Videos by حسن کاظم نژنداصل Hassan KazemNezhandasl
23 Byzantine gold coins were discovered during an archeological excavation program from one of th... more 23 Byzantine gold coins were discovered during an archeological excavation program from one of the archeological trenches for restoration work.
۲۳ سکه طلای بیزانس در برنامه حفاری باستانشناسی به منظور اجرای برنامه های مرمتی از یکی از ترانشه های باستان شناسی کشف شد. 11 views
Papers by حسن کاظم نژنداصل Hassan KazemNezhandasl
Research Square (Research Square), Jan 31, 2024
The extensive damage in icted by human factors on the western wall of Bakhtak Leilan Castle promp... more The extensive damage in icted by human factors on the western wall of Bakhtak Leilan Castle prompted the Ministry of Cultural Heritage and Tourism of Iran to initiate an excavation plan. This plan aimed to assess the extent of destruction and facilitate restoration efforts, incorporating the site into its list of priority programs. Excavations conducted at the site unveiled the wall along with two historical towers from the ancient Parthian era. Additionally, a diverse array of pottery spanning the Parthian and Sassanid periods was uncovered. Notably, the excavation program in Trench G5 yielded gold coins dating back to the Byzantine period, attributed to Constantine X. The discovery of these Byzantine coins raises intriguing questions about their presence at this site. It prompts inquiries into their historical context, possibly shedding light on signi cant events such as the Byzantine Empire's military campaigns and wars in the Azerbaijan region.
researchgate, 2024
Qizlarqalasi Bonab stands as one of the pivotal fortresses from the Mannaean period in the Azarba... more Qizlarqalasi Bonab stands as one of the pivotal fortresses from the Mannaean period in the Azarbaijan region. Situated to the south of Bonab city, it rests upon one of the satellite hills of Qara Qoshun Bonab Mountain on the western slope. This castle attained recognition as a National Monument of Iran on October 21, 20 00, bearing registration number 3095. The initial study of Bonab's Qizlarqalasi was conducted by Mr. Stuart Swiny, who, in his article "Northwestern Iran" (1971), presented several surface pottery fragments from Qizlarqalasi. He underscored the castle's significance, likening its geographical placement to that of Ziwiye (Swiny 1971: 51). During the surface survey of Qizlarqalasi, fragments of first-millennium BC Mannaean and Urartian pottery were discovered. Among these findings, tulip-type pottery dating back to the Mannaean period emerged as a significant focus of the castle's surface review project, undergoing thorough study and analysis. Furthermore, various historical artifacts, including iron arrows, stone beads, metal objects, and ornaments, were collected from the slopes and historical site of Qizlarqalasi during the archaeological review.
researchgate, 2024
The extensive damage in icted by human factors on the western wall of Bakhtak Leilan Castle promp... more The extensive damage in icted by human factors on the western wall of Bakhtak Leilan Castle prompted the Ministry of Cultural Heritage and Tourism of Iran to initiate an excavation plan. This plan aimed to assess the extent of destruction and facilitate restoration efforts, incorporating the site into its list of priority programs. Excavations conducted at the site unveiled the wall along with two historical towers from the ancient Parthian era. Additionally, a diverse array of pottery spanning the Parthian and Sassanid periods was uncovered. Notably, the excavation program in Trench G5 yielded gold coins dating back to the Byzantine period, attributed to Constantine X. The discovery of these Byzantine coins raises intriguing questions about their presence at this site. It prompts inquiries into their historical context, possibly shedding light on signi cant events such as the Byzantine Empire's military campaigns and wars in the Azerbaijan region.
Bastanshenakht , 2023
Archaeological survey of Mannai Qizlarqalasi castle in Benab,page 81
Journal of Archaeology, Unde... more Archaeological survey of Mannai Qizlarqalasi castle in Benab,page 81
Journal of Archaeology, Under the supervision of: Scientific Association of Department of Archeology of Mohaghegh Ardabili University
Akhtar, 2023
The following book written under the name "Binab's Famous Figures " is dedicated to the noble peo... more The following book written under the name "Binab's Famous Figures " is dedicated to the noble people of Benab as a rich and rich gift of the historical figures of the Binab region.
The historical figures introduced in this book are classified according to the historical periods 1- Ilkhanid, 2- Safavide, 3- Afshariyyah, 4- Qajar and 5- Contemporary, based on the available documents and sources. .
The reason why the book was divided into these historical periods is because of the existing historical documents, which will increase the volume of this book with the discovery of new manuscripts and historical documents, and this book publication is only the first step in this great way.
The historical figures introduced in the book are a collection of people who were born in Binab city, whether urban or rural, and for this reason, I hope that it will be a document for all the people of Binab to get to know their ancestors better and find their historical identity. to take
With its 7000-year history, the Binab plain is considered one of the oldest parts of the country and the region of Azerbaijan, and the hills and historical monuments remaining from thousands of years ago are indicative of the historical antiquity of this region. The Benab Plain was mentioned in the first millennium BC with the historical names Uish Dish and Subi in the Assyrian inscriptions during the campaigns of Sargon II to this state of Mannai. From the historical places of Binab) 2-Buyuk Oish 3-Balaioish 4-Izoish 5-Dosh and 6-Supi Qan or Subi Qan (the name of one of the ancient hills belonging to the Manna civilization period) are used.
The Binab region in the Islamic historical period also has a glorious history that the great role of the men of Binab in the construction of ancient buildings and development of the city of Binab and its villages is clearly visible. These historical buildings include caravanserais, bridges, mosques, houses, baths, schools, cemeteries, etc., which were built during these several centuries of history, which show the development and economic prosperity of Binab in different historical periods. Some of these historical works are still left and unfortunately, most of them have been neglected and destroyed one by one.
Among the works whose creator's name remains on them and are still called by these names, this building can be mentioned: 1- Historical baths of Haj Fethullah, Haj Taqi and Qazi (Seif Ulamai Banab) 2 - The historical mosques of Suleiman Sultan, Ismail Bey, Haji Bigler, Agha Salim, Mir Ahmad, Haj Reza 3- Caravanserai of Haj Ali, Bogdachi, Farmanfarma, Satarauf, Galakti (most of these caravanserai have been destroyed in recent decades, their number is 40 The number is reaching and the only remaining of these caravansaries is the Haj Taqi Caravanserai located in Demirchi Bazar Binab whose ruins can be restored and restored.
In this section, I would like to express my special thanks to each and every person who collaborated in the publication of this book: Mr. Dr. Razavipour, the former president of Islamic Azad University, Binab branch, for translating the Arabic texts in the book, and Mr. Abbas Qoli, Kazem Najandasal, for providing all the library resources. In order to be used in the book, I would like to express my gratitude to Mr. Amir Taghipour in collecting the historical names of Shahr-Binab and Mr. Mohammad Amin Aghdasi Rad for their support and cooperation and to many others who have helped in this way in some way. I have.
I am also very grateful to my beloved wife, Mrs. Neda Shahbazanezhand, who has always been my friend and helper during this time and kept alive the motivation and spirit to continue writing the book.
As a last word, I hope that this book will be appreciated by its readers and that the citizens of Binab will help to enrich this book by providing historical documents related to the famous people and history of Binab.
Hassan Kazemnezhandasl
June 2023
Historical researches of Azerbaijan, 2022
Qizlarqalasi Binab is one of the most important fortresses of the Mannaean period in the Azarbaij... more Qizlarqalasi Binab is one of the most important fortresses of the Mannaean period in the Azarbaijan region which is located in the south of Binab city and on one of the satellite hills of qara qoshun Binab Mountain on the western side of the mountain.
This castle is registered in the list of National Monuments of Iran on 2000 / 10 / 21 with registration number 3095. The first study of Binab's qizlarqalasi was carried out by Mr. Stuart Swiny, who introduced in his article, Northwestern Iran (1971), several pieces of surface qizlarqalasi pottery, and said of the importance of this castle: It is a small castle site with a position of a geographical location comparable to ziwiye'(Swiny 1971: 51).
During the surface survey of this castle, fragments of the first millennium BC, Manna and Urartu pottery were sampled. Among these samples, tulip type pottery belonging to the Manna period were sampled.
پژوهش های تاریخی آذربایجان, 2022
Historical researches of Azerbaijan2022 - پژوهش های تاریخی آذربایجان،
فصلنامه در زمینه تاریخ(اخ... more Historical researches of Azerbaijan2022 - پژوهش های تاریخی آذربایجان،
فصلنامه در زمینه تاریخ(اختصاصی)، سال اول، شماره اول، تابستان ۱۴۰۱,
Qizlarqalasi Bonab is one of the most important fortresses of the Mannaean period in the Azarbaijan region which is located in the south of Bonab city and on one of the satellite hills of qara qoshun Bonab Mountain on the western side of the mountain.
This castle is registered in the list of National Monuments of Iran on 2000 / 10 / 21 with registration number 3095. The first study of Bonab's qizlarqalasi was carried out by Mr. Stuart Swiny, who introduced in his article, Northwestern Iran (1971), several pieces of surface qizlarqalasi pottery, and said of the importance of this castle: It is a small castle site with a position of a geographical location comparable to ziwiye'(Swiny 1971: 51).
During the surface survey of this castle, fragments of the first millennium BC, Manna and Urartu pottery were sampled. Among these samples, tulip type pottery belonging to the Manna period were sampled.
بررسی باستانشناختی قلعه ماننایی قیزلارقالاسی بناب
قیزلارقالاسی بناب به عنوان یکی از مهمترین قلاع دوره حکومت دولت ماننا در منطقه آذربایجان می باشد که در جنوب شهرستان بناب و بر روی یکی از تپه های اقماری کوه قره قشون بناب در ضلع غربی این کوه بنا گردیده است.
این قلعه در تاریخ 17 / 11 / 1379 و به شماره ثبت 3095 در فهرست آثار ملی ایران به ثبت رسیده است. اولین بررسی در مورد قیزلارقالاسی بناب را آقای استوارت سوئینی به انجام رسانیده است که ایشان در مقاله خویش بنام بررسی شمال غرب ایران(1971) به معرفی چند قطعه سفال سطحی قیزلارقالاسی پرداخته و در خصوص اهمیت این قلعه گفته: « این محوطه قلعه کوچکی با موقعیت سوق الجیشی و قابل مقایسه با زیویه است»(سوئینی 1971: 51).
در طی برنامه بررسی سطحی این قلعه، قطعه سفالهای نوع خاکستری هزاره اول ق.م، سفالهای ماننایی و اورارتویی نمونه برداری گردیده که در بین این نمونه سفال ها، سفال نوع گل لاله ای متعلق به دوره حکومت دولت ماننا از مهمترین سفالهای شاخص مکشوفه از سطح این قلعه می باشد که مورد بررسی و طراحی قرار گرفته است.
همچنین از سطح قلعه، دامنه و محوطه تاریخی قیزلارقالاسی بناب چندین اشیاء تاریخی که شامل پیکانهای آهنی، منجوق های سنگی، اشیاء فلزی و مهره های تزئینی در طی بررسیهای باستانشناختی کشف و جمع آوری گردیده است.
The first national conference on archaeology and ite interaction with related science, 2019
Qizlarqalasi Bonab is one of the most important fortresses of the Mannaean period in the Azarbaij... more Qizlarqalasi Bonab is one of the most important fortresses of the Mannaean period in the Azarbaijan region which is located in the south of Bonab city and on one of the satellite hills of qara qoshun Bonab Mountain on the western side of the mountain.
This castle is registered in the list of National Monuments of Iran on 2000 / 10 / 21 with registration number 3095. The first study of Bonab's qizlarqalasi was carried out by Mr. Stuart Swiny, who introduced in his article, Northwestern Iran (1971), several pieces of surface qizlarqalasi pottery, and said of the importance of this castle: It is a small castle site with a position of a geographical location comparable to ziwiye'(Swiny 1971: 51).
During the surface survey of this castle, fragments of the first millennium BC, Manna and Urartu pottery were sampled. Among these samples, tulip type pottery belonging to the Manna period were sampled.
بررسی باستانشناختی قلعه ماننایی قیزلارقالاسی بناب
قیزلارقالاسی بناب به عنوان یکی از مهمترین قلاع دوره حکومت دولت ماننا در منطقه آذربایجان می باشد که در جنوب شهرستان بناب و بر روی یکی از تپه های اقماری کوه قره قشون بناب در ضلع غربی این کوه بنا گردیده است.
این قلعه در تاریخ 17 / 11 / 1379 و به شماره ثبت 3095 در فهرست آثار ملی ایران به ثبت رسیده است. اولین بررسی در مورد قیزلارقالاسی بناب را آقای استوارت سوئینی به انجام رسانیده است که ایشان در مقاله خویش بنام بررسی شمال غرب ایران(1971) به معرفی چند قطعه سفال سطحی قیزلارقالاسی پرداخته و در خصوص اهمیت این قلعه گفته: « این محوطه قلعه کوچکی با موقعیت سوق الجیشی و قابل مقایسه با زیویه است»(سوئینی 1971: 51).
در طی برنامه بررسی سطحی این قلعه، قطعه سفالهای نوع خاکستری هزاره اول ق.م، سفالهای ماننایی و اورارتویی نمونه برداری گردیده که در بین این نمونه سفال ها، سفال نوع گل لاله ای متعلق به دوره حکومت دولت ماننا از مهمترین سفالهای شاخص مکشوفه از سطح این قلعه می باشد که مورد بررسی و طراحی قرار گرفته است.
همچنین از سطح قلعه، دامنه و محوطه تاریخی قیزلارقالاسی بناب چندین اشیاء تاریخی که شامل پیکانهای آهنی، منجوق های سنگی، اشیاء فلزی و مهره های تزئینی در طی بررسیهای باستانشناختی کشف و جمع آوری گردیده است.
Investigating coins of the Byzantine archetypes from Bakhtak Leilan castle
Leilan is located on t... more Investigating coins of the Byzantine archetypes from Bakhtak Leilan castle
Leilan is located on the southern side of Malakan city, 160 km from the center of the East Azarbaijan province.
The historic castle of Bakhtak, located in Lilan with over 50 hectares, is one of the largest sites of the Parthian and Sasanian periods in East Azarbaijan province. The discovery of 23 coins of the Byzantine Empire during the reign of the western side of the castle of Bakhtak Leilan has added to the historic significance of this huge enclosure.
The historic castle of Bakhtak has been registered on the 2780 record in the National Iranian Book List, and the first archaeological studies of this place have been performed by Mr. Wolfram Klies.
During the studies to date these coins, it was discovered that these coins belong to Constantine Tenth (1059-1067) and Romans IV the Byzantine emperor Diogenes (1068-1071) (Romans IV was the Cappadocian military nobleman and It was the date of the rule of the Seljuk regime (1194 AD) and the age of wars between the Seljuk and Byzantine states, the famous contemporary battle of the history of multiplying these coins, "the military commander was in the time of Constantine Tenth Ducas." The incident took place in 463 AH / 1071 AD between the Alb Arsalan Sultan Seljuqi and Romanus Diogenes of the Byzantine emperor, and in Hyatt victory of Alp Arslan, it was. " This war is known as the "Malazgerd war" because it was near the Malazgerd area.
explain about binab city tradition knife . binab city knives have similiraity with ancient knives... more explain about binab city tradition knife . binab city knives have similiraity with ancient knives that found in hasanlu iron II.
Abstract:
Iron Age III as one of the most important historical periods discussed in Iran, has bee... more Abstract:
Iron Age III as one of the most important historical periods discussed in Iran, has been the attention of many archaeologists. Iron Age III period IS 800-550 BC, and archaeologists Hasanlu IVB destruction by Urartians as the source of the Iron Age III dating. Dyson divided Iron Age III into old and new periods . Settlements belonging to the Iron Age III in the area of West Lake Urmia analyzed by archaeologists but iron age III occupations of the south-east of Lake Urmia less explored, therefore lack of information led to research in order to illuminate the darkness of this subject . studied locals in this research is southeast of Lake Urmia, Iron Age Region III settlements that situated in Binab city desert, therefore 5 settlements of Binabs iron age III settlement selected for researching. During the studied for examination and sampling of settlements surface pottery, what is more important is that the samples of buff potteries numbers are more against gray pottery and urartians red pottery numbers. One of important pottery of Binab deserts iron age III settlement is mannaean triangle pottery. Binab settlements buff pottery are comparable with other famous settlements pottery such as : Hasanlu IV and III, Dynkhaahtepe ,aqrabtepe , Ziviyeh,zindan e soleiman , Godin tepe II and else… .
Magnificent Chehelstons of Bonab city
Author: Hassan KazemNezhandasal
Research on Bonab mosques ... more Magnificent Chehelstons of Bonab city
Author: Hassan KazemNezhandasal
Research on Bonab mosques has been considered by many archaeologists and architects for many years, but the exact date of construction of these buildings has not been determined due to lack of archeological excavations and the date that is often considered for this building is the historical period of Safavid era. One of the points that should be considered for a careful study of these mosques is the variety of wooden Mogharnas of Bonab mosques, which shows the gradual evolution of these Mogharnas in different historical periods. So that by counting the heads of the mosques of Bonab, we are faced with the multiplicity of the diversity of the heads of about fifty. If we pay attention, during the Safavid rule, the possibility of building such different buildings is far from the truth. If we pay attention to the architecture of Isfahan's buildings such as Chehelston, Hasht Behesht and Aali Qapi, we see that the capitals used in these buildings are more imitations of the capitals of Ismail Bey Bonab Mosque, the variety of Mogharnas of these buildings is about 2-3 types.
Be Considering that the city of Isfahan was chosen as the capital of the powerful Safavid government, we do not encounter a variety of Mogharnas in the buildings of this city, such as the Bonab mosques. Schila beller and Jonathan M. Bloom wrote in the book Islamic Architecture about the construction of mosques with wooden columns :
"In the center and east of Anatolia, which was the heart of Roman Seljuk territory, the Seljuk tradition was deeper and the Seljuk style continued during the reign of the seljuk kings. Construction of mosques with wooden shabestans , characteristic of the Seljuk era, continued.
Bayshahri Mosque, which was built in 1299 AD / 699 AH by Ashraf Oglu Suleiman Bek (d. 1301-1296 AD / 701-696 AH). This is the largest and most original example of this type.
Construction of mosques with wooden columns and Mogharnas has also become popular in Maragheh, Ajabshir and Azarshahr cities. The area of construction of wooden mosques can be considered as the southern region of Azerbaijan. The construction of wooden mosques in Anatolia, Turkey during the Seljuk period, similar to the Bonab mosques, reveals vague historical points about the wooden mosques of Azerbaijan.
In this section, several important points are stated that are very significant:
1- Lack of construction inscriptions except in Mehrabad mosque in other wooden mosques
2- Variety of Mogharnas of mosques in Bonab and the region in comparison with the buildings of Isfahan and ...
3- The time interval of about 3 centuries in the construction of Seljuk wooden mosques in Anatolia, Turkey with Bonab mosques, which according to the only inscription that is available in Mehrabad Mosque of Bonab on 951 AH.
4- Painting a mosque with 4 minarets and 3 domes similar to mosques such as Aya Sophia on the top of the pillar of Zargaran Bonab Mosque
5- Considering the simplicity of the construction of wooden mosques in Bonab and its suburbs and considering the migration of Seljuks from Iran to Turkey, it is possible that Bonab wooden mosques were the source and origin of the construction of wooden mosques in Anatolia, Turkey.
مطالعه و بررسی ایزدان یونان - The study of Greek gods
traditional irigation style in binab city
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Videos by حسن کاظم نژنداصل Hassan KazemNezhandasl
۲۳ سکه طلای بیزانس در برنامه حفاری باستانشناسی به منظور اجرای برنامه های مرمتی از یکی از ترانشه های باستان شناسی کشف شد.
Papers by حسن کاظم نژنداصل Hassan KazemNezhandasl
Journal of Archaeology, Under the supervision of: Scientific Association of Department of Archeology of Mohaghegh Ardabili University
The historical figures introduced in this book are classified according to the historical periods 1- Ilkhanid, 2- Safavide, 3- Afshariyyah, 4- Qajar and 5- Contemporary, based on the available documents and sources. .
The reason why the book was divided into these historical periods is because of the existing historical documents, which will increase the volume of this book with the discovery of new manuscripts and historical documents, and this book publication is only the first step in this great way.
The historical figures introduced in the book are a collection of people who were born in Binab city, whether urban or rural, and for this reason, I hope that it will be a document for all the people of Binab to get to know their ancestors better and find their historical identity. to take
With its 7000-year history, the Binab plain is considered one of the oldest parts of the country and the region of Azerbaijan, and the hills and historical monuments remaining from thousands of years ago are indicative of the historical antiquity of this region. The Benab Plain was mentioned in the first millennium BC with the historical names Uish Dish and Subi in the Assyrian inscriptions during the campaigns of Sargon II to this state of Mannai. From the historical places of Binab) 2-Buyuk Oish 3-Balaioish 4-Izoish 5-Dosh and 6-Supi Qan or Subi Qan (the name of one of the ancient hills belonging to the Manna civilization period) are used.
The Binab region in the Islamic historical period also has a glorious history that the great role of the men of Binab in the construction of ancient buildings and development of the city of Binab and its villages is clearly visible. These historical buildings include caravanserais, bridges, mosques, houses, baths, schools, cemeteries, etc., which were built during these several centuries of history, which show the development and economic prosperity of Binab in different historical periods. Some of these historical works are still left and unfortunately, most of them have been neglected and destroyed one by one.
Among the works whose creator's name remains on them and are still called by these names, this building can be mentioned: 1- Historical baths of Haj Fethullah, Haj Taqi and Qazi (Seif Ulamai Banab) 2 - The historical mosques of Suleiman Sultan, Ismail Bey, Haji Bigler, Agha Salim, Mir Ahmad, Haj Reza 3- Caravanserai of Haj Ali, Bogdachi, Farmanfarma, Satarauf, Galakti (most of these caravanserai have been destroyed in recent decades, their number is 40 The number is reaching and the only remaining of these caravansaries is the Haj Taqi Caravanserai located in Demirchi Bazar Binab whose ruins can be restored and restored.
In this section, I would like to express my special thanks to each and every person who collaborated in the publication of this book: Mr. Dr. Razavipour, the former president of Islamic Azad University, Binab branch, for translating the Arabic texts in the book, and Mr. Abbas Qoli, Kazem Najandasal, for providing all the library resources. In order to be used in the book, I would like to express my gratitude to Mr. Amir Taghipour in collecting the historical names of Shahr-Binab and Mr. Mohammad Amin Aghdasi Rad for their support and cooperation and to many others who have helped in this way in some way. I have.
I am also very grateful to my beloved wife, Mrs. Neda Shahbazanezhand, who has always been my friend and helper during this time and kept alive the motivation and spirit to continue writing the book.
As a last word, I hope that this book will be appreciated by its readers and that the citizens of Binab will help to enrich this book by providing historical documents related to the famous people and history of Binab.
Hassan Kazemnezhandasl
June 2023
This castle is registered in the list of National Monuments of Iran on 2000 / 10 / 21 with registration number 3095. The first study of Binab's qizlarqalasi was carried out by Mr. Stuart Swiny, who introduced in his article, Northwestern Iran (1971), several pieces of surface qizlarqalasi pottery, and said of the importance of this castle: It is a small castle site with a position of a geographical location comparable to ziwiye'(Swiny 1971: 51).
During the surface survey of this castle, fragments of the first millennium BC, Manna and Urartu pottery were sampled. Among these samples, tulip type pottery belonging to the Manna period were sampled.
فصلنامه در زمینه تاریخ(اختصاصی)، سال اول، شماره اول، تابستان ۱۴۰۱,
Qizlarqalasi Bonab is one of the most important fortresses of the Mannaean period in the Azarbaijan region which is located in the south of Bonab city and on one of the satellite hills of qara qoshun Bonab Mountain on the western side of the mountain.
This castle is registered in the list of National Monuments of Iran on 2000 / 10 / 21 with registration number 3095. The first study of Bonab's qizlarqalasi was carried out by Mr. Stuart Swiny, who introduced in his article, Northwestern Iran (1971), several pieces of surface qizlarqalasi pottery, and said of the importance of this castle: It is a small castle site with a position of a geographical location comparable to ziwiye'(Swiny 1971: 51).
During the surface survey of this castle, fragments of the first millennium BC, Manna and Urartu pottery were sampled. Among these samples, tulip type pottery belonging to the Manna period were sampled.
بررسی باستانشناختی قلعه ماننایی قیزلارقالاسی بناب
قیزلارقالاسی بناب به عنوان یکی از مهمترین قلاع دوره حکومت دولت ماننا در منطقه آذربایجان می باشد که در جنوب شهرستان بناب و بر روی یکی از تپه های اقماری کوه قره قشون بناب در ضلع غربی این کوه بنا گردیده است.
این قلعه در تاریخ 17 / 11 / 1379 و به شماره ثبت 3095 در فهرست آثار ملی ایران به ثبت رسیده است. اولین بررسی در مورد قیزلارقالاسی بناب را آقای استوارت سوئینی به انجام رسانیده است که ایشان در مقاله خویش بنام بررسی شمال غرب ایران(1971) به معرفی چند قطعه سفال سطحی قیزلارقالاسی پرداخته و در خصوص اهمیت این قلعه گفته: « این محوطه قلعه کوچکی با موقعیت سوق الجیشی و قابل مقایسه با زیویه است»(سوئینی 1971: 51).
در طی برنامه بررسی سطحی این قلعه، قطعه سفالهای نوع خاکستری هزاره اول ق.م، سفالهای ماننایی و اورارتویی نمونه برداری گردیده که در بین این نمونه سفال ها، سفال نوع گل لاله ای متعلق به دوره حکومت دولت ماننا از مهمترین سفالهای شاخص مکشوفه از سطح این قلعه می باشد که مورد بررسی و طراحی قرار گرفته است.
همچنین از سطح قلعه، دامنه و محوطه تاریخی قیزلارقالاسی بناب چندین اشیاء تاریخی که شامل پیکانهای آهنی، منجوق های سنگی، اشیاء فلزی و مهره های تزئینی در طی بررسیهای باستانشناختی کشف و جمع آوری گردیده است.
This castle is registered in the list of National Monuments of Iran on 2000 / 10 / 21 with registration number 3095. The first study of Bonab's qizlarqalasi was carried out by Mr. Stuart Swiny, who introduced in his article, Northwestern Iran (1971), several pieces of surface qizlarqalasi pottery, and said of the importance of this castle: It is a small castle site with a position of a geographical location comparable to ziwiye'(Swiny 1971: 51).
During the surface survey of this castle, fragments of the first millennium BC, Manna and Urartu pottery were sampled. Among these samples, tulip type pottery belonging to the Manna period were sampled.
بررسی باستانشناختی قلعه ماننایی قیزلارقالاسی بناب
قیزلارقالاسی بناب به عنوان یکی از مهمترین قلاع دوره حکومت دولت ماننا در منطقه آذربایجان می باشد که در جنوب شهرستان بناب و بر روی یکی از تپه های اقماری کوه قره قشون بناب در ضلع غربی این کوه بنا گردیده است.
این قلعه در تاریخ 17 / 11 / 1379 و به شماره ثبت 3095 در فهرست آثار ملی ایران به ثبت رسیده است. اولین بررسی در مورد قیزلارقالاسی بناب را آقای استوارت سوئینی به انجام رسانیده است که ایشان در مقاله خویش بنام بررسی شمال غرب ایران(1971) به معرفی چند قطعه سفال سطحی قیزلارقالاسی پرداخته و در خصوص اهمیت این قلعه گفته: « این محوطه قلعه کوچکی با موقعیت سوق الجیشی و قابل مقایسه با زیویه است»(سوئینی 1971: 51).
در طی برنامه بررسی سطحی این قلعه، قطعه سفالهای نوع خاکستری هزاره اول ق.م، سفالهای ماننایی و اورارتویی نمونه برداری گردیده که در بین این نمونه سفال ها، سفال نوع گل لاله ای متعلق به دوره حکومت دولت ماننا از مهمترین سفالهای شاخص مکشوفه از سطح این قلعه می باشد که مورد بررسی و طراحی قرار گرفته است.
همچنین از سطح قلعه، دامنه و محوطه تاریخی قیزلارقالاسی بناب چندین اشیاء تاریخی که شامل پیکانهای آهنی، منجوق های سنگی، اشیاء فلزی و مهره های تزئینی در طی بررسیهای باستانشناختی کشف و جمع آوری گردیده است.
Leilan is located on the southern side of Malakan city, 160 km from the center of the East Azarbaijan province.
The historic castle of Bakhtak, located in Lilan with over 50 hectares, is one of the largest sites of the Parthian and Sasanian periods in East Azarbaijan province. The discovery of 23 coins of the Byzantine Empire during the reign of the western side of the castle of Bakhtak Leilan has added to the historic significance of this huge enclosure.
The historic castle of Bakhtak has been registered on the 2780 record in the National Iranian Book List, and the first archaeological studies of this place have been performed by Mr. Wolfram Klies.
During the studies to date these coins, it was discovered that these coins belong to Constantine Tenth (1059-1067) and Romans IV the Byzantine emperor Diogenes (1068-1071) (Romans IV was the Cappadocian military nobleman and It was the date of the rule of the Seljuk regime (1194 AD) and the age of wars between the Seljuk and Byzantine states, the famous contemporary battle of the history of multiplying these coins, "the military commander was in the time of Constantine Tenth Ducas." The incident took place in 463 AH / 1071 AD between the Alb Arsalan Sultan Seljuqi and Romanus Diogenes of the Byzantine emperor, and in Hyatt victory of Alp Arslan, it was. " This war is known as the "Malazgerd war" because it was near the Malazgerd area.
Iron Age III as one of the most important historical periods discussed in Iran, has been the attention of many archaeologists. Iron Age III period IS 800-550 BC, and archaeologists Hasanlu IVB destruction by Urartians as the source of the Iron Age III dating. Dyson divided Iron Age III into old and new periods . Settlements belonging to the Iron Age III in the area of West Lake Urmia analyzed by archaeologists but iron age III occupations of the south-east of Lake Urmia less explored, therefore lack of information led to research in order to illuminate the darkness of this subject . studied locals in this research is southeast of Lake Urmia, Iron Age Region III settlements that situated in Binab city desert, therefore 5 settlements of Binabs iron age III settlement selected for researching. During the studied for examination and sampling of settlements surface pottery, what is more important is that the samples of buff potteries numbers are more against gray pottery and urartians red pottery numbers. One of important pottery of Binab deserts iron age III settlement is mannaean triangle pottery. Binab settlements buff pottery are comparable with other famous settlements pottery such as : Hasanlu IV and III, Dynkhaahtepe ,aqrabtepe , Ziviyeh,zindan e soleiman , Godin tepe II and else… .
Author: Hassan KazemNezhandasal
Research on Bonab mosques has been considered by many archaeologists and architects for many years, but the exact date of construction of these buildings has not been determined due to lack of archeological excavations and the date that is often considered for this building is the historical period of Safavid era. One of the points that should be considered for a careful study of these mosques is the variety of wooden Mogharnas of Bonab mosques, which shows the gradual evolution of these Mogharnas in different historical periods. So that by counting the heads of the mosques of Bonab, we are faced with the multiplicity of the diversity of the heads of about fifty. If we pay attention, during the Safavid rule, the possibility of building such different buildings is far from the truth. If we pay attention to the architecture of Isfahan's buildings such as Chehelston, Hasht Behesht and Aali Qapi, we see that the capitals used in these buildings are more imitations of the capitals of Ismail Bey Bonab Mosque, the variety of Mogharnas of these buildings is about 2-3 types.
Be Considering that the city of Isfahan was chosen as the capital of the powerful Safavid government, we do not encounter a variety of Mogharnas in the buildings of this city, such as the Bonab mosques. Schila beller and Jonathan M. Bloom wrote in the book Islamic Architecture about the construction of mosques with wooden columns :
"In the center and east of Anatolia, which was the heart of Roman Seljuk territory, the Seljuk tradition was deeper and the Seljuk style continued during the reign of the seljuk kings. Construction of mosques with wooden shabestans , characteristic of the Seljuk era, continued.
Bayshahri Mosque, which was built in 1299 AD / 699 AH by Ashraf Oglu Suleiman Bek (d. 1301-1296 AD / 701-696 AH). This is the largest and most original example of this type.
Construction of mosques with wooden columns and Mogharnas has also become popular in Maragheh, Ajabshir and Azarshahr cities. The area of construction of wooden mosques can be considered as the southern region of Azerbaijan. The construction of wooden mosques in Anatolia, Turkey during the Seljuk period, similar to the Bonab mosques, reveals vague historical points about the wooden mosques of Azerbaijan.
In this section, several important points are stated that are very significant:
1- Lack of construction inscriptions except in Mehrabad mosque in other wooden mosques
2- Variety of Mogharnas of mosques in Bonab and the region in comparison with the buildings of Isfahan and ...
3- The time interval of about 3 centuries in the construction of Seljuk wooden mosques in Anatolia, Turkey with Bonab mosques, which according to the only inscription that is available in Mehrabad Mosque of Bonab on 951 AH.
4- Painting a mosque with 4 minarets and 3 domes similar to mosques such as Aya Sophia on the top of the pillar of Zargaran Bonab Mosque
5- Considering the simplicity of the construction of wooden mosques in Bonab and its suburbs and considering the migration of Seljuks from Iran to Turkey, it is possible that Bonab wooden mosques were the source and origin of the construction of wooden mosques in Anatolia, Turkey.
۲۳ سکه طلای بیزانس در برنامه حفاری باستانشناسی به منظور اجرای برنامه های مرمتی از یکی از ترانشه های باستان شناسی کشف شد.
Journal of Archaeology, Under the supervision of: Scientific Association of Department of Archeology of Mohaghegh Ardabili University
The historical figures introduced in this book are classified according to the historical periods 1- Ilkhanid, 2- Safavide, 3- Afshariyyah, 4- Qajar and 5- Contemporary, based on the available documents and sources. .
The reason why the book was divided into these historical periods is because of the existing historical documents, which will increase the volume of this book with the discovery of new manuscripts and historical documents, and this book publication is only the first step in this great way.
The historical figures introduced in the book are a collection of people who were born in Binab city, whether urban or rural, and for this reason, I hope that it will be a document for all the people of Binab to get to know their ancestors better and find their historical identity. to take
With its 7000-year history, the Binab plain is considered one of the oldest parts of the country and the region of Azerbaijan, and the hills and historical monuments remaining from thousands of years ago are indicative of the historical antiquity of this region. The Benab Plain was mentioned in the first millennium BC with the historical names Uish Dish and Subi in the Assyrian inscriptions during the campaigns of Sargon II to this state of Mannai. From the historical places of Binab) 2-Buyuk Oish 3-Balaioish 4-Izoish 5-Dosh and 6-Supi Qan or Subi Qan (the name of one of the ancient hills belonging to the Manna civilization period) are used.
The Binab region in the Islamic historical period also has a glorious history that the great role of the men of Binab in the construction of ancient buildings and development of the city of Binab and its villages is clearly visible. These historical buildings include caravanserais, bridges, mosques, houses, baths, schools, cemeteries, etc., which were built during these several centuries of history, which show the development and economic prosperity of Binab in different historical periods. Some of these historical works are still left and unfortunately, most of them have been neglected and destroyed one by one.
Among the works whose creator's name remains on them and are still called by these names, this building can be mentioned: 1- Historical baths of Haj Fethullah, Haj Taqi and Qazi (Seif Ulamai Banab) 2 - The historical mosques of Suleiman Sultan, Ismail Bey, Haji Bigler, Agha Salim, Mir Ahmad, Haj Reza 3- Caravanserai of Haj Ali, Bogdachi, Farmanfarma, Satarauf, Galakti (most of these caravanserai have been destroyed in recent decades, their number is 40 The number is reaching and the only remaining of these caravansaries is the Haj Taqi Caravanserai located in Demirchi Bazar Binab whose ruins can be restored and restored.
In this section, I would like to express my special thanks to each and every person who collaborated in the publication of this book: Mr. Dr. Razavipour, the former president of Islamic Azad University, Binab branch, for translating the Arabic texts in the book, and Mr. Abbas Qoli, Kazem Najandasal, for providing all the library resources. In order to be used in the book, I would like to express my gratitude to Mr. Amir Taghipour in collecting the historical names of Shahr-Binab and Mr. Mohammad Amin Aghdasi Rad for their support and cooperation and to many others who have helped in this way in some way. I have.
I am also very grateful to my beloved wife, Mrs. Neda Shahbazanezhand, who has always been my friend and helper during this time and kept alive the motivation and spirit to continue writing the book.
As a last word, I hope that this book will be appreciated by its readers and that the citizens of Binab will help to enrich this book by providing historical documents related to the famous people and history of Binab.
Hassan Kazemnezhandasl
June 2023
This castle is registered in the list of National Monuments of Iran on 2000 / 10 / 21 with registration number 3095. The first study of Binab's qizlarqalasi was carried out by Mr. Stuart Swiny, who introduced in his article, Northwestern Iran (1971), several pieces of surface qizlarqalasi pottery, and said of the importance of this castle: It is a small castle site with a position of a geographical location comparable to ziwiye'(Swiny 1971: 51).
During the surface survey of this castle, fragments of the first millennium BC, Manna and Urartu pottery were sampled. Among these samples, tulip type pottery belonging to the Manna period were sampled.
فصلنامه در زمینه تاریخ(اختصاصی)، سال اول، شماره اول، تابستان ۱۴۰۱,
Qizlarqalasi Bonab is one of the most important fortresses of the Mannaean period in the Azarbaijan region which is located in the south of Bonab city and on one of the satellite hills of qara qoshun Bonab Mountain on the western side of the mountain.
This castle is registered in the list of National Monuments of Iran on 2000 / 10 / 21 with registration number 3095. The first study of Bonab's qizlarqalasi was carried out by Mr. Stuart Swiny, who introduced in his article, Northwestern Iran (1971), several pieces of surface qizlarqalasi pottery, and said of the importance of this castle: It is a small castle site with a position of a geographical location comparable to ziwiye'(Swiny 1971: 51).
During the surface survey of this castle, fragments of the first millennium BC, Manna and Urartu pottery were sampled. Among these samples, tulip type pottery belonging to the Manna period were sampled.
بررسی باستانشناختی قلعه ماننایی قیزلارقالاسی بناب
قیزلارقالاسی بناب به عنوان یکی از مهمترین قلاع دوره حکومت دولت ماننا در منطقه آذربایجان می باشد که در جنوب شهرستان بناب و بر روی یکی از تپه های اقماری کوه قره قشون بناب در ضلع غربی این کوه بنا گردیده است.
این قلعه در تاریخ 17 / 11 / 1379 و به شماره ثبت 3095 در فهرست آثار ملی ایران به ثبت رسیده است. اولین بررسی در مورد قیزلارقالاسی بناب را آقای استوارت سوئینی به انجام رسانیده است که ایشان در مقاله خویش بنام بررسی شمال غرب ایران(1971) به معرفی چند قطعه سفال سطحی قیزلارقالاسی پرداخته و در خصوص اهمیت این قلعه گفته: « این محوطه قلعه کوچکی با موقعیت سوق الجیشی و قابل مقایسه با زیویه است»(سوئینی 1971: 51).
در طی برنامه بررسی سطحی این قلعه، قطعه سفالهای نوع خاکستری هزاره اول ق.م، سفالهای ماننایی و اورارتویی نمونه برداری گردیده که در بین این نمونه سفال ها، سفال نوع گل لاله ای متعلق به دوره حکومت دولت ماننا از مهمترین سفالهای شاخص مکشوفه از سطح این قلعه می باشد که مورد بررسی و طراحی قرار گرفته است.
همچنین از سطح قلعه، دامنه و محوطه تاریخی قیزلارقالاسی بناب چندین اشیاء تاریخی که شامل پیکانهای آهنی، منجوق های سنگی، اشیاء فلزی و مهره های تزئینی در طی بررسیهای باستانشناختی کشف و جمع آوری گردیده است.
This castle is registered in the list of National Monuments of Iran on 2000 / 10 / 21 with registration number 3095. The first study of Bonab's qizlarqalasi was carried out by Mr. Stuart Swiny, who introduced in his article, Northwestern Iran (1971), several pieces of surface qizlarqalasi pottery, and said of the importance of this castle: It is a small castle site with a position of a geographical location comparable to ziwiye'(Swiny 1971: 51).
During the surface survey of this castle, fragments of the first millennium BC, Manna and Urartu pottery were sampled. Among these samples, tulip type pottery belonging to the Manna period were sampled.
بررسی باستانشناختی قلعه ماننایی قیزلارقالاسی بناب
قیزلارقالاسی بناب به عنوان یکی از مهمترین قلاع دوره حکومت دولت ماننا در منطقه آذربایجان می باشد که در جنوب شهرستان بناب و بر روی یکی از تپه های اقماری کوه قره قشون بناب در ضلع غربی این کوه بنا گردیده است.
این قلعه در تاریخ 17 / 11 / 1379 و به شماره ثبت 3095 در فهرست آثار ملی ایران به ثبت رسیده است. اولین بررسی در مورد قیزلارقالاسی بناب را آقای استوارت سوئینی به انجام رسانیده است که ایشان در مقاله خویش بنام بررسی شمال غرب ایران(1971) به معرفی چند قطعه سفال سطحی قیزلارقالاسی پرداخته و در خصوص اهمیت این قلعه گفته: « این محوطه قلعه کوچکی با موقعیت سوق الجیشی و قابل مقایسه با زیویه است»(سوئینی 1971: 51).
در طی برنامه بررسی سطحی این قلعه، قطعه سفالهای نوع خاکستری هزاره اول ق.م، سفالهای ماننایی و اورارتویی نمونه برداری گردیده که در بین این نمونه سفال ها، سفال نوع گل لاله ای متعلق به دوره حکومت دولت ماننا از مهمترین سفالهای شاخص مکشوفه از سطح این قلعه می باشد که مورد بررسی و طراحی قرار گرفته است.
همچنین از سطح قلعه، دامنه و محوطه تاریخی قیزلارقالاسی بناب چندین اشیاء تاریخی که شامل پیکانهای آهنی، منجوق های سنگی، اشیاء فلزی و مهره های تزئینی در طی بررسیهای باستانشناختی کشف و جمع آوری گردیده است.
Leilan is located on the southern side of Malakan city, 160 km from the center of the East Azarbaijan province.
The historic castle of Bakhtak, located in Lilan with over 50 hectares, is one of the largest sites of the Parthian and Sasanian periods in East Azarbaijan province. The discovery of 23 coins of the Byzantine Empire during the reign of the western side of the castle of Bakhtak Leilan has added to the historic significance of this huge enclosure.
The historic castle of Bakhtak has been registered on the 2780 record in the National Iranian Book List, and the first archaeological studies of this place have been performed by Mr. Wolfram Klies.
During the studies to date these coins, it was discovered that these coins belong to Constantine Tenth (1059-1067) and Romans IV the Byzantine emperor Diogenes (1068-1071) (Romans IV was the Cappadocian military nobleman and It was the date of the rule of the Seljuk regime (1194 AD) and the age of wars between the Seljuk and Byzantine states, the famous contemporary battle of the history of multiplying these coins, "the military commander was in the time of Constantine Tenth Ducas." The incident took place in 463 AH / 1071 AD between the Alb Arsalan Sultan Seljuqi and Romanus Diogenes of the Byzantine emperor, and in Hyatt victory of Alp Arslan, it was. " This war is known as the "Malazgerd war" because it was near the Malazgerd area.
Iron Age III as one of the most important historical periods discussed in Iran, has been the attention of many archaeologists. Iron Age III period IS 800-550 BC, and archaeologists Hasanlu IVB destruction by Urartians as the source of the Iron Age III dating. Dyson divided Iron Age III into old and new periods . Settlements belonging to the Iron Age III in the area of West Lake Urmia analyzed by archaeologists but iron age III occupations of the south-east of Lake Urmia less explored, therefore lack of information led to research in order to illuminate the darkness of this subject . studied locals in this research is southeast of Lake Urmia, Iron Age Region III settlements that situated in Binab city desert, therefore 5 settlements of Binabs iron age III settlement selected for researching. During the studied for examination and sampling of settlements surface pottery, what is more important is that the samples of buff potteries numbers are more against gray pottery and urartians red pottery numbers. One of important pottery of Binab deserts iron age III settlement is mannaean triangle pottery. Binab settlements buff pottery are comparable with other famous settlements pottery such as : Hasanlu IV and III, Dynkhaahtepe ,aqrabtepe , Ziviyeh,zindan e soleiman , Godin tepe II and else… .
Author: Hassan KazemNezhandasal
Research on Bonab mosques has been considered by many archaeologists and architects for many years, but the exact date of construction of these buildings has not been determined due to lack of archeological excavations and the date that is often considered for this building is the historical period of Safavid era. One of the points that should be considered for a careful study of these mosques is the variety of wooden Mogharnas of Bonab mosques, which shows the gradual evolution of these Mogharnas in different historical periods. So that by counting the heads of the mosques of Bonab, we are faced with the multiplicity of the diversity of the heads of about fifty. If we pay attention, during the Safavid rule, the possibility of building such different buildings is far from the truth. If we pay attention to the architecture of Isfahan's buildings such as Chehelston, Hasht Behesht and Aali Qapi, we see that the capitals used in these buildings are more imitations of the capitals of Ismail Bey Bonab Mosque, the variety of Mogharnas of these buildings is about 2-3 types.
Be Considering that the city of Isfahan was chosen as the capital of the powerful Safavid government, we do not encounter a variety of Mogharnas in the buildings of this city, such as the Bonab mosques. Schila beller and Jonathan M. Bloom wrote in the book Islamic Architecture about the construction of mosques with wooden columns :
"In the center and east of Anatolia, which was the heart of Roman Seljuk territory, the Seljuk tradition was deeper and the Seljuk style continued during the reign of the seljuk kings. Construction of mosques with wooden shabestans , characteristic of the Seljuk era, continued.
Bayshahri Mosque, which was built in 1299 AD / 699 AH by Ashraf Oglu Suleiman Bek (d. 1301-1296 AD / 701-696 AH). This is the largest and most original example of this type.
Construction of mosques with wooden columns and Mogharnas has also become popular in Maragheh, Ajabshir and Azarshahr cities. The area of construction of wooden mosques can be considered as the southern region of Azerbaijan. The construction of wooden mosques in Anatolia, Turkey during the Seljuk period, similar to the Bonab mosques, reveals vague historical points about the wooden mosques of Azerbaijan.
In this section, several important points are stated that are very significant:
1- Lack of construction inscriptions except in Mehrabad mosque in other wooden mosques
2- Variety of Mogharnas of mosques in Bonab and the region in comparison with the buildings of Isfahan and ...
3- The time interval of about 3 centuries in the construction of Seljuk wooden mosques in Anatolia, Turkey with Bonab mosques, which according to the only inscription that is available in Mehrabad Mosque of Bonab on 951 AH.
4- Painting a mosque with 4 minarets and 3 domes similar to mosques such as Aya Sophia on the top of the pillar of Zargaran Bonab Mosque
5- Considering the simplicity of the construction of wooden mosques in Bonab and its suburbs and considering the migration of Seljuks from Iran to Turkey, it is possible that Bonab wooden mosques were the source and origin of the construction of wooden mosques in Anatolia, Turkey.
حسن کاظم نژنداصل – کارشناس ارشد باستانشناسی
منبع: پایگاه خبری سَس نیوز
بازار به عنوان اولین هسته اقتصادی شهرها در گذشته های دور به عنوان مهمترین شاخصه تجاری یک شهر ومهمترین عامل رشد و توسعه آن شناخته می شود. تبادل کالا به کالا در جوامع ابتدایی رفته رفته جای خود را به خرید و فروش با ابزارها و معیارهای قیمتی چون سکه داد و تعیین نرخ قیمت برای اجناس توسط حکام و دولت ها تعیین گردید.
بازارهای بناب نیز به لحاظ تاریخی و ارزش معاملاتی به چند دسته تقسیم می گردند که برخی محل معاملات روستایی و خرده فروشی بوده و برخی نیز بازارهای رسمی برای معاملات شهری بوده اند. از جمله بازارهای خرده فروشی بناب می توان از بازار «آرواد بازاری» نام برد و از بازارهای شهری نیز می توان از بازارهای تاریخی «اوزون بازاری»، «یونچی بازاری»، «فرشچی بازاری»، «مسگربازاری»، «دمیرچی بازاری»، «حلوا بازاری»، «پیچاخچیلار بازاری» و «کبابچی لار بازاری»، «قدیم خوشابار» را نام برد. اگر چه در عصر حاضر شهر بناب دارای بازارهای معتددی می باشد ولی چون هدف مقاله بررسی بازارهای تاریخی بناب می باشد از ورود به بحث این بازارها خودداری می گردد.
بازار تاریخی معروف به «آرواد بازاری» را باید به راستی جزو بازارهای اولیه و نیز از مراکز تاریخی تشکیل هسته اقتصادی شهری عنوان نمود که عمدتا روزهای سه شنبه و در مکانهای متعددی در طی چندین سال مختلف نقل مکان شده وعمده تجارت و دادوستد محدود به فروش تولیدات خانگی چون انواع صنایع دستی و محصولات خانگی تولیدی زنان بنابی بوده است و شهرت این بازار نیز به جهت عمده محصولات تولیدات زنان بوده است که نقش عمده ای در رشد و شکوفایی بنیان اقتصاده خانواده ها داشته اند.
در توضیح بازارهای شهر باید عنوان گردد برخی از این بازارهای ازلحاظ تاریخی مورد بررسی قرار خواهند گرفت و چه بسا هم اکنون چنین بازاری موجود نمی باشد و فقط نامی از آنها در اسناد تاریخی باقی مانده است.
«اوزون بازاری» بزرگترین و هسته اصلی بازارهای بناب می باشد که در مرکز شهر بناب قرار گرفته و از لحاظ تاریخی با توجه به کثرت آثار دوره صفوی در بناب و قرار گرفتن در مجاورت مساجد، کاروانسراها و میدان «عالی قاپی» می توان این بازار بزرگ را در زمره بازارهای دوره صفوی معرفی نمود که دارای تیمچه ها و راسته های متعدد بوده است که در ضلع جنوب غربی میدان امام حسین(ع) فعلی بناب واقع گردیده که متاسفانه در دوره های مختلف مورد آتش سوزی قرار گرفته و بعدها تا چندین دهه پیش به کلی مورد تخریب قرار گرفته است و تنهاچندین عکس متعدد باقیمانده گویای نوع معماری این بازار می باشد.
در یک سفرنامه قاجاری که نام نویسنده آن مشخص نمی باشد در توصیف بازار بناب نوشته شده که این بازار همچون بازار بزرگ تبریز می باشد که سقف آن چوبی مشابه مساجد تاریخی بناب بوده است که به جهت تعیین و تشخیص معماری اصلی این بازار نیاز به انجام حفاریات دقیق باستانشناسی در نقاط مختلف این بازار جهت تعیین قدمت و نوع معماری آن می باشد.
«بازار کبابچی لار بازاری» که یکی از راسته های معروف «اوزون بازاری» بناب بوده که در سال 1311 هجری قمری از این بازار در طی یک سند قاجاری نام برده شده است(سندقاجاری اهدایی آقای علی اصغر بالغ).
«یونچی بازاری» که در مجاورت کاروانسرای قدیمی تخریب شده «حاج علی کروانسراسی» ضلع شمالی آن قرار داشت که تا چند دهه قبل دکانهای آن موجود بود و ساختار قدیمی خود را حفظ کرده بود که در طی احداث پاساژ الغدیر در مکان این کارونسرای قدیمی بناب، «یونچی بازاری» نیز دستخوش تغییرات گردیده و دکانهای ضلع چسبیده به پاساژ جدیدالاحداث به کلی مورد برداشت قرار گرفته است. این بازار معروف که محل فروش پشم گوسفندان بوده و در گذشته نیز حلاجان به کار حلاجی در این بازار مشغول بوده اند که از دلایل اهمیت این بازار میتوان به تولید الیاف مورد نظر ریسندگان برای فرشبافان بنابی اشاره نمود.
«فرشچی بازاری» که هم اکنون عمده بخش جنوبی «اوزون بازاری» و نیز بازارهای معروف به فرشچی بازاری بناب را تشکیل می دهد در گدشته به جهت رشد و شکوفایی اقتصادی خود چنان پر رونق و محل داد و ستد فرش فروشان بنابی بوده که بعد از بازار تبریز از عمده بازارهای مهم خرید و فروش فرش در جنوب آذربایجان به شمار می رفته است.
«مسگر بازاری» که در مسیر درب غربی کاروانسرای حاج علی به طرف کاروانسرای شامچی قرار گرفته است در مجاورت بازار تاریخی حاج تقی قرار گرفته است که محل اشتغال مسگران قدیم بناب بوده است که تولیدات این صنعتگران بنابی در زمره آلات مسی مورد استفاده در مساجد بناب و خانه شهروندان بناب قابل مشاهده می باشد که برخی از این ظروف مسی در موزه مردم شناسی بناب با نام صنتگر و محل ساخت موجود می باشد که بسیار محتمل می نماید که صنعت و بازار مسگری در بناب از دوره صفویه رشد چشمگیری پیدا کرده و تا دوره قاجاریه ادامه یافته است.
«دمیرچی بازاری» نیز که در حدود بازار تاریخی حاج تقی قرار گرفته بوده است که در آن بیشتر آلات کشاورزی و دامداری تولید می گردیده و در مجاورت آن نیز چاقوسازان بنابی به کار تولید چاقوی سنتی بنابی که دارای پیشینه تاریخی 3000 ساله می باشد می پرداخته اند.
«حلوابازاری بناب» که درمجاورت مسجد تاریخی زرگرلر به طرف «دمیرچی بازاری» قرار گرفته بوده است سابق بر این حلواپزان بنابی از اواخر دوره قاجاریه با دوشابهای محلی و نخود به تولید انواع حلواهای سنتی چون ساری حلوا، بزرک حلواسی، نخودلی حلوا و داش حلوا می پرداخته اند که باگذشت زمان از اهمیت تاریخی این بازار بناب کاسته شده و فقط بازار نخودچی لار در محل این بازار قدیمی باقیمانده است.
«قدیم خوشابار و یا میوه و تره بازاری» که در مجاورت مسجد تاریخی گزاوئیش و نیز میدان معروف به «عالی قاپی» قرار گرفته است که در گذشته دور محل خرید و فروش میوه و تره جات بوده و عمده محصولات کشاورزی بناب در این بازار به فروش می رسیده است و بعد از احداث بازار بزرگ خشکباربناب تبدیل به محل خرده فروشی میوه و سبزیجات مورد نیاز شهروندان بنابی شده است.
شهربناب که در گذشته از پر آب ترین شهرهای آذربایجان به حساب می آمد مورد تعریف سفرنامه نویسان متعددی بوده چون راولینسون که نهر های جاری داخل شهر بناب و تمیزی و زلالی آن مورد وصف این فرد قرار گرفته است و داخل شهر به جهت نهرهای متعدد آن به سان ونیز ایتالیا دیدنی و جذاب بوده است.
از جهات بسیار ایجاد نهر ها داخل شهر بناب علاوه بر این که آب مورد نیاز خانه ها اهالی بناب را تامین می نموده است محل مناسبی برای شست و شو و شنای کودکان بوده است . آب جاری در این نهرها حتی تا آنجایی نیز تمیز بوده که به راحتی قابل آشامیدن بوده است و زلالی آن مورد وصف اهالی و پیران شهر بوده است. تعداد نهرهای زیاد داخل شهر موجبات ایجاد پل های کوچک و بزرگی گشته، چنانچه تعداد زیادی پل های سنگی و چوبی بر روی این نهر ساخته شده بوده است تا اهالی به راحتی از این طرف نهر به آن سوی تردد نمایند. از جمله این پل های معروف شهری بناب می توان از دو پل معروف به داش کورپی از دوره صفویه، آغاج کورپی معروف به پل خونکه، پل معروف خورخور کورپوسی که دارای سه تاق بوده و روبروی مسجد شیخ احداث گردیده بوده که پایه های این پل تاریخی هم اکنون در زیر میدان طی لوله کشی های شهری مشاهده گردید که امید است در زمان مناسب جهت تعمیر و مرمت و بازسازی از زیرزمین بیرون کشیده شود.
دیگر پل تاریخی شهر بناب پل معروف به بش گوزلی کورپی می باشد که به جهت وجود پنج دهانه آن به بش گوزلی کورپی معروفی گردیده و بر روی صوفی چای(سوبی چای) بنا گردیده که مهمترین پل بناب از لحاظ استراتژیک به حساب می آید که محل عبور کاروانها به سمت محال و دیگر نقاط جنوبی آذربایجان بوده است. در خصوص تاریخچه بنای احداث پل های شهر بناب و هم بش گوزلی کورپی باید گفته شود که با توجه به شواهد موجود به احتمال قوی این آثار در دوران صفویه بنا گردیده و به عنوان بناهای عام المنفعه مورد استفاده اهالی منطقه بوده است. به جهت کثرت نهرهای جاری داخل شهر بناب یک اصطلاح متداول ترکی در خصوص نامگذاری کوچه ها مورد استفاده قرار می گیرد با نام « یول آرخ» که به معنی نهر با جاده که هم اکنون با گذشت سالیان متمادی از پر شدن این نهرها، اهالی در صداکردن نام برخی کوچه ها و محلات از این کلمه استفاده می کنند.
از جمله نهرهای شهری بناب که در داخل کوچه های بناب جاری بوده می توان از نهرهای معروف به مهرآوا آرخی، قره شیر آرخی، توتلی بره، چای قیراغی، قوبی چای، چاوان چای و بسیاری دیگر که در داخل محلات شهر بناب جاری بوده اند نام برد.
حسن کاظم نژند- کارشناس ارشد باستانشناسی
The historical figures introduced in this book are classified according to the historical periods 1- Ilkhanid, 2- Safavide, 3- Afshariyyah, 4- Qajar and 5- Contemporary, based on the available documents and sources. .
The reason why the book was divided into these historical periods is because of the existing historical documents, which will increase the volume of this book with the discovery of new manuscripts and historical documents, and this book publication is only the first step in this great way.
The historical figures introduced in the book are a collection of people who were born in Binab city, whether urban or rural, and for this reason, I hope that it will be a document for all the people of Binab to get to know their ancestors better and find their historical identity. to take
With its 7000-year history, the Binab plain is considered one of the oldest parts of the country and the region of Azerbaijan, and the hills and historical monuments remaining from thousands of years ago are indicative of the historical antiquity of this region. The Benab Plain was mentioned in the first millennium BC with the historical names Uish Dish and Subi in the Assyrian inscriptions during the campaigns of Sargon II to this state of Mannai. From the historical places of Binab) 2-Buyuk Oish 3-Balaioish 4-Izoish 5-Dosh and 6-Supi Qan or Subi Qan (the name of one of the ancient hills belonging to the Manna civilization period) are used.
The Binab region in the Islamic historical period also has a glorious history that the great role of the men of Binab in the construction of ancient buildings and development of the city of Binab and its villages is clearly visible. These historical buildings include caravanserais, bridges, mosques, houses, baths, schools, cemeteries, etc., which were built during these several centuries of history, which show the development and economic prosperity of Binab in different historical periods. Some of these historical works are still left and unfortunately, most of them have been neglected and destroyed one by one.
Among the works whose creator's name remains on them and are still called by these names, this building can be mentioned: 1- Historical baths of Haj Fethullah, Haj Taqi and Qazi (Seif Ulamai Banab) 2 - The historical mosques of Suleiman Sultan, Ismail Bey, Haji Bigler, Agha Salim, Mir Ahmad, Haj Reza 3- Caravanserai of Haj Ali, Bogdachi, Farmanfarma, Satarauf, Galakti (most of these caravanserai have been destroyed in recent decades, their number is 40 The number is reaching and the only remaining of these caravansaries is the Haj Taqi Caravanserai located in Demirchi Bazar Binab whose ruins can be restored and restored.
In this section, I would like to express my special thanks to each and every person who collaborated in the publication of this book: Mr. Dr. Razavipour, the former president of Islamic Azad University, Binab branch, for translating the Arabic texts in the book, and Mr. Abbas Qoli, Kazem Najandasal, for providing all the library resources. In order to be used in the book, I would like to express my gratitude to Mr. Amir Taghipour in collecting the historical names of Shahr-Binab and Mr. Mohammad Amin Aghdasi Rad for their support and cooperation and to many others who have helped in this way in some way. I have.
I am also very grateful to my beloved wife, Mrs. Neda Shahbazanezhand, who has always been my friend and helper during this time and kept alive the motivation and spirit to continue writing the book.
As a last word, I hope that this book will be appreciated by its readers and that the citizens of Binab will help to enrich this book by providing historical documents related to the famous people and history of Binab.
Hassan Kazemnezhandasl
June 2023
Keywords : Safavid government - Shah Ismail - Ali Qapi - Chehelstan - Bonab