src/win/process.c

/* Copyright Joyent, Inc. and other Node contributors. All rights reserved.
 *
 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to
 * deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the
 * rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or
 * sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
 * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
 *
 * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
 * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
 *
 * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
 * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
 * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
 * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
 * FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS
 * IN THE SOFTWARE.
 */

#include "uv.h"
#include "../uv-common.h"
#include "internal.h"

#include <stdio.h>
#include <assert.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <windows.h>

typedef struct env_var {
  const char* narrow;
  const wchar_t* wide;
  int len; /* including null or '=' */
  int supplied;
  int value_len;
} env_var_t;

#define E_V(str) { str "=", L##str, sizeof(str), 0, 0 }

#define UTF8_TO_UTF16(s, t)                               \
  size = uv_utf8_to_utf16(s, NULL, 0) * sizeof(wchar_t);  \
  t = (wchar_t*)malloc(size);                             \
  if (!t) {                                               \
    uv_fatal_error(ERROR_OUTOFMEMORY, "malloc");          \
  }                                                       \
  if (!uv_utf8_to_utf16(s, t, size / sizeof(wchar_t))) {  \
    uv_set_sys_error(GetLastError());                     \
    err = -1;                                             \
    goto done;                                            \
  }


static const wchar_t DEFAULT_PATH_EXT[10] = L".COM;.EXE";


static void uv_process_init(uv_process_t* handle) {
  handle->type = UV_PROCESS;
  handle->flags = 0;
  handle->error = uv_ok_;
  handle->exit_cb = NULL;
  handle->pid = 0;
  handle->exit_signal = 0;
  handle->wait_handle = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
  handle->process_handle = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
  handle->close_handle = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
  handle->stdio_pipes[0].server_pipe = NULL;
  handle->stdio_pipes[0].child_pipe = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
  handle->stdio_pipes[1].server_pipe = NULL;
  handle->stdio_pipes[1].child_pipe = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
  handle->stdio_pipes[2].server_pipe = NULL;
  handle->stdio_pipes[2].child_pipe = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;

  uv_req_init((uv_req_t*)&handle->exit_req);
  handle->exit_req.type = UV_PROCESS_EXIT;
  handle->exit_req.data = handle;
  uv_req_init((uv_req_t*)&handle->close_req);
  handle->close_req.type = UV_PROCESS_CLOSE;
  handle->close_req.data = handle;

  uv_counters()->handle_init++;
  uv_counters()->process_init++;

  uv_ref();
}


/*
 * Path search functions
 */

/*
 * Helper function for search_path
 */
static wchar_t* search_path_join_test(const wchar_t* dir,
                                      int dir_len,
                                      const wchar_t* name,
                                      int name_len,
                                      const wchar_t* ext,
                                      int ext_len,
                                      const wchar_t* cwd,
                                      int cwd_len) {
  wchar_t *result, *result_pos;
  DWORD attrs;

  if (dir_len >= 1 && (dir[0] == L'/' || dir[0] == L'\\')) {
    /* It's a full path without drive letter, use cwd's drive letter only */
    cwd_len = 2;
  } else if (dir_len >= 2 && dir[1] == L':' &&
      (dir_len < 3 || (dir[2] != L'/' && dir[2] != L'\\'))) {
    /* It's a relative path with drive letter (ext.g. D:../some/file)
     * Replace drive letter in dir by full cwd if it points to the same drive,
     * otherwise use the dir only.
     */
    if (cwd_len < 2 || _wcsnicmp(cwd, dir, 2) != 0) {
      cwd_len = 0;
    } else {
      dir += 2;
      dir_len -= 2;
    }
  } else if (dir_len > 2 && dir[1] == L':') {
    /* It's an absolute path with drive letter
     * Don't use the cwd at all
     */
    cwd_len = 0;
  }

  /* Allocate buffer for output */
  result = result_pos =
      (wchar_t*)malloc(sizeof(wchar_t) * (cwd_len + 1 + dir_len + 1 + name_len + 1 + ext_len + 1));

  /* Copy cwd */
  wcsncpy(result_pos, cwd, cwd_len);
  result_pos += cwd_len;

  /* Add a path separator if cwd didn't end with one */
  if (cwd_len && wcsrchr(L"\\/:", result_pos[-1]) == NULL) {
    result_pos[0] = L'\\';
    result_pos++;
  }

  /* Copy dir */
  wcsncpy(result_pos, dir, dir_len);
  result_pos += dir_len;

  /* Add a separator if the dir didn't end with one */
  if (dir_len && wcsrchr(L"\\/:", result_pos[-1]) == NULL) {
    result_pos[0] = L'\\';
    result_pos++;
  }

  /* Copy filename */
  wcsncpy(result_pos, name, name_len);
  result_pos += name_len;

  /* Copy extension */
  if (ext_len) {
    result_pos[0] = L'.';
    result_pos++;
    wcsncpy(result_pos, ext, ext_len);
    result_pos += ext_len;
  }

  /* Null terminator */
  result_pos[0] = L'\0';

  attrs = GetFileAttributesW(result);

  if (attrs != INVALID_FILE_ATTRIBUTES &&
     !(attrs & (FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY | FILE_ATTRIBUTE_REPARSE_POINT))) {
    return result;
  }

  free(result);
  return NULL;
}


/*
 * Helper function for search_path
 */
static wchar_t* path_search_walk_ext(const wchar_t *dir,
                                     int dir_len,
                                     const wchar_t *name,
                                     int name_len,
                                     wchar_t *cwd,
                                     int cwd_len,
                                     const wchar_t *path_ext,
                                     int name_has_ext) {
  wchar_t* result = NULL;

  const wchar_t *ext_start,
              *ext_end = path_ext;

  /* If the name itself has a nonemtpy extension, try this extension first */
  if (name_has_ext) {
    result = search_path_join_test(dir, dir_len,
                                   name, name_len,
                                   L"", 0,
                                   cwd, cwd_len);
  }

  /* Add path_ext extensions and try to find a name that matches */
  while (result == NULL) {
    if (*ext_end == L'\0') {
      break;
    }

    /* Skip the separator that ext_end now points to */
    if (ext_end != path_ext) {
      ext_end++;
    }

    /* Find the next dot in path_ext */
    ext_start = wcschr(ext_end, L'.');
    if (ext_start == NULL) {
      break;
    }

    /* Skip the dot */
    ext_start++;

    /* Slice until we found a ; or alternatively a \0 */
    ext_end = wcschr(ext_start, L';');
    if (ext_end == NULL) {
       ext_end = wcschr(ext_start, '\0');
    }

    result = search_path_join_test(dir, dir_len,
                                   name, name_len,
                                   ext_start, (ext_end - ext_start),
                                   cwd, cwd_len);
  }

  return result;
}


/*
 * search_path searches the system path for an executable filename -
 * the windows API doesn't provide this as a standalone function nor as an
 * option to CreateProcess.
 *
 * It tries to return an absolute filename.
 *
 * Furthermore, it tries to follow the semantics that cmd.exe uses as closely
 * as possible:
 *
 * - Do not search the path if the filename already contains a path (either
 *   relative or absolute).
 *     (but do use path_ext)
 *
 * - If there's really only a filename, check the current directory for file,
 *   then search all path directories.
 *
 * - If filename specifies has *any* extension, search for the file with the
 *   specified extension first.
 *     (not necessary an executable one or one that appears in path_ext;
 *      *but* no extension or just a dot is *not* allowed)
 *
 * - If the literal filename is not found in a directory, try *appending*
 *   (not replacing) extensions from path_ext in the specified order.
 *     (an extension consisting of just a dot *may* appear in path_ext;
 *      unlike what happens if the specified filename ends with a dot,
 *      if path_ext specifies a single dot cmd.exe *does* look for an
 *      extension-less file)
 *
 * - The path variable may contain relative paths; relative paths are relative
 *   to the cwd.
 *
 * - Directories in path may or may not end with a trailing backslash.
 *
 * - Extensions path_ext portions must always start with a dot.
 *
 * - CMD does not trim leading/trailing whitespace from path/pathex entries
 *   nor from the environment variables as a whole.
 *
 * - When cmd.exe cannot read a directory, it wil just skip it and go on
 *   searching. However, unlike posix-y systems, it will happily try to run a
 *   file that is not readable/executable; if the spawn fails it will not
 *   continue searching.
 *
 * TODO: correctly interpret UNC paths
 * TODO: check with cmd what should happen when a pathext entry does not start
 *       with a dot
 */
static wchar_t* search_path(const wchar_t *file,
                            wchar_t *cwd,
                            const wchar_t *path,
                            const wchar_t *path_ext) {
  int file_has_dir;
  wchar_t* result = NULL;
  wchar_t *file_name_start;
  wchar_t *dot;
  int name_has_ext;

  int file_len = wcslen(file);
  int cwd_len = wcslen(cwd);

  /* If the caller supplies an empty filename,
   * we're not gonna return c:\windows\.exe -- GFY!
   */
  if (file_len == 0
      || (file_len == 1 && file[0] == L'.')) {
    return NULL;
  }

  /* Find the start of the filename so we can split the directory from the name */
  for (file_name_start = (wchar_t*)file + file_len;
       file_name_start > file
           && file_name_start[-1] != L'\\'
           && file_name_start[-1] != L'/'
           && file_name_start[-1] != L':';
       file_name_start--);

  file_has_dir = file_name_start != file;

  /* Check if the filename includes an extension */
  dot = wcschr(file_name_start, L'.');
  name_has_ext = (dot != NULL && dot[1] != L'\0');

  if (file_has_dir) {
    /* The file has a path inside, don't use path (but do use path_ex) */
    result = path_search_walk_ext(
        file, file_name_start - file,
        file_name_start, file_len - (file_name_start - file),
        cwd, cwd_len,
        path_ext, name_has_ext);

  } else {
    const wchar_t *dir_start,
                *dir_end = path;

    /* The file is really only a name; look in cwd first, then scan path */
    result = path_search_walk_ext(L"", 0,
                                  file, file_len,
                                  cwd, cwd_len,
                                  path_ext, name_has_ext);

    while (result == NULL) {
      if (*dir_end == L'\0') {
        break;
      }

      /* Skip the separator that dir_end now points to */
      if (dir_end != path) {
        dir_end++;
      }

      /* Next slice starts just after where the previous one ended */
      dir_start = dir_end;

      /* Slice until the next ; or \0 is found */
      dir_end = wcschr(dir_start, L';');
      if (dir_end == NULL) {
        dir_end = wcschr(dir_start, L'\0');
      }

      /* If the slice is zero-length, don't bother */
      if (dir_end - dir_start == 0) {
        continue;
      }

      result = path_search_walk_ext(dir_start, dir_end - dir_start,
                                    file, file_len,
                                    cwd, cwd_len,
                                    path_ext, name_has_ext);
    }
  }

  return result;
}


/*
 * Quotes command line arguments
 * Returns a pointer to the end (next char to be written) of the buffer
 */
wchar_t* quote_cmd_arg(const wchar_t *source, wchar_t *target) {
  int len = wcslen(source),
      i, quote_hit;
  wchar_t* start;

  /* 
   * Check if the string must be quoted;
   * if unnecessary, don't do it, it may only confuse older programs.
   */
  if (len == 0) {
    return target;
  }

  if (NULL == wcspbrk(source, L" \t\"")) {
    /* No quotation needed */
    wcsncpy(target, source, len);
    target += len;
    return target;
  }

  if (NULL == wcspbrk(source, L"\"\\")) {
    /* 
     * No embedded double quotes or backlashes, so I can just wrap
     * quote marks around the whole thing.
     */
    *(target++) = L'"';
    wcsncpy(target, source, len);
    target += len;
    *(target++) = L'"';
    return target;
  }

  /*
   * Expected intput/output:
   *   input : hello"world
   *   output: "hello\"world"
   *   input : hello""world
   *   output: "hello\"\"world"
   *   input : hello\world
   *   output: hello\world
   *   input : hello\\world
   *   output: hello\\world
   *   input : hello\"world
   *   output: "hello\\\"world"
   *   input : hello\\"world
   *   output: "hello\\\\\"world"
   *   input : hello world\
   *   output: "hello world\"
   */

  *(target++) = L'"';
  start = target;
  quote_hit = 1;

  for (i = len; i > 0; --i) {
    *(target++) = source[i - 1];

    if (quote_hit && source[i - 1] == L'\\') {
      *(target++) = L'\\';
    } else if(source[i - 1] == L'"') {
      quote_hit = 1;
      *(target++) = L'\\';
    } else {
      quote_hit = 0;
    }
  }
  target[0] = L'\0';
  wcsrev(start);
  *(target++) = L'"';
  return target;
}


wchar_t* make_program_args(char** args, int verbatim_arguments) {
  wchar_t* dst;
  wchar_t* ptr;
  char** arg;
  size_t size = 0;
  size_t len;
  int arg_count = 0;
  wchar_t* buffer;
  int arg_size;
  int buffer_size = 0;

  /* Count the required size. */
  for (arg = args; *arg; arg++) {
    arg_size = uv_utf8_to_utf16(*arg, NULL, 0) * sizeof(wchar_t);
    size += arg_size;
    buffer_size = arg_size > buffer_size ? arg_size : buffer_size;
    arg_count++;
  }

  /* Adjust for potential quotes. Also assume the worst-case scenario 
  /* that every character needs escaping, so we need twice as much space. */
  size = size * 2 + arg_count * 2;

  dst = (wchar_t*)malloc(size);
  if (!dst) {
    uv_fatal_error(ERROR_OUTOFMEMORY, "malloc");
  }

  buffer = (wchar_t*)malloc(buffer_size);
  if (!buffer) {
    uv_fatal_error(ERROR_OUTOFMEMORY, "malloc");
  }

  ptr = dst;
  for (arg = args; *arg; arg++) {
    len = uv_utf8_to_utf16(*arg, buffer, (size_t)(size - (ptr - dst)));
    if (!len) {
      goto error;
    }
    if (verbatim_arguments) {
      wcscpy(ptr, buffer);
      ptr += len - 1;
    } else {
      ptr = quote_cmd_arg(buffer, ptr);
    }
    *ptr++ = *(arg + 1) ? L' ' : L'\0';
  }

  free(buffer);
  return dst;

error:
  free(dst);
  free(buffer);
  return NULL;
}


/*
 * If we learn that people are passing in huge environment blocks
 * then we should probably qsort() the array and then bsearch()
 * to see if it contains this variable. But there are ownership
 * issues associated with that solution; this is the caller's 
 * char**, and modifying it is rude.
 */
static void check_required_vars_contains_var(env_var_t* required, int size, const char* var) {
  int i;
  for (i = 0; i < size; ++i) {
    if (_strnicmp(required[i].narrow, var, required[i].len) == 0) {
      required[i].supplied =  1;
      return;
    }
  }
}


/*
 * The way windows takes environment variables is different than what C does;
 * Windows wants a contiguous block of null-terminated strings, terminated
 * with an additional null.
 * 
 * Windows has a few "essential" environment variables. winsock will fail
 * to initialize if SYSTEMROOT is not defined; some APIs make reference to
 * TEMP. SYSTEMDRIVE is probably also important. We therefore ensure that
 * these get defined if the input environment block does not contain any
 * values for them.
 */
wchar_t* make_program_env(char** env_block) {
  wchar_t* dst;
  wchar_t* ptr;
  char** env;
  int env_len = 1 * sizeof(wchar_t); /* room for closing null */
  int len;
  int i;
  DWORD var_size;

  env_var_t required_vars[] = {
    E_V("SYSTEMROOT"),
    E_V("SYSTEMDRIVE"),
    E_V("TEMP"),
  };

  for (env = env_block; *env; env++) {
    check_required_vars_contains_var(required_vars, COUNTOF(required_vars), *env);
    env_len += (uv_utf8_to_utf16(*env, NULL, 0) * sizeof(wchar_t));
  }

  for (i = 0; i < COUNTOF(required_vars); ++i) {
    if (!required_vars[i].supplied) {
      env_len += required_vars[i].len * sizeof(wchar_t);
      var_size = GetEnvironmentVariableW(required_vars[i].wide, NULL, 0);
      if (var_size == 0) {
        uv_fatal_error(GetLastError(), "GetEnvironmentVariableW");
      }
      required_vars[i].value_len = (int)var_size;
      env_len += (int)var_size * sizeof(wchar_t);
    }
  }

  dst = malloc(env_len);
  if (!dst) {
    uv_fatal_error(ERROR_OUTOFMEMORY, "malloc");
  }

  ptr = dst;

  for (env = env_block; *env; env++, ptr += len) {
    len = uv_utf8_to_utf16(*env, ptr, (size_t)(env_len - (ptr - dst)));
    if (!len) {
      free(dst);
      return NULL;
    }
  }

  for (i = 0; i < COUNTOF(required_vars); ++i) {
    if (!required_vars[i].supplied) {
      wcscpy(ptr, required_vars[i].wide);
      ptr += required_vars[i].len - 1;
      *ptr++ = L'=';
      var_size = GetEnvironmentVariableW(required_vars[i].wide, ptr, required_vars[i].value_len);
      if (var_size == 0) {
        uv_fatal_error(GetLastError(), "GetEnvironmentVariableW");
      }
      ptr += required_vars[i].value_len;
    }
  }

  *ptr = L'\0';
  return dst;
}


/*
 * Called on Windows thread-pool thread to indicate that
 * a child process has exited.
 */
static void CALLBACK exit_wait_callback(void* data, BOOLEAN didTimeout) {
  uv_process_t* process = (uv_process_t*)data;

  assert(didTimeout == FALSE);
  assert(process);

  memset(&process->exit_req.overlapped, 0, sizeof(process->exit_req.overlapped));

  /* Post completed */
  if (!PostQueuedCompletionStatus(LOOP->iocp,
                                  0,
                                  0,
                                  &process->exit_req.overlapped)) {
    uv_fatal_error(GetLastError(), "PostQueuedCompletionStatus");
  }
}


/*
 * Called on Windows thread-pool thread to indicate that
 * UnregisterWaitEx has completed.
 */
static void CALLBACK close_wait_callback(void* data, BOOLEAN didTimeout) {
  uv_process_t* process = (uv_process_t*)data;

  assert(didTimeout == FALSE);
  assert(process);

  memset(&process->close_req.overlapped, 0, sizeof(process->close_req.overlapped));

  /* Post completed */
  if (!PostQueuedCompletionStatus(LOOP->iocp,
                                  0,
                                  0,
                                  &process->close_req.overlapped)) {
    uv_fatal_error(GetLastError(), "PostQueuedCompletionStatus");
  }
}


/*
 * Called on windows thread pool when CreateProcess failed. It writes an error
 * message to the process' intended stderr and then posts a PROCESS_EXIT
 * packet to the completion port.
 */
static DWORD WINAPI spawn_failure(void* data) {
  char syscall[] = "CreateProcessW: ";
  char unknown[] = "unknown error\n";
  uv_process_t* process = (uv_process_t*) data;
  HANDLE child_stderr = process->stdio_pipes[2].child_pipe;
  char* buf = NULL;
  DWORD count, written;

  WriteFile(child_stderr, syscall, sizeof(syscall) - 1, &written, NULL);

  count = FormatMessageA(FORMAT_MESSAGE_ALLOCATE_BUFFER |
                         FORMAT_MESSAGE_FROM_SYSTEM |
                         FORMAT_MESSAGE_IGNORE_INSERTS,
                         NULL,
                         process->spawn_errno,
                         MAKELANGID(LANG_NEUTRAL, SUBLANG_DEFAULT),
                         (LPSTR) &buf,
                         0,
                         NULL);

  if (buf != NULL && count > 0) {
    WriteFile(child_stderr, buf, count, &written, NULL);
    LocalFree(buf);
  } else {
    WriteFile(child_stderr, unknown, sizeof(unknown) - 1, &written, NULL);
  }

  FlushFileBuffers(child_stderr);

  memset(&process->exit_req.overlapped, 0, sizeof(process->exit_req.overlapped));

  /* Post completed */
  if (!PostQueuedCompletionStatus(LOOP->iocp,
                                  0,
                                  0,
                                  &process->exit_req.overlapped)) {
    uv_fatal_error(GetLastError(), "PostQueuedCompletionStatus");
  }

  return 0;
}


/* Called on main thread after a child process has exited. */
void uv_process_proc_exit(uv_process_t* handle) {
  int i;
  DWORD exit_code;

  /* Close stdio handles. */
  for (i = 0; i < COUNTOF(handle->stdio_pipes); i++) {
    if (handle->stdio_pipes[i].child_pipe != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
      CloseHandle(handle->stdio_pipes[i].child_pipe);
      handle->stdio_pipes[i].child_pipe = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
    }
  }

  /* Unregister from process notification. */
  if (handle->wait_handle != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
    UnregisterWait(handle->wait_handle);
    handle->wait_handle = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
  }

  if (handle->process_handle != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
    /* Get the exit code. */
    if (!GetExitCodeProcess(handle->process_handle, &exit_code)) {
      exit_code = 127;
    }

    /* Clean-up the process handle. */
    CloseHandle(handle->process_handle);
    handle->process_handle = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
  } else {
    /* The process never even started in the first place. */
    exit_code = 127;
  }

  /* Fire the exit callback. */
  if (handle->exit_cb) {
    handle->exit_cb(handle, exit_code, handle->exit_signal);
  }
}


/* Called on main thread after UnregisterWaitEx finishes. */
void uv_process_proc_close(uv_process_t* handle) {
  uv_want_endgame((uv_handle_t*)handle);
}


void uv_process_endgame(uv_process_t* handle) {
  if (handle->flags & UV_HANDLE_CLOSING) {
    assert(!(handle->flags & UV_HANDLE_CLOSED));
    handle->flags |= UV_HANDLE_CLOSED;

    if (handle->close_cb) {
      handle->close_cb((uv_handle_t*)handle);
    }

    uv_unref();
  }
}


void uv_process_close(uv_process_t* handle) {
  if (handle->wait_handle != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
    handle->close_handle = CreateEvent(NULL, FALSE, FALSE, NULL);
    UnregisterWaitEx(handle->wait_handle, handle->close_handle);
    handle->wait_handle = NULL;

    RegisterWaitForSingleObject(&handle->wait_handle, handle->close_handle,
        close_wait_callback, (void*)handle, INFINITE,
        WT_EXECUTEINWAITTHREAD | WT_EXECUTEONLYONCE);
  } else {
    uv_want_endgame((uv_handle_t*)handle);
  }
}


static int uv_create_stdio_pipe_pair(uv_pipe_t* server_pipe, HANDLE* child_pipe,  DWORD server_access, DWORD child_access) {
  int err;
  SECURITY_ATTRIBUTES sa = { sizeof(SECURITY_ATTRIBUTES), NULL, TRUE };
  char pipe_name[64];
  DWORD mode = PIPE_TYPE_BYTE | PIPE_READMODE_BYTE | PIPE_WAIT;

  if (server_pipe->type != UV_NAMED_PIPE) {
    uv_set_error(UV_EINVAL, 0);
    err = -1;
    goto done;
  }

  /* Create server pipe handle. */
  err = uv_stdio_pipe_server(server_pipe, server_access, pipe_name, sizeof(pipe_name));
  if (err) {
    goto done;
  }

  /* Create child pipe handle. */
  *child_pipe = CreateFileA(pipe_name,
                            child_access,
                            0,
                            &sa,
                            OPEN_EXISTING,
                            0,
                            NULL);

  if (*child_pipe == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
    uv_set_sys_error(GetLastError());
    err = -1;
    goto done;
  }

  if (!SetNamedPipeHandleState(*child_pipe, &mode, NULL, NULL)) {
    uv_set_sys_error(GetLastError());
    err = -1;
    goto done;
  }

  /* Do a blocking ConnectNamedPipe.  This should not block because
   * we have both ends of the pipe created.
   */
  if (!ConnectNamedPipe(server_pipe->handle, NULL)) {
    if (GetLastError() != ERROR_PIPE_CONNECTED) {
      uv_set_sys_error(GetLastError());
      err = -1;
      goto done;
    }
  }

  err = 0;

done:
  if (err) {
    if (server_pipe->handle != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
      close_pipe(server_pipe, NULL, NULL);
    }

    if (*child_pipe != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
      CloseHandle(*child_pipe);
      *child_pipe = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
    }
  }

  return err;
}


int uv_spawn(uv_process_t* process, uv_process_options_t options) {
  int err = 0, i;
  wchar_t* path;
  int size;
  wchar_t* application_path, *application, *arguments, *env, *cwd;
  STARTUPINFOW startup;
  PROCESS_INFORMATION info;

  uv_process_init(process);

  process->exit_cb = options.exit_cb;
  UTF8_TO_UTF16(options.file, application);
  arguments = options.args ? make_program_args(options.args, options.windows_verbatim_arguments) : NULL;
  env = options.env ? make_program_env(options.env) : NULL;

  if (options.cwd) {
    UTF8_TO_UTF16(options.cwd, cwd);
  } else {
    size  = GetCurrentDirectoryW(0, NULL) * sizeof(wchar_t);
    if (size) {
      cwd = (wchar_t*)malloc(size);
      if (!cwd) {
        uv_fatal_error(ERROR_OUTOFMEMORY, "malloc");
      }
      GetCurrentDirectoryW(size, cwd);
    } else {
      uv_set_sys_error(GetLastError());
      err = -1;
      goto done;
    }
  }

  /* Get PATH env. variable. */
  size = GetEnvironmentVariableW(L"PATH", NULL, 0) + 1;
  path = (wchar_t*)malloc(size * sizeof(wchar_t));
  if (!path) {
    uv_fatal_error(ERROR_OUTOFMEMORY, "malloc");
  }
  GetEnvironmentVariableW(L"PATH", path, size * sizeof(wchar_t));
  path[size - 1] = L'\0';

  application_path = search_path(application,
                                 cwd,
                                 path,
                                 DEFAULT_PATH_EXT);

  if (!application_path) {
    /* CreateProcess will fail, but this allows us to pass this error to */
    /* the user asynchronously. */
    application_path = application;
  }

  /* Create stdio pipes. */
  if (options.stdin_stream) {
    err = uv_create_stdio_pipe_pair(options.stdin_stream, &process->stdio_pipes[0].child_pipe, PIPE_ACCESS_OUTBOUND, GENERIC_READ | FILE_WRITE_ATTRIBUTES);
    if (err) {
      goto done;
    }

    process->stdio_pipes[0].server_pipe = options.stdin_stream;
  }

  if (options.stdout_stream) {
    err = uv_create_stdio_pipe_pair(options.stdout_stream, &process->stdio_pipes[1].child_pipe, PIPE_ACCESS_INBOUND, GENERIC_WRITE);
    if (err) {
      goto done;
    }

    process->stdio_pipes[1].server_pipe = options.stdout_stream;
  }

  if (options.stderr_stream) {
    err = uv_create_stdio_pipe_pair(options.stderr_stream, &process->stdio_pipes[2].child_pipe, PIPE_ACCESS_INBOUND, GENERIC_WRITE);
    if (err) {
      goto done;
    }

    process->stdio_pipes[2].server_pipe = options.stderr_stream;
  }

  startup.cb = sizeof(startup);
  startup.lpReserved = NULL;
  startup.lpDesktop = NULL;
  startup.lpTitle = NULL;
  startup.dwFlags = STARTF_USESTDHANDLES;
  startup.cbReserved2 = 0;
  startup.lpReserved2 = NULL;
  startup.hStdInput = process->stdio_pipes[0].child_pipe;
  startup.hStdOutput = process->stdio_pipes[1].child_pipe;
  startup.hStdError = process->stdio_pipes[2].child_pipe;

  if (CreateProcessW(application_path,
                     arguments,
                     NULL,
                     NULL,
                     1,
                     CREATE_UNICODE_ENVIRONMENT,
                     env,
                     cwd,
                     &startup,
                     &info)) {
    /* Spawn succeeded */
    process->process_handle = info.hProcess;
    process->pid = info.dwProcessId;

    /* Setup notifications for when the child process exits. */
    if (!RegisterWaitForSingleObject(&process->wait_handle, process->process_handle,
        exit_wait_callback, (void*)process, INFINITE,
        WT_EXECUTEINWAITTHREAD | WT_EXECUTEONLYONCE)) {
      uv_fatal_error(GetLastError(), "RegisterWaitForSingleObject");
    }

    CloseHandle(info.hThread);

  } else {
    /* CreateProcessW failed, but this failure should be delivered */
    /* asynchronously to retain unix compatibility. So pretent spawn */
    /* succeeded, and start a thread instead that prints an error */
    /* to the child's intended stderr. */
    process->spawn_errno = GetLastError();
    if (!QueueUserWorkItem(spawn_failure, process, WT_EXECUTEDEFAULT)) {
      uv_fatal_error(GetLastError(), "QueueUserWorkItem");
    }
  }

done:
  free(application);
  if (application_path != application) {
    free(application_path);
  }
  free(arguments);
  free(cwd);
  free(env);
  free(path);

  if (err) {
    for (i = 0; i < COUNTOF(process->stdio_pipes); i++) {
      if (process->stdio_pipes[i].child_pipe != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
        CloseHandle(process->stdio_pipes[i].child_pipe);
        process->stdio_pipes[i].child_pipe = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
      }
    }

    if (process->wait_handle != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
      UnregisterWait(process->wait_handle);
      process->wait_handle = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
    }

    if (process->process_handle != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
      CloseHandle(process->process_handle);
      process->process_handle = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
    }
  }

  return err;
}


int uv_process_kill(uv_process_t* process, int signum) {
  process->exit_signal = signum;

  /* On windows killed processes normally return 1 */
  if (process->process_handle != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE &&
      TerminateProcess(process->process_handle, 1)) {
      return 0;
  }

  return -1;
}