130
8.1E+09
+
60.000
27000000
300
200
384 125000
2304
48
125000
2304
1.5
0.048
+
0.117
1.5
0.165
betul
Fy ijin
1
L
200
1
300
200
1.5
1.5
Fy ytj
5 qy1 l
+
Py
L
384 E
Ix
48
E
Ix
5
0.173
8.1E+09
+
80.000
27000000
384 125000
2304
48
125000
2304
0.063
+
0.156
0.220
betul
200
384 E
Iy
1
5
0.130
8.1E+09
300
200
384 125000
2304
1.5
0.048
1.5
0.048
betul
Fy ijin
1
L
200
1
300
200
1.5
1.5
Fy ytj
5 qy1 l
+
5
q1 l
384 E
Ix
48
E
Ix
5
0.173
8.1E+09
+
5
0.190
384 125000
2304
48
125000
0.063
+
0.002
0.065
betul
Kontrol :
Fx ijin
Fx ytj
# akibat beban sendiri + beban tak terduga
1
300
0.027
+
0.048
200
1.5
0.2745
betul
# akibat beban sendiri + beban angin
1
300
0.002
+
0.004
200
1.5
0.08067
betul
perhitungan kuda-kuda
# berat sendiri kuda - kuda
rumus tafsiran =
P = (L-2)F s/d (L+2)F
dimana : F = jarak kap
L
=
3
16
m
=
48
maka digunakan rumus tafsiran P = (L+2)F
berat sendiri kuda-kuda pada setiap batang :
P1 =
P
=
L
2
n
1
n
1
=
16
2
9
1
=
84.000 kg
F
48
27000000
2304
# berat genteng
*) berat kaso
+
+
1/2 P4
22.500
45.000
45.000
Pb
a4
'
a4
Pb
Pb
a3
'
a3
Pb
v4
d3
a2
a1
d3'
v3
v3'
a2
'
d2'
v2'
d1
d1'
v1
b1
Pb
d2
v2
Pa
Pb
v1'
b2
b3
4m
b4
b4'
4m
b3'
b2'
4m
a1
'
Pa
b1'
4m
16 m
reaksi perletakan akibat beban sendiri
RAV=RBV =
2Pa
+
6Pb
2
480.780
+
2573.64
2
Pc
480.78
1767.600
kg
a4
'
a4
a3
'
a3
v4
d3
a2
a1
d3'
v3
v2
v3'
a2
'
d2'
d2
v2'
d1
d1'
v1
b1
v1'
b2
4m
b3
b4
b4'
4m
b3'
b2'
4m
a1
'
b1'
4m
16 m
reaksi perletakan akibat beban tak terduga
RAV=RBV =
9P
=
2
900
2
450
kg
a4
RWt RWtv
a3 RWiv RWi
'
a3
RWth
d3'
v3
v2
a1
RWih
v4
d3
a2
v3'
a2
'
d2'
d2
v2'
d1
d1'
v1
b1
v1'
b2
4m
b3
b4
4m
b4'
b3'
b2'
4m
4m
16 m
"Berdasarkan Peraturan Muatan Indonesia (PMI 1970) BAB IV pasal 4.3 halaman 20 untuk
bangunan tertutup, ditetapkan hal-hal sebagai berikut :
a) Untuk bidang luar :
- Koefisien angin (+)
= tekan
- Koefisien angin (-)
= isap
b) Bidang vertikal :
- Dipihak angin
= 0.34
- Dibelakang angin
=
0.4
Wt=
c1
W
jarak kap jarak gording
0.3
40
3
1.250
50.610
kg
RWt =
4 Wt
4
50.610
202.439
RWth =
RWt
sin
202.44
0.600
121.463 kg
RWtv =
RWt
cos
202.44
0.800
161.951 kg
Wi=
C2
W jarak kap jarak gording
0.4
40
3
1.250
60.000
kg
RWi=
4
Wt
4
60.000
240.000
RWih =
RWt
sin
240.00
0.600
144.000 kg
RWiv =
RWt
cos
240.00
0.800
192.000 kg
a1
'
b1'
MB = 0
= RAV 16
Rwih
= RAV 16
144.000
= RAV 16
432.000
RAV 16
3
3
-
RWtv
12
+
=
0
161.951 12
+
=
0
1943.412
+
=
0
+
-379.022
=
RAV
=
23.689
MA = 0
= -RBV 16
Rwth
3
= -RBV 16
121.463
3
= -RBV 16
364.390
= -RBV 16
+
RBV
RWiv
12
+
=
0
192.000 12
+
=
0
2304.000
+
=
0
-859.806
=
=
-53.738
RWth
Rwiv
121.463
192.000
364.390
768.000
0
kg
RWih
Rwtv
144.000
161.951
432.000
647.804
0
kg
H= 0
-RAH
-RAH
RAH =
+
RWth
+
121.463
-265.46 kg
RAV
23.689
+
RGV
+
-53.738
-30.049
+
+
Rwih
144.000
V= 0
=
RWtv
Rwiv
=
161.951
192.000
=
-30.049
benar
a4
RWi
RWiv
a3
'
a3
RWih
v4
d3
a2
v3'
RWt
RWth
a2
'
d3'
v3
v2
a1
RWtv
d2'
d2
v2'
d1
d1'
v1
b1
v1'
b2
4m
b3
b4
b4'
4m
b3'
4m
16 m
b2'
a1
'
b1'
4m
MB = 0
= RAV 16
+
Rwth
3
= RAV 16
+
121.463
3
= RAV 16
+
364.390
= RAV 16
+
RAV
RWiv
12
=
0
192.000 12
=
0
2304.000
=
0
859.806
=
=
-53.738
MA = 0
-RBV 16
+
Rwih
3
-RBV 16
+
144.000
3
-RBV 16
+
432.000
-RBV 16
+
RBV
RWtv
12
=
0
161.951 12
=
0
1943.412
=
0
379.022
=
=
23.689
RWih
Rwtv
144.000
161.951
432.000
+
RWth
+
121.463
-265.46 kg
RAV
-53.738
+
RGV
+
23.689
-30.049
+
+
0
kg
RWth
Rwiv
121.463
192.000
364.390
0
kg
H= 0
-RFV =
-RFV =
RFV =
647.804
Rwih
144.000
=
=
0
0
V= 0
=
RWtv
Rwiv
=
161.951
192.000
=
-30.049
benar
768.000
Batang
a1
a2
a3
a4
a4'
a3'
a2'
a1'
b1
b2
b3
b4
b4'
b3'
b2'
b1'
d1
d2
d3
d3'
d2'
d1'
v1
v2
v3
v4
v3'
v2'
v1'
A
Beban Sendiri
Tarik (+)
Tekan (-)
0.00
2546.00
0.00
2188.00
0.00
1830.00
0.00
1472.00
0.00
1472.00
0.00
1830.00
0.00
2188.00
0.00
2546.00
2036.80
0.00
1750.40
0.00
1464.00
0.00
1177.60
0.00
1177.60
0.00
1464.00
0.00
1750.40
0.00
2036.80
0.00
0.00
358.00
0.00
516.00
0.00
704.00
0.00
704.00
0.00
516.00
0.00
358.00
0.00
0.00
215.00
0.00
428.60
0.00
1282.60
0.00
428.60
0.00
215.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
B
Beban Tak Terduga
Tarik (+)
Tekan (-)
0.00
583.50
0.00
500.00
0.00
416.50
0.00
333.00
0.00
333.00
0.00
416.50
0.00
500.00
0.00
583.50
466.80
0.00
400.00
0.00
333.16
0.00
266.40
0.00
266.40
0.00
333.16
0.00
400.00
0.00
466.80
0.00
0.00
83.50
0.00
120.50
0.00
164.00
0.00
164.00
0.00
120.50
0.00
83.50
0.00
0.00
50.20
0.00
100.26
0.00
299.73
0.00
100.26
0.00
50.20
0.00
0.00
0.00
C
Angin Kiri
Tarik (+)
Tekan (-)
0.00
6.00
8.80
0.00
23.60
0.00
38.40
0.00
0.00
3.00
14.60
0.00
32.00
0.00
49.40
0.00
255.06
0.00
255.06
0.00
212.86
0.00
170.66
0.00
78.32
0.00
28.40
0.00
0.00
21.52
0.00
21.52
0.00
52.80
0.00
76.00
0.00
104.00
123.00
0.00
90.00
0.00
62.40
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
31.16
0.00
63.36
17.28
0.00
0.00
74.88
0.00
37.44
0.00
0.00
D
Angin Kanan
Tarik (+)
49.40
31.80
14.20
0.00
38.20
23.40
8.00
0.00
287.60
287.60
236.88
186.62
94.32
52.44
8.44
8.44
62.60
90.00
123.40
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
17.10
0.00
0.00
0.00
D
Angin Kanan
Tekan (-)
0.00
0.00
0.00
3.40
0.00
0.00
0.00
6.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
104.40
76.20
52.60
0.00
37.22
74.88
0.00
63.51
32.10
0.00
A+B
Tarik (+)
Tekan (-)
0.00
3129.50
0.00
2688.00
0.00
2246.50
0.00
1805.00
0.00
1805.00
0.00
2246.50
0.00
2688.00
0.00
3129.50
2503.60
0.00
2150.40
0.00
1797.16
0.00
1444.00
0.00
1444.00
0.00
1797.16
0.00
2150.40
0.00
2503.60
0.00
0.00
441.50
0.00
636.50
0.00
868.00
0.00
868.00
0.00
636.50
0.00
441.50
0.00
0.00
265.20
0.00
528.86
0.00
1582.33
0.00
528.86
0.00
265.20
0.00
0.00
0.00
Kombinasi Pembebanan
A+C
Tarik (+)
Tekan (-)
0.00
2552.00
8.80
2188.00
23.60
1830.00
38.40
1472.00
0.00
1475.00
14.60
1830.00
32.00
2188.00
49.40
2546.00
2291.86
0.00
2005.46
0.00
1676.86
0.00
1348.26
0.00
1255.92
0.00
1492.40
0.00
1750.40
21.52
2036.80
21.52
0.00
410.80
0.00
592.00
0.00
808.00
123.00
704.00
90.00
516.00
62.40
358.00
0.00
0.00
215.00
31.16
428.60
63.36
1299.88
0.00
428.60
74.88
215.00
37.44
0.00
0.00
A+D
Tarik (+)
Tekan (-)
49.40
2546.00
31.80
2188.00
14.20
1830.00
0.00
1475.40
38.20
1472.00
23.40
1830.00
8.00
2188.00
0.00
2552.00
2324.40
0.00
2038.00
0.00
1700.88
0.00
1364.22
0.00
1271.92
0.00
1516.44
0.00
1758.84
0.00
2045.24
0.00
62.60
358.00
90.00
516.00
123.40
704.00
0.00
808.40
0.00
592.20
0.00
410.60
0.00
0.00
215.00
37.22
428.60
74.88
1299.70
0.00
428.60
63.51
215.00
32.10
0.00
0.00
Nilai Ekstrim
Tarik (+)
49.40
31.80
23.60
38.40
38.20
23.40
32.00
49.40
2503.60
2150.40
1797.16
1444.00
1444.00
1797.16
2150.40
2503.60
62.60
90.00
123.40
123.00
90.00
62.40
0.00
265.20
528.86
1582.33
528.86
265.20
0.00
Nilai Ekstrim
Tekan (-)
3129.50
2688.00
2246.50
1805.00
1805.00
2246.50
2688.00
3129.50
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
21.52
21.52
441.50
636.50
868.00
868.00
636.50
441.50
0.00
37.22
74.88
0.00
74.88
37.44
0.00
Beban Design
Tarik (+)
Tekan (-)
49.40
3129.50
2503.60
21.52
123.40
868.00
1582.33
74.88
MENDIMENSI BATANG
1) batang atas (tekan)
diketahui :
P max = 3129.50 kg
Lk = 2.5 m
diambil tinggi balok (h) =
3.1295
ton
14 cm
b=8cm
h=14cm
Fbr
i min
=
=
=
=
b
8
h
14
0.289
0.289
=
h
14
112 cm
4.046
cm
Lk
250
=
= 61.7894
i min
4.046
karena nilai 61.7894 tidak ada dalam tabel PKKI maka dilakukan interpolasi :
tk kelas I
61
1.69
77
61.7894
62
1.70
77
*) =
*) tk =
ytj
=
=
=
1.69
77
61.7894
62
61.7894
62
P max
Fbr
3129.50 1.697894
112
47.4425 < tk ijin ..
61
61
61
61
OK !!!
1.70
1.69
1.697894
77
77
77
8
10
P max
Fn =
tr ijin
Fbr = 1.25 Fn
syarat :
Fbr
25.6779
h=10cm
b=8cm
=
=
=
<
<
80 cm
2503.60
=
121.875
1.25 20.5424
20.5424
=
cm
25.6779 cm
F
80
..
0.868
OK !!!
ton
16 cm
b=10cm
h=14cm
Fbr
i min
=
=
=
=
b
10
h
16
0.289
0.289
=
h
16
160 cm
4.624
cm
Lk
492.4429
=
= 106.4972
i min
4.624
karena nilai 106.4972 tidak ada dalam tabel PKKI maka dilakukan interpolasi :
tk kelas I
106
3.43
38
106.4972
107
3.50
37
*) =
3.43
*) tk = 38
+
+
106.4972
107
106.4972
107
106
106
106
106
3.50
3.43
3.464802
37
38
37.50284
ytj
=
=
=
P max
Fbr
868.00
3.464802
160
18.79655 < tk ijin ..
OK !!!
8
10
P max
Fn =
tr ijin
Fbr = 1.25 Fn
syarat :
Fbr
16.2290
h=10cm
b=8cm
=
=
=
<
<
80 cm
1582.33
=
121.875
1.25 12.9832
12.9832
cm
16.2290 cm
F
80
..
OK !!!
M
a4
'
a4
N
a3
'
a3
K
d3
a2
v2
d3'
v3
J
a1
v4
v3'
a2
'
d2'
d2
v2'
d1
b1
v1'
b2
a1
'
d1'
v1
b3
b4
b4'
b3'
b2'
b1'
a. titik buhul A
a1 = 3129,50 kg
A
b1 = 2503,60 kg
sa1 = 3129.50 kg
sb1 = 2503.60 kg
= 365211,64
sin = 0.600
cos = 0.800
tk// = 121.875 kg
tk
37.5
kg
cos
0.800
jadi gigi yang kedua (tv2) dapat mendukung gaya (S) sebesar :
S2a1 = ts2
b
tk
= 3
8
71.25
=
1710
kg
untuk gigi pertama (tv1) dapat mendukung gaya (S) sebesar :
S1a1 = Sa1
S2a1
=
3130
1710
=
1420
kg
maka :
s1a1
cos 1/2
1419.50
0.900
tv1 =
=
=
tk 1/2
b
95.19328
8
syarat :
ts2
tv1
1 cm
3
2
1 cm
1
1 cm .. OK !!!
panjang kayu muka :
// = 18.75
kg
s1a1
cos
1419.50
0.800
Lv1 =
=
=
//
b
18.75
8
Sa1
cos
3129.50
0.800
Lv2 =
=
=
//
b
18.75
8
cm
1.7569
3
cm
1.6776
2
cm
cm
7.5707
8
cm
cm
cm
16.6907 cm
17 cm
b. titik buhul C
v1 = 0,000 kg
b1 = 2503,60 kg
v1 =
0.00
kg
b1 = 2503.60 kg
b2 = 2150.40 kg
=
90
sin = 1.000
b1 = b2 =
8
dipakai baut 5/6" =
2.12
cm
b2 = 2150,40 kg
2
min
424
=
=
339.2
kg
431.4624 kg
buah
c. titik buhul D
v2 = 265,20 kg
d1 = 441,50 kg
b2 = 2150,40 kg
b3 = 1797,16 kg
d1 = 441.50 kg
v2 = 265.20 kg
b2 = 2150.40 kg
b3 = 1797.16 kg
=
36.8699
sin = 0.600
b2 = b3 = 8
; b' =
4
dipakai baut 5/6" =
2.12
678.4
kg
2713.6
kg
1380.68 kg
buah
cm
d. titik buhul E
v3 = 528,86 kg
d2 = 636,50 kg
b3 = 1797,16 kg
b4 = 1444,00 kg
d2 = 636.50 kg
v3 = 528.86 kg
b3 = 1797.16 kg
b4 = 1444.00 kg
=
56.3099
sin = 0.832
b3 = b4 = 8
; b' =
4
dipakai baut 5/6" =
2.12
530.8162 kg
2123.265 kg
1080.317 kg
cm
buah
e. titik buhul J
a2 = 2688,00 kg
a1 = 3129,50 kg
d1 = 441,50 kg
a1 = 3129.50
a2 = 2688.00
v1 =
0.00
d1 = 441.50
=
90
sin = 1.000
b1 = b2 =
8
dipakai baut 5/6" =
kg
kg
kg
kg
2.12
v1 = 0,000 kg
2
min
424
339.2
kg
203.52
kg
buah
cm
f. titik buhul K
a3 = 2246,50 kg
a2 = 2688,00 kg
d2 = 636,50 kg
a2 = 2688.00
a3 = 2246.50
v2 = 265.20
d2 = 636.50
=
90
sin = 1.000
b2 = b3 = 8
;
dipakai baut 5/6" =
kg
kg
kg
kg
b' =
4
2.12
cm
v2 = 265,20 kg
424
kg
1696
kg
862.9248 kg
buah
g. titik buhul L
a4 = 1805,00 kg
a3 = 2246,50 kg
d3 = 868,00 kg
a3 = 2246.50
a4 = 1805.00
v3 = 528.86
d3 = 868.00
=
90
sin = 1.000
b3 = b4 = 8
;
dipakai baut 5/6" =
kg
kg
kg
kg
b' =
4
2.12
v3 = 528,86 kg
424
kg
1696
kg
buah
862.9248 kg
cm
h. titik buhul M
M
a4' = 1805,00 kg
a4 = 1805,00 kg
v4 = 1582,33 kg
sa4 =
sa4' =
sv4 =
=
sin =
cos =
tk// =
tk
1805.00 kg
1805.00 kg
1582.33 kg
530748,36
0.800
0.600
121.875 kg
37.5
kg
cos
0.600
jadi gigi yang kedua (tv2) dapat mendukung gaya (S) sebesar :
S2a1 = ts2
b
tk
= 3
8
54.375
=
1305
kg
untuk gigi pertama (tv1) dapat mendukung gaya (S) sebesar :
S1a1 = Sa1
S2a1
=
1805
1305
=
500
kg
maka :
s1a1
cos 1/2
500.00
0.800
tv1 =
=
=
tk 1/2
b
84.14135
8
syarat :
ts2
tv1
1 cm
3
2
1 cm
1
1 cm .. OK !!!
cm
1.2950
3
cm
cm
0.5942
2
53.1301
cm
cm
Sa1
//
kg
cos
b
cos
b
500.00
18.75
0.600
8
1805.00
18.75
0.600
8
=
=
buah
2.0000
7.2200
440.96
cm
cm
cm
kg
560.9011 kg
cm