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Mercedes-Benz W221

Mercedes-Benz W220

La Mercedes-Benz Classe S est la limousine de luxe et le symbole phare crée et produit par Mercedes-Benz qui est maintenant une division de Daimler. Depuis les années 1950, ce modèle a existé en 9 versions et est la limousine la plus vendue dans le monde. Tous les nouvelles versions intégraient de nouvelles technologies créées et introduites par Mercedes telles que les nouveaux systèmes de sécurité, de gestion du train de roulage ou encore les fonctions intérieures.
Les fonctions principales introduites dans ces 9 modèles sont les premiers systèmes d'ABS, de Coussins gonflables de sécurité (« Airbag ») combiné à des rétracteurs de ceintures, ou encore l'ESP.

La dernière génération, la W221, présentée en 2005, a été complètement reformée aux points de vue design et fonctionnel. Comme dans la version précédente, elle offre des moteurs V6 et V8 essence et diesel et des V12 essence. Une version coupée existe aussi sous le nom de Mercedes-Benz Classe CL depuis le début des années 1990, la première génération de ce grand coupé ayant été lancée peu après la W140, et la dernière et troisième génération ayant été présentée en 2006. Au fil du temps, les coupés CL sont devenus de vrais modèles a part entière, et que leur gamme est désormais indépendante de celle de la Classe S, même si ces deux modèles possèdent un intérieur très proche et une ligne générale assez semblable. Depuis 2003, la Classe S, qui a toujours été une propulsion (moteur avant et transmission aux roues arrières) peut désormais recevoir sur certains modèles une transmission intégrale, appelée 4-Matic (la puissance du moteur est alors répartie aux 4 roues -sur le système 4-Matic, la répartition de la puissance reste la même et ce quelle que soit l'adhérence des roues à la route. 40 pour cent de la puissance (du couple) est répartie sur les roues avant, le reste sur les roues arrière)).

Les tarifs en France sont de 83 000€ pour un moteur 3.5 essence (S350) à 233 700€ pour le moteur le plus puissant (S65 AMG).

Le nom Classe S provient du mot allemand Sonderklasse qui signifie "classe spéciale" dont elle est l'abréviation.

Les rejets de CO₂ varient de 212 à 349 g/km selon les modèles.

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Historical overview

In early Mercedes-Benz history, the "S-Class" designation was used colloquially, referring to the letter "S" which designated most of the larger six-cylinder powered vehicles in the company's lineup (but not the luxurious V8-powered 600 limousine).

A 1950s W128 Ponton, a 220SE

In some early cases, as in the "Ponton" model, the "S" was applied to vehicles requiring premium fuel ("Super" in Germany) due to the higher compression ratio and output of the company's top-of-the-line engines. These six-cylinder engines were available in the W180/128 chassis lines, Mercedes' first without a conventional frame, using a unitized body/frame construction. This line was introduced in the mid-to-late 1950s, and came to encompass the 220a, 219 (W105), 220S, and 220SE (sedan, coupe, and convertible) models. Both "Ponton" models were produced through the 1950s.

A W111 230S Fintail

In 1959, the "Ponton" body was replaced by the new 220Sb with "Einheitskarosserie" (standard body) with "Fintails", with the different six-cylinder "S"-versions of the W111 mainly differing from the smaller 4-cylinder variant W110 by a different length of the front, and the amount of chrome applied. Thus, the W110, introduced in 1961 as a predecessor to the modern E-Class, featured a shorter hood for the "economy" models 190c and 190Dc. The W112, as 300 SEL with a longer wheelbase, was for the short period the top model of Mercedes, succeeding the baroque "Großer Mercedes" ("Grand Mercedes") 300, 300b, 300c, and 300d, which were often associated with chancellor Konrad Adenauer. In 1965, the W111 line also added the 230S sedan.

The Mercedes-Benz 600 model slotted into the range above the S-Class

With West Germany's economy growing in the early 1960s, Mercedes-Benz saw the opportunity to build a much larger vehicle than hitherto, aimed mostly at an international market and heads of state. In 1965, the company introduced the luxurious 600 limousine (W100 series), which assumed the title of "Großer Mercedes". This model became a showcase of luxury and technology, being the most luxurious Mercedes-Benz to date and it can be viewed as an early predecessor of the modern Maybach models, rather than as part of the S-Class lineage, although certain techologies pioneered in this car did find their way into the smaller model. The 600's role the flagship of the marque was later assumed by the modern S-Class.

Late 1960s W108 line

With "Fintails" being passé and dropped in favor of a look similar to the 600, the updated and larger W108/W109 lines were introduced, which included the 250S, 250SE, 300SE, and 300SEL (long wheelbase) models. The W108/109 lines, which eventually supplanted the W111 lines, were not available with 4-cylinder engines, and thus established the distinct S-Class market position which continues to the present day. Since the debut of the W111 300SEL, each iteration of the S-Class has included short and long wheelbase models, with the latter models (such as the W109) typically being the most luxurious, powerful, and well-equipped, with the V8-powered 300SEL 6.3 marking the highlight.

Large rear lights of the 1970s W116, the first official "S-Class"

In 1973, Mercedes-Benz introduced the W116 line, the first to be officially called the S-Class. The arrival of the W116 saw the introduction of much improved passive safety into the vehicle design, with features such as anti-lock brakes and a strengthened vehicle occupant shell. Also, the V8-engines of the 350/450 SE/SEL models were now regular options. Due to the oil crisis, fuel efficiency was the major concern for the engineers, yet they still added also the Mercedes-Benz 450SEL 6.9.

The W126, the most successful S-Class (US-spec example)

In 1979, the W126 arrived, replacing the W116 line. The W126 brought much-improved aerodynamics to the S-Class, enlarged yet lighter engines with blocks made of aluminium. Coupé models based on the S-Class were reintroduced (380/500 SEC). It also introduced now well-known safety features such as passenger side airbags, seatbelt pretensioners, and traction control. It became the most successful S-Class design ever built and was produced for twelve years, its model cycle extended by the first-ever S-Class mid-cycle update.

A 1990s W140 as German Taxi

The W126 was succeeded in 1991 by the W140 line, which saw the car grow dramatically in its proportions, for which it received criticism. Also, more technology and numerous features were added in response to growing international competition.

The W220

In late 1999, the smaller but more roomy W220 saw a renewed focus on elegance and style, with a more rounded shape compared to the preceding W140. The W220 was produced in a sedan version only; at that time, the W140 S-Class coupes had already been succeeded by the new CL-Class in 1998, models of which share basic design and features with the S-Class. Since 2003, the traditionally rear-wheel drive S-Class also offered 4Matic all-wheel drive in some markets.

In 2007, the current W221 S-Class premiered, replacing the W220. This latest generation of the S-Class is slightly larger than its predecessor, with sharper exterior styling (most notably wide fender arcs) and technological improvements. New technological features on the W221 include an infrared night vision feature and the latest Mercedes-Benz pre-collision system. The W221 is the second consecutive generation of the S-Class to be solely produced in a sedan body style. In the U.S., base prices for the W221 S-Class range from $87,475 for the S550, $144,975 for the S600, $127,775 for the S63 AMG and $194,775 for the S65 AMG.

Current S-Class generation: the W221

Currently, most W221 S-Class models are built at the Daimler AG plant in Sindelfingen, Germany. Founded by Daimler Motor Company in 1915, the Sindelfingen plant also produced the model 600 "Großer Mercedes" and past generations of the S-Class. Previous S-Class models (such as the W126) were built in different locations ranging from Stuttgart to South Africa, but with recent models (such as the W220) production has been concentrated in Sindelfingen. In February 2007, DaimlerChrysler Malaysia's plant in Pekan, Pahang began production of S350 (model W221) vehicles. In all, some 2.7 million S-Class vehicles have been produced in the past forty years.

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Historique

Au début de l'année Mercedes-Benz l'histoire, le " Classe S" désignation était utilisée familièrement, se référant à la lettre "S" qui a désigné la plupart des grands de six-cylindre de véhicules dans la gamme de l'entreprise (mais pas le luxe V8-powered 600 limousine).

A W1281950Ponton, un 220SE

Dans certains cas, au début, comme dans le [ [Mercedes-Benz W180 | "Ponton"]] modèle, le "S" a été appliqué aux véhicules nécessitant de l'essence ( "Super" en Allemagne), en raison de la hausse du taux de compression et de la production de l'entreprise haut de gamme de moteurs .

Ces six-cylindres sont disponibles dans le W180 / 128 châssis lignes, Mercedes première sans un cadre conventionnel, en utilisant un unitisées corps / cadre de la construction. Cette ligne a été introduit dans le milieu à la fin des années 1950, et est venu à englober l'220a, 219 (W105), 220S et 220SE (berline, coupé et cabriolet) modèles.

Les deux "Ponton" modèles ont été produits par les années 1950.

A W111 230SFintail

En 1959, la "Ponton" le corps a été remplacé par le nouveau 220Sb avec "Einheitskarosserie" (carrosserie) avec "Fintails", avec les différentes six-cylindres en "S"-versions de la W111 essentiellement différents de la plus petite 4-cylindres variante W110 par une autre longueur de l'avant, et la quantité de chrome appliqué.

Ainsi, le W110, introduit en 1961 comme un prédécesseur de la modernité Classe E, présentait un capot plus court pour l ' "économie" modèles 190C et 190Dc.

Le W112, 300 SEL avec un empattement plus long, a été pour le court délai, le modèle haut de gamme de Mercedes, succédant au baroque "Grosser Mercedes" ( "Grand Mercedes") 300, 300B, 300C, et 300D, qui sont souvent associés au chancelier Konrad Adenauer. En 1965, le W111 a également ajouté la ligne 230S berline. [[Image: Mercedes-Benz 600 vl argent TCE.jpg | thumb | left | La Mercedes-Benz 600 slotted modèle dans la gamme au-dessus de la Classe S] ] En Allemagne de l'Ouest de l 'économie de plus en plus au début des années 1960, Mercedes-Benz a vu la possibilité de construire un véhicule beaucoup plus grande que par le passé, visant principalement à un marché international, et les chefs d'État . En 1965, la société a présenté le luxe 600 Berline (série W100), qui prend le titre de «Großer Mercedes». Ce modèle est devenu une vitrine de luxe et de la technologie, la plus luxueuse Mercedes-Benz à ce jour et il peut être considéré comme un prédécesseur au début de la modernité Maybach modèles, plutôt que comme une partie de la Classe S lignée, même si certaines technologies pionnier dans cette voiture ont trouvé leur chemin dans le petit modèle.

Les 600 du rôle de phare de la marque a ensuite été pris en charge par le S-moderne de classe.

W108 ligne Fin des années 1960

, avec "Fintails étantpasséet ont baissé en faveur d'une semblable à la 600, la mise à jour et plus W108 / W109 lignes ont été introduites, dont la 250S, 250SE , 300SE, et 300SEL (empattement long) modèles.

Le W108/109 lignes, qui a finalement supplanté le W111 lignes, ne sont pas disponibles avec des moteurs 4-cylindres, et a ainsi établi le distinctes Classe S position sur le marché qui continue de nos jours.

Depuis le début de la W111 300SEL, chaque itération de la Classe S a inclus à court et à long empattement, le dernier des modèles (comme le W109) sont généralement les plus luxueux, puissant et bien équipé, avec le V8 - powered 300SEL 6.3 marquant la mise en évidence.

Fichier:Mercedes W116 h sst.jpg

Grands feux arrière des années 1970, W116, le premier "Classe S"

En 1973, Mercedes-Benz présente le W116 ligne, la première à être officiellement appelé 'Classe S'.

L'arrivée de la W116 a vu l'introduction de beaucoup améliorée sécurité passive dans la conception des véhicules, avec des fonctionnalités telles que l'antiblocage des freins et de renforcer le véhicule occupant shell. En outre, les moteurs V8 de 350/450 SE / SEL modèles ordinaires sont maintenant options.

En raison de la crise pétrolière, l'efficacité énergétique a été la préoccupation majeure pour les ingénieurs, mais ils ont encore ajouté également la Mercedes-Benz 450SEL 6.9.

Le W126, le plus de succès Classe S (US-spec exemple)

En 1979, le W126 est arrivé, en remplacement de la ligne W116.

Le W126 apporté beaucoup amélioré aérodynamique à la Classe S, élargi encore plus léger avec des blocs moteurs en aluminium Coupé des modèles basés sur la Classe S ont été réintroduits (380/500 SEC). Il a également introduit maintenant bien connus, tels que les caractéristiques de sécurité côté passager airbags, de prétensionneurs de ceintures de sécurité et de contrôle de la traction.

Il est devenu le plus de succès Classe S design jamais construit, et a été produit pour une période de douze ans, son modèle de cycle prolongé de la toute première Classe S à mi-cycle de mise à jour.

A 1990 W140 allemande Taxi

Le W126 a été remplacé en 1991 par le W140 ligne, qui a vu la voiture se développer de manière spectaculaire dans ses proportions, pour lequel il a reçu des critiques. En outre, plus de la technologie et de nombreuses fonctionnalités ont été ajoutées en réponse à une concurrence internationale croissante.

Le W220

À la fin de 1999, la plus petite mais plus spacieux W220 a vu de nouveau l'accent sur l'élégance et le style, avec une forme arrondie par rapport à la précédente W140.

Le W220 a été produite dans une version berline uniquement à ce moment-là, la Classe S W140 coupes ont déjà été remplacé par le nouveau CL-Class en 1998, qui partagent des modèles de conception de base et les caractéristiques de la Classe S. Depuis 2003, la tradition arrière Classe S aussi offert 4matic all-wheel drive, dans certains marchés. En 2007, l'actuel W221 Classe S en première, en remplacement de la W220.

Cette dernière génération de la Classe S est légèrement plus grand que son prédécesseur, avec nette style extérieur (notamment l'échelle fender arcs) et des améliorations technologiques. Nouvelles caractéristiques techniques sur le W221 comprennent une infrarouge de vision de nuit caractéristique et la plus récente de Mercedes-Benz système de pré-collision.

Le W221 est la deuxième consécutive, la génération de la Classe S d'être le seul produit dans un type de carrosserie berline.

Aux États-Unis, les prix de base de la Classe S W221 vont de $ 87.475 pour la S550, $ 144,975 pour le S600, $ 127,775 pour la S63 AMG et $ 194,775 pour la S65 AMG.

actuelle génération de Classe S: le W221

Actuellement, la plupart des W221 Classe S les modèles sont construits à l'usine de Daimler AG Sindelfingen, Allemagne.

Fondée par Daimler Motor Company, en 1915, l'usine de Sindelfingen, a également produit le modèle 600 "Grosser Mercedes" des générations passées et de la Classe S. Sindelfingen plant also produced the model 600 "Großer Mercedes" and past generations of the Classe S. précédente Classe S modèles (comme le W126) ont été construits dans des endroits différents, allant de Stuttgart, à l'Afrique du Sud, mais avec des modèles récents (tels que le W220), la production a été concentrée dans Sindelfingen.

En Février 2007, l'usine DaimlerChrysler de Malaisie en Pekan, Pahang commencé la production de S350 (modèle W221) de véhicules. En tout, près de 2,7 millions de véhicules de Classe S ont été produits dans les quarante dernières années. (())

Rôle de l'autoroute

Les grandes autoroute autorouts étendues allemandes ne disposent pas de toute limite de vitesse à l'exception de celles recommandé " '((convertir | 130 | km / h | mph | lk = on | abbr = on)). Conduire à une vitesse assez élevée pendant de longues périodes tend à entraîner une augmentation des tensions sur un véhicule et nécessite une ingénierie.

Mercedes-Benz a demandé à l'ingénieur de ses véhicules, plus particulièrement le Classe S, d'exceller dans cet environnement unique, permettant à la grande vitesse de croisière

Des normes de performance du moteur, l'intégrité corporelle, et la fiabilité font partie de ce processus. Par exemple, la Classe S est construit avec une électronique de la vitesse limitée à 250 km / h (155 mph), qui peut maintenir les conducteurs lors de la conduite sur l'autoroute. AMG propose également Manufaktur délimitation ou de réinitialiser à 300 km / h (186 mph). Historiquement, le génie de la Classe S a souvent eu lieu sans égard aux coûts, une pratique qui s'est poursuivie sans entrave à travers le W140 ligne. La société a à son tour, a été en mesure d'exploiter comme un marketing outil, qui a abouti à son ancien slogan, «l'ingénierie de voiture pas comme les autres dans le monde." Ce slogan a été utilisé dans les années 1980 avec la commercialisation de la Classe S W126. Toutefois, à la suite de la formation de DaimlerChrysler et la cessation de l'ingénieur-surbudgétisation sanctionné la fin des années 1990, ce slogan a été abandonné, les modèles W220 Classe S aussi exposées plus bas taux de fiabilité et de qualité.

Nomenclature

Fichier:Classe S titles1.JPG

ordre original

Fichier:Classe S titles.JPG

commande

En typiques Mercedes-Benz de mode à la fin des années 1920, l'appellation traditionnelle de chaque voiture se compose de trois chiffres indiquant la taille du moteur (jusqu'à 770 dans les années 1930) et, en option, soit les lettres indiquant caractéristiques du moteur ( "260D" depuis le premier Diesel de 1936) ou l'organisme de styles ( "K" pour'kurz (court) que dans les années 1930, 540k). Les lettres proviennent de allemand terminologie. Par exemple, indique une 500SEL Classe S (Sonderklasse') avec un moteur d'une berline de taille d'environ 5000 cm³, avec injection de carburant (Einspritzung') et un long empattement (Lang'). Notez que le "S" et "L" dans la "SEL" ne sont pas égaux à ceux de la «SL» ('Sport Leicht'), le roadsters SL-S ne sont pas les véhicules de classe. En allemand, le phare de véhicules sont dénomméesdie S-Klasse.Jusqu'en 1982, il n'y avait que deux lignes. Les nouveaux W201 (Baby-Benz) a été maladroitement appelé 190, quel que soit le moteur a été installé. Comme dans les précédents modèles spéciaux, la capacité réelle est indiqué que, par exemple, "190E 2,6", afin de le distinguer de la mi-taille 260E, la taille moyenne cinq portes 260TE, et le "Classe S" en utilisant le même 260SE six-cylindres. En 1994, lorsque le W202 a été présenté commeC-Class, la traditionnelle convention de nommage (nombre, plus de lettres) a été inversée, avec une grande lettre d'identifier la ligne (actuellement, A, B, C, E, G, M, R, S, V sont en cours d'utilisation). Dès lors, le long empattement (anciennement «SEL») et la longueur des modèles ordinaires (anciennement "SE") sont marqués par le préfixe de "S" indépendamment de la longueur. Par exemple, les deux 500SEL et 500SE sont maintenant identifiés comme S500, avec injection de carburant étant désormais la norme de toute façon. Actuellement, la Classe S est disponible en trois niveaux de finition, les chiffres sont donnés dans l'ordre croissant pour désigner plus de modèles haut de gamme (par exemple, S550 / AMG S600/S63 etc) Dans officiel Mercedes-Benz et de publications sur les plaques des véhicules, un espace entre la lettre et des chiffres est d'usage (par exemple, S 600). Classe S

Chronologie

La chronologie ci-après des générations de Mercedes -Benz modèles phares sont considérés comme faisant partie de la lignée de la classe S-moderne:

Debut	Chassis code	Name/class	Major models	Summary
1955	W180	"Ponton"	220S	(Article notes)
1958	W128	"Ponton"	220SE	(Article notes)
1959	W111	"Fintail"	220b/Sb/SEb	(Article notes)
1961	W112	"Fintail"	300SE/SEL	(Article notes)
1965	W108	N/A	250S/SE, 300SE/SEL	(Article notes)
1972	W116	Classe S	280S/SE/SEL, 350/450SE/SEL, 300SD	(Classe S notes)
1979	W126	Classe S	280/300SE/SEL, 420/500/560SE/SEL/SEC, 350SD/SDL	(Classe S notes)
1991	W140	Classe S	300SE/SEL, 400/500/600SEL, 500/600SEC, 300SD	(Classe S notes)
1999	W220	Classe S	S280, S320, S420, S350, S430, S500, S600, S320 CDI, S55, S63, S65	(Classe S notes)
2006	W221	Classe S	S300(280), S350, S450, S550(500), S600, S320/S420 CDI, S63, S65	(Classe S notes)

"Ponton" (1955)

W180/W128

Article détaillé : Mercedes-Benz W180/W128.

The W180 line debuted in 1955, and is the first lineup of "Ponton" models associated with the Mercedes-Benz Classe S. The W180 featured six-cylinder sedan, coupé, and convertible models, and was produced until 1957. The later W128 lineup was the last to be associated with the "Ponton" name, and featured sedan, coupé, and cabriolet models powered by a 2.2L straight-6. The "Ponton" designation referred to pontoon fenders, a stylistic feature on the W180/W128 models.

The "Ponton" lineup included four- and six-cylinder models, but only the six-cylinder W180 and W128 lines are considered part of the Mercedes-Benz Classe S chronology, as they were the most powerful "Ponton" versions available.

"Fintail" (1959)

W111/W112

Article détaillé : Mercedes-Benz W111/W112 s.

The W111 "Fintail" series debuted in 1959. Initially powered by a line of straight-6 engines (the M180 and M127), it set a new standard for luxury. In 1961, the W111 series was augmented with a line of 3.0 L straight-6 cars, the W112. The W112 was the most luxurious model in the Mercedes-Benz lineup until surpassed by the W100 line's model 600 limousines in 1963. The W111/W112 lines contained sedan, coupe, and convertible models.

The Fintail was among the first cars in the world to have crumple zones and disc brakes, and for the top of range W112 models, an air suspension. The characteristic name referred to a styling feature on the rear section of the W111/W112 models, the Heckflosse ("Fintail") which resembled the larger fins then in fashion on American luxury cars produced by Cadillac and Buick.

The larger W111/W112 Fintail models should not be confused with a smaller Fintail line, the W110, which was also produced in 1961 (derived from the W111 line) and was essentially the predecessor of today's E-Class.

W108 (1965)/W109

Brouillaxx/test01

Article détaillé : Mercedes-Benz W108

With the W108/W109 series of 1965, the range received V8 power for the first time. The W108 line launched with an initial lineup of straight-6 powered models. The unusual high-displacement 300 SEL 6.3 V8 model was based on this body type. The W108 line was larger than the Fintail models it replaced, and also eliminated the characteristic design feature of the previous model.

During this period, the designation S or SE was used for short wheelbase models including 250S, 250SE, and 300SE. Long wheelbase models (extended by 4 inches in the back door) were designated SEL (L= lang or long). Since the advent of the W108 series, the Mercedes-Benz Classe S has always included two wheelbase lengths. The more powerful 300SE and 300SEL models were the most luxurious versions of the W108 line, with available burl walnut dashboards, automatic transmission, and power windows.

In 1968, the W108 line dropped the 250S and 250SE in favor of Classe S models with the larger engined 280S (in carbureted form) and the 280SE (with fuel injection); the 300SE/SEL models were later offered with a 3.5 litre V8 engine (in both the SE and SEL form) and a 6.3 litre V8 engine (in the SEL model only).

1965 à 1972. De 250S à la Mercedes 300SEL 6.3

W116 (1972)

Brouillaxx/test01

Article détaillé : Mercedes-Benz W116

Lancée au Salon de Paris en 1972. Construite jusqu'en 1979. De la 280S à la Mercedes-Benz 450SEL 6.9, cette dernière de 1975 à 1979. See Mercedes-Benz W116 for complete details.

The W116 series, produced from 1972 through 1979, was the first Mercedes-Benz model to be officially designated the Classe S. The W116 Classe S featured a four-wheel independent suspension and disc brakes. The 280, 350, and 450 (4.5L version) models featured SE and SEL versions. Production of the W116 totaled 473,035 units.

The W116 models were large luxury sedans. The W116 was larger on the outside than the W108/W109 series it replaced, but had similar interior capacity, as the additional bulk was driven by new theories on car safety and occupant protection in a crash. It was one of the first cars to be available with ABS, a driver's airbag supplemental restraint system, or a turbo diesel engine.

The 450SE, then the most powerful model in the W116 lineup, was awarded European Car of the Year in 1974. Starting in 1975, the W116 was upgraded with a new fuel injection system in order to comply with revised exhaust emission standards in European markets. A slight power reduction was a result of this update, but in 1978, a series of further engine upgrades restored original performance levels under the new fuel injection systems.

Engines

The most notable W116 was the high-performance, limited-production 450 SEL 6.9. This 8-cylinder model boasted the largest engine installed in a postwar Mercedes-Benz up to that time. Every 450 SEL 6.9 featured a self-leveling hydropneumatic suspension, and offered the ABS anti-lock braking system as an option from 1978 onwards. Also, in the United States only, Mercedes-Benz introduced the economical but powerful 3.0 liter 5-cylinder turbodiesel in 1978, sold as the 300SD.

W126

Brouillaxx/test01

Article détaillé : Mercedes-Benz W126

Modèle:Infobox Automobile generation See Mercedes-Benz W126 for complete details.

The W126 series premiered in late 1979 as 1980 model (and 1981 in USA and Australia). The W126 line introduced a host of new safety features, and ushered in the next phase of Mercedes-Benz styling. The W126 S-Class was also the first luxury car to win the prestigious Car of the Year award from Australia's Wheels Magazine, which it did in 1981. The W126 line lasted from 1979 through 1991, a production run of over twelve years. Total sales of the W126 S-Class sedans reached 818,036 units, with an additional 74,060 coupes sold. These sales figures make the W126 the most successful S-Class line in Mercedes-Benz history.

In 1981, the W126 introduced the modern airbag, as patented by Mercedes-Benz in 1971, to the world as an additional measure of occupant protection. Other safety innovations on the W126 included passenger side airbags (in 1986), seat-belt pretensioners, and traction control. In the cabin, additional courtesy and reading lamps, along with heated seats and a more advanced climate control system, added to the luxurious interior environment. A four-speed automatic transmission was standard.

Although the top of range Mercedes-Benz 450SEL 6.9 of the previous generation was not directly replaced, the W126 carried forward the hydropneumatic suspension of the 6.9 as an option on the 500SEL. A new cruise control system was offered as well. Abandoning the roadster based coupes, the W126 introduced a two door variant, the SEC coupé. The longevity of the W126 S-Class model cycle was aided by a mid-cycle update in 1986, an upgrade which previously was not done in S-Class generations. During the update of the W126 model S-Class, a facelift was performed and engine upgrades occurred.

Engines

The W126 500 SEL.

Powerplants on the W126 S-Class included straight-6 and V8 engines. Most sales came from the diesel model in the United States and straight-6 models in Europe, although the V8 models were praised by contemporary journalists. During the W126 mid-cycle update in 1986, both the straight-6 and V8 engines were upgraded in several models to different displacement levels (six-cylinder upgraded from 2.8L to 3.0L, eight-cylinder upgraded from 3.8L to 4.2L, and 5.0L to 5.6L).

Notably, the 500SEL has an interesting place in US history, despite not being offered in that country. American demand for this particular car drove the establishment of a large grey market. The detuned, yet very expensive standard US specification 380 SE/SEL/SEC/SL was underpowered, according to contemporary reports, so 25,000 units per year of the parallel import vehicle were sold in the early 1980s. That prompted then Mercedes-Benz of North America to lobby for the elimination of parallel import in 1988.

1979 (1981 pour le coupé Mercedes coupé SEC W126) à 1991. De la 260SE à la 560SEL.

W140

Brouillaxx/test01

Article détaillé : Mercedes-Benz W140 1991 à 1998. La W140, berline et coupé (Mercedes coupé CL W140 a été présentée en mars 1991 au salon de Genève, et a été produite jusqu'à 1998.

Modèle:Infobox Automobile generation See Mercedes-Benz W140 for complete details.

In 1991, W140 series replaced the W126 line in the Mercedes-Benz lineup, and the first production model of the latest S-Class rolled off the assembly line on August 6 of that year. As with its predecessor, the W140 was the first of the "next generation" of Mercedes-Benz models to feature the company's new design theme. Following S-Class tradition, the car was available in two wheelbase lengths along with the shorter-wheelbase W140 coupé. Production totaled 406,532 units, the reduced total reflecting the inroads made by the newly introduced Lexus LS into the key US export market.

The W140 S-Class is often known as the last Mercedes-Benz to be "overengineered," a company trait which was costing Mercedes-Benz in product delays and overbudgeting. For the consumer, the W140 cost a considerable 25% more than the preceding W126. Intense pressure from competitors such as Lexus and Infiniti led to the addition of more features and options as to set the W140 apart from the rest and to justify the higher price. The W140 introduced new innovations such as double-pane window glazing, self-closing boot lid and doors, electric windows with a jam-protection feature (lowering back down when encountering an obstruction), rear-parking markers (which appeared on the rear wings when in reverse), and a heating system which emitted warm air even after the engine was turned off.

In 1993, Mercedes-Benz model nomenclature was completely rationalized, with the SE/SEL/SEC cars becoming the S-Class and alphanumerical designations inverted (e.g. the both 500SE and 500SEL became S500 regardless of wheelbase length). In 1995, following the new Mercedes-Benz tradition of mid-life facelifts (first with the W126 in 1986), the W140 received a minor facelift. The clear turn signal indicator lenses on the front and rear were the most obvious changes. Headlamps were fitted with separate low and high beam reflectors. Following the mid-year facelift, the W140 coupé and sedan were each fitted with Electronic Stability Control. The W140 was to feature an air suspension as an option, but Mercedes-Benz was still perfecting the technology and chose to launch air suspension as an option in the next generation S-Class in late 1999.

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W220 (1999)

W220
Moteur et transmission
Transmission	Propulsion Boîte automatique 5 et 7 rapports (G-Tronic)

Article détaillé : Mercedes-Benz W220 . 1998 à 2005.

Par rapport au modèle précédent, la Mercedes Classe S fait un cure d'amaigrissement de 200kg, et ce n'est pas le seul changement apporté. Mercedes dépose pour ce modèle 333 brevets technologiques et inaugure la plupart des systèmes présents dans les voitures modernes. Parmi ces brevets, on retrouvera entre autres :

• Le Parktronic, radar avant/arrière pour l'aide au stationnement
• Le Linguatronic, commandes vocales
• Le BAS, système d'aide au freinage d'urgence
• La climatisation 4 zones
• Le Pre-Safe

Restylée à l'occasion du salon de l'automobile à Paris en 2002, elle sera fidèle à sa présentation et présentera alors en avant-première mondiale le système de sécurité Pre-Safe. Ce système permet l'optimisation de la voiture en cas de choc. Avant un choc, il ferme par exemple les fenêtres ou le toit ouvrant, règle la position du siège passager de façon optimale afin de le préparer le mieux possible au choc. Après le choc, il sert par exemple à couper automatiquement l'alimentation et à allumer les feux de détresse. Ce système a encore été amélioré sur la cinquième génération de Classe S, présentée en 2005.

W221

Modèle:Infobox Automobile generation See Mercedes-Benz W221 for complete details.

The all-new W221 was introduced in the autumn of 2005 at the Frankfurt International Motor Show, with export to other markets beginning in 2006. The W221 S-Class made its North American premiere at the 2006 North American International Auto Show in January. The latest S-Class is slightly larger in all dimensions than its predecessor, and it features three newly developed engines with up to 26% power increase. The interior is completely new, all materials have been upgraded and make for a more luxurious ride, and the center console transmission gear lever has been replaced with a column-mounted shifter.

Models sold in North America are the S450 (2008-,SWB and Canada only), S550, S600, S63 AMG and S65 AMG; other models to be sold outside North America include the S280, S350, S300, S420 CDI and S320 CDI. The first W221 model released in North America and Japan was the S550 (called S500 outside North America and Japan), with the S600 arriving in the following spring. Notable features on the W221 include: the 7G-Tronic seven-speed automatic transmission (standard, except on V12 engines, where the 5-speed Sequentronic is used as the 7-speed cannot handle the power of the AMG V12). 4MATIC four wheel drive arrived in the fourth quarter of 2006.

The brakes continue to become more advanced with the new Brake Assist Plus system monitoring for an impending collision and increasing braking if needed, while the Distronic Plus cruise control can now bring the car to a complete stop. This system works in outdoor conditions; a test demonstration by Mercedes-Benz in a crash-test hall resulted in embarrassment for the company when a new S-Class crashed into the back of a stationary W220 S-Class, an incident later attributed to radar-confusing steel in this hall.

In 2007, Automobile Magazine named the W221 S-Class as one of its 2007 "All-Stars" over rivals from Lexus and BMW, and Car and Driver selected the S550 as the winner in a five-way comparison test of flagship luxury sedans. The W221 S-Class was also the recipient of several other motoring awards (see following).

Standard features of the S550 include air conditioning w/dual-zone automatic climate controls, interior air filter, Tele Aid assistance system, navigation system w/voice recognition, power tilt/telescopic leather-wrapped steering wheel w/radio controls, cruise control, leather upholstery, heated 14-way power front seats w/lumbar adjustment, memory system, heated power mirrors w/driver-side automatic day/night, power sunroof, premium sound system, 6-disc CD changer, saatellite radio, wireless cell phone link, universal garage door opener, automatic day/night rearview mirror, and power rear sunshade. The S63 adds on heated/ventilated and massaging multicountour front seats w/automatic body-securing side bolsters, keyless start, power side sunshades, and power trunk closing. The S65 and S600 add on night vision, heated wood/leather-wrapped steering wheel, adaptive cruise control, power panoramic sunroof, rear dual-zone automatic climate controls, 8-way power-adjustable heated/ventilated rear seats w/lumbar adjustment, alcantara headliner, and rearview camera. Options for less expensive S-Class models include night vision, power panorama sunroof, power side sunshades, heated steering wheel, upgraded leather upholstery, rearview camera, multicontour massaging front seats w/automatic body securing side bolsters, 8-way power adjustable heated/ventilated rear seats w/lumbar adjustment, rear dual-zone automatic climate controls, power trunk closing, and ventilated front seats.

Engines

The W221 S550 is sold as the same-engined S500 in Europe.

The W221 S-Class features a similar number and variety of engine choices as the previous generation W220 S-Class. The current lineup of gasoline engines includes a 3.5L V6 with 268 hp ( ) in the S350, and two V8 selections: the 4.6 L, 335 hp ( ) V8 in the S450, and the 5.5, 382 hp ( ) V8 in the S500/S550. Turbo diesel V6 options include 3.0L 235 hp ( ) and 4.0L 310 hp ( ) variants in the respective S320 and S420 CDI models.

The twin-turbo V12 S600 returns with the W221 generation, and features a 5.5L twin-turbo V12 with an output of 510 hp ( ). The S550 completes the 0-60mph run in just 5.5 seconds. Two high-performance S-Class AMG models are currently offered: the S63 AMG with a 6.2L, 518 hp ( ) V8, and the chart-topping S65 AMG with a 6.0L, twin-turbo V12 producing 612 hp ( ) and a torque limited to 1000 Nm, or about 738 lb-ft. The car weighs about 2250 kg, but S65 AMG still makes 0-60mph in just 4.2 seconds, comparable to many top of the line sports cars. The S 63 AMG and the S 600 makes the same sprint in about 4.4 seconds. The twin-turbo V12 in the S 65 AMG is also found in Mercedes-Benz SL65 AMG.

Safety

Mercedes-Benz has traditionally introduced its safety innovations in the S-Class. For instance, the S-Class was the first car in Europe to incorporate airbags. S-Class safety features include the following innovations in active safety (accident avoidance), passive safety (collision protection), and holistic safety (integration of both active and passive safety features):

• Active safety: ABS braking in 1978 (acts to reduce braking distances and improve stopping control; co-developed with Bosch); traction control and Electronic Stability Program (ESP) in 1995 (improves driver control during difficult road conditions); and Brake Assist (provides full braking power during emergency stops). In 2005, a new infrared night vision feature was introduced (improves visibility during nighttime conditions). Despite the popular misconception, the S-Class was not the first car fitted with ABS braking technology, although some credit can be given for popularizing this now largely standard feature (ABS was initially an option on most models of the W126 S-Class).

• Passive safety: crumple zones in 1957 (vehicle body structure absorbs the force of impact); three-point seatbelts in 1965 (provides additional torso/body protection); collapsible steering column (prevents the steering column from protruding into the cabin during accidents), strengthened occupant cell enhanced occupant protection during severe impacts, rollovers); pre-accident seatbelt tensioning (tightens seatbelts prior to impact), and sandwich platforms (allows the engine to slide under the occupants in a head-on collision).

• PRE-SAFE, Mercedes-Benz's holistic safety feature, was introduced on the S-Class in 2002. PRE-SAFE integrates multiple active and passive safety features for a "safety net" approach to vehicle safety by attempting to prevent accidents; if accidents do occur, PRE-SAFE aims to reduce occupant injury. In the latest version of this pre-collision system, PRE-SAFE will prime the brake assist system, lock the doors to prevent accidental opening during the accident, adjust the seats, close the windows and sunroof, and tighten seatbelts during certain types of collisions. In the event an accident results in a roll over, the PRE-SAFE feature unlock the doors and lower the windows approximately one half an inch to allow you to exit or safety workers to gain access easily.

Road accident statistics on a model-by-model basis from the UK Department of Transport show that the Mercedes-Benz S-Class is one of the safest cars on the UK roads (measured in terms of chance of death in an accident).

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Émission de CO2	199 à 355 g/km

Article détaillé : Mercedes-Benz W221 .

Présentée au Salon de Francfort en Septembre 2005, la nouvelle et cinquième génération de Classe S existe en 2 longueurs : 5m07 pour la courte et 5m20 pour la longue. Equipée uniquement de moteur en V en 6, 8 et 12 cylindres essences et diesels, elle peut aussi recevoir une transmission intégrale nommée "4-Matic" qui permet de maximiser la sécurité.

S 500

La gamme essence se compose de :

• la S 350 avec un V6 3.5 de 272ch.
• la S 450 avec un V8 4.7 de 340ch.
• la S 500 avec un V8 5.5 de 388ch.
• la S 600 avec un V12 5.5 biturbo de 517ch.

La gamme diesel se compose de:

• la S 320 CDI avec un V6 3.0 CDi de 235ch.
• la S 420 CDI avec un V8 4.0 CDi de 320ch.

Mais la nouvelle S peut aussi compter sur deux modèles griffés AMG:

• la S 63 AMG,version sport de la S500, dispose d'un V8 6.2 atmosphérique de 517ch.
• la S 65 AMG, version sport de la S600, dispose d'un V12 6.0 biturbo de 612ch.

Ses prix en Euros:

Moteur	Version courte	Version longue
Versions essence
S 350	86900 €	92300 €
S 450	105500 €	109900 €
S 500	112300 €	116700 €
S 600		163500 €
S 63 AMG	159100 €	163500 €
S 65 AMG		239900 €
Versions diesel
S 320 CDI	81900 €	87300 €
S 420 CDI	113500 €	117900 €

Les versions "4-Matic" sont disponibles sur S 350,S 450,S 500 et S 320 CDI en versions courte et longue en option pour le prix de 4000Euros.

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Brouillaxx/test01
Production	1 954–present exemplaire(s)

W220 (1999)

Modèle:Infobox Automobile generation See Mercedes-Benz W220 for complete details.

In late 1999, the W220 was introduced. The W220 S-Class was completely restyled, with a body that was slightly smaller and lighter than its predecessor. Unlike its predecessor, the W220 was not the first model to feature the company's new design theme for the next generation of Mercedes-Benz. This honor was given to the A-Class when it launched in 1997. The new S-Class incorporated the new styling cues first introduced on the Mk I A-Class the year before (for example, the dashboard carried over the new styling details first seen in the A-Class). Despite being smaller, the W220 S-Class offered more interior space than the W140. Production of the W220 S-Class totaled 485,000 units, slightly more than the production totals from the W140.

As with each new S-Class, the W220 brought in new innovations such as Airmatic air suspension and Active Ventilated Seats (which used miniature fans in the seats to move air through perforations). A navigation system with center console-mounted screen display was introduced, along with the COMAND input control system. Other options included keyless entry and ignition, a radar-controlled Distronic cruise control system and a cylinder shut-off system called Active Cylinder Control. The 4MATIC all wheel drive system was introduced to the North America market S-Class for 2003.

Consumer Reports classified the W220 model's reliability as "poor," its lowest rating, and declared it one of the "least reliable luxury cars." Build quality, however, was generally considered to be good. For instance, Forbes described the W220 S500 as "built remarkably well." Early W220s were recalled for issues with the trunk spring and the hydraulic fuel line; there were no recalls for the 2005 or 2006 model years.

In 2002 Mercedes-Benz introduced the world's first preemptive safety system on the W220 with its first iteration of PRE-SAFE.

In 2003, the W220 S-Class received an exterior refresh with updates to the front fascia. The grille angle was adjusted to a slightly more upright position, and the xenon-discharge headlamps were given a new transparent housing, replacing the earlier opaque versions. The front bumper's lower air intakes were also restyled. In 2005, the S-Class was the first vehicle to receive a TÜV Institute environmental certificate from the German Commission on Technical Compliance for environmentally friendly components.

Engines

Introduced in 2005, the S65 AMG offered the most powerful engine ever available in the S-Class.

The W220 was available with more engine options than the W126 or W140. The range started with smaller 3.2L 224 hp ( ) V6 motor, which was superseded by an enlarged 3.7L 245 hp ( ) V6 in the S350. The S430 was powered by a 4.3L 279 hp ( ) V8 and the S500 was powered by a 5.0L 306 hp ( ) V8. The S55 AMG was outfitted with a supercharged 5.4L 493 hp ( ) V8 motor, the S55 AMG 2000/2001 was outfitted with the naturally aspirated 5.4L 367 hp ( ) V8 motor. The S600 was outfitted with a 5.5L 493 hp ( ) V12 twin turbo engine, the S600 2000/2001 was outfitted with the naturally aspirated 5.8L 367 hp ( ) V12 engine.

For one month in 2001, AMG produced the S63 AMG, which was sold in very limited numbers. The S63 was powered by a 6.3L 444 hp ( ) V12. An undisclosed number of were sold exclusively through AMG in European and Asian markets. The S65 AMG was introduced in 2005. Powered by a 6.0L 612 hp ( ) V12 twin turbo motor, the S65 was the most powerful S-Class, as well as the world's most powerful production sedan. The S65 had a 0 – 60  ( ) time of 4.2 seconds and could reach 100  ( ) under 9.0 seconds.

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Special models

S-Guard

The W220 S-Guard.

A special armored version of the Mercedes-Benz S-Class has been produced, known as the S-Guard. This model is specifically designed for high-risk security environments. Customers which may require such a vehicle include diplomats and celebrities. Special features of the latest model, produced in 2006, include the capability to withstand military-grade small arms fire and certain explosive devices, a self-sealing fuel tank, and a special alarm system.

The S-Guard is widely used at the diplomatic level to protect world leaders. Ninety governments worldwide are known to use the S-Guard for transport of government leaders and dignitaries. Commercial buyers may opt for the High-Protection S-Guard, with the ability to withstand small arms fire; for those at risk of assassination and terrorist attacks, the Highest-Protection Guard model is designed to withstand military rifles and high-velocity ammunition. The S-Guard is built on a special production line at the S-Class facility in Sindelfingen, Germany, with specific S-Guard enhancements integrated at multiple stages throughout the production process.

Saks-edition

Upscale department store Saks Fifth Avenue offered 20 special-edition S600 sedans for sale in its 2005 Christmas catalog. All 20 cars, priced at US$145,000 each, sold on November 22, 2005 in under seven minutes. The Saks-edition S600 sedans were finished in a mocha black exterior with an almond beige interior and were the first examples of the S600 to be sold to private owners. The S600s came with nearly every option standard.

S-Class hybrids

S400

In 2007, Mercedes-Benz announced plans for the S400, a W221 mild hybrid model featuring a V6 engine mated to an electric motor, slated for release around 2009.

In early 2008, Mercedes-Benz added that the hybrid S400 would incorporate a lithium-ion battery, a first for mainstream automobiles. In October 2008, Mercedes-Benz subsequently announced the production of the S400 BlueHYBRID, based on the S350 model. The vehicle will be launched in calendar 2009. In addition to the first production automotive hybrid with a lithium battery, the 3.5-litre petrol engine develops an output of 205 kW/279 hp, the electric motor generates 15 kW/20 hp and a starting torque of 160 Nm. The result is a combined output of 220 kW/299 hp and a combined maximum torque of 385 newton metres.

Other hybrids

A concept future hybrid, the F700 Research Car, was also unveiled at the 2007 Frankfurt auto show. The F700 featured three regular opening doors and a fourth door capable of 180 degree rotation.

Also an S300 Bluetec hybrid is going to appear in the next years, making Mercedes-Benz one of the first companies to combine a hybrid powertrain with a diesel engine (diesel-electric hybrid vehicle) in a production vehicle.

In April 2008, Daimler unveiled battery technology for the Mercedes-Benz S-Class limousine that it developed jointly with tires-and-parts supplier Continental AG.

Visionary Vehicles (VV) intends to bring a $35,000 luxury Mercedes-Benz S-Class V2G-capable PHEV to market around 2010. VV just announced it would compete for the X-Prize.

S-Class concept vehicles

Ocean Drive concept

The Ocean Drive Concept.

At the North American International Auto Show (NAIAS) in 2006, Mercedes-Benz unveiled the Ocean Drive concept, a convertible based on the W221 S-Class. There has since been speculation that this vehicle might see production. The Ocean Drive concept combines both retro and futuristic elements; an outsize, more prominent grille hearkens back to past Mercedes-Benz models, while flush body panels and doors, along with sculpted side flanks and LED lights, are new design cues.

Other design features include Mercedes-Benz's "Airscarf" system, which debuted on the SLK roadster and circulates hot air around the seats and occupant necks. A pillarless window design is similar to the current CL coupe and thus offers occupants an unobstructed view. Bird's eye maple wood trim and a champagne exterior color were featured on this S-Class concept.

S-Class robots

In the 1980s, Mercedes-Benz built the world's first driverless cars, together with the team of Professor Ernst Dickmanns at Bundeswehr Universität München. The culmination of this effort was achieved in 1995, when Dickmanns' re-engineered autonomous S-Class robot completed a trip from Munich, Bavaria to Copenhagen, Denmark and back. On the autobahn, the robot S-Class achieved speeds exceeding 175 km/h. It suggested and executed overtaking maneuvers. The car's abilities left a big impression on many observers, and is said to have heavily influenced robot car research and funding decisions worldwide.

Awards

Recent generations of the Mercedes-Benz S-Class have been the recipient of different automotive awards, reflecting the vehicle's status as one of the world's most prestigious luxury flagships. These awards include the following categories:

• Quality and customer satisfaction. From 1987-1990, with the W126 S-Class leading its sales, Mercedes-Benz received the highest customer ratings in the J.D. Power Sales Satisfaction Index. In 1990, the Mercedes S-Class was the third-ranked luxury vehicle in J.D. Power's Initial Quality Survey, behind only the Mercedes-Benz E-Class and Lexus LS. Versus an average of 140 problems per 100 cars, the S-Class averaged 74.5, nearly twice better. The latest S-Class also tied with the Audi A8 (total) for having the fewest quality problems in the industry after 90 days of ownership, with just 72 problems per 100 vehicles in the 2007 IQS Ranking.

• Safety and security. Popular Mechanics gave the W221 S-Class its 2007 Automotive Excellence Award in the Safety category. In 2007, What Car? magazine recognized Mercedes-Benz with its Safety Award, noting safety innovations which first appeared in the S-Class. In 2006, the S-Class received a British Insurance Car Security Award at Thatcham, the UK insurance centre. The W126 S-Class was awarded by the U.S. Highway Loss Data Institute as the "The Safest Passenger Car of the Year" in 1988 and 1989.

• Design and technology. In 2006, Wheels Magazine feted the W221 S-Class with an Automotive Design Award. Production analyst group Automotive Circle International (ACI) gave the W221 S-Class its "EuroCarBody Award 2005." The S-Class' Distronic Plus adaptive cruise control was named a Topauto award winner in the Innovation category in 2006. In 2005, Popular Science gave the S-Class its Best of What's New, Grand Award. In 2006, the W221 S-Class received the Best Seat award for its driver seat design at the Automotive Interior of the Year Awards.

• Luxury car. In 2007, What Car? magazine named the S-Class "Best Luxury Car" for the seventh time. In 2006, German newspaper Bild am Sonntag awarded the W221 S-Class with the Golden Steering Wheel Award in the Luxury category, the Drive Car of the Year Awards in Australia crowned the S-Class winner of Best Luxury Car over $60,000, and German-speaking journalists awarded the S-Class as the top luxury auto in the Topauto 2006 awards.

• Car of the Year. In 2007, Fleet News named the S-Class its "Luxury Car of the Year" for the fifth time. Top Gear magazine named the S-Class "Limousine of the Year" for 2006. The S-Class was named Car of the Year in Wheels Magazine for 1981 and again in 1999. The W116 S-Class was European Car of the Year in 1974.

• Environmental Friendly. The S-Class is the first car ever (2005) to receive an environmental certificate from the German Commission on Technical Compliance (TÜV).

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Liens Externes

• Mercedes-Benz S550 - official US site
• S-Class Saloon - official UK vehicle site
• S-Klasse Limousine - official Germany site
• The S-Class Overview