Papers by Deeksha A . Bhardwaj
Indira Gandhi National Open University, New Delhi eBooks, 2020
Environmental Research, Oct 1, 1991
Cytogenetic investigations were carried out on 50 workers exposed to stone dust in a stone crushe... more Cytogenetic investigations were carried out on 50 workers exposed to stone dust in a stone crusher industry and on 25 control subjects never exposed to such dust. The frequency of chromosomal aberrations and sister chromatid exchanges in exposed individuals was significantly higher than that in controls (P less than 0.01). The cytogenetic indices demonstrated a clear dependence on the working environment. The effect of smoking and/or alcoholic habits coupled with exposure to stone dust has also been investigated. The results indicate that the mutagenic risk in the working environment is probably associated with silica dust in the area.
International Journal of Modern Trends in Engineering and Research, Sep 12, 2014
The security is one of the important aspect of today's life. Iris recognization is one of... more The security is one of the important aspect of today's life. Iris recognization is one of the leading research of security which is used to identify the individual person. Usually iris based biometric is more better than other biometric in terms of accuracy, fast, stability, uniqueness. The iris recognition system works by capturing and storing biometric information and then compare scanned copy of iris biometric with the stored iris images in the database. There are several Iris Based Recognition Systems are developed so far. In this paper we presented several iris techniques and create a base for our future roadmap.
Mutagenesis, 1993
A cytogenetic survey was conducted on personnel exposed to petroleum exhaust fumes (vapour and sm... more A cytogenetic survey was conducted on personnel exposed to petroleum exhaust fumes (vapour and smoke at automobile workshops). The incidence of chromosomal aberrations (CAs) in this population was evaluated. A total of 1.15 +/- 0.22 aberrations were encountered in the exposed group as compared with 0.47 +/- 0.12 aberrations in the age matched controls. The increase in CAs in the exposed group was highly significant (P < 0.01, test of variance). A strongly positive correlation between increasing exposure duration and a higher incidence of CAs was apparent. No stratification for a higher incidence of CAs on the basis of smoking and/or alcoholic habits could be made in the exposed group.
Indira Gandhi National Open University, New Delhi eBooks, 2020
— The traffic congestion has been increasing in urban areas due to this studying alternative meas... more — The traffic congestion has been increasing in urban areas due to this studying alternative measure of mobility management, and one of these measures is carpooling. In theory, these systems could lead to a reduction in the use of private vehicles to achieve success there are limitations because of two reasons the psychological barriers associated with riding with strangers and the flexibility of poor scheduling. The limitation of traditional scheme has been overcome by studying a model of carpooling with this model new feature is introduced Establishing a base trust level for Carpoolers to find suitable matches for traditional group and at the same time allowing to search for a ride with the other alternatives group when numbers of pool has scheduled trip different from usual one. People are migrating from one place to another but due to insufficient public transport facilities people preferred to own vehicles. This lead to problem like number of vehicles traffic, fuel consumption,...
With a unbridled increase in international and domestic forms of business, Customer Relationship ... more With a unbridled increase in international and domestic forms of business, Customer Relationship Management (CRM) has become one of the matters of concern to the enterprise and the entrepreneurs. CRM takes customer as the center and it enchants a new life to the organization system and optimizes its business process increasing its profitability. In order to help enterprises understand the "Product Purchasing Psychology (PPP)" and ways to retain the valued customers we propose data mining techniques. Clustering of customers provide in depth knowledge of their behavior. Clustering is one of the most useful and traditional technique used in data mining. The scope of this paper is to understand and predict the behaviors of the customer with behavior segmentation methodology. The result of the analysis results into enhancing of the customer support and targeting sales of the right product to the customers with better concentration on campaigning product promotion. The policy ho...
The data that floats on the web has a wide exposure to authorized and unauthorized users who may ... more The data that floats on the web has a wide exposure to authorized and unauthorized users who may copy and reuse or manipulate the data. This can lead to serious breach in the security of the individual or organization who owns the data. Apart from unauthorized regeneration, the data may be subjected to various types of attacks. Watermarking serves as an effective measure to ensure ownership protection and attack resilience of digital data. In this paper we survey the current state-of-the-art methodologies advocated for watermarking relational databases and their effectiveness against different categories of data attacks.
Cancer Investigation, 2021
Abstract This study aimed to examine the prognostic significance of peripheral absolute monocyte ... more Abstract This study aimed to examine the prognostic significance of peripheral absolute monocyte count (AMC) in combination with absolute lymphocyte count (ALC) at the time of relapse in a cohort of 57 patients with early relapsed (first complete remission <12 months) acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Both univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression analyses revealed that normal AMC in combination with normal/high ALC (versus low/high AMC in combination with low ALC) was significantly associated with improved OS. We concluded that the combination of AMC and ALC could be used as a prognostic marker for survival outcomes in early relapsed AML.
International Journal of Innovative Research in Computer and Communication Engineering, 2014
Website navigation has been seemed as one of the most important design features across many domai... more Website navigation has been seemed as one of the most important design features across many domains including finance, e-commerce, entertainment, education, government, and medical. But to facilitate effective website navigation for user by designing a well structured website has long been a challenge. A main reason is web developers’ understanding of website structure is considerably different from that of the users. There are so many methods have been discovered to relink the webpages in order to improve the navigability website structure. The completely reorganized new structure can be highly unpredictable, and the cost of disorienting users after the changes remains unanalyzed. This literature survey work describes various approaches that has been used to improve a website without introducing substantial changes. In this survey, we have described a mathematical programming model to improve the user navigation on a website while minimizing alterations to its current structure. Al...
Developing well-structured web-sites to aid powerful individual navigation has always been a chal... more Developing well-structured web-sites to aid powerful individual navigation has always been a challenge. A main purpose is that the web developers' knowledge of how a website ought to be organized could be significantly distinctive from that of the users. While different techniques have already been stated to re-link web pages to enhance navigability applying consumer navigation information, the entirely reorganized new design could be very volatile, and the expense of disorienting consumers following the improvements stays unanalyzed. This report handles how to boost a website without presenting considerable changes. Particularly, we propose a mathematical programming design to enhance the consumer navigation on a website while reducing modifications to their recent structure. Benefits from intensive tests conducted on a widely accessible actual information collection suggest that our design not just considerably increases an individual navigation with very few improvements, but...
A customer service database usually stores two types of service information: (1) unstructured cus... more A customer service database usually stores two types of service information: (1) unstructured customer service reports record machine problems and its remedial actions and (2) structured data on sales, employees, and customers for day-to-day management operations. This paper investigates how to apply data mining techniques to extract knowledge from the database to support two kinds of customer service activities: decision support and machine fault diagnosis. A data mining process, based on the data mining tool DB Miner, was investigated to provide structured management data for decision support. Data warehousing implements the process to access heterogeneous data from data resources. Data mining is the process of analyzing data from different prospective and summarizing it into useful information. Data mining software is one of the numbers of analytical tools for analyzing data. Technically, data mining is the process of finding correlations or patterns among number of fields in lar...
Amount of noise included in a hyperspectral image limits its application and has a negative impac... more Amount of noise included in a hyperspectral image limits its application and has a negative impact on hyperspectral image classification, unmixing, target detection, and so on. The data that are contaminated with noise can cause a failure to extract valuable information and hamper further interpretation. The presence of noise in the image, extraction of all the useful information becomes difficult and noise can lead to artifacts and loss of spatial resolution. So to overcome this problem there should some method/system which removes noise to improve performance of subsequent application. It has been proved that the proper and joint utilization of global and local redundancy and correlation (RAC) in spatial/spectral dimensions gives better result in HSI denoising. Thus for removing noise we are going to use proper and joint utilization of global and local redundancy and correlation (RAC) in spatial/spectral dimensions and data representation scheme as sparse representation to capture...
The Lancet Planetary Health, 2018
Background Air pollution is a major planetary health risk, with India estimated to have some of t... more Background Air pollution is a major planetary health risk, with India estimated to have some of the worst levels globally. To inform action at subnational levels in India, we estimated the exposure to air pollution and its impact on deaths, disease burden, and life expectancy in every state of India in 2017. Methods We estimated exposure to air pollution, including ambient particulate matter pollution, defined as the annual average gridded concentration of PM 2.5 , and household air pollution, defined as percentage of households using solid cooking fuels and the corresponding exposure to PM 2.5 , across the states of India using accessible data from multiple sources as part of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2017. The states were categorised into three Socio-demographic Index (SDI) levels as calculated by GBD 2017 on the basis of lag-distributed per-capita income, mean education in people aged 15 years or older, and total fertility rate in people younger than 25 years. We estimated deaths and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) attributable to air pollution exposure, on the basis of exposureresponse relationships from the published literature, as assessed in GBD 2017; the proportion of total global air pollution DALYs in India; and what the life expectancy would have been in each state of India if air pollution levels had been less than the minimum level causing health loss. Findings The annual population-weighted mean exposure to ambient particulate matter PM 2•5 in India was 89•9 μg/m³ (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 67•0-112•0) in 2017. Most states, and 76•8% of the population of India, were exposed to annual population-weighted mean PM 2•5 greater than 40 μg/m³, which is the limit recommended by the National Ambient Air Quality Standards in India. Delhi had the highest annual population-weighted mean PM 2•5 in 2017, followed by Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, and Haryana in north India, all with mean values greater than 125 μg/m³. The proportion of population using solid fuels in India was 55•5% (54•8-56•2) in 2017, which exceeded 75% in the low SDI states of Bihar, Jharkhand, and Odisha. 1•24 million (1•09-1•39) deaths in India in 2017, which were 12•5% of the total deaths, were attributable to air pollution, including 0•67 million (0•55-0•79) from ambient particulate matter pollution and 0•48 million (0•39-0•58) from household air pollution. Of these deaths attributable to air pollution, 51•4% were in people younger than 70 years. India contributed 18•1% of the global population but had 26•2% of the global air pollution DALYs in 2017. The ambient particulate matter pollution DALY rate was highest in the north Indian states of Uttar Pradesh, Haryana, Delhi, Punjab, and Rajasthan, spread across the three SDI state groups, and the household air pollution DALY rate was highest in the low SDI states of Chhattisgarh, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, and Assam in north and northeast India. We estimated that if the air pollution level in India were less than the minimum causing health loss, the average life expectancy in 2017 would have been higher by 1•7 years (1•6-1•9), with this increase exceeding 2 years in the north Indian states of Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, and Haryana. Interpretation India has disproportionately high mortality and disease burden due to air pollution. This burden is generally highest in the low SDI states of north India. Reducing the substantial avoidable deaths and disease burden from this major environmental risk is dependent on rapid deployment of effective multisectoral policies throughout India that are commensurate with the magnitude of air pollution in each state.
The Lancet Oncology, 2018
Background Previous efforts to report estimates of cancer incidence and mortality in India and it... more Background Previous efforts to report estimates of cancer incidence and mortality in India and its different parts include the National Cancer Registry Programme Reports, Sample Registration System cause of death findings, Cancer Incidence in Five Continents Series, and GLOBOCAN. We present a comprehensive picture of the patterns and time trends of the burden of total cancer and specific cancer types in each state of India estimated as part of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2016 because such a systematic compilation is not readily available. Methods We used all accessible data from multiple sources, including 42 population-based cancer registries and the nationwide Sample Registration System of India, to estimate the incidence of 28 types of cancer in every state of India from 1990 to 2016 and the deaths and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) caused by them, as part of GBD 2016. We present incidence, DALYs, and death rates for all cancers together, and the trends of all types of cancers, highlighting the heterogeneity in the burden of specific types of cancers across the states of India. We also present the contribution of major risk factors to cancer DALYs in India. Findings 8•3% (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 7•9-8•6) of the total deaths and 5•0% (4•6-5•5) of the total DALYs in India in 2016 were due to cancer, which was double the contribution of cancer in 1990. However, the age-standardised incidence rate of cancer did not change substantially during this period. The age-standardised cancer DALY rate had a 2•6 times variation across the states of India in 2016. The ten cancers responsible for the highest proportion of cancer DALYs in India in 2016 were stomach (9•0% of the total cancer DALYs), breast (8•2%), lung (7•5%), lip and oral cavity (7•2%), pharynx other than nasopharynx (6•8%), colon and rectum (5•8%), leukaemia (5•2%), cervical (5•2%), oesophageal (4•3%), and brain and nervous system (3•5%) cancer. Among these cancers, the age-standardised incidence rate of breast cancer increased significantly by 40•7% (95% UI 7•0-85•6) from 1990 to 2016, whereas it decreased for stomach (39•7%; 34•3-44•0), lip and oral cavity (6•4%; 0•4-18•6), cervical (39•7%; 26•5-57•3), and oesophageal cancer (31•2%; 27•9-34•9), and leukaemia (16•1%; 4•3-24•2). We found substantial interstate heterogeneity in the age-standardised incidence rate of the different types of cancers in 2016, with a 3•3 times to 11•6 times variation for the four most frequent cancers (lip and oral, breast, lung, and stomach). Tobacco use was the leading risk factor for cancers in India to which the highest proportion (10•9%) of cancer DALYs could be attributed in 2016. Interpretation The substantial heterogeneity in the state-level incidence rate and health loss trends of the different types of cancer in India over this 26-year period should be taken into account to strengthen infrastructure and human resources for cancer prevention and control at both the national and state levels. These efforts should focus on the ten cancers contributing the highest DALYs in India, including cancers of the stomach, lung, pharynx other than nasopharynx, colon and rectum, leukaemia, oesophageal, and brain and nervous system, in addition to breast, lip and oral cavity, and cervical cancer, which are currently the focus of screening and early detection programmes.
The Lancet Global Health, 2018
Background India has 18% of the global population and an increasing burden of chronic respiratory... more Background India has 18% of the global population and an increasing burden of chronic respiratory diseases. However, a systematic understanding of the distribution of chronic respiratory diseases and their trends over time is not readily available for all of the states of India. Our aim was to report the trends in the burden of chronic respiratory diseases and the heterogeneity in their distribution in all states of India between 1990 and 2016. Methods Using all accessible data from multiple sources, we estimated the prevalence of major chronic respiratory diseases and the deaths and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) caused by them for every state of India from 1990 to 2016 as part of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2016. We assessed heterogeneity in the burden of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma across the states of India. The states were categorised into four groups based on their epidemiological transition level (ETL). ETL was defined as the ratio of DALYs from communicable diseases to those from non-communicable diseases and injuries combined, with a low ratio denoting high ETL and vice versa. We also assessed the contribution of risk factors to DALYs due to COPD. We compared the burden of chronic respiratory diseases in India against the global average in GBD 2016. We calculated 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs) for the point estimates. Findings The contribution of chronic respiratory diseases to the total DALYs in India increased from 4•5% (95% UI 4•0-4•9) in 1990 to 6•4% (5•8-7•0) in 2016. Of the total global DALYs due to chronic respiratory diseases in 2016, 32•0% occurred in India. COPD and asthma were responsible for 75•6% and 20•0% of the chronic respiratory disease DALYs, respectively, in India in 2016. The number of cases of COPD in India increased from 28•1 million (27•0-29•2) in 1990 to 55•3 million (53•1-57•6) in 2016, an increase in prevalence from 3•3% (3•1-3•4) to 4•2% (4•0-4•4). The age-standardised COPD prevalence and DALY rates in 2016 were highest in the less developed low ETL state group. There were 37•9 million (35•7-40•2) cases of asthma in India in 2016, with similar prevalence in the four ETL state groups, but the highest DALY rate was in the low ETL state group. The highest DALY rates for both COPD and asthma in 2016 were in the low ETL states of Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh. The DALYs per case of COPD and asthma were 1•7 and 2•4 times higher in India than the global average in 2016, respectively; most states had higher rates compared with other locations worldwide at similar levels of Sociodemographic Index. Of the DALYs due to COPD in India in 2016, 53•7% (43•1-65•0) were attributable to air pollution, 25•4% (19•5-31•7) to tobacco use, and 16•5% (14•1-19•2) to occupational risks, making these the leading risk factors for COPD. Interpretation India has a disproportionately high burden of chronic respiratory diseases. The increasing contribution of these diseases to the overall disease burden across India and the high rate of health loss from them, especially in the less developed low ETL states, highlights the need for focused policy interventions to address this significant cause of disease burden in India.
The Lancet Global Health, 2018
Background The burden of cardiovascular diseases is increasing in India, but a systematic underst... more Background The burden of cardiovascular diseases is increasing in India, but a systematic understanding of its distribution and time trends across all the states is not readily available. In this report, we present a detailed analysis of how the patterns of cardiovascular diseases and major risk factors have changed across the states of India between 1990 and 2016. Methods We analysed the prevalence and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) due to cardiovascular diseases and the major component causes in the states of India from 1990 to 2016, using all accessible data sources as part of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2016. We placed states into four groups based on epidemiological transition level (ETL), defined using the ratio of DALYs from communicable diseases to those from non-communicable diseases and injuries combined, with a low ratio denoting high ETL and vice versa. We assessed heterogeneity in the burden of major cardiovascular diseases across the states of India, and the contribution of risk factors to cardiovascular diseases. We calculated 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs) for the point estimates. Findings Overall, cardiovascular diseases contributed 28•1% (95% UI 26•5-29•1) of the total deaths and 14•1% (12•9-15•3) of the total DALYs in India in 2016, compared with 15•2% (13•7-16•2) and 6•9% (6•3-7•4), respectively, in 1990. In 2016, there was a nine times difference between states in the DALY rate for ischaemic heart disease, a six times difference for stroke, and a four times difference for rheumatic heart disease. 23•8 million (95% UI 22•6-25•0) prevalent cases of ischaemic heart disease were estimated in India in 2016, and 6•5 million (6•3-6•8) prevalent cases of stroke, a 2•3 times increase in both disorders from 1990. The age-standardised prevalence of both ischaemic heart disease and stroke increased in all ETL state groups between 1990 and 2016, whereas that of rheumatic heart disease decreased; the increase for ischaemic heart disease was highest in the low ETL state group. 53•4% (95% UI 52•6-54•6) of crude deaths due to cardiovascular diseases in India in 2016 were among people younger than 70 years, with a higher proportion in the low ETL state group. The leading overlapping risk factors for cardiovascular diseases in 2016 included dietary risks (56•4% [95% CI 48•5-63•9] of cardiovascular disease DALYs), high systolic blood pressure (54•6% [49•0-59•8]), air pollution (31•1% [29•0-33•4]), high total cholesterol (29•4% [24•3-34•8]), tobacco use (18•9% [16•6-21•3]), high fasting plasma glucose (16•7% [11•4-23•5]), and high bodymass index (14•7% [8•3-22•0]). The prevalence of high systolic blood pressure, high total cholesterol, and high fasting plasma glucose increased generally across all ETL state groups from 1990 to 2016, but this increase was variable across the states; the prevalence of smoking decreased during this period in all ETL state groups. Interpretation The burden from the leading cardiovascular diseases in India-ischaemic heart disease and strokevaries widely between the states. Their increasing prevalence and that of several major risk factors in every part of India, especially the highest increase in the prevalence of ischaemic heart disease in the less developed low ETL states, indicates the need for urgent policy and health system response appropriate for the situation in each state.
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Papers by Deeksha A . Bhardwaj