This paper presents a framework that uses the outputs of model simplification to guide the constr... more This paper presents a framework that uses the outputs of model simplification to guide the construction of bounding volume hierarchies for use in, for example, collision detection. Simplified models, besides their application to multiresolution rendering, can provide clues to the object's shape. These clues help in the partitioning of the object's model into components that may be more tightly bounded by simple bounding volumes. The framework naturally employs both the bottom-up and the topdown approaches of hierarchy building, and thus can have the advantages of both approaches. Experimental results show that our method built on top of the framework can indeed improve the bounding volume hierarchy, and as a result, significantly speedup the collision detection.
A new kind of tripartite coherent-entangled state (CES) $\ket{\beta,\gamma, x}_{\mu\nu\tau}$ is p... more A new kind of tripartite coherent-entangled state (CES) $\ket{\beta,\gamma, x}_{\mu\nu\tau}$ is proposed, which exhibits the properties of both coherence and entanglement. We investigate its completeness and orthogonality, and find it can make up a representation of tripartite CES. A protocol for generating the tripartite CES is proposed using asymmetric beam splitter. Applications of the tripartite CES in quantum optics are also presented.
Energiára (szűkebb értelemben véve) -az ember megjelenésének korai időszakát leszámítva -mindig s... more Energiára (szűkebb értelemben véve) -az ember megjelenésének korai időszakát leszámítva -mindig szükség volt. A történelmi ókorban már nemcsak az állatok és az emberek energiáját hasznosították, hanem például a hajózásban a szél erejét is igénybe vették. Az energia fogalma az ipari forradalom időszakában értékelődött át, és közeledett a ma is használt jelentéséhez.
The efficiency and stability of RNA interference (RNAi) in perennial species, particularly in nat... more The efficiency and stability of RNA interference (RNAi) in perennial species, particularly in natural environments, is poorly understood. We studied 56 independent poplar RNAi transgenic events in the field over 2 years. A resident BAR transgene was targeted with two different types of RNAi constructs: a 475-bp IR of the promoter sequence and a 275-bp IR of the coding sequence, each with and without the presence of flanking matrix attachment regions (MARs). RNAi directed at the coding sequence was a strong inducer of gene silencing; 80% of the transgenic events showed more than 90% suppression. In contrast, RNAi targeting the promoter resulted in only 6% of transgenic events showing more than 90% suppression. The degree of suppression varied widely but was highly stable in each event over 2 years in the field, and had no association with insert copy number or the presence of MARs. RNAi remained stable during a winter to summer seasonal cycle, a time when expression of the targeted transgene driven by an rbcS promoter varied widely. When strong gene suppression was induced by an IR directed at the promoter sequence, it was accompanied by methylation of the homologous promoter region. DNA methylation was also observed in the coding region of highly suppressed events containing an IR directed at the coding sequence; however, the methylation degree and pattern varied widely among those suppressed events. Our results suggest that RNAi can be highly effective for functional genomics and biotechnology of perennial plants.
Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A-chemistry, 2001
The structure of 2,3-dicyano-5,6-dichloro-p-benzoquinone (DDQ) and its radical anion was optimize... more The structure of 2,3-dicyano-5,6-dichloro-p-benzoquinone (DDQ) and its radical anion was optimized by semi-empirical AM1, PM3, ab initio HF/3-21G, 6-31G, 6-31G(d), 6-31+G(d), and density functional B3LYP/6-31G(d), 6-31+G(d) methods. Nelsen's model was used to calculate the internal reorganization energy λ i . The results of λ i from the AM1, PM3 and B3LYP methods are reasonable, while those from the HF method are too large because of not considering the effect of electron correlation. The linear reaction coordinate R was used to construct the double-well potential surface for the donor and acceptor, and then the transition state was determined at the point of R = 0.50. Then Marcus's two-sphere model was applied to estimate the solvent reorganization energy λ o in different solvents CH 3 CN, benzonitrile, acetone, CHCl 3 , and CH 2 Cl 2 . The electron transfer (ET) matrix element V rp was calculated using two-state model. The self-exchange ET reaction rate constants k ET in different solvents were calculated and the results were consistent with the experimental values. The reason why the behavior of self-exchange ET reaction between DDQ and DDQ −• does not correlate with Marcus's theory was discussed as well.
Genetic trends for clinical mastitis (CM), ketosis (KET), retained placenta (RP), and 305-d prote... more Genetic trends for clinical mastitis (CM), ketosis (KET), retained placenta (RP), and 305-d protein yield (PY305) were calculated for 2 Norwegian dairy cattle selection experiments. The first experiment, accomplished from 1978 to 1989, included groups selected for high (HMP) and low milk production (LMP). The second experiment started in 1989 and included selection for high protein yield (HPY) and low mastitis frequency (LCM). In both experiments proven sires from the active breeding program of Norwegian Red were used as sires.
Allelic frequencies at the three most polymorphic loci of the HLA class II region (DRB1, DQA1 and... more Allelic frequencies at the three most polymorphic loci of the HLA class II region (DRB1, DQA1 and DQB1) were determined in the Nganasan and Ket, the remnants of the two most ancient groups in the Lower Yenisey River/ Taimyr Peninsula region in northern Siberia. By singlestranded conformational polymorphism typing, verified by sequencing, 19 HLA-DRB1-DQA1-DQB1 haplotypes and 15 HLA-DRB1, seven DQA1 and 11 DQB1 alleles were found. The most frequent alleles were DRB1*1301 (23.5%), DQA1*0103 (29.4%), *0501/03/05 (29.4%), and DQB1*0301/09 (32.4%) in the Ket, and DRB1*0901 (25%), DQA1*0301 (39.6%), and DQB1*0301/09 (37.5%) in the Nganasan. The distribution patterns and comprehensive phylogenic analysis based on the haplotype frequencies of 17 Siberian populations suggest that the founders of both the Ket and the Nganasan came from Palaeolithic populations in the Altai-Sayan Upland.
Several vertebrate microRNAs (miRNAs) have been implicated in cellular processes such as muscle d... more Several vertebrate microRNAs (miRNAs) have been implicated in cellular processes such as muscle differentiation, synapse function, and insulin secretion. In addition, analysis of Dicer null mutants has shown that miRNAs play a role in tissue morphogenesis. Nonetheless, only a few loss-of-function phenotypes for individual miRNAs have been described to date. Here, we introduce a quick and versatile method to interfere with miRNA function during zebrafish embryonic development. Morpholino oligonucleotides targeting the mature miRNA or the miRNA precursor specifically and temporally knock down miRNAs. Morpholinos can block processing of the primary miRNA (pri-miRNA) or the pre-miRNA, and they can inhibit the activity of the mature miRNA. We used this strategy to knock down 13 miRNAs conserved between zebrafish and mammals. For most miRNAs, this does not result in visible defects, but knockdown of miR-375 causes defects in the morphology of the pancreatic islet. Although the islet is still intact at 24 hours postfertilization, in later stages the islet cells become scattered. This phenotype can be recapitulated by independent control morpholinos targeting other sequences in the miR-375 precursor, excluding off-target effects as cause of the phenotype. The aberrant formation of the endocrine pancreas, caused by miR-375 knockdown, is one of the first lossof-function phenotypes for an individual miRNA in vertebrate development. The miRNA knockdown strategy presented here will be widely used to unravel miRNA function in zebrafish. Citation: Kloosterman WP, Lagendijk AK, Ketting RF, Moulton JD, Plasterk RHA (2007) Targeted inhibition of miRNA maturation with morpholinos reveals a role for miR-375 in pancreatic islet development. PLoS Biol 5(8): e203.
The Dirac's bra-ket formalism is generalized to finite-dimensional vector spaces with indefinite ... more The Dirac's bra-ket formalism is generalized to finite-dimensional vector spaces with indefinite metric in a simple mathematical context similar to thatof the theory of general tensors where, in addition, scalar products are introduced with the help of a metric operator. The specific calculation rules are given in a suitable intuitive notation. It is shown that the proposed bra-ket calculus is appropriate for the general theory of basis transformations and finite-dimensional representations of the symmetry groups of the metric operators. The presented application is the theory of finite-dimensional representations of the $SL(2,\Comp)$ group with invariant scalar products. Pacs: 02.10.Sp, 02.20.Qs
Objectives We used intravenous midazolam and ketamine for children undergoing minor operative pro... more Objectives We used intravenous midazolam and ketamine for children undergoing minor operative procedures with satisfactory results. We aimed to further evaluate its efficacy and adverse effects in pediatric ward setting. Methods This was a prospective study of all children undergoing minor operations with sedation in our pediatric general and oncology wards from July 1998 to June 1999. The procedures included lumber puncture±intrathecal chemotherapy, bone marrow aspiration±trephine biopsy, central venous catheter removal, skin biopsy, or their combination. All sedation procedures were started with midazolam 0.1 mg/kg and ketamine 1 mg/kg; they were increased gradually to 0.4 and 4 mg/kg, respectively, if necessary. Heart rate and SaO2 were continuously monitored. Results Altogether, 369 minor operations were performed in 112 patients (male:female=2:1, median age 6 years, range 5 months–17 years). All achieved adequate sedation, with 96% within 30 s and 75% required just the starting dose. Younger children required a higher dosage (p=0.003 for midazolam, pp=0.001). Adverse effects included tachycardia (27.9%), increased secretion (17.6%), agitation (13.6%), nausea and vomiting (9.2%), hallucination (8.7%), desaturation (8.4%), and cataleptic reaction (0.8%). All desaturation episodes were transient and responded to oxygen supplement alone. None developed bronchospasm or convulsion. Some adverse effects were dose-related. Half of the children who received 0.3 mg/kg midazolam developed desaturation. Conclusions Intravenous midazolam–ketamine can provide rapid, effective, and safe sedation for children undergoing minor operations in ward setting. Adverse effects are mild. Midazolam above 0.3 mg/kg should be used with caution.
[eng] Agricultural surpluses and exchanges the dilemmas of the european community - Supply and de... more [eng] Agricultural surpluses and exchanges the dilemmas of the european community - Supply and demand trends for agricultural products in the European Community lead to the accumulation of stocks that can be disposed of only with expensive subsidies. . However, some French economists do not seem to recognize that a surplus problem exists. They put forward an interpretation of history
Methamphetamine (MA), a commonly abused psychostimulant, induces the drug dependence by enhancing... more Methamphetamine (MA), a commonly abused psychostimulant, induces the drug dependence by enhancing the dopamine-mediated neurotransmission. Ketamine (KET) is a non-competitive N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist, which can be actually mixed with MA for polydrug abuse. In the present study, the individual and combined effects of KET (10 mg/kg, i.p.) and MA (1 mg/kg, i.p.) on conditioned place preference in rats were investigated. The alterations of serine 897 phosphorylations of NR1 receptors in the striatum and ventral tegmental area of after-conditioning rats were measured immunochemically. The results showed repeated administrations of MA, KET and their combination, at the doses studied, all could induce psychological dependences evaluated by conditioned place preference. KET was not able to suppress the MA-induced place preference. The modulations of NR1 phosphorylations in basal ganglia were partly responsible to place preference. Although the alterations induced by KET were not significant in most areas we studied, MA showed a significant increase in the ventral tegmental area but a marked decrease in caudate putamen and nucleus accumbens. Such alterations were much more significant when KET and MA were combined. These results have important implications for public awareness of harm with combined drug abuse. Further investigations toward the specific interaction of the two drugs are necessary.
2D face classification problem is very difficult because of the illumination, pose, expression an... more 2D face classification problem is very difficult because of the illumination, pose, expression and occlusion factor. The sparse Representation based classification (SRC) provides a significant amount of robustness against to illumination changes and noise. In this study, sparse approximation is used on face recognition and applied to “Extended Yale Face B” database. Results of sparse approximation classification are compared with Fisher Linear Discriminator.
This paper presents a framework that uses the outputs of model simplification to guide the constr... more This paper presents a framework that uses the outputs of model simplification to guide the construction of bounding volume hierarchies for use in, for example, collision detection. Simplified models, besides their application to multiresolution rendering, can provide clues to the object's shape. These clues help in the partitioning of the object's model into components that may be more tightly bounded by simple bounding volumes. The framework naturally employs both the bottom-up and the topdown approaches of hierarchy building, and thus can have the advantages of both approaches. Experimental results show that our method built on top of the framework can indeed improve the bounding volume hierarchy, and as a result, significantly speedup the collision detection.
A new kind of tripartite coherent-entangled state (CES) $\ket{\beta,\gamma, x}_{\mu\nu\tau}$ is p... more A new kind of tripartite coherent-entangled state (CES) $\ket{\beta,\gamma, x}_{\mu\nu\tau}$ is proposed, which exhibits the properties of both coherence and entanglement. We investigate its completeness and orthogonality, and find it can make up a representation of tripartite CES. A protocol for generating the tripartite CES is proposed using asymmetric beam splitter. Applications of the tripartite CES in quantum optics are also presented.
Energiára (szűkebb értelemben véve) -az ember megjelenésének korai időszakát leszámítva -mindig s... more Energiára (szűkebb értelemben véve) -az ember megjelenésének korai időszakát leszámítva -mindig szükség volt. A történelmi ókorban már nemcsak az állatok és az emberek energiáját hasznosították, hanem például a hajózásban a szél erejét is igénybe vették. Az energia fogalma az ipari forradalom időszakában értékelődött át, és közeledett a ma is használt jelentéséhez.
The efficiency and stability of RNA interference (RNAi) in perennial species, particularly in nat... more The efficiency and stability of RNA interference (RNAi) in perennial species, particularly in natural environments, is poorly understood. We studied 56 independent poplar RNAi transgenic events in the field over 2 years. A resident BAR transgene was targeted with two different types of RNAi constructs: a 475-bp IR of the promoter sequence and a 275-bp IR of the coding sequence, each with and without the presence of flanking matrix attachment regions (MARs). RNAi directed at the coding sequence was a strong inducer of gene silencing; 80% of the transgenic events showed more than 90% suppression. In contrast, RNAi targeting the promoter resulted in only 6% of transgenic events showing more than 90% suppression. The degree of suppression varied widely but was highly stable in each event over 2 years in the field, and had no association with insert copy number or the presence of MARs. RNAi remained stable during a winter to summer seasonal cycle, a time when expression of the targeted transgene driven by an rbcS promoter varied widely. When strong gene suppression was induced by an IR directed at the promoter sequence, it was accompanied by methylation of the homologous promoter region. DNA methylation was also observed in the coding region of highly suppressed events containing an IR directed at the coding sequence; however, the methylation degree and pattern varied widely among those suppressed events. Our results suggest that RNAi can be highly effective for functional genomics and biotechnology of perennial plants.
Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A-chemistry, 2001
The structure of 2,3-dicyano-5,6-dichloro-p-benzoquinone (DDQ) and its radical anion was optimize... more The structure of 2,3-dicyano-5,6-dichloro-p-benzoquinone (DDQ) and its radical anion was optimized by semi-empirical AM1, PM3, ab initio HF/3-21G, 6-31G, 6-31G(d), 6-31+G(d), and density functional B3LYP/6-31G(d), 6-31+G(d) methods. Nelsen's model was used to calculate the internal reorganization energy λ i . The results of λ i from the AM1, PM3 and B3LYP methods are reasonable, while those from the HF method are too large because of not considering the effect of electron correlation. The linear reaction coordinate R was used to construct the double-well potential surface for the donor and acceptor, and then the transition state was determined at the point of R = 0.50. Then Marcus's two-sphere model was applied to estimate the solvent reorganization energy λ o in different solvents CH 3 CN, benzonitrile, acetone, CHCl 3 , and CH 2 Cl 2 . The electron transfer (ET) matrix element V rp was calculated using two-state model. The self-exchange ET reaction rate constants k ET in different solvents were calculated and the results were consistent with the experimental values. The reason why the behavior of self-exchange ET reaction between DDQ and DDQ −• does not correlate with Marcus's theory was discussed as well.
Genetic trends for clinical mastitis (CM), ketosis (KET), retained placenta (RP), and 305-d prote... more Genetic trends for clinical mastitis (CM), ketosis (KET), retained placenta (RP), and 305-d protein yield (PY305) were calculated for 2 Norwegian dairy cattle selection experiments. The first experiment, accomplished from 1978 to 1989, included groups selected for high (HMP) and low milk production (LMP). The second experiment started in 1989 and included selection for high protein yield (HPY) and low mastitis frequency (LCM). In both experiments proven sires from the active breeding program of Norwegian Red were used as sires.
Allelic frequencies at the three most polymorphic loci of the HLA class II region (DRB1, DQA1 and... more Allelic frequencies at the three most polymorphic loci of the HLA class II region (DRB1, DQA1 and DQB1) were determined in the Nganasan and Ket, the remnants of the two most ancient groups in the Lower Yenisey River/ Taimyr Peninsula region in northern Siberia. By singlestranded conformational polymorphism typing, verified by sequencing, 19 HLA-DRB1-DQA1-DQB1 haplotypes and 15 HLA-DRB1, seven DQA1 and 11 DQB1 alleles were found. The most frequent alleles were DRB1*1301 (23.5%), DQA1*0103 (29.4%), *0501/03/05 (29.4%), and DQB1*0301/09 (32.4%) in the Ket, and DRB1*0901 (25%), DQA1*0301 (39.6%), and DQB1*0301/09 (37.5%) in the Nganasan. The distribution patterns and comprehensive phylogenic analysis based on the haplotype frequencies of 17 Siberian populations suggest that the founders of both the Ket and the Nganasan came from Palaeolithic populations in the Altai-Sayan Upland.
Several vertebrate microRNAs (miRNAs) have been implicated in cellular processes such as muscle d... more Several vertebrate microRNAs (miRNAs) have been implicated in cellular processes such as muscle differentiation, synapse function, and insulin secretion. In addition, analysis of Dicer null mutants has shown that miRNAs play a role in tissue morphogenesis. Nonetheless, only a few loss-of-function phenotypes for individual miRNAs have been described to date. Here, we introduce a quick and versatile method to interfere with miRNA function during zebrafish embryonic development. Morpholino oligonucleotides targeting the mature miRNA or the miRNA precursor specifically and temporally knock down miRNAs. Morpholinos can block processing of the primary miRNA (pri-miRNA) or the pre-miRNA, and they can inhibit the activity of the mature miRNA. We used this strategy to knock down 13 miRNAs conserved between zebrafish and mammals. For most miRNAs, this does not result in visible defects, but knockdown of miR-375 causes defects in the morphology of the pancreatic islet. Although the islet is still intact at 24 hours postfertilization, in later stages the islet cells become scattered. This phenotype can be recapitulated by independent control morpholinos targeting other sequences in the miR-375 precursor, excluding off-target effects as cause of the phenotype. The aberrant formation of the endocrine pancreas, caused by miR-375 knockdown, is one of the first lossof-function phenotypes for an individual miRNA in vertebrate development. The miRNA knockdown strategy presented here will be widely used to unravel miRNA function in zebrafish. Citation: Kloosterman WP, Lagendijk AK, Ketting RF, Moulton JD, Plasterk RHA (2007) Targeted inhibition of miRNA maturation with morpholinos reveals a role for miR-375 in pancreatic islet development. PLoS Biol 5(8): e203.
The Dirac's bra-ket formalism is generalized to finite-dimensional vector spaces with indefinite ... more The Dirac's bra-ket formalism is generalized to finite-dimensional vector spaces with indefinite metric in a simple mathematical context similar to thatof the theory of general tensors where, in addition, scalar products are introduced with the help of a metric operator. The specific calculation rules are given in a suitable intuitive notation. It is shown that the proposed bra-ket calculus is appropriate for the general theory of basis transformations and finite-dimensional representations of the symmetry groups of the metric operators. The presented application is the theory of finite-dimensional representations of the $SL(2,\Comp)$ group with invariant scalar products. Pacs: 02.10.Sp, 02.20.Qs
Objectives We used intravenous midazolam and ketamine for children undergoing minor operative pro... more Objectives We used intravenous midazolam and ketamine for children undergoing minor operative procedures with satisfactory results. We aimed to further evaluate its efficacy and adverse effects in pediatric ward setting. Methods This was a prospective study of all children undergoing minor operations with sedation in our pediatric general and oncology wards from July 1998 to June 1999. The procedures included lumber puncture±intrathecal chemotherapy, bone marrow aspiration±trephine biopsy, central venous catheter removal, skin biopsy, or their combination. All sedation procedures were started with midazolam 0.1 mg/kg and ketamine 1 mg/kg; they were increased gradually to 0.4 and 4 mg/kg, respectively, if necessary. Heart rate and SaO2 were continuously monitored. Results Altogether, 369 minor operations were performed in 112 patients (male:female=2:1, median age 6 years, range 5 months–17 years). All achieved adequate sedation, with 96% within 30 s and 75% required just the starting dose. Younger children required a higher dosage (p=0.003 for midazolam, pp=0.001). Adverse effects included tachycardia (27.9%), increased secretion (17.6%), agitation (13.6%), nausea and vomiting (9.2%), hallucination (8.7%), desaturation (8.4%), and cataleptic reaction (0.8%). All desaturation episodes were transient and responded to oxygen supplement alone. None developed bronchospasm or convulsion. Some adverse effects were dose-related. Half of the children who received 0.3 mg/kg midazolam developed desaturation. Conclusions Intravenous midazolam–ketamine can provide rapid, effective, and safe sedation for children undergoing minor operations in ward setting. Adverse effects are mild. Midazolam above 0.3 mg/kg should be used with caution.
[eng] Agricultural surpluses and exchanges the dilemmas of the european community - Supply and de... more [eng] Agricultural surpluses and exchanges the dilemmas of the european community - Supply and demand trends for agricultural products in the European Community lead to the accumulation of stocks that can be disposed of only with expensive subsidies. . However, some French economists do not seem to recognize that a surplus problem exists. They put forward an interpretation of history
Methamphetamine (MA), a commonly abused psychostimulant, induces the drug dependence by enhancing... more Methamphetamine (MA), a commonly abused psychostimulant, induces the drug dependence by enhancing the dopamine-mediated neurotransmission. Ketamine (KET) is a non-competitive N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist, which can be actually mixed with MA for polydrug abuse. In the present study, the individual and combined effects of KET (10 mg/kg, i.p.) and MA (1 mg/kg, i.p.) on conditioned place preference in rats were investigated. The alterations of serine 897 phosphorylations of NR1 receptors in the striatum and ventral tegmental area of after-conditioning rats were measured immunochemically. The results showed repeated administrations of MA, KET and their combination, at the doses studied, all could induce psychological dependences evaluated by conditioned place preference. KET was not able to suppress the MA-induced place preference. The modulations of NR1 phosphorylations in basal ganglia were partly responsible to place preference. Although the alterations induced by KET were not significant in most areas we studied, MA showed a significant increase in the ventral tegmental area but a marked decrease in caudate putamen and nucleus accumbens. Such alterations were much more significant when KET and MA were combined. These results have important implications for public awareness of harm with combined drug abuse. Further investigations toward the specific interaction of the two drugs are necessary.
2D face classification problem is very difficult because of the illumination, pose, expression an... more 2D face classification problem is very difficult because of the illumination, pose, expression and occlusion factor. The sparse Representation based classification (SRC) provides a significant amount of robustness against to illumination changes and noise. In this study, sparse approximation is used on face recognition and applied to “Extended Yale Face B” database. Results of sparse approximation classification are compared with Fisher Linear Discriminator.
Uploads
Papers by Ma Ket