Papers by Marco Stefanini
BIO Web of Conferences, 2022
The varieties of vines tolerant to the main fungal diseases are the object of growing interest be... more The varieties of vines tolerant to the main fungal diseases are the object of growing interest because they require fewer treatments for the production of quality grapes. These varieties are considered qualitatively unsuitable especially for some characteristics such as the foxy aroma, the level of anthocyanin diglucosides and the level of methyl alcohol in wines. In the three-year period 2016-2018, from a population of 74 medium resistant varieties placed in a single collection, in Marlengo (BZ), young leaves were taken for DNA analysis; annually 2 surveys of the OIV 452 453, 455 and 456 descriptors were carried out, and, at 18° Brix, sombunches were collected for the analysis of different metabolites. Nano-vinifications were carried out for 32 genotypes. Genotypes with different levels of stacked loci associated with resistance to downy and powdery mildew were detected, with different resistance behaviors over the years. Only some genotypes have aromas of foxy and only 20% of the ...
Prove su 4 nuovi genotipi disponibili a confronto con il materiale più diffuso. Dopo una lunga st... more Prove su 4 nuovi genotipi disponibili a confronto con il materiale più diffuso. Dopo una lunga stasi della ricerca, i portinnesti della «serie M» del Disaa dell' Università di Milano offrono l'occasione per riconsiderare una delle scelte più importanti al momento dell' impianto del vigneto perché eventuali errori in questa fase sono difficilmente recuperabil
Downy mildew, caused by the oomycete Plasmopara viticola (Berk. & Curt.) Berl. & de Toni,... more Downy mildew, caused by the oomycete Plasmopara viticola (Berk. & Curt.) Berl. & de Toni, is one of the major threats of grapevine cultivation particularly in warm and humid climate. All traditional grapevine cultivars (Vitis vinifera L.) are susceptible to downy mildew, and its control mainly relies on the use of synthetic fungicides which are costly and have environmental impact as well. Therefore, developing new varieties that are resistant to downy mildew through breeding is a promising alternative. Stilbenoids represent the major antimicrobial phenolic compounds in grapevine and there are compelling evidences that they contribute to both constitutive and induced resistance mechanisms. As a consequence, a deep comprehension of the genetic bases of stilbenoids biosynthesis is desirable. For several years, we have been investigating the roles of the Vitis stilbenoids as determinants of downy mildew resistance, taking advantage of an interspecific population derived from the Vitis hybrid Merzling × V. vinifera cv Teroldego. With this aim, 130 F1 individuals of this segregating population have been characterized at both genotypic and phenotypic level. Regarding the latter, a comprehensive analysis of leaf phenolics (including 16 different stilbenoids) upon P. viticola infection has been carried out. Our results indicated a significant induction of several stilbenoids following downy mildew infection in a subset of individuals characterized by a high degree of resistance. Then, QTL analysis lead to the identification of genomic regions associated to stilbenoids production. Moreover, a kinetic analysis of the accumulation of the different stilbenoids and of the expression of some genes associated to their biosynthesis has been carried out upon pathogen infection. This kinetics has revealed a significant correlation between the type of stilbenoid and specific members of the stilbene synthase gene family. Finally, the ongoing comparison between the stilbenoids biosynthesis results and the findings derived from a QTL analysis for downy mildew resistance conducted in parallel will putatively provide common as well as specific regions associated to both trait
Nowadays, it is almost universally recognized that the viticulture of the future will require the... more Nowadays, it is almost universally recognized that the viticulture of the future will require the management of grapevine pests and diseases with fewer chemical inputs. The development and the deployment of novel varieties - which are now extremely resistant to mildews as well as hold the potential to display a durable resistance during the coming years - are considered one of the most promising strategy towards an eco-friendly viticulture. In the frame of the Euregio project VITISANA, a collection of approximately 100 grapevine accessions - including (mid-)resistant genotypes derived from cross pollination between Vitis hybrid and vinifera varieties or backcrosses - was studied. Their leaf and cluster level of downy (DM) and powdery (PM) mildew resistance was evaluated in an untreated field (Marlengo, I) at veraison and harvesting time in both 2016 and 2017. In addition to attempting a true-to-type analysis, an exhaustive genetic characterization was carried out at the 12 exploitable loci associated to mildew resistance (R-loci) available in the literature to date. Besides genotypes carrying a single R-locus associated to DM or PM resistance, our findings highlighted the pyramiding of R-loci against DM in 15% and against PM in 35% of the total accessions. In particular, 56 genotypes resulted pyramided for R-loci to both mildews. Finally, combining the R-loci-based characterization of the studied traditionally bred resistant varieties with their pathogen response in untreated field, we will understand the impact of diverse R-loci assets on overcoming disease attacks under the same environmental conditions
The continuous use of pesticides in viticulture is a very significant issue in the general attemp... more The continuous use of pesticides in viticulture is a very significant issue in the general attempt to reduce the impact of phytochemicals in the environment. Interspecific hybrids of V. vinifera, which combine the resistant traits to fungal diseases of wild American Vitis species and the wine quality of European grapevines (V. vinifera L.), represent the most promising and suitable choice for a more sustainable viticulture. A relative large number of so-called fungus-resistant PIWI varieties (from the German word ‘pilzwiderstandsfähig’) are gaining increased attention for the production of wines. This study aimed to investigate the non-volatile and volatile composition of red and white wines obtained from a selection of interspecific hybrids grown in two experimental fields, in Italy and Germany, in vintages 2013 and 2015. Also high quality V. vinifera cultivars were considered as references. The profile of non-volatile compounds was studied using different techniques: UHPLC-MS/MS [1 2] methods to study the phenolic composition (including simple phenols, anthocyanins and tannins), AAS method to analyse the mineral content, NMR [3] and FTIR [4] analysis to investigate different parameters (sugars, acids, alcohols, fermentation products, total acid, volatile acid and total SO2). The volatile profile was studied combining GC-MS [5] and HS-GC-PFPD [6] methods. The results showed that diglucosides were found in variable amounts in red interspecific wines. Multivariate methods were applied to visualize and evaluate similarities and differences in the composition of the varieties studied. The findings of this study provide a clear picture of the chemical profile of wines from different PIWI varieties identifying the most peculiar aspects of their composition
Acta Horticulturae, 2019
During the last decade, besides the emerging need for innovation raised by grapevine growers, the... more During the last decade, besides the emerging need for innovation raised by grapevine growers, the quest for sustainable viticulture has been addressed through the development of new cultivars (mid-)resistant to the major pathogens that challenge grapes in temperate-humid climates. To this end, a double-step breeding program has been undertaken by the Fondazione Edmund Mach (FEM). During the initial scouting phase, a total of 264 accessions acquired from (non-)European breeding programs, an Italian private breeding platform and wild-collected in northeastern America were studied. Most individuals were phenotyped for downy and powdery mildew resistance, while all were genetically characterized. First, nine reference microsatellite (simple sequence repeat; SSR) markers were used for trueto-type identification through international and private databases, where feasible. Second, in order to validate the available pedigree information and to infer new relationships, 50 informative SSRs were analyzed and employed for parentage analysis. Moreover, all studied accessions were screened at 12 exploitable disease resistance-associated (R) loci derived from Vitis spp. and described in the literature; this novel "all vs. all" approach allowed the discovery of unanticipated R-loci combinations in traditionally bred material. Moreover, the distribution of loci related to downy (Rpv) and powdery (Run/Ren) mildew resistance and the field response unveiled potentially novel and exclusive genetic resources. During the following operational phase, a marker-assisted breeding program developed, taking advantage of the preparatory information. At present, 32% of the selected genotypes stack two Rpv and two Run/Ren loci, while 6% convey three Rpv and three Run/Ren loci. Currently, several genotypes carrying up to seven R-loci are under selection.
BIO Web of Conferences, 2019
In southern Brazil there is a predominance of labrusca and hybrid varieties for wine and juice pr... more In southern Brazil there is a predominance of labrusca and hybrid varieties for wine and juice production due to climatic conditions of high rainfall, temperature and relative humidity. Growing varieties that combine disease resistance and wine quality (PIWI) can be an alternative to improve wine quality. The objective of this work was to evaluate the performance of three PIWI varieties (Felicia, Calardis Blanc and Aromera) in two regions (Videira, 27∘01′S and 51∘08′W, altitude 830 m; and São Joaquim, 28∘13′S and 50∘04′W, altitude 1100 m) in the vintage 2018. The date of occurrence of main phenological stages, productiveindexes, clusters characteristics and grape qualitative indexes was evaluated. There was no difference for budbreak date, but flowering, veraison an maturity time varied between regions. The development of plants is slower when they are cultivated at a higher altitude. The number of clusters per plant and yield were higher at 830 m for all varieties. For productive i...
Acta Horticulturae, 2006
Foliar spraying of fertilizers is a standard practice used in vineyards and orchards to overcome ... more Foliar spraying of fertilizers is a standard practice used in vineyards and orchards to overcome temporary mineral element deficiencies and improve fruit quality. The authors conducted a field study to compare grapevine uptake and partitioning of foliarly applied nitrogen (N). Three solutions containing equivalent total N amounts of isotopically-labeled N but with varying composition (NH 4 , NH 4 +NO 3 , or NO 3) were applied at berry set or at veraison to leaves of mature 'Cabernet Sauvignon' and 'Chardonnay' grapevines. The shoots with the treated leaves were sampled 8 d after application, dissected into leaf, woody stem, and berry cluster components, and analyzed for total and isotopic N contents. The differential N treatments had little effect on shoot growth of either cultivar; however, N uptake from the NH 4-containing treatments was higher than from the treatment containing only NO 3. The leaves contained substantially greater amounts of N than did the woody stems and berry clusters at both sampling times. The interaction between cultivar and timing of application was significant. 'Chardonnay' woody stems contained higher amounts of labeled N when the N was applied at veraison than at berry set, while 'Cabernet Sauvignon' showed little difference. Leaf green color, measured using a SPAD meter, reflected relative leaf N status. 'Chardonnay' leaves had lower labeled N content and were less green than those of the 'Cabernet Sauvignon' leaves when foliar N was applied at berry set, while they contained more labeled N and were greener than 'Cabernet Sauvignon' leaves following N application at veraison.
X International Conference on Grapevine Breeding and Genetics, 2014
Growing scientific interest in the genetic diversity of grapevine, together with the need to impr... more Growing scientific interest in the genetic diversity of grapevine, together with the need to improve the organization of conserved materials and streamline management costs has given rise to a project aimed at characterizing all the germplasm maintained by FEM-IASMA. In an initial molecular analysis, one plant of each accession was tested at 10 microsatellite loci (SSR). Comparison of the profiles obtained allowed the genotypes present to be identified and hence the number of accessions to undergo further investigation to be reduced. The extension of genotyping to 12 other SSR loci confirmed the consistency of the collection's gene pool. Using assignment experiments, comparisons with international databases and ampelographic verification, grape cultivars with the same SSR profile are attributed to cases of synonymy or denomination errors. The most interesting phenotypic variations amongst plants with an identical SSR genotype will be selected for conservation. The set of accessions with a non-redundant genotype is the collection's main source of genetic diversity. Regarding this material, intense genotyping of hundreds of SNP loci is underway in order to identify appropriate core collections for future association studies. Some of the characteristics emerging from this study and other evaluations of the collection's contents are presented.
*) Dip. Biologia e Genetica Molecolare, Centro Sperimentale, Istituto Agrario di San Michele all’... more *) Dip. Biologia e Genetica Molecolare, Centro Sperimentale, Istituto Agrario di San Michele all’Adige, Via E. Mach 1, 38010 San Michele a/Adige (TN), Italy **) INRA-Génétique de la Vigne, UMR Diversité et Génome des Plantes Cultivées, 2 Place P. Viala, 34060 Montpellier, France ***) CSIRO Plant Industry, PO Box 350, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia ****) UMR de Génomique Végétale INRA-CNRS-UEVE, 2 rue Gaston Crémieux, BP5708, Evry, France *****) Dip. Valorizzazione delle Risorse Produttive, Istituto Agrario di San Michele all’Adige, Via E. Mach 1, 38010 San Michele a/Adige (TN), Italy
Proceedings of the …, 2010
... In this study we applied a quantitative genetic analysis to the dissection of developmental a... more ... In this study we applied a quantitative genetic analysis to the dissection of developmental and quality-related traits in a mapping population of 170 F1 individuals derived from the cross of the cultivars Syrah and Pinot Noir. A ...
Given its cultural and economic importance, wine grape is an obvious candidate for the first wood... more Given its cultural and economic importance, wine grape is an obvious candidate for the first woody crop to have its genome deciphered. Our research focused on the elite cultivar Pinot Noir with the multiple goals of genome assembly, gene identification and annotation, and ...
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Papers by Marco Stefanini