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Paul-Kolade Tubi

Federal University Lokoja, Archaeology and Museum Studies, Head, Department of Archaeology

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Paul-Kolade TUBI
Ph.D Anthropology, Ph.D Religion and Society

Current status: Department of Archaeology and Museum Studies,
Federal University Lokoja, Nigeria
Email: [email protected]
GSM: +234 8035984669

Professional Profile: Anthropologist, archaeologist, theologian
Anthropological archaeologist. International field researcher and scholar. First priest-archaeologist in Nigeria. Friendly human manager, promoting exemplary morality. Grooming talents among colleagues and junior staff. International knowledge in development and management of cultural sites and monuments. Skilled strategist who transforms strategic plans into workable solutions.

Specialization: Rock arts (Catholic University Brescia, Italy), biblical archaeology (Zinmann Institute, Haifa University Israel).
A first class graduate in Sacred Theology from Pontifical Urbaniana University Rome. Acknowledged as “One of the best anthropologists in the world”, by Prof P-J Ezeh, erstwhile president of Pan African Anthropological Association. Named into the Scientific Committees of World Anthropology Union and Pan African Anthropological Association. His published works include books and over 60 academic papers. He conducted archaeological field researches in Nigeria, Italy and Israel.
He was pioneer HOD Department of Archaeology and Museum studies, and the current Head. He is the Review Editor, Bendi Journal of Ethnological and Anthropological Society of Nigeria and co-editor of ELA Academics.

He combines sound spirituality with academic excellence. He is well known for preaching undiluted Word of God. He conducts charismatic revivals rooted in Catholicism. He is an ordained priest of the Catholic Diocese of Lokoja. He is a priest who admirably combines scholarship with deep spirituality. He has published 11 books on theology/spirituality.

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Papers by Paul-Kolade Tubi

African Theology in the Next Decade: A Call for Anthropological Paradigm

African Theology in the Next Decade: A Call for Anthropological Paradigm

ANTHROPOLOGICAL-ARCHAEOLOGICAL STUDY OF A LATE STONE AGE SITE IN OGIDI-IJUMU NORTHEAST YORUBA LAND

Journal of African Studies and Sustainable Development. ISSN: 2630-7065 (Print) 2630-7073 (e). Vol. 3 No. 4. 2020, 2020

This anthropological-archaeological paper examines the evidence of early human habitation in the ... more This anthropological-archaeological paper examines the evidence of early human habitation in the northeast of Yorubaland. It aims to authenticate data on human settlements in the area, and to unearth, examine and document evidence of continuous human settlement in Northeast Yorubaland, inhabited by the Okun speaking people, from the past to the present. This study focuses on Ogidi-Ijumu community. Methodologically, it involves anthropological survey and archaeological field work, excavation and analysis. Findings from the research indicate evidence of human presence on several sites. Open sites, rock shelters, and features present evidence of human activities in the area. One of the rock shelters was excavated and artefacts retrieved from the site include potteries and microliths. The paper concludes that the data retrieved from the excavated rock shelter confirms the existence of early human settlements in Northeast Yoruba land. The research extends archaeological knowledge of early human settlements in Northeast Yoruba land. The study concludes by advocating for further multidisciplinary research of the site.

Archaeology of Rocks and the Relevance of Petroglyphs in the Reconstruction of History: An Outline from Volcamonica, Italy

Archaeology of Rocks and the Relevance of Petroglyphs in the Reconstruction of History: An Outline from Volcamonica, Italy, 2021

The paper is a report on the outcome of the writer's participation in an international archaeolog... more The paper is a report on the outcome of the writer's participation in an international archaeological field school at Volcamonica, Italy. The aim is to examinepetroglyphs and petrographs in archaeology and the applicability of using rocks as archaeological and anthropological data in the reconstruction of history and cultural studies. Theoretically, it is based on archaeological fieldworks and site investigations at Volcamonica. The data of the report are derived from direct archaeological investigation of severalpetroglyphs and petrographs at the sites. Data showpalaeo-petroglyphs of several dimensions and features. Fieldfindings indicate that the sites cover a very large area. Also, data reveal that the sites belong to several archaeological eras. Chronologically, the sites are of great antiquity. The study discusses the usefulness of petroglyphs in the reconstruction of history. The study concludesbymaking a comparative analysis with Nigeria and discussing the usefulness of petroglyphs in the reconstruction of history on a global basis.

Traditional Yoruba and Jewish Funeral rites

Traditional Yoruba and Jewish Funeral rites, 2021

Obsequies form the summit of rites of passage for human beings. It is in that light proper dispos... more Obsequies form the summit of rites of passage for human beings. It is in that light proper disposition of human corpse is a hallowed traditional of all cultures. This paper examines traditional Yoruba and Jewish funeral rites and offers a comparative analysis. The rites of passage are well enuncinated among the two cultures, in which birth and death form the hinges of human existence. The Jews and the Yoruba have elaborated funeral rites and they both consider burials as sacred duties which the community owes the dead. Methodoloigically, the study employs anthropological and archaeological data for analysis and they form the researcher's firsthand archaeological fieldwork experience in Israel and among the Yoruba. Findings indicate that both the Yoruba and the Jews portend sociological significance because they are considered as dutiful services to the dead and the community. The paper concludes by drawing attention to the anthropological relevance of funeral rites among the Yoruba and Jewish people.

Toponyms in the Jos Plateau and the impact on intergroup relations: an ethno-historical perspective

Toponyms in the Jos Plateau and the impact on intergroup relations: an ethno-historical perspective, 2017

The history of the Jos Plateau area in the past two decades has been characterized by irresolvabl... more The history of the Jos Plateau area in the past two decades has been characterized by irresolvable crises and conflicts. These conflicts have multifactorial reasons like politics, religion, and economy. To this list the toponymic factor can be added. Indeed, for the past fifteen years since September 2001, intergroup relationships especially between the Hausa and "indigenes" or, what others erroneously see as Muslims versus Christians, have been marred by internecine crises. The result has been the destruction of lives and property, mutual suspicion, migrations, relocation of settlements, change in settlement patterns and renaming of settlements. In light of this, the paper looks at one of the manifestations of this conflict, which is the counter-naming or renaming of some settlements in Jos Plateau area in order to claim historical ownership of settlements. This paper aims to prove that the current situation portends danger to national cohesion, development, free movements and association of people in the Jos Plateau.

A DISCUSSION OF THE CHALLENGES CONFRONTING ARCHAEOLOGY AND ITS PRACTICE IN NIGERIA

A DISCUSSION OF THE CHALLENGES CONFRONTING ARCHAEOLOGY AND ITS PRACTICE IN NIGERIA, 2021

There is no gain saying that archaeology and archaeological practice in Nigeria is yet to achieve... more There is no gain saying that archaeology and archaeological practice in Nigeria is yet to achieve the desired results, particularly as it is yet to fully meet the needs of the society, and largely contribute to problem solving in contemporary terms. This is seemingly not unconnected to the fact that the practice of archaeology in the country is faced with a lot of challenges, especially in the recent times. Thus, the aim of this research is to discuss the nature of some of these challenges and make some suggestions that can largely improve archaeological practice in the country. The research draws from past/recent concerns that have negatively impacted archaeology and its practice in the country. Much of the data for this research has been elicited from primary and secondary sources. The paper notes that the benefits of archaeology and its practice to Nigeria and her citizens are enormous and therefore, adequate to give all cultural heritage (CH) stakeholders a strong motivation towards repositioning the discipline. Doing this appropriately implies that, Nigeria has begun the journey towards benefiting from the numerous opportunities presented by the discipline for sustainable development.

A Structural Analysis of Symbolic Anthropology in African Traditional Communication and a Call for an Afrocentric School of Thought

A Structural Analysis of Symbolic Anthropology in African Traditional Communication and a Call for an Afrocentric School of Thought, 2023

This paper examines symbolism in traditional African worldview and makes a call for African schoo... more This paper examines symbolism in traditional African worldview and makes a call for African school of thought in symbolic anthropology. It discusses cultural symbolism as traditional communication mechanism and the study portends great relevance in meaningful discussion of African anthropology. Data indicate that symbolic anthropology has not been properly articulated in African scholarship, thus this study expands the frontiers of knowledge by unraveling and promoting traditional information technology. Data collection involves literary sources and oral sources from key informants. Data analysis uses structuralism perspectives. The study emphasizes that African worldview employs symbols as vehicles of communication, and notes that traditional symbols play significant roles in traditional societies because without symbolic behaviors and devoid of culture, human beings would be no better than beasts. Thus the study carefully examines language, symbolic cultural items and cultural symbols to illustrate the discourse. This treatise submits that critical analysis of traditional symbols is of great relevance to the enhancement of African cultural study which has faced, over a long period of time, annihilating onslaughts of colonialism, westernization and globalization and recently sinoization. The study identifies the challenges of traditional symbolism and its implications and 1 1 also highlights the challenges of globalization on traditional symbols. The study submits that in the decolonization process of African thoughts, cultural items, a thoroughly Afrocnetric view be distilled and discussed to become useful in scholarship.

A Critical Review of Archaeological, Anthropological and Oral Data on the Origins of the Okun, Northeast Yoruba-land

A Critical Review of Archaeological, Anthropological and Oral Data on the Origins of the Okun, Northeast Yoruba-land, 2023

This study unearths, examines and documents the origin, peopling, and settlements of north east Y... more This study unearths, examines and documents the origin, peopling, and settlements of north east Yoruba land by the Okun, a subgroup of Yoruba nation. The paper submits that the origin of human settlements in Okun-land cannot be adequately explained by oral sources alone, therefore the research applies poly-methodical approach by seeking clear understanding of the issue, making concrete plan of action, executing the action and reflective synthesis of sources and scientific data. Anthropology, archaeology, archaeolinguistics and oral traditions are the primary sources of research. Data gathering came from in-depth interviews from key informants, archaeological excavations and literature reviews. These methodologies are germane to the study of traditional societies and are considered critical to the study due to their reliability in providing verifiable scientific sources for the research. Analysis was based on anthropological, archaeological and historical deconstructionism. Findings of the research indicate early antiquity for human habitation in northeast Yoruba-land, and multiple versions of oratures namely autochthonous tradition, monogenesis and polygenesis. Archaeology reveals Late Stone Age settlements, anthropology shows coalescing of aboriginal and migrant groups and archaeolinguistics reveals proto-Yoruba existence within the area. The research is important for its contributions to early history and its ability to distil traditional historiography of the Okun. The study concludes that early human habitation in northeast Yoruba land dates to antiquity and that the formation of present Okun is a result of lengthy processes of assimilation and coalescing of autochthonous and migrant groups.

CULTURAL RESTRUCTURING: A CONSIDERATION FOR NIGERIA'S DEVELOPMENT

CULTURAL RESTRUCTURING: A CONSIDERATION FOR NIGERIA'S DEVELOPMENT, 2020

Nigeria is a modern nation-state, a creation of the British Empire. It is a richly endowed countr... more Nigeria is a modern nation-state, a creation of the British Empire. It is a richly endowed country, yet majority of its populace live in poverty. This paper aims to examine the relevance of cultural development in Nigeria's development strides which has been marred with marked failures, contrary to peoples' expectation of the country as the Giant of Africa. To achieve meaningful research, the study uses anthropological inquiry by which the traditional cultural norms of the people are distilled and examined in the light of a modern nation-state. Data indicate that Nigeria's development has been marooned on the ocean of uncertainties occasioned by political, socioeconomic and ethnoreligious crises. Furthermore, data obtained in the course of

Conquest, Imperialism and Resistance in Fulani-Yoruba Relations in the 19 th Century: A Political Anthropological Discourse of Local Imperialism in Northeast Yoruba land

Conquest, Imperialism and Resistance in Fulani-Yoruba Relations in the 19 th Century: A Political Anthropological Discourse of Local Imperialism in Northeast Yoruba land, 2023

The quest to bring freshness into academic discussion on conquest, imperialism and resistance to ... more The quest to bring freshness into academic discussion on conquest, imperialism and resistance to domination in pre-Colonial Africa can be enriched by political anthropological study. This study attempts to explore and extend the frontiers of political anthropological discussions on imperialistically imposed wars by the powerful nations on the weak in general and to provide refreshing data on the Fulani-Yoruba relations of 1840-1897 in particular. By using the Fulani-Yoruba relations as a case study, it examines the binaries of imperialism and resistance, domination and fight for freedom as constant variables of interethnic relations in pre-Colonial Africa. The period 1840-1897 was marked by intense conflicts imposed by the Fulani on northern Yoruba peoples. This paper assesses the factors that aided the Fulani conquests of the area and the various factors that culminated in their eventual defeat and expulsion from the area. Methodologically, the paper employs ethnographic paradigm based on fieldworks, interviews of key informants, and In-Depth discussions. It also uses archival materials and other documented sources. Data from the research indicated that the period was marked by series of wars and the Fulani subjected the populace to massive enslavement and excessive economic exploitation. The conquered territories eventually revolted and the paper discussed the reasons that led to the defeat of the Fulani. The research concludes that internal imperialism is as worse as external imperialism and that struggle for freedom from domination was a dominant feature of African history. The paper makes significant contribution to the study of intergroup relations, aggression, conquest, resistance and freedom. The paper recommends the study of political anthropology as sine qua non for critical examination of historical events and intergroup study.

AN ANTHROPOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE ON GLOBALIZATION AND MODERNIZATION IN TRADITIONAL AFRICAN SOCITIES: A CASE STUDY OF NIGER-BENUE CONFLUENCE AREA

AN ANTHROPOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE ON GLOBALIZATION AND MODERNIZATION IN TRADITIONAL AFRICAN SOCITIES: A CASE STUDY OF NIGER-BENUE CONFLUENCE AREA, 2020

This paper examines the effects of globalization and modernization in traditional African societi... more This paper examines the effects of globalization and modernization in traditional African societies. It uses the Niger-Benue confluence area as a case study. The study underscores the fact that the area has come under the debilitating influence of globalization, westernization and modernization. This study clarifies, espouses and critiques globalization and modernization within the African milieu. Globalization and modernization have become, after colonialism and westernization, the greatest onslaughts on Africa. The study is an anthropological inquiry into the effects of globalization within the cultural milieu of the peoples of the Niger-Benue confluence area. In the face of global economic aggression and cultural violence against Africans and multiple economic abuses, political intimidation and collective violence of pauperization committed on the continent, the paper observes that, it is clearly emerging that there is need for anthropological study of the phenomena of globalization and modernization with a view of championing the preservation of relevant aspects of traditional African culture.

Ethnoarchaeological Importance of Lokoja Rockshelters

Ethnography of Afroecology, Ecospirituality and Ethnobotany of Indigenous African Culture: An Anthropo-theological Case Study of Yoruba Culture

Ethnography of Afroecology, Ecospirituality and Ethnobotany of Indigenous African Culture: An Anthropo-theological Case Study of Yoruba Culture, 2023

ECOCIDE IN TRADITIONAL COMMUNITIES: AN ANTHROPOLOGICAL STUDY OF ECOLOGICAL CRISES IN NORTHEAST YORUBALAND

ECOCIDE IN TRADITIONAL COMMUNITIES: AN ANTHROPOLOGICAL STUDY OF ECOLOGICAL CRISES IN NORTHEAST YORUBALAND, 2020

This paper examines ecocide in traditional African communities by using the Okun of northeast Yor... more This paper examines ecocide in traditional African communities by using the Okun of northeast Yorubaland as a case study. The world is inundated with ecological crises of immense proportion of which traditional communities bear a huge burden. The global concern for ecological crises has inundated the world especially because humanity seems unprepared to challenge these crises. Data indicate that traditional communities such as Okun speaking people are affected badly by the ecological crises, yet, not much attention is paid to their plights. It is imperative therefore to examine the causes and effects of ecological crisis amongst the people. Methodologically, the study is a poly-analytical investigation of the menace of ecological crises among the Okun people. The study employs anthropological tools as means of investigation. Data collection was done by ethnographic fieldwork. The study identifies the various causes of ecological crises among the Okun people. Findings indicate that the ecological crises in Okunland have spiritual, economic and social impacts on the people. The study identifies the problems of ecocide in Okunland and concludes that the northeastern most part of Yorubaland is experiencing a period of ecocide. Recommendations are made for the amelioration of the problems.

CULTURAL RESTRUCTURING: A CONSIDERATION FOR NIGERIA'S DEVELOPMENT

CULTURAL RESTRUCTURING: A CONSIDERATION FOR NIGERIA'S DEVELOPMENT, 2020

Nigeria is a modern nation-state, a creation of the British Empire. It is a richly endowed countr... more Nigeria is a modern nation-state, a creation of the British Empire. It is a richly endowed country, yet majority of its populace live in poverty. This paper aims to examine the relevance of cultural development in Nigeria's development strides which has been marred with marked failures, contrary to peoples' expectation of the country as the Giant of Africa. To achieve meaningful research, the study uses anthropological inquiry by which the traditional cultural norms of the people are distilled and examined in the light of a modern nation-state. Data indicate that Nigeria's development has been marooned on the ocean of uncertainties occasioned by political, socioeconomic and ethnoreligious crises. Furthermore, data obtained in the course of the study indicate that in the bid to achieve maximum development for the country, the various governments since Independence from Britain in 1960 have undertaken economic adjustment and political restructuring. Yet none has met the peoples' desire. The paper concludes by envisaging that cultural restructuring would be of immense benefit to the people of Nigeria.

Continuity and Change in Ritual Communion in Traditional African Society: An Ethnographic Study of New Yam Festival among the Okun of Northeast Yoruba

Continuity and Change in Ritual Communion in Traditional African Society: An Ethnographic Study of New Yam Festival among the Okun of Northeast Yoruba, 2023

This is an ethnographic study of ritualism and communion in traditional African culture using New... more This is an ethnographic study of ritualism and communion in traditional African culture using New Yam festival among the Okun people of northeast Yoruba land, Nigeria as a case study. The study aims to broaden field-source data on continuity and change in ritual communion in traditional African communities thus the study examines the rites of New Yam festival by outlining elements of continuity and change in its celebration. Data indicate that continuity and change are constants noticed by scholars in African studies. Data further reveal that one of the pristine rites of the culture of West Africa is the New Yam festival, which has insightful relevance. It explains the usefulness of New Yam festival to traditional communities that have come under the influence of globalization and foreign religions. Methodologically, the study is a multidisciplinary approach involving anthropology, theology and philosophy. It employs the participant-observant technique. It is supplemented with oral interviews and Focus Group Discussions. Findings show that yam is the main stable of the people and it celebrates the essence of life among the people and indicate signs of divine munificence. In conclusion, the paper distils the relevance of New Yam festival from unfavourable colorations, which refer to it as "heathen" practice or "pagan" culture and assert that it is an old rite that is celebrated as a ritual communion which is a unifying factor for the community.

BEING AND SEXUALITY: AN ANTHROPO-THEOLOGICAL STUDY OF SEXUALITY AMONG MODERN AFRICAN CHRISTIANS

BEING AND SEXUALITY: AN ANTHROPO-THEOLOGICAL STUDY OF SEXUALITY AMONG MODERN AFRICAN CHRISTIANS, 2022

This is an anthropo-theological study of sexuality among modern African Christians. Thus, the stu... more This is an anthropo-theological study of sexuality among modern African Christians. Thus, the study examines the concept of sexuality among modern African Christians by seeking to extend the frontiers of knowledge on the topic. It is observed that African Christians carry two identities; Christianity and traditional culture-bearer. These have far-reaching effects on the people socially and religiously as the two have in it, the concept of moral rules. Data indicate that African societies, at various points, construe sexual relationship as a sacrosanct factor in 1 their image of an ideal society, and a respectable phenomenon, which every member of the society must adhere to the rules guiding it. The study notes that on one hand, modern African Christians are faced with the challenge of expressing sexuality and its different colourations within the confine of Judeo-Western Christianity bequeathed to them by Western missionaries, and on the other hand, they are confronted with expression of sexuality within their traditional cultural norms. Methodologically, the study uses documented ethnographic data from anthropological studies of some notable African societies and biblical exegesis. It is clear from the study that in Africa, sexuality is attached with high level of sacredness, especially in traditional communities, which have come under heavy doses of westernization, sinoization (Chinese influence) and globalization. Findings show that Christians in Africa are dissected and torn between two worlds of Westernized Christianity and traditional African culture, out of which they are forced to forge a new identity.

ARCHAEOLOGY OF POTTERIES AND THEIR USEFULNESS IN HISTORICAL RECONSTRUCTION: A CASE STUDY OF LOKOJA

ARCHAEOLOGY OF POTTERIES AND THEIR USEFULNESS IN HISTORICAL RECONSTRUCTION: A CASE STUDY OF LOKOJA, 2017

This is an archaeological investigation of potteries in Lokoja and their usefulness in historical... more This is an archaeological investigation of potteries in Lokoja and their usefulness in historical reconstruction. There is no extant archaeological work on Lokoja potteries that is known to the researcher. It therefore becomes imperative to identify, study and document potteries as cultural markers of the people of Lokoja. Theoretically, this study employs ethnoarchaeology because it allows the researcher to integrate artefacts with the observable cultural practices of traditional living communities of Lokoja. The potteries were retrieved from archaeological sites in Gadumo, Ganaja and Mount Patti. These potteries are used as cultural-markers, because of their extensive usage in African societies and their durability in surviving even the worst conditions of archaeological sites. Findings from the study include principally ancient ceramics, which confirm human habitation of Lokoja areas in the pre-colonial times. The study concludes that potteries are reliable cultural markers and that Lokoja has had continuous human habitation for a very long time with cultural continuity from the distant past to the present.

Archaeological Light on the Miracle of the Swines(Matthew 8:28-34, Mark 5:1-20, Luke 8:26-39): A Search for Evidence at Hippos-Sussita

Archaeological Light on the Miracle of the Swines(Matthew 8:28-34, Mark 5:1-20, Luke 8:26-39): A Search for Evidence at Hippos-Sussita, 2019

Archaeological insights into Biblical events have proved to be of great significance in our under... more Archaeological insights into Biblical events have proved to be of great significance in our understanding of the Bible. This paper confronts the challenges associated with the miracle of the swine as recorded in the Bible as it tries to identify the particular site of the miracle. Methodologically, it is an archaeological report. The data used are from direct archaeological field works of the researcher. The paper posits that the three sites mentioned in the Bible are highly improbable. Archaeologists, therefore, are pointing to a new site, Hippos-Sussita. The paper concludes that archaeology offers refreshing data on difficult Biblical stories and events. It is recommended that a multidisciplinary approach be added to unravel Biblical stories and events that are contentious.

African Theology in the Next Decade: A Call for Anthropological Paradigm

African Theology in the Next Decade: A Call for Anthropological Paradigm

ANTHROPOLOGICAL-ARCHAEOLOGICAL STUDY OF A LATE STONE AGE SITE IN OGIDI-IJUMU NORTHEAST YORUBA LAND

Journal of African Studies and Sustainable Development. ISSN: 2630-7065 (Print) 2630-7073 (e). Vol. 3 No. 4. 2020, 2020

This anthropological-archaeological paper examines the evidence of early human habitation in the ... more This anthropological-archaeological paper examines the evidence of early human habitation in the northeast of Yorubaland. It aims to authenticate data on human settlements in the area, and to unearth, examine and document evidence of continuous human settlement in Northeast Yorubaland, inhabited by the Okun speaking people, from the past to the present. This study focuses on Ogidi-Ijumu community. Methodologically, it involves anthropological survey and archaeological field work, excavation and analysis. Findings from the research indicate evidence of human presence on several sites. Open sites, rock shelters, and features present evidence of human activities in the area. One of the rock shelters was excavated and artefacts retrieved from the site include potteries and microliths. The paper concludes that the data retrieved from the excavated rock shelter confirms the existence of early human settlements in Northeast Yoruba land. The research extends archaeological knowledge of early human settlements in Northeast Yoruba land. The study concludes by advocating for further multidisciplinary research of the site.

Archaeology of Rocks and the Relevance of Petroglyphs in the Reconstruction of History: An Outline from Volcamonica, Italy

Archaeology of Rocks and the Relevance of Petroglyphs in the Reconstruction of History: An Outline from Volcamonica, Italy, 2021

The paper is a report on the outcome of the writer's participation in an international archaeolog... more The paper is a report on the outcome of the writer's participation in an international archaeological field school at Volcamonica, Italy. The aim is to examinepetroglyphs and petrographs in archaeology and the applicability of using rocks as archaeological and anthropological data in the reconstruction of history and cultural studies. Theoretically, it is based on archaeological fieldworks and site investigations at Volcamonica. The data of the report are derived from direct archaeological investigation of severalpetroglyphs and petrographs at the sites. Data showpalaeo-petroglyphs of several dimensions and features. Fieldfindings indicate that the sites cover a very large area. Also, data reveal that the sites belong to several archaeological eras. Chronologically, the sites are of great antiquity. The study discusses the usefulness of petroglyphs in the reconstruction of history. The study concludesbymaking a comparative analysis with Nigeria and discussing the usefulness of petroglyphs in the reconstruction of history on a global basis.

Traditional Yoruba and Jewish Funeral rites

Traditional Yoruba and Jewish Funeral rites, 2021

Obsequies form the summit of rites of passage for human beings. It is in that light proper dispos... more Obsequies form the summit of rites of passage for human beings. It is in that light proper disposition of human corpse is a hallowed traditional of all cultures. This paper examines traditional Yoruba and Jewish funeral rites and offers a comparative analysis. The rites of passage are well enuncinated among the two cultures, in which birth and death form the hinges of human existence. The Jews and the Yoruba have elaborated funeral rites and they both consider burials as sacred duties which the community owes the dead. Methodoloigically, the study employs anthropological and archaeological data for analysis and they form the researcher's firsthand archaeological fieldwork experience in Israel and among the Yoruba. Findings indicate that both the Yoruba and the Jews portend sociological significance because they are considered as dutiful services to the dead and the community. The paper concludes by drawing attention to the anthropological relevance of funeral rites among the Yoruba and Jewish people.

Toponyms in the Jos Plateau and the impact on intergroup relations: an ethno-historical perspective

Toponyms in the Jos Plateau and the impact on intergroup relations: an ethno-historical perspective, 2017

The history of the Jos Plateau area in the past two decades has been characterized by irresolvabl... more The history of the Jos Plateau area in the past two decades has been characterized by irresolvable crises and conflicts. These conflicts have multifactorial reasons like politics, religion, and economy. To this list the toponymic factor can be added. Indeed, for the past fifteen years since September 2001, intergroup relationships especially between the Hausa and "indigenes" or, what others erroneously see as Muslims versus Christians, have been marred by internecine crises. The result has been the destruction of lives and property, mutual suspicion, migrations, relocation of settlements, change in settlement patterns and renaming of settlements. In light of this, the paper looks at one of the manifestations of this conflict, which is the counter-naming or renaming of some settlements in Jos Plateau area in order to claim historical ownership of settlements. This paper aims to prove that the current situation portends danger to national cohesion, development, free movements and association of people in the Jos Plateau.

A DISCUSSION OF THE CHALLENGES CONFRONTING ARCHAEOLOGY AND ITS PRACTICE IN NIGERIA

A DISCUSSION OF THE CHALLENGES CONFRONTING ARCHAEOLOGY AND ITS PRACTICE IN NIGERIA, 2021

There is no gain saying that archaeology and archaeological practice in Nigeria is yet to achieve... more There is no gain saying that archaeology and archaeological practice in Nigeria is yet to achieve the desired results, particularly as it is yet to fully meet the needs of the society, and largely contribute to problem solving in contemporary terms. This is seemingly not unconnected to the fact that the practice of archaeology in the country is faced with a lot of challenges, especially in the recent times. Thus, the aim of this research is to discuss the nature of some of these challenges and make some suggestions that can largely improve archaeological practice in the country. The research draws from past/recent concerns that have negatively impacted archaeology and its practice in the country. Much of the data for this research has been elicited from primary and secondary sources. The paper notes that the benefits of archaeology and its practice to Nigeria and her citizens are enormous and therefore, adequate to give all cultural heritage (CH) stakeholders a strong motivation towards repositioning the discipline. Doing this appropriately implies that, Nigeria has begun the journey towards benefiting from the numerous opportunities presented by the discipline for sustainable development.

A Structural Analysis of Symbolic Anthropology in African Traditional Communication and a Call for an Afrocentric School of Thought

A Structural Analysis of Symbolic Anthropology in African Traditional Communication and a Call for an Afrocentric School of Thought, 2023

This paper examines symbolism in traditional African worldview and makes a call for African schoo... more This paper examines symbolism in traditional African worldview and makes a call for African school of thought in symbolic anthropology. It discusses cultural symbolism as traditional communication mechanism and the study portends great relevance in meaningful discussion of African anthropology. Data indicate that symbolic anthropology has not been properly articulated in African scholarship, thus this study expands the frontiers of knowledge by unraveling and promoting traditional information technology. Data collection involves literary sources and oral sources from key informants. Data analysis uses structuralism perspectives. The study emphasizes that African worldview employs symbols as vehicles of communication, and notes that traditional symbols play significant roles in traditional societies because without symbolic behaviors and devoid of culture, human beings would be no better than beasts. Thus the study carefully examines language, symbolic cultural items and cultural symbols to illustrate the discourse. This treatise submits that critical analysis of traditional symbols is of great relevance to the enhancement of African cultural study which has faced, over a long period of time, annihilating onslaughts of colonialism, westernization and globalization and recently sinoization. The study identifies the challenges of traditional symbolism and its implications and 1 1 also highlights the challenges of globalization on traditional symbols. The study submits that in the decolonization process of African thoughts, cultural items, a thoroughly Afrocnetric view be distilled and discussed to become useful in scholarship.

A Critical Review of Archaeological, Anthropological and Oral Data on the Origins of the Okun, Northeast Yoruba-land

A Critical Review of Archaeological, Anthropological and Oral Data on the Origins of the Okun, Northeast Yoruba-land, 2023

This study unearths, examines and documents the origin, peopling, and settlements of north east Y... more This study unearths, examines and documents the origin, peopling, and settlements of north east Yoruba land by the Okun, a subgroup of Yoruba nation. The paper submits that the origin of human settlements in Okun-land cannot be adequately explained by oral sources alone, therefore the research applies poly-methodical approach by seeking clear understanding of the issue, making concrete plan of action, executing the action and reflective synthesis of sources and scientific data. Anthropology, archaeology, archaeolinguistics and oral traditions are the primary sources of research. Data gathering came from in-depth interviews from key informants, archaeological excavations and literature reviews. These methodologies are germane to the study of traditional societies and are considered critical to the study due to their reliability in providing verifiable scientific sources for the research. Analysis was based on anthropological, archaeological and historical deconstructionism. Findings of the research indicate early antiquity for human habitation in northeast Yoruba-land, and multiple versions of oratures namely autochthonous tradition, monogenesis and polygenesis. Archaeology reveals Late Stone Age settlements, anthropology shows coalescing of aboriginal and migrant groups and archaeolinguistics reveals proto-Yoruba existence within the area. The research is important for its contributions to early history and its ability to distil traditional historiography of the Okun. The study concludes that early human habitation in northeast Yoruba land dates to antiquity and that the formation of present Okun is a result of lengthy processes of assimilation and coalescing of autochthonous and migrant groups.

CULTURAL RESTRUCTURING: A CONSIDERATION FOR NIGERIA'S DEVELOPMENT

CULTURAL RESTRUCTURING: A CONSIDERATION FOR NIGERIA'S DEVELOPMENT, 2020

Nigeria is a modern nation-state, a creation of the British Empire. It is a richly endowed countr... more Nigeria is a modern nation-state, a creation of the British Empire. It is a richly endowed country, yet majority of its populace live in poverty. This paper aims to examine the relevance of cultural development in Nigeria's development strides which has been marred with marked failures, contrary to peoples' expectation of the country as the Giant of Africa. To achieve meaningful research, the study uses anthropological inquiry by which the traditional cultural norms of the people are distilled and examined in the light of a modern nation-state. Data indicate that Nigeria's development has been marooned on the ocean of uncertainties occasioned by political, socioeconomic and ethnoreligious crises. Furthermore, data obtained in the course of

Conquest, Imperialism and Resistance in Fulani-Yoruba Relations in the 19 th Century: A Political Anthropological Discourse of Local Imperialism in Northeast Yoruba land

Conquest, Imperialism and Resistance in Fulani-Yoruba Relations in the 19 th Century: A Political Anthropological Discourse of Local Imperialism in Northeast Yoruba land, 2023

The quest to bring freshness into academic discussion on conquest, imperialism and resistance to ... more The quest to bring freshness into academic discussion on conquest, imperialism and resistance to domination in pre-Colonial Africa can be enriched by political anthropological study. This study attempts to explore and extend the frontiers of political anthropological discussions on imperialistically imposed wars by the powerful nations on the weak in general and to provide refreshing data on the Fulani-Yoruba relations of 1840-1897 in particular. By using the Fulani-Yoruba relations as a case study, it examines the binaries of imperialism and resistance, domination and fight for freedom as constant variables of interethnic relations in pre-Colonial Africa. The period 1840-1897 was marked by intense conflicts imposed by the Fulani on northern Yoruba peoples. This paper assesses the factors that aided the Fulani conquests of the area and the various factors that culminated in their eventual defeat and expulsion from the area. Methodologically, the paper employs ethnographic paradigm based on fieldworks, interviews of key informants, and In-Depth discussions. It also uses archival materials and other documented sources. Data from the research indicated that the period was marked by series of wars and the Fulani subjected the populace to massive enslavement and excessive economic exploitation. The conquered territories eventually revolted and the paper discussed the reasons that led to the defeat of the Fulani. The research concludes that internal imperialism is as worse as external imperialism and that struggle for freedom from domination was a dominant feature of African history. The paper makes significant contribution to the study of intergroup relations, aggression, conquest, resistance and freedom. The paper recommends the study of political anthropology as sine qua non for critical examination of historical events and intergroup study.

AN ANTHROPOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE ON GLOBALIZATION AND MODERNIZATION IN TRADITIONAL AFRICAN SOCITIES: A CASE STUDY OF NIGER-BENUE CONFLUENCE AREA

AN ANTHROPOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE ON GLOBALIZATION AND MODERNIZATION IN TRADITIONAL AFRICAN SOCITIES: A CASE STUDY OF NIGER-BENUE CONFLUENCE AREA, 2020

This paper examines the effects of globalization and modernization in traditional African societi... more This paper examines the effects of globalization and modernization in traditional African societies. It uses the Niger-Benue confluence area as a case study. The study underscores the fact that the area has come under the debilitating influence of globalization, westernization and modernization. This study clarifies, espouses and critiques globalization and modernization within the African milieu. Globalization and modernization have become, after colonialism and westernization, the greatest onslaughts on Africa. The study is an anthropological inquiry into the effects of globalization within the cultural milieu of the peoples of the Niger-Benue confluence area. In the face of global economic aggression and cultural violence against Africans and multiple economic abuses, political intimidation and collective violence of pauperization committed on the continent, the paper observes that, it is clearly emerging that there is need for anthropological study of the phenomena of globalization and modernization with a view of championing the preservation of relevant aspects of traditional African culture.

Ethnoarchaeological Importance of Lokoja Rockshelters

Ethnography of Afroecology, Ecospirituality and Ethnobotany of Indigenous African Culture: An Anthropo-theological Case Study of Yoruba Culture

Ethnography of Afroecology, Ecospirituality and Ethnobotany of Indigenous African Culture: An Anthropo-theological Case Study of Yoruba Culture, 2023

ECOCIDE IN TRADITIONAL COMMUNITIES: AN ANTHROPOLOGICAL STUDY OF ECOLOGICAL CRISES IN NORTHEAST YORUBALAND

ECOCIDE IN TRADITIONAL COMMUNITIES: AN ANTHROPOLOGICAL STUDY OF ECOLOGICAL CRISES IN NORTHEAST YORUBALAND, 2020

This paper examines ecocide in traditional African communities by using the Okun of northeast Yor... more This paper examines ecocide in traditional African communities by using the Okun of northeast Yorubaland as a case study. The world is inundated with ecological crises of immense proportion of which traditional communities bear a huge burden. The global concern for ecological crises has inundated the world especially because humanity seems unprepared to challenge these crises. Data indicate that traditional communities such as Okun speaking people are affected badly by the ecological crises, yet, not much attention is paid to their plights. It is imperative therefore to examine the causes and effects of ecological crisis amongst the people. Methodologically, the study is a poly-analytical investigation of the menace of ecological crises among the Okun people. The study employs anthropological tools as means of investigation. Data collection was done by ethnographic fieldwork. The study identifies the various causes of ecological crises among the Okun people. Findings indicate that the ecological crises in Okunland have spiritual, economic and social impacts on the people. The study identifies the problems of ecocide in Okunland and concludes that the northeastern most part of Yorubaland is experiencing a period of ecocide. Recommendations are made for the amelioration of the problems.

CULTURAL RESTRUCTURING: A CONSIDERATION FOR NIGERIA'S DEVELOPMENT

CULTURAL RESTRUCTURING: A CONSIDERATION FOR NIGERIA'S DEVELOPMENT, 2020

Nigeria is a modern nation-state, a creation of the British Empire. It is a richly endowed countr... more Nigeria is a modern nation-state, a creation of the British Empire. It is a richly endowed country, yet majority of its populace live in poverty. This paper aims to examine the relevance of cultural development in Nigeria's development strides which has been marred with marked failures, contrary to peoples' expectation of the country as the Giant of Africa. To achieve meaningful research, the study uses anthropological inquiry by which the traditional cultural norms of the people are distilled and examined in the light of a modern nation-state. Data indicate that Nigeria's development has been marooned on the ocean of uncertainties occasioned by political, socioeconomic and ethnoreligious crises. Furthermore, data obtained in the course of the study indicate that in the bid to achieve maximum development for the country, the various governments since Independence from Britain in 1960 have undertaken economic adjustment and political restructuring. Yet none has met the peoples' desire. The paper concludes by envisaging that cultural restructuring would be of immense benefit to the people of Nigeria.

Continuity and Change in Ritual Communion in Traditional African Society: An Ethnographic Study of New Yam Festival among the Okun of Northeast Yoruba

Continuity and Change in Ritual Communion in Traditional African Society: An Ethnographic Study of New Yam Festival among the Okun of Northeast Yoruba, 2023

This is an ethnographic study of ritualism and communion in traditional African culture using New... more This is an ethnographic study of ritualism and communion in traditional African culture using New Yam festival among the Okun people of northeast Yoruba land, Nigeria as a case study. The study aims to broaden field-source data on continuity and change in ritual communion in traditional African communities thus the study examines the rites of New Yam festival by outlining elements of continuity and change in its celebration. Data indicate that continuity and change are constants noticed by scholars in African studies. Data further reveal that one of the pristine rites of the culture of West Africa is the New Yam festival, which has insightful relevance. It explains the usefulness of New Yam festival to traditional communities that have come under the influence of globalization and foreign religions. Methodologically, the study is a multidisciplinary approach involving anthropology, theology and philosophy. It employs the participant-observant technique. It is supplemented with oral interviews and Focus Group Discussions. Findings show that yam is the main stable of the people and it celebrates the essence of life among the people and indicate signs of divine munificence. In conclusion, the paper distils the relevance of New Yam festival from unfavourable colorations, which refer to it as "heathen" practice or "pagan" culture and assert that it is an old rite that is celebrated as a ritual communion which is a unifying factor for the community.

BEING AND SEXUALITY: AN ANTHROPO-THEOLOGICAL STUDY OF SEXUALITY AMONG MODERN AFRICAN CHRISTIANS

BEING AND SEXUALITY: AN ANTHROPO-THEOLOGICAL STUDY OF SEXUALITY AMONG MODERN AFRICAN CHRISTIANS, 2022

This is an anthropo-theological study of sexuality among modern African Christians. Thus, the stu... more This is an anthropo-theological study of sexuality among modern African Christians. Thus, the study examines the concept of sexuality among modern African Christians by seeking to extend the frontiers of knowledge on the topic. It is observed that African Christians carry two identities; Christianity and traditional culture-bearer. These have far-reaching effects on the people socially and religiously as the two have in it, the concept of moral rules. Data indicate that African societies, at various points, construe sexual relationship as a sacrosanct factor in 1 their image of an ideal society, and a respectable phenomenon, which every member of the society must adhere to the rules guiding it. The study notes that on one hand, modern African Christians are faced with the challenge of expressing sexuality and its different colourations within the confine of Judeo-Western Christianity bequeathed to them by Western missionaries, and on the other hand, they are confronted with expression of sexuality within their traditional cultural norms. Methodologically, the study uses documented ethnographic data from anthropological studies of some notable African societies and biblical exegesis. It is clear from the study that in Africa, sexuality is attached with high level of sacredness, especially in traditional communities, which have come under heavy doses of westernization, sinoization (Chinese influence) and globalization. Findings show that Christians in Africa are dissected and torn between two worlds of Westernized Christianity and traditional African culture, out of which they are forced to forge a new identity.

ARCHAEOLOGY OF POTTERIES AND THEIR USEFULNESS IN HISTORICAL RECONSTRUCTION: A CASE STUDY OF LOKOJA

ARCHAEOLOGY OF POTTERIES AND THEIR USEFULNESS IN HISTORICAL RECONSTRUCTION: A CASE STUDY OF LOKOJA, 2017

This is an archaeological investigation of potteries in Lokoja and their usefulness in historical... more This is an archaeological investigation of potteries in Lokoja and their usefulness in historical reconstruction. There is no extant archaeological work on Lokoja potteries that is known to the researcher. It therefore becomes imperative to identify, study and document potteries as cultural markers of the people of Lokoja. Theoretically, this study employs ethnoarchaeology because it allows the researcher to integrate artefacts with the observable cultural practices of traditional living communities of Lokoja. The potteries were retrieved from archaeological sites in Gadumo, Ganaja and Mount Patti. These potteries are used as cultural-markers, because of their extensive usage in African societies and their durability in surviving even the worst conditions of archaeological sites. Findings from the study include principally ancient ceramics, which confirm human habitation of Lokoja areas in the pre-colonial times. The study concludes that potteries are reliable cultural markers and that Lokoja has had continuous human habitation for a very long time with cultural continuity from the distant past to the present.

Archaeological Light on the Miracle of the Swines(Matthew 8:28-34, Mark 5:1-20, Luke 8:26-39): A Search for Evidence at Hippos-Sussita

Archaeological Light on the Miracle of the Swines(Matthew 8:28-34, Mark 5:1-20, Luke 8:26-39): A Search for Evidence at Hippos-Sussita, 2019

Archaeological insights into Biblical events have proved to be of great significance in our under... more Archaeological insights into Biblical events have proved to be of great significance in our understanding of the Bible. This paper confronts the challenges associated with the miracle of the swine as recorded in the Bible as it tries to identify the particular site of the miracle. Methodologically, it is an archaeological report. The data used are from direct archaeological field works of the researcher. The paper posits that the three sites mentioned in the Bible are highly improbable. Archaeologists, therefore, are pointing to a new site, Hippos-Sussita. The paper concludes that archaeology offers refreshing data on difficult Biblical stories and events. It is recommended that a multidisciplinary approach be added to unravel Biblical stories and events that are contentious.

AFROECOLOGY OF TRADITIONAL AFRICAN SOCIETIES

AFROECOLOGY OF TRADITIONAL AFRICAN SOCIETIES

The study offers an anthropological perspective on aspects of afroecology of traditional African ... more The study offers an anthropological perspective on aspects of afroecology of traditional African societies, using the Yoruba as a case study. Data indicate that the world is facing immense ecological crises and that unbridled human activities have aggravated environmental destruction to a dangerous scale. However, not much study has focused on afroecology and its dimensions of ecospirituality, ecophilosophy and ecotheology. This study offers traditional African approach to ecological sustenance. Methodologically, the study is based on ethnographic fieldwork among traditional communities of the Yoruba, which have maintained critical aspects of autochthonous culture. Findings show that contemporary African societies are bedevilled by monumental ecological problems and as a result have lost large swath of their environment to the assaults of foreign imposed technologies and philosophies. The problem is compounded by westernization, globalization, sinocism (Chinese influence) and influence of foreign religion which imposed consumerist philosophy on the people. This study provides scholarly field-sourced approach to ameliorating the ecological crises that menace the world. The study is primed for its scholarship on the richness of the Yoruba in their response to the environment and its sustenance.

AFROECOLOGY OF TRADITIONAL AFRICAN SOCIETIES: AN ANTHROPOLOGY OF ECOTHEOLOGY, ECOPHILOSOPHY AND ECOSPIRITUALITY OF THE YORUBA

AFRICAN ECO-PHILOSOPHY: COSMOLOGY, CONSCIOUSNESS AND THE ENVIRONMENT, 2021

The study offers an anthropological perspective on aspects of afroecology of traditiona... more The study offers an anthropological perspective on aspects of afroecology of traditional African societies, using the Yoruba as a case study. Data indicate that the world is facing immense ecological crises and that unbridled human activities have aggravated environmental destruction to a dangerous scale. However, not much study has focused on afroecology and its dimensions of ecospirituality, ecophilosophy and ecotheology. This study offers traditional African approach to ecological sustenance. Methodologically, the study is based on ethnographic fieldwork among traditional communities of the Yoruba, which have maintained critical aspects of autochthonous culture. Findings show that contemporary African societies are bedevilled by monumental ecological problems and as a result have lost large swath of their environment to the assaults of foreign imposed technologies and philosophies. The problem is compounded by westernization, globalization, sinocism (Chinese influence) and influence of foreign religion which imposed consumerist philosophy on the people. This study provides scholarly field-sourced approach to ameliorating the ecological crises that menace the world. The study is primed for its scholarship on the richness of the Yoruba in their response to the environment and its sustenance. This study provides scholarly field-sourced approach to ameliorating the ecological crises that menace the world. The study is primed for its scholarship on the richness of the Yoruba in their response to the environment and its sustenance.

DIALOGUE AS A MEANS TO END CRISIS IN THE PLURALISTIC NIGERIA SOCIETY

DIALOGUE AS A MEANS TO END CRISIS IN THE PLURALISTIC NIGERIA SOCIETY

This paper aims to examine dialogue as a means of ending perennial inter-faith crisis in Nigeria.... more This paper aims to examine dialogue as a means of ending perennial inter-faith crisis in Nigeria. Data show that Nigeria is a multi-religious, multi-cultural and a pluralistic state that is currently bedeviled with a lot of crises which range from political and religious, social and economic, ethnic and moral problems. Methodologically, the paper engages in historical analysis and offers a deconstructive reading of the spectre of religious wars in Nigeria. Emphasis is on the three major religions in Nigeria namely Christianity, Islam and African Traditional Religion. This paper asserts that Nigeria as pluralistic society needs to engage in dialogue so as to surmount its myriads of problems. The paper identifies forms of dialogue, their usefulness in the resolution of conflicts, possible areas of dialogue, principles of dialoguing and the obstacles that may be encountered in the course of doing so. The paper recommends that for effective dialogue to take place among all religions, misconception, stereotype and bias should be eliminated. It further recommends that effective dialogue between the two major religions in the country should be effectively enhanced to ensure peace.