1-Sol - Cáculo Iii - 2° Parcial 1-2023
1-Sol - Cáculo Iii - 2° Parcial 1-2023
1-Sol - Cáculo Iii - 2° Parcial 1-2023
RAÚL MORAN
𝑑4 𝑦 𝑑3 𝑦 𝑑2 𝑦 𝑑𝑦
8 4
+ 12 3
− 6 2
+3 − 2𝑦 = 0
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
SOLUCIÓN
𝑑 𝑑𝑦
𝐶𝑎𝑚𝑏𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑁𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑐𝑖ó𝑛: 𝐷= ⇒ 𝐷𝑦 =
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
Por Ruffini:
1 8 12 −6 3 −2
−2 1 −16 8 −4 2
1 8 −4 2 −1 0
1
𝐷+2 = 0 ⇒ 𝐷 = −2 ; 2𝐷 − 1 = 0 ⇒ 𝐷=
2
1 1 1
4𝐷 2 + 1 = 0 ⇒ 4𝐷 2 = −1 ⇒ 𝐷2 = − ⇒ 𝐷 = ±√− ⇒ 𝐷=± 𝑖
4 4 2
1 1 1
𝑦 = 𝑐1 𝑒 −2𝑥 + 𝑐2 𝑒 2𝑥 + 𝑐3 cos( 𝑥) + 𝑐4 sen( 𝑥)
2 2
𝑑3 𝑦 𝑑2 𝑦 𝑑𝑦
− 7 + 14 − 8𝑦 = cos 𝑥
𝑑𝑥 3 𝑑𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥
SOLUCIÓN:
𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝐺𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑙: 𝑦 = 𝑦𝑐 + 𝑦𝑝
SOLUCIONARIO CÁLCULO III - 2° PARCIAL ING. RAÚL MORAN
(𝐷 3 − 7𝐷 2 + 14𝐷 − 8)𝑦 = 0
1 1 −7 14 −8 −2
+1 1 +1 −6 8 2
1 1 −6 8 0 0
(𝐷 − 1)(𝐷 2 − 6𝐷 + 8)𝑦 = 0
∴ 𝑦𝑐 = 𝑐1 𝑒 𝑥 + 𝑐2 𝑒 2𝑥 + 𝑐3 𝑒 4𝑥
1
𝑓(𝐷) ⋅ 𝑦 = cos 𝑥 ⇒ 𝑦= ⋅ cos 𝑥
𝑓(𝐷)
1
𝑦= ⋅ cos 𝑥
(𝐷 − 1)(𝐷 − 2)(𝐷 − 4)
1 𝐴 𝐵 𝐶
= + +
(𝐷 − 1)(𝐷 − 2)(𝐷 − 4) 𝐷 − 1 𝐷 − 2 𝐷 − 4
1 𝐴(𝐷 − 2)(𝐷 − 4) + 𝐵(𝐷 − 1)(𝐷 − 4) + 𝐶(𝐷 − 1)(𝐷 − 2)
=
(𝐷 − 1)(𝐷 − 2)(𝐷 − 4) (𝐷 − 1)(𝐷 − 2)(𝐷 − 4)
1 = 𝐴(𝐷 − 2)(𝐷 − 4) + 𝐵(𝐷 − 1)(𝐷 − 4) + 𝐶(𝐷 − 1)(𝐷 − 2)
1
𝑆𝑖: 𝐷 = 1 ⇒ 1 = 𝐴(−1)(−3) ⇒ 𝐴=
3
1
𝑆𝑖: 𝐷 = 2 ⇒ 1 = 𝐵(1)(−2) ⇒ 𝐵=−
2
1
𝑆𝑖: 𝐷 = 4 ⇒ 1 = 𝐶(3)(2) ⇒ 𝐶=
6
𝐴 𝐵 𝐶 1⁄ − 1⁄2 1⁄
𝑦=( + + ) cos 𝑥 => 𝑦 = ( 3 + + 6 ) cos 𝑥
𝐷−1 𝐷−2 𝐷−4 𝐷−1 𝐷−2 𝐷−4
1⁄ 1 1
𝑦= 3 ⋅ cos 𝑥 − ⁄2 ⋅ cos 𝑥 + ⁄6 ⋅ cos 𝑥
𝐷−1 𝐷−2 𝐷−4
𝑢 𝑣 𝑤
SOLUCIONARIO CÁLCULO III - 2° PARCIAL ING. RAÚL MORAN
𝑑
𝑦 = 𝑢 + 𝑣 + 𝑤 . . . . (1) 𝐷=
𝑑𝑥
Hallando: 𝑢, 𝑣, 𝑤
1⁄ 1 𝑑𝑢 1
𝑎) 𝑢 = 3 ⋅ cos 𝑥 ⇒ (𝐷 − 1)𝑢 = cos 𝑥 ⇒ − 𝑢 = cos 𝑥
𝐷−1 3 𝑑𝑥 3
1
𝑢 = [∫ cos 𝑥 ⋅ 𝑒 ∫ −𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥] 𝑒 − ∫ −𝑑𝑥
3
1 1
𝑢 = [∫ cos 𝑥 ⋅ 𝑒 −𝑥 𝑑𝑥] 𝑒 𝑥 = [ ∫ 𝑒 −𝑥 cos 𝑥 𝑑𝑥] 𝑒 𝑥
3 3
𝑒 𝑎𝑥
𝑈𝑠𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑜: ∫ 𝑒 𝑎𝑥 cos 𝑏𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = (𝑎 cos 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑏 sen 𝑏𝑥)
𝑎2 + 𝑏 2
1 𝑒 −𝑥
𝑢= [ ⋅ (− cos 𝑥 + sen 𝑥)] ⋅ 𝑒 𝑥
3 2
1 1
𝑢 = 𝑒 −𝑥 (sen 𝑥 − cos 𝑥) ⋅ 𝑒 𝑥 = (sen 𝑥 − cos 𝑥)
6 6
1⁄ 1 𝑑𝑣 1
𝑏) 𝑣 = 2 ⋅ cos 𝑥 ⇒ (𝐷 − 2)𝑣 = ⋅ cos 𝑥 ⇒ − 2𝑣 = cos 𝑥
𝐷−2 2 𝑑𝑥 2
1
𝑣 = [∫ cos 𝑥 ⋅ 𝑒 ∫ −2𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥] 𝑒 − ∫ −2𝑑𝑥
2
1 1
𝑣 = [∫ cos 𝑥 ⋅ 𝑒 −2𝑥 𝑑𝑥] 𝑒 2𝑥 => 𝑣 = [ ⋅ ∫ 𝑒 −2𝑥 ⋅ cos 𝑥 𝑑𝑥] 𝑒 2𝑥
2 2
1 𝑒 −2𝑥 2𝑥
1 𝑒 −2𝑥
𝑣= ⋅[ ⋅ (−2 cos 𝑥 + sen 𝑥)] 𝑒 = 𝑣 = ⋅ ⋅ (sen 𝑥 − 2 cos 𝑥) ⋅ 𝑒 2𝑥
2 (−2)2 + 12 2 5
1
𝑣= (sen 𝑥 − 2 cos 𝑥)
10
1⁄ 1 𝑑𝑤 1
𝑐) 𝑤 = 6 ⋅ cos 𝑥 ⇒ (𝐷 − 4)𝑤 = ⋅ cos 𝑥 ⇒ − 4𝑤 = cos 𝑥
𝐷−4 6 𝑑𝑥 6
1 1
𝑤 = [∫ cos 𝑥 ⋅ 𝑒 ∫ −4𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥] 𝑒 − ∫ −4𝑑𝑥 = [∫ cos 𝑥 ⋅ 𝑒 −4𝑥 𝑑𝑥] 𝑒 4𝑥
6 6
1
𝑤 = [ ⋅ ∫ 𝑒 −4𝑥 ⋅ cos 𝑥 𝑑𝑥] 𝑒 4𝑥
6
1 𝑒 −4𝑥 1 𝑒 −4𝑥
𝑤= ⋅[ ⋅ (−4 cos 𝑥 + sen 𝑥)] 𝑒 4𝑥 = ⋅ ⋅ (sen 𝑥 − 4 cos 𝑥) ⋅ 𝑒 4𝑥
6 (−4)2 + 12 6 17
1
𝑣= ⋅ (sen 𝑥 − 4 cos 𝑥)
102
SOLUCIONARIO CÁLCULO III - 2° PARCIAL ING. RAÚL MORAN
Reemplazando en (1):
𝑦𝑝 = 𝑢 + 𝑣 + 𝑤 . . . . (1)
1 1 1
𝑦𝑝 = (sen 𝑥 − cos 𝑥) − (sen 𝑥 − 2 cos 𝑥) + (sen 𝑥 − 4 cos 𝑥)
6 10 102
1 1 1 2 1 4
𝑦𝑝 = sen 𝑥 − cos 𝑥 − sen 𝑥 + cos 𝑥 + sen 𝑥 − cos 𝑥
6 6 10 10 102 102
Reduciendo:
13 1
𝑦𝑝 = sen 𝑥 − cos 𝑥
170 170
∴ 𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝐺𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑙: 𝑦 = 𝑦𝑐 + 𝑦𝑝
13 1
𝑦 = 𝑐1 𝑒 𝑥 + 𝑐2 𝑒 2𝑥 + 𝑐3 𝑒 4𝑥 + sen 𝑥 − cos 𝑥
170 170
3) Usando Propiedades adecuadas, Hallar las transformadas de Laplace de la Función:
𝐹(𝑡) = (𝑒 𝑡 + 𝑒 −𝑡 )2
Completando cuadrados:
𝑠 2 − 6𝑠 + 25 = 𝑠 2 − 6𝑠 + 32 + 25 − 32
= (𝑠 − 3)2 + 16
= (𝑠 − 3)2 + 42
3𝑠 + 5
ℒ −1 {𝑓(𝑠) } = ℒ −1 { }
(𝑠 − 3)2 + 42
3(𝑠 − 3) + 5 + 9 3(𝑠 − 3) 14
𝐹(𝑡) = ℒ −1 { } = ℒ −1 { + }
(𝑠 − 3)2 + 42 (𝑠 − 3)2 + 42 (𝑠 − 3)2 + 42
sen 4𝑡 7
𝐹(𝑡) = 3𝑒 3𝑡 ⋅ cos 4𝑡 + 14 ⋅ 𝑒 3𝑡 ⋅ = 3𝑒 3𝑡 ⋅ cos 4𝑡 + ⋅ 𝑒 3𝑡 ⋅ 𝑠𝑒𝑛4𝑡
4 2
7
𝐹(𝑡) = 𝑒 3𝑡 (3 cos 4𝑡 + sen 4𝑡)
2