Papers by Masahiko Haraguchi
AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts, Dec 1, 2018
Reliability is one of the main objectives that should be considered in Transmission Expansion Pla... more Reliability is one of the main objectives that should be considered in Transmission Expansion Planning. However, the high computational demands of traditional approaches mean that they may be unmanageable in real case studies. We propose a simple reliability measure that can be easily calculated based on topology and basic power system information. The measure is easily calculated and has no need for power flow calculations. The use of this measure has been demonstrated in a case study using data from the Spanish power grid.
Reliability is one of the main objectives that should be considered in Transmission Expansion Pla... more Reliability is one of the main objectives that should be considered in Transmission Expansion Planning. However, the high computational demands of traditional approaches mean that they may be unmanageable in real case studies. We propose a simple reliability measure that can be easily calculated based on topology and basic power system information. The measure is easily calculated and has no need for power flow calculations. The use of this measure has been demonstrated in a case study using data from the Spanish power grid.
Reliability is one of the main objectives that should be considered in Transmission Expansion Pla... more Reliability is one of the main objectives that should be considered in Transmission Expansion Planning. However, the high computational demands of traditional approaches mean that they may be unmanageable in real case studies. We propose a simple reliability measure that can be easily calculated based on topology and basic power system information. The measure is easily calculated and has no need for power flow calculations. The use of this measure has been demonstrated in a case study using data from the Spanish power grid.
AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts, Dec 1, 2015
AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts, Dec 1, 2020
Concurrent floods in multiple locations pose systemic risks to the interconnected economy in East... more Concurrent floods in multiple locations pose systemic risks to the interconnected economy in East Asia through supply chains. Despite the significant economic impacts, however, the understanding of the interconnection between rainfall patterns in the region is yet limited. Here, we analyzed spatial dependence in rainfall patterns of the 24 megacities in the region by means of complex analysis theory and discussed the technique's its applicability. Each city and correlation coefficient was represented by a node and a link, respectively. Vital node identification and clustering analysis were conducted using adjacency information entropy and multi-community detection. The groups were clustered to reflect the spatial characteristics of climate. In addition, the climate links between each group were identified through the cross-mutual information considering the delay time for each group. It was concluded that the complex network analysis can be a useful method for analyzing spatial relationship between climate factors.
World Development, 2020
Waste collection, treatment, and safe disposal systems are rare in developing countries as these ... more Waste collection, treatment, and safe disposal systems are rare in developing countries as these processes and systems have been mostly viewed from a cost-centric perspective in conjunction with weak or nonexistent environmental policies. Consequently, solid waste generation has turned into a problem of significant proportions in many countries with severe degradation of land, air, and water quality and adverse effects on environment and public health. New waste-to-energy (WtE) systems using municipal solid waste (MSW) to produce energy (based on emerging technologies beyond traditional incineration), can serve as a useful bridge towards sustainable waste management. In this paper, a quantitative Waste to Energy Recovery Assessment (WERA) framework is used to stochastically analyze the feasibility of WtE in selected cities in Asia. Future policy measures of feed-in tariffs, payments for avoided pollution, and higher waste collection fees are assessed to evaluate if WtE systems can be made self-sustaining investments. The results show that WtE systems can generate up to 290 GWh of electricity in Karachi, and up to 60 GWh in Delhi from municipal waste feedstock from which recyclables (such as paper and plastics) have been removed. Net Present Value (NPV) estimation shows that hybrid WtE technology systems can be feasible in Karachi and Delhi with policy support, however Jakarta's case is challenging due to higher costs. Future investments for waste systems should use holistic evaluations that incorporate key social benefits and costs-not only of energy generation but also of emissions reductions and impacts on public health-and identify necessary policy support for ensuring viable and sustainable solutions.
Infrastructures
Critical infrastructures such as transportation, power, telecommunication, water supply, and hosp... more Critical infrastructures such as transportation, power, telecommunication, water supply, and hospitals play a vital role in effectively managing post-disaster responses. The resilience of critical infrastructures should be incorporated in the planning and designing phase based on the risk assessment in a particular geographic area. However, the framework to assess critical infrastructure resilience (CIR) is variably conceptualised. Therefore, the objective of this study was to critically appraise the existing CIR assessment frameworks developed since the adoption of the Sendai Framework in 2015 with the hazard focus on earthquakes. The preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) method was used for the selection of the 24 most relevant studies, and these were analysed to delineate existing frameworks, models, and concepts. The study found that there are wide-ranging disparities among the existing frameworks to assess the infrastructure resilience, and...
Any opinions expressed in this paper are those of the author(s) and not those of IZA. Research pu... more Any opinions expressed in this paper are those of the author(s) and not those of IZA. Research published in this series may include views on policy, but IZA takes no institutional policy positions. The IZA research network is committed to the IZA Guiding Principles of Research Integrity. The IZA Institute of Labor Economics is an independent economic research institute that conducts research in labor economics and offers evidence-based policy advice on labor market issues. Supported by the Deutsche Post Foundation, IZA runs the world's largest network of economists, whose research aims to provide answers to the global labor market challenges of our time. Our key objective is to build bridges between academic research, policymakers and society. IZA Discussion Papers often represent preliminary work and are circulated to encourage discussion. Citation of such a paper should account for its provisional character. A revised version may be available directly from the author.
Viewing Input-Output (IO) tables as weighted complex networks, we investigate how certain charact... more Viewing Input-Output (IO) tables as weighted complex networks, we investigate how certain characteristics of an economy are associated with the internal structural "shape" defined by its IO flows, as considered separately from its absolute magnitude. In this initial exploration, we examine domestic Input-Output table data from the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) for 62 national economies from 7 different years spanning 1995 to 2011. By normalizing link weights so that information about absolute magnitudes is discarded, we consider only a network's "shape" as described by the relative magnitudes of flows between sectors. These normalized networks are then compared using three different similarity measures: one topological in the sense that it captures certain structural properties abstracted from their particular locations within the network, and others that are "geometric" in that they involve direct comparisons of corresponding intersectoral links at the same positions within their respective economies. Clustering analyses then indicate which aspects of an economy might be associated with the structural features captured by each of these perspectives. The topological perspective, provided here by zero-dimensional persistent homology barcodes of Input-Output networks, seems to distinguish economies of different magnitudes (as measured though the natural log of GDP and population) despite its consideration of network "shapes" as independent of their absolute sizes. This discrimination of size also coincides with differences in import and export percentages of GDP, demonstrating that the internal topological connectivity of an economy can provide indirect insight into its absolute size and the nature of its external flows. Meanwhile, "geometric" similarity measures distinguish economies in terms of a distinct set of indicators, confirming the presence of purely topological hallmarks of certain economic properties to which "geometric" perspectives are indiscriminate. Along with these preliminary observations, we discuss the potential for applying higher-dimensional persistent homology to study IO networks.
Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics, 2021
ABSTRACT Background Measles is highly infectious that leads to a high disease burden among the vu... more ABSTRACT Background Measles is highly infectious that leads to a high disease burden among the vulnerable population, especially in developing countries, despite the availability of highly effective measles vaccine. Immune amnesia, the resetting of the immune systems of infected patients, has been observed in developed countries. This paper is the first to use various African countries to evaluate the extent of immune amnesia. Methods We used two panel datasets from 46 African countries between 1990 and 2018 among children, one is the disease prevalence from Global Burden of Disease, and another is on the measles vaccination coverage from WHO/UNICEF Joint Reporting Form. We used panel regression to estimate the effect of measles prevalence or measles vaccination coverage on other disease prevalence (diarrhea, lower respiratory infection, malaria, meningitis, and tuberculosis). Results We found the strong evidence that the increase in the measles prevalence led to an increase in other disease prevalence and mortality. We also found that the increase in the measles vaccination coverage decreased the prevalence of and the mortality due to other diseases. Discussion and Conclusion Measles vaccination can have a large impact on children’s health because not only does it reduce the prevalence of measles cases and deaths but also could it potentially reduce the prevalence of and deaths due to other diseases.
Innovations towards Climate-Induced Disaster Risk Assessment and Response Masahiko Haraguchi A ch... more Innovations towards Climate-Induced Disaster Risk Assessment and Response Masahiko Haraguchi A changing climate may portend increasing disaster risk across many countries and business enterprises. While many aspects of the hazards, exposure and vulnerability that constitute disaster risk have been well studied, several challenges remain. A critical aspect that needs to be addressed is the rapid response and recovery from a climate-induced disaster. Often, governments need to allocate funds or design financial instruments that can be activated rapidly to mobilize response and recovery. The proposed research addresses this general problem, focusing on a few selected issues. First, there is the question of how to rapidly detect and index a climate hazard, such as a flood, given proxy remote sensing data on attributes that may be closely related to the hazard. The second is the need to robustly estimate the return periods of extreme climate hazards, and the temporal changes in their projected frequency of occurrence using multicentury climate proxies. The third is the need to assess the potential losses from the event, including the disruption of services, and cascading failure of interlinked infrastructure elements. The fourth is the impact on global and regional supply chains that are induced by the event, and the associated financial impact. For each of these cases, it is useful to ground an analysis and the development of an approach around real world examples, which can then collectively inform a strategy for emergency response. Here, this will be pursued through an analysis of flooding in the Philippines, livestock mortality induced by drought and freezing winter in Mongolia, Hurricane Sandy impacts in New York, supply chain impacts in Thailand, and an end to end analysis of the potential process using data from Thailand and Bangladesh. Collectively, these analyses are expected to inform climate hazard planning and securitization processes with broad applicability at a regional to national level.
The goal of this paper is to investigate the impact of Hurricane Sandy from the perspective of in... more The goal of this paper is to investigate the impact of Hurricane Sandy from the perspective of interdependence among different sectors of critical infrastructure in New York City and to assess the interconnected nature of risks posed by such a hurricane. Critical areas and sectors where interdependent risks led to a catastrophic cascading effect are identified. This study uses indirect damages of each sector to estimate the degree of interdependence among the sectors. The study examines the impact of the hurricane on different critical infrastructures by combining hazard maps of actual inundation areas with maps of critical infrastructure. The direct damages of each sector are calculated from the inundation areas in the flood map. The indirect damages are estimated by considering the areas that were not inundated but affected by Sandy through the interconnected infrastructure. The electricity sector was the key sector to propagate risks to other sectors. The examination of new initiatives to increase the resilience of critical infrastructures in New York City after Sandy reveals that these initiatives focus primarily on building hard infrastructures to decrease direct damages. They understate the importance of interdependent risk across sectors. Future disaster risk reduction strategies must address interdependent infrastructures to reduce indirect damages.
Disaster Prevention and Management: An International Journal, 2020
PurposeThis paper aims to examine how government continuity planning contributes to strengthening... more PurposeThis paper aims to examine how government continuity planning contributes to strengthening the public sector's emergency preparedness, resulting in enhanced resilience of the public sector. Government continuity plans (GCPs) are a recently focused concept in disaster preparedness, compared to business continuity plans (BCPs) in the private sector. The need for BCPs was widely recognized after the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake (GEJE) and the 2011 Thailand Floods. However, recent disasters, such as the 2016 Kumamoto Earthquake in Japan, have revealed that local governments without effective GCPs were severely affected by disasters, preventing them from quickly responding to or recovering from disasters. When the GEJE occurred in 2011, only 11% of municipal governments in Japan had GCPs.Design/methodology/approachThe paper analyzes basic principles of government continuity planning using complex adaptive systems (CAS) theory while summarizing recent developments in theory...
Journal of Disaster Research, 2016
During recent mega-disasters, such as the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake and the 2011 Thailand ... more During recent mega-disasters, such as the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake and the 2011 Thailand floods, interdependencies in supply chains caused substantial economic damage, often exacerbated by vulnerable small and medium enterprises (SMEs). Therefore, a new global framework in disaster risk reduction, the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030, mentions the role of the private sector in achieving a resilient society. However, the framework’s statements are abstract and they need to be converted into actionable agendas. This paper identifies future directions for private sector resilience to disasters, focusing on business continuity. Even though business continuity has been regarded as a critical factor in conventional disaster planning, Business Continuity Management (BCM), articulated as a holistic management process, tends to be designed and implemented selectively by each organization. To address SMEs and supply chain resilience, this paper proposes a new typ...
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Papers by Masahiko Haraguchi