Papers by Shivendra Kumar
Fish & Shellfish Immunology, 2007
A 60 days experiment was conducted to study the effect of dietary gelatinized (G) and non-gelatin... more A 60 days experiment was conducted to study the effect of dietary gelatinized (G) and non-gelatinized (NG) starch on immunomodulation of Labeo rohita juveniles. Two hundred and thirty four juveniles (av. wt. 2.53 AE 0.04) were randomly distributed in six treatment groups with each of three replicates. Six semi-purified diets containing NG and G corn starch, each at six levels of inclusion (0, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100) were prepared viz., T 1 (100% NG, 0% G starch), T 2 (80% NG, 20% G starch), T 3 (60% NG, 40% G starch), T 4 (40% NG, 60% G starch), T 5 (20% NG, 80% G starch) and T 6 (0% NG, 100% G starch). After a feeding period of 60 days, the juveniles were challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila to study their immunomodulation due to feeding of G and NG starch. RBC and haemoglobin content were significantly (P < 0.05) reduced due to bacterial challenge, but dietary starch (G/NG starch) had no effect on it. G:NG starch ratio in the feed had significant effect on total leukocyte count during pre-and post-challenge periods. The leukocyte count concomitantly increased with the increased level of G starch in the diet. Highest albumin/globulin (A/G) ratio was recorded in T6 group (100% G starch) and lowest in T1 group (100% NG starch) group followed by T2 group both in pre-and post-challenge periods. NBT, lysozyme activity, total protein and globulin content were highest in T2 group (80% NG, 20% G starch) both in pre-and post-challenge periods. After challenge with A. hydrophila, the highest survival was recorded in T2 group, whereas lowest survival was recorded in T6 group. Conclusively high level of G starch was found to be immunosuppressive in Labeo rohita juveniles and NG:G starch ratio of 80:20 seems to be optimum for promoting growth and protecting immunity in L. rohita juveniles.
Fish & Shellfish Immunology, 2006
The combined effect of dietary carbohydrate type and n-3 PUFA (EPA þ DHA) on pre-and post-challen... more The combined effect of dietary carbohydrate type and n-3 PUFA (EPA þ DHA) on pre-and post-challenge haematoimmunological responses in Labeo rohita juveniles was studied. Fish were fed for 67 days with six different test diets containing either gelatinised (G) or non-gelatinised (NG) corn (43%) with three levels of n-3 PUFA (0.5%, 1.0% and 2.0%). During the prechallenge period, significantly higher (P < 0.05) NBT, serum lysozyme activity, total protein and globulin content was recorded in the NG carbohydrate fed groups. Highest NBT value was recorded in the groups fed with 1.0% n-3 PUFA, whereas the highest serum lysozyme activity (P < 0.05) was recorded at either 0.5% or 2.0% n-3 PUFA fed groups in both the pre-and post-challenge period. Feeding of NG corn significantly increased the total leucocyte count, lysozyme activity, A/G ratio and decreased the total erythrocyte count, haemoglobin, serum total protein and globulin content of L. rohita juveniles during the post-challenge period. Similarly, feeding of n-3 PUFA at any level significantly increased the immunological parameters like lysozyme activity or A/G ratio, whereas total leukocyte count increased due to feeding of either 0.5% or 1.0% n-3 PUFA. The NBT and albumin values remained similar in both the pre-and post-challenge period. After challenge with Aeromonas hydrophila, the highest survival was recorded in the NG carbohydrate fed groups, whereas the lowest survival was recorded in the highest level of n-3 PUFA fed group irrespective of dietary carbohydrate type. Thus, a high level of G carbohydrate as well as n-3 PUFA is found to be immunosuppressive in L. rohita juveniles. NG carbohydrate supplemented with 1.0% n-3 PUFA is found to be optimum to enhance the immunity in L. rohita juveniles.
Fish Physiology and Biochemistry, 2011
A feeding trail of 60 days was conducted for delineating the effect of dietary aflatoxin (AFB1) w... more A feeding trail of 60 days was conducted for delineating the effect of dietary aflatoxin (AFB1) with or without supplementation of a mixture of mould inhibitor (0.25% clove oil + 0.32% sodium propionate) on haematology, respiratory burst activity and histology of Labeo rohita fingerlings. Three hundred and sixty fishes (avg. wt. 1.48–1.54 g) were randomly distributed into eight treatment groups. Eight experimental diets with four different levels of aflatoxin (0, 10, 20 and 40 ppb) with or without mould inhibitor were prepared. Haematological parameters like total serum protein, albumin, globulin and A:G ratio were significantly (P < 0.05) reduced with increasing levels of aflatoxin in the diet. However, supplementation of mould inhibitor showed enhanced values when compared to non-supplemented counter parts suggesting ameliorating effects of mould inhibitor on aflatoxin. Total leucocyte count was higher in aflatoxin-treated groups. Histological observations were complementary to haematological parameters. Respiratory burst activity was significantly (P < 0.05) decreased in higher aflatoxin-treated groups but not affected significantly (P > 0.05) due to inclusion of inhibitor alone and/or interaction of aflatoxin level and inhibitor in the diet. From this study, it was concluded that up to 20 ppb aflatoxin level in the diet the haemato-immunological parameters are protected.
Fish & Shellfish Immunology, 2005
A feeding trial was conducted for 60 days to delineate the effect of dietary carbohydrate on the ... more A feeding trial was conducted for 60 days to delineate the effect of dietary carbohydrate on the haematology, respiratory burst activity and histology in Labeo rohita juveniles. One hundred and forty four fish (av. wt. 10 G 0.15 g) were randomly distributed into 12 treatment groups with each of two replicates. Twelve semi-purified diets with either 35% or 28% of crude protein were prepared with different amylase concentrations (0, 50, 100 and 150 mg kg ÿ1 ) and starch type (gelatinised, G/non-gelatinised, NG) designated as T 1 (NG, 35% CP, 0 mg kg ÿ1 amylase), T 2 (G, 35% CP, 0 mg kg ÿ1 amylase), T 3 (NG, 28% CP, 50 mg kg ÿ1 amylase), T 4 (NG, 35% CP, 50 mg kg ÿ1 amylase), T 5 (G, 28% CP, 50 mg kg ÿ1 amylase), T 6 (G, 35% CP, 50 mg kg ÿ1 amylase), T 7 (NG, 28% CP, 100 mg kg ÿ1 amylase), T 8 (NG, 35% CP, 100 mg kg ÿ1 amylase), T 9 (G, 28% CP, 100 mg kg ÿ1 amylase), T 10 (G, 35% CP, 100 mg kg ÿ1 amylase), T 11 (NG, 28% CP, 150 mg kg ÿ1 amylase) and T 12 (NG, 35% CP, 150 mg kg ÿ1 amylase). The fish were acclimatised to the experimental conditions for 15 days during which time the control diet was fed. The blood haemoglobin percentage and RBC count was not significantly different (P O 0.05) among the various treatments. Highest WBC count, total plasma protein, serum globulin and respiratory burst activity was found at 50 mg kg ÿ1 dietary amylase supplementation, whereas no variation (P O 0.05) was found at 0, 100 and 150 mg kg ÿ1 dietary amylase supplementation. There was no difference (P O 0.05) in the serum albumin and AG ratio among the experimental groups. Feeding either gelatinised or non-gelatinised carbohydrate did not affect the histological structure of the liver, kidney and intestine except in the T 4 and T 7 groups. The T 4 group showed hyperplasia of the intestine and moderate vacuolation in hepatic cells, whereas the T 7 group showed hyperplasia of the intestine. Non-gelatinised carbohydrates (46%) along with supplementation with 50 mg kg ÿ1 amylase stimulated the immune system in L. rohita juveniles. But supplementation of amylase to the gelatinised carbohydrate had no immunostimulating effect.
Fish Physiology and Biochemistry, 2010
A 60-day experiment was conducted to study the effect of dietary gelatinized (G) and non-gelatini... more A 60-day experiment was conducted to study the effect of dietary gelatinized (G) and non-gelatinized (NG) starch on the key metabolic enzymes of glycolysis (hexokinase, glucokinase, pyruvate kinase, and lactate dehydrogenase), gluconeogenesis (glucose-6 phosphatase and fructose-1,6 bisphosphatase), protein metabolism (aspartate amino transferase and alanine amino transferase), and TCA cycle (malate dehydrogenase) in Labeo rohita juveniles. In the analysis, 234 juveniles (2.53 ± 0.04 g) were randomly distributed into six treatment groups each with three replicates. Six semi-purified diets containing NG and G cornstarch, each at six levels of inclusion (0, 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100) were prepared viz., T1 (100% NG, 0% G starch), T2 (80% NG, 20% G starch), T3 (60% NG, 40% G starch), T4 (40% NG, 60% G starch), T5 (20% NG, 80% G starch), and T6 (0% NG, 100% G starch). Dietary G:NG starch ratio had a significant (P < 0.05) effect on the glycolytic enzymes, the highest activities were observed in the T6 group and lowest in the T1 group. On the contrary, the gluconeogenic enzymes, the glucose-6-phosphatase and fructose-1,6 bisphosphatase activities in the organs, liver and kidney were recorded highest in the T1 group and lowest in the T6 group. The liver aspartate amino transferase activity showed an increasing trend with the decrease in the dietary G level. However, the muscle aspartate amino transferase activity was not significantly (P > 0.05) influenced by the type of dietary starch. The alanine amino transferase activity in both liver and muscle showed an increasing trend with the decrease in the dietary G level. The liver and muscle malate dehydrogenase activities were lowest in the T6 group and highest in the T1 group. Results suggest that NG (100%) starch diet significantly induced more the enzyme activities of amino acid metabolism, gluconeogenesis, and TCA cycle, whereas partial or total replacement of raw starch by gelatinized starch increased the glycolytic enzyme activity.
Fish & Shellfish Immunology, 2007
A preliminary study with 60 days feeding was conducted to study the immunomodulatory role of diff... more A preliminary study with 60 days feeding was conducted to study the immunomodulatory role of different immunostimulants like b-carotene, u-3 fatty acid and yeast-RNA in Catla catla fingerlings. Two hundred and sixty four fingerlings were randomly distributed into eight treatment groups with each of three replicates. Eight isonitrogenous (crude protein 34.12e35.40%) and isocaloric (458.41e461.48 kcal/100 g) purified diets were prepared with graded level of b-carotene, u-3 fatty acid and yeast-RNA viz., Control (basal diet), T 1 (Basal þ 1% u-3 fatty acid), T 2 (Basal þ 3% u-3 fatty acid), T 3 (Basal þ b-carotene), T 4 (T 1 þ bcarotene), T 5 (T 2 þ b-carotene), T 6 (Basal þ 0.4% yeast-RNA) and T 7 (Basal þ 0.8% yeast-RNA). The immunomodulatory effects of dietary immunostimulants were studied in terms of respiratory burst activity (NBT) of blood phagocytes, total leukocyte count, serum total protein, serum globulin, A/G ratio (A/G) and serum lysozyme activity. The respiratory burst activity of T 7 group was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than the other groups. Haemoglobin content, total erythrocyte count and serum albumin content did not vary among the treatment groups, whereas total leukocyte count, serum globulin content and serum lysozyme activity were found to be highest in T 7 group. Relative survival percent after challenge with Aeromonas hydrophila was also highest in T 7 (88.88%) group followed by T 6 (75.06%) and T 4 (66.66%) and the lowest in T 2 group. It was observed that total leucocyte count, NBT and lysozyme activity of T 2 group fed with high u-3 fatty acid (3%) was less than (p < 0.05) its lower counterparts T 1 (1%) and control group. Based on the results of the present study, it concludes that supplementation of yeast-RNA at 0.8% registered higher immunological responses in C. catla juveniles. It is also observed that higher supplementation of u-3 fatty acid (3%) in the diet causes immunosuppression in C. catla juveniles.
Fish & Shellfish Immunology, 2005
A feeding trial was conducted for 60 days to delineate the effect of dietary ribonucleic acid or ... more A feeding trial was conducted for 60 days to delineate the effect of dietary ribonucleic acid or chitin on haematological parameters, phagocyte respiratory burst and resistance to Aeromonas hydrophila of Labeo rohita juveniles. One hundred and twenty-six (avg. wt. 13.40G0.17 g) juveniles were randomly distributed in six treatment groups, each one in three replicates. Six isonitrogenous (crude protein: 34.34e35.37%) and isocaloric (414e425 kcal 100 g ÿ1 ) purified diets were prepared with different concentrations of either ribonucleic acid or chitin except the control group, viz., control, T1 (0.1% ribonucleic acid), T2 (0.2% ribonucleic acid), T3 (0.4% ribonucleic acid), T4 (25mg chitin kg ÿ1 ) and T5 (50 mg chitin kg ÿ1 ). Weight gain %, specific growth rate, feed efficiency ratio, protein efficiency ratio did not vary significantly (P>0.05) among the experimental groups. Haemoglobin content and total erythrocyte count were observed within the normal range and were not influenced by the dietary immunostimulants. Highest total leukocyte count was found in the T 3 group. The immunomodulatory effects of dietary immunostimulants were studied by using nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) assay and serum parameters, namely total protein, albumin, globulin and A/G ratio. The respiratory burst activity (NBT) of blood phagocytes was highest in the T3 group followed by the T2 group, which varied significantly (P!0.05) from other groups. Significantly (P!0.05) higher total protein, globulin and lower A/G ratio was observed in the T 3 group. The relative percent survival after challenging with Aeromonas hydrophila was highest in the T3 group, compared to the control group, followed by the T2 group. The results indicate that dietary ribonucleic acid at 0.4% enhances phagocyte respiratory burst and protection of Labeo rohita juveniles to challenge by A. hydrophila.
Aquaculture, 2007
Three experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of different dose and route of administra... more Three experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of different dose and route of administration of 5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and Gamma Amino Butyric Acid (GABA) on growth, survival and pigmentation of giant freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii, larvae (experiment 1) and post larvae (experiment 2 and 3). In experiment 1 larva were stocked at 100 /L in seven different treatments with each of three replicates. The treatments were T1 (control), T2 (100 μg/ml of 5-HT bath exposure for 2 days), T3 (1 μM of GABA bath exposure for 2 days), T4 (0.5% 5-HT in feed), T5 (0.25% 5-HT in feed), T6 (0.5% GABA in feed) and T7 (0.25% GABA in feed). Highest growth, transformation rate, pigmentation and survival of larvae were recorded in T2 group in experiment 1. In experiment 2, post larvae were stocked at 70 per tank with 200 L of water for 45 days. This experiment consisted of 5 treatment groups with each of 3 replication viz. T1 (control), T2 (0.5% 5-HT in feed), T3 (0.25% 5-HT in feed), T4 (0.5% GABA in feed) and T5 (0.25% GABA in feed). At the end of this experiment growth was found to be higher in the control than the other treatment group showing inhibitory effect of 5-HT and GABA on growth of post larvae. To confirm the result, a third experiment was conducted for 30 days. Thirty numbers of post larvae having similar size were segregated from the previous experimental tanks (experiment 2) and stocked in the tanks of 100 L of water for experiment 3. All treatments were fed with control diet. There was similar growth pattern in all the treatments, which were higher (P b 0.05) than control, confirms the inhibitory effect of neurotransmitter in the diet of PL. Therefore, the overall results of the present study suggest that the bath treatment of neurotransmitter is superior to the dietary addition with regard to the growth, survival and pigmentation of M. rosenbergii larvae. 5-HT is more effective than the GABA for larvae of M. rosenbergii.
Aquaculture Research, 2006
A feeding trial was conducted for 60 days to delineate the effect of both gelatinized and non-gel... more A feeding trial was conducted for 60 days to delineate the effect of both gelatinized and non-gelatinized corn with or without supplementation of exogenous α-amylase at two level of protein 35% (optimum) and 27% (sub-optimum) on growth, tissue composition and protein sparing effect of carbohydrate in the diet of Labeo rohita fingerlings. Three hundred and sixty fingerlings (average weight 10.00±0.15 g) were randomly distributed in 12 treatment groups with two replicates for each. Twelve semi-purified diets containing either 35% or 27% CP were prepared with different levels of α-amylase (0, 50, 100 and 150 mg kg−1) and starch type [gelatinized (G)/non-gelatinized, (NG)] viz. T1 (NG, 35% CP, 0 mg kg−1α-amylase), T2 (G, 35% CP, 0 mg kg−1α-amylase), T3 (NG, 27% CP, 50 mg kg−1α-amylase), T4 (NG, 35% CP, 50 mg kg−1α-amylase), T5 (G, 27% CP, 50 mg kg−1α-amylase), T6 (G, 35% CP, 50 mg kg−1α-amylase), T7 (NG, 27% CP, 100 mg kg−1α-amylase), T8 (NG, 35% CP, 100 mg kg−1α-amylase), T9 (G, 27% CP, 100 mg kg−1α-amylase), T10 (G, 35% CP, 100 mg kg−1α-amylase), T11 (NG, 27% CP, 150 mg kg−1α-amylase) and T12 (NG, 35% CP, 150 mg kg−1α-amylase). The fish were acclimatized to the experimental condition for 24 days during which control diet (NG, 35% CP) was fed. Weight gain percentage, specific growth rate, protein efficiency ratio and apparent net protein utilization of NG corn-fed groups at 42.43% were significantly higher (P<0.05) than the same level of G corn-fed groups. We conclude that 42.43% NG corn supplemented with 50 mg α-amylase kg−1 feed at sub-optimum level of CP (27%) significantly enhanced the growth and protein in L. rohita fingerling. Addition of dietary α-amylase to G corn had no added advantage on growth of L. rohita fingerling.
Journal of The World Aquaculture Society, 2010
A 60-d feeding trial was conducted to study the effect of dietary gelatinized (G) and nongelatini... more A 60-d feeding trial was conducted to study the effect of dietary gelatinized (G) and nongelatinized (NG) starch on deposition of nucleic acid in liver and muscle of Labeo rohita juveniles. Two hundred and thirty-four juveniles (av. wt. 2.53 ± 0.04 g) were randomly distributed into six triplicate experimental groups. Six semipurified diets containing graded levels of (0, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100) NG and G corn starch, were prepared accordingly: T1 (100% NG, 0% G); T2 (80% NG, 20% G); T3 (60% NG, 40% G); T4 (40% NG, 60% G); T5 (20% NG, 80% G); and T6 (0% NG, 100% G). After a feeding period of 60 d, DNA content in muscle and liver decreased linearly with increasing level of G starch in the diet, whereas protein/DNA in muscle increased linearly with increasing levels of G starch in the diet. No significant effect of G starch on RNA deposition in liver and muscle was found. RNA/DNA ratio increased linearly with increasing level of gelatinized starch in the diet. Results from this study indicate that protein/DNA and RNA/DNA ratio in muscle increase with increasing levels of G starch in the diet, which also reflects in terms of growth performance.
Research in Veterinary Science, 2011
a b s t r a c t A feeding trial was conducted for 60 days to study the immunomodulatory role of t... more a b s t r a c t A feeding trial was conducted for 60 days to study the immunomodulatory role of three different immunostimulants yeast extract (YE), brewer's yeast (BY) and spirulina (SP) in Labeo rohita fingerlings. Four hundred and fifty fingerlings (avg. wt 3.35 ± 0.15 g) were randomly distributed in ten treatments and fed with either of ten iso-nitrogenous and iso-caloric semi-purified diets, prepared with three incremental levels (1%, 2% and 4%) of different immunostimulants except the control. Growth parameters did not vary significantly (p > 0.05) among the experimental groups. Haematology and serum parameters was performed before Aeromonas hydrophila challenge whereas respiratory burst activity was analysed following challenge. The respiratory burst activity, total leucocyte count, serum total protein and globulin was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in YE 1% supplemented group. The survival (%) after challenging with A. hydrophila was also highest in the YE fed groups. The results indicate that among the different sources and levels of immunostimulants, YE at lower inclusion level is more effective in promoting the immune status of L. rohita fingerlings.
Aquaculture Research, 2009
The present study was conducted for 60 days to delineate the efficacy of various dietary immunomo... more The present study was conducted for 60 days to delineate the efficacy of various dietary immunomodulators like mannan oligosaccharide (MOS), yeast extract (YE), protein hydrolysate (PH) and chlorella (CL) in Labeo rohita fingerlings. Five hundred and eighty-five L. rohita fingerlings (average weight: 4.15 ± 0.07 g) were randomly distributed in 13 treatment groups with each of three replicates. Thirteen semi-purified isonitrogenous (crude protein 324.7–332.5 g kg−1) and isocaloric (17.66–17.80 MJ kg−1) diets were prepared with three graded levels (1%, 2% or 4%) of immunostimulants, except the control. At the end of the feeding trial, weight gain%, specific growth rate, feed conversion ratio, leucocyte count, erythrocyte count, haemoglobin content, serum protein, globulin, albumin–globulin ratio, nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) value and survival percentage were evaluated. Growth was significantly higher in the MOS-fed group. All the immune parameters studied were also recorded higher in the MOS 1%-supplemented group. The survival percentage after challenging with Aeromonas hydrophila was higher (P<0.05) in the MOS-, YE- and PH-fed groups and the lowest in the CL-treated group. It can be concluded that dietary supplementation of MOS at a 1% dietary level promotes growth and survival in L. rohita fingerlings. In contrast, higher inclusion levels of immunostimulants led to an immunosuppressive effect in L. rohita fingerlings.
Animal Feed Science and Technology, 2007
A feeding trial was conducted for 60 days to determine the effect of dietary tannin on growth and... more A feeding trial was conducted for 60 days to determine the effect of dietary tannin on growth and health status of Labeo rohita fingerlings. One hundred and eighty fingerlings (average weight 3.2 g) were randomly distributed into six treatment groups with three replicates each. Six isonitrogenous (crude protein 339.8-351.1 g/kg feed) and isocaloric (16.51-16.65 MJ DE/kg) practical diets were prepared with graded levels of tannin, viz. control, T 1 (2.5 g/kg), T 2 (5 g/kg), T 3 (10 g/kg), T 4 (15 g/kg) and T 5 (20 g/kg). Addition of tannin up to 20 g/kg did not affect the weight gain (%), specific growth rate, feed conversion ratio, protein efficiency ratio, and apparent net protein utilization of fingerings significantly (P>0.05). The hepato somatic index value of control group was lowest than the other experimental groups. The muscle cholesterol level and haemoglobin count in the different treatments was significantly increased compared with the control. The immunological parameters like total leucocyte count and respiratory burst activity was significantly increased in tannin-fed groups. Based on the results of the present study, it is concluded that short-term feeding for 60 days of hydrolysable tannin has no adverse effect on growth A u t h o r ' s p e r s o n a l c o p y A.K. Prusty et al. / Animal Feed Science and Technology 136 (2007) 96-108 97 of L. rohita fingerlings. Hence feeding of hydrolysable tannin on a long-term basis needs further study.
Fish Physiology and Biochemistry
The amelioration effect of high dietary protein against stress was evaluated in Labeo rohita fing... more The amelioration effect of high dietary protein against stress was evaluated in Labeo rohita fingerlings, exposed to heat shock. Two hundred and forty fingerlings (6.57 ± 0.04 g, average weight ± SE) were randomly distributed into 4 treatment groups, each with 4 replicates was fed with either of four diets containing different levels of protein (20, 30, 40 or 45%). Water temperatures of all the treatments were within the range of 25.5–26.5°C throughout the experimental period of 30 days. After 30 days of feeding, fish were given heat shock by exposing to 38°C for 2 h. Heat shock significantly decreased (P < 0.05) liver glycogen content in treatment groups fed with 20 and 30% dietary protein, whereas unaffected in the 40 and 45% protein-fed groups. Heat shock significantly increased (P < 0.05) serum glucose and cortisol level in all the treatments. The 40 and 45% dietary protein–fed groups registered significantly higher survival (%) after the heat shock compared with their lower-protein counterparts. Heat shock increased the glycolytic, gluconeogenic, protein metabolic and antioxidative enzymes to cope up with thermal stress. Our results indicate that high-protein diet (≥40%) combats the stress due to heat shock in Labeo rohita.
Fish Physiology and Biochemistry, 2009
A 60-day feeding trial was conducted to delineate the effect of both gelatinized (G) and non-gela... more A 60-day feeding trial was conducted to delineate the effect of both gelatinized (G) and non-gelatinized (NG) corn with or without supplementation of exogenous α-amylase, either at optimum (35%) or sub-optimum (27%) protein levels, on blood glucose, and the key metabolic enzymes of glycolysis (hexokinase, HK), gluconeogenesis (glucose-6 phosphatase, G6Pase and fructose-1,6 bisphosphatase, FBPase), lipogenesis (glucose-6 phaosphate dehydrogenase, G6PD) and amino acid metabolism (alanine amino transfersae, ALT and aspartate amino transferase, AST) in Labeo rohita. Three hundred and sixty juveniles (average weight 10 ± 0.15 g) were randomly distributed into 12 treatment groups with each of two replicates. Twelve semi-purified diets containing either 35 or 27% crude protein were prepared by including G or NG corn as carbohydrate source with different levels of microbial α-amylase (0, 50, 100 and 150 mg kg−1). The G corn fed groups showed significantly higher (P < 0.05) blood glucose and G6PD activity, whereas G6Pase, FBPase, ALT and AST activity in liver was higher in the NG corn fed group. Dietary corn type, α-amylase level in diet or their interaction had no significant effect (P > 0.05) on liver HK activity, but the optimum crude protein (35%) fed group showed higher HK activity than their low protein counterparts. The sub-optimum crude protein (27%) fed group showed significantly higher (P < 0.05) G6PD activity than the optimum protein fed group, whereas the reverse trend was observed for HK, G6Pase, FBPase, ALT and AST activity. Addition of 50 mg α-amylase kg−1 feed showed increased blood glucose and G6PD activity of the NG corn fed group, whereas the reverse trend was found for G6Pase, FBPase, ALT and AST activity in liver, which was similar to that of the G or NG corn supplemented with 100/150 mg α-amylase kg−1 feed. Data on enzyme activities suggest that NG corn in the diet significantly induced more gluconeogenic and amino acid metabolic enzyme activity, whereas G corn induced increased lipogenic enzyme activity. Increased amino acid catabolic enzyme (ALT and AST) activity was observed either at optimum protein (35%) irrespective of corn type or NG corn without supplementation of α-amylase irrespective of protein level in the diet.
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Papers by Shivendra Kumar