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    ICRC Annual Report 2005

    Transféré par

    International Committee of the Red Cross
    The 2005 Annual Report of the International Committee of the Red Cross: the ICRC’s field operations out of nearly 80 delegations worldwide; its mandate to protect the lives and dignity of victims of war and its work to promote respect for international humanitarian law. The ICRC's Annual Report 2005 describes the shocking impact of armed conflict on populations across the world and the organization's efforts to alleviate suffering. During the year, the ICRC provided food for a million people and emergency supplies such as tents and blankets for 3 million people; its water, sanitation and construction projects catered for the needs of around 11 million people; almost 2.4 million benefited from ICRC supported health care facilities; delegates visited 528,000 people deprived of their freedom in 2,600 places of detention in 76 countries and, working with National Red Cross or Red Crescent Societies, exchanged almost a million messages between family members separated by hostilities and other crises. The Annual Report provides an in-depth account of the ICRC's operations in 2005, broken down by country. There is a section covering activities carried out at the Geneva headquarters and another includes operational statistics and a statement of accounts. The report includes an up-to-date list of countries party to the Geneva Conventions and their Additional Protocols. http://www.icrc.org/Web/Eng/siteeng0.nsf/htmlall/section_annual_report_2005?OpenDocument

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    ICRC Annual Report 2005

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    International Committee of the Red Cross
    544 vues412 pages
    The 2005 Annual Report of the International Committee of the Red Cross: the ICRC’s field operations out of nearly 80 delegations worldwide; its mandate to protect the lives and dignity of victims of war and its work to promote respect for international humanitarian law. The ICRC's Annual Report 2005 describes the shocking impact of armed conflict on populations across the world and the organization's efforts to alleviate suffering. During the year, the ICRC provided food for a million people and emergency supplies such as tents and blankets for 3 million people; its water, sanitation and construction projects catered for the needs of around 11 million people; almost 2.4 million benefited from ICRC supported health care facilities; delegates visited 528,000 people deprived of their freedom in 2,600 places of detention in 76 countries and, working with National Red Cross or Red Crescent Societies, exchanged almost a million messages between family members separated by hostilities and other crises. The Annual Report provides an in-depth account of the ICRC's operations in 2005, broken down by country. There is a section covering activities carried out at the Geneva headquarters and another includes operational statistics and a statement of accounts. The report includes an up-to-date list of countries party to the Geneva Conventions and their Additional Protocols. http://www.icrc.org/Web/Eng/siteeng0.nsf/htmlall/section_annual_report_2005?OpenDocument

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    The 2005 Annual Report of the International Committee of the Red Cross: the ICRC’s field operations out of nearly 80 delegations worldwide; its mandate to protect the lives and dignity of victims of war and its work to promote respect for international humanitarian law. The ICRC's Annual Report 2005 describes the shocking impact of armed conflict on populations across the world and the organization's efforts to alleviate suffering. During the year, the ICRC provided food for a million people and emergency supplies such as tents and blankets for 3 million people; its water, sanitation and construction projects catered for the needs of around 11 million people; almost 2.4 million benefited from ICRC supported health care facilities; delegates visited 528,000 people deprived of their freedom in 2,600 places of detention in 76 countries and, working with National Red Cross or Red Crescent Societies, exchanged almost a million messages between family members separated by hostilities and other crises. The Annual Report provides an in-depth account of the ICRC's operations in 2005, broken down by country. There is a section covering activities carried out at the Geneva headquarters and another includes operational statistics and a statement of accounts. The report includes an up-to-date list of countries party to the Geneva Conventions and their Additional Protocols. http://www.icrc.org/Web/Eng/siteeng0.nsf/htmlall/section_annual_report_2005?OpenDocument

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    544 vues412 pages

    ICRC Annual Report 2005

    Transféré par

    International Committee of the Red Cross
    The 2005 Annual Report of the International Committee of the Red Cross: the ICRC’s field operations out of nearly 80 delegations worldwide; its mandate to protect the lives and dignity of victims of war and its work to promote respect for international humanitarian law. The ICRC's Annual Report 2005 describes the shocking impact of armed conflict on populations across the world and the organization's efforts to alleviate suffering. During the year, the ICRC provided food for a million people and emergency supplies such as tents and blankets for 3 million people; its water, sanitation and construction projects catered for the needs of around 11 million people; almost 2.4 million benefited from ICRC supported health care facilities; delegates visited 528,000 people deprived of their freedom in 2,600 places of detention in 76 countries and, working with National Red Cross or Red Crescent Societies, exchanged almost a million messages between family members separated by hostilities and other crises. The Annual Report provides an in-depth account of the ICRC's operations in 2005, broken down by country. There is a section covering activities carried out at the Geneva headquarters and another includes operational statistics and a statement of accounts. The report includes an up-to-date list of countries party to the Geneva Conventions and their Additional Protocols. http://www.icrc.org/Web/Eng/siteeng0.nsf/htmlall/section_annual_report_2005?OpenDocument

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    0879/002 05.

    2006 2,700

    ANNUAL REPORT 2005


    ANNUAL REPORT 2005
    MISSION
    This report is primarily an account of the ICRC’s work in the field
    and its activities to promote international humanitarian law. The International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC)
    Mention is made of some of the negotiations entered into with a is an impartial, neutral and independent organization
    view to bringing protection and assistance to the victims of inter- whose exclusively humanitarian mission is to protect the
    national and civil wars and internal disturbances and tension. lives and dignity of victims of war and internal violence
    Other negotiations are not mentioned, since the ICRC feels that and to provide them with assistance. It directs and
    any publicity would not be in the interests of the victims. Thus, coordinates the international relief activities conducted by
    this report cannot be regarded as covering all the institution’s the Movement in situations of conflict. It also endeavours
    efforts worldwide to come to the aid of the victims of conflict. to prevent suffering by promoting and strengthening
    humanitarian law and universal humanitarian principles.
    Moreover, the length of the text devoted to a given country or Established in 1863, the ICRC is at the origin of the
    situation is not necessarily proportional to the magnitude of the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement.
    problems observed and tackled by the institution. Indeed, there
    are cases which are a source of grave humanitarian concern but on
    which the ICRC is not in a position to report because it has been
    denied permission to take action. By the same token, the description
    of operations in which the ICRC has great freedom of action takes up
    considerable space, regardless of the scale of the problems involved.

    The maps in this report are for illustrative purposes only and do
    not express an opinion on the part of the ICRC.

    All figures in this report are in Swiss francs (CHF). In 2005, the
    average exchange rate was CHF 1.2374 to USD 1, and CHF 1.5475
    to EUR 1.
    ANNUAL REPORT 2005

    International Committee of the Red Cross


    External Resources Division
    19, Avenue de la Paix
    CH-1202 Geneva, Switzerland
    T +41 22 734 60 01 F +41 22 733 20 57
    E-mail: [email protected] www.icrc.org

    © ICRC, May 2006


    contents
    Abbreviations and definitions · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 4 Human resources · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 35
    Meeting future challenges · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 35
    Message from the President · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 8 Broadening the recruitment base · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 35
    Staff diversity · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 35
    HEADQUARTERS · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 11 Training · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 36

    ICRC governing and controlling bodies · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 12 Resources and operational support · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 37


    Meetings and decisions of the governing bodies · · · · · · · · · · · · 12 Department of resources and operational support · · · · · · · · · · 37
    Missions · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 12 Finance and administration · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 37
    Funding · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 37
    Directorate · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 14 Information systems · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 40
    Logistics · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 40
    Office of the director-general · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 15
    Performance management – planning, monitoring OPERATIONS · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 43
    and evaluation · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 15
    Relations with the corporate sector · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 15 The ICRC around the world · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 44
    Gender equality · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 16
    Operational highlights · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 46
    Operations · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 17
    Department of operations · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 17 ICRC operations in 2005: a few facts and figures · · · · · · · · 49
    Protection and Central Tracing Agency · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 17
    Assistance · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 19 AFRICA · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 53
    Relations with international organizations · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 21 Introduction · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 54

    International law and cooperation Delegations


    within the Movement · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 23 Angola · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 57
    Towards a comprehensive solution to the emblem issue: Burundi · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 61
    adoption of Additional Protocol III · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 23 Chad · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 65
    Policy and cooperation within the Movement · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 23 Congo, Democratic Republic of · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·69
    Movement action · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 24 Congo · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 74
    Movement principles and rules · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 24 Eritrea · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 79
    Movement policy · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 24 Ethiopia · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 83
    International humanitarian law · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 25 African Union · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 88
    Promoting the universality of IHL instruments Guinea · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 91
    and their national implementation · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 25 Liberia · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 96
    Reaffirming, clarifying and developing IHL · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 27 Rwanda · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 101
    Archives · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 28 Sierra Leone · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 105
    Somalia · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 110
    Communication · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 29 Sudan · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 115
    Armed, security and police forces, and other bearers Uganda · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 120
    of weapons · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 29
    Relations with the media · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 30 Regional delegations
    Decision-makers and opinion-formers · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 31 Abidjan · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 125
    Preventive mine-action operations · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 32 Abuja · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 130
    Communication research, methodology and field support · · · 33 Dakar · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 133
    National Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies · · · · · · · · · · · · · 33 Harare · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 137
    Library and research service · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 34 Nairobi · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 141
    Production, web and marketing · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 34 Pretoria · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 146
    Multilingual communication · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 34 Yaoundé · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 150

    2
    ICRC ANNUAL REPORT 2005

    ASIA AND THE PACIFIC · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 155 MAIN FIGURES AND INDICATORS · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 339
    Introduction · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 156 Protection figures and indicators · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 340
    Protection figures and indicators – explanations · · · · · · · · · · · 342
    Delegations Assistance figures and indicators · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 344
    Afghanistan · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 158 Assistance figures and indicators – explanations · · · · · · · · · · · 347
    Indonesia · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 163
    Myanmar · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 168 FINANCE · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 351
    Nepal · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 173
    Pakistan · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 177 The financial year 2005 · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 352
    Philippines · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 181
    Sri Lanka · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 185 Consolidated financial statements of the ICRC 2005 · · · 353
    1. Consolidated balance sheet as at 31 December 2005 · · · 354
    Regional delegations 2. Consolidated statement of income and expenditure · · · 355
    Bangkok · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 190 3. Consolidated cash flow statement · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 356
    Beijing · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 194 4. Consolidated statement of changes in reserves · · · · · · · · 357
    Kuala Lumpur · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 197 5. Notes to the consolidated financial statements · · · · · · · · 358
    New Dehli · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 200 5.1 Activities · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 358
    Suva · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 204 5.2 Significant accounting policies · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 358
    Tashkent · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 208 5.3 Notes to the consolidated financial statements · · · · · · · · 362
    KPMG letter · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 371
    EUROPE AND THE AMERICAS · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 213 6.1. Income and expenditure related to the 2005
    Introduction · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 214 emergency and headquarters appeals · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 372
    6.2. Income and expenditure by delegation related
    Delegations to the 2005 emergency appeals · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 374
    Armenia · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 216 7. Contributions in 2005 · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 378
    Azerbaijan · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 220 7.0 Summary of all contributions · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 378
    Bosnia and Herzegovina · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 225 7.1 Governments · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 378
    Georgia · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 229 7.2 European Commission · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 380
    Serbia and Montenegro · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 234 7.3 International organizations · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 380
    7.4 Supranational organizations · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 380
    Regional delegations 7.5 National Societies · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 380
    Budapest · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 238 7.6 Public sources · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 382
    Kyiv · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 241 7.7 Private sources · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 383
    Moscow · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 244 8. Contributions in kind, in services and to delegated
    Skopje · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 249 projects 2005 · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 384
    9. Assistance supplies · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·386
    Ankara · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 252 9.1 Contributions in kind received and purchases
    Brussels · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 254 made by the ICRC in 2005 · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 387
    International Tracing Service · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 257 9.2 Assistance supplies dispatched by the ICRC in 2005 · · · 388
    London · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 259 9.3 Assistance supplies distributed by the ICRC in 2005 · · · 390
    Paris · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 261 10. Special funds · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 392
    10.1 Foundation for the International Committee
    Delegations of the Red Cross · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 392
    Colombia · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 263 10.2 Augusta Fund · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 394
    Haiti · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 268 10.3 Florence Nightingale Medal Fund · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 395
    10.4 Clare Benedict Fund · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 396
    Regional delegations 10.5 Maurice de Madre French Fund · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 397
    Buenos Aires · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 272 10.6 Omar el Muktar Fund · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 398
    Caracas · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 275 10.7 Paul Reuter Fund · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 399
    Lima · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 278 10.8 ICRC Special Fund for the Disabled · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 400
    Mexico City · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 282 11. Comparative balance sheet and statement of income
    Washington · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 286 and expenditure for the last five years · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 403

    New York · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 289 ANNEX · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 405

    MIDDLE EAST AND NORTH AFRICA · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 293 Organizational chart · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 406


    Introduction · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 294
    ICRC decision-making structures · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 407
    Delegations
    Algeria · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 296 International advisers · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 409
    Egypt · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 299
    Iran · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 303 The ICRC and the International Red Cross and
    Iraq · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 306 Red Crescent Movement · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 410
    Israel, the Occupied Territories
    and the Autonomous Palestinian Territories · · · · · · · · · · 311 Legal bases · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 411
    Jordan · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 316
    Lebanon · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 320 States party to the Geneva Conventions and
    Syria · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 323 their Additional Protocols · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 412
    Yemen · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 326

    Regional delegations
    Kuwait · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 330
    Tunis · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 334

    3
    abbreviations
    definitions
    and
    A Additional Protocol I Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949,
    and Relating to the Protection of Victims of International Armed Conflicts
    (Protocol I), 8 June 1977

    Additional Protocol II Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949,


    and Relating to the Protection of Victims of Non-International Armed Conflicts
    (Protocol II), 8 June 1977

    Additional Protocol III Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949,
    and Relating to the Adoption of an Additional Distinctive Emblem (Protocol III),
    8 December 2005

    1977 Additional Protocols Additional Protocols I and II

    AIDS acquired immune deficiency syndrome

    C CHF Swiss francs

    Convention on Certain Convention on Prohibitions or Restrictions on the Use of Certain


    Conventional Weapons Conventional Weapons Which May be Deemed to be Excessively Injurious
    or to Have Indiscriminate Effects, 10 October 1980

    F Fundamental Principles Fundamental Principles of the International Red Cross and Red Crescent
    Movement: humanity, impartiality, neutrality, independence, voluntary service,
    unity, universality

    G 1949 Geneva Conventions Convention (I) for the Amelioration of the Condition of the Wounded
    and Sick in Armed Forces in the Field, 12 August 1949

    Convention (II) for the Amelioration of the Condition of Wounded, Sick


    and Shipwrecked Members of Armed Forces at Sea, 12 August 1949

    Convention (III) relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War, 12 August 1949

    Convention (IV) relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War,


    12 August 1949

    4
    ICRC ANNUAL REPORT 2005

    H Hague Convention Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed
    on Cultural Property Conflict, 14 May 1954

    HF high frequency

    HIV human immunodeficiency virus

    I ICRC International Committee of the Red Cross, founded in 1863

    IDPs internally displaced people

    International Federation The International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies,
    founded in 1919, works on the basis of the Fundamental Principles, carrying
    out relief operations in aid of the victims of natural disasters and health
    emergencies, poverty brought about by socio-economic crises, and refugees;
    it combines this with development work to strengthen the capacities of its
    member National Societies.

    IHL international humanitarian law

    IOM International Organization for Migration

    M Movement The International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement comprises the ICRC,
    the International Federation and the National Red Cross and Red Crescent
    Societies. These are all independent bodies. Each has its own status and exercises
    no authority over the others.

    N National Society The National Red Cross or Red Crescent Societies embody the Movement’s work
    and Fundamental Principles in about 180 countries. They act as auxiliaries to the
    public authorities of their own countries in the humanitarian field and provide
    a range of services, including disaster relief and health and social programmes.
    In times of conflict, National Societies assist the affected civilian population and,
    where appropriate, support the army medical services.

    NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organization

    NGO non-governmental organization

    5
    ABBREVIATIONS AND DEFINITIONS

    O Ottawa Convention Convention on the Prohibition of the Use, Stockpiling, Production and
    Transfer of Anti-personnel Mines and on their Destruction, 18 September 1997

    Optional Protocol Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on
    to the Convention on the the involvement of children in armed conflict, 25 May 2000
    Rights of the Child

    P POWs prisoners of war

    R RCMs Red Cross messages

    Rome Statute Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, 17 July 1998

    S “Safer Access” approach An approach developed by the ICRC to help National Societies better
    their response to the needs of conflict victims while enhancing the safety
    of their workers.

    San Remo The International Institute of Humanitarian Law, in San Remo, Italy,
    is a non-governmental organization set up in 1970 to spread knowledge and
    promote the development of IHL. It specializes in organizing courses on IHL
    for military personnel from around the world.

    Seville Agreement The Seville Agreement of 1997 provides a framework for effective cooperation
    and partnership between the members of the International Red Cross and
    Red Crescent Movement.

    Study on customary A 5,000-page text that is the outcome of eight years of research by ICRC legal
    international staff and other experts who reviewed State practice in 47 countries and consulted
    humanitarian law international sources such as the United Nations and international tribunals.

    6
    ICRC ANNUAL REPORT 2005

    U UN United Nations

    UNDP United Nations Development Programme

    UNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization

    UNHCHR Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights

    UNHCR Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees

    UNICEF United Nations Children’s Fund

    V VHF very high frequency

    W WFP World Food Programme

    WHO World Health Organization

    7
    message from the president
    In 2005, the trends that I outlined in the ICRC’s 2005 Headquarters Appeal held up throughout the year. Numerous
    conflicts and other situations of violence again inflicted a heavy toll, in particular on civilians, and local causes continued
    to interplay with more general factors. It remained as great a challenge as ever for the ICRC to discharge its mandate to
    provide protection and assistance to the victims.

    As in previous years, the ICRC was present in conflict areas across the globe. Its 80 delegations and more than 150 sub-
    delegations and offices were staffed by more than 11,000 employees, backed up by around 800 headquarters employees. This
    widespread presence enabled the organization to establish or maintain direct contact with most of the parties involved in
    hostilities and to reach the victims, although in some contexts access was hindered by security considerations. In June, the
    ICRC finalized the review of its field security guidelines. While every effort was made to safeguard staff security, two ICRC
    employees were killed in 2005, one in Haiti and one in Iraq.

    In 2005, the ICRC visited 528,000 people deprived of their freedom in 2,600 places of detention in 76 countries. Working
    with National Societies, it exchanged 959,000 Red Cross messages between family members separated by hostilities. It
    submitted countless representations relating to violations of IHL and discussed them with the authorities, civilian or military,
    governmental or rebel. An estimated 2,365,000 people benefited from ICRC-supported health-care facilities, 76,800 surgical
    interventions were performed in ICRC-supported hospitals and 138,000 disabled individuals received care at ICRC-supported
    physical rehabilitation centres. The ICRC distributed food to more than 1 million people and emergency supplies such as
    tents, blankets, soap or cooking sets to close to 3 million individuals, while ICRC water, sanitation and construction work
    catered for the needs of more than 11 million people. At all times, the ICRC was particularly attentive to the specific needs
    and vulnerability of women and children.

    2005 will be remembered by all as a year of major natural disasters in various parts of the world. The impact of the Asian tsunami
    affected almost a dozen countries. Niger suffered from drought while hurricanes repeatedly struck the Caribbean Islands,
    Central America and the Gulf coast of the United States. An earthquake devastated the Kashmir region, whose inhabitants had
    already suffered from conflicts and outbursts of violence for several decades. When such disasters occur, providing an effec-
    tive response in the following hours and days is crucial for the survival of the population. The ICRC deployed its operations
    rapidly, in particular in sensitive areas affected by conflicts where it was already present. Following the South Asian earth-
    quake, and working in close cooperation with the Pakistani authorities, the Pakistan Red Crescent Society, the International
    Federation and other National Societies, the ICRC mounted a large-scale operation focused on the district of Muzaffarabad.
    In order to respond as effectively and promptly as possible to the urgent needs of the earthquake victims, it mobilized its
    largest ever helicopter operation and by the end of 2005 had provided some 212,000 people with food, shelter materials and
    essential household items, 160,000 of them more than once. Total assistance amounted to 5,541 tonnes of goods distributed in
    29 remote areas of the hard-to-reach Neelum and Jhelum valleys. In addition, 18,000 people had been treated at the ICRC’s
    Muzaffarabad field hospital and at ICRC/National Society emergency-response units dispensing basic health care.

    On all five continents, armed conflicts, almost all of them non-international in character, inflicted a heavy toll on civilians in
    the form of killings, injuries, displacement, rape and sexual harassment, forced labour and recruitment, detention, and the
    destruction of property and means of survival. The collapse of State structures and basic services such as health, water and
    education added to the suffering. The positive developments in some former conflict areas were offset by deepening concern
    in others, primarily in Darfur in Western Sudan, Somalia, Northern Uganda and Iraq. Overcoming severe security con-
    straints remained a major challenge in Iraq, where the ICRC concentrated on visiting detainees and started organizing family
    visits for them. Sudan, and in particular Darfur, was the ICRC’s largest operation worldwide for the second consecutive year.
    The organization delivered an average 2,700 tonnes of food each month to 150,000 people in Darfur, a third of them inter-
    nally displaced persons (IDPs). The bulk of the food aid was directed to vulnerable residents in remote rural areas in an
    attempt to avoid yet more people being displaced to overcrowded IDP camps. ICRC engineers supplied water to seven IDP
    camps and in urban areas, and repaired water-supply networks in four towns. The ICRC also upgraded and provided
    medical supplies and staff to four hospitals and 12 primary health-care clinics. Other new activities launched in 2005 included
    the deployment of a field surgical team that performed 370 operations, mainly on wounded people unable to reach medical
    structures, the vaccination of half a million camels and cattle and the distribution of agricultural kits to 153,000 people.

    Attention focused in 2005 on the plight of IDPs, in aid of whom the ICRC carried out activities in more than 35 contexts
    worldwide, in many instances in cooperation with National Societies. The three biggest such operations were in Darfur,
    Uganda and Somalia. For instance, the ICRC provided various forms of assistance to around 350,000 IDPs in Somalia and

    8
    to over 580,000 in Northern Uganda. It sought to strike a balance between situations where IDPs were best assisted and pro-
    tected through specific interventions, and others where its aid was part of more general efforts aimed at broader segments of
    the population. Whenever possible, the ICRC tried to prevent population displacements by assisting vulnerable resident
    groups and working to improve their protection. The main considerations underpinning ICRC programmes were to promote
    the self-reliance of affected communities, to ensure that existing coping mechanisms were preserved in order to avoid wider
    disparities between the various segments of the population, and to facilitate the IDPs’ return home whenever possible.

    In all crisis situations, coordination among humanitarian organizations and donor agencies is a responsibility each of us bears
    towards both the victims and the public, the aim being to respond as effectively as possible in the interest of the victims. The
    ICRC, convinced of the necessity and added value of its neutral and independent approach, remains committed to reality-
    based and action-oriented coordination both at headquarters and in the field, within the Movement, with United Nations
    agencies and with NGOs. By reality-based and action-oriented coordination, the ICRC understands that the work should
    be shared out according to each organization’s skills and capacities, notably its ability to perform effectively and thereby
    ensure that all needs are met.

    In March 2005, the ICRC published the study on customary international humanitarian law (IHL) on which experts had been
    working, under its auspices, since 1995. The study’s main findings are that many customary rules are identical or similar
    to those found in 1977 Additional Protocol I and that a substantial number are also applicable to non-international
    armed conflicts. As almost all conflicts waged in 2005 were non-international in character, these findings are very important.
    Indeed, if respected and properly applied, IHL protects civilians, wounded combatants and all those caught up in the
    maelstrom of violence. The ICRC has organized launch events to disseminate and discuss the study’s findings, which it
    will use in its day-to-day dialogue with and representations to the States and non-State actors involved in hostilities.

    Ensuring that the protagonists in today’s conflicts behave in a manner that is consistent with IHL, particularly in non-
    international armed conflicts, remains one of the most daunting challenges. For this reason, the organization has continued
    to work on measures aimed at enhancing compliance. In support of this process, the efforts of all States party to the
    1949 Geneva Conventions to ensure respect for IHL are as vital as ever. In 2005, the ICRC reviewed its policy regarding its
    action in the event of violations of IHL or of other fundamental rules protecting persons in situations of violence. The
    revised policy confirms that the ICRC’s preferred mode of action will remain that of making representations within the
    framework of a bilateral confidential dialogue with the authorities responsible for the violation. It also outlines the
    subsidiary measures that the ICRC reserves the right to take whenever bilateral confidential dialogue proves unsuccessful.

    The end of the year saw the adoption by the States party to the 1949 Geneva Conventions of Additional Protocol III estab-
    lishing the red crystal as an additional emblem that States and National Societies may use. Devoid of any political, national
    or religious connotations whatsoever, the red crystal will first and foremost enable the Movement to become truly universal.
    The ICRC had spared no effort to attain this goal; it remains committed to bringing the process to completion, with the
    support of all States and National Societies, in June 2006 when the 29th International Red Cross and Red Crescent
    Conference is to amend the Movement’s Statutes.

    Finally, the ICRC appointed a new vice-president, Mr Olivier Vodoz, to replace Mrs Anne Petitpierre as of 1 January 2006,
    and decided to renew Mr Angelo Gnaedinger’s tenure as director-general for the years 2006 to 2010.

    Jakob Kellenberger
    President

    9
    HEADQUARTERS
    ICRC
    governing
    and
    controlling
    bodies
    The governing bodies of the ICRC, comprising the Assembly, the needs of the people affected by an armed conflict or situation of
    Assembly Council and the Presidency, have overall responsibility violence and the parameters of such contexts.
    for institutional policy, strategy and decisions related to the devel-
    opment of international humanitarian law. These bodies oversee all The Assembly recognized two new National Societies: the Red
    the activities of the organization, including field and headquarters Crescent Society of the Comoros (September) and the Red Cross
    operations and the approval of objectives and budgets. They also Society of Timor-Leste (November), thus bringing to 183 the
    monitor implementation by the Directorate of Assembly or Assembly number of National Society members of the Movement. It also
    Council decisions and are assisted in this task by a Control Commission warmly welcomed the decision of the Diplomatic Conference
    and the internal and external auditors. held in Geneva, Switzerland in December to adopt Additional
    Protocol III introducing the red crystal emblem alongside existing
    ones. This positive result will pave the way for the Movement to
    MEETINGS AND DECISIONS become truly universal, thus resolving a longstanding question.
    OF THE GOVERNING BODIES
    Members of the International Committee hold regular meetings
    The Assembly and the Assembly Council were regularly informed with leaders of National Societies on the International Federation’s
    by the president and the director-general about the conduct of Governing Board. At the 2005 meeting, organized by the ICRC on
    operations, questions relating to IHL, humanitarian diplomacy, 29 April, discussions centred on the Movement’s contribution to
    cooperation within the Movement and with other humanitarian respect for diversity, the fight against discrimination and the role
    practitioners, external communications, and administration and of National Societies as auxiliaries to the public authorities. These
    finance. The Assembly and the Assembly Council held six and meetings contributed to the preparations for the Council of
    12 meetings respectively in 2005. Delegates, the biennial meeting of the Movement’s components,
    which took place in Seoul in November. Mr J. Kellenberger,
    In accordance with its statutory mandate and pursuant to the Mr J. Forster and Mr Y. Sandoz attended this Council, which
    advice of its Control Commission, the Assembly reviewed and was chaired by the ICRC president.
    approved the financial accounts (April) and the Directorate’s
    proposals for the 2006 objectives and budgets (November). It
    updated ICRC policy on two important issues, adopting a new MISSIONS
    concept for the security of field staff and adapting the doctrine on
    ICRC action in the event of violations of IHL or of other funda- Mr J. Kellenberger, president of the ICRC, conducted various mis-
    mental rules protecting persons in situations of violence; the sions for bilateral discussions with governments and to visit ICRC
    latter was subsequently published in the International Review of operations in the field. These missions included Washington
    the Red Cross, Vol. 87, Number 858 (June 2005). (February and May), Jakarta and Banda Aceh (February),
    Luxembourg (March), Stockholm (April), Brussels (NATO, the
    The Assembly, jointly with the Directorate, analyzed the perti- European Commission and its Political and Security Commission
    nence of maintaining a conceptual distinction between country (COPS)/April, June, November), Riyadh (May), New York
    and regional delegations. It concluded that this was no longer (UN/May), London (May), Strasbourg (European Committee
    justifiable since all delegations are called upon to carry out the full against Torture/May), Kampala (June), Madrid (July), Beijing
    spectrum of activities within the ICRC mandate, from emergency (July), Islamabad and Muzafarrabad (November) and Vienna
    relief and protection of persons deprived of their freedom to the (November).
    promotion and implementation of IHL. The range and intensity
    of an ICRC delegation’s activities is determined solely by the

    12
    ICRC ANNUAL REPORT 2005

    Mr Kellenberger also delivered speeches at various international Other members of the International Committee also conducted
    meetings: the 61st session of the UN Commission on Human Rights missions to represent the ICRC or to deliver speeches at interna-
    (Geneva/March), the Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council (Brussels/ tional or academic meetings:
    April), the 3rd Conference of European Jurists (Geneva/September), Mr J. Abt travelled to Japan (March);
    the Alpbacher Health Symposium (Austria/September), the San Mr P. Bernasconi travelled to Jakarta, Banda Aceh and Seoul
    Remo Round Table (September), and the Diplomatic Conference (November);
    on the adoption of Additional Protocol III (Geneva/December). Mr J. de Courten went to Guernsey for the 60th anniversary
    of the island’s liberation (May);
    Permanent Vice-President J. Forster went to Vientiane and Bangkok Mr J. Moreillon was in Santander (May) and Madrid
    (April), Israel and the occupied and autonomous territories (May and November);
    (May), Oslo (June), Ashgabat (June), New York (addressing the Ms G. Nanchen travelled to New York (49th session of the
    Economic and Social Council in July and the Security Council Commission on Women, March);
    in December) and Zagreb, where he delivered a speech to the Mr Y. Sandoz and Mr D. Thürer addressed the 6th Bruges
    6th Meeting of States Parties to the Ottawa Convention in Colloquium (October);
    November. Mr J. Abt and Mr J. Moreillon both attended the San Remo
    Round Table (September).
    Mrs A. Petitpierre, Vice-President, delivered ICRC messages in
    Nairobi (Commonwealth IHL conference/July) and New York
    (UN General Assembly/November).

    13
    directorate
    The Directorate is the executive body of the ICRC. Its members are Major policy and management matters dealt with by the Directorate
    the director-general and the heads of the ICRC’s five departments: in 2005 within the framework of these objectives included:
    Operations, International Law and Cooperation within the Movement, the development and promotion of the ICRC’s approach
    Communication, Human Resources, and Resources and Operational to coordination with other humanitarian practitioners and
    Support. The Directorate is responsible for defining and implement- within the Movement;
    ing the ICRC’s general objectives and applying institutional strategy, the publication and promotion of the study on customary
    as defined by the Assembly or the Assembly Council. The Directorate international humanitarian law;
    also ensures that the organization, particularly its administrative the process leading to the adoption of Additional Protocol III
    structure, runs smoothly and efficiently. by the States Parties to the Geneva Conventions;
    the adoption and implementation of revised internal security
    The members of the Directorate are appointed by the Assembly guidelines;
    for four-year terms. The current Directorate took up its duties on a review of the ICRC’s protection and preventive-action
    1 July 2002. policies;
    the implementation of the ICRC assistance policy adopted
    The environment in which the ICRC operates is increasingly in 2004;
    complex, and it remains a major challenge for the organization to the implementation of enhanced procedures for human
    maintain its position as the benchmark organization for neutral resources management;
    and independent humanitarian action. an in-depth analysis of the services provided by ICRC
    headquarters;
    The implementation of the Programme of the Directorate for the adoption of an IT strategy and the restructuring of
    2003–2006 entered its final phase in 2005, the penultimate year internal IT services;
    of the current Directorate’s term of office. An interim progress the establishment of the ICRC Corporate Support Group
    report was compiled by the Office of the Director-General and initially comprising seven major Swiss companies.
    submitted to the Assembly in April 2005.

    The ICRC’s four strategic objectives, outlined in the Programme


    of the Directorate for 2003–2006, continue to be:
    to stand resolutely by the victims of armed conflict, in an
    attitude of respect and empathy for their plight;
    to seek a comprehensive understanding of conflicts so as to be
    able to take the most appropriate operational decisions;
    to affirm the ICRC’s identity through dialogue with the many
    organizations currently operating in the humanitarian sphere;
    to combine consistency, predictability and reliability with
    the ability to innovate and devise creative responses to new
    problems and events.

    14
    office of the
    director-
    decisions are implemented. He reports to the Presidency and thegeneral
    The director-general chairs the Directorate and ensures that its

    Assembly on the Directorate’s objectives, decisions and activities, and


    geographic location. The methodology has evolved over the years
    to adapt to new emerging issues and actual field practice.

    on the results achieved. The Office of the Director-General directly Monitoring and reporting on results
    supervises the unit responsible for the planning, monitoring and The introduction of a new internal reporting framework in 2005
    evaluation of ICRC activities; it also oversees efforts to promote ensured a more efficient response to the needs of internal and
    gender equality and a number of key strategic projects. external users. The new reporting format for assistance pro-
    grammes enhanced the coherence and reliability of figures relating
    to programme performance.
    PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT – PLANNING,
    MONITORING AND EVALUATION Evaluating results
    In accordance with its work plan, and under the direct supervi-
    In its endeavour to improve its humanitarian services for persons sion of the Planning, Monitoring and Evaluation Unit, the ICRC
    adversely affected by armed conflict, the ICRC continues to apply completed independent evaluations in 2005 of its cooperation
    the performance management methodology, which facilitates programmes with the Sri Lanka Red Cross Society and its per-
    management decisions, enhances lessons learnt and documents formance management status.
    performance accountability.
    In addition, the ICRC pursued its evaluation of programmes
    Performance management centres on the key functions of planning, related to the missing and their families in the Balkans, and
    monitoring and evaluation, which enable the ICRC to: launched an evaluation of economic security programmes in
    establish general and specific performance objectives and Ethiopia.
    targets;
    link objectives to budgeting and accounting; An institutional strategy for independent evaluations was drafted
    monitor performance; and submitted to the Directorate for approval.
    carry out independent evaluations and reviews in order to
    boost operational performance, knowledge management
    and the process of learning from experience. RELATIONS WITH THE CORPORATE SECTOR

    In 2005, the ICRC remained a full member of the Active Learning In 1999, the ICRC adopted a comprehensive strategy aimed at
    Network on Accountability and Performance (ALNAP) and developing its relations with the business community. Implemen-
    continued to work with donors and NGOs on issues related to tation of the strategy was entrusted to a small coordination team
    accountability and performance management for humanitarian within the Office of the Director-General in May 2000.
    activities.
    In 2005 the ICRC focused on three priorities. First, it established
    Planning for Results an innovative partnership with the private sector. Second, it
    Planning for Results (PfR), the annual planning methodology first continued to promote IHL in its relations with multinational
    introduced in 1999, remained central to the ICRC’s performance companies operating in conflict-prone areas. Third, the private-
    management in 2005. PfR was designed to identify explicit results- sector coordination team worked to ensure its various responsi-
    oriented objectives for ICRC operations formulated in terms of bilities were mainstreamed into the relevant departments at
    three parameters: target population, programme capacity and headquarters and into the field delegations.

    15
    OFFICE OF THE DIRECTOR-GENERAL

    On 7 October 2005, the ICRC officially launched its Corporate GENDER EQUALITY
    Support Group, an innovative partnership with seven Swiss-based
    companies: ABB Ltd, Lombard Odier Darier Hentsch & Cie, Roche, In 2005, the Directorate laid emphasis on promoting women to
    Swiss Re, Vontobel Group, Fondation Hans Wilsdorf and Zurich the position of head of field delegation, key posts in which women
    Financial Services. These firms have pledged to make substantial had been underrepresented in the organization’s structure. The
    donations to the ICRC over the coming six years, in particular to Human Resources Department focused on identifying female
    support training for ICRC field delegates and emergency aid candidates for these positions and a number of appointments
    operations. The ICRC and its partner companies have further followed.
    committed themselves to sharing their respective knowledge and
    expertise regarding activities such as risk assessment, information The redefined position of gender equality adviser to the Directorate
    and communication technologies, human resource training and was filled in autumn 2005. After reconfirming the validity of
    management and staff health policy. the ICRC’s 2001 Equal Opportunities Plan of Action, the new
    adviser spent the final three months of the year reviewing the
    In 2005, the ICRC continued to lend its support to initiatives by plan in order to strengthen coherence between those parts of it
    governments and international organizations relating to the role already implemented and others still pending. The plan comprises
    of business in conflict. It provided input on IHL to the United 16 measures addressing issues such as information and training,
    Nations, the OECD Investment Committee and the World Bank compatibility between private life and career and the promotion
    International Finance Corporation. of female staff.

    Together with the International Federation, the ICRC ensured


    the adoption by the Council of Delegates of a set of guidelines
    on relations between private companies and the Movement’s
    components, thus establishing a suitable framework for future
    partnerships governed by clear ethical rules.

    16
    operations
    The Department of Operations is responsible for the overall super- protecting persons deprived of their freedom, particularly
    vision of ICRC field activities worldwide. It supervises the drawing up those detained in relation with armed conflicts or other
    of operational policies and guidelines, oversees the global analysis of situations of violence;
    key trends and events, and coordinates the conception, planning and re-establishing links between members of families who are
    budgeting of field activities carried out by ICRC delegations and separated from each other and unable to establish contact
    missions in some 80 countries. It ensures that field activities are by themselves, with priority given to children separated from
    conducted coherently and professionally, in line with the ICRC’s their parents;
    principles and policies, its code of ethics and staff security. It also clarifying the fate of people missing in relation to armed
    ensures that adequate resources are allocated, in accordance with conflicts or other situations of violence.
    ICRC priorities, humanitarian needs as they arise and the budgetary
    framework. The ICRC engages in various types of activities in these domains,
    constantly adapting them to changes in protection needs and
    contexts. Protection activities include those aimed at:
    DEPARTMENT OF OPERATIONS persuading and encouraging the authorities to fulfil their
    obligations, therefore preventing or alleviating the suffering
    The Department of Operations is divided into four large geo- of people affected by armed conflicts or other situations
    graphical zones (themselves divided into regions), two operational of violence;
    divisions (Assistance, and Central Tracing Agency and Protection) reinforcing the authorities’ capability to fulfil their obligations;
    and two smaller units (Humanitarian Diplomacy, and Security and mobilizing other players able to assist the authorities;
    Stress). Headquarters staff with specialized knowledge and skills in exceptional cases, publicly raising concern and awareness.
    second the heads of the various regions and field delegations.
    The basic principles of ICRC protection activities are to work as
    closely as possible with people affected by conflict or violence, and
    PROTECTION AND CENTRAL TRACING AGENCY to engage in constructive, confidential dialogue with all the
    authorities concerned and other stakeholders who can help pre-
    IHL and other fundamental norms that protect individuals in vent or put an end to abuses and violations.
    situations of violence impose obligations on the authorities and
    parties to an armed conflict and guarantee the rights of civilians Protection of the civilian population
    and other persons not, or no longer, participating directly in The implementation and scope of protection activities depend on
    hostilities or violence. ICRC protection activities seek to ensure several factors, notably security conditions and the readiness of
    respect for these obligations and rights. They focus on prevent- the authorities to enter into dialogue. The fact that the ICRC is
    ing violations and abuse, and on putting an end to them when able to develop protection activities and discuss sensitive issues
    they occur. They also help alleviate the suffering caused by with the authorities concerned does not necessarily mean that
    violations and abuse. the desired results and impact will be achieved. In many contexts,
    the ICRC is aware of the need to continue or increase its protec-
    Protection work covers the following main domains: tion activities, and develops innovative approaches to enhance
    protecting civilians and other individuals not, or no longer, respect for IHL and other fundamental norms devised to protect
    taking part in conflict or violence, notably persons or groups individuals in situations of violence.
    exposed to specific risks such as children, women, the elderly,
    the handicapped and displaced persons;

    17
    OPERATIONS

    In 2005, security concerns continued to restrict ICRC access in There were fresh acts of transnational “terrorism” in 2005. Related
    Afghanistan, Chechnya and Iraq, and made it impossible to policies of repression continued to challenge the ICRC’s capacity
    address existing protection needs in other vast regions. Dialogue to establish a constructive dialogue with the authorities respon-
    on the protection of civilians continued with the authorities and sible for compliance with IHL and other fundamental norms, as
    bearers of weapons in many countries such as Colombia, the well as to promote respect for the relevant rules among specific
    Democratic Republic of the Congo, Israel, the occupied and groups/actors and to offer a humanitarian response to the needs
    autonomous Palestinian territories, Nepal and Sri Lanka. Protection of people affected by terrorist acts. The ICRC visited persons held
    activities increased significantly in Sudan. in connection with acts of “terror” in several contexts, and con-
    tinued to seek access to all persons detained in relation with this
    People deprived of their freedom issue wherever they were held.
    All people deprived of their freedom are vulnerable because they
    depend entirely on the detaining staff and authorities to meet As part of its work in detention centres, the ICRC provided mate-
    their basic needs and ensure their physical protection. People rial assistance that improved living conditions for inmates. This
    arrested and detained in relation with situations of armed conflict included the repair or installation of water-supply and sanitation
    or other situations of violence are more likely to be subjected to systems, and the provision of medical and hygiene supplies.
    harsh conditions of detention or to ill-treatment than ordinary
    detainees. In countries such as Afghanistan, Ethiopia, Georgia, Guinea,
    Madagascar and Rwanda, the ICRC pursued its confidential
    The main objective of ICRC work for the protection of people dialogue with and its support for the national authorities in order
    deprived of their freedom is to prevent or put an end to sum- to help them better meet their obligations towards detainees,
    mary executions, torture or other forms of ill-treatment, inade- particularly by providing them with structural support.
    quate conditions of detention, the severing of contact between
    detainees and their families and disregard for fundamental For various reasons, the ICRC put on hold or was unable to
    judicial guarantees and procedural safeguards. resume its visits to persons deprived of their freedom in coun-
    tries such as Russia (for Chechnya), Tajikistan and Uzbekistan, but
    ICRC access to places of detention is not an end in itself. Rather, continued its efforts to resolve the problem with the authorities.
    visits are a means of collecting first-hand information about the
    situation in such places. The ICRC monitors and assesses detainees’ Restoring family links
    conditions of detention and treatment by sending trained staff Armed violence or natural disasters may lead to massive displace-
    to visit places of detention, talk with the authorities concerned, ment of populations and the separation of families. To re-establish
    hold private interviews with detainees/prisoners and prepare an contact between dispersed family members or to reunite children
    overall analysis of their findings. ICRC findings, assessments and with their families, the ICRC provides tracing services and net-
    related recommendations are discussed with the authorities at the works for the exchange of family news. It pays particular attention
    appropriate levels. ICRC monitoring is a repeated process held to and gives priority to children separated from their families and
    strict professional standards. those demobilized from fighting forces, as they may encounter
    specific protection problems.
    In countries affected by conflict, violence or longstanding severe
    economic difficulties, the detaining authorities may be unable to The worldwide network of National Societies reinforces the
    ensure conditions of detention that meet the basic needs of ICRC’s operational capacity in this area. Having been assigned the
    detainees held under their authority. The ICRC’s response will lead role for tracing and restoring family links within the
    vary, depending on the protection needs identified and the will Movement, the ICRC acts as the Movement’s technical adviser in
    and capability of the authorities to address them, from confiden- this field and coordinator of its international response, even in
    tial reporting and recommendations to the relevant authorities on situations of natural disaster occurring outside of armed con-
    issues such as improving judicial procedures to a catalogue of flicts or violence-prone areas.
    activities, including material assistance, capacity building and
    training for penal staff, law-enforcement officers, the military In 2005, Africa remained the continent with the greatest need for
    and the judiciary, the mobilization of other players and, in assistance in restoring family links and tracing missing persons.
    exceptional circumstances, public communication of ICRC This was particularly true for the Democratic Republic of the
    protection concerns. Congo, Sudan and West Africa. In the latter region, resolving
    the issue of children separated from their families remained an
    In 2005, the ICRC had access to persons deprived of freedom in ICRC priority.
    over 80 countries and made numerous reports and recommen-
    dations to improve often unsatisfactory conditions or treatment. The ICRC’s tracing activities and efforts to help family members
    It also continued its visits to people held in The Hague by the dispersed by natural disasters re-establish links reached an
    International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia, in unprecedented level in 2005. This was attributable to the huge
    Arusha by the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda, and needs caused in this field by the Asian tsunami and the South Asia
    in Freetown by the Special Court for Sierra Leone. earthquake. The ICRC also provided timely support to the
    American Red Cross to help families and friends get in touch with
    Discussions with the highest authorities, particularly in loved ones in the aftermath of hurricane Katrina.
    Mauritania, Sudan and Tunisia, had positive outcomes in terms of
    access: by late 2005 activities for the protection of people deprived Missing persons and their families
    of their freedom had been initiated in these countries, or were In 2002, the ICRC launched a process to address the issue of
    about to begin. people missing as a result of armed conflict or internal violence,

    18
    ICRC ANNUAL REPORT 2005

    and the plight of their relatives. The aim was to review all methods the Caucasus, Colombia, the Democratic Republic of the Congo,
    of preventing disappearances, of clearing up cases of missing Ethiopia, Iraq, Israel and the occupied and autonomous territories,
    persons and of assisting their families, and ultimately to agree on Liberia, Somalia, Sudan (the southern part of the country and
    common practices in this area and to raise the profile of this Darfur), Pakistan-administered Kashmir following the earthquake
    humanitarian issue on the international agenda. Following and, in the wake of the tsunami, Indonesia and Sri Lanka.
    the International Conference of Governmental and Non-
    Governmental Experts (held in 2003), the 28th International Having mobilized considerable resources for its operations in
    Conference of the Red Cross and Red Crescent adopted the Darfur and in the aftermath of the tsunami, the ICRC was able
    Agenda for Humanitarian Action, which sets out clear objectives to launch a large-scale response to the October earthquake in
    which the States and the Movement must endeavour to achieve southern Asia, sending experienced health, economic-security and
    between 2004 and 2007. water and habitat staff to the scene of the disaster within 36 hours
    and launching emergency assistance activities within days.
    In 2005, the ICRC continued to develop and reinforce its activities
    in favour of missing persons and their families through the pro- Health care
    motion of the relevant humanitarian rules, development of appro- ICRC activities to promote health are designed to ensure that people
    priate national law, cooperation with armed forces, exchange of affected by conflict or violence have access to basic preventive and
    family news, handling of human remains and support to the curative health care that meets universally recognized standards.
    families of missing persons. It pursued its dialogue with the To this end, the ICRC assists local or regional health services, which
    authorities in order to promote the establishment of mechanisms it sometimes replaces on a strictly temporary basis.
    to clarify the fate of people missing in connection with armed
    conflicts or internal violence and to support their families. It also In 2005, the ICRC provided regular support to hospitals admit-
    continued to provide support to/participate in existing mechanisms, ting wounded patients – including people with mine injuries –
    particularly in Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and other surgical cases, and performed surgical operations.
    Georgia, Iran, Iraq and Timor-Leste. Support was also given to hospitals admitting medical cases and
    providing treatment in gynaecology/obstetrics and paediatrics in
    Relations with other organizations conflict-affected areas. In addition, the ICRC regularly assisted
    and academic institutions first-aid posts near combat zones.
    The ICRC participated in various round-tables and conferences
    on general protection issues. Within the UN framework, it fol- In cooperation with partner National Societies, the ICRC ran
    lowed in particular discussions on the protection of IDPs and community-based programmes in many countries, including
    participated in meetings on the new concept of clusters, including Colombia, Sri Lanka and Sudan. It also provided regular support
    those devoted to the field of protection. for health-care facilities.

    The ICRC attended several meetings and international confer- Activities in the health-care sector were based on the 2004 ICRC
    ences on detention issues and maintained contact with agencies Assistance Policy. Highlights comprised:
    involved in visiting detainees, such as UNHCHR, the European the development and implementation of comprehensive
    Committee for the Prevention of Torture and several NGOs. The hospital emergency care, including surgical, medical, paediatric
    purpose of these contacts was to close gaps in protection work, and gynaecological/obstetric care, as in the Democratic
    prevent duplication of efforts and better identify the added value Republic of the Congo and Somalia, and in Pakistan-
    of each individual organization, in terms of its mandate, experi- administered Kashmir in aid of people affected by the
    ence and specific nature. earthquake;
    strengthening the national hospital-management capacity
    in chronic conflict and post-crisis situations, such as in
    ASSISTANCE Afghanistan (Jalalabad Hospital) and Sudan (Juba Hospital);
    increasing the immunization capacity and backing
    The Assistance Division provides strategic support and professional immunization activities in conflict areas of Colombia,
    expertise in three areas of activity – health services, economic Myanmar, Pakistan, Sri Lanka and Sudan (Darfur);
    security and water and habitat – to operations in the field. It also providing support for rape victims, especially in the
    devotes considerable effort to the vital area of staff development Democratic Republic of the Congo and Sudan (Darfur).
    and management.
    In the core field of health in places of detention, the ICRC
    To maintain the quality of its services, the Assistance Division concentrated on:
    develops policies and guidelines while also helping to shape pol- providing support for an enhanced prison health system in
    icy and strategy for the ICRC. It plays an active role in debates Kyrgyzstan, Rwanda and the South Caucasus;
    within the Movement and the wider humanitarian community, furthering the tuberculosis control programme in prisons
    and with academic institutions, professional associations and in the Caucasus (the programme is gradually being handed
    other bodies involved in analysing and developing professional over to the authorities; TB drugs, for example, are no longer
    standards relevant to its fields of activity. supplied by the ICRC);
    in accordance with established criteria, assisting people living
    Operational support with HIV/AIDS in African prisons, for instance in Burundi,
    In 2005, most of the ICRC’s delegations and offices around the Lesotho and Rwanda, in partnership with the relevant
    world carried out health, economic security, and water and habi- ministries of justice and health and with national NGOs;
    tat programmes. The biggest programmes were in Afghanistan, documenting and preventing ill-treatment in prisons.

    19
    OPERATIONS

    In another health-related field, physical rehabilitation, the ICRC Sudan. It upgraded medical facilities at numerous locations in
    worked in aid of centres in 23 countries in 2005. Thanks to the Afghanistan, Burundi, Chechnya, Guinea, Iraq, Liberia, Senegal,
    organization’s assistance, orthopaedic appliances (prostheses and Somalia and Sudan.
    orthotic devices) were supplied, and crutches and wheelchairs
    distributed. Most patients also received physiotherapy. In places of detention with no other means of providing detainees
    with acceptable living conditions, the ICRC carried out water and
    Water and habitat sanitation activities and repairs to water-supply and sanitation
    The ICRC’s water and habitat programmes provide basic services systems, chiefly in Afghanistan, Burundi, Chad, Ethiopia, Guinea,
    to groups of people affected by conflict or violence, ensuring they Liberia, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Sierra Leone and Sri Lanka.
    have access to water supplies, decent conditions of sanitation and
    adequate shelter; when necessary, health facilities are rehabili- Economic security
    tated to improve access to health care. The services are provided The ICRC’s approach to economic security aims to ensure that
    throughout the different phases of a crisis, from the acute stage households and communities can cover their basic material needs
    to the post-crisis phase. and maintain or restore sustainable livelihoods. This involves ini-
    tiatives ranging from emergency distributions of food and essen-
    In 2005, the ICRC constructed or repaired water and sanitation tial household items to sustainable food-production programmes
    facilities in 37 countries. These projects, implemented by expa- and micro-economic initiatives. Examples of the latter two
    triate and national engineers and technicians, catered for the include the maintenance/rehabilitation of irrigation perimeters,
    needs of some 11.2 million people worldwide. They ranged from in-kind grants, small-scale community-based cash-for-work
    making water safe to drink by setting up hand pumps and water- projects, and livestock management and support programmes.
    treatment systems to ensuring proper sewage disposal in towns
    and villages affected by armed conflict. They also included repair- In 2005, the ICRC carried out economic security work in 26 coun-
    ing and, in some cases, building health-care facilities and centres tries, providing internally displaced people, residents and – in
    to house displaced people, and building or improving water and exceptional circumstances – persons deprived of their freedom
    sanitation facilities in places of detention. with food aid and essential household and hygiene items. Other
    people were assisted through sustainable food-production pro-
    In Sudan, the ICRC focused on Darfur, where it maintained and grammes or micro-economic initiatives. Up to 90 specialized expa-
    developed access to water supplies and health facilities in rural and triate staff were involved, in addition to nearly 700 national staff.
    urban areas and IDP camps. In southern Sudan, while maintaining
    substantial support to the Juba Teaching Hospital, the ICRC The ICRC supplied emergency food and/or essential household
    handed its water project in Yirol over to the Swedish Red Cross. items to people affected by conflict and violence in Afghanistan,
    Colombia, Côte d’Ivoire, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Iraq, Liberia, Nepal,
    To assist people in Indonesia and Sri Lanka affected by the the Palestinian occupied and autonomous territories, Somalia,
    tsunami, the ICRC concentrated on providing access to water, Sudan, Uganda and Zimbabwe. In addition, at the beginning of
    shelter and medical facilities in conflict-prone areas. The same 2005 groups of people affected by the tsunami in Indonesia and
    approach applied in Pakistan-administered Kashmir, where many Sri Lanka continued to receive essential household items, and
    people affected by the earthquake benefited from the rehabilita- during the last quarter of 2005 people affected by the earthquake
    tion of rural and urban water schemes. Additionally, vulnerable in Pakistan-administrated Kashmir received emergency food and
    households received shelter support in the form of sheets of cor- essential household items. Distributions of food and/or essential
    rugated iron and construction materials, and assistance in the household items also continued in Georgia and Russia.
    form of a work force.
    As a one-off, and because the detaining authorities were unable to
    In Côte d’Ivoire, the ICRC continued to lend support to local respond in a timely manner to deteriorating situations, the ICRC
    water boards, thereby enabling people to have access to safe provided food for inmates in some prisons in the Democratic
    drinking water in the main urban centres of the northern and Republic of the Congo, Côte d’Ivoire, Guinea and Madagascar. In
    western regions of the country. Rwanda, the ICRC terminated the food-aid programme it had
    implemented in prisons for over 10 years in December 2005. Food
    In Iraq, where the ICRC maintained its presence despite volatile was also distributed for patients in ICRC-assisted hospitals.
    security conditions, water and habitat engineers continued to
    help Iraqi water boards and the health authorities, operating The ICRC carried out crop projects, veterinary and livestock
    emergency projects in water and sewage stations and health support programmes and/or fishing projects in Côte d’Ivoire, the
    facilities. Democratic Republic of the Congo, the Republic of the Congo,
    Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Liberia, Senegal, Sri Lanka, Sudan
    The ICRC ran urban water-supply projects in Burundi, the and Uganda. It maintained micro-economic initiatives, such
    Central African Republic, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, as community-based cash-for-work and in-kind grants for
    the Republic of the Congo and Guinea. Major rural water and farms and cottage industries in Georgia, Russia, Somalia and
    sanitation projects were continued throughout the year in the Palestinian occupied and autonomous territories, and
    Ethiopia, Guinea, Kenya, Liberia, Myanmar, Rwanda, Senegal, launched similar initiatives in Sri Lanka.
    Sierra Leone, Somalia, Sri Lanka and Sudan. The ICRC provided
    emergency water supplies to IDPs and resident populations in In early 2005, following the completion of all ICRC economic
    Afghanistan, the northern Caucasus, the eastern part of the security programmes for IDPs from Kosovo, a team of external
    Democratic Republic of the Congo, Eritrea, Indonesia, the consultants reviewed the cash-assistance projects implemented
    Palestinian occupied and autonomous territories, Liberia and in close cooperation with the Ministry of Social Affairs in Serbia

    20
    ICRC ANNUAL REPORT 2005

    and Montenegro and the organization’s micro-economic initia- To this purpose, the ICRC develops and maintains close relations
    tives (farm and cottage industry grants, the micro-credit scheme with a wide range of organizations – including the International
    and vocational training). Economic security programmes in Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies through
    Somalia were also reviewed, and slightly altered as a result. its headquarters and its delegations, mainly in Addis Ababa,
    Brussels, Cairo, Kuala Lumpur, New York and Paris. The
    Policies and key issues ICRC’s Humanitarian Diplomacy Unit acts as a focal point for
    The Assistance Division produced a number of guidelines and relations between the ICRC and UN bodies such as the General
    reference tools in its three areas of activity. These included: Assembly, the Security Council and the various UN humanitarian
    operational guidelines for the application of the ICRC agencies. Similarly, it maintains regular contact with regional
    Assistance Policy to economic security programmes; organizations, inter alia the African Union (AU), the League of
    guidelines for basic health care; Arab States, the Organization of American States (OAS), the
    a protocol for the operation of mobile clinics; Organisation of the Islamic Conference, the Council of Europe,
    a course for prison doctors on CD-ROM and on the Internet; the Inter-Parliamentary Union and the Organization for Security
    operational best practices for the management of human and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE). The ICRC also maintains
    remains and information on the dead by non-specialists, regular exchanges with NGOs.
    for all armed forces and all humanitarian organizations;
    legal, ethical and practical guidelines relating to the use Raising issues of humanitarian concern
    of DNA. in international forums
    Throughout 2005, issues of humanitarian concern were high on
    The guidelines and protocols were developed after a careful review the agendas of various UN bodies and international conferences,
    of existing documents and other sources of information. not only because of the major international crises that occurred,
    including the tsunami and the earthquake in South Asia, but also
    Human resources development because it was the year in which the UN launched a large-scale
    Throughout the year, the Assistance Division made a considerable reform of its humanitarian system.
    effort to improve the quality and scope of training for its health,
    economic-security and water and habitat personnel. It organized The ICRC closely followed the UN reform process to keep abreast
    specialized courses and workshops on issues such as economic of developments relevant to its humanitarian activities, and to
    security, basic health care, hospital management, emergency promote understanding of and support for its mandate and work,
    surgery in war-torn areas, assessment of water supply systems and both generally and in relation with the UN’s new humanitarian
    water engineering. It allocated substantial resources to training system. It attended the 60th session of the UN General Assembly
    and contributed its expertise to on-site courses for health-care in its capacity as an observer, and delivered statements on issues
    personnel working in places of detention and to war-surgery of humanitarian concern in the plenary and third committees.
    seminars held around the world. In addition, Health Emergencies These included enhanced coordination of UN humanitarian and
    in Large Populations (H.E.L.P.) courses were organized in various disaster-relief assistance, missing persons and their families, and
    parts of the world. enforced disappearances. The ICRC played a similar role at the
    Humanitarian Affairs Segment of the Economic and Social
    Contributions to the humanitarian debate Council, where it made a statement on applying humanitarian
    In 2005, as in previous years, the Assistance Division participated principles in the aftermath of armed conflict. It also paid close
    in workshops, forums and conferences attended by key human- attention to various issues taken up by the UN Security Council,
    itarian agencies such as specialized UN organizations, notably to which it delivered a statement on the protection of civilians in
    the WFP, the Food and Agriculture Organization, WHO and armed conflict. The ICRC also closely followed the 61st session
    UNHCR, and NGOs such as Médecins Sans Frontières, Action of the Commission on Human Rights, which its president
    Contre la Faim, Oxfam, Handicap International and Physicians addressed and where its representatives made a statement on
    for Human Rights. It also maintained and developed a network of people missing in connection with armed conflict.
    contacts with professional associations and academic institutions.
    The ICRC’s expertise in specialized areas such as the rehabilitation In Europe, the ICRC maintained regular contact with regional
    of amputees, water and habitat engineering, war surgery, and organizations such as the Council of Europe and the OSCE.
    health and medical ethics in prisons was frequently solicited in Decisions regarding human rights, the rule of law, migration,
    international conferences and workshops. small arms and light weapons, conflict prevention and detention
    conditions were closely followed. In 2005, the ICRC took part in
    the OSCE’s 13th Ministerial Meeting, in its Human Dimension
    RELATIONS WITH INTERNATIONAL Implementation Meeting and in its Mediterranean Seminar. It
    ORGANIZATIONS also delivered a statement at a tripartite meeting in Strasbourg
    between the Council of Europe, the OSCE and the UN on the
    In multinational forums the ICRC promotes knowledge, under- role that IHL, penal law and human rights law should play in the
    standing and – whenever appropriate – the development of IHL. “fight against terrorism”.
    It explains its position on issues of humanitarian concern and
    multiplies contacts to facilitate its operations in the field and raise In Africa, the ICRC maintained regular contact with the AU and
    awareness of the plight and needs of those affected by armed various regional economic communities. In 2005 it attended both
    conflicts and violence. Above all, it strives to defend and promote the AU Summit, in Syrte, Libya, and the 6th meeting of the AU’s
    impartial, neutral and independent humanitarian action, and to African Committee of the Rights and Welfare of the Child, in
    guard against the use of humanitarian activities as a tool for Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
    military or political ends.

    21
    OPERATIONS

    In Asia, the ICRC created a special position within its delegation work undertaken by IASC sub-bodies on subjects such as mental
    in Kuala Lumpur to reinforce contacts with the region’s multi- health and good humanitarian donorship. It also actively par-
    lateral organizations. ticipated in a multitude of meetings and discussions on UN
    humanitarian reforms.
    In Latin America, the ICRC closely followed the work of the
    OAS and of the Caribbean Community and Common Market The ICRC maintained bilateral contacts with various UN and
    (CARICOM). It participated in the 35th General Assembly of the non-UN agencies. In 2005 it attended the 90th Session of the IOM
    OAS and the fifth session of the Inter-American Committee Council and strengthened institutional relations with the WFP.
    against Terrorism. It also endeavoured to enhance its working It also enhanced relations with UNHCHR, both at the highest
    relations with CARICOM. Throughout its interactions with and working level and continued its dialogue with UNHCR and
    these organizations, the ICRC focused on the application of IHL, UNICEF. It planned high-level meetings with UNHCHR,
    international refugee law and human rights law to the fight UNHCR and UNICEF for 2006.
    against “terrorism” and the issue of people missing in connection
    with armed conflict. In 2005 bilateral contacts were maintained with some of the larger
    NGOs. The ICRC took part in the work of the Steering Committee
    In 2005 the ICRC continued to pursue closer links with the for Humanitarian Response and maintained a close relationship
    Muslim world. It participated in high-level meetings, including with the International Council of Voluntary Agencies, where it
    the 32nd Session of the Islamic Conference of Foreign Ministers had observer status. The ICRC also attended the World Social
    in Sana’a, Yemen, and the Council Session of the Parliamentary Forum held in Brazil. Several high-level meetings have been
    Union of OIC Member States, in Beirut. A number of workshops planned with NGOs for 2006, among them major NGOs with
    on the implementation of IHL were organized with the support of which the ICRC has traditionally maintained close relations.
    the Arab League.
    A close link was maintained with the Humanitarian Liaison
    The ICRC maintained contacts with parliamentarians from Working Group, which brings together representatives of major
    around the world. It attended the Inter-Parliamentary Union donor countries in Geneva to foster dialogue with humanitarian
    assemblies in Geneva and Manila, and participated in inter- agencies. In March, the ICRC participated in the fifth annual
    parliamentary conferences in Brazzaville, Moscow and New York. Montreux Donor Retreat organized by this working group.
    It also took part in the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of
    Europe. In all its dealings, the ICRC focused on the issue of people
    missing in connection with armed conflict. The ICRC was grati-
    fied by the Inter-Parliamentary Union’s decision to further pursue
    discussions on this important issue in 2006 and to put it at the top
    of the agenda of its Assembly scheduled for October 2006.

    Throughout 2005, the ICRC also kept abreast of numerous public


    discussions on issues relevant to its work, including migration,
    internal displacement, conflict prevention, peace-building and the
    strengthening of the humanitarian response capacity for forgotten
    emergencies. Accordingly, it attended international conferences
    on these issues in Geneva, New York and Rabat. It participated in
    the European Platform for Conflict Prevention and Transformation,
    in Bilbao, and the Global Conference on Conflict Prevention, in
    New York.

    Enhancing cooperation and coordination


    between agencies
    In recognition of the scale and complexity of needs arising from
    crises in 2005, the increasing number of relief organizations on
    the ground, the changing humanitarian environment and the
    changes resulting from the UN humanitarian reforms, the
    ICRC stepped up its consultation and coordination with other
    humanitarian agencies: members of the UN system, regional
    organizations and NGOs.

    The ICRC actively participated in the Inter-Agency Standing


    Committee (IASC) – the UN mechanism for coordinating the
    humanitarian activities of both UN and non-UN organizations –
    in which it is a standing invitee. In 2005, as in past years, the ICRC
    took an active part in the IASC’s information meetings, working
    groups and principals meetings at headquarters. Its delegations
    participated in coordination meetings in the field and cooper-
    ated with UN staff to develop Common Humanitarian Action
    Plans in an effort to prevent duplication or gaps in relief aid.
    Throughout the year, the ICRC contributed extensively to the

    22
    international

    within the
    law and
    cooperation

    movement
    The Department for International Law and Cooperation within the Following consultations with the States, and pursuant to the
    Movement seeks to reinforce and help implement the rules protecting Movement’s efforts to attain universality, a diplomatic confer-
    victims of war, and the cohesion of action and policy within the Red ence convened by the Swiss Government in December 2005 resulted
    Cross and Red Crescent Movement. It spearheads work to develop, in the adoption of Additional Protocol III, which addresses solely
    explain and promote the provisions of IHL related to international the question of the additional emblem and its use.
    and non-international armed conflicts, to promote cooperation
    between the Movement’s components in the achievement of their
    humanitarian mission and to foster implementation of the POLICY AND COOPERATION
    Fundamental Principles. The Department also archives ICRC WITHIN THE MOVEMENT
    records for historical purposes, publishes a periodical and admin-
    isters a Second World War tracing service. The mission of the Division for Policy and Cooperation within
    the Movement is to guide and support the ICRC in implementing
    its responsibilities towards the Movement’s other components.
    TOWARDS A COMPREHENSIVE SOLUTION In situations of conflict and internal strife, and in dealing with
    TO THE EMBLEM ISSUE: their direct results, the ICRC works closely with the National
    ADOPTION OF ADDITIONAL PROTOCOL III Societies and their International Federation to respond to human-
    itarian needs, in accordance with the Movement’s Statutes and the
    The red cross and red crescent emblems are universally recognized Seville Agreement. This includes:
    symbols of protection and assistance for the victims of armed a)coordinating activities in the field and forming operational
    conflicts and natural disasters. These emblems unfortunately do partnerships with other components of the Movement, and
    not always enjoy the respect to which they are entitled as visible providing guidance and support for National Society capacity-
    signs of the strict neutrality of humanitarian work. Moreover, cer- building activities (Movement action);
    tain States find it difficult to identify with one or the other. b)providing support and advice to the National Societies in their
    efforts to apply the Fundamental Principles and the Movement’s
    The ICRC, together with the Standing Commission and the main policies, rules and regulations (Movement principles
    International Federation, has been actively involved in the and rules);
    process of seeking a comprehensive solution to this longstanding c) developing Movement policies and guidance documents for
    issue. In 2000, a draft third protocol additional to the Geneva adoption by the Movement’s statutory bodies, organizing
    Conventions introduced an additional emblem free of any politi- meetings of such bodies and promoting implementation of the
    cal, religious or national connotations. The whole process stalled decisions and resolutions adopted by them (Movement policy).
    the same year, however, owing to events in the Middle East. The
    ICRC, together with the Movement, worked to maintain the focus The highlights of the Division’s work in 2005 in the above areas
    on the need to find a global and comprehensive solution to the are described below.
    emblem issue, with the result that the Swiss Government, as the
    depositary of the Geneva Conventions, resumed consultations
    with the States party to the Geneva Conventions in early 2005.

    In November 2005, the Council of Delegates, meeting in Seoul,


    adopted by consensus a resolution reaffirming its support for
    the process.

    23
    INTERNATIONAL LAW AND COOPERATION WITHIN THE MOVEMENT

    MOVEMENT ACTION relating to integrity, the result of growing threats to their inde-
    pendence; both their statutes and/or the domestic legislation
    Support for Movement coordination regulating National Society relations with the State can play an
    in ICRC field operations important role in this respect.
    In 2005, the Division lent substantial support to the major
    Movement operations launched in the aftermath of the tsunami In 2005, the Division applied a more systematic and analytical
    in Sri Lanka and Indonesia, the Darfur crisis and the earthquake approach to promoting implementation of the Movement’s prin-
    in Pakistan. The involvement of many National Societies in ciples and rules and to documenting cases in which a National
    response to the tsunami in Sri Lanka and Indonesia meant that Society’s integrity was called into question (it listed all the action
    new models had to be devised for Movement coordination, taken in such cases, established case-management sheets and
    including structures and terms of reference for their func- participated in the International Federation Governing Board’s
    tioning. In other operations, ICRC field delegations were helped new working group on integrity). In addition, the Division, often
    to develop context-specific approaches and mechanisms for acting jointly with its counterpart at the International Federation,
    Movement coordination and to address the problems they took specific action in response to issues of National Society
    encountered in interacting with National Societies or the integrity of serious concern in five countries. It also helped draft the
    International Federation. Policy on the Protection of Integrity adopted by the International
    Federation’s General Assembly in November 2005. The policy
    The Division also made considerable efforts in 2005 to develop serves as the basis for continued coordination of ICRC and
    new methods, procedures and tools for managing operational International Federation work on integrity issues and tools.
    partnerships with National Societies working internationally
    and conducted a pilot exercise to test them in places such as Furthermore, the Division intensified its work within the Joint
    Sudan, Colombia and Sri Lanka. It further commissioned an ICRC/International Federation Commission for National Society
    external evaluation of the implementation of the Seville Statutes, whose aim is to help National Societies to adhere at all
    Agreement in transition situations (Sierra Leone, Serbia and times to the Fundamental Principles by strengthening their legal
    Montenegro). The results were used to prepare supplementary base (statutes and national legislation regulating relations with
    measures to enhance implementation of the Seville Agreement authorities). In 2005, the Commission provided comments and
    (see Movement policy below). recommendations to 40 National Societies on the text of their
    statutes, and certified that 39 had statutes that met minimum
    Support for National Society capacity building requirements. Many problems relating to National Society statutes
    In this area, the Division focused on helping delegations to are grounded in existing national legislation, and the Commission
    implement the “Safer Access” approach. It also laid emphasis on therefore also stepped up its work in this area, providing analysis
    working with the Protection Division to design and launch a and advice to 15 National Societies during the year.
    universal project to strengthen the Family News Network, which
    involves National Society tracing services, and on implementing a Regarding recognition of new National Societies, the Division did
    common approach for National Society dissemination activities the groundwork enabling the ICRC Assembly to determine that
    in Asia. two additional National Societies (Comoros Red Crescent and
    Timor-Leste Red Cross) met the 10 conditions for recognition;
    In a joint effort to strengthen National Societies, the ICRC and the they therefore became full-fledged components of the Movement
    International Federation continued to develop and carry out and were subsequently admitted as members of the International
    training courses for newly-appointed senior leaders of National Federation.
    Societies. The Leadership Development Programme’s content and
    methodology were revised and applied during two courses The Division also dealt with over 40 inquiries in 2005 about the
    organized for 41 National Society leaders, focusing mainly on proper use of the red cross and red crescent emblems, providing
    the international dimensions and responsibilities of a National advice and recommendations to ICRC delegations, National
    Society in the framework of the Movement’s Fundamental Societies and private individuals.
    Principles.
    Finally, a number of Special Notes to National Societies pro-
    The Division also continued to provide backing for Basic Training vided guidance on the use of military assets and logistic means
    Courses (BTCs) for National Society and International Federation by components of the Movement in the contexts of the Darfur,
    staff seconded to emergency operations. Thirty-three BTCs were tsunami and Pakistan operations. The notes were sent to all
    organized in 2005, compared to an average of 25 in previous National Societies.
    years, an increase brought about chiefly by the tsunami and
    Pakistan earthquake operations.
    MOVEMENT POLICY

    MOVEMENT PRINCIPLES AND RULES The year was devoted to preparing the substance of and organiz-
    ing the Council of Delegates together with the International
    According to the Movement’s Statutes, the ICRC is responsible Federation and the Republic of Korea National Red Cross, which
    inter alia for recognizing National Societies and for ensuring hosted the event in November 2005 in Seoul. In terms of sub-
    proper use of the emblems and respect for the Fundamental stance, the Division worked mainly on the following papers,
    Principles which, taken together, distinguish the Movement from which were subsequently formally adopted in Seoul as policy
    other international networks such as the UN system and from and guidance documents for the entire Movement:
    NGOs. National Societies currently face a number of problems

    24
    ICRC ANNUAL REPORT 2005

    Supplementary measures to enhance the implementation of the Societies on the main issues to be raised with States in preparation
    Seville Agreement. The text of the supplementary measures for the International Conference of the Red Cross and Red
    focuses on ways to improve the organization of the interna- Crescent scheduled for 2007. The National Societies expressed
    tional activities of the Movement’s components and is the strong support for working as an independent Movement net-
    product of an ad hoc working group of representatives from work that is clearly distinct from the other two main networks of
    National Societies, the International Federation and the ICRC. humanitarian assistance, namely NGOs and the UN.
    It draws upon lessons learned and best practices established
    since the adoption of the Seville Agreement in 1997 and aims Further to the tasks above, the Division ensured adequate man-
    to provide additional guidance on effective cooperation as agement or supervision of various Movement funds, medals and
    one Movement, particularly in large-scale emergencies. prizes, organized around 50 official visits of National Society
    Auxiliary role of National Societies. As part of a wider initiative leaders to ICRC headquarters, and represented the ICRC in various
    led by the International Federation, and in close consultation official and statutory meetings organized by other components
    with a number of National Societies, the ICRC produced a of the Movement.
    study on National Societies as auxiliaries to the public author-
    ities in the humanitarian field. The role of National Societies
    as auxiliaries to their governments is explicitly mentioned in INTERNATIONAL HUMANITARIAN LAW
    the Movement’s Statutes, yet there are varying interpretations
    of what the concept of “auxiliary” actually signifies. This The protection of war victims is largely dependent on respect for
    study, distributed to all participants at the 2005 Council of IHL. In accordance with the mandate conferred upon it by the
    Delegates, clarifies the concept of auxiliary in times of conflict international community, the ICRC strives to promote compliance
    and provides guidance to National Societies in their interaction with IHL and to contribute to its development.
    with their governments, particularly regarding their role during
    military operations mandated by the UN, in situations of In order to enhance its capacity to protect and assist the victims of
    occupation, and when working abroad in areas where their armed conflict and other situations of violence, the ICRC con-
    own country’s troops are deployed. cluded two new headquarters agreements, one with China, and
    Guidance document on relations between Movement compo- the other with Trinidad and Tobago. This brought to 77 the number
    nents and military bodies. The purpose here is to guide the of such agreements, which confer various privileges and immunities
    Movement when it coordinates its activities with military enabling the ICRC and its staff to work in an entirely independent
    bodies, especially with respect to the Fundamental Principles. manner. In 11 other States, the organization’s privileges and
    The document deals in particular with the questions of immunities are established by legislation or other arrangements.
    preserving the Movement’s independence and maintaining
    a clear distinction between the respective roles of military The highlights of the Legal Division’s work in 2005 are described
    bodies and humanitarian practitioners. It is the result of an below.
    intense process of consultation conducted in 2005 between
    the ICRC, the International Federation and a group of
    National Societies particularly concerned by the issue. PROMOTING THE UNIVERSALITY
    Movement policy for corporate sector partnerships. The policy OF IHL INSTRUMENTS AND THEIR NATIONAL
    aims to provide guidelines for National Society relations and IMPLEMENTATION
    partnerships with the private sector that do not compromise
    the Society’s obligation to adhere to the Fundamental If IHL is to be fully respected, it is of paramount importance that
    Principles. It was produced jointly by the International States adopt domestic legislation to implement its rules, in partic-
    Federation and the ICRC, in consultation with a large group ular those relating to the repression of war crimes and to the use
    of National Societies. and protection of the red cross and red crescent emblems and
    Promoting respect for diversity and non-discrimination. The other distinctive signs and signals.
    guidance document and guiding questions annexed to the
    Council of Delegates resolution on this point provide a general Throughout the year, the ICRC, in particular the legal experts of
    framework for applying key aspects of the Movement’s its Advisory Service on International Humanitarian Law based in
    principles of impartiality and unity. Movement components Geneva and in the field, actively pursued its dialogue with national
    are called upon to use the guidance document when drawing authorities worldwide in order to promote accession to IHL treaties
    up new programmes or reshaping existing strategies, in order and their national implementation in domestic law and practice. To
    to promote greater diversity within national Red Cross and this end, it continued to cooperate with international and regional
    Red Crescent organizations and to respond to all forms of organizations such as the Commonwealth, the League of Arab States,
    adverse discrimination within civil society. The guidance the Organization of American States, the Council of Europe and
    document is the result of an intense process of consultation the European Union, and participated in or organized a number
    conducted since 2003 between the ICRC, the International of national and regional conferences, seminars and workshops in
    Federation and a large group of National Societies. order to promote the broadest possible consideration of subjects
    related to the ratification and implementation of IHL instruments.
    The Division also coordinated the preparation of ICRC back-
    ground documents and guiding questions for debates at the Legal and technical advice was provided to governments in many
    Council of Delegates on the main challenges to obtaining access to countries seeking to develop domestic legislation, including
    victims and vulnerable people, on the one hand, and to carrying Afghanistan, Benin, Colombia, the Czech Republic, El Salvador,
    out neutral and independent humanitarian action, on the other. Indonesia, Mexico, Niger, Peru, Serbia and Montenegro, Sri Lanka,
    The purpose of these discussions was to consult the National Timor-Leste and Yemen.

    25
    INTERNATIONAL LAW AND COOPERATION WITHIN THE MOVEMENT

    The ICRC continued to encourage and help States to establish In addition, it was instrumental in promoting the development
    national committees responsible for the implementation of IHL. by the States parties of a coherent and transparent process for
    Such committees are an effective means of promoting respect for managing requests to extend mine-clearance deadlines, which
    the law by the States; they are made up of representatives of the will begin to expire in 2009.
    various ministries and national bodies concerned, and specialists
    appointed for that purpose. In 2005, a national committee was In 2005, three States (Bhutan, Latvia and Vanuatu) acceded
    set up in Burkina Faso, bringing the total number of such bodies to the Ottawa Convention.
    to over 70. During the same period, the ICRC organized two
    regional meetings of national IHL committees: the Nairobi meet- Three States became party to the Convention on Certain
    ing, organized in conjunction with the Kenyan Government and Conventional Weapons, while several others acceded to the
    the Commonwealth Secretariat, brought together representatives Convention’s various Protocols (eight States to the revised
    of national IHL committees within the Commonwealth; the meet- Framework Convention; three States to Protocol I, five States
    ing in Managua was attended by representatives of national IHL to Amended Protocol II, two States to Protocol III and
    committees established throughout Central and South America. two States to Protocol IV; 13 States ratified Protocol V).

    Information on new national legislation and case law relating to To mark the 25th anniversary of the Convention’s adoption,
    IHL continued to be collected and incorporated into the Advisory the ICRC organized a number of national meetings
    Service’s database of national legislation. The Advisory Service (Democratic Republic of the Congo, Lithuania, Serbia and
    also released a new edition of the CD-ROM containing the full Montenegro, Sri Lanka) to promote the ratification and
    texts of IHL treaties, their status of ratification and examples of implementation of the Convention and its five Protocols.
    national implementation measures adopted by different States. The meetings focused in particular on the promotion of the
    2003 Protocol on Explosive Remnants of War (Protocol V),
    In 2005: which seeks to address the problems caused by unexploded
    and abandoned munitions. In particular, the ICRC produced
    One State (Timor-Leste) acceded to the 1977 Additional a DVD explaining the nature of those problems and the
    Protocols and one State (Qatar) acceded to Additional obligations the States undertook on acceding to the Protocol.
    Protocol II.
    The ICRC continued to play an active role in intergovernmental
    The ICRC organized several meetings of regional experts efforts to address the human costs of anti-vehicle mines and
    devoted to the Hague Convention on Cultural Property, of cluster bombs and other sub-munitions. Work on these
    notably in Buenos Aires and in Warsaw, and lent support for problems continued in the Group of Government Experts of
    the completion of national studies of the compatibility of States party to the Convention on Conventional Weapons.
    domestic law and practice in various Eastern Europe countries. No decisions or proposals were adopted but there was sub-
    It also participated in the sixth Meeting of States party to stantial discussion on a number of important questions. At
    the Convention and in the first Meeting of States party to their annual meeting in November, the States Parties asked
    the Convention’s Second Protocol of 1999. In 2005, one State the experts to continue their work on these issues in 2006,
    (Venezuela) acceded to the Hague Convention on Cultural when the Third Review Conference of the Convention will
    Property, three States (Canada, Estonia and Portugal) to be convened.
    its Protocol and 10 States to its Second Protocol (Belarus,
    Canada, Egypt, Estonia, Greece, Guatemala, Hungary, Iran, Three States (Dominican Republic, Kenya and Mexico) acceded
    Luxemburg and Peru). to the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court. The
    ICRC held and participated in various national and regional
    Thirteen States acceded to the Optional Protocol to the conferences and seminars organized under the auspices of
    Convention on the Rights of the Child. or with the support of regional organizations such as the
    European Union, the Organization for Security and Co-operation
    As part of its efforts to promote ratification and implementa- in Europe and the Organization of American States. In
    tion of the Ottawa Convention, the ICRC participated in the November, it attended the Fourth Assembly of States party
    meetings of the States parties held in Switzerland and Croatia to the Rome Statute, held in The Hague. It also helped draft
    and in national and regional events in Algeria, Georgia, Kenya model laws for the implementation of the Rome Statute by
    and Libya, amongst other countries. Legal assistance was Commonwealth countries and by Arab-speaking States.
    extended to some 16 States parties to help them develop
    national implementation measures. In December 2004, the Furthermore, in line with the recommendations adopted at the
    First Review Conference of the Ottawa Convention adopted 2003 International Conference of Governmental and non-
    the Nairobi Action Plan, in which the States parties agreed Governmental Experts on the Missing and with the Agenda for
    to take 70 specific measures aimed at “the full and effective Humanitarian Action adopted by the 28th International Red Cross
    promotion and implementation of the Convention” between and Red Crescent Conference, the ICRC also started to prepare
    2005 and 2009. In 2005, the ICRC actively encouraged the guidelines on drawing up national legislation to prevent persons
    States parties to fulfil these commitments. from becoming unaccounted for as a result of armed conflict and
    to protect missing persons and their families.
    The ICRC also produced a brochure entitled Caring for
    Landmine Victims and participated in regional workshops
    in Africa and Central America organized by the Ottawa
    Convention’s Standing Committee on Victim Assistance.

    26
    ICRC ANNUAL REPORT 2005

    REAFFIRMING, CLARIFYING AND DEVELOPING IHL IHL, there is no doubt that better compliance with IHL during
    armed conflicts remains a major challenge. In order to address
    Throughout 2005, the Legal Division attended numerous confer- this issue, the ICRC, in cooperation with other organizations,
    ences, seminars and courses and provided States, intergovern- hosted five regional seminars in 2003 on improving compliance
    mental organizations, NGOs and other interested persons and with IHL. The Legal Division was requested to conduct a study
    bodies with expertise on a variety of IHL topics. The primary aim of mechanisms that could improve compliance with IHL in non-
    of these activities was to promote IHL and stress the relevance of international armed conflicts by all parties to the conflict. The
    its provisions in contemporary armed conflicts, and to explain the study was finalized in late 2005. In addition, the ICRC provided
    specific role of the ICRC. input for the European Union Guidelines on promoting compliance
    with IHL, which were adopted in December 2005. The purpose
    The ICRC worked in particular on the issues mentioned below. In of the Guidelines is to provide the European Union and its insti-
    addition, it dealt with a number of other topical matters, such as tutions and bodies with the operational means of promoting
    the protection of IDPs, the protection of women and children in respect for IHL.
    armed conflict, the protection of journalists, peace-keeping and
    computer network attacks. Air and missile warfare
    The ICRC is an active contributor to the expert meetings on IHL
    The Legal Division also provided legal advice on a daily basis to and air and missile warfare sponsored by the Harvard Program on
    the ICRC’s Department of Operations and to ICRC field delega- Humanitarian Policy and Conflict Research, which has launched
    tions, notably regarding confidential representations to the parties an important initiative aimed at drafting a manual on air and mis-
    to armed conflicts in cases where IHL was being violated, and also sile warfare. Its legal experts participated actively in the third and
    to remind the parties of their obligations under IHL in the event fourth substantive meetings held in 2005 in Germany and Norway.
    of hostilities.
    Private military and security companies
    Study on customary international humanitarian law Recent years have witnessed an increase in the number of private
    In 2005, the ICRC published the study on customary interna- military and security companies operating in situations of armed
    tional humanitarian law commissioned by the 26th International conflict, as well as a change in the nature of their activities, which
    Conference of the Red Cross and Red Crescent. The study con- are now increasingly close to the heart of military operations and
    tains a list of rules found to be customary, a short commentary which often put them in close proximity to persons protected by
    explaining the customary nature of the rule, and a summary of IHL. In view of this, the ICRC has engaged in dialogue with a
    practice in the area of IHL compiled over several years of research. number of these companies and with the States that hire them or
    It is divided into six parts (principle of distinction; specific in whose territory they are registered to remind all concerned of
    protection regimes; methods of warfare; weapons; treatment of their obligations under IHL. Experts from the Legal Division also
    civilians and persons hors de combat; implementation and participated in various external events that addressed the legal
    enforcement). It was officially presented in Geneva on 17 March 2005 issues raised by these companies.
    and launched at conferences in London, The Hague, Oslo,
    Washington, Montreal, Brussels and New Delhi. The study was Moreover, the ICRC cooperated closely with the Swiss Federal
    also presented at a variety of national and international forums, Department of Foreign Affairs on the launch of an intergovern-
    academic conferences and internal meetings. mental initiative on this topic in 2005. The initiative aims to con-
    tribute to an intergovernmental discussion of the issues raised by
    The study is the result of almost ten years of work. It is unique in the use of private military and security companies, to reaffirm and
    that it represents the first global and thorough assessment of cus- clarify the existing obligations of States and such companies, and
    tomary IHL. It has shown in particular that many rules that as to study and develop options and regulatory models and other
    treaty law only apply in international armed conflicts also apply in appropriate measures at the national and possibly regional or
    non-international armed conflicts as a matter of customary law. international levels.
    This should ultimately enhance the protection of the victims of
    such conflicts. The study will therefore be a useful tool for a variety IHL and human rights law
    of groups, including States, armed forces, academics, govern- The ICRC continued throughout 2005 to contribute to the debates
    mental and non-governmental organizations, and national and of the UN Human Rights Commission and of its Sub-commission.
    international tribunals.
    In 2005, the ICRC took part in the final stages of negotiations
    Direct participation in hostilities leading to the adoption, by a working group of the UN Commission
    In October 2005, the Legal Division, together with the Hague- on Human Rights, of a draft international convention for the pro-
    based TMC Asser Institute, held a third informal meeting of tection of all persons from enforced disappearance that will be
    experts aimed at exploring the notion of “direct participation in submitted to the Commission and later to the UN General Assembly
    hostilities under IHL”. The need to clarify the status and treatment for adoption. The ICRC was able to provide substantive input for
    of civilians who have taken a direct part in hostilities pertains to the draft, suggesting a number of provisions on preventive pro-
    all types of armed conflicts and has been specifically raised in the tection (registration of detainees and notification of their families)
    legal debates on the “war on terror”. The aim of the process is to and supporting the mention of the right of families to know the
    provide interpretive guidance on the notion of “direct participation”. fate of their members.

    Improving compliance with IHL The ICRC also participated in negotiations leading to the adop-
    Although the international community has made noteworthy tion by the Commission on Human Rights of the Basic Principles
    progress in taking preventive action and repressing violations of and Guidelines on the Right to a Remedy and Reparation for

    27
    INTERNATIONAL LAW AND COOPERATION WITHIN THE MOVEMENT

    Victims of Gross Violations of International Human Rights Law practical guidelines for assessing whether those seeking to acquire
    and Serious Violations of International Humanitarian Law. weapons will respect IHL.

    During the 60th session of the UN General Assembly, the ICRC


    paid particular attention to legal developments, such as the ongoing ARCHIVES
    negotiations in the Sixth Committee on the draft comprehensive
    convention on international terrorism and the protocol to the In 2005, the Archives Division handled 2,600 requests from
    1994 Convention on the Safety of United Nations and Associated victims of past armed conflicts and their next-of-kin for official
    Personnel. It also continued to take part in meetings of the documents such as attestations of detention, mostly related to
    Council of Europe’s Committee of Experts on Terrorism, which the Second World War but also concerning the First World War or
    adopted a new European Convention on Terrorism, and took part conflicts that occurred after 1950.
    as an observer in meetings of the Council of Europe’s Committee
    of Legal Advisers on Public International law. The ICRC’s Rules governing access to the archives of the ICRC
    stipulate that ICRC archives are subject to a protective embargo
    Finally, the Legal Division pursued efforts to clarify the interplay for a general period of 40 years and an extended period of 60 years.
    of IHL and human rights law in protecting victims of violence. Hence, the 1951–1965 archives are the most recent records to be
    In this context it developed a commentary on procedural princi- opened to the general public for consultation.
    ples and safeguards for internment/administrative detention in
    armed conflicts and other situations of violence. The ICRC is aware of the value of its archives for historical research
    and strives continuously to facilitate access to them and to improve
    Biotechnology, weapons and humanity its services. During the year, the Archives Division responded to
    The ICRC continued its efforts to promote awareness of the rules some 850 requests for information on the ICRC’s film and paper
    prohibiting poisoning and the deliberate spread of disease and the archives and received researchers in its reading room for the
    urgent need for vigilance to prevent the rapid developments in the equivalent of 300 working days. In cooperation with Memoriav,
    life sciences from being misused to undermine those norms. the Division produced a DVD entitled Humanitaire et Cinéma:
    Efforts focused on encouraging those working in the life sciences films CICR des années 1920, which was launched in April 2005
    and industry to take practical steps to ensure that these rules are at the Nyon Film Festival Visions du Réel. It also responded to
    respected, such as adopting “codes of conduct” which would 1,200 internal requests from other ICRC units.
    reflect the moral and legal responsibilities of “scientists” to pre-
    vent misuse of their knowledge and products for hostile purposes. The purpose of the organization’s historical research activities is
    to make its background more widely known. The primary objec-
    In 2005 the ICRC convened a round table in Moscow, in partner- tive set for 2005 was to continue writing up the history of the
    ship with the Russian Academy of Sciences, and a regional round ICRC for the years 1945–1965. In addition to carrying out that
    table in Kuala Lumpur. The event in Russia was attended by rele- task, members of the historical research team attended meetings
    vant national officials and scientists while the meeting in Malaysia of historians and published articles in scientific reviews.
    brought together some 40 life science experts, government officials
    and academics from twelve countries in the region. Reports on all ICRC activities, registers of official decisions and
    legal and operational correspondence have been stored since 1863,
    The Principles of Practice for life scientists and those who employ the year in which the ICRC was founded. In 2005, the Division
    them, developed by the ICRC in cooperation with a range of finalized an emergency plan to rescue the archives in case of dis-
    scientific experts, were published in 2005 and used as a basis for aster. It also prepared an extensive programme for restoring the
    discussion during the events described above; they were also pre- archives of the First World War, which will be launched as a pilot
    sented to the Expert Meeting of States Parties to the Biological project in 2006.
    Weapons Convention convened to draw up codes of conduct for
    science and industry. Between 2003 and 2005, the Archives Division created some
    20,000 current files. In 2005 it secured an additional 150 linear metres
    Small arms and light weapons of records transferred from headquarters units and delegations.
    To enhance the protection of civilians during and after armed
    conflicts, the ICRC continued to promote measures aimed at Progress was also made towards enhancing the ICRC’s electronic
    achieving a long-term reduction in the availability of arms to records management system.
    violators of IHL and to prevent the misuse of weapons. It took
    part in the two final sessions of negotiations at the UN on a new
    international instrument to facilitate identification and tracing
    of illicit small arms. In July 2005, it also participated in the
    Biennial Meeting of States on the UN Programme of Action on
    the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons. It urged States
    to develop a global system of control to prevent the trade of illicit
    arms and international standards to regulate arms transfers. The
    ICRC continued to encourage States to include in national and
    international arms transfer policies and laws a requirement not to
    transfer weapons if they are likely to be used for serious violations
    of IHL. Within the context of the European Union Code of Conduct
    on Arms Exports, the ICRC contributed to the development of

    28
    communication
    The Communication Department seeks to ensure that an accurate ARMED, SECURITY AND POLICE FORCES,
    image of the ICRC’s mandate and activities is projected through- AND OTHER BEARERS OF WEAPONS
    out the world and to promote more widespread respect for IHL.
    Particular emphasis is placed on ensuring that key messages of The ICRC strives to ensure that the rank and file of armed, secu-
    humanitarian concern are communicated to those who can help or rity and police forces know and apply IHL and human rights law in
    hinder ICRC action, or influence the fate of victims of armed conflict their daily practice, and that other weapon bearers respect IHL and
    and other situations of violence. The aim is to strengthen the ICRC’s support, or refrain from actively opposing, humanitarian action.
    ability to gain access to and help those most in need. The ICRC
    engages both in public communication, which aims to mobilize key Throughout 2005, the ICRC consolidated its relations with the
    stakeholders to act on pressing humanitarian issues, and preventive armed forces of various countries, and with NATO forces trained
    action, which aims to ensure that IHL is integrated into the doctrine, for overseas deployment. To enhance understanding of the ICRC’s
    education and training of the armed forces and the curricula of role and its operational procedures among US officers, the organ-
    schools and universities. ization introduced a comprehensive dissemination programme that
    was implemented by a specialized delegate posted in Washington.
    The ICRC recognizes the strategic importance of communication To the same end, closer contacts were also established with the
    and the need to integrate it into all decision-making processes and British and French armed forces. In addition, relations were fur-
    activities, both at headquarters and in the field. ther consolidated with military academies and institutes. The new
    interactive DVD for police forces, To Serve and to Protect, rapidly
    Throughout 2005, the ICRC continued to focus its efforts on those became the ICRC’s main tool for teaching human rights law
    in a position to influence humanitarian action, whether positively worldwide. It is now available in three languages, English, Russian
    or negatively, particularly weapon bearers and opinion leaders. and Spanish.
    Contact with such groups is essential to the organization’s efforts
    to foster understanding of and respect for its role and the rights In 2005, the ICRC finalized two new publications, Understanding
    and needs of those affected by armed conflict, and to sustain arms carriers and Integrating the law, which will be published in
    public support for its work. 2006. Understanding arms carriers is, as its name suggests, designed
    to give new ICRC delegates a better understanding of arms carriers.
    In 2005 the organization concentrated on communicating infor- Integrating the law is designed to enhance officers’ knowledge of
    mation on major humanitarian crises, such as the South Asia IHL and human rights law and help them translate the rules into
    earthquake, and urging respect for the rules of law protecting operational conduct.
    people affected by armed conflicts, such as those in Sudan and
    Iraq. Additionally, it devoted much attention to explaining the The organization also drafted guidelines on relations with non-
    ICRC’s standard working procedures for visits to persons detained State actors in an effort to establish a dialogue with political and
    in relation to armed conflict, and to enhancing people’s under- armed groups and to strengthen their acceptance of the ICRC and
    standing of and respect for the organization’s neutral, independent respect for IHL.
    and purely humanitarian role. To reach key audiences, the organ-
    ization used a multimedia approach, expanding its website and The San Remo Institute, especially its military department, con-
    producing professional communication materials. tinued to receive financial and technical assistance and advice from
    the ICRC. In 2005, some 130 military officers from over 50 coun-
    tries received ICRC scholarships to attend nine military courses
    on IHL in San Remo.

    29
    COMMUNICATION

    The ICRC’s delegates-general met with the various heads of after an ICRC press release on this topic – to the organization’s
    the US Unified Combatant Commands as part of the organiza- ambition to have access to all individuals held by the USA in
    tion’s relations with the US armed forces. A meeting held in relation to the “war on terror”.
    Norfolk (Virginia), in June 2005, between the ICRC’s Director
    of Operations and the Commander of Central Command Broadly speaking, this provided an opportunity to explain the
    (CENTCOM) at the NATO Conference, was an important step. ICRC’s working methods in places of detention and the difference
    A second meeting was organized in November to discuss doctri- the organization can make.
    nal and operational concerns.
    Events in the field and the continuing humanitarian problems
    The ICRC also took part in over 10 international military in Afghanistan, Iraq, Israel and the Palestinian territories and
    exercises in Europe and similar events elsewhere in the world. It Sudan continued to fuel public interest in the ICRC’s activities
    attended NATO exercises in Turkey and Norway (“Allied Action”), and positions. Unusually, 2005 saw the ICRC respond to two nat-
    the Netherlands (“Allied Warrior”) and Thailand (“Cobra Gold”). ural disasters that occurred in areas where it was present because
    The organization’s aim was to ensure that the relevant IHL prin- of armed conflicts. The organization promptly dispatched com-
    ciples were included in the planning of military scenarios, to munication staff to emergency operations in Aceh, Indonesia and
    spread knowledge of its mandate and activities and to participate Sri Lanka following the Asian tsunami, and to Islamabad and
    in role-playing during the exercises. Muzaffarabad following the devastating earthquake that struck
    Pakistan. Regular bulletins on ICRC activities were part of a wider
    Implementation of the ICRC’s project on missing persons, scheduled Movement public communication effort that included many
    to run from 2003 to 2007, remained on course. Work continued National Societies and the International Federation.
    on the implementation of best practices, such as providing the
    means of identification for members of armed forces, communi- The Swiss government’s resumption, in April 2005, of consul-
    cation with family members and the proper handling of human tations with States on the possible convocation of a diplomatic
    remains. To collect information for the project, ICRC staff respon- conference to adopt a third Protocol additional to the Geneva
    sible for relations with local armed and security forces conducted Conventions created a communication challenge peculiar to the
    a survey of the situation in 39 countries. Subsequently, the organ- Movement. The process, and its objective of creating an additional
    ization began producing an information kit to be used in its emblem alongside the red cross and red crescent, sparked public
    efforts to support the armed forces in preventing and/or resolving interest and confusion. The ICRC remained reactive in its public
    the problem of missing persons amongst their personnel and communication as the diplomatic and political process unfolded.
    other groups. It focused on support for the additional emblem as a means of
    strengthening humanitarian action and achieving greater univer-
    The ICRC continued to help run and devise IHL and human sality for the Movement. The eventual adoption of Additional
    rights training programmes for armed, security and police forces. Protocol III in the early hours of 8 December 2005 will have com-
    These activities, conducted by 22 specialized ICRC delegates munication implications for the ICRC for many years to come.
    backed up by a multinational network of officer-instructors, raised
    training standards in over 100 countries. By establishing a regional communication post at its Kuwait del-
    egation, the ICRC was able to strengthen links markedly with
    regional Arab media based in the Gulf region.
    RELATIONS WITH THE MEDIA
    Using content gathered in the field, the organization regularly
    The question of how to confront the threat of terrorism without produced audio-visual, audio and photographic material and
    unduly restricting the rights and dignity of individuals remained texts on a variety of themes and activities, distributed them to
    a matter of interest to the world’s media. The detention of sus- media and National Societies worldwide, and posted them on its
    pects at undisclosed locations, the transfer and detention of people website (www.icrc.org).
    (“rendition”) outside identifiable legal processes, the torture and
    ill-treatment of detainees and access for terror suspects to due A well-attended meeting of ICRC and National Society media
    process featured prominently on the media and public agendas officers organized at the ICRC’s headquarters illustrated the
    in many regions. The media focused particular attention on the importance both sides attach to regular exchanges of information
    US concerning these issues. The perceived actions of the US at the and coordination of activities. A positive feature of the meeting was
    Guantanamo Bay Naval Station in Cuba and other places of deten- the first-ever participation by the National Societies of Croatia,
    tion occasionally provoked strong reactions, as evidenced by the Poland, Qatar and Turkey. Noticeably, a growing number of
    riots in Afghanistan following media reports of alleged mishan- National Societies are focusing on the Movement’s international
    dling of the Koran in Guantanamo Bay and the heated debate activities and IHL as a key part of their public identity.
    – particularly in Europe – regarding secret CIA detention sites.
    The ICRC Press Unit, together with the Legal Division, continued
    Willingly or not, the ICRC was, and is, part of this debate by virtue to provide expert advice to journalists’ organizations endeav-
    of its activities and positions on humanitarian matters. Through- ouring to strengthen the protection of media professionals on
    out 2005, the organization’s pronouncements and actions con- dangerous assignments. In particular, the ICRC advised an inter-
    cerning particular contexts had repercussions extending far national enquiry, initiated by the International News Safety
    beyond those contexts. Previously leaked confidential ICRC Institute, on the issue.
    documents were regularly quoted and the ICRC was often pre-
    sented as a key reference on detention issues. The most relevant
    new development was the media’s attention – nearly two years

    30
    ICRC ANNUAL REPORT 2005

    DECISION-MAKERS set up by independent organizations, such as the Jean Pictet


    AND OPINION-FORMERS Competition.

    One of the aims of the Communication Department is to ensure As part of its cooperation with its university partners, the ICRC
    that key decision-makers and opinion-leaders facilitate the activ- jointly organized an advanced seminar, “IHL in current conflicts”,
    ities of the ICRC because they perceive it as a credible, independent with the Harvard Program on Humanitarian Policy and Conflict
    and effective humanitarian organization working closely with Research. The event provided an opportunity for mid-career
    people affected by armed conflict worldwide, and because it is a professionals from UN, NGO, diplomatic, academic, media and
    source of knowledge about IHL and humanitarian issues. Another military communities to acquire and refine the skills needed to
    aim is to raise decision-makers’ and opinion-leaders’ awareness of use IHL as the basis for addressing humanitarian challenges.
    the significance of IHL, and to encourage their active support for Together with the University Centre for International Humanitarian
    its implementation. Throughout 2005, efforts were made to raise Law, the ICRC also organized an IHL training course for diplo-
    awareness and create a deeper understanding of the ICRC and its mats and NGO professionals.
    work. The ICRC website was invaluable in this respect, providing
    a wealth of information on the organization’s operations, IHL and Further progress was made towards adapting existing teaching
    other topics. tools and developing new ones to facilitate IHL instruction in uni-
    versities. The French-language version of the comprehensive IHL
    The ICRC Visitors’ Service continued to raise awareness of the casebook, How does law protect in war?, published in mid-2003
    ICRC and IHL and to liaise with present and future decision- under the title Un droit dans la guerre?, was actively promoted in
    makers and opinion-leaders. In 2005, the Service received some the French-speaking world. The second English edition of the
    10,000 visitors from a wide range of backgrounds (diplomatic casebook will be available in January 2006. This expanded text
    circles, international organizations and NGOs, armed forces, provides professors, practitioners and students with the most
    National Societies, media, universities and schools). updated and comprehensive selection of documents on IHL avail-
    able. ICRC delegations in the field were also active in developing
    Academic circles context-specific course materials for academic circles.
    As present and future decision-makers and opinion-leaders, uni-
    versity professors and students are key stakeholders for the ICRC. Youth
    The organization is increasingly capitalizing on the leverage that ICRC communication activities for young people concentrate on
    university professors have with decision-makers, relying on its those in educational institutions and those involved, or at risk of
    contacts in academia to deliver key messages concerning the ICRC being involved, in armed conflicts or other situations of violence.
    and IHL. In targeting university students, the ICRC endeavours to The ICRC has launched two large-scale programmes for young
    enhance their understanding of the practical relevance of IHL and people in formal education settings – the Exploring Humanitarian
    their knowledge of its basic principles. The purpose is ultimately Law (EHL) programme, and the secondary-school programme
    to prepare them to ensure implementation of and respect for IHL, for CIS member countries. Through these programmes, the ICRC
    influence the humanitarian debate, promote the development of actively promotes the integration of IHL education at the
    existing law and to support ICRC activities in their professional secondary-school level. It is also involved in developing and pro-
    lives. Accordingly, the organization promotes the integration of moting activities, such as “Raid Cross” (see “Other programmes
    IHL into the curricula of leading universities around the world. and initiatives” below), outside the formal educational system.
    All but five ICRC delegations had initiated programmes targeting In certain contexts, the ICRC communicates with young people
    academic circles by the end of 2005. outside educational structures to facilitate ICRC operations and
    disseminate basic IHL rules. In 2005, it began studying the feasi-
    The ICRC continued to provide IHL training for university stu- bility and utility of developing institution-wide strategies and
    dents and professors by organizing, financing and moderating tools to facilitate communication with these young people.
    national and regional courses and seminars. Acting often in part-
    nership with National Societies and/or universities, it organized Exploring Humanitarian Law
    regional IHL courses for advanced students and junior faculty In 2001 the ICRC introduced its Exploring Humanitarian Law
    from Africa (English and French-speaking courses), the Arab world, (EHL) teaching module for secondary schools, in the belief that
    the Balkans, Central Asia, member countries of the Commonwealth learning humanitarian norms is good preparation for responsible
    of Independent States (CIS), Europe and North America (English and informed adulthood. By promoting the teaching of the human-
    and French-speaking courses), and South, South-East and East itarian principles applicable to armed conflict and other situations
    Asia. As in previous years, the ICRC provided expertise and of violence, the programme also fosters social awareness among
    financial or documentary support for a number of postgraduate young people and an understanding of the rules that govern peace-
    programmes on IHL around the world. ful coexistence, in particular the respect that is due to life and
    human dignity, both in extreme situations and in our daily lives.
    It also encouraged the holding of moot-court competitions in
    IHL, since they offer students a unique opportunity, through a To make IHL an integral part of formal secondary education, the
    series of role-playing exercises, to test and build upon the theo- ICRC and National Society work in close cooperation with the
    retical knowledge they have acquired in the classroom. In addition educational authorities of the country concerned. At the end of
    to national competitions held in 10 different contexts, the ICRC 2005, the organization was implementing EHL pilot projects in
    and local partners organized regional moot courts in China 34 countries and considering them for realization in 65 other
    (Hong Kong), Hungary, Kazakhstan, the Russian Federation, countries across the globe. Four regional programme advisers
    Senegal, Tanzania, the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (covering Latin America, the Middle East and North Africa,
    and Ukraine. The ICRC also supported international moot courts Central, Eastern and Southern Europe and Asia) continued to

    31
    COMMUNICATION

    provide guidance to ICRC delegations, worked to ensure a coher- PREVENTIVE MINE-ACTION OPERATIONS
    ent institutional approach to implementation in their regions, and
    promoted networking and the exchange of experiences among The aim of the ICRC’s preventive mine-action operations is to
    implementing partners. To ensure the programme’s success, the ensure that the Movement has the skills and capacity to reduce the
    ICRC worked with ministries of education and National Societies incidence of death and injury and to limit the socio-economic
    to consolidate it on the basis of identified best practices. It con- impact caused by landmines and explosive remnants of war
    tinued to provide academic, technical and financial assistance for (ERW). To achieve this aim, the ICRC draws on a wide range of
    translation, teacher training and materials. To foster the sharing of skills and capacities from within the Movement, capitalizing on
    experience and build confidence, the organization held several local National Society networks wherever possible. Operations are
    regional and sub-regional meetings with educational authorities adapted to each context, but normally include a flexible combi-
    and the National Society personnel responsible for introducing nation of incident data-gathering, mine-risk education and mine-
    the programme at country level. Moreover, the ICRC and the Red risk reduction by providing alternative water and fuel sources, safe
    Cross European Union Office organized a meeting on EHL and play areas for children, and the application of other practical
    EU Education Strategies for European National Societies involved measures. The ICRC also works to halt the use of anti-personnel
    in the programme’s implementation in December 2005. The meet- mines and to encourage those responsible to cooperate in locating
    ing offered National Societies a platform for discussion of the and clearing contaminated areas.
    pledge they made at the 28th International Conference of the Red
    Cross and Red Crescent to promote the programme. In 2005, the ICRC implemented preventive mine-action opera-
    tions in 27 contexts, either directly or by providing National
    The progress achieved in 2005 demonstrated the educational Societies with expert guidance, training and technical know-how.
    value of the EHL programme and its strong universal resonance Three regional mine-action advisers were responsible for pro-
    among young people and their teachers. Particular challenges viding technical advice and backing for the planning and imple-
    were noted again in 2005 in relation to financial assistance, train- mentation of preventive mine-action operations (covering Asia
    ing for teachers and instructors, and other forms of support. With and the Pacific, the Middle East and North Africa, Eastern and
    funding from the Government of the Netherlands, the ICRC has Western Europe).
    conceptualized and begun to develop an internet-based support
    structure that should meet the training needs of teachers, pro- In Iraq, the National Society continued its mine-risk education
    viding them with EHL-related news, information, teaching aids drive, whenever the security situation permitted, by distributing
    and distance-learning tools. The Virtual Campus will be launched materials to heighten public awareness. In Afghanistan, where
    in 2006. the ICRC has remained a key player, the organization carried on
    feeding data collected on mine and ERW incidents into the
    Other programmes and initiatives National Mine-Action Programme, while helping the National
    Continuing support was provided for the textbook-based secondary- Society pursue its community-based mine-risk education activi-
    school programme on IHL in CIS countries (Armenia, Azerbaijan, ties. Concurrently, discussions were initiated to ensure a long-
    Georgia, Kyrgyzstan, the Russian Federation, Tajikistan and term role for the Afghan Red Crescent as part of the planned
    Uzbekistan). By the end of 2005, IHL had been incorporated into handover of mine action by the UN to the government in 2006.
    the secondary-school curriculum in Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, In Angola, the ICRC further developed the National Society’s
    Kyrgyzstan, the Russian Federation and Uzbekistan, with varying capabilities through training and other capacity-building work,
    degrees of binding force. With educational reforms under way in ahead of its planned long-term role as an integrated element of
    many of these contexts, the ICRC has closely monitored the the Angolan national mine action strategy. Existing preventive
    process to ensure that IHL is covered in new education standards mine-action operations were further developed in Azerbaijan,
    and manuals. Bosnia and Herzegovina, Iran and the Russian Federation
    (Chechnya), with a particular focus on practical risk-reduction
    The ICRC exit strategy drafted in 2003 provides for the handover measures and capacity building. Sustained technical support was
    to the national educational authorities, by 2007, of full responsi- also given to the Red Cross Societies in Albania, Colombia,
    bility for the teaching of IHL. The challenge of the handover Jordan, India, Nepal, Kosovo, Myanmar, Nicaragua and Tajikistan,
    phase is to concentrate solely on activities likely to ensure that IHL all of which implemented preventive programmes in 2005.
    education continues beyond 2007 independent of significant
    ICRC involvement. The ICRC pursued constructive dialogue with the main interna-
    tional mine-action organizations, such as the UN Mine Action
    In 2005, the ICRC helped develop and promote “Raid Cross”, Service, UNICEF, UNDP, international NGOs and the Geneva
    an outdoor IHL activity designed by the Belgian Red Cross- International Centre for Humanitarian Demining. It is partici-
    Communauté francophone and the French Red Cross to intro- pating in the review and updating of the International Mine
    duce scouts aged 12–18 to the basic principles of IHL through Action Standards, and monitoring developments and outcomes
    role-play. In April 2005, the ICRC signed an agreement on “Raid from the Global Mine Impact Survey. In addition, it has installed
    Cross” with the two National Societies, the World Organization of and started to use the Information Management System for Mine
    the Scout Movement and the International Federation. “Raid Action, thus improving data compatibility with other mine-action
    Cross” was successfully pilot-tested during the European Scout players.
    Jamboree in 2005. ICRC delegations have been requested to sup-
    port National Societies in providing IHL training to “Raid Cross” In 2005, the ICRC adopted a new preventive mine-action opera-
    game leaders and furnishing IHL-related documents. tions policy. Work has already begun to introduce the necessary
    tools, training, guidelines and general culture to ensure the policy’s

    32
    ICRC ANNUAL REPORT 2005

    successful and coherent implementation. This work will continue staff, and offered media training for middle-management staff. A
    through 2007. The policy emphasizes a broad approach to dealing new media workshop was designed for senior-management staff
    with the impact of mines and ERW, and seeks to use the full range at headquarters and will be held for the first time in 2006.
    of ICRC expertise in scenarios where the organization, in partic-
    ular, can make a real difference. In situations where full-scale mine A survey of management and communication staff from head-
    action is under way, the ICRC has clearly defined the action it quarters and in the field highlighted the strategic role of commu-
    will undertake to ensure that National Societies play an effective nication in ICRC operations, and the wide range of skills required
    long-term role in combating the mine and ERW problem in their to run communication programmes. A course has been developed
    own countries as part of an integrated national plan. to give newly appointed communication staff the basic elements
    needed to analyse communication needs, to plan strategies that
    better respond to operational priorities and to combine the vari-
    COMMUNICATION RESEARCH, ous communication approaches more effectively. The first course
    METHODOLOGY AND FIELD SUPPORT will be tested in 2006.

    The ICRC aims to ensure that its programmes are effective in pre- The monitoring of perceptions of the ICRC and humanitarian
    venting violations of IHL and in influencing those who decide the action has taken on particular relevance in many contexts where
    fate of people affected by war. In 2005, it began to draft a preven- there is a risk that the organization’s activities will be misunder-
    tion policy which will serve as a comprehensive framework for stood. In 2005, the communication management course, including
    its activities designed to prevent violations of IHL and other fun- practical training on conducting surveys on perception, was con-
    damental rules that protect people in situations of violence. To ducted for communication staff in Africa. The course included a
    accomplish this task, the ICRC has identified general trends and survey in Nairobi of how the ICRC’s operations in the Horn of
    challenges facing its preventive activities, and studied prevention Africa were perceived. Thereafter, surveys were also conducted in
    policies in related domains. It has also analysed and updated relevant the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ethiopia and Nigeria.
    policies and guidelines, and taken stock of its prevention activities. Similar surveys were carried out in Israel and Eastern Europe
    An external consultant has furnished recommendations on mon- (Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia and the Russian Federation) to
    itoring and evaluation. The policy will draw upon the results of better understand the positioning of the ICRC.
    the ICRC’s study, Roots of Behaviour in War. The study examines
    the behaviour of combatants in armed conflicts to determine The frequent discrepancy between the ICRC’s desired and per-
    whether the ICRC’s preventive policies take sufficient account of ceived identity, in particular with regard to its protection man-
    the characteristics of weapon bearers. It concludes that: date, has prompted delegations to pay renewed attention to
    IHL must be treated as a legal and political matter, rather operational communication, whose aim is to gain acceptance and
    than a moral one, and its dissemination must focus more on security for ICRC operations and access to those affected by
    norms than on their underlying values, because the idea that armed conflict and violence. The organization is working to gather
    a combatant is morally autonomous is mistaken; experiences in operational communication to develop this activity
    greater respect for IHL is possible only if weapon bearers are further in 2006.
    properly trained, and if their conduct is regulated by strict
    orders and effective sanctions put in place to check the
    contravention of those orders; NATIONAL RED CROSS
    the ICRC must state very clearly why it seeks to promote IHL AND RED CRESCENT SOCIETIES
    and prevent violations: to impart knowledge, modify attitudes
    or influence behaviour. National Societies have a specific responsibility to promote IHL and
    its underlying principles in their respective countries in general,
    In 2005, the ICRC continued to promote the study, worked to and among their members in particular. The Movement’s Statutes
    incorporate lessons learnt into the training of its delegates and require the ICRC to act as a catalyst and an adviser in this respect.
    focused on maintaining a network of contacts within academic
    and humanitarian circles. The ICRC, either directly from headquarters or through its dele-
    gations, supported National Societies by providing them with
    Headquarters support for communication in the field concen- publications and audio-visual products, as well as courses on IHL
    trated on reinforcing the delegations’ capacity to deal with and advice on the development of dissemination strategies.
    increasingly complex environments where communication is cru-
    cial to strengthening the ICRC’s ability to operate. Regional meet- Growing public interest in IHL and other humanitarian issues
    ings were held in each operational zone to take stock of emerging prompted the Movement’s components to improve their activities
    communication challenges and adapt existing strategies. A dozen in this area. In 2005, the ICRC continued to study ways in which it
    priority delegations, such as Uganda, Haiti and Sudan, benefited can best provide support to National Societies in this domain. In
    from a support mission to improve the integration of communi- September 2005, the ICRC and the five Nordic National Societies
    cation into ICRC operations. formalized their strategic partnership in the field of communicat-
    ing IHL and neutral and independent humanitarian action by
    The yearly courses on “Communicating IHL and the Fundamental concluding a memorandum of understanding.
    Principles”, “Production Supervision”, “Communication
    Management” and “Media Relations” were conducted for 40 ICRC
    communication staff. The Department also provided support to
    other institutional courses for new delegates and headquarters

    33
    COMMUNICATION

    LIBRARY AND RESEARCH SERVICE a website even more attuned to the demands of key target audi-
    ences such as opinion leaders and the general public. The rela-
    The Library and Research Service strives to promote knowledge tionship between the main institutional English and French sites
    of the ICRC, IHL, humanitarian activities and other issues of and the other five language versions, managed through commu-
    humanitarian concern by helping users inside and outside the nication centres in delegations, remained strong. Global consulta-
    ICRC find relevant information and documentation. To help the tion of the website continued to rise during 2005, with traffic
    ICRC analyse its activities and develop its strategies, the Service across sites increasing by more than 48% over 2004. The number
    provides comprehensive information on the contexts in which the of hits peaked at the beginning of the year in the wake of the Asian
    organization operates and offers guidance on sources of infor- tsunami and in the autumn with hurricane Katrina and the South
    mation. In addition, it runs a reference desk and provides access Asia earthquake.
    to its collection of over 140,000 items (books, periodicals, photo-
    graphs and videos) and external databases. Each year, the Service As part of the ICRC’s objective to raise awareness and influence
    responds to over 3,000 requests from sources such as National attitudes on issues of importance to the organization, a research
    Societies, NGOs, academics, government departments and the plan was developed by the Marketing Unit incorporating three
    media for information on IHL-related issues and ICRC opera- separate large-scale studies. The first research initiative is designed
    tional activities. to enable the ICRC to better identify its key target audiences at
    global and regional levels and to understand their communication
    A systematic approach to tracking external trends and issues needs. The second project is designed to measure perceptions of
    enabled the Library and Research Service to provide ICRC staff and attitudes towards humanitarian action, the humanitarian
    with pertinent and timely information throughout 2005. The environment, the ICRC logo and the emblems. Both projects will
    Service played an essential role in providing context-specific be completed in 2006 and the results will be used to develop the
    information for delegates before their departure for the field, and ICRC’s communication strategies. In addition, the ICRC partici-
    in drawing their attention to services and information sources pated for the second year in the annual Gallup Voice of the People
    that they could have access to while on mission. It also maintained omnibus survey, which measures the views of approximately 1 billion
    a daily press-monitoring service and alerted ICRC staff to new global citizens. This year, the survey focused on the ICRC’s iden-
    academic publications, reports and databases. tity and attitudes towards neutral and independent humanitarian
    action. The research results provided an incisive view from global,
    In 2005, the Service undertook a two-year programme to digi- regional and country-specific perspectives.
    talize the ICRC’s photograph collection. This is the first step in a
    project to launch a web version of the entire photograph cata- The ICRC produced a print and television advertisement focusing
    logue in the coming years. The Service also cooperated more on detention, which will be released in 2006. The advertisement
    closely with four regional delegations to enhance its capacity to contributes to the global debate on detention, reinforcing the role
    monitor issues from local and global perspectives. of the Geneva Conventions and the need to abide by their rules.

    PRODUCTION, WEB AND MARKETING MULTILINGUAL COMMUNICATION

    Developing, producing and promoting credible and consistent In keeping with the universal dimension of its independent and
    products and an ICRC image were priorities for the Production, humanitarian role, the ICRC communicates with a wide range of
    Multimedia and Distribution Unit and the Marketing Unit in 2005. actors and audiences at local, regional and international levels. In
    order to optimize the impact of its communication, the ICRC
    The integrated, multimedia approach adopted in 2004 was imple- focused in 2005 on ensuring the use of the appropriate wording
    mented in 2005. As part of this approach, new corporate guide- and language for its various target audiences worldwide. Coherent
    lines were distributed to all delegations and headquarters staff to and consistent use of appropriate terminology made an important
    improve recognition of ICRC communication products by target contribution to the effectiveness of ICRC communication. The
    audiences. These guidelines also incorporate templates for field fact that the ICRC website exists in seven languages is evidence
    publications so that delegations can produce such publications of this capacity.
    more easily. The Production, Multimedia and Distribution Unit
    also produced several multimedia projects which enhanced aware-
    ness of ICRC operations and programmes worldwide. Efforts
    continued, in conjunction with an external stock-management
    partner, to streamline distribution of ICRC products in the most
    cost-effective manner possible.

    Efforts also continued in 2005 to make www.icrc.org, the ICRC’s


    institutional website, more responsive to both operational needs
    and public communication requirements. Functionalities were
    further improved with the launch of services such as the RSS feed
    (a system that makes it possible to deliver newly published press
    releases and other documents directly to people’s desktops), while
    editorial content was developed to help strengthen the ICRC’s
    positioning as a global and independent humanitarian organiza-
    tion. The Web3G project continued with the aim of fashioning

    34
    human
    resources
    The Human Resources Department is responsible for ensuring that To that end, the ICRC commissioned a large-scale survey of
    the ICRC has a sufficient pool of trained staff to meet its operational 9,000 delegation employees in 250 sites around the world. A plan
    needs worldwide. It recruits, trains and supervises the career devel- of action based on the results will be implemented in 2006.
    opment of staff. Its policies are geared towards raising professional
    standards, developing the particular skills required for humanitarian In 2005 the Department launched a project to replace its 12-year-
    work and promoting and supporting the management of staff through old IT tool. An in-depth assessment of human-resource manage-
    its professional hierarchy. The Department strives to promote inter- ment processes was carried out to help select an IT system that
    nal cohesion within the ICRC by encouraging staff to identify with meets the ICRC’s specific needs. The new IT tool will be deployed
    the organization’s visions and objectives. The ICRC is an equal in 2006.
    opportunity employer.

    The Human Resources Department recruits staff, plans their BROADENING THE RECRUITMENT BASE
    assignments and supervises their management and career devel-
    opment. In 2005, major crises like the tsunami and the earth- The ICRC remained a very attractive employer in 2005: staff
    quake in South Asia occasioned a considerable increase in the turnover remained at around 9%, and the number of applications
    number of field posts. In November, 10,107 delegation employees increased. As a result, the ICRC could afford to be more selective
    (daily workers not included) and 1,628 expatriates were working while broadening its recruitment base.
    in the field, an increase of 14% and 16%, respectively, over the
    previous year. Restructuring of the Department and improvements The number of newly hired staff remained stable at around 300
    in its planning and skills-assessment processes enabled the ICRC overall. In response to operational needs, however, the ICRC
    to respond effectively to the crises. recruited 14% more delegates than in 2004, giving preference to
    applicants with knowledge of Arabic and Russian.

    MEETING FUTURE CHALLENGES


    STAFF DIVERSITY
    In response to staff expectations and the demands of an increas-
    ingly complex and unpredictable environment, the ICRC continued In keeping with the ICRC’s policy of enhancing the international
    to implement RH2006, an ambitious programme set up in 2004 character of its staff, around 75% of newly recruited delegates
    to restructure human-resource management and improve the came from countries other than Switzerland. Overall, the pro-
    development of staff skills and the management of assignments. portion of non-Swiss expatriates rose to 59%.

    Thanks to the existence of a pool of personnel, the number of vacant Sixty per cent of the delegates recruited in 2005 were women, as
    field posts was kept to a rate of 1–2%. The number of people the ICRC continued to hire an increasing number of women del-
    involved in managing newly hired expatriates was reduced to ensure egates. However, women were still underrepresented among
    greater flexibility. To better guide the careers of managers, the senior staff, although the proportion increased to 18%, up from
    ICRC set up career assessment commissions designed to improve 5% in 1995. A woman was appointed gender-equality adviser to
    cooperation between the Department and the relevant managers. the Directorate, while the promotion of women to senior staff
    Another aim of RH2006 is to improve the management of del- positions was made a priority by the Operations and Human
    egation employees, who represent 80% of ICRC personnel, by Resources Departments. In addition, 50% of those proposed for
    providing them with greater opportunities to develop their skills. nomination to the post of head of delegation in 2005 and

    35
    HUMAN RESOURCES

    reviewed by the Career Assessment Commission for Senior Staff


    were women.

    TRAINING

    In 2005, the ICRC decided to review its training policy and inte-
    grate skills development into the management of career paths by
    strengthening dialogue between personnel managers and trainers.
    Preparations got under way to launch a management course in
    2006 to promote the professional development of managers and
    senior staff. Furthermore, over 250 managers attended in-house
    training courses covering such diverse topics as leadership, secu-
    rity and stress management, communication and presentation
    techniques.

    The ICRC began reassessing its introductory training course in


    2005 to adapt it to changes in the organization’s operational
    environment. The course, intended for all newly recruited expa-
    triates, was attended by 191 people in 2005, a third of them spe-
    cialists. Over 350 other staff members took part in introductory
    courses in ICRC decentralized training units in Amman, Bogotá,
    Colombo and Nairobi.

    36
    support
    resources and
    The Department of Resources and Operational Support provides
    operational In 2005, efforts focused on:
    support for field operations in terms of finance, administration, further improving financial reporting to field delegations;
    logistics and information systems. It is also responsible for raising implementing the 2006 simplified version of the cost-
    and managing funds for the ICRC as a whole. It works closely with accounting model;
    the Department of Operations to support field activities, while at the further streamlining the financial-control framework and
    same time maintaining close contact with donors to convey to them methodology and related responsibilities;
    the financial requirements of the ICRC. The Department conducts centralizing the custodianship and administration of the
    regular reviews to ensure that the support it provides to the field is ICRC’s international investment portfolio in order to manage
    in line with operational needs and verifies compliance by ICRC these assets more efficiently;
    delegations with institutional procedures. deploying the budget and accounting software in all
    the delegations in early 2006;
    launching the process of creating a data warehouse for
    DEPARTMENT OF RESOURCES reporting purposes covering the entire institution.
    AND OPERATIONAL SUPPORT
    Infrastructure management
    In 2005 the Department was mobilized to full capacity to respond The purpose of infrastructure management is to make sure the
    to large-scale emergency operations in several regions affected by necessary office space is available and to ensure long-term main-
    natural disaster. Lessons learnt from ICRC action in countries tenance of the entire infrastructure at a reasonable cost.
    affected by the tsunami (Sri Lanka and Indonesia) were integrated
    into operations to help earthquake victims in Kashmir (Pakistan). The first phase of the structural security upgrade at headquarters
    Overall, operational support and resource management per- was completed in 2005; work will continue to that end in 2006.
    formed well under sometimes difficult environmental and
    logistical conditions. From October to December, logistical The ICRC continued to suffer a shortage of working space, and
    capacity was severely stretched; the adoption of a flexible plans were considered to build extensions.
    approach and the mobilization of experienced staff from head-
    quarters and from delegations in many countries enabled the Information delivery
    ICRC to set up an operational infrastructure in Pakistan in a The ongoing objective in this area is to optimize the speed of
    timely and effective manner. information delivery while maintaining reasonable cost levels.

    Continuous improvements in donor reporting and management In 2005 implementation of the new radio-communication tool and
    information and control remained at the heart of efforts to ensure computerized information services related to radio-communication
    transparent communication with donors and proper monitoring was completed.
    of the use of financial resources.

    FUNDING
    FINANCE AND ADMINISTRATION
    All ICRC funding is coordinated by and channelled through the
    Financial management External Resources Division, which raises the funds needed by the
    The purpose of financial management is to provide the ICRC ICRC to carry out its humanitarian activities while ensuring the
    with reliable and cost-effective information, enabling it to make organization’s independent status. The ICRC seeks the widest
    sound financial decisions. possible range of predictable, sustained and flexible financial

    37
    RESOURCES AND OPERATIONAL SUPPORT

    support in order to meet its objectives. It guarantees that donor The ICRC’s operational flexibility was enhanced by the fact that
    requirements are met appropriately. a number of governments – including those of France, Italy, the
    Netherlands, Sweden, the United Kingdom and the United States –
    Budgets provided advance information on the level of funding and either
    The initial budget appeals for 2005, launched by the ICRC in did not earmark their contributions or did so in a relatively broad
    December 2004, totalled CHF 971.8 million. This was CHF 67.3 mil- fashion (mostly by region).
    lion higher than the preceding year’s overall budget. The largest
    increase was in the Emergency Appeals for ICRC field operations, The ICRC’s Donor Support Group (DSG) – made up of those
    which amounted to CHF 819.7 million in 2005, compared with governments contributing more than CHF 10 million in cash
    CHF 754.7 million in 2004, but the Headquarters Appeals also annually – comprised 16 members in 2005, namely the govern-
    registered an increase, totalling CHF 152.1 million in 2005, com- ments of Australia, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Finland, France,
    pared with CHF 149.8 million in 2004. Germany, Italy, Japan, the Netherlands, Norway, Sweden,
    Switzerland, the United Kingdom and the United States, and the
    In the course of the year, five budget extensions significantly European Commission. The 2005 meeting of the DSG was hosted
    increased the initial field budget in response to unforeseen by the Canadian Government.
    events and substantial humanitarian needs following the tsunami
    in Sri Lanka (CHF 7.9 million in January and CHF 14.7 million in Contributions in response to the Headquarters Appeal
    March) and Indonesia (CHF 17.6 million in January and A total of CHF 131.6 million was received in contributions for the
    CHF 12.2 million in March), and the earthquake in Pakistan headquarters budget: 122.2 million from 78 governments, 6.4 mil-
    (CHF 56.5 million in October). The final field budget for 2005 lion from 82 National Societies and 2.9 million from a number
    totalled CHF 928.6 million. of other private and public sources.

    Expenditure Contributions in response to the Emergency Appeals


    Overall expenditure amounted to CHF 958.7 million (including In total, CHF 575.6 million were provided for ICRC field oper-
    overheads), 147.6 million of which were allocated for headquarters ations by 29 governments, 90.1 million by the European
    and 811.1 million for field operations. Commission, 118.9 million by 33 National Societies, 0.5 million
    by a variety of supranational and international organizations, and
    The implementation rate 1 for activities planned to meet the 43.6 million by public and private sources such as the Parthenon
    ICRC’s objectives for the year was higher than in previous years, Trust, the Union of European Football Associations, Rotary
    with expenditure reaching 91.2% of the overall final Emergency International and Soroptimist International. The cash compo-
    Appeals budget. nent of the donor response for field operations amounted to
    CHF 785.2 million (2004: 609 million; 2003: 731 million;
    Contributions 2002: 631.8 million). The in-kind component was CHF 24.8 million
    A total of CHF 959.6 million was received in contributions in (2004: 9.7 million; 2003: 23.4 million; 2002: 19.4 million). Contri-
    2005. Funding sources and patterns varied from previous years butions in the form of services were equivalent to CHF 17.7 million
    because of the impact of natural disasters, which struck sensitive (2004: 10.6 million; 2003: 17.8 million; 2002: 15.6 million). Contri-
    areas where the ICRC was previously active. The proportion of sup- butions in assets were worth CHF 1.0 million (2004: 0.8 million;
    port from governments decreased to 72.7% (2004: 80.1%; 2003: 2003: 1.5 million; 2002: 0.4 million).
    79.9%; 2002: 84.3%) and that from National Societies increased to
    13.1% (2004: 5.2%; 2003: 6%; 2002: 7.1%). Funding received from Flexibility in funding
    the European Commission grew in terms of amount but decreased Specific donor requirements in terms of earmarking and reporting
    in proportion to 9.4% (2004: 10.3%; 2003: 8.8%; 2002: 5.1%), were generally the same in 2005 as in previous years.
    while contributions from various other public and private sources
    increased significantly in the amount and slightly increased in pro- To meet needs effectively, it is essential that the ICRC enjoy
    portion to 4.8% (2005: 4.3%; 2003: 4.3%; 2002: 5%; 2001: 3%). flexibility in the use of its funds and a degree of predictability in
    terms of individual donor requirements, particularly in relation to
    The United States remained the ICRC’s largest donor. It accounted earmarking and reporting. Earmarking remained at the level of
    for 22.1% (CHF 211.8 million) of all contributions received and past years and, as in the past, was often accompanied by both
    23.7% (CHF 196.6 million) of funding for field operations. The rigorous project implementation timetables and stringently spe-
    United Kingdom’s Department for International Development cific reporting conditions. Experience has shown, however, that
    (DFID) and the British Red Cross extended their partnership there is a direct correlation between flexible funding policies
    agreement with the ICRC to cover the period up to September 2006. and the ability of the ICRC to maintain its independence and
    Under the agreement, the DFID made a non-earmarked contri- operational flexibility.
    bution of £ 17.5 million to the ICRC for the period January to
    December 2005, raising the United Kingdom’s total contribution In 2005, tightly earmarked cash contributions accounted for
    to CHF 100.2 million. Switzerland was the third largest donor CHF 132.9 million or 14.5% of cash contributions (compared
    (CHF 92.9 million, including 70 million for the ICRC’s headquarters with CHF 115.6 million, or 15.7%, in 2004 and CHF 161.2 million,
    budget). The European Commission consolidated its position as the or 18.9%, in 2003).
    ICRC’s fourth largest donor (CHF 90.1 million). The Netherlands
    Government remained the fifth largest (CHF 64.8 million), and At 25.3% (CHF 230.8 million) in 2005, the proportion of non-
    the Swedish Government was sixth (CHF 49.3 million). earmarked cash contributions (“core funding”) made in response
    to the ICRC’s Emergency and Headquarters Appeals was lower
    1) Implementation rate = field expenditure (in cash, kind and services) divided by than in 2004 (31.5%) and 2003 (27.4%). Apart from certain
    final field budget (excluding contingency) then multiplied by 100.

    38
    ICRC ANNUAL REPORT 2005

    private donations, the majority of non-earmarked funds for both of sources, a closer look reveals that the ICRC is increasingly
    the Emergency Appeals and the Mine Action Special Appeal came reliant on a relatively small number of key donors for the bulk of
    from six governments (Belgium, Canada, France, the Netherlands, its funding.
    Norway and the United Kingdom) and the canton of Geneva.
    Even taking into account the pooling factor of the tsunami crisis,
    Cash contributions loosely earmarked for a given region, coun- 79 governments and the European Commission accounted for
    try or programme represented about 60.2% of the total 82.1% of total ICRC funding in 2005. The top 10 governments
    (CHF 550.1 million). Of this amount, CHF 103.7 million repre- contributed CHF 696.0 million, or 72.5% (2004: 78.5%;
    sented broad, geographically earmarked funding received primarily 2003: 71.2%; 2002: 76.5%), while the total contributions from the
    from the United States (11.3% of total cash contributions). top five governments amounted to CHF 559.8 million, or 58.3%
    (2004: 61.3%; 2003: 58.1%; 2002: 62.6%) of the overall total of
    In terms of earmarking by country, Sudan was the context most CHF 960.3 million. On the very positive side, contributions
    often specified by donors, representing 10.3% of all the contri- were received from 89 National Societies (2004: 71; 2003: 72;
    butions of this type. 2002: 83), with the top 10 accounting for 86.8% (2004: 82.4%,
    2003: 78.2%; 2002: 69.8%) and the top five for 65.8% (2004: 65.7%;
    The ICRC has drawn up guidelines to ensure greater uniformity 2003: 56%; 2002: 45.3%) of the total of CHF 125.4 million in con-
    and coherence in managing earmarked funds. These standards are tributions received from National Societies, a remarkable increase
    designed to reduce the multiple financing and reporting constraints compared to the CHF 33.6 million of 2004.
    which can stifle the organization’s ability to respond effectively
    to general donor requirements. As for contributions received for field operations, 29 governments
    and the European Commission responded to the Emergency
    Predictability in funding Appeals (2004:32; 2003: 35; 2002: 29). Of these, the top five
    The ICRC’s system of funding does not rely on set (statutory) accounted for CHF 490.5 million, or 59.2% (2004: 61.9%;
    contributions. Moreover, its programmes are implemented 2003: 56.3%; 2002: 61.4%) of the total of CHF 828.7 million.
    according to need and are not contingent on the level of contri- The top five National Society contributors accounted for
    butions received or pledged. The organization relies on donors CHF 80.3 million, or 67.5% (2004: 68.1%; 2003: 57.1%;
    to provide the funding needed to achieve its objectives through 2002: 46.9%) of the CHF 118.9 million total amount received
    the programmes it plans to implement in a given year. To mini- from 33 National Societies (2004: 32; 2003: 41; 2002: 37).
    mize financial risks, the ICRC seeks, on the one hand, to be real-
    istic in terms of its objectives and budgets and, on the other, to 2005 was indeed an encouraging year, although it is clear that the
    ensure a degree of predictability with respect to funding. Ideally, it ICRC must still strive to obtain additional funds from govern-
    needs funding commitments from donor countries spanning ment and National Society donors. At the same time, it must seek
    several years. It does in fact already have such agreements with to identify new budget lines and test them among current donors.
    some donors. The ICRC is aware that donor planning constraints
    and national budget and finance regulations do not easily allow Reporting to donors
    donors to commit themselves over the medium term, as the ICRC The ICRC kept donors informed of its activities through a
    would prefer. Nevertheless, it will continue to seek ways of achiev- variety of documents and publications. In December 2004, it
    ing longer-term funding commitments. Clear indications from launched its 2005 Emergency and Headquarters Appeals, which
    donors early in the year regarding the annual level of funding were followed in the course of the year by five budget-extension
    and the timing of their transfers would also facilitate financial appeals.
    planning and reduce risk.
    It reported to donors on all its field operations by means of the
    Overall predictability of funding improved in 2005, in large mid-term report, which covers field operations in the first and
    part owing to arrangements made early in the year with the second quarters. The third and fourth quarters are covered by
    Netherlands, Sweden, the United Kingdom, the United States and the country reports contained in the present Annual Report.
    – in the case of the headquarters budget – Switzerland. The ICRC These reports discuss progress achieved for each target population
    was thus able to plan early in terms of basic funding levels. in the light of the objectives set in the Emergency Appeals for
    Moreover, very prompt funding transfers linked to the tsunami 2005. Financial updates were similarly provided on a quarterly
    operation resulted in a marked improvement in the ICRC’s cash- basis. In September the ICRC issued its Renewed Emergency
    flow situation as compared with previous years. Appeal, which presented the overall funding situation for field
    operations, including contributions received by that time.
    Diversity in the donor base
    The wide range of activities carried out by the ICRC in response Donors were further informed of the main developments in ICRC
    to natural disasters in areas where it was already present provided operations by means of 27 updates covering a wide range of oper-
    the organization with opportunities to diversify its donor base, ations and the special report on mine action in 2004.
    particularly among National Societies and private donors.
    Elsewhere, despite continuous efforts to broaden its donor base, The ICRC Donor Site, a password-protected extranet site on
    the ICRC remained concerned about the slow progress made which all documents issued by the ICRC’s External Resources
    towards enlarging the range of its main financial contributors. In Division are posted, continues to give donors immediate access
    view of its universal mandate and worldwide activities, the organ- to reports and other funding-related documents.
    ization would like to be able to count on the broadest possible
    support. While the general data provided above would at first
    appear to indicate broad support in terms of the level and number

    39
    RESOURCES AND OPERATIONAL SUPPORT

    INFORMATION SYSTEMS LOGISTICS

    The main goal of the Information Systems Division is to align A network on a global scale
    information and communication technology projects and The ICRC runs a worldwide logistics network. With the range of
    services with the ICRC’s strategic objectives in order to achieve services available – from air freight to vehicle workshops –
    maximum efficiency and optimize both investments and oper- the organization is able to maintain field operations and to take
    ating costs through the best possible allocation of human and rapid and effective action in emergencies. In 2005 it operated
    financial resources. 3,500 vehicles and trucks, three boats, 300 warehouses and over
    20 aircraft.
    In 2005, the ICRC took several initiatives to implement its infor-
    mation technology strategy. The Information Technology During the year there were four major new logistical undertakings.
    Steering Committee was created to coordinate communications
    overall between departments and divisions, and to ensure that In response to the tsunami crisis, the ICRC set up a combined
    the ICRC’s information system offered the best possible support air, sea and road operation to transport relief supplies to
    to the objectives of both individual departments and the ICRC Indonesia’s Aceh province from Medan, Lokseumawe, Jakarta,
    at large. A complete reorganization of the Division was com- Surabaya and, supported by the Singapore Red Cross, from its
    pleted in 2005. Responsibility for a large section of the ICRC’s logistics base in Singapore. A worldwide airlift was managed
    information technology for core business management was from Geneva with the support of the Nairobi Logistics Centre
    entrusted to specialized companies with whom dedicated con- to transport relief supplies and a surgical hospital to Singapore,
    tracts were signed. from where they were flown to Banda Aceh by two Norwegian
    Air Force aircraft seconded to the ICRC and based in Singapore.
    Security arrangements were reinforced to respond to future The ICRC mobilized extensive logistical and human resources
    business requirements and the evolution of the communication to carry out substantial and complex distributions of food aid
    platform. At the same time, large-scale technical projects were in remote areas of Darfur, Sudan.
    implemented with a new back-up strategy. These included a new In response to the American Red Cross request for logistics
    tool for monitoring the evolution of system redundancy, the support in the wake of hurricane Katrina, the ICRC provided
    migration to the data storage area network, the secured develop- two teams of logistics experts.
    ment of wireless LAN technology and the integration of “light The ICRC and the International Federation joined forces
    servers” for sub-delegations. to provide an effective logistics response in support of Red
    Cross and Red Crescent operations in Pakistan following the
    Numerous software applications were deployed in the field to earthquake there. The ICRC set up new logistics structures
    upgrade management in the areas of human resources, logistics, to provide support for its work in Azad Kashmir Province
    water and habitat, budgets and ICRC vehicle control and and the International Federation’s operation in North West
    maintenance. Frontier Province. Helicopter and road operations were man-
    aged from Islamabad, Abbottabad and Manseyra with the
    At headquarters, a new application was introduced to improve support of the Peshawar Logistics Centre. British and German
    management of key logistics centres. In addition, the ICRC’s data military aircraft provided the ICRC with additional cargo
    warehouse was finalized and was expected to become totally oper- capacity, enabling it to airlift 120 metric tonnes of relief
    ational early in 2006. Software maintenance was also upgraded. supplies daily to remote villages.

    Major strategic software applications continued to be analysed In 2005, 50% of ICRC logistics staff was mobilized for emergency
    and developed to improve the management of human resources operations.
    at headquarters, the “Donation to Distribution” process, the new
    field accounting model and assistance activities. Applications were In order to minimize operational costs, the ICRC, together with
    also under development for a new “Content Management System” the International Federation, invited new tenders worldwide for
    (CMS), including Internet and Intranet, as well as for an interna- essential emergency items, thus ensuring high quality relief sup-
    tional transport management tool and an upgraded professional plies and delivery standards. These tenders took all possible
    mail system. supply sources into consideration and resulted in significant
    unit-price savings. The ICRC also maintained technical and oper-
    A number of ambitious technical projects remained in the ational links during the year with other Movement components,
    pipeline, including the development of a new field operating conducting further studies on the use of emergency-response
    system server, a permanent worldwide IP connection and the logistics units.
    migration of the Lotus Notes systems.
    The development of logistics software fell behind schedule, but a
    Information technology capacity and processes for emergency new supply system was successfully deployed in Geneva and a new
    situations continued to be upgraded, drawing on lessons learnt vehicle fleet management tool was being introduced in the field.
    from operations conducted after the tsunami, the south Asia
    earthquake and hurricane Katrina. The ICRC’s Family Links In 2005 the ICRC had about 140 expatriate logistics experts plus
    website was widely used during the tsunami and Katrina crises. crews, drivers and convoy leaders working in some 30 relief oper-
    ations; they were backed up by more than 2,000 national staff
    Finally, procedures for hardware management and procurement worldwide. Half of the expatriate staff came from countries other
    were reviewed and restructured. than Switzerland and many ICRC national staff volunteered for
    short missions to support large-scale emergency operations
    abroad. The development of specialist training in all logistics
    functions was completed, including a programme in the use of the

    40
    ICRC ANNUAL REPORT 2005

    new logistics tools. The level of recruitment was maintained and


    higher standards were applied.

    Working in harmony with partners


    ICRC logistics operations in Indonesia and Pakistan were suc-
    cessfully supported by National Society Emergency Response
    Units integrated into ICRC structures.

    The joint logistics structure set up in Pakistan was successful in


    providing support to the Movement’s operation and avoiding
    duplication.

    The new 2004 edition of the standard emergency-item catalogue,


    developed in conjunction with the International Federation,
    became available on the Internet at the following address:
    http://www.icrc.org/emergency-items. The catalogue’s aim is to
    promote minimum specification standards for the Movement’s
    operations.

    The ICRC also strengthened its working relations with various


    agencies in the UN system. In responding to the complex
    emergencies in Darfur, Indonesia and Pakistan, all UN agencies
    followed the procedures set out by the United Nations Joint
    Logistics Centre (UNJLC). The ICRC maintained constant
    dialogue with the Centre on logistics issues, in particular those
    relating to air operations, security, fuel supplies and rates for
    transportation and warehousing. In Pakistan, the UNJLC and
    ICRC had a common heliport in Abbottabad. The advantages
    for both organizations were to ensure that logistics infrastruc-
    ture was not unnecessarily duplicated, to maximize efficiency, and
    to coordinate approaches and promote information-sharing
    in the field and at headquarters.

    ICRC logistics staff participated actively in the UNJLC Logistics


    Cluster Group and met regularly with other leading logistics
    players.

    The new Certified Humanitarian Logistics Training programme


    was discussed and agreed at inter-agency level (WFP, UNICEF,
    UNHCR, ICRC, Médecins sans frontières, Oxfam, Care, etc.) and
    readied for launch in 2006.

    41
    OPERATIONS
    the ICRC

    44
    around
    the world
    ICRC ANNUAL REPORT 2005

    AFRICA ICRC headquarters

    ASIA AND THE PACIFIC ICRC delegation

    EUROPE AND THE AMERICAS ICRC regional delegation

    MIDDLE EAST AND NORTH AFRICA ICRC mission

    45
    highlights
    operational
    Pierre Krähenbühl
    Director of Operations

    CONFLICT ENVIRONMENTS Economic factors continued to weigh heavily on conflict dynamics,


    with a range of State and private actors competing for access to
    2005 will be remembered primarily for a series of catastrophic markets and critical natural resources such as oil, while a variety
    natural disasters: the effects of the tsunami in parts of Asia, drought of other players indulged in various forms of economic rapa-
    in Niger, hurricanes Katrina and Rita in the United States, tropical ciousness. The reality in many countries in the throes of or emerg-
    storm Stan in Central America and the earthquake in Pakistan ing from conflict was the weakness – in some cases the generalized
    and India, to name the most devastating. collapse – of public services such as health care, water supply and
    social welfare, delaying recovery and making the transition from
    It will also be recalled as a year that witnessed fewer active armed emergency to development strategies harder to achieve.
    conflicts and a decline in the intensity of hostilities in several con-
    texts, although appalling acts of violence persisted in places such Globally, the evolution of armed violence was further affected by
    as Iraq, Darfur, northern Uganda, Somalia and several other the widespread proliferation of weapons and by mass migration
    places. Closer scrutiny confirmed a shift in the nature of armed from rural to urban settings, resulting in sprawling urban centres
    conflicts in general and of internal conflicts in particular. Most in many developing countries. This also contributed to an increase
    conflicts were again internal in character, and significantly differ- in new forms of urban violence, often blurring the distinction
    ent from those of the second half of the 20th century, which were between political violence and criminality.
    mainly anti-colonial and national liberation struggles. They were
    also distinct from the nationality-driven upheavals that led to the More encouragingly, a number of conflict situations saw a marked
    disintegration of the former Soviet Union and Yugoslavia and improvement in terms of stabilization, containment or transition,
    from the conflicts in the Great Lakes region. often the result of international or regional peace-keeping or
    stabilization efforts. However, while effectively ending or freez-
    Many conflicts were characterized by an apparent crisis of legit- ing the period of active hostilities and addressing some of the
    imacy reflecting the inherent fragility of many of the States population’s most pressing security needs, such large-scale oper-
    involved, and by the multiplicity of local players engaged in the ations severely stretched the resources of the international com-
    hostilities and representing a broad range of grievances. They munity. Furthermore, they tended to take place in contexts of
    included so-called “classic” conflicts between a government and great socio-economic instability marked by slow and often
    one or more rebel groups, with mainly local causes and effects, lengthy processes of demobilization, reintegration and recon-
    and others involving various opposition groups spurred by ciliation. This resulted in delayed development, persistent inse-
    diverse motives and objectives stemming primarily from local curity, rising criminality and lasting hardship for the populations
    issues which nevertheless had major regional and international concerned.
    implications and involvement.
    Experience showed that while current armed conflicts generally
    In 2005, an ongoing confrontation of global dimensions between resulted in lower direct casualty rates than in previous decades,
    certain States and a highly decentralized and loosely connected the number of indirect victims remained very high. Moreover,
    range of non-State actors manifested itself in a number of delib- conflicts and situations of violence tended to last longer, while
    erate acts of terror in various parts of the world. It also led to a protracted transition periods often produced little concerted
    combination of military/counter-terrorist operations and the action to address the underlying causes of the conflict, making a
    introduction of anti-terrorist legislation in some countries. At the renewal of hostilities possible in several contexts.
    other end of the spectrum, highly localized forms of intercom-
    munity feuds, often of a transnational nature, inflicted high levels Many of the features of the armed conflicts described above have
    of human suffering in some regions. existed for some time, while others are more recent. In 2005, it was

    46
    ICRC ANNUAL REPORT 2005

    the interconnection between many of these factors, both local for the Movement’s action in regions affected by conflict, or that
    and global, that complicated the analysis of specific situations were politically and militarily unstable. By the end of the year,
    and the formulation of appropriate responses. The overriding the ICRC had essentially ended its involvement in the emergency
    challenge was – and will remain – to address the multiple needs phase in Indonesia and Sri Lanka. It began focusing on its tradi-
    of populations affected by extremely diverse situations of con- tional areas of activity in these contexts, while providing ongoing
    flict and violence, and to respond rapidly and effectively to new leadership and support in tsunami-related Movement coordina-
    emergencies. tion efforts.

    In the case of Pakistan, the emergency phase was expected to last


    OPERATIONS well into the spring of 2006, with a commitment by the ICRC to
    keep its complex human and logistics capacity in place to help
    In 2005, the ICRC confirmed its worldwide reach and was opera- people in Pakistan-administered Kashmir to remain, to the best
    tional in numerous conflict zones. Its 12,000 staff members extent possible, in their villages. The ICRC response to the impact
    continued to work in highly diversified environments, adapting to of this disaster was rapid and effective, owing to the professional-
    new challenges. ism and expertise displayed by several National Societies and to
    efficient on-site coordination with the Pakistan Red Crescent
    Society and the International Federation.
    AFRICA
    Afghanistan remained one of the ICRC’s largest operations in
    Among the most notable achievements during the year was an the region in 2005, with diverse activities covering visits to
    ambitious and multifaceted operation in Sudan, the single largest detainees held under Afghan or US authority, medical assistance
    ICRC operation worldwide. Developments in Darfur vacillated to hospitals in several parts of the country and ongoing major
    between periods of cautious hope for a peace settlement to phases activities in the physical rehabilitation field. The ICRC also
    of escalating armed violence which had a severe impact on the provided support to the Afghanistan Red Crescent.
    local population. The ICRC focused on providing protection
    and assistance to resident populations most at risk in remote and The ICRC’s operational foothold in Myanmar was adversely
    isolated regions of Darfur. In spite of a deteriorating security envi- affected by a declining engagement on the part of the authorities
    ronment, it was able to maintain a dialogue with all players and to respect ICRC access to places of detention and its standard
    groups in the province and generally had satisfactory access to working procedures during prison visits. These issues were raised
    affected populations. at different levels with disappointing results. In Uzbekistan and
    Tajikistan, the ICRC was deeply concerned by the protracted
    As a result of increased instability in neighbouring Chad, the interruption of visits to detainees and the persistent difficulties
    ICRC reinforced its presence and capacity to respond to the emer- it encountered in trying to resolve differences in this regard with
    gency needs of those affected by deliberate attacks against their the authorities.
    communities along the border with Sudan. It also increased its
    activities in Somalia, particularly in the field of medical and sur- On a more positive note, the ICRC and the government of China
    gical support, in response to a marked upsurge of hostilities successfully concluded their dialogue with a view to establishing
    during the year. an ICRC regional delegation in Beijing. An ICRC office was for-
    mally inaugurated in July 2005.
    Uganda again represented a demanding operational environment
    in which the ICRC maintained extensive programmes to assist
    people in IDP camps in northern Uganda and to visit places of EUROPE AND THE AMERICAS
    detention across the country. ICRC staff in the Democratic
    Republic of the Congo was again confronted with the dramatic The situations in Colombia and Haiti remained the main areas
    impact of hostilities between multiple groups fighting each other of concern for the ICRC in this part of the world. The ICRC con-
    in several of the eastern provinces. The ICRC also took an active tinued to provide extensive assistance to victims of the conflict in
    part in coordinated efforts to demobilize and reintegrate child- the former and internal violence in the latter.
    soldiers. Working with the National Society, it used its expertise
    and logistics capacity to play a vital role in the process of reuniting The issue of US detention remained a topic of widespread atten-
    child soldiers with their families. tion and debate. ICRC visits to detainees at the Guantanamo
    Naval Base continued, with improvements noted in the integra-
    In Western Africa, the ICRC maintained and where needed tion of ICRC recommendations. However, differences of view
    reinforced its operational capacity in still divided and fragile Côte persisted regarding the legal framework applicable to these
    d’Ivoire. In neighbouring Liberia, it carried out a large-scale assis- detainees.
    tance programme to facilitate the return of IDPs and refugees in
    several destitute parts of the country. In the Russian Federation, ongoing dialogue with the authori-
    ties resulted in improved ICRC access to the Chechen Republic
    in the course of 2005, including to southern regions that had not
    ASIA AND THE PACIFIC been visited for prolonged periods. However, the ICRC remained
    deeply concerned that discussions aimed at resolving differences
    The ICRC, alongside its Movement partners, mounted large-scale on the important issue of access to detainees and places of deten-
    operations in response to two major natural disasters – the Asian tion and standard ICRC working procedures during such visits
    tsunami that struck on 26 December 2004 and the earthquake failed to achieve any measurable progress.
    that hit South Asia on 8 October 2005. It assumed the lead role

    47
    OPERATIONAL HIGHLIGHTS

    MIDDLE EAST AND NORTH AFRICA of women were implemented in, among other places, Algeria,
    Burundi, Liberia, Sudan and Yemen.
    2005 was again a tragic year for the people of Iraq, who were
    subjected to extreme and appalling levels of violence and brutal- The year was also marked by substantive debate on the future of
    ity. To maintain a credible and effective operation in such a the humanitarian sector, in particular in the context of the UN
    volatile environment was a major challenge for the organization. reform process. The ICRC opted for active engagement in the
    In January 2005, an Iraqi staff member was brutally killed, com- consultative phase, specifically within the framework of the
    pelling the ICRC to review its operational approach in Iraq once Humanitarian Response Review and the Inter-Agency Standing
    again, as it did after the tragic losses of 2003. The ICRC was able Committee principals meetings and working groups.
    to pursue visits to detainees in three locations under US authority,
    in a limited number – owing to security constraints – of places The ICRC saw a number of benefits in efforts to improve the UN
    under Iraqi authority and in several locations under the respon- humanitarian response capacity. It nevertheless also opted for a
    sibility of the Kurdish regional authorities. The ICRC was also strong affirmation of its own identity and a reassertion of the
    able to respond to several emergency situations, such as the distinct benefits of its specific neutral and independent opera-
    crisis in Tal-Afar in northern Iraq, where it provided basic relief tional approach. At the same time, it formulated a proactive and
    supplies to the Iraqi Red Crescent for distribution to thousands reality-based set of guidelines on humanitarian coordination,
    of people displaced by the hostilities. both institutionally and in the field.

    In Israel and the occupied and autonomous Palestinian territo-


    ries, ICRC activities in the field of detention and family visits pro-
    ceeded, as did monitoring activities and assistance projects in
    response, for instance, to the impact of the construction of the
    West Bank barrier on the Palestinian population.

    New agreements on access to places of detention were reached


    with the authorities in Tunisia and Mauritania.

    One of the most moving and remarkable events from a humani-


    tarian perspective was the repatriation by the ICRC of the last of
    the Moroccan prisoners after their release by the Polisario Front.

    THEMATIC CHALLENGES

    Acceptance by all actors, proximity to the victims of armed con-


    flict and the security of its staff remained central to the ICRC’s
    ability to operate. From a security point of view, 2005 was again
    a difficult year with the loss of two colleagues, one Iraqi and one
    Haitian. The ICRC was also still without news of two of its staff
    members, one who went missing in South Africa in 2001 and one
    who has been unaccounted for in Chechnya since 2003.

    The risk of rejection by certain parties who challenge the legiti-


    macy of humanitarian action, and the danger that humanitarian
    action would be used by others to their own ends, was ever pres-
    ent. Faced with this problem, the ICRC strived to demonstrate the
    specific necessity and advantages of its neutral and independent
    approach through its operational strategies and the impact of
    its work on the ground. Progress was made in efforts to deepen
    dialogue with the Muslim world, primarily with civil society
    representatives, religious circles and radical groups.

    The ICRC pursued efforts to promote and demonstrate the rel-


    evance of IHL in contemporary forms of armed conflict. More
    critically, it sought to ensure respect for IHL by the parties
    engaged in armed conflict.

    It also broadened its capacity to respond more effectively to the


    specific needs of women and girls. A multidisciplinary response
    to the problem of sexual violence, combining medical treatment,
    community-based counselling and protection and preventive
    measures for victims, was introduced in the Democratic Republic
    of the Congo. Other programmes focusing on the specific needs

    48
    and figures
    ICRC
    in 2005:
    a few facts
    operations
    PRESENCE PERSONNEL

    The 80 ICRC delegations and missions were distributed as follows The average number of ICRC staff in 2005 was as follows:
    throughout the world:
    Headquarters: 783
    Africa 28 Field: expatriates 1,490
    Asia and the Pacific 17 Expatriates 1,219
    Europe and the Americas 24 National staff on temporary mission 43
    Middle East/North Africa 11
    National Society staff 228
    Field: national staff (1) 9,964
    Field: total 11,454 (2)
    Final total 12,237
    (1) 10,007 (including national staff on temporary mission).
    (2) This figure does not include an average of 4,075 daily workers hired
    by the ICRC in the field.

    FINANCE

    ICRC expenditure in 2005


    Headquarters CHF 147.6 million USD 119.3 million EUR 95.4 million
    Field CHF 811.1 million USD 655.5 million EUR 524.1 million
    The sub-total comes to CHF 958.7 million, from which field overheads (CHF 48.0 million) must be deducted in order
    to reach the final total.
    Final total: CHF 910.7 million USD 736.0 million EUR 588.5 million

    10 largest operations in 2005 in terms of expenditure


    1 Sudan CHF 129.8 million USD 104.9 million EUR 83.9 million
    2 Pakistan CHF 59.7 million USD 48.3 million EUR 38.6 million
    3 Afghanistan CHF 40.5 million USD 32.7 million EUR 26.2 million
    4 Israel and the Palestinian Occupied
    and Autonomous Territories CHF 37.9 million USD 30.6 million EUR 24.5 million
    5 Indonesia CHF 36.8 million USD 29.7 million EUR 23.8 million
    6 Moscow regional delegation CHF 30.7 million USD 24.8 million EUR 19.8 million
    7 Liberia CHF 30.2 million USD 24.4 million EUR 19.5 million
    8 Democratic Republic of the Congo CHF 29.6 million USD 23.9 million EUR 19.1 million
    9 Sri Lanka CHF 27.7 million USD 22.4 million EUR 17.9 million
    10 Ethiopia CHF 25.0 million USD 20.2 million EUR 16.2 million
    Exchange rates: USD 1.00 = CHF 1.2374; EUR 1.00 = CHF 1.5475

    49
    ICRC OPERATIONS IN 2005: A FEW FACTS AND FIGURES

    VISITS TO DETAINEES

    ICRC delegates visited 528,611 detainees (46,288 of whom were


    monitored individually) held in 2,594 places of detention in
    76 countries. Of this number, 25,831 detainees were registered
    and visited for the first time in 2005. A total of 28,159 detention
    attestations were issued.

    RESTORING FAMILY LINKS

    The ICRC collected and distributed 959,475 Red Cross messages,


    thus enabling members of families separated as a result of conflict,
    disturbances or tensions to exchange news.

    It established the whereabouts of 6,381 people for whom tracing


    requests had been filed by their families.

    The ICRC also helped 1,650 people to rejoin their families. It


    issued travel documents that enabled 6,785 people to return to
    their home countries or to settle in a host country.

    ASSISTANCE

    In 2005, 49 of the ICRC’s 80 delegations and missions ran assis-


    tance programmes. The bulk of the work was carried out in
    Afghanistan, the Caucasus, Colombia, the Democratic Republic of
    the Congo, Ethiopia, Iraq, Israel and the Palestinian Occupied and
    Autonomous Territories, Liberia, Somalia, Sudan (the southern
    part of the country and Darfur), Pakistan-administered Kashmir,
    following the earthquake and, in the wake of the tsunami,
    Indonesia and Sri Lanka.

    ASSISTANCE SUPPLIES

    In 2005, the ICRC purchased or received as contributions in kind the following assistance supplies:

    Food items 55,500 tonnes CHF 34.5 million


    Seed 4,150 tonnes CHF 4.5 million
    Essential household items 16,700 tonnes CHF 59.0 million
    1,270,000 blankets
    12,000 tents
    306,000 tarpaulins
    219,000 kitchen sets
    226,000 hygiene kits
    1,000 tonnes of clothing
    Medical and physical rehabilitation items CHF 27.0 million
    Water and habitat items CHF 18.0 million
    TOTAL CHF 143.0 million
    USD 115.6 million
    EUR 92.4 million

    50
    ICRC ANNUAL REPORT 2005

    ECONOMIC SECURITY On the one hand, in 2005, a total of 34 National Societies of coun-
    tries affected by armed conflict or internal strife participated in
    During the year, ICRC activities to ensure economic security Operational Partnerships with the ICRC. In all, 27 National
    directly benefited households and communities in 26 countries Societies participated in ICRC assistance programmes, 27 in trac-
    worldwide. More than 1,105,000 internally displaced people, ing and protection activities and 25 in programmes to promote
    returnees, residents (in general people living in rural areas and/or and spread knowledge of IHL and the Fundamental Principles.
    areas which are difficult to reach owing to insecurity and/or lack
    of infrastructure) and people deprived of their freedom received In the 10 countries where the ICRC is running its largest
    aid in the form of food, 2,870,000 in the form of essential house- operations, 7 different National Societies working internation-
    hold and hygiene items and 2,642,000 through sustainable food- ally were involved in the implementation of ICRC objectives
    production programmes or micro-economic initiatives. These in 27 projects.
    included various response mechanisms ranging from the rehabil-
    itation of traditional irrigation systems to small-scale community- On the other hand, the ICRC spent CHF 66 million to assist
    based cash-for-work and livestock-management/support projects. National Societies in building and strengthening their capacity to
    carry out activities in the following areas:

    WATER AND HABITAT 141 National Societies in their work to promote and spread
    knowledge of IHL and the Fundamental Principles;
    In 2005, the ICRC’s Water and Habitat Unit was involved in water, 119 National Societies in their work to restore family links;
    sanitation and construction work in 37 countries. These projects 105 National Societies in their preparedness for health and
    catered for the needs of some 11.2 million people worldwide relief assistance during conflict;
    (internally displaced people, returnees, residents – in general peo- 20 National Societies in implementing community awareness
    ple living in rural areas and/or areas which are difficult to reach programmes for mines and explosive remnants of war (ERW).
    owing to insecurity and/or lack of infrastructure – and people
    deprived of their freedom). They were implemented by a team of
    90 expatriate engineers and 720 local engineers and technicians. COMMUNICATION

    The Communication Department’s overall aim is to strengthen


    HEALTH-CARE SERVICES the ICRC’s ability to carry out its activities and promote respect
    for international humanitarian law (IHL). Communicating infor-
    During the year, the ICRC regularly supported 99 hospitals and mation in relation to major humanitarian crises was a priority
    179 other health-care facilities around the world. Community for the Communication Department in 2005, with activities based
    health programmes were implemented in 12 countries, in many cases on a multimedia approach.
    with National Society participation. An estimated 2,365,000 people
    benefited from ICRC-supported health-care facilities. Numerous seminars on IHL were held worldwide throughout
    the year for armed and security forces, other weapon bearers and
    More than 6,300 weapon-wounded and 77,400 non-weapon- police forces. The ICRC participated in 15 military exercises in
    wounded were admitted to ICRC-supported hospitals in Europe and similar events elsewhere in the world. These
    18 countries where more than 76,800 surgical interventions activities were carried out by 23 specialized delegates supported
    were performed. The ICRC regularly supported 15 first-aid posts by a multinational network of officer instructors.
    located near combat zones, which provided emergency treatment,
    mainly for war-wounded. In 2005, the Media Relations Unit in Geneva issued 76 press
    releases, 98 news items, 53 information bulletins, 105 briefing
    and information notes, and organized 16 press conferences.
    CARE FOR THE DISABLED
    The Exploring Humanitarian Law (EHL) teaching module,
    The ICRC’s Physical Rehabilitation Unit provided support to launched in 2001, was tested in the classrooms of some 34 countries
    69 centres in 23 countries, enabling 137,931 patients to receive during the year.
    services. A total of 20,559 were rehabilitated with prostheses
    and 25,877 with orthoses. In addition, 1,979 wheelchairs and Throughout the year, the ICRC provided advice and supported
    19,445 pairs of crutches were distributed, most of them locally programmes related to mines and ERW in 27 countries.
    manufactured. Training of local staff was a priority to improve
    sustainable services for patients. The Library and Research Service responded to some
    3,000 requests from National Societies, NGOs, academics,
    government departments and the media. The Production,
    ICRC COOPERATION WITH NATIONAL SOCIETIES Multimedia and Distribution Unit distributed worldwide more
    than 3,260 films and 608,000 copies of 900 different publica-
    The aim of the ICRC’s cooperation with National Societies is to tions, and approximately 6 million page views were registered
    promote greater efficiency and effectiveness in the Movement’s on the ICRC website. The Visitor’s Service at ICRC headquarters
    activities. The ICRC carries out its operations for the benefit of received nearly 10,000 people.
    persons affected by conflict or internal strife in partnership with
    National Societies. It also contributes to the strengthening of the
    programme capacity of National Societies in specific fields.

    51
    DELEGATIONS REGIONAL DELEGATIONS
    Angola Abidjan
    Burundi Abuja
    Chad Dakar
    Congo, Democratic Republic of Harare
    Congo Nairobi
    Eritrea Pretoria
    Ethiopia Yaoundé
    African Union
    Guinea
    Liberia
    Rwanda
    Sierra Leone
    Raymonde Pamu/ICRC

    Somalia
    Sudan
    Uganda
    Children often become separated from their families during times of
    conflict. The ICRC searches for the relatives of such children and, where
    appropriate, will reunite them with their families. AFRICA

    CAPE VERDE MALI NIGER SUDAN


    ERITREA
    SENEGAL CHAD

    GAMBIA
    GUINEA BISSAU BURKINA FASO DJIBOUTI
    GUINEA
    BENIN NIGERIA

    SIERRA LEONE CÔTE


    ETHIOPIA
    D’IVOIRE TOGO
    GHANA CENTRAL AFRICAN REP.
    LIBERIA CAMEROON SOMALIA

    DEM. REP.
    EQUATORIAL GUINEA UGANDA
    of the CONGO
    KENYA
    GABON REP. of
    the CONGO
    RWANDA SEYCHELLES

    BURUNDI

    EXPENDITURE (IN CHF ,000) TANZANIA

    Protection
    COMOROS
    70,282
    Assistance ANGOLA MALAWI
    245,108 ZAMBIA

    Prevention ZIMBABWE MADAGASCAR


    33,592 MOZAMBIQUE MAURITIUS
    NAMIBIA
    Cooperation with National Societies
    BOTSWANA REUNION
    27,147
    General
    SWAZILAND
    82
    LESOTHO
    376,210 of which: Overheads 22,576 SOUTH AFRICA
    ICRC delegation
    ICRC regional delegation
    Implementation rate
    96.3% ICRC mission
    AFRICA INTRODUCTION

    Africa retained its strategic importance effort was focused on urban IDP camps. the 26 ICRC-supported facilities. The
    in 2005 but was unable to hold much sway When necessary, however, the ICRC stepped need to scale up its emergency operations
    in international politics. Many of its coun- in to assist IDPs in camps. It established a prompted the organization to adjust its
    tries continued to suffer economic, political highly successful mobile surgical field team overall priorities, meaning that it realized
    and diplomatic isolation. The greater por- to treat wounded civilians and fighters slightly fewer projects than planned to
    tion of the world’s conflicts occurred on the and supported rural health care and serv- improve the livelihood of farmers and
    continent. Their heavy burden on the pop- ices for amputees, but reduced assistance nomads. Thousands of Somalis uprooted
    ulation was made worse by a succession of to hospitals, which enjoyed the support of by conflict or economic necessity used the
    other problems: political instability; corrup- other actors. The organization redoubled tracing and RCM network to restore or
    tion; poor governance and weak political its efforts to secure respect for civilians’ maintain contact with relatives.
    structures; uneven distribution of natural rights and worked to ensure safe access for
    resources; the resort to arms as a means of its staff to conflict victims. It documented In Ethiopia, the organization worked country-
    survival; ethnic and/or religious tension; alleged IHL violations and took them up wide, extending its presence to monitor the
    inexistent or crumbling public services; with the parties involved. It extended trac- situation in more areas. Intense fighting in
    steadily declining GNP; the adverse impact ing and RCM services in Darfur and sought Gambella and persistent tensions along the
    of globalization; harsh climate; population to improve them countrywide for families Oromia-Somali Regional State (SRS) bor-
    growth rates exceeding economic growth; dispersed by conflict. The ICRC intensified der meant that the number of beneficiar-
    the HIV/AIDS pandemic; and insufficient negotiations with the authorities on obtain- ies of ICRC emergency and medical
    emergency and development aid. Against ing access to all detainees. In southern support exceeded the organization’s plans.
    this backdrop, the few gains made, such as Sudan, it started to adapt its operation in Although security and other constraints
    economic growth in some countries, seemed light of the transition, transferring its set- hampered some of its activities, the ICRC
    woefully inadequate to counterbalance up and activities, previously overseen by forged ahead in implementing programmes
    the problems. its Lokichokio sub-delegation across the to preserve livelihoods in the SRS and Afar
    border in Kenya, to Juba. regions. It continued to monitor detention
    The Horn of Africa conditions in prisons and police stations
    In the Horn, the conditions for a genuine In Chad, the ICRC worked to meet the countrywide, and secured access to some
    and lasting peace remained elusive. Three needs occasioned by the conflict in Darfur of the detainees held in connection with
    historic peace processes under way in the and internal tensions. It closely watched the post-election unrest. It made considerable
    region produced mixed results: implemen- security situation, shared information with structural improvements in 21 prisons and
    tation of the momentous north-south peace other organizations and followed up allega- extended technical support to penal and
    agreement in Sudan proceeded, keenly tions of abuses against civilians. In coordi- judicial reforms. The ICRC took up with the
    watched by UN and African Union peace- nation with UN agencies, NGOs and the authorities any remaining cases of POWs
    keepers; the Somali National Reconciliation Chadian Red Cross, the ICRC played the and encouraged them to respond to requests
    Conference ushered in a shaky transitional lead role in helping Sudanese refugees from families for news of relatives missing
    federal government in Somalia; while the locate relatives at home and elsewhere and as a result of the 1998–2000 armed conflict
    Algiers Peace Agreement ending the inter- exchange news with them. ICRC assistance between Eritrea and Ethiopia. It helped
    national conflict between Eritrea and programmes in eastern Chad targeted relatives separated by the closed border to
    Ethiopia faltered. The enduring conflict in vulnerable residents along the border with exchange RCMs, facilitated the voluntary
    Darfur cast a shadow on the transition to Sudan and in rural areas who were not repatriation of civilians to Eritrea and
    peace in southern Sudan and affected the receiving international aid. The ICRC evac- Ethiopia and reunited willing children,
    entire country and, for that matter, Chad, uated the war-wounded from rural areas the elderly and infirm with family across
    host to some 200,000 Sudanese refugees. to urban medical facilities, provided sup- the border. Sudanese refugees in western
    However, other localized conflicts showed plies to rural health centres, sustained a Ethiopia also benefited from tracing and
    signs of subsiding in southern Sudan and limb-fitting and physiotherapy centre, RCM services.
    in border regions, chiefly near Eritrea and improved access to water in four towns and
    Uganda. In Ethiopia, where a number of distributed relief to families affected by In Eritrea, the ICRC focused on support-
    low-intensity conflicts persisted, the inter- cross-border attacks. In the deteriorating ing people still affected by the inter-
    nal strife in Gambella risked affecting the security environment in eastern Chad, national armed conflict between Eritrea
    regions bordering Sudan. Further south, only a handful of organizations, including and Ethiopia. Working in and near the
    the presence of the rebel Ugandan Lord’s the ICRC, operated along the volatile border Transitional Security Zone (TSZ), the
    Resistance Army in the Sudanese region with Sudan. The ICRC carried on visiting organization stood poised to document any
    of Equatoria remained a security threat security detainees and helping improve alleged IHL violations against the popu-
    for civilians. detention conditions. lation and to respond to the effects of any
    rise in tensions. The ICRC continued to
    Sudan continued to be the ICRC’s largest In war-torn Somalia, the ICRC increased visit detainees of Ethiopian origin and the
    operation, with eight sub-delegations and its field presence and reached most parts few remaining POWs who had declined
    offices in Darfur alone. The ICRC worked of the country. Still a key provider of repatriation in 2002. It monitored the situ-
    throughout Darfur until November, when a emergency aid for victims of conflict and ation of Ethiopian civilians in Eritrea, to
    series of security incidents involving ICRC natural disaster in central and southern ensure respect for their rights regarding
    and Movement personnel compelled it to Somalia, the ICRC stretched its capacities their living conditions and repatriation.
    restrict its movements in western Darfur. to the limit to deliver relief goods to over The ICRC assisted in the voluntary repatri-
    Assisting residents of rural and remote 400,000 people. The frequency and inten- ation of civilians to Ethiopia and Eritrea,
    parts of Darfur remained a priority for the sity of armed clashes pushed up the num- enabled relatives to communicate through
    organization because the international aid ber of war-wounded patients treated at tracing and RCM services and reunited

    54
    ICRC ANNUAL REPORT 2005

    children and other vulnerable people with In Liberia, the ICRC’s priority was to pro- violence were localized, however, and the
    family across the closed border. The ICRC vide protection and assistance to the sig- ICRC managed to reach most parts of the
    was the chief provider of water, shelter and nificant numbers of refugees returning country. It worked with urban and rural
    material support to IDPs in camps and spontaneously to the country and the even water authorities to supply thousands of
    helped returnees resettle. It continued to larger numbers of IDPs returning to their people with clean water. The organization
    help upgrade residents’ access to water in places of origin. It provided agricultural also continued to work with the National
    and around the TSZ. tools and other material assistance, repaired Programme of Reproductive Health to
    or built health-care facilities and water and improve health care, focusing on safe child-
    In Kenya, the ICRC intensified its activities, sanitation systems and stepped up emer- birth and care and the treatment of victims
    including emergency aid to IDPs fleeing gency assistance to returnees. It also pro- of sexual violence. Living conditions in
    clashes in the north and refugees escaping vided medical supplies and on-the-job staff prisons and places of temporary detention
    fighting in Somalia, and projects to improve training to the health facilities it had re- were improved through the ICRC’s health-
    economic security and ease tensions in habilitated. Considerable emphasis was placed care, sanitation and water projects.
    northern Kenya and the coastal Lamu district. on restoring contact between family mem-
    bers dispersed by the conflict, particularly In the DRC, 25 million voters were regis-
    ICRC tracing and RCM services enabled reuniting children with relatives. The ICRC tered and, in the first democratic poll since
    thousands of refugees in Tanzania, Kenya regularly visited the ever-increasing num- independence, the electorate overwhelm-
    and Djibouti to locate relatives and exchange ber of places of detention throughout the ingly supported a new constitution which
    news with them. country to monitor conditions of detention was a prerequisite for parliamentary and
    and provide assistance as required. presidential elections, postponed until 2006.
    In the Zanzibar archipelago, a new office, Although these developments suggested a
    opened in August, enabled the ICRC to con- The ICRC continued to address the needs move towards stability, the eastern part of
    solidate its activities in response to election- of Sierra Leonean children separated the country remained beset by violent inci-
    related unrest. The organization visited from their families and still in Guinea. It dents. The United Nations Organization
    detainees and delivered medical supplies to ensured the cross-border restoration of Mission in the DRC supported attempts by
    hospitals treating people injured during family links for children, while gaining the national army to suppress the Ituri mili-
    clashes. greater understanding of child-protection tias and armed groups from other countries
    issues regionwide. The repatriation of such as Rwanda operating in North and
    West Africa Liberian ex-fighters, interned in Sierra South Kivu. The ICRC continued its activi-
    West Africa had remained free of open Leone since their surrender in 2002–03, ties in this potentially hazardous environ-
    warfare since 2004, chiefly because of demonstrated how the practical application ment to improve the population’s living
    some 30,000 UN and other peace-keepers of IHL can help stabilize the sub-region. conditions and completed engineering
    stationed in Sierra Leone, Liberia and The ICRC played a significant role as a projects which supplied over 1 million peo-
    Côte d’Ivoire. Even so, incidents occurring technical adviser to the two countries’ ple with safe water. It also provided mate-
    throughout 2005 attested to the need for authorities, monitored the treatment and rial support to victims of the conflict and
    the ICRC to keep an eye on developments living conditions of the internees and over- conducted agricultural and fish-farming
    in countries such as Côte d’Ivoire, Gabon, saw their voluntary repatriation. Also in programmes. The steps forward in the tran-
    Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Nigeria and Togo, Sierra Leone, the ICRC prepared to con- sition process encouraged the organization
    where economic and political crises and tribute to judicial reforms. It maintained to begin planning the handover of water,
    religious and ethnic tensions made for an visits to detention facilities, including that farming and health projects to the local
    explosive mix. In addition, in the Central of the Special Court for Sierra Leone. authorities and development organizations.
    African Republic, the rising number of
    clashes in the north between armed The Great Lakes Region In the Republic of the Congo, the situation
    groups and government troops forced some In the Great Lakes region, the populations in the Pool region was no longer a crisis in
    15,000 people to flee into southern Chad. of Burundi, the Democratic Republic of the humanitarian terms. Even so, an environ-
    Congo (DRC) and Uganda were still bear- ment of uncertainty reigned. Consequently,
    The ICRC increased its presence in sensi- ing the brunt of internal armed conflicts. reconstruction and economic recovery
    tive regions of Côte d’Ivoire, conducting Intense diplomatic efforts prevented the remained painfully slow, and few interna-
    protection activities for conflict-weary conflict in the DRC from assuming national tional humanitarian organizations stayed
    populations, supporting essential services, proportions anew. Meanwhile, Rwanda to fill the gap. The ICRC maintained a
    such as water supply to 1.6 million people continued to heal the wounds caused by presence in Pool, where its assistance pro-
    and health-care delivery in the north, internal conflict and genocide, while in grammes offered it proximity to the popu-
    enhancing economic security for vulnera- the Republic of the Congo, the conflict lation, to get a clear understanding of their
    ble people, including several thousand IDPs, remained deadlocked. security concerns and living conditions and
    and adapting its operations to civilians’ to impress upon the authorities the need to
    changing or increasing needs. It continued to In Burundi, the end of the transition period meet their obligations to the population.
    visit individuals detained in government- was marked by relatively peaceful elections.
    and Forces Nouvelles-held territories in However, the second part of the year was In Uganda, the peace process faltered, lead-
    connection with the conflict. The ICRC tarnished by the resumption of hostili- ing to further military operations against
    continued to coordinate and finance the ties against government forces by the last the Lord’s Resistance Army in the north,
    activities of the Ivorian Red Cross to allevi- remaining armed group, the National protracting the conflict that began nearly
    ate civilian suffering caused by conflict. Liberation Forces. The large number of two decades ago and forcing an estimated
    weapons in circulation added to the threat 1.5 million people to remain in squalid IDP
    to the country’s stability. Incidents of camps. Inadequate water and sanitation

    55
    AFRICA INTRODUCTION

    facilities, combined with a precarious nutri- Southern Africa


    tional and medical situation, encouraged Southern Africa remained a model of sta-
    the rapid spread of life-threatening diseases bility on the continent. Angola continued
    such as diarrhoea, cholera and dysentery to recover from the upheaval of the 27-year
    in the camps. Attacks on humanitarian civil war which ended three years previ-
    workers late in 2005 prompted the ICRC ously. The ICRC concentrated on providing
    to restrict the scope of its operations tem- a quality tracing service and assisting land-
    porarily. Nevertheless, it completed water and mine victims. The region’s inhabitants did
    sanitation projects that benefited hundreds not, however, escape hardship caused by
    of thousands of IDPs. It also extended mate- poverty, unemployment and high rates of
    rial support to over 400,000 people, helped HIV/AIDS infection. Zimbabwe’s worsen-
    around half a million people to grow their own ing political and socio-economic prob-
    food and propped up health-care facilities. lems caused particular concern among the
    international community. The fall-out from
    Rwanda enjoyed stability, completed its spiralling inflation and high unemployment
    transition and focused on trying people was compounded by the government’s
    suspected of involvement in the 1994 geno- moves to eradicate the informal business
    cide. Some 9,000 gacaca courts, based on sector and unregistered buildings. The UN
    the concept of a traditional council, began estimated that 700,000 people were left
    trying suspects. The ICRC tailored its oper- homeless, without an income or both in
    ations to reflect the country’s successful the operations.
    completion of the transition period. It
    ended its 10-year-long practice of individ- Conclusion
    ually monitoring detainees suspected of In summary, the scope of ICRC operations
    participating in the genocide. It also com- in Africa changed little in 2005. Neverthe-
    pleted a three-year plan to phase out its less, adjustments were made to mirror the
    supply of food to prisons, since the author- reality on the ground in individual con-
    ities proved both willing and able to assume texts. These included: the creation of addi-
    this responsibility. Projects to monitor the tional or new ICRC structures to optimize
    detainees’ nutritional status and improve operations in Sudan, Ethiopia, Chad and
    health care, water and sanitation facilities in Burkina Faso; and the organization’s
    Rwanda’s prisons remained on course. response to the violence triggered by the
    death of Togolese President Eyadema and
    the April elections in Togo. True to predic-
    tions, the lion’s share of ICRC activities was
    concentrated in the Horn of Africa.

    56
    angola
    *S A O TO ME
    and
    200 km
    The ICRC has been present in Angola since the
    PR I N C I P E CABINDA
    start of the conflict in 1975 that devastated the
    Cabinda DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC
    Maquela of the CONGO country's infrastructure and economy and left
    Mbanza Congo do Zombo
    ZAIRE
    UIGE
    the population dependent on aid. Relative nor-
    Uige Dundo
    Negage
    mality has returned since the 2002 Luena peace
    BENGO Lucapa
    LUANDA KWANZA N.
    MALANJE
    LUNDA N.
    agreement, although mines remain a major
    Ndalatando problem. The ICRC continues to support three
    Malanje Saurimo
    ATLANTIC KWANZA S.
    LUNDA S.
    State-run limb-fitting centres, urging the author-
    OCEAN Sumbe ANGOLA Luau
    HUAMBO
    ities to increase their involvement. It cooperates
    Cassombo
    Lobito
    Bailundo
    P L A N A LT O BIE
    Luena with the Angola Red Cross in raising awareness
    Huambo
    BENGUELA MOXICO of landmine risks. The two organizations also
    Kuito
    Chipindo
    jointly operate a tracing network to enable family
    Menongue
    Bentiaba HUILA
    ZAMBIA members separated by the conflict to re-establish
    Lubango Cuito Cuanavale
    Namibe
    CUNENE
    contact. In addition, the delegation supports the
    NAMIBE CUANDO CUBANGO
    Ngiva Sao Tome and Principe Red Cross.
    NAMIBIA
    ICRC/AR.2005
    * Sao Tomé and Principe is covered by the ICRC delegation in Angola
    ICRC delegation ICRC sub-delegation ICRC office/sub-office
    ICRC-supported prosthetic/orthotic centre

    EXPENDITURE (IN CHF ,000)


    Protection 6,137
    Assistance 3,744
    Prevention 1,936 CONTEXT
    Cooperation with National Societies 799
    General 2 Angola was still recovering from the politi- media before and during the electoral cam-
    cal, economic and social consequences of paign. This legislation was put before par-
    12,618 the 27-year civil war that had raged since liament at the end of 2005 for discussion.
    of which: Overheads 770 independence and that formally ended with
    IMPLEMENTATION RATE the signature of the Luena peace agreement Around 100,000 former UNITA fighters
    Expenditure/yearly budget 98.7% in April 2002. It remained one of the awaited reintegration into society and
    world’s most mine-affected countries, with financial support. In May, the World Bank
    PERSONNEL
    26 expatriates
    civilians continuing to be maimed or killed and the government signed a series of
    216 national staff (daily workers not included) daily by these and other explosive remnants agreements with national and international
    of war (ERW). The casualty rate and the NGOs on projects to assist 24,000 ex-fighters,
    KEY POINTS contamination by mines of large tracts of through vocational training or support for
    land, rendering them off-limits to the pop- subsistence farming.
    In 2005, the ICRC: ulation, continued to hinder development
    collected and delivered tens of thousands and reconstruction efforts. The government pursued a policy of taking
    of RCMs;
    out bilateral loans for the reconstruction of
    helped reunite 190 unaccompanied
    children with their families; Democratic elections had yet to take place, Angola’s infrastructure. In May, China signed
    visited 23 detainees in Cabinda province; but President José Edouardo dos Santos agreements to lend Angola 1 billion US dollars
    rehabilitated 89 spring catchments providing announced that they would be held in towards improving the country’s health,
    clean water for 79,426 villagers; 2006. In August, parliament approved a education, electricity, water and road systems.
    supported 3 physical rehabilitation centres, revised version of the electoral law, and an Also in May, Brazil signed an agreement to
    which treated 916 landmine victims. electoral commission, dominated by the lend Angola 580 million US dollars. In
    ruling Popular Movement for the Liberation October, the Angolan government announced
    of Angola (MPLA), was sworn in. However, that Chinese private companies were willing
    pundits were doubtful that the necessary to invest up to 8 billion US dollars in addition
    reforms and the registration of voters to Beijing’s loan of 2 billion US dollars
    would be completed in time for an election granted in March 2004.
    in 2006.
    Relations between the Angolan government
    The National Union for the Total Independ- and the International Monetary Fund
    ence of Angola (UNITA) submitted draft (IMF) further soured when Luanda rejected
    laws to parliament on the disarmament of the IMF’s proposals on how to rebuild the
    civilians and the demobilization of the Civil country’s economy, preferring to come up
    Defence Organization, a militia armed by with its own economic policies. Angolan
    the MPLA before the 1992 elections. The officials would rather concentrate on rais-
    debate on these laws was due to continue ing funds from private investors than from
    into 2006. donor governments.

    The Council of Ministers drew up a law


    regulating political parties’ access to the

    57
    AFRICA ANGOLA

    MAIN FIGURES AND INDICATORS

    PEOPLE DEPRIVED OF THEIR FREEDOM (All categories/all statuses) CIVILIANS


    Detainees visited 23 Economic security, water and habitat
    Detainees visited and monitored individually 23 Water-supply schemes and sanitation systems
    Number of visits carried out 8 (completed projects) Beneficiaries 76,926
    Number of places of detention visited 4 WOUNDED AND SICK
    RESTORING FAMILY LINKS Physical rehabilitation
    Red Cross messages (RCMs) and reunifications Patients receiving services Patients 7,680
    RCMs collected 24,055 Prostheses delivered Pieces 1,262
    RCMs distributed 25,875 Orthoses delivered Pieces 136
    People reunited with their families 102
    Tracing requests, including cases of missing persons
    People for whom a tracing request was newly registered 3,120
    Tracing requests closed positively (persons located) 463
    Tracing requests still being handled at 31 December 2005 20,575
    Unaccompanied minors (UAMs) and separated children (SCs),
    including unaccompanied demobilized child soldiers
    UAMs/SCs newly registered by the ICRC 119
    UAMs/SCs reunited with their families by the ICRC 102
    UAMs/SCs cases still being handled at 31 December 2005 346

    ICRC ACTION As part of its protection work, the ICRC province. The civilian population reported
    continued to ensure that the treatment and that on several occasions the ICRC’s pres-
    The ICRC continued to focus on maintain- living conditions of detainees in Cabinda ence in the field had had a favourable effect
    ing a quality tracing service for people who province complied with international on the behaviour of FAA units. To familiar-
    had no other means of re-establishing or standards. It visited places of detention and ize the population with the ICRC’s mandate,
    keeping in contact with their families in recommended improvements where nec- the delegation maintained regular contact
    Angola or abroad as a result of the past con- essary. The RCM service was made available with the main representatives of civil society
    flict. The ICRC and the Angola Red Cross to the detainees visited. – the Church and traditional authorities –
    remained the only organizations to provide in Cabinda.
    tracing and reunification services for chil- The ICRC provided financial and technical
    dren separated from their families. support to the Angola Red Cross in its Protecting foreign ex-fighters
    reform process, with a view to giving impe- As in previous years, the ICRC monitored
    Assisting landmine victims and mine-risk tus to the National Society’s humanitarian the situation of some 400 former Congolese
    education were also key activities for the activities. and Rwandan fighters (and some 350 of
    ICRC. It provided substantial aid to the their dependants) who were awaiting repa-
    government in the form of prosthetic/orthotic In spite of the delegation’s efforts, the triation or the regularization of their situa-
    equipment and training schemes. It also authorities made no progress in integrating tion by the authorities. Regular contacts
    participated, along with other humanitarian IHL into national legislation or military were maintained with the former fighters’
    organizations, in a working group to discuss training. leaders and the highest Angolan authorities.
    how to help the National Intersectoral The Angolan government was engaged in a
    Commission for Demining and Humanitar- In light of the progressive return to peace in dialogue with the Congolese and Rwandan
    ian Assistance to Mine Victims (CNIDAH) Angola, the ICRC continued to scale down authorities in order to find a solution to the
    build a professional mine-risk training its operations in the country, shutting two problem.
    team. The aim of the group of trainers, to regional offices and reducing the number of
    be set up by the end of 2006, was to develop expatriate staff by almost a third. Restoring family links
    training curricula for the police, local Unaccompanied children continued to be
    NGOs and civil society. The Angola Red reunited with their families thanks to a
    Cross was put in charge of mine-risk CIVILIANS tracing network run jointly by the ICRC
    education training, in accordance with the and the Angola Red Cross. Tracing opera-
    national mine action strategy for Angola Protecting civilians tions, building on experience gained in pre-
    for 2006–11. Other proposals discussed in The armed forces (FAA) maintained a sub- vious years, gathered momentum, and the
    the working group included methods to stantial presence in the province of number of family reunifications tripled in
    inform returnees of the risk of landmines Cabinda. A few villages complained about the second part of the year compared with
    and the creation of an information-gathering the ongoing restrictions imposed by the the first half. Family reunifications were
    structure on the location of landmines. In FAA on civilian movements, which pre- carried out in cooperation with the Angola
    tandem with the Angola Red Cross, the vented people from hunting in the forest or Red Cross and in some cases with the Ministry
    ICRC conducted a number of mine-risk cultivating their fields. of Social Assistance and Reintegration.
    sessions for returnees. Training aimed at further boosting the trac-
    The ICRC kept up a constructive dialogue ing capacities of the Angola Red Cross was
    with the highest military authorities in the

    58
    ICRC ANNUAL REPORT 2005

    intensified at both national and provincial traditional leaders from mine-affected commu- PEOPLE DEPRIVED OF THEIR
    levels. nities to organize focus group discussions. FREEDOM
    Following the discussions, participants
    As part of its tracing activities, the ICRC shared ideas on what they could do to Protecting the well-being
    issued the fourth edition of the Red Cross reduce the risk of further mine accidents. of detainees
    Gazette, listing 18,393 people searching for The Angola Red Cross supported these ini- ICRC delegates conducted five visits to
    or being sought by relatives, including tiatives by providing paint for the commu- municipal and provincial prisons in Cabinda.
    323 unaccompanied children looking for nity to mark paths and information boards They met the authorities to discuss detention
    their parents and 1,288 being sought by for schools and churches. By the beginning conditions and the treatment of inmates.
    their families. The Red Cross Gazette was of the rainy season, children had prepared Detention officials agreed to allow family
    distributed throughout Angola’s 18 provinces, 15 such information boards. visits and detainees’ access to the RCM
    as well as to relevant National Societies service. The authorities committed them-
    abroad, and met with considerable interest Aware of the need for a long-term but tar- selves to setting up the regular distribution
    from the public, political stakeholders and geted mine-risk education programme, the of hygiene items. Following discussions
    traditional leaders. National Society worked with provincial with military officials, the ICRC was
    radio stations, a medium increasingly acces- granted permission to visit military deten-
    24,019 RCMs collected from and sible to the rural population, thereby pro- tion facilities to check if civilians were being
    25,873 delivered to civilians viding a valuable means to inform farmers, detained temporarily.
    463 people located at their families’ hunters and others of the dangers of mines.
    request Programmes included information on how 23 detainees visited and monitored
    119 unaccompanied/separated to avoid being injured by a mine. individually, including 18 newly
    children/demobilized child soldiers registered monitored individually
    registered Improving water and habitat during 8 visits to 4 places of detention
    168 unaccompanied/separated The ICRC continued to rehabilitate, main- 36 RCMs collected from and
    children/demobilized child soldiers tain or construct spring catchments in rural 2 delivered to detainees
    reunited with their families, 102 directly areas. It rehabilitated 89 spring catchments
    by the ICRC in 42 villages and trained water committees
    tracing continued for 20,575 persons, in using and maintaining these facilities. It WOUNDED AND SICK
    including 1,526 minors at the time of also promoted good hygiene practices
    their disappearance and the relatives among the local population. After the projects Long-term care for
    of 346 unaccompanied/separated had been completed, the ICRC returned to the physically disabled
    children/demobilized child soldiers the areas that had benefited from the pro- Mined roads and a lack of public trans-
    registered by the ICRC gramme and noted a decrease in the number portation limited the number of injured
    of people infected by water-borne diseases. people that could benefit from physical reha-
    Reducing ERW incidents bilitation services, which did not therefore
    Mines and other ERW continued to maim 76,926 people benefited from work to full capacity. According to govern-
    and kill local residents and to restrict their 89 water projects ment figures, there were at least 105,000
    access to work and services. Under plans 68 water committees (204 people) physically disabled people in Angola, of
    drawn up by provincial authorities at the trained in spring maintenance whom only around 3,000 had received
    beginning of 2005, mine action aimed to 4 latrines built to prevent water medical care. Roughly 75% or 79,000 of
    address both community and development contamination Angola’s disabled were victims of land-
    priorities. The ICRC supported the Angola mines. The study found that the highest
    Red Cross’s efforts to ensure that commu- After three years of peace and transition percentage of disabled lived in Benguela,
    nity needs were reported and acted upon. towards development, the ICRC, decided to Bié, Huambo and Kuanza Sul provinces.
    These projects included workshops for phase out its spring rehabilitation pro-
    radio journalists on how to broadcast gramme in the Planalto region by the end Ten State-run physical rehabilitation centres
    mine-prevention information throughout of 2005. The objective was to hand over the provided prosthetic and orthotic services
    the year and the development of a form to project to an institution capable of maintain- (three in Luanda and one each in Benguela,
    record the needs of landmine survivors and ing existing springs and willing to continue Negage, Huambo, Kuito, Lubango, Luena
    their families. to construct and rehabilitate water sources, and Menongue). The authorities received
    especially in rural areas where water-borne material and technical assistance from vari-
    The National Society worked with the diseases contributed to a high rate of child ous organizations such as the ICRC, the
    CNIDAH liaison officers in the provinces of mortality. Several organizations expressed Vietnam Veterans of America Foundation
    Bié and Benguela to develop an informa- an interest in the ICRC programme but, and the German technical cooperation
    tion sheet and guidelines on the reporting owing to a lack of funding, none of them agency, GTZ. GTZ opened another centre
    of information on mines to the police. In were able to put forward a definite offer. in Kuanza Sul in September 2005.
    the province of Benguela, Red Cross volun- The delegation sent a report on the proposed
    teers working with the police reported the handover to all potential donors in Angola. The authorities, still lacking technical
    discovery of 142 ERW to demining organi- expertise and adequate financial resources,
    zations for follow-up. were not in a position to take over full run-
    ning of the physical rehabilitation centres.
    Concentrating on the needs of groups at That meant that the contribution of inter-
    risk, including refugees returning to national organizations was essential for the
    Angola, the Angola Red Cross worked with survival of the centres.

    59
    AFRICA ANGOLA

    The ICRC continued to support State limb- the adoption of national legislation imple- However, the process came to a virtual
    fitting centres in Huambo, Kuito and menting the Ottawa Convention. standstill during the second half of 2005,
    Luanda. It renovated buildings and pro- mainly because of a power vacuum and an
    vided machinery, tools, components and apparent lack of motivation in the upper
    raw materials to make orthopaedic appli- ARMED FORCES AND OTHER echelons of the National Society. A second
    ances. It provided staff with on-the-job BEARERS OF WEAPONS national council, which met in November
    technical and management training. The in order to prepare for the general assem-
    delegation ceased topping up staff salaries To encourage the integration of IHL into bly, failed to approve a number of docu-
    at the end of June. military training, the ICRC offered to help ments, including financial reports for the
    draw up a comprehensive IHL instruction past four years, the revised statutes and a
    As part of its handover strategy, the ICRC programme. It also proposed holding train- national development plan.
    stopped reimbursing patients’ transporta- the-trainer courses in the event that the
    tion costs and instead donated vehicles to Angolan authorities did integrate IHL into Restoring family links
    the physical rehabilitation centres. In addi- military instruction. The ICRC held infor- The ICRC worked with the National
    tion, it reduced from two to one the number mation sessions on IHL/human rights stan- Society to restructure the tracing network
    of expatriate prosthetic/orthotic technicians dards and humanitarian principles for the and increase its efficiency. The ICRC con-
    who had been helping at two centres in armed forces. centrated on training local Red Cross coor-
    Kuito and Huambo. In September, two dinators and volunteers. Delegates and
    Angolan technicians resumed work at these 2,900 military personnel attended their field officers ran training courses
    centres after completing an ICRC-sponsored 95 sessions on IHL and the ICRC’s every two months.
    one-year course in orthotics in Tanzania. activities
    To enhance the National Society’s tracing
    ICRC expatriate prosthetic/orthotic techni- activities, the ICRC trained and sponsored
    cians participated in several working groups CIVIL SOCIETY an assistant to the Angola Red Cross’s
    to draw up a national physical rehabilitation national tracing coordinator, as well as two
    policy. Discussions included technical pro- To gain support for its activities, the ICRC volunteers based at the National Society’s
    cedures for the manufacture of prosthetic/ nurtured contacts with various media headquarters.
    orthotic devices, training and logistics. organizations. It regularly sent out a
    newsletter to the national and regional
    The delegation held meetings to discuss media, resulting in extensive coverage of
    how to use the Angola Red Cross network the launch of the Red Cross Gazette (see
    to locate patients in rural areas, taking the Civilians). The media also frequently
    above-mentioned national policy into referred to the ICRC and its activities.
    account. Despite the end of the war and the decrease
    in humanitarian activities, the international
    3 physical rehabilitation centres media were still interested in covering
    supported ICRC activities.
    7,680 patients received services at the
    ICRC-supported facilities The ICRC held regular information sessions
    428 new patients fitted with prostheses on IHL in a number of provinces for com-
    and 77 with orthoses munity, political and religious leaders, as
    1,262 prostheses (1,053 for mine well as for traditional authorities, teachers
    victims), 136 orthoses (13 for mine and NGO representatives.
    victims), 4,984 crutches and
    56 wheelchairs delivered
    in 25 years of ICRC support, more RED CROSS AND
    than 31,000 prostheses, 36,500 pairs RED CRESCENT MOVEMENT
    of crutches, 930 wheelchairs and
    600 orthoses provided at the Luanda, Developing the National
    Huambo and Kuito centres Society’s capacity
    In March, as part of its internal reform
    process, the Angola Red Cross held a
    AUTHORITIES national council attended by 18 newly
    elected provincial presidents. At the top of
    With the political establishment focused on the agenda was the National Society’s reform
    the elections and various economic agree- process and the organization of a general
    ments, little attention was paid to the rati- assembly. Both the ICRC and the Interna-
    fication of IHL treaties. Nonetheless, the tional Federation took part in the meeting
    government continued to discuss accession and insisted that it was imperative for the
    to six IHL treaties aimed at protecting the National Society to implement financial
    population in the event of armed conflict. reforms, to draw up a medium-term strat-
    The ICRC, which offered its services to help egy and to revise its statutes. Three com-
    speed up the process, set particular store by mittees were set up in an effort to make
    headway in these areas.

    60
    burundi
    For 37 years until 1999, the ICRC monitored the
    situation in Burundi and took action on an ad
    RWANDA hoc basis. Since then, it has been continuously
    Kirundo
    present in the country, focusing on helping
    Cibitoke Muyinga
    TANZANIA people to overcome the worst consequences of
    Kayanza
    Ngozi conflict. It works with the prison authorities
    Bubanza
    Karuzi to ensure that detainees receive better treatment
    Muramvya Cankuzo
    DEMOCRATIC
    REPUBLIC Gitega
    and have access to health care and safe water.
    of the CONGO BUJUMBURA It improves health care for victims of sexual
    Ruyigi
    BURUNDI violence and pregnant women and rehabilitates
    water and sanitation systems for vulnerable
    Bururi Rutana
    groups. It reunites unaccompanied children
    Rumonge
    Makamba with their families and restores family links.
    LAKE The ICRC supports training in IHL for the
    TANGANYIKA
    armed and security forces.
    50 km
    ICRC/AR.2005

    ICRC delegation ICRC sub-delegation

    EXPENDITURE (IN CHF ,000)


    Protection 1,912
    Assistance 5,199
    Prevention 836 CONTEXT
    Cooperation with National Societies 311
    General - In spite of some outbreaks of violence, In November, government forces captured
    Burundi completed its transition period a member of the Democratic Liberation
    8,258 with the first democratic elections since Forces of Rwanda, found in the company
    of which: Overheads 504 the conflict began in 1993. The constitution of FNL fighters. The incident highlighted
    IMPLEMENTATION RATE was approved by 90% of the electorate in possible ties between the region’s armed
    Expenditure/yearly budget 89.5% a vote in February, which was followed groups. Burundi therefore joined the so-
    later in the year by parliamentary and pres- called tripartite agreement concluded by
    PERSONNEL
    22 expatriates
    idential elections. The former armed group, Rwanda, the Democratic Republic of the
    137 national staff (daily workers not included) the Conseil National pour la Défense de la Congo (DRC) and Uganda with the aim of
    Démocratie-Forces pour la Défense de la putting an end to the activities of these
    KEY POINTS Démocratie (CNDD-FDD), won a land- armed groups.
    slide victory in June, and its leader, Pierre
    In 2005, the ICRC: Nkurunziza, sole candidate in the presi- The authorities faced other destabilizing
    conducted more than 250 visits to over dential elections, was voted in as president factors besides the FNL. A large number of
    120 places of detention holding more
    in August. Turnout was high, and the polls weapons remained in circulation and
    than 9,700 detainees and contributed
    to improvements in the treatment and triggered few violent incidents. The new officials had yet to find a way to enforce a
    health of inmates; government began its term in office by presidential decree calling for the disarma-
    helped separated family members launching a number of popular initiatives, ment of the civilian population. Ambushes,
    re-establish and maintain contact through such as anti-corruption measures and a theft, armed robbery, murder and rape were
    the RCM service and reunited unaccompanied drive for free education. commonplace, and the recourse on occasion
    children with their families; to popular justice suggested that official
    ensured access to safe water for around
    The second part of the year was marred by law-enforcement structures were not func-
    90,000 people in both urban and rural areas;
    trained traditional birth attendants and an escalation of violence between govern- tioning properly.
    community workers active in the prevention ment forces and the last remaining armed
    of sexual violence and ensured that a group, the National Liberation Forces (FNL). The United Nations Operation in Burundi,
    number of victims of sexual violence The FNL, led by Agathon Rwasa, was mainly which had been set up in 2004 to support the
    received appropriate care and treatment active in the Bujumbura Rural and Bubanza transition process, announced that, at the
    from existing health facilities; provinces. Peace moves appeared to be request of the newly elected government, it
    gave instruction in IHL to members of
    the integrated forces on the basis of
    making headway in May, when both sides was to scale down its activities in 2006.
    agreements reached with the National agreed to begin negotiations on a definitive
    Defence Force and the National Police; end to hostilities. The ceasefire, however,
    after a countrywide evaluation carried out was never respected and fighting resumed.
    with the Ministry of Education, adapted the Many civilians left their homes to escape
    Exploring Humanitarian Law programme. looting, incidents of summary justice and
    levies of local taxes. The hostilities led to a
    marked increase in the number of arrests of
    FNL fighters and suspected collaborators.

    61
    AFRICA BUR UNDI

    MAIN FIGURES AND INDICATORS

    PEOPLE DEPRIVED OF THEIR FREEDOM (All categories/all statuses) CIVILIANS AND PEOPLE DEPRIVED OF THEIR FREEDOM
    Detainees visited 9,764 Economic security, water and habitat
    Detainees visited and monitored individually 747 Food Beneficiaries 8,750
    Number of visits carried out 256 Agricultural inputs and micro-economic initiatives Beneficiaries 13,955
    Number of places of detention visited 123 Water-supply schemes and sanitation systems
    RESTORING FAMILY LINKS (completed projects) Beneficiaries 90,000
    Red Cross messages (RCMs) and reunifications
    RCMs collected 3,144
    RCMs distributed 3,609
    People reunited with their families 9
    Tracing requests, including cases of missing persons
    People for whom a tracing request was newly registered 233
    Tracing requests closed positively (persons located) 72
    Tracing requests still being handled at 31 December 2005 75
    Unaccompanied minors (UAMs) and separated children (SCs),
    including unaccompanied demobilized child soldiers
    UAMs/SCs newly registered by the ICRC 31
    UAMs/SCs reunited with their families by the ICRC 9
    UAMs/SCs cases still being handled at 31 December 2005 62

    ICRC ACTION to restore and maintain family contacts CIVILIANS


    through the RCM network and, when
    The generally improved security situation possible, reunited children with their fami- Protecting civilians
    enabled the ICRC to access most parts of lies. The RCM network was extended to In areas where clashes occurred, the civilian
    the country, although some constraints Burundian refugees in Tanzania to enable population continued to be subjected to
    remained. them to correspond with family members violations of IHL, allegedly committed by
    in Burundi. the FNL, the army and the new police force.
    Years of conflict had restricted water sup- The ICRC continued to remind them of
    plies, and IDPs and returning refugees had The ICRC monitored the treatment and liv- their obligations under IHL and to monitor
    swelled the population in some areas, ing conditions of detainees and worked with their treatment of the civilian population,
    putting a strain on already overstretched the prison administration to improve these making representations where necessary.
    systems. The ICRC therefore worked with where necessary. The delegation coordi-
    urban and rural water authorities to sup- nated limited assistance programmes for Restoring family links
    ply thousands of people with safe water. inmates and provided support to the author- The ICRC continued to offer its RCM serv-
    Five rural projects were completed, while ities in enhancing prison management. ice to enable Burundian refugees and other
    two urban and four rural projects were still nationals who had taken refuge in Burundi
    in progress. In a bid to protect civilians from violations to re-establish contact with their families.
    of IHL during armed clashes, the ICRC Refugees in camps in Tanzania were able
    In 2005, no new agricultural projects were took advantage of the peace to increase to communicate with family members in
    launched. Owing to the long-term follow- knowledge and application of the law by Burundi for the first time since 1993. In
    up needed to make such projects viable, the authorities and the armed forces. It October, following a feasibility study, the
    the ICRC chose instead to focus on consol- lobbied to have IHL included as a compul- RCM service was extended to cover the
    idating existing schemes. sory subject in military training schools. entire country with the exception of a few
    It continued to support the teaching of IHL areas which were off-limits owing to
    The delegation worked with the National in universities and to consolidate imple- security concerns.
    Programme of Reproductive Health to mentation of the Exploring Humanitarian
    improve health care. The emphasis was on Law programme in State secondary schools. Refugees from the DRC who had fled to
    safe childbirth, the care and treatment of Burundi continued to have access to the
    victims of sexual violence, and community The ICRC lent its expertise in the restruc- RCM service to keep in touch with relatives
    work aimed at preventing this abuse. turing of the Burundi Red Cross. It also back home. Small tracing posts were set up
    worked with other partners in the in two camps to help volunteers better
    The ICRC kept stocks at the ready in order Movement to help the National Society organize the RCM service and facilitate the
    to provide protection and assistance in the respond to emergencies and meet the needs follow-up of unaccompanied children. The
    event of a new humanitarian emergency. of the most vulnerable members of society. ICRC coordinated with UNHCR, Germany’s
    State development agency (GTZ) and the
    With the prospect of peace prompting more national committee for the return and rein-
    refugees to return to Burundi, finding the tegration of IDPs and refugees, the CNRS,
    families of the remaining 230 unaccompa- to ensure that children being sent home
    nied children in the camps became even received an assistance package and repatri-
    more pressing. The ICRC continued to work ation documents. In addition, the ICRC

    62
    ICRC ANNUAL REPORT 2005

    and the International Rescue Committee for rehabilitation and development projects The ICRC maintained an emergency sup-
    worked together to monitor the children’s in Mabanda and Gatumba were conducted. ply of non-food items for 1,000 families
    reintegration into the community. for immediate distribution in case fighting
    The ICRC also worked with Burundi’s rural resumed.
    The ICRC produced a series of radio broad- water board, the DGHER, to repair essen-
    casts aimed at helping to identify unaccom- tial infrastructure damaged in the conflict.
    panied children who were separated from Five projects were completed in 2005 and PEOPLE DEPRIVED
    their families at a young age and were thus four were still in progress at the end of OF THEIR FREEDOM
    unable to give precise details as to their the year. The delegation followed up each
    relatives’ whereabouts. project with a training scheme for local Ensuring adequate standards
    committees in charge of maintaining the of detention
    3,542 RCMs distributed and installations once completed. A number of FNL fighters and members
    3,092 RCMs collected from civilians were arrested throughout Burundi in the
    72 people located at their families’ request water systems completed in Busiga, second half of the year. The ICRC visited
    31 unaccompanied/separated children Itaba (supplying a health centre and and registered these detainees in places of
    registered; the cases of 62 unaccompanied/ a 600-pupil school), Rwisabi, Ryansoro temporary detention and monitored them
    separated children were still being and Showe; 75,000 civilians were until they were either released or transferred
    handled at the end of 2005 supplied with clean water to prison. When necessary, the delegation
    9 people reunited with their families, made representations to the authorities
    including 9 unaccompanied/separated Construction of drinking water systems regarding the living conditions and treat-
    children was under way in Bugendana, Marangara ment of detainees both in places of tempo-
    tracing continues for 75 persons, and Buyengero to supply, while inhabitants rary detention and prisons.
    including for 24 people who were minors were set to benefit from a pumping station
    at the time of their disappearance being built at Mwumba. In total more than Cooperation with the Direction Générale
    200,000 people will benefit from ongoing des Affaires Pénitentiaires (DGAP) pro-
    Providing pregnant women water projects. gressed well. The ICRC financed two events:
    and victims of sexual violence a coordination meeting attended by all
    with access to care Economic assistance to residents actors in the prison sector and the annual
    The ICRC, in collaboration with the National and IDPs seminar for prison directors.
    Programme of Reproductive Health, ran a The ICRC limited the number of new
    “women and violence” programme to initiatives in order to focus better on exist- 9,764 people visited, including
    provide victims of sexual violence in the ing schemes after an in-depth assessment 711 newly registered and 747 monitored
    northern districts of Bujumbura with revealed that the population lacked the individually (including 13 women
    appropriate medical and psychological care. training and infrastructure to ensure the and 80 minors) during 256 visits to
    Medical staff also received training in mother longevity of the ICRC projects launched in 123 places of detention
    and child health care. The ICRC launched 2004 to boost household incomes in Gitega, 67 RCMs delivered to and 52 collected
    an identical programme in Bururi – a rural Kayanza and Ngozi provinces. The only from detainees
    region near conflict areas. A manual on new project begun in 2005 was the renova-
    caring for victims of sexual violence, devel- tion of the Burundi Red Cross reception Health care for detainees
    oped by the ICRC in cooperation with the centre for street children in Gitega. The ICRC continued to support health care
    Ministry of Health, was distributed to at Burundi’s six largest prisons, holding a
    health workers and used as a teaching aid The delegation equipped three mills with total of 7,850 detainees, or 80% of the prison
    for paramedical courses. motors and provided training and supervi- population. The delegation:
    sion to ensure the facilities would be well
    56 traditional birth attendants trained maintained. Two mills were handed over to stocked prison dispensaries with
    in north Bujumbura, 60 traditional the local authorities and the community medicines to treat prevalent diseases;
    health attendants and 5 health centre began operating the third with no outside held a seminar attended by prison
    workers trained in Bururi province assistance. Three seed production centres medical staff and directors, mainly to
    500 boxes of information cards on set up by the ICRC in 2004 and provided with foster coordination between officials
    the problem of sexual violence printed technical and material support throughout responsible for health care in places
    and distributed 2005 were also able to operate independ- of detention, but also to discuss the
    ently by the end of the year. ICRC’s plans for its continuing support
    Ensuring clean water for residents to prison health programmes;
    and IDPs The ICRC continued to develop two marsh- made contact with Burundi’s National
    The ICRC, working closely with the Regideso land projects initiated in 2004 that had so Council for HIV/AIDS and several
    urban water and electricity board, com- far increased the surface area of cultivable local organizations conducting AIDS
    pleted a project supplying clean water to land in Mwumba and Buraza by 20–25%. programmes to make sure detainees
    22,000 people in Kayanza and continued An agricultural engineer was hired to were included on their lists of target
    with the construction of a drinking-water give advice on rice farming in Mwumba populations;
    system in Rumonge which, when com- and the project was turned over to the local contacted groups working on disease
    pleted, would provide more than 15 litres community. The ICRC carried out more prevention to arrange for the distribution
    per person per day. In the meantime, the work on the Buraza marsh and trained of mosquito nets to reduce the number
    ICRC maintained two temporary facilities farmers in irrigation and maintenance of of cases of malaria, the most prevalent
    supplying 6,000 people. Feasibility studies the reclaimed cropland. disease in prisons.

    63
    AFRICA BUR UNDI

    Improving hygiene in prisons sponsored 3 FDN officers to attend not attending school. Recommendations
    The ICRC worked to improve hygiene con- an IHL course in San Remo. of the evaluation included raising aware-
    ditions and provide clean water in prisons. ness of the programme among educational
    To this end, it supplied jerrycans, soap and Integration of IHL into the training authorities, drawing up a specialized teach-
    cleaning materials, plus plastic sheeting for and doctrine of the armed forces ing guide and the training of additional
    bedding. It also teamed up with the DGAP to In order to make sure the police and deten- teachers.
    conduct a pest-control programme and made tion authorities understood its mandate, its
    recommendations for much-needed repairs. procedures for visiting detention facilities an information day on EHL attended
    and IHL, the ICRC: by 48 education officials
    15,000 detainees provided with clean water 22 EHL teaching packs handed out to
    renovation of Rumonge Prison’s water held awareness sessions on the ICRC’s 18 provincial directors and to 4 regional
    supply completed and its kitchen rebuilt mandate and detention activities, teaching inspectors
    water delivered to Mpimba Prison, attended by more than 3,000 officers
    Burundi’s largest, in an area of town of the National Police; Promoting IHL at university level
    with frequent water supply problems conducted a training module using Five private universities had made IHL a
    new ovens installed in the kitchens its To serve and to protect pack for compulsory subject in their law degree, while
    of Rutana and Bururi prisons 100 commanders of the former police the University of Burundi had included it as
    Gitega Prison renovated (toilets corps enlisted in the National Police; an optional module.
    installed in cells, guttering repaired ran a ten-day train-the-trainer course
    and kitchen chimneys provided) for 24 police officers with command 2 junior lecturers sponsored to attend
    a monthly soap ration provided to responsibilities. the second pan-African course on IHL
    each detainee in Yaoundé, Cameroon (see Yaoundé)
    6 IHL sessions held for 600 students
    Safety guarantees from armed IHL library set up in 6 private universities
    WOUNDED AND SICK opposition forces
    With the exception of the FNL, all members
    A complete surgical kit to treat 100 war- of former armed movements were either RED CROSS AND
    wounded (including anaesthetic equip- demobilized, in the process of being dis- RED CRESCENT MOVEMENT
    ment and all the necessary surgical tools) banded, or incorporated into the FDN or
    was stored at the delegation in Bujumbura. the National Police. The delegation had The Burundi Red Cross, with the sup-
    It could be dispatched to anywhere in the discussions with the FNL to obtain the port of the ICRC and the International
    country in a matter of hours. The ICRC necessary guarantees for ICRC personnel Federation, had been working towards
    could also rush additional supplies from to work safely in Bujumbura Rural province. restructuring and the holding of elections,
    Nairobi at short notice, if necessary. at first at the local level. This process culmi-
    nated in a general assembly on 7 and 8 May.
    CIVIL SOCIETY To assist the National Society, the ICRC
    AUTHORITIES financed radio and television spots, as
    Promoting IHL and the ICRC well as the organization of dissemination
    The ICRC systematically met representa- among the media sessions. General assembly participants
    tives of the political authorities at national, The ICRC explained its role and the prin- re-elected the president and elected a new
    provincial and communal levels to keep ciples of IHL at meetings attended by human- national committee and executive board.
    them informed of humanitarian issues and itarian organizations and human rights The ICRC, the International Federation
    its operations in Burundi. groups. Frequent media coverage helped and the German and Spanish Red Cross
    raise the public’s awareness of the ICRC Societies attended the meeting. A committee
    and reinforced its image as a neutral and in charge of revising the statutes was set up.
    ARMED FORCES AND OTHER impartial organization and the main refer-
    BEARERS OF WEAPONS ence on humanitarian matters and IHL. Movement partners had been working
    with the Burundi Red Cross on a strategic
    Integration of IHL into the training Teaching of IHL in secondary plan to develop its skills and activities. The
    and doctrine of the armed forces schools ICRC helped train new staff members and
    In March, the chief of general staff of the The ICRC helped monitor the quality of provided financial and technical support
    National Defence Force (FDN) agreed an teaching of its Exploring Humanitarian Law for the creation of the National Society’s
    action plan to train army personnel in IHL (EHL) programme, which was included in dissemination and disaster-preparedness
    during 2005. In addition, the ICRC: the secondary-school curriculum for the departments. Also with the support of the
    2004–05 academic year. Movement, the National Society began some
    organized 4 IHL training sessions small-scale projects, including the collec-
    with the FDN for 80 officers and Teams made up of ICRC and Ministry of tion and distribution of food for vulnerable
    IHL dissemination sessions for Education officials toured four secondary families and refresher first-aid courses.
    1,000 army personnel; schools in various parts of Burundi. As a
    continued to support a team of result of the visits, the ICRC changed
    5 officers in finalizing the regulations strategy to concentrate on encouraging the
    for the armed forces, which included teaching of the EHL programme in State
    integrating IHL into all levels of schools instead of widening its scope to
    military instruction; include private institutions and children

    64
    chad
    LIBYA
    EGYPT The ICRC has been operating in Chad since
    1978. Since January 2005, a priority has been to
    meet needs in eastern Chad arising from the
    conflict in the neighbouring Darfur region of
    NIGER Sudan. Activities focus on restoring family links
    Faya Largeau
    for Sudanese refugees, protecting and assisting
    people internally displaced, detained or other-
    SUDAN
    CH A D wise affected by the Darfur conflict or internal
    Iriba
    Tine DARFUR armed violence, and supporting treatment for
    Abéché the war-wounded and amputees. Countrywide,
    Adré the ICRC visits detainees, promotes IHL and
    NIGERIA
    N'DJAMENA supports the Red Cross of Chad.

    CAMEROON
    CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC
    300 km ICRC/AR_2005

    ICRC delegation ICRC sub-delegation

    EXPENDITURE (IN CHF ,000)


    Protection 3,239
    Assistance 2,660
    Prevention 1,068 CONTEXT
    Cooperation with National Societies 153
    General 2 Political tensions rose in Chad. On 6 June, Thanks to a good harvest in 2005, the
    Chadian voters backed changes to the con- volatile security situation did not trigger
    7,122 stitution to allow presidents to stand for a widespread food shortages in eastern
    of which: Overheads 431 third term. In the run-up to the referen- Chad. However, some communities hosting
    IMPLEMENTATION RATE dum, opposition parties questioned the families displaced by cross-border attacks
    Expenditure/yearly budget 99.9% voter registration process and called for a did not have enough food to go around.
    boycott of the poll. In late 2005, a number
    PERSONNEL
    15 expatriates
    of opposition groups took up arms and In the far north, armed remnants of the
    57 national staff (daily workers not included) attacked military positions and police sta- Movement for Democracy and Justice in
    tions in main towns, primarily in eastern Chad lingered in the Tibesti region.
    KEY POINTS Chad. A presidential election was scheduled
    for 2006.
    In 2005, the ICRC:
    delivered over 5,000 RCMs to Sudanese At the same time, the three-year-old con-
    refugees who had fled from Darfur to eastern
    flict in the neighbouring Sudanese region
    Chad, and collected some 9,500 RCMs for
    delivery to their families; of Darfur continued to have considerable
    followed up the cases of around repercussions for Chad. More Chadian
    600 Sudanese child refugees separated troops were stationed along the border
    from their parents and reunited 14 with with Sudan. A contingent of French troops
    their families; and a small number of African Union mon-
    in eastern Chad, delivered food and/or itors were also in the region. The Sudanese
    household goods to more than 6,000 IDPs
    refugee population stabilized at around
    and residents affected by cross-border
    attacks from Sudan and was repairing and 200,000. The majority of refugees were
    maintaining water systems in 4 towns living in 12 UNHCR-run camps away from
    (total population: 132,000); the border. Along the border and in rural
    evacuated over 30 war-wounded from areas outside the vicinity of the camps,
    rural areas of eastern Chad to urban Chadian residents faced growing security
    medical facilities and supported a physical problems. Armed groups carried out raids,
    rehabilitation centre in N’Djamena that
    treated more than 1,800 disabled people;
    including cross-border incursions from
    visited some 2,000 detainees in 35 places Sudan, killing and wounding civilians and
    of detention and followed the individual stealing cattle and other goods. The fre-
    cases of more than 200 security detainees; quency of these raids increased in the last
    with Chadian armed forces’ approval, two months of 2005 as government forces
    stepped up IHL promotion among troops were redeployed along the eastern border
    and police stationed in eastern Chad.
    in the light of attacks by Chadian armed
    opposition groups. The deterioration in the
    security situation reignited tensions between
    Chad and Sudan.

    65
    AFRICA CHAD

    MAIN FIGURES AND INDICATORS

    PEOPLE DEPRIVED OF THEIR FREEDOM (All categories/all statuses) CIVILIANS


    Detainees visited 2,116 Economic security, water and habitat
    Detainees visited and monitored individually 228 Food Beneficiaries 6,256
    Number of visits carried out 63 Essential household items Beneficiaries 4,352
    Number of places of detention visited 35 Water-supply schemes and sanitation systems
    RESTORING FAMILY LINKS (completed projects) Beneficiaries 132,000
    Red Cross messages (RCMs) and reunifications WOUNDED AND SICK
    RCMs collected 9,514 Physical rehabilitation
    RCMs distributed 5,088 Patients receiving services Patients 1,824
    People reunited with their families 15 Prostheses delivered Pieces 186
    Tracing requests, including cases of missing persons Orthoses delivered Pieces 196
    People for whom a tracing request was newly registered 614
    Tracing requests closed positively (persons located) 294
    Tracing requests still being handled at 31 December 2005 440
    Unaccompanied minors (UAMs) and separated children (SCs),
    including unaccompanied demobilized child soldiers
    UAMs/SCs newly registered by the ICRC 598
    UAMs/SCs reunited with their families by the ICRC 14
    UAMs/SCs cases still being handled at 31 December 2005 559

    ICRC ACTION and civil authorities of their responsibility CIVILIANS


    to protect and assist civilians in the event
    The ICRC focused its resources in Chad on of armed violence. Protecting civilians
    meeting needs in the east arising from the The ICRC closely monitored the situation
    conflict in Darfur and, during the last few To complement the international support in eastern Chad and made several oral
    months of 2005, from internal tensions. for hospitals and health centres around the representations to remind the civil and
    Sudanese refugee camps, the ICRC evacu- military authorities of their obligation to
    Working closely with UN agencies, NGOs ated war-wounded from rural areas to urban protect civilians from the effects of armed
    and the Chadian Red Cross, the ICRC was medical facilities and provided supplies to violence.
    the lead organization responsible for restor- rural health centres. The limb-fitting and
    ing family links for Sudanese refugees. It physiotherapy centre in N’Djamena, one of Restoring family links
    maintained the tracing and RCM services only two such centres in Chad, continued The ICRC, in coordination with UN agencies
    in all 12 Sudanese refugee camps in eastern to receive ICRC support, especially to treat and NGOs, was the lead agency responsible
    Chad, as well as for refugees sheltering patients whose disabilities resulted from for restoring family links for the Sudanese
    just inside the border with Sudan. The pri- armed violence, including mines, which refugees in eastern Chad. The delegation,
    ority was to locate child refugees and put were a problem in the north. with the help of the refugees and Chadian
    them back in contact with their parents Red Cross volunteers, offered the tracing
    through RCMs. As in past years, the ICRC visited security and RCM services in all 12 refugee camps.
    detainees in places of detention country-
    As most international aid in eastern Chad wide and provided small-scale assistance The ICRC’s priority was to put child refugees
    was directed to the refugee camps and to improve prison infrastructure and back in touch with their parents through
    nearby communities, ICRC assistance tar- sanitation conditions. RCMs and, where possible, reunite the
    geted vulnerable residents along the border families. The ICRC, UNHCR and UNICEF
    with Sudan and in rural areas. The delega- The delegation also moved ahead with signed an agreement on procedures to
    tion improved access to water in four towns various programmes to spread knowledge coordinate information about such child
    and delivered food and household supplies of IHL, targeting the government, the armed refugees. To help find their parents, the
    to families whose livelihoods were threat- forces and academic institutions. The ICRC ICRC put up posters in the Sudanese
    ened by cross-border attacks. It also carried significantly stepped up IHL promotion refugee camps in Chad, as well as in Darfur
    out an assessment of economic security in among troops and police stationed in and Khartoum, displaying the photos of
    eastern Chad, which revealed that the eastern Chad and, for the first time, gave 200 child refugees. The campaign raised
    harvest was sufficient to meet needs in 2005, presentations on IHL and the ICRC to the awareness of the tracing network and
    except in communities where an influx of Republican Guard. brought in some information about parents
    IDPs had exhausted local resources. As the sought, as well as new tracing enquiries.
    security situation deteriorated, the ICRC To ensure the maximum impact of human- In some camps, however, ICRC delegates
    was one of the few organizations left itarian aid, the ICRC played a key role in encountered problems registering child
    operating in the volatile border area. It coordinating the activities of Movement refugees. Because of strong clan ties, many
    monitored the situation closely and shared partners working in Chad – the Chadian of these children were cared for by foster
    information with other organizations about Red Cross, the International Federation families, some of whom felt that registra-
    any movements of populations inland and and the French and Spanish Red Cross tion implied that the children were not
    their needs. It also reminded the military Societies. being properly cared for.

    66
    ICRC ANNUAL REPORT 2005

    At the instigation of the ICRC, UNHCR in coordinating aid for people internally WOUNDED AND SICK
    was working with its implementing part- displaced by cross-border raids or internal
    ners and the Chadian authorities to set up a violence. In May, the delegation provided Treating the war-wounded
    system to register any deaths of Sudanese tarpaulins and jerrycans to IDPs who had The number of war-wounded in Chad
    refugees and inform the families. fled their eight border villages following remained relatively low during 2005 and
    cross-border attacks and taken refuge in hospitals and health clinics in eastern
    5,044 RCMs delivered and 9,442 RCMs Koloy, a village south-east of Adré. As the Chad were generally well supported by
    collected for delivery IDPs did not return to their villages for UN agencies and NGOs. The ICRC, there-
    598 child refugees separated from fear of being attacked again, the ICRC, fore, limited its activities to stepping in
    their parents registered and, in coordination with WFP, followed up in where needed, primarily along the border
    at 31 December 2005, the cases of September with a distribution of food with Sudan, to ensure that people wounded
    559 such children being followed up rations for two months to the IDPs and during cross-border attacks or internal
    15 people, including 14 children, host community. The food aid aimed to armed violence received adequate medical
    reunited with their families ensure that the beneficiaries could plant treatment.
    294 people located at their families’ the seeds that had been provided by other
    request organizations, rather than have to sell or In eastern Chad, the ICRC:
    440 requests to trace relatives, including consume them to survive until the harvest
    69 children, pending in late October or early November. evacuated 33 war-wounded from rural
    areas to urban medical facilities;
    Alleviating water shortages 4,352 IDPs provided with essential provided 2 health centres with dressing
    In eastern Chad, the ICRC, as budgeted, household items kits and stretchers to cope with an
    worked with local authorities and water 4,352 IDPs and 1,904 residents provided influx of casualties;
    committees to repair water systems in the with 220 tonnes of food aid as a neutral intermediary, organized
    border towns of Adré and Tiné, as well as treatment at the Military Teaching
    in the town of Iriba, which was near four Hospital in N’Djamena, including
    refugee camps. In cooperation with the PEOPLE DEPRIVED covering the medical costs, for
    national water board, it also boosted the OF THEIR FREEDOM 8 Sudanese war-wounded who crossed
    capacity of Abéché’s water system by 40% into eastern Chad.
    so that the network could cope with the The ICRC regularly visited detention facil-
    influx of refugees and aid workers into the ities under the authority of the Office of Providing services for amputees
    regional centre. The ICRC followed up the President and the Ministries of Justice, The ICRC financed the fitting of some
    with maintenance and further repairs to Defence and Public Security. It monitored 100 war amputees at the Kabalye physical
    the systems, while providing training or detention conditions and followed the rehabilitation centre (CARK) in N’Djamena.
    other support, as needed, to the authorities individual cases of 228 security detainees, CARK was one of only two such centres in
    and water committees. ICRC delegates also 210 of them registered in 2005. Following Chad and was run by the NGO Secours
    made several field trips in the second half of authorization by the Ministry of Justice Catholique et Développement (SECADEV).
    2005 to assess the availability of water in in February, the ICRC began notifying The ICRC also continued to provide the
    villages in rural border areas affected by the UNHCR of any refugees being held in centre with materials, training and super-
    deteriorating security situation, especially connection with ordinary crimes. vision to ensure good quality treatment for
    in the Dar Sila area where IDPs were living. disabled people, especially mine victims and
    As a result, several rural water projects were During detention visits, the ICRC deliv- those wounded during armed violence. In
    set to start in early 2006. ered 44 RCMs to detainees and collected November, a CARK technician made a field
    72 messages to pass on to their families. trip to eastern Chad, financed by the ICRC,
    4 urban water systems repaired, serving Where necessary, delegates distributed basic to assess the demand for physical rehabil-
    some 132,000 people supplies, such as soap, mats, plates, cups itation services there. During 2005, the
    and water containers, to contribute to the delegation also helped SECADEV develop
    Monitoring economic security general health and welfare of the inmates. relations with potential donors to finance
    In mid-2005, the ICRC carried out a three- The ICRC also built showers and latrines activities not supported by the ICRC.
    month assessment of the economic security in Abéché and Iriba prisons, repaired the
    of the resident population in eastern Chad, water reservoir in Abéché prison and 1,824 patients given physical rehabilitation
    which included the state of livestock. The organized medical care for inmates in pris- services, including 184 amputees
    survey indicated that, following a good rainy ons in Adré and N’Djamena. 97 new patients fitted with prostheses
    season and an above average harvest, the and 106 with orthoses
    population in eastern Chad had sufficient After the visits, the ICRC informed the 186 prostheses (95 for mine victims),
    food stocks to cover their needs for some authorities, in confidence, of its findings 196 orthoses (13 for mine victims) and
    months. The ICRC continued to monitor the and recommendations. During some deten- 644 crutches delivered
    situation, ready to alert the authorities and tion visits, ICRC delegates were accompa-
    aid organizations to any needs and to help nied by the director of the national prison
    meet those needs, within its capacity. administration so that recommendations
    could be discussed on the spot.
    Providing emergency aid
    As one of the few organizations operating
    in the increasingly volatile border region
    of eastern Chad, the ICRC took a lead role

    67
    AFRICA CHAD

    AUTHORITIES CIVIL SOCIETY

    Chad had ratified many of the main IHL The ICRC regularly updated journalists
    treaties but had not yet implemented their on its humanitarian concerns and the per-
    provisions. During 2005, two domestic laws tinence of IHL to current events in the
    which the ICRC had helped draft were sub- region. As a result, various local media ran
    mitted to the cabinet for approval, one on stories on the delegation’s activities in east-
    the protection of the emblem and the other ern Chad, which drew public attention to
    implementing the Ottawa Convention. the plight of the refugees and residents
    The ICRC also organized a round-table in affected by the conflict in Darfur or by
    September on the status of IHL implemen- internal tensions. The delegation also held a
    tation in Chad, which drew an audience of one-day session on IHL in December for
    more than 250 representatives of govern- journalists from eleven print and electronic
    ment ministries, parliament, the armed media outlets.
    forces, the judiciary, the academic commu-
    nity and the media (see also Civil Society). The ICRC continued to work with Chadian
    academic institutions to integrate IHL into
    their curricula. The long-term aim was to
    ARMED FORCES AND OTHER build a base of knowledge of and support
    BEARERS OF WEAPONS for IHL among the country’s future leaders.
    With ICRC support, the civil service college
    With ICRC support, recruits of the Chadian introduced a 30-hour course on IHL, taught
    armed forces received IHL training, while by its own lecturers. N’Djamena University
    an IHL reference centre set up by the had already integrated IHL into its law
    Ministry of Defence in 2002 coordinated degree and the new university in Abéché
    IHL instruction at the country’s 12 armed planned to do the same. To support these
    forces training centres. During 2005, the initiatives, the ICRC chaired a round-table
    ICRC received blanket authorization from discussion on IHL in September with five
    the Chadian armed forces’ chief of general law lecturers from the college and two
    staff to hold sessions on IHL for military universities. More than 250 people from
    and security personnel stationed in eastern government, judicial, academic and media
    Chad. With the green light from the author- circles attended the event.
    ities, the ICRC also started in July to pro-
    vide information on IHL and the ICRC to
    the Republican Guard. RED CROSS AND
    RED CRESCENT MOVEMENT
    During 2005, the ICRC:
    The Red Cross of Chad and the International
    held a two-day refresher course for Federation were jointly running two Sudanese
    30 armed forces IHL instructors; refugee camps in eastern Chad, as imple-
    provided information on IHL and menting partners of UNHCR. As a result,
    the ICRC to 250 Republican Guard some of the National Society’s capacity-
    personnel, 200 armed forces officers building programmes supported by the ICRC
    and 70 police personnel, including could not be fully implemented. During 2005,
    officers, stationed in eastern Chad, the Chadian Red Cross, with ICRC support,
    40 non-commissioned army officers mobilized first-aiders during the referen-
    and 500 members of the police force dum. In addition, a plan of action was being
    at training centres or in field units, drawn up to reinforce the National Society’s
    and 23 Chadian armed forces officers tracing and communication activities
    joining the UN peace-keeping mission and provide training in the “Safer Access”
    in Burundi; approach.
    provided funds and technical input
    to assist the IHL reference centre The ICRC also played a key role in organ-
    in producing an IHL instructor’s izing regular meetings in the field and in
    handbook for the armed forces. N’Djamena between Movement partners
    working in Chad (the ICRC, the Chadian
    Red Cross, the International Federation
    and the French and Spanish Red Cross
    Societies) in order to coordinate humani-
    tarian objectives and activities.

    68
    republic of
    democratic
    the congo
    CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC The ICRC opened a permanent delegation in
    SUDAN
    Zaire, now the Democratic Republic of the
    CAMEROON Congo, in 1978. It promotes respect for the
    PROVINCE ORIENTALE
    EQUATEUR
    Buta
    basic rules of IHL and human rights law by the
    Bunia
    REPUBLIC
    Kisangani Beni authorities in their treatment of civilians and
    of the Mbandaka
    GABON CONGO
    Opala
    NORTH
    KIVU UGANDA detainees. It ensures that displaced people and
    Goma
    D EM O CRATI C R E P U B L I C Bukavu RWANDA
    residents affected by armed conflict and violence
    of t he C O N GO Shabunda
    Kindu Uvira have the means to survive and become self-
    SOUTH
    BURUNDI
    Kasangulu
    KINSHASA KASAI
    OCCIDENTAL
    MANIEMA
    KIVU sufficient and that the wounded and sick receive
    KASAI
    BANDUNDU
    BAS-CONGO ORIENTAL
    Kalemie
    TANZANIA adequate health care. It works to restore contact
    Kananga Mbuji Mayi between separated family members – where
    Malemba
    Kamina Nkulu necessary and possible reuniting children with
    KATANGA
    their families – and supports the development
    ANGOLA Kolwezi Likasi
    Lubumbashi
    ZAMBIA of the National Society.

    400 km
    ICRC/AR.2005

    ICRC delegation ICRC sub-delegation ICRC office

    EXPENDITURE (IN CHF ,000)


    Protection 8,441
    Assistance 14,960
    Prevention 3,145 CONTEXT
    Cooperation with National Societies 3,087
    General - The authorities overcame huge logistical in the Kivu provinces pushed members of
    problems to register more than 25 million the group deeper into the country.
    29,632 voters, holding a constitutional referendum
    of which: Overheads 1,809 in December, the first such vote in the Armed clashes, including operations by the
    IMPLEMENTATION RATE Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) FARDC against Mai Mai groups refusing
    Expenditure/yearly budget 99.9% since independence. The overwhelming integration, affected many residents in the
    vote in favour of the constitution paved the east, especially in Katanga, North Kivu and
    PERSONNEL
    48 expatriates
    way for parliamentary and presidential Province Orientale. The population was
    486 national staff (daily workers not included) elections. The polls were postponed until often subjected to violations of IHL – loot-
    2006, however, after parliament extended ing, rape and the burning of villages. As a
    KEY POINTS the transition process begun in July 2003. result, many people remained reliant on aid
    This was the second and final extension of organizations to meet their most basic needs.
    In 2005, the ICRC: the process allowed under the Sun City The threat of epidemics and starvation,
    ensured that the basic needs of hundreds peace accords. which had killed hundreds of thousands
    of thousands of civilians were met by
    between 1997 and 2003, was contained but
    completing water-supply projects, distributing
    essential household items and supporting The United Nations Organization Mission not eliminated.
    health centres and hospitals; in the DRC (MONUC) was extended until
    strengthened the capacities of State water after the elections, with the majority of its Security forces and public sector workers
    and agricultural services by ensuring their peace-keepers deployed in the eastern part remained unpaid, and widespread corrup-
    active participation in and ownership of of the country, a region still plagued by vio- tion discouraged donors who preferred to
    programmes intended for handover to lence. Following the killing of 11 peace- wait until the end of the transition before
    development organizations;
    keepers in the Ituri district during 2005 and committing resources. A gap, therefore,
    launched and consolidated a project to aid
    victims of sexual violence in South Kivu; pressure from the international commu- remained between the provision of human-
    visited and monitored security detainees nity, MONUC began giving logistical itarian aid and the planning and launching
    both in prisons and in places of temporary support to the national army (FARDC) in of development programmes.
    detention; military operations against the Ituri militias
    helped restore family links through its RCM and foreign rebel groups operating in
    network and organized family reunifications North and South Kivu.
    for unaccompanied children, including those
    demobilized from armed groups and forces;
    held numerous IHL familiarization sessions The Rwandan armed opposition group based
    for army officers, troops and former in eastern DRC, the Democratic Liberation
    members of armed groups, and for police Forces of Rwanda, appeared to split after
    and security officers. attending peace talks in Rome in March.
    One faction had expressed its intention to
    return voluntarily to Rwanda under the
    auspices of MONUC’s demobilization pro-
    gramme, but the plan was abandoned after
    military operations against hardliners

    69
    AFRICA DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO

    MAIN FIGURES AND INDICATORS

    PEOPLE DEPRIVED OF THEIR FREEDOM (All categories/all statuses) CIVILIANS AND PEOPLE DEPRIVED OF THEIR FREEDOM
    Detainees visited 6,119 Economic security, water and habitat
    Detainees visited and monitored individually 599 Food Beneficiaries 14,893
    Number of visits carried out 180 Essential household items Beneficiaries 52,944
    Number of places of detention visited 40 Agricultural inputs and micro-economic initiatives Beneficiaries 117,567
    RESTORING FAMILY LINKS Water-supply schemes and sanitation systems
    Red Cross messages (RCMs) and reunifications (completed projects) Beneficiaries 1,067,148
    RCMs collected 164,018 Health
    RCMs distributed 154,616 Health centres supported Structures 4
    People reunited with their families 914 Consultations Patients 11,852
    Tracing requests, including cases of missing persons Immunizations Activities 5,274
    People for whom a tracing request was newly registered 985 WOUNDED AND SICK
    Tracing requests closed positively (persons located) 572 Hospitals supported Structures 5
    Tracing requests still being handled at 31 December 2005 960 Admissions Patients 17,277
    Unaccompanied minors (UAMs) and separated children (SCs), Operations Operations performed 3,941
    including unaccompanied demobilized child soldiers Physical rehabilitation
    UAMs/SCs newly registered by the ICRC 1,378 Patients receiving services Patients 834
    UAMs/SCs reunited with their families by the ICRC 914 Prostheses delivered Pieces 648
    UAMs/SCs cases still being handled at 31 December 2005 953 Orthoses delivered Pieces 226
    DOCUMENTS ISSUED
    People to whom a detention attestation was issued 47

    ICRC ACTION completed 13 water-supply projects. It also The ICRC continued to provide the Red
    ran agricultural and fish-farming pro- Cross Society of the DRC with material,
    The ICRC, aiming for better relations with grammes. The delegation once again technical and financial support.
    the transitional authorities and more effec- distributed essential household items to
    tive coordination of its activities, merged thousands of people directly affected by
    the management of its eastern and western conflict. CIVILIANS
    operations, which had been administrated
    separately since 1998. As sexual violence had unfortunately Protecting the civilian population
    become commonplace in the unsettled The FARDC and MONUC stepped up their
    In light of the extension of the transitional eastern part of the country, the ICRC operations against foreign rebels and
    phase, coupled with the continuing conflict launched a pilot project to provide medical Congolese armed groups and militias. In
    in numerous areas, the ICRC maintained its and psychological support to victims and the wake of the resulting armed clashes, the
    presence in the field to assess and respond developed strategies aimed at tackling the civilian population was often subjected to
    to the needs of the local population and to causes and effects of sexual violence. various forms of harassment, the most
    be ready, in the event the security situation common being sexual violence, looting,
    further deteriorated, to deal with any crises The tracing network in the DRC remained arbitrary detention and murder.
    requiring a humanitarian response. The the world’s largest. The ICRC concentrated
    delegation conducted two missions in the on offering the RCM service to families The ICRC continued to monitor and doc-
    south and west of Ituri district to assess the who had still had no news of their relatives ument such incidents and made 15 formal
    possibility of resuming activities suspended or who had no other means of keeping in representations to the parties involved. It
    in 2001 after six of its staff members were touch. Tracing requests from neighbouring provided material assistance to people dis-
    killed in the region. In 2005, the ICRC countries were accepted for the first time, placed by the fighting, but only when it was
    concentrated its operations in the volatile and the number of people who were clear that the distributions would not
    North and South Kivu provinces and the located outnumbered those who were not. attract further looting.
    Tanganyika district in Katanga province
    and, to a slightly lesser extent, in the rest of The ICRC encouraged the authorities to The project launched in South Kivu
    Katanga, Maniema and Province Orientale. push ahead with the demobilization of chil- addressing the psychological and medical
    dren formerly associated with armed forces needs of victims of sexual violence was
    The delegation liaised with the authorities and armed groups and offered its tracing stepped up. Various forms of prevention
    about its plan to phase out water, farming network to locate their families and ease activities were developed and the delegation
    and health projects and hand over these reunification with them. met military commanders to propose the
    programmes to local authorities and devel- development of communication activities
    opment organizations. Health centres pre- The delegation continued to remind the aimed at reducing the incidence of rape.
    viously supported by the ICRC in Equateur authorities of their obligations under IHL
    and Province Orientale were handed over and to explain its role and mandate to 219 victims of sexual violence treated in
    to local authorities or NGOs. The ICRC, opinion-makers in the country. It moni- ICRC-supported health centres, of
    however, did continue activities to improve tored the conditions of approximately two- whom 26 cases within 3 days of being
    the population’s living conditions and thirds of the DRC’s prison population. assaulted

    70
    ICRC ANNUAL REPORT 2005

    a play explaining rape victims’ medical Ensuring safe water for residents distributed essential household items such
    and psychological needs performed for The ICRC continued to work on large- and as blankets, cooking equipment, jerrycans,
    almost 2,000 people medium-scale projects with the rural and clothing and soap to victims of such viola-
    119 people trained to provide coun- urban water boards, the Service National tions. It endeavoured to ensure the safety
    selling to victims of sexual violence d’Hydraulique Rurale and the REGIDESO, of beneficiaries and staff during distribu-
    thereby boosting their capacities. tions. However, security and access problems
    Restoring family links meant that the ICRC could only supply half
    In spite of improved communication services, water-supply schemes and sanitation the number of people it had planned to
    especially mobile phone networks covering systems completed, benefiting assist in 2005.
    urban areas, a significant proportion of the 1,067,148 people including: 8 major
    population continued to rely on the RCM urban projects in Goma, Kalemie, The ICRC continued its seed and tool proj-
    network. The ICRC only offered the RCM Malemba N’Kulu, Moba and Ubundu ect, handing out improved staple crop vari-
    service to people who had no other means and 10 drinking-water systems in eties in targeted areas and funding local
    of contacting their relatives and, as a result, rural areas farmers’ associations. On a smaller scale, it
    the number of RCMs decreased slightly. 4 water projects under way in Kindu, launched a fish farming project in August.
    Kongolo, Moba and Punia The ICRC encouraged the involvement of
    The delegation continued to reunite unac- relevant State services in these projects,
    companied children with their families and Enhancing basic health care supporting their initiatives and strength-
    provided material and financial assistance A survey of ICRC-assisted primary-health- ening their technical capacities.
    to centres caring for minors. The results of care services found that many people were
    an evaluation of the ICRC programme for not able to afford medical care. The dele- 49,060 people provided with essential
    unaccompanied minors in the Great Lakes gation therefore developed a system of household items and 14,400 people
    region showed that the service was still subsidizing health centres, linking the level with food rations
    relevant and that a significant number of of funding with the quality of service pro- 116,050 people benefited from agricul-
    children, mainly of Congolese and Rwandan vided to patients. tural supplies and micro-economic
    origin, were still seeking their families, even initiatives; basic seed-analysis equipment
    after many years of separation. The ICRC completed a hygiene-education donated to Maniema seed laboratory
    programme in Malemba N’Kulu to help 4 key National Aquaculture Service staff
    The ICRC cooperated with the National control prevalent diseases, particularly participated in a one-week training
    Demobilization and Reintegration Com- cholera and malaria. The programme trained course in fish farming in Butare
    mission and international child-protection community health workers and promoted (Rwanda)
    agencies to put children formerly associated the use of impregnated mosquito nets, clean
    with armed groups back in contact with water and latrines, and waste management.
    and, where appropriate, reunite them with PEOPLE DEPRIVED
    their families. In the second half of the year, The ICRC resumed support to Matchumbi OF THEIR FREEDOM
    there was a drop in the number of children health centre after suspending it in 2004
    registered, as the demobilization of armed because of insecurity. It further assisted Ensuring adequate
    forces, factions and groups in the DRC three health centres in South Kivu and ren- conditions for detainees
    progressed more slowly than expected. ovated and enlarged the health centre in The delegation continued to monitor the
    Logistic problems and the lack of effective Sange. Local authorities and development living conditions and treatment of detainees
    reintegration programmes for minors ham- NGOs took over support to 11 health cen- and spoke individually with security
    pered attempts to monitor the phenomenon tres in Equateur and Province Orientale detainees. In general, ICRC delegates were
    of children returning to armed forces or previously assisted by the ICRC. unhindered when visiting places of deten-
    groups after demobilization. tion. The ICRC offered its RCM service so
    In 4 ICRC-supported health facilities with a that detainees could contact their families.
    151,407 RCMs collected from and catchment population of some 28,000 people: Where necessary, it reminded the authorities
    144,976 RCMs delivered to civilians of their obligation to respect detainees’
    676 unaccompanied/separated children 1 health centre, with a catchment judicial guarantees. In addition, it reported
    and 702 demobilized child soldiers population of 10,000, rehabilitated its findings and made recommendations to
    registered by the ICRC and/or the and extended the authorities if detainees lacked sufficient
    National Society 1 hospital out-patient clinic and food, medical care or clean water.
    491 unaccompanied/separated children 2 health centres provided with specialized
    and 423 demobilized child soldiers kits to treat victims of sexual violence as Living conditions in many prisons remained
    registered reunited with their families well as training and follow-up unsatisfactory, and malnutrition, though
    by the ICRC and/or the National health-awareness sessions conducted for varying in severity, continued to affect
    Society some 6,000 people around 30% of the inmates visited. The
    cases of 731 unaccompanied/separated 5,000 mosquito nets donated to local ICRC’s regular representations to the
    children and 222 demobilized child health authorities authorities had limited effect.
    soldiers registered by the ICRC were
    still being handled Providing economic support Prison authorities, deprived of even a nom-
    985 new tracing requests opened, Reaching rural populations subjected to inal budget, relied on regular but insuffi-
    572 resolved and 960 pending frequent alleged violations of IHL remained cient food donations from various charitable
    difficult owing to security considerations or religious organizations. Consequently,
    and the lack of infrastructure. The ICRC the ICRC regularly distributed food rations

    71
    AFRICA DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO

    to a number of prisons and provided Kisangani (Province Orientale) received ad Raising awareness
    severely malnourished inmates with high- hoc assistance from the ICRC in order to of the ICRC’s mandate
    calorie therapeutic feeding. The ICRC’s cope with an increase of war-wounded fol- The ICRC continued to hold information
    kitchen-garden programmes in two prisons lowing military activity in Ituri and North sessions for national and local authorities
    in Lubumbashi improved the inmates’ diet. and South Kivu. throughout the country. The delegation
    The delegation supplied seven prisons with also maintained contact with other influen-
    medicine and disinfectant every three months. A surgeon from Panzi hospital was sent to a tial officials, such as ambassadors and rep-
    training course in Addis Ababa to improve resentatives of international organizations,
    The ICRC undertook a major water and the quality of surgical interventions for in particular MONUC.
    sanitation rehabilitation project in Goma women suffering from fistulae, which are
    prison. It also carried out small-scale water often the result of sexual violence. 1 workshop held for around 100 civil
    and sanitation work in three other prisons servants at the Ministry of Foreign
    it regularly visited in Katanga. in 5 ICRC-supported hospitals, 17,277 Affairs
    patients admitted (including 55 weapon 8 information sessions addressing
    6,119 people visited, including wounded), 11,852 consultations 374 people held for provincial and
    175 newly registered and 599 monitored conducted, 3,941 operations performed local authorities in Katanga, Province
    individually, during 181 visits to 3 ICRC war-surgery seminars attended Orientale, Maniema and North and
    40 places of detention by 135 surgeons and physicians South Kivu
    12,611 RCMs collected from and 1 hospital, with a catchment population
    9,640 RCMs distributed to detainees of 15,000, provided with a drinking-
    3,884 detainees given a monthly soap water system ARMED FORCES AND OTHER
    ration and a one-off distribution of BEARERS OF WEAPONS
    blankets, jerrycans, buckets and basins In 3 ICRC-supported physical rehabilita-
    493 detainees received monthly food tion facilities: Promoting IHL among
    rations weapon bearers
    1,517 detainees assisted through 834 patients received services The ICRC pursued efforts to promote the
    kitchen garden programmes 583 new patients fitted with prostheses systematic integration of IHL into the
    and 218 with orthoses training of the new armed forces of the
    648 prostheses (125 for mine victims), DRC, building on the momentum begun
    WOUNDED AND SICK 226 orthoses (34 for mine victims), by a directive to this effect issued by the
    861 crutches and 6 wheelchairs delivered Ministry of Defence. It cooperated with the
    The conflict, internal violence and occa- command and general staff colleges and
    sional incidents involving mines or other participated in training courses for future
    explosive remnants of war (ERW) continued AUTHORITIES battalion and brigade commanders. The
    to claim victims. Hospitals, particularly in ICRC also conducted regular information
    rural areas, lacked the materials, medicines Promoting adherence to IHL treaties sessions on IHL for MONUC officers and
    and often the skills to perform emergency The ICRC continued to urge the authorities Congolese army and police officers.
    surgery. to accede to all IHL treaties and in particular
    the Convention on Certain Conventional 580 military instructors at army
    The ICRC cooperated with three physical Weapons and its protocols. It also encour- integration camps briefed on IHL
    rehabilitation centres, in Kinshasa and aged the DRC authorities to adopt a new 664 senior officers, 5,342 officers
    Mbuji Mayi, to ensure that war amputees law to protect the red cross emblem. and troops, 80 Mai Mai fighters and
    and other physically disabled people received 1,731 police and security officers
    quality medical treatment. In December, The ICRC organized a conference on arms briefed on IHL
    the ICRC began support to a fourth centre and IHL attended by a number of national 1 information session on IHL/ICRC
    in Goma. experts. At the close of the event, recom- organized for 35 officers of MONUC’s
    mendations were drawn up for the adoption operational headquarters in Kisangani
    The ICRC supported hospitals in Lemera and ratification of international treaties 50 South African MONUC officers
    and Panzi (South Kivu) and Pinga (North pertaining to the illegal trafficking of small briefed on IHL during predeployment
    Kivu), providing regular supplies of medi- arms, antipersonnel mines and chemical training
    cine and medical and hygiene materials. It and biological weapons.
    suspended aid to Uvira hospital, however,
    as it was suffering management problems. The ICRC encouraged the DRC to attend CIVIL SOCIETY
    In December, the hospital agreed to consult the Diplomatic Conference on Additional
    an ICRC hospital administrator in order to Protocol III relating to the adoption of a Informing the media, academia
    improve the quality of medical services. third emblem. It also obtained support and the general public
    Owing to an upsurge in fighting, the ICRC from the DRC for the inclusion of IHL in The ICRC continued to work with the media,
    began supporting Mubumbano hospital in the African Union’s projects concerning regularly issuing press releases, organizing
    South Kivu. displaced persons and the right of return. workshops on IHL and the ICRC and
    accompanying journalists to the field to
    The ICRC continued to accept requests to 35 experts attended a workshop on observe the organization’s activities.
    airlift war-wounded in Katanga to appro- arms and IHL
    priate medical facilities. Hospitals in Goma
    (North Kivu), Kaziba (South Kivu) and

    72
    ICRC ANNUAL REPORT 2005

    The delegation maintained working relations Supporting micro-projects


    with NGOs involved in development proj- and conflict preparedness
    ects. It kept contact with academic circles, The ICRC financed 17 National Society
    holding numerous information sessions micro-projects for vulnerable people and
    attended by lecturers and students. trained staff to manage the projects effi-
    ciently. It donated first-aid material and
    54 information sessions held for over provided training for the creation of a
    2,000 civilians nationwide emergency plan, which was
    12 press releases distributed, put into practice on Independence Day and
    3 newsletters issued and 25 radio/ during the constitutional referendum.
    television spots aired
    1 workshop organized for 22 journalists 17 National Society micro-projects
    in Province Orientale funded in 9 provinces, benefiting
    10 information sessions held in 22,616 persons
    3 universities for 454 students 45 training sessions organized for
    1 IHL lecturer sponsored to attend the over 1,000 Red Cross volunteers
    pan-African course on IHL in Yaoundé 29 information sessions on the Red
    (Cameroon) Cross and the Fundamental Principles
    3 information sessions organized financed, attended by more than
    for 213 judges 2,000 people in 6 provinces

    RED CROSS AND


    RED CRESCENT MOVEMENT

    Supporting capacity building


    The ICRC signed a cooperation agreement
    drawn up at a meeting organized by the
    Red Cross Society of the DRC and attended
    by numerous participating National Societies
    either active in the country or willing to
    develop programmes there.

    8 National Society headquarters staff


    salaries paid; English lessons for
    9 general secretariat staff sponsored;
    39 trips by senior National Society staff
    to monitor training and activities and to
    promote the National Society’s statutes
    and regulations funded
    annual general meetings of 10 provincial
    committees’ financially supported; the
    transport costs paid for 11 provincial
    presidents to attend the central
    committee’s annual general meeting
    6 local Red Cross offices constructed
    or renovated
    motorbikes and boats donated to
    5 provincial and district committees

    Restoring family links


    The ICRC enhanced the National Society’s
    tracing activities by organizing training ses-
    sions. It paid monthly stipends to 364 Red
    Cross volunteers for collecting and distrib-
    uting RCMs. The delegation donated a
    motorbike and office supplies to the
    National Society.

    73
    congo
    CENTRAL AFRICAN REP. The ICRC has worked in the Republic of the Congo
    CAMEROON
    since 1994, first through the Kinshasa regional dele-
    LIKOUALA
    gation and since 1998 as a separate delegation. It

    UI
    promotes respect for IHL and human rights law by

    ANG
    OUB
    Ouesso the authorities in their treatment of civilians and
    SANGHA
    NG
    O
    detainees and encourages the inclusion of IHL in the
    CO

    GABON
    RE P U B L I C o f t h e C O N G O instruction of the armed forces, police and gen-
    CUVETTE darmerie. The ICRC also provides civilians affected
    Owando by the conflict with agricultural tools and seeds,
    Loukolela
    Oyo improves water, sanitation and health-care facilities
    Gamboma DEMOCRATIC
    PLATEAUX REPUBLIC
    and restores contact between separated relatives,
    where necessary reuniting children with their families.
    CONG O

    NIARI LEKOUMOU of the CONGO


    POOL

    Kindamba
    It also helps strengthen the operational capacity of
    Dolisie
    KOUIKOU BOUENZA
    Madingou
    BRAZZAVILLE the Congolese Red Cross.
    Pointe-Noire Mindouli Kinkala
    ATLANTIC 200 km
    OCEAN ICRC/AR.2005

    ICRC delegation ICRC sub-delegation ICRC office

    EXPENDITURE (IN CHF ,000)


    Protection 1,028
    Assistance 4,602
    Prevention 1,402 CONTEXT
    Cooperation with National Societies 419
    General - The Republic of the Congo remained in a In December, the International Monetary
    period of transition characterized by relative Fund postponed its decision to give Congo
    7,451 stability and calm, with robberies and other access to its Heavily Indebted Poor Coun-
    of which: Overheads 454 criminal activity still taking place in Pool. tries programme, a reflection of its doubts
    IMPLEMENTATION RATE President Sassou-Nguesso unexpectedly about the government’s determination to
    Expenditure/yearly budget 82.0% pardoned his political archrival, Bernard revise the management of State revenues.
    Kolélas, an emblematic figure in Congolese The postponement of further debt relief
    PERSONNEL
    15 expatriates
    politics who had been sentenced to death made additional budget allocations to the
    127 national staff (daily workers not included) in absentia, who subsequently returned social and public welfare sectors unlikely.
    from exile.
    KEY POINTS
    In May, the opposition National Resistance
    In 2005, the ICRC: Council began a unilateral “Operation
    continued to provide protection to civilians restore order and security” in Pool, which
    in sensitive areas of the Pool region (an
    included the regular presence of the move-
    estimated 120,000 people) through its
    presence and assistance programmes; ment’s leader, Reverend Ntumi, in the region
    working closely with the authorities, and helped restore some semblance of calm
    improved access to safe drinking water for and security. However, the proliferation of
    some 66,000 people in Pool; small arms, compounded by the frustrations
    provided material and training support to of arms carriers, posed a constant threat.
    10 integrated health centres (serving 65,000 The Ninja militias were perceived to be
    people) in Pool; completed repairs on
    committing robberies and other acts of vio-
    5 centres, began work on 5 others;
    provided some 55,000 people in Pool with lence with impunity. They were becoming
    agricultural and essential household items, increasingly impatient with delays in the
    mosaic-resistant cassava cuttings and promised far-ranging State investment in
    breeding fish; the region and the allocation of benefits
    gave lectures on its mandate and IHL to to which they felt entitled. The expulsion
    some 300 government officials, 2,600 army of the military wing of the Ninjas from
    personnel, 1,450 police and security
    personnel and some 200 armed elements
    Brazzaville in October exacerbated their
    of the National Resistance Council; resentment, leading to an increase in robberies
    started a gradual withdrawal from Pool by and other forms of violence and exposing
    closing its office in Dolisie and announcing the National Resistance Council’s limita-
    the closure of a sub-office in the region in tions in controlling all its armed elements.
    2006, while focusing more on other activities
    and encouraging the authorities to assume
    their rightful role in meeting the population’s
    needs.

    74
    ICRC ANNUAL REPORT 2005

    MAIN FIGURES AND INDICATORS

    PEOPLE DEPRIVED OF THEIR FREEDOM (All categories/all statuses) CIVILIANS AND PEOPLE DEPRIVED OF THEIR FREEDOM
    Detainees visited 794 Economic security, water and habitat
    Detainees visited and monitored individually 53 Food Beneficiaries 1,334
    Number of visits carried out 63 Essential household items Beneficiaries 38,065
    Number of places of detention visited 23 Agricultural inputs and micro-economic initiatives Beneficiaries 55,221
    RESTORING FAMILY LINKS Water-supply schemes and sanitation systems
    Red Cross messages (RCMs) and reunifications (completed projects) Beneficiaries 66,052
    RCMs collected 1,629 Habitat structures Beneficiaries 5,000
    RCMs distributed 2,259 Health
    People reunited with their families 9 Health centres supported Structures 10
    Tracing requests, including cases of missing persons Consultations Patients 50,260
    People for whom a tracing request was newly registered 53 Immunizations Activities 14,230
    Tracing requests closed positively (persons located) 42 WOUNDED AND SICK
    Tracing requests still being handled at 31 December 2005 31 Hospital supported Structure 1
    Unaccompanied minors (UAMs) and separated children (SCs),
    including unaccompanied demobilized child soldiers
    UAMs/SCs newly registered by the ICRC 11
    UAMs/SCs reunited with their families by the ICRC 9
    UAMs/SCs cases still being handled at 31 December 2005 20
    DOCUMENTS ISSUED
    People to whom travel documents were issued 8
    People to whom a detention attestation was issued 6

    ICRC ACTION address civilians’ lingering needs occa- Federation and continued to implement a
    sioned by previous conflicts, by the govern- few projects with the National Society.
    The ICRC maintained a permanent presence ment’s limited involvement in restoring
    in the Pool region, with expatriate and local public infrastructure and services and Working relations were maintained with
    national staff operating from offices by political uncertainty. Through its assis- the UN Office for the Coordination of
    in Kinkala, Mindouli and Kindamba. tance programmes, the organization ensured Humanitarian Affairs and other organiza-
    Although the ICRC considered the situation better access of an estimated 120,000 peo- tions providing humanitarian aid or engaged
    in Pool to be no longer a crisis in humani- ple, including IDPs who had returned to in development work in Pool.
    tarian terms, the absence of a political set- their places of origin, to essential services
    tlement to the conflict, the number of arms such as basic health care, safe drinking
    still circulating and delays in setting up a water, food and economic security. CIVILIANS
    disarmament, demobilization and reinte-
    gration programme continued to create an The ICRC regularly visited detainees, par- Protecting civilians
    environment of uncertainty. Consequently, ticularly those held for State security rea- Civilians in Pool remained vulnerable to
    reconstruction and economic recovery sons, to monitor their treatment and living extortion, looting, theft and intimidation
    remained painfully slow, and few interna- conditions. It provided advisory services to by arms carriers. Security conditions
    tional humanitarian organizations were the authorities on the implementation of improved following the launch in May of
    around to fill the gap. IHL and adherence to relevant interna- Reverend Ntumi’s initiative to reinforce
    tional treaties. To spread knowledge of IHL security and order in Pool but deteriorated
    Assistance programmes, conceived and and improve compliance with it, the ICRC significantly after the expulsion of armed
    implemented as part of a protection strat- carried on supporting the teaching of this Ninja elements from Brazzaville in October.
    egy, allowed the ICRC to remain close to body of law among armed forces, security
    the population in sensitive areas and to get and law-enforcement forces, other weapon The proliferation of small arms and the
    a clear understanding of their security con- bearers, academic circles and the media. presence of arms carriers continued to create
    cerns and living conditions. From this an insecure environment, which translated
    vantage point, the organization remained The ICRC pursued contacts with arms car- into hardship for civilians, particularly the
    poised to respond promptly in the event the riers, both on the government and opposi- vulnerable, who remained cut off from
    situation worsened and to provide civilians tion sides, to secure understanding and basic services and markets in Brazzaville.
    with assistance and protection. Concur- acceptance of its mandate and working
    rently, the organization sought to impress methods at all times. Its efforts helped In response, the ICRC focused on remain-
    upon the political authorities and decision- ensure the safety of ICRC field operations ing close to the population in sensitive areas
    makers the need to meet their obligations and staff. Nonetheless, a few minor secu- to gain a better understanding of the secu-
    to the population. rity incidents did occur. rity situation and living conditions. It
    maintained a dialogue with all parties at
    The ICRC concentrated its activities in the The ICRC kept up regular contact with the various levels and with arms carriers on
    region where the humanitarian situation Congolese Red Cross and the International their obligations to the civilian population,
    remained a concern. It continued to including civilians’ right of access to basic

    75
    AFRICA CONGO

    services and humanitarian aid. The organ- the plight of returnees who were having to Improving civilians’ health care
    ization developed and implemented assis- rebuild their lives and the difficulties fac- and living conditions
    tance programmes in sensitive areas as a ing communities affected by the lack of The ICRC continued to support integrated
    part of a protection-driven strategy. reconstruction compounded by the burden health centres in sensitive areas of Pool. It
    of absorbing returnees. The unstable secu- launched a hygiene-promotion programme
    Restoring family links rity environment in Pool militated against to involve the communities concerned in
    and family reunification sustainable long-term rebuilding. There water projects, thereby building a sense of
    The ICRC monitored 36 unaccompanied were few, poorly implemented economic- ownership of projects. It also established
    children from Rwanda and the Democratic recovery programmes. village committees to manage the water
    Republic of the Congo to help them restore projects.
    links with their families and, with the con- The ICRC maintained a presence in Pool,
    sent of all concerned, to reunite them with improving access to essential services, 5 integrated health centres rehabilitated/
    their families. With the exception of three notably the supply of safe drinking water constructed; construction begun on
    cases, the children’s families were located and adequate sanitation. 5 others
    and they were able to correspond through
    RCMs. Bearing in mind the children’s best Ensuring a safe water supply Assisting residents and returnees
    interests, the ICRC discussed the possibility The ICRC provided structural support to In May, the ICRC concluded the distribu-
    of family reunification with the children water-supply systems and encouraged the tion of essential household and agricultural
    whose families had been located. authorities to take action and allocate suf- items to residents and returnees in the
    ficient funds to improve water supply. It Mindouli district of Pool. It carried out two
    11 new unaccompanied children intensified contacts with the relevant assessments in remote parts north-west
    registered authorities and sought to consolidate their of Kimba, leading to a decision to assist
    16 unaccompanied, separated children cooperation and to define a common destitute communities in these areas (e.g
    reunited with their families (9 by the approach to sustaining water-supply projects Mindouli and Kimba districts).
    ICRC) in Pool. However, the authorities’ expres-
    sion of intention did not always translate Enhancing food
    Some cases were closed for failing to fulfill into action. and economic security
    ICRC criteria – mainly because the minors The ICRC played a leading role in the
    concerned were already living with direct Assessments carried out in Pool in early implementation of a programme under-
    family members in Congo and thus consid- 2005 enabled the ICRC to identify where taken jointly with the Ministry of Agricul-
    ered to be separated from their families but improvements in water supply were needed. ture, Livestock Breeding and Fishing, the
    not unaccompanied, or because they had These included taking into account security Food and Agriculture Organization and
    turned adult and did not wish to be constraints that hindered the population’s WFP to combat the mosaic disease in cas-
    reunited with their relatives. access to potable water. The ICRC then sava plants, a nationwide problem. The
    defined its priorities based on the magni- ICRC, alongside ministry representatives
    Regular contact with UNHCR facilitated tude of the needs and protection considera- acting mostly on their own initiative, con-
    the exchange of information and enabled tions. In spite of logistic and staff constraints, tinued efforts to tackle the disease that
    the two organizations to complement each the ICRC undertook several projects, affected cassava production throughout
    other through activities related to their involving the relevant authorities to ensure Congo. Over 1,300 members of 95 associa-
    respective mandates. The ICRC concen- their durability. tions attended information sessions on the
    trated on unaccompanied minors and disease and ways of combating it by using
    referred children separated from their 14 water-supply projects (some 66,000 healthy cassava cuttings and improved
    families to UNHCR. beneficiaries) initiated/completed in methods of cultivation. The results were
    5 districts mixed, partly because of a severe shortage
    Together with the UNHCR and refugee upkeep of 20 water points handed over of virus-resistant cassava varieties.
    representatives, the ICRC continued to put to a vocational centre in Pool, following
    refugees back in touch with family through the closure of the ICRC office in Dolisie 5 local cassava varieties multiplied in
    the RCM network. In remote areas without in May 3 districts; 225,500 healthy cuttings,
    public communication, RCMs enabled 6 vocational-centre workers trained together with basic agricultural tools,
    civilians to maintain contact with relatives and supplied with repair/maintenance distributed to associations; beneficiaries
    abroad. materials monitored in implementing joint
    Mossendjo water-treatment plant in ICRC/Ministry of Agriculture
    1,562 RCMs collected from and Nyari (some 15,000 beneficiaries) recommendations
    2,217 RCMs delivered to civilians, renovated and inaugurated 6 plots planted with 12 local/improved
    including refugees two-week course organized for 20 staff cuttings to help identify virus-resistant
    individuals arrested in relation to operating 9 water-treatment plants varieties
    armed confrontations in October rehabilitated by the ICRC since 1998 household items and vegetable kits
    located and/or contact restored with emergency stock of potable water main- for use in market gardening distributed
    their loved ones tained to supply new IDPs if necessary to 94 farmers’ associations;
    8 travel documents delivered 1,102 vegetable-seed kits, 628 machetes,
    628 hoes and 1,864 brochures
    Although the majority of former IDPs containing farming recommendations
    returned to their places of origin in 2004, a distributed to the same beneficiaries
    number of concerns still needed addressing:

    76
    ICRC ANNUAL REPORT 2005

    The fishing rehabilitation project was WOUNDED AND SICK ARMED FORCES AND OTHER
    implemented successfully with a local fish- BEARERS OF WEAPONS
    eries specialist, who contributed materials to ICRC activities in Pool included remaining
    and shared his expertise and experience with close to civilians to offer them better pro- To promote knowledge of and compliance
    30 associations with over 3,100 members. tection and improve access to basic health with IHL among all arms bearers, the ICRC:
    care. While maintaining direct support to
    The ICRC donated breeding fish to associa- certain integrated health centres, the ICRC held a first-ever IHL train-the-trainer
    tions in remote areas. It distributed tools continued to concentrate on providing seminar for members of the Republican
    and fishing materials to 30 associations, structural support to the regional and cen- Guard and Directorate of Presidential
    thereby helping revive micro-economic tral health authorities, in order to reinforce Security in May; sponsored the partici-
    activities halted by conflict. Some 64% of their capacities to cover the population’s pation of 2 colonels responsible for
    purchased fish initially survived both the health needs. However, despite their pledges training in these units and the Defence
    transport and their release into newly to do so, the authorities followed up with Ministry’s training adviser in courses in
    rehabilitated ponds. little specific action. San Remo; drew up a schedule with the
    Republican Guard for sessions on IHL
    10 integrated health centres (providing and the ICRC;
    PEOPLE DEPRIVED preventive and curative health care to conducted dissemination sessions on its
    OF THEIR FREEDOM 65,000 people monthly in 4 districts) mission, activities and IHL for some
    supported with drugs, dressing materials, 3,350 rank and file of the armed forces,
    The ICRC continued visiting detainees held furniture and stationery; petrol supplied particularly in training centres and
    in temporary and permanent detention to 5 centres with cold storage; health special units;
    places under the jurisdiction of the Defence personnel supervised and trained helped create a permanent committee
    or Justice Ministries or the police in the Extended Programme on and sub-committees to supervise the
    Brazzaville or Pointe Noire. It registered Immunization and national polio dissemination of IHL in the armed,
    detainees accused of endangering State vaccination campaign supported security and police forces;
    security in order to provide them with pro- seminars held for 3 village health helped the permanent committee
    tection and monitor them until their release. committees in Mindouli district organize training for 28 army trainers;
    an emergency kit maintained to cover conducted several dissemination
    794 people visited (53 monitored the basic health needs of 10,000 IDPs sessions on the ICRC, IHL and
    individually; 48 registered for the first for three months humanitarian principles for 1,456 rookie
    time) during 63 visits made to drugs and surgical material provided for gendarmes/NCOs/officers, police officers
    23 detention places the treatment of 30 war-wounded at a and members of special security units;
    67 RCMs collected from detainees and military hospital in Brazzaville; organized 4 workshops on human
    42 RCMs from their relatives delivered 2 wounded arms carriers evacuated rights and humanitarian principles for
    to them to hospital 76 high-ranking police and security
    emergency medical/surgical stock officers;
    The ICRC encouraged the authorities to maintained for the treatment of conducted 10 sessions on its mandate
    comply with minimum international stan- 150 war-wounded and activities and IHL for 207 Ninjas
    dards for the treatment of detainees, in Pool.
    including by making recommendations for
    improvements to their living conditions. It AUTHORITIES
    provided structural support to strengthen CIVIL SOCIETY
    and supplement the authorities’ efforts in A meeting on progress in the implementa-
    this regard. tion of IHL was held in Brazzaville for The ICRC maintained constructive relations
    21 legal advisers of relevant ministries to with the media, which reported regularly on
    2 market-gardening projects established raise awareness of the need to set up a its work in Congo. Activities involving the
    in prisons national IHL committee. A seminar was media included:
    a round-table on hygiene in detention also organized to raise senators’ awareness
    places organized for representatives of of their responsibility to push for the a press conference on IHL in
    13 police stations national implementation of treaties already Brazzaville, attended by 34 journalists;
    repairs to water-supply and sanitation ratified by Congo. press releases sent out to 42 media
    facilities begun in 12 police stations; outlets, which used them extensively in
    similar work in 5 police stations The ICRC held information sessions on reporting on ICRC activities;
    completed its work in four districts of Pool for some a workshop on IHL and the ICRC
    220 officials and public servants and tradi- attended by 28 participants from the
    tional leaders. It also expanded its network media;
    of contacts among regional economic com- a documentary film on ICRC activities
    munities, international organizations, NGOs in the Congo, shot and broadcast by
    and various government ministries. 2 television stations and used in
    disseminations sessions;
    3 interviews given to local media to
    explain the ICRC’s presence in the
    Congo and to present its activities.

    77
    AFRICA CONGO

    An agreement was signed with the RED CROSS AND


    Education Ministry on the launch of the RED CRESCENT MOVEMENT
    first phase of the pilot project of the
    Exploring Humanitarian Law (EHL) school The year saw the launch of a pilot project
    programme. A series of events – including on the collection and distribution of RCMs
    the selection of three schools in Pool for the with the Pointe-Noire branch of the
    pilot project, the selection of a steering Congolese Red Cross, and the handover of
    committee to coordinate the project, the ICRC tracing activities to the National
    organization of a workshop on EHL for Society. The ICRC regularly monitored and
    committee members and the integration of supported the work of the project coordi-
    the programme into certain courses and the nator and four volunteers. The pilot project
    training of 38 teachers working in the three was considered a success.
    schools – culminated in an EHL course for
    around 800 schoolchildren. A comic book 272 RCMs handed over to the
    developed by the ICRC, Battle in the village, Pointe-Noire branch of the Red Cross
    was used to supplement the EHL programme. for distribution to refugees and
    148 RCMs collected by the branch
    The ICRC revived ties with the Université 1 tracing coordinator and 12 volunteers
    libre du Congo, the country’s only private trained
    university. This brought the number of
    institutions of higher education teaching The ICRC and the Congolese Red Cross
    IHL to three, including the National School jointly organized activities to mark World
    of Administration and Magistracy and the Red Cross and Red Crescent Day on 8 May.
    Marien Ngouabi University. All three insti- The activities, which successfully profiled
    tutions had a trained IHL lecturer. the National Society, brought the two part-
    ners closer together and enhanced public
    2 international law lecturers sponsored knowledge of the Movement, included:
    to attend the pan-African IHL course in
    Yaoundé sessions on the Movement and
    a competition organized to select Fundamental Principles, attended by
    4 student representatives to participate over 160 Red Cross volunteers;
    in a moot-court competition in Dakar a presentation on first-aid principles for
    and their travel to Dakar financed 120 first-aid workers;
    a round-table on IHL organized a session for Red Cross staff and
    mainly for law lecturers at 3 academic volunteers on the promotion of IHL;
    institutions 3 workshops for 75 volunteers on the
    transmission and prevention of sexually
    transmitted infections and HIV/AIDS;
    repairs to the headquarters of a Red
    Cross branch and preparations to
    repair another.

    78
    eritrea
    The maps in this report are for illustrative purposes only
    and do not express an opinion on the part of the ICRC SAUDI The ICRC opened a delegation in Eritrea in
    ARABIA 1998 in the context of the international armed
    SUDAN
    conflict between Ethiopia and Eritrea and is
    Nakfa
    responding to the needs remaining from the
    ANSEBA
    NORTHERN YEMEN two-year war. It protects and assists the popu-
    RED SEA
    ERI TR EA
    RED SEA lation displaced, detained or otherwise affected
    Keren Massawa
    by the conflict, ensuring compliance with IHL
    GASH-BARKA
    ASMARA in respect of any persons still protected by the
    Barentu DEBUB
    Senafe
    Third and Fourth Geneva Conventions. The
    SOUTHERN
    ICRC also promotes IHL within the government,
    RED SEA armed forces and civil society and supports the
    Assab development of the Red Cross Society of Eritrea.
    ETHIOPIA
    DJIBOUTI

    300 km
    ICRC/AR.2005

    ICRC delegation ICRC sub-delegation

    EXPENDITURE (IN CHF ,000)


    Protection 1,902
    Assistance 4,864
    Prevention 326 CONTEXT
    Cooperation with National Societies 527
    General 4 The physical demarcation of the Eritrea- As in the past four years, over half of the
    Ethiopia border remained on hold for the Eritrean population relied on food aid. After
    7,624 third consecutive year. The UN Mission in five years of meagre rainfall, 2005 saw a
    of which: Overheads 465 Ethiopia and Eritrea (UNMEE) continued return to normal rainy seasons, and har-
    IMPLEMENTATION RATE to monitor the buffer zone between the vests improved. However, the effects of the
    Expenditure/yearly budget 94.2% two countries, known as the Temporary stalled border process and the suspension
    Security Zone or TSZ. of cross-border trade with Ethiopia con-
    PERSONNEL
    13 expatriates
    tinued to hamper economic development.
    79 national staff (daily workers not included) In February 2005, the first significant In and near the TSZ, farmers also had to
    number of IDPs returned home. As part of contend with the risk of mines in their
    KEY POINTS a government-assisted programme, more fields and pastures, dilapidated or war-
    than 19,000 people displaced by the damaged infrastructure and the presence
    In 2005, the ICRC: 1998–2000 international armed conflict of thousands of IDPs competing for scant
    was the main organization providing water, with Ethiopia left their IDP camp and resources.
    shelter and essential household items to
    went back to their villages of origin along
    some 46,500 IDPs in 21 camps;
    provided a water supply and essential the border. Some 46,500 displaced people
    household items to some 19,500 IDPs remained in camps in or near the TSZ.
    who returned home, and helped another In November, the regional authorities
    2,000 returnees rebuild their homes; announced that another 21,000 IDPs would
    in former war zones, improved access return home in early 2006.
    to water for some 35,600 residents and
    helped over 4,000 households preserve their
    livelihoods by treating some 77,000 livestock
    against parasites and paying for tractor-
    ploughing services;
    together with the Eritrean Red Cross,
    distributed around 11,700 RCMs on behalf
    of relatives still separated by the two-year
    international armed conflict, assisted in the
    voluntary repatriation of over 800 civilians
    to Ethiopia and reunited 34 children with
    family across the closed border;
    visited 51 detention facilities to monitor the
    treatment and living conditions of detainees
    of Ethiopian origin, including POWs who
    had declined repatriation, and provided
    funds to some 3,000 residents of the
    Ethiopian community to meet Eritrean
    administrative requirements;
    together with the Defence Ministry, trained
    27 armed forces officers as IHL instructors.

    79
    AFRICA ERITREA

    MAIN FIGURES AND INDICATORS

    PEOPLE DEPRIVED OF THEIR FREEDOM (All categories/all statuses) CIVILIANS AND PEOPLE DEPRIVED OF THEIR FREEDOM
    Detainees visited 259 Economic security, water and habitat
    Detainees visited and monitored individually 259 Essential household items Beneficiaries 66,845
    Number of visits carried out 107 Agricultural inputs and micro-economic initiatives Beneficiaries 16,447
    Number of places of detention visited 51 Water-supply schemes and sanitation systems
    RESTORING FAMILY LINKS (completed projects) Beneficiaries 56,342
    Red Cross messages (RCMs) and reunifications Habitat structures Beneficiaries 2,000
    RCMs collected 11,468
    RCMs distributed 12,025
    People reunited with their families 41
    Tracing requests, including cases of missing persons
    People for whom a tracing request was newly registered 279
    Tracing requests closed positively (persons located) 94
    Tracing requests still being handled at 31 December 2005 382
    Unaccompanied minors (UAMs) and separated children (SCs),
    including unaccompanied demobilized child soldiers
    UAMs/SCs newly registered by the ICRC 61
    UAMs/SCs reunited with their families by the ICRC 34
    UAMs/SCs cases still being handled at 31 December 2005 23
    DOCUMENTS ISSUED
    People to whom a detention attestation was issued 61

    ICRC ACTION the authorities requests from families for CIVILIANS


    news of relatives still missing in relation to
    In accordance with its accepted role in the war. Protecting civilians
    Eritrea, the ICRC focused on meeting the While working in and near the TSZ, ICRC
    needs of people still affected by the inter- The ICRC was the main organization delegates took every opportunity to raise
    national armed conflict between Eritrea providing water, shelter and essential awareness of IHL in discussions with civil-
    and Ethiopia. household items to IDPs in camps. In coor- ians, the authorities, the Eritrean armed
    dination with the government and UNDP, forces and UNMEE. The organization was
    As in past years, ICRC delegates working in it also ensured that IDPs who returned ready to adapt its activities in the event of
    and near the TSZ stood ready to document home or resettled voluntarily had the same a change in the situation along the border
    any alleged incidents of violence against the basic assistance to facilitate their return. and to document any alleged incidents of
    population and to provide aid in the event violence against civilians and make repre-
    that a rise in tensions affected civilians. To help struggling residents living in and sentations to the parties concerned.
    near the TSZ, the ICRC worked with the
    The ICRC continued to visit detainees of Eritrean authorities to improve access to The ICRC also monitored the situation of
    Ethiopian origin and the few remaining water, especially in rural areas. It also intro- civilians of Ethiopian origin still living in
    POWs who had declined repatriation in duced agricultural and veterinary projects Eritrea and made any necessary represen-
    2002. It also monitored the situation of the to help farmers improve their economic tations on their behalf to the authorities.
    Ethiopian civilian community in Eritrea. situation. During the year, more than 6,000 members
    The aim was to ensure that the rights of of the Ethiopian community sought the
    these populations regarding their living The ICRC held IHL courses for the military ICRC’s advice or assistance. A total of
    conditions and repatriation were respected, as part of a programme initiated in 2004 to 3,302 of them received ICRC financial
    in accordance with humanitarian norms integrate the subject into all armed forces assistance, a significant rise compared with
    and, where applicable, the Third and Fourth training. Delegates also gave presentations 2004. The majority needed funds to obtain
    Geneva Conventions. on IHL to the local authorities in and near or renew their residence permits, and the
    the TSZ, new UNMEE staff, personnel in rest to complete clearance procedures prior
    There was a significant rise in the number detention facilities and university students. to voluntary repatriation. Many of the
    of residents of Ethiopian origin who received beneficiaries were financially worse off in
    ICRC financial support to cover Eritrean With a substantial level of ICRC support, 2005 because family or friends were no
    administrative requirements. Working the Red Cross Society of Eritrea continued longer in a position to support them.
    with the Eritrean Red Cross, the ICRC to reinforce its tracing and RCM network
    assisted in the voluntary repatriation of and relief and dissemination programmes. Repatriation
    civilians to Ethiopia and Eritrea, ran the The ambulance service also made progress The ICRC, with local Red Cross support,
    tracing and RCM services so that rela- towards its long-term goal of becoming assisted in the voluntary repatriation of
    tives could communicate across the closed self-supporting. civilians to Ethiopia and Eritrea, providing
    border, and reunited children and other transport and basic supplies for the trip and
    vulnerable people with family across the short stay in a transit camp. It also retrieved
    border. Delegates also followed up with and forwarded official documents so that

    80
    ICRC ANNUAL REPORT 2005

    these people could continue their studies the government announced in November 35,617 residents benefited from
    or apply for work. that some 21,000 IDPs were scheduled to the construction of 10 water points,
    return home in early 2006. 10 water-storage facilities and 12 solar-
    848 civilians voluntarily repatriated powered water-distribution systems and
    from Eritrea to Ethiopia and 182 from In February, some 5,000 families (around the rehabilitation of 4 wells
    Ethiopia to Eritrea 19,500 people) living in Adi Kesh IDP
    16 documents forwarded from Eritrea camp in Gash Barka voluntarily returned Prior to the war with Ethiopia, the southern
    to their villages of origin near the border border region of Eritrea was one of the
    Restoring family links with Ethiopia in a government-organized more agriculturally productive areas of the
    Telecommunication and postal services had programme. In coordination with the country. Resident and returning families
    not yet been re-established between Eritrea authorities and UNDP, the ICRC ensured now faced a number of obstacles to making
    and Ethiopia and the border remained that the returning families had access to a living from agriculture. Labour was in
    closed. This meant that thousands of people water and received soap, kitchenware, short supply, so fields often lay fallow, and
    still relied on the tracing and RCM network jerrycans, tarpaulins and rope. It also made goods and services to tend fields and live-
    to send family news to relatives across the an arrangement with the Eritrean Red Cross stock were either not available or, for some
    border. When requested, the ICRC also to build around 2,000 fuel-saving ovens in families, too expensive. To address these
    reunited children, the elderly and infirm the Shilalo resettlement area. The ovens problems, the delegation introduced two new
    with relatives across the border. slowed down deforestation and reduced the initiatives. In Debub, around 2,000 families
    amount of time and energy women had to received vouchers that paid for a tractor to
    11,777 RCMs delivered in Eritrea spend collecting wood. plough their fields ahead of the two plant-
    and 11,195 collected ing periods. In Gash Barka, ICRC teams
    41 people, including 34 children, in The ICRC also constructed water points treated 77,676 sheep, goats, cattle, donkeys
    Eritrea reunited with family in Ethiopia, elsewhere in Gash Barka and Debub that and camels against parasites. The livestock
    and 55, including 29 children, in served both IDPs and returning families. belonged to just over 2,000 resident and
    Ethiopia reunited with family in Eritrea In addition, it helped families who had recently returned families in five villages. In
    94 people located at their families’ request returned to the Senafe and Tserona regions a sample survey conducted later, all the ani-
    382 requests to trace relatives, including of Debub to build or rebuild their homes, mals tested were still parasite free.
    119 children, pending providing materials, on-site supervision and
    in some cases cash to hire skilled workers. 16,447 people (4,351 households)
    In accordance with the 1949 Geneva benefited from agricultural and
    Conventions, the ICRC continued to 17,640 IDP families (66,220 people) veterinary assistance
    advocate that the Eritrean and Ethiopian in camps or returning home received
    authorities establish mechanisms to pro- essential household items
    vide families with news about relatives still 2,000 returnees assisted in building/ PEOPLE DEPRIVED
    unaccounted for in connection with the rebuilding homes OF THEIR FREEDOM
    1998–2000 war. In the meantime, many 20,725 IDPs benefited from the
    families approached the ICRC. In March, construction of 3 solar-powered water- POWs
    the organization presented the Eritrean distribution systems in IDP camps and In 2002, Eritrea released and repatriated the
    and Ethiopian authorities respectively with the installation of 2 temporary water last POWs of Ethiopian origin regularly vis-
    the names of 200 such people of Ethiopian systems and construction of 10 solar- ited by the ICRC. In accordance with the
    origin and 153 of Eritrean origin whom it powered permanent water points in Third Geneva Convention, the ICRC con-
    could not trace. villages tinued to visit the few remaining POWs who
    had declined repatriation in order to monitor
    Assisting IDPs and returning Assisting border residents their situation until a permanent solution
    families Much of the infrastructure in the border was found regarding their status. Delegates
    As in past years, the ICRC was the main region, including water services, had been also offered the POWs the tracing and RCM
    organization providing shelter, water and damaged or destroyed by past conflicts. services so that they could keep in contact
    essential household items to IDPs living in The ICRC, in cooperation with the Eritrean with their families and provided them with
    21 camps in or near the TSZ; the govern- water board, initiated projects to provide an blankets. Discussions were ongoing with the
    ment and WFP were responsible for food adequate supply of clean water in 25 resi- authorities concerning other individual
    distributions. The majority of IDPs were dent communities in Debub. Each com- POW cases still pending.
    women and children who had been in the munity requested and participated in its
    camps for three to six years. Many IDPs project. To ensure that the water supply Visiting civilian detainees
    could not return home until the border was was sustainable, water-storage facilities The ICRC visited detention facilities country-
    pegged out and mines cleared. were built alongside the new water points wide, following up the cases of detainees
    and community water committees were set of Ethiopian origin to ensure that their
    Based on its assessment of needs in the up and trained to maintain the systems. rights were being respected in accordance
    camps in late 2004, the ICRC began tailoring Working with a British and a Swiss univer- with international humanitarian norms
    distributions more closely to the situation sity, the ICRC also held a course in Asmara and, where applicable, the Fourth Geneva
    in each camp. This led to a decrease in the for the Eritrean water board on the use of Convention. The findings and recommen-
    quantity of goods provided (blankets, satellite images to identify new sources of dations were presented, in confidence, to
    kitchenware, jerrycans, mosquito nets and groundwater. the authorities. Inmates could use the
    soap). Plans to introduce longer-lasting tracing and RCM services and, where nec-
    shelter materials were put on hold when essary, received blankets, clothing, shoes

    81
    AFRICA ERITREA

    and hygiene kits to contribute to their 3,000 copies in Tigrinya of the ICRC’s Responding to emergencies
    health and welfare. During the visits, ICRC Essentials of the law of war and 20,000 The ICRC helped cover the running costs of
    delegates briefed 160 police officers on the copies of Behaviour in combat produced the Red Cross ambulance service, which
    basic principles of IHL and the organiza- for use as teaching tools transported around 24,500 people to hospi-
    tion’s rationale and standard procedures for tals and clinics countrywide in 2005. In a
    detention visits. positive step towards making the service
    CIVIL SOCIETY self-supporting, some regional municipali-
    259 detainees followed up individually ties began contributing to the costs.
    (19 of them women and 14 minors), Past efforts by the ICRC to interest the
    including 146 newly registered, in Eritrean media in IHL and the organiza- With ICRC support, the Eritrean Red Cross
    51 places of detention during 107 visits tion’s related activities had been unsuccess- trained 25 volunteers as first-aid instruc-
    248 RCMs delivered to detainees ful. The ICRC, therefore, distributed IHL tors and 28 staff and volunteers received
    and 273 collected for delivery to their promotional material directly to opinion- training in disaster management. The par-
    families makers and the general public and provided ticipants went on to hold first-aid and
    625 inmates received essential items public libraries with relevant publications. relief-management training for another
    120 volunteers in all branches. The ICRC
    ICRC efforts to promote the teaching of also provided identification vests for the
    AUTHORITIES IHL at the University of Asmara were lim- 300 volunteers of all 20 Red Cross action
    ited, as the establishment had not accepted teams. During 2005, the Eritrean Red Cross
    The ICRC continued discussions with the any new students since 2003. Delegates gave held first-aid courses for 125 police per-
    Eritrean authorities on the ratification and presentations on IHL to 145 students of sonnel and 470 members of the general
    implementation of IHL treaties. The organ- journalism, political science and law and public, including industrial workers, trans-
    ization advocated, in particular, the integra- responded to requests from students from port drivers and students.
    tion of the provisions of the 1949 Geneva various institutes of higher education for
    Conventions into Eritrea’s domestic law information and publications on IHL. Promoting IHL and the Movement
    and the ratification of the 1977 Additional During 2005, the Eritrean Red Cross gave
    Protocols. talks on IHL and the Movement to more
    RED CROSS AND than 27,000 people countrywide, includ-
    The ICRC regularly met senior UNMEE RED CRESCENT MOVEMENT ing government officials, business leaders,
    officials and representatives of the diplo- students and teachers. To assist the Red Cross
    matic community and UN agencies to The ICRC and the Red Cross Society of in developing its communication skills, the
    update them on ICRC field operations and Eritrea worked together to distribute RCMs ICRC took part in courses for 25 dissemi-
    discuss humanitarian issues. It also briefed and relief items and organize voluntary nation trainers and helped to produce and
    65 newly deployed UNMEE staff on the repatriations for civilians. The ICRC pro- distribute a quarterly newsletter and stage
    basic principles of IHL and the ICRC’s vided the Red Cross with a variety of sup- various promotional events.
    mandate and activities. port, from funds and supplies to training
    and expertise, to strengthen its tracing, relief
    and communication programmes.
    ARMED FORCES AND OTHER
    BEARERS OF WEAPONS Restoring family links
    With ICRC support, the Eritrean Red Cross
    In 2004, the Eritrean armed forces agreed in continued to collect and distribute the
    principle to integrate IHL into all their train- majority of the RCMs in Eritrea, handling
    ing programmes. At a round-table with the some 20,000 messages in 2005.
    ICRC in February 2005, the Ministry of
    Defence again acknowledged the impor- To reinforce the RCM and tracing network,
    tance of IHL training for the military, the ICRC:
    expressed its appreciation for the ICRC’s
    IHL courses in 2004 and said that the armed provided on-the-job coaching for
    forces had subsequently held introductory Red Cross staff, 60 volunteers and
    talks on IHL for recruits. In a new initiative, 120 community members designated
    the ICRC was helping the armed forces to as focal points for people wanting
    obtain and distribute identification tags to information about the network;
    personnel. took part in courses to train new
    volunteers and community focal points;
    27 officers trained as IHL instructors helped produce official tracing
    25 officers attended an introductory guidelines and a leaflet for the general
    IHL course public on the services;
    with ICRC sponsorship, 2 colonels took together with Red Cross headquarters
    part in an IHL course in San Remo and branches, evaluated the tracing
    the Defence Ministry and Sawa military network and held a one-day meeting to
    college received standard sets of IHL discuss ways to increase the network’s
    reference materials efficiency.

    82
    ethiopia
    The maps in this report are for illustrative purposes only
    and do not express an opinion on the part of the ICRC
    The ICRC has been continuously present in
    Ethiopia since 1977. Its priority is to protect and
    ERITREA
    RED SEA YEMEN assist people detained, displaced or otherwise
    affected by the 1998–2000 international armed
    SUDAN
    Adigrat conflict with Eritrea or by internal violence or
    TIGRAY Mekele
    Gondar disturbances, often compounded by natural
    AMHARA
    AFAR
    DJIBOUTI disasters. The ICRC provides emergency aid but
    Azaita
    UZ

    also implements medium-term assistance proj-


    UM

    Bahr Dar
    /G

    ects to preserve the livelihoods of vulnerable


    L
    GU

    Dire Dawa SOMALIA


    AN

    Jijiga communities in violence-prone regions. It also


    SH
    NI

    ADDIS ABABA Awash Harar


    supports physical rehabilitation services. The
    BE

    Jima
    GA
    MB Gambella
    ETH I O P I A
    SOMALI
    ICRC visits security detainees, restores family
    EL
    LA
    Awasa links, particularly for relatives separated by the
    SNNPR OROMIA Gode closed Eritrea-Ethiopia border and for Sudanese
    refugees, promotes IHL and supports the
    KENYA 200 km Ethiopian Red Cross Society.
    ICRC/AR.2005

    ICRC delegation ICRC sub-delegation ICRC mission to the African Union


    ICRC office/sub-office ICRC-supported prosthetic/orthotic centre

    EXPENDITURE (IN CHF ,000)


    Protection 6,361
    Assistance 14,641
    Prevention 2,432 CONTEXT
    Cooperation with National Societies 1,562
    General - Ethiopia’s general elections held on 15 May The physical demarcation of the Eritrea-
    heightened political tensions. In early August, Ethiopia border remained on hold for the
    24,997 the National Electoral Board declared a third consecutive year. The UN Mission in
    of which: Overheads 1,514 parliamentary majority for the incumbent Ethiopia and Eritrea (UNMEE) continued
    IMPLEMENTATION RATE Ethiopian People’s Revolutionary Democratic to monitor the buffer zone between the two
    Expenditure/yearly budget 86.2% Front, with opposition parties making countries.
    gains. Amid accusations of voting irregular-
    PERSONNEL
    69 expatriates
    ities, short-lived but violent street protests
    382 national staff (daily workers not included) broke out in early June and again in early
    November in Addis Ababa and some
    KEY POINTS regional towns, mainly in Oromia and the
    Somali Regional State (SRS). Scores of
    In 2005, the ICRC: people were killed and hundreds injured in
    monitored the individual cases of more than clashes between security forces and demon-
    3,000 security detainees in some 280 detention
    strators, and there were mass arrests.
    facilities countrywide and completed projects
    to improve living conditions in 21 prisons;
    delivered, together with the Ethiopian Red As in past years, low-level conflict between
    Cross Society, emergency food aid and government forces and armed opposition
    relief goods to tens of thousands of IDPs groups continued in the SRS. Gambella was
    and improved access to water for some the scene of renewed fighting in early and
    83,500 vulnerable residents; late 2005, springing from a mix of ethnic
    in response to post-election unrest, provided
    and political grievances. The SRS and Afar
    medical supplies to treat over 400 wounded,
    trained Ethiopian medical staff in casualty remained prone to small-scale intercommu-
    management, boosted support to the Red nal clashes, and ethnic tensions persisted
    Cross Society ambulance service and gained along the Oromia-SRS border following
    access to some of the people arrested; the border changes voted on in the 2004
    introduced training for the armed forces referendum.
    in IHL and internal security operations
    and conducted workshops on human rights
    standards and good policing for some
    Good rainy seasons in most parts of the
    1,000 regional police and special forces; country led to an above-average harvest,
    working with the Ethiopian Red Cross, but one in eight Ethiopians still depended
    delivered more than 26,000 RCMs, including on aid. In pockets where the rains had
    in all 5 Sudanese refugee camps; failed, there were concerns over the likeli-
    supported 6 physical rehabilitation centres, hood of severe food shortages in 2006.
    which treated over 10,000 patients, and
    contributed funds or teaching staff to
    upgrade the skills of 43 prosthetic/orthotic
    personnel.

    83
    AFRICA ETHIOPIA

    MAIN FIGURES AND INDICATORS

    PEOPLE DEPRIVED OF THEIR FREEDOM (All categories/all statuses) CIVILIANS AND PEOPLE DEPRIVED OF THEIR FREEDOM
    Detainees visited 68,565 Economic security, water and habitat
    Detainees visited and monitored individually 3,160 Food Beneficiaries 62,950
    Number of visits carried out 452 Essential household items Beneficiaries 196,177
    Number of places of detention visited 282 Agricultural inputs and micro-economic initiatives Beneficiaries 210,445
    RESTORING FAMILY LINKS Water-supply schemes and sanitation systems
    Red Cross messages (RCMs) and reunifications (completed projects) Beneficiaries 98,310
    RCMs collected 30,394 Habitat structures Beneficiaries 10,950
    RCMs distributed 26,418 WOUNDED AND SICK
    People reunited with their families 62 Physical rehabilitation
    Tracing requests, including cases of missing persons Patients receiving services Patients 10,193
    People for whom a tracing request was newly registered 566 Prostheses delivered Pieces 1,804
    Tracing requests closed positively (persons located) 243 Orthoses delivered Pieces 2,517
    Tracing requests still being handled at 31 December 2005 1,442
    Unaccompanied minors (UAMs) and separated children (SCs),
    including unaccompanied demobilized child soldiers
    UAMs/SCs newly registered by the ICRC 318
    UAMs/SCs reunited with their families by the ICRC 36
    UAMs/SCs cases still being handled at 31 December 2005 602
    DOCUMENTS ISSUED
    People to whom travel documents were issued 31
    People to whom a detention attestation was issued 901

    ICRC ACTION The ICRC continued to monitor detention The ICRC marked its 26th year of sup-
    conditions in prisons and police stations porting Ethiopia’s physical rehabilitation
    Ethiopia remained one of the ICRC’s largest countrywide and reported its findings and services. Given the World Bank-funded
    operations in 2005. recommendations, in confidence, to the project for this sector, the ICRC adapted its
    authorities. Delegates were granted access approach. It provided less direct funding,
    The ICRC was able to work countrywide to some, but not all, of the detainees held while emphasizing structured training and
    and even extended its presence to monitor in connection with the June and November on-the-job supervision.
    the situation in more areas where tensions post-election unrest. The organization
    existed. This was possible because of its well- also built or upgraded vital infrastructure IHL promotion remained a priority, with
    established network of sub-delegations and in 21 prisons and contributed its expertise the focus on the armed forces, police and
    offices, its cooperation with the Ethiopian to Ethiopia’s internationally funded penal universities and colleges. The ICRC
    Red Cross and solid contacts fostered over and judicial reform process. introduced specialized workshops for the
    time with the authorities, forces of law and military on IHL and internal security oper-
    order and civil society leaders. In accordance with the 1949 Geneva ations. In the field, it focused on training
    Conventions, the ICRC followed up with in IHL and human rights law for police and
    In general, the delegation carried out its the authorities any remaining cases of special forces stationed in violence-prone
    programmes as foreseen in its 2005 emer- POWs, as well as requests from families for areas. The ICRC decided to discontinue its
    gency appeal. news of relatives still missing in relation to Exploring Humanitarian Law programme in
    the 1998–2000 international armed conflict secondary schools after an evaluation showed
    The ICRC delivered relief goods and medical between Eritrea and Ethiopia. It delivered that the programme had not taken root.
    supplies to more victims of internal violence RCMs sent between relatives separated by
    than planned because of the intensity of the closed border, assisted in the voluntary The ICRC provided the Ethiopian Red Cross
    fighting in Gambella and persistent tensions repatriation of civilians to Eritrea and with substantial support to strengthen its
    along the Oromia-SRS border. Ethiopia and, at their request, reunited chil- ambulance service and first-aid, tracing and
    dren, the elderly and infirm with family dissemination programmes. During the
    The delegation made good progress in imple- across the border. In war-damaged Tigray, post-election unrest, extra funds were given
    menting its medium-term assistance pro- it gave communities the materials and to the ambulance and first-aid services,
    grammes aimed at preserving community expertise to improve their water facilities. whose efficient response saved lives.
    livelihoods in the violence-prone SRS and
    Afar regions. A major achievement was the Tracing and RCM services were also
    training of 56 community health workers and offered in all five Sudanese refugee camps
    midwives who, by the end of 2005, were cov- in western Ethiopia. At the end of 2005, the
    ering the entire Afar district of Boromodaitu. ICRC was handling the cases of some
    Water projects fell behind schedule in the 570 child refugees who were separated from
    SRS because of security constraints and in their parents and was working to put the
    Afar because of logistic problems. families back in touch through RCMs.

    84
    ICRC ANNUAL REPORT 2005

    CIVILIANS surgical supplies and ensured two health nomadic herders to identify and treat live-
    clinics had the means to extend their serv- stock diseases.
    ICRC delegates monitored violence-prone ices to 8,000 IDPs.
    regions, documented alleged problems In Gambella, the ICRC initiated small-scale
    faced by communities and, where neces- medical/surgical supplies delivered to projects to help communities rebuild their
    sary, made representations to the parties treat some 700 war-wounded lives and livelihoods after the disturbances.
    concerned. Teams in the field also took It repaired 10 hand pumps and delivered
    every opportunity to promote IHL in dis- Preserving community livelihoods fishing gear and mosquito nets, accompa-
    cussions with the local authorities, law The ICRC continued to develop medium- nied by malaria-awareness sessions, to
    enforcers and community leaders. term assistance programmes designed to needy families.
    help local communities in violence-prone
    Food and relief goods for IDPs areas improve their livelihoods and avoid In the drought-prone East Hararghe region
    The ICRC distributed relief goods to more long-term dependence on aid. The organi- in Oromia and in war-damaged Tigray, the
    victims of internal violence than planned in zation used an integrated approach, com- ICRC focused on improving community
    2005 because of the intensity of fighting in bining health, water, agricultural and access to water. In East Hararghe, it built
    Gambella early in the year and persistent veterinary projects. 6 water points, a solar-powered pumping
    tensions after the 2004 Oromia-SRS bor- station and 280 latrines, and trained and
    der changes. Displaced families received, as In 2004, the ICRC initiated a five-year equipped 70 people to maintain hand
    needed, food, seeds, farm tools and essen- integrated assistance programme in pumps. In Tigray, the communities them-
    tial household items such as tarpaulins, Boromodaitu district (population 44,000) selves built 11 water points, with the ICRC
    blankets and kitchenware. in southern Afar. By the end of 2005, with providing the materials and expertise.
    ICRC support, 56 local people had been
    The largest relief operation was in Gambella, trained (33 in 2005 and 23 in 2004) during 142,545 residents benefited from
    where sporadic violence since late 2003 had six-month courses as community health agricultural and micro-economic
    driven tens of thousands of people from workers (29 men) or midwives (27 women) projects, including the delivery of
    their homes. In May, during the main and were working in all 15 sub-districts. 30.4 tonnes of seed, 4,744 farm tools,
    planting period, the ICRC delivered seeds In addition, the ICRC organized two one- 2,710 kits of fishing gear and
    and tools, as well as food to last until the week refresher courses for the health 12,203 fruit-tree saplings
    harvest, to some 54,000 IDPs (9,000 fami- workers and midwives trained in 2004. To 83,550 residents benefited from water
    lies) who had begun to sell their assets, further improve public health standards, and sanitation projects
    mainly livestock, to survive. the delegation delivered water-purification 153,054 residents provided with
    filters to eight sub-districts and helped essential household items, mainly
    The ICRC also distributed emergency sup- establish health committees and hygiene- mosquito nets
    plies to more than 20,000 people uprooted awareness sessions in seven sub-districts.
    by the SRS-Oromia border tensions and to To boost food production and income, the Restoring family links
    families who fled internal violence or floods ICRC provided three farming associations Telecommunication and postal services had
    in the SRS and Afar. with an irrigation system and training to not yet been re-established across the closed
    develop cash crops (fruit trees and vegeta- Eritrea-Ethiopia border. This meant that
    62,950 IDPs provided with food bles) on 13.6 hectares. It was also training thousands of people still relied on the trac-
    43,123 IDPs received essential 30 people as animal health workers, who ing and RCM network to exchange news
    household items would cover all 15 sub-districts. In a pilot with relatives across the border. When
    67,900 IDPs provided with 102.3 tonnes project, a community of 2,400 people requested, the ICRC also reunited children,
    of seed and 41,970 farm implements received seeds and tools to cultivate maize the elderly and infirm with relatives across
    on 50 hectares to use as animal fodder. In the border.
    Ensuring medical aid the only setback in 2005, water projects fell
    The ICRC worked to ensure that people behind schedule because the delegation was For relatives separated by the 1998–2000
    wounded during internal violence received obliged to build a new road and bridge Eritrea-Ethiopia conflict:
    emergency treatment and that displaced across the Awash river to transport materials;
    families had access to free medical and health the ICRC built three wells, two sub-surface 20,310 RCMs delivered in Ethiopia and
    care. Because of the election-related unrest, reservoirs and two rainwater containers. 18,996 collected;
    more emergency supplies than planned 55 people, including 29 children, in
    were delivered to medical facilities in 2005 In the SRS, the ICRC extended its inte- Ethiopia reunited with family in Eritrea,
    to treat casualties. During the June and grated assistance programmes to more and 41 people, including 34 children, in
    November violence, five hospitals in Addis areas where tensions existed, but security Eritrea reunited with family in Ethiopia;
    Ababa received enough ICRC supplies to constraints slowed overall progress. The 65 people located at their families’
    treat some 400 wounded. After the June delegation built nine water points and, as request;
    unrest, the ICRC held a two-day workshop a pilot project, constructed a system to col- 316 requests to trace relatives, including
    on casualty management for 42 medical lect, filter and store surface water for both 73 children, pending.
    staff in Addis Ababa. This initiative helped drinking and crop irrigation. To boost crop
    save lives during the November unrest. yields and income in the Gode region, the Sudanese refugees in Ethiopia and rela-
    ICRC delivered fruit-tree saplings, farm tives scattered by internal violence also
    During the Oromia-SRS border tensions, tools and irrigation pipes, benefiting around used the tracing and RCM services. Despite
    the ICRC evacuated 13 casualties, provided 79,650 people. It also held five-day veteri- the Sudanese peace settlement signed
    five referral centres with medical and nary courses throughout the SRS to train in January 2005, few Sudanese refugees

    85
    AFRICA ETHIOPIA

    returned home, and the refugee population PEOPLE DEPRIVED 30 prisons received medical assistance
    remained at around 80,000. The ICRC’s OF THEIR FREEDOM 364 RCMs delivered to detainees
    priority was to identify and register children and 627 collected for distribution to
    separated from their parents and restore Visits to detainees relatives
    contact through RCMs. Security constraints When election-related unrest broke out in
    in Gambella, where three of the five refugee June and again in November, the ICRC POWs
    camps were located, as well as restrictions immediately contacted the authorities, for- In 2002, Ethiopia released and repatriated
    on movement within southern Sudan, mally requesting access to all detainees held the last POWs of Eritrean origin regularly
    delayed the exchange of messages. in connection with the violence. The organ- visited by the ICRC. In accordance with
    ization was granted access to some, but not the 1949 Geneva Conventions, the ICRC
    For refugees and dispersed Ethiopian all, of the people being held. It visited these followed up with the authorities a small
    families: detainees, monitored their treatment and number of POW cases still pending.
    living conditions and reported its findings,
    5,744 RCMs delivered, including in confidence, to the authorities. Supporting prison reform
    182 to children separated from their The ICRC contributed its expertise to the
    parents, and 10,771 collected; 7,319 enquiries registered with the internationally funded process to reform
    7 children reunited with their families; ICRC by families searching for news of Ethiopia’s judicial and penal systems. It
    at year end, 574 cases of unaccompanied/ relatives allegedly arrested in connection submitted two reports on prison-staff struc-
    separated children being handled; with election-related unrest, of which ture and discussed the recommendations
    178 people located at their families’ 4,207 resolved with the federal prison commissioner and
    request; Federal Affairs Ministry. The organization
    1,126 requests to trace relatives, including Throughout 2005, the ICRC visited deten- also participated as an observer in the
    143 children, pending. tion facilities, mainly prisons and police donors’ coordination meetings and dis-
    stations, countrywide and followed the indi- cussed issues in bilateral meetings with the
    In accordance with the 1949 Geneva vidual cases of more than 3,000 detainees donors and the Ethiopian authorities.
    Conventions, the ICRC continued to advo- held in connection with the 1991 change of
    cate that the Ethiopian and Eritrean author- government or for other reasons of State
    ities establish mechanisms to provide security. The organization regularly informed WOUNDED AND SICK
    families with news about relatives still the authorities confidentially of its findings
    unaccounted for in connection with the and recommendations. It submitted two There were an estimated 360,000 disabled
    1998–2000 war. In the meantime, many in-depth reports on detention conditions in people in Ethiopia, 22,000 of them war
    families approached the ICRC. In March, SRS and Oromia police stations and in pris- veterans.
    the organization presented the Ethiopian ons in the Southern Nations, Nationalities
    and Eritrean authorities respectively with and Peoples State (SNNPS). In addition, During 2005, the ICRC provided training,
    the names of 153 such people of Eritrean workshops on detention conditions were materials, supervision and funds to six
    origin and 200 of Ethiopian origin whom held for prison directors and local authori- physical rehabilitation centres (Addis Ababa,
    it could not trace. ties in most regions. Arba Minch, Dessie, Harar, Mekele and the
    new Asela centre). In total, 10,193 patients
    Repatriation The ICRC also monitored respect for received treatment at the centres, 2,297 of
    The delegation, together with the Ethiopian detainees’ pre-trial and trial rights. As part them amputees. With World Bank funding
    Red Cross, assisted in the voluntary repatri- of this process, delegates conducted over since 2002, Ethiopia was upgrading its
    ation of civilians to Eritrea and Ethiopia, 300 interviews in 25 detention facilities with physical rehabilitation services, focusing to
    providing transport and basic supplies for detainees held in connection with the 1991 date on building new facilities. The ICRC,
    the trip and short stay in a transit camp. It change of government. The ICRC discussed therefore, started to reduce its direct fund-
    also retrieved and forwarded official docu- the findings with the authorities and was ing to centres and emphasized training and
    ments so that these people could continue preparing a full report for them. supervision – the lack of skilled staff was a
    their studies or apply for work. Compared perennial problem.
    with past years, there were fewer requests During detention visits, the ICRC offered
    for repatriation to Eritrea. This was partly inmates the RCM service so that they could Twenty students graduated in January from
    owing to a 2004 Ethiopian law that helped exchange news with relatives and distrib- Ethiopia’s first prosthetic/orthotic diploma
    regularize the status of people of Eritrean uted hygiene and recreational items to con- course, a two-and-a-half-year programme
    origin living in Ethiopia. tribute to their health and welfare. It also taught by the ICRC, funded by the World
    helped build or upgrade prison water and Bank and co-organized with Ethiopia’s
    The ICRC also monitored the living con- sanitation facilities, kitchens and separate Labour and Social Affairs Ministry. The
    ditions of people of Eritrean origin living blocks for women. graduates returned to work, with ongoing
    in Ethiopia and, where necessary, made ICRC back-up. Another 19 staff from vari-
    representations on their behalf to the 68,565 detainees visited, 3,160 of them ous centres graduated in November from a
    authorities. monitored individually (1,254 newly six-month ICRC course, qualifying as
    registered), including 282 minors, assistant technicians. The delegation also
    182 civilians voluntarily repatriated during 452 visits to 282 places sponsored four Ethiopians on advanced
    from Ethiopia to Eritrea and 848 from of detention courses at the Tanzania Training Centre for
    Eritrea to Ethiopia 14,760 detainees benefited from water Orthopaedic Technologists. With these ini-
    58 documents forwarded from Ethiopia and sanitation projects and 10,950 from tiatives, Ethiopia was developing a solid
    habitat projects in 21 prisons base of skilled personnel in this sector.

    86
    ICRC ANNUAL REPORT 2005

    AUTHORITIES CIVIL SOCIETY Emergency and assistance


    programmes
    The ICRC renewed contact with govern- Promoting IHL in rural areas The ICRC’s long-term provision of vehicles,
    ment legal advisers, offering its assistance and through the media funds, training and materials to upgrade
    in incorporating key IHL provisions into In violence-prone areas, ICRC delegates the Ethiopian Red Cross ambulance serv-
    domestic law. However, as 2005 was an elec- regularly gave talks on the basic principles ice contributed to the National Society’s
    tion year, IHL implementation was not a of IHL to community elders and traditional highly efficient response during the post-
    government priority. leaders with influence on public opinion. election unrest, which saved lives.
    The organization also distributed three
    new IHL leaflets, specially designed for the In 2005, the ICRC:
    ARMED FORCES AND OTHER Afar, Gambella and SRS regions, where the
    BEARERS OF WEAPONS majority of people were illiterate. provided 59 branches with first-aid
    materials and the Addis Ababa branch
    IHL training for armed forces The ICRC fostered its contacts with the with extra funds to respond to
    With ICRC support since 1991, the Ethiopian media, providing press releases, briefings post-election unrest;
    air force had incorporated IHL into its and interviews to draw attention to IHL equipped 88 ambulances with VHF
    training, using its own instructors, and the and the organization’s related activities. It radios and financially supported
    army was in the process of doing the same. also held two IHL presentations for 73 local the ambulance service countrywide;
    journalists in Oromia and Amhara. helped organize refresher courses
    50 new armed forces instructors trained for 1,036 ambulance attendants and
    to teach IHL IHL for tomorrow’s leaders 33 first-aid coordinators and a conflict-
    in a new initiative, 2 workshops held for The ICRC encouraged institutes of higher preparedness workshop for all branches
    military personnel on IHL and internal learning to offer IHL courses and supported in Tigray;
    security operations them in so doing. It provided IHL reference replenished the National Society’s stock
    Defence University College assisted in materials and gave introductory talks to of relief goods to cover 2,000 families.
    designing IHL curricula and provided students at the five law faculties that offered
    with reference materials elective IHL courses (the universities of Restoring family links
    19 armed forces members sponsored Addis Ababa, Mekele and Bahir Dar, the With ICRC financial and technical support,
    to take part in IHL events abroad Civil Service College and Unity University the National Society’s tracing network con-
    over 1,000 Ethiopian peace-keepers College). In addition, under ICRC sponsor- tinued to improve.
    leaving for Burundi and Liberia and ship, Alemaya University’s new IHL lecturer
    UNMEE staff briefed on IHL and and the law faculty’s deputy dean partici- 22 tracing officers from 14 branches
    international human rights law pated in an IHL course abroad, and three trained as tracing instructors, who then
    armed forces assisted in producing law students from Addis Ababa University trained 40 volunteers
    draft standing orders on the introduction took part in the ICRC’s annual IHL moot- a draft tracing manual produced
    of identification tags for military court competition in Tanzania.
    personnel IHL and the Fundamental Principles
    introductory IHL talks held for military The ICRC decided to discontinue its With the support of ICRC funds, materials,
    field units countrywide Exploring Humanitarian Law programme equipment and expertise:
    in secondary schools. An extensive evalua-
    Police and security forces tion in 2005 showed that, after four years, 24 branches, assisted by 4 regional
    The ICRC, together with six Ethiopian police the programme had not taken root. offices, held talks on IHL and the
    instructors, focused on providing training Fundamental Principles for local
    in international human rights law and good authorities and community leaders;
    policing for local police, special forces and, RED CROSS AND 30 disseminators attended a training
    for the first time, civilian militia stationed RED CRESCENT MOVEMENT workshop;
    in violence-prone areas. 58 dissemination programmes were
    The Ethiopian Red Cross and the ICRC aired on radio and television.
    some 1,800 police, special forces continued to work together to deliver
    personnel and civilian-militia members emergency aid, run the tracing and RCM Mine action
    attended 21 two-day workshops in Afar, network and promote IHL and the With ICRC financial support, the Ethiopian
    Gambella, Harar, Amhara, Tigray, Fundamental Principles countrywide. The Red Cross assisted 30 mine victims in Tigray
    Oromia, Benishangul-Gumuz and ICRC provided the National Society with in attending school and 100 in starting small
    the SNNPS substantial support to develop these activi- businesses.
    introductory presentations held ties, particularly in violence-prone regions.
    for local police and militia groups To strengthen the overall structure of the
    countrywide Ethiopian Red Cross, the delegation also
    provided funds to cover the running costs
    of 14 branches, including salaries, and the
    construction of premises for the Bale
    branch in Oromia.

    87
    union
    african
    The aim of the ICRC’s permanent mission to the
    African Union (AU) is to gain a broad insight into
    multilateral African politics and humanitarian
    issues and to build strong relations with African
    governments and intergovernmental organizations
    and NGOs represented at the AU. The ICRC works
    with the AU and its member States to draw atten-
    tion to humanitarian issues, promote greater recog-
    nition and much wider implementation of IHL
    throughout Africa and raise awareness of the
    ICRC’s role and activities.

    The ICRC’s official observer status to the Organization


    of African Unity (OAU), granted in 1992, has con-
    tinued under the AU, the OAU’s successor.

    EXPENDITURE (IN CHF ,000)


    see Ethiopia

    CONTEXT
    African leaders at the two AU summits Good governance was another theme that
    in 2005 pledged to step up efforts to end remained high on the AU’s agenda. By year-
    armed conflict and political instability on end, 23 African countries had agreed to the
    the continent, stressing that peace was a African Peer Review Mechanism, whereby
    IMPLEMENTATION RATE prerequisite for prosperity. In assuming States monitored each other’s progress
    see Ethiopia the role of peace-maker, the AU faced its towards political and economic reform.
    biggest challenge in Sudan, where it had The AU had launched this initiative in 2004
    PERSONNEL
    see Ethiopia
    deployed more than 6,000 troops and mon- as part of the New Partnership for Africa’s
    itors in the troubled region of Darfur and Development, known as NEPAD, an anti-
    was mediating between the Sudanese gov- poverty blueprint promoting good political
    KEY POINTS ernment and opposition groups to end the and economic practices.
    three-year-old conflict.
    In 2005, the ICRC: The AU also continued to work to finalize
    maintained regular contact with the AU
    Commission, particularly the peace and At the AU summit in January in Abuja, its structure. In 2005, it launched the
    security, political affairs and social affairs Nigeria, member States adopted a non- Economic, Social and Cultural Council, an
    directorates, to share analyses of humanitarian aggression pact, to be backed up by pan- advisory body comprising African experts
    issues in conflict and post-conflict situations,
    spread knowledge of IHL and offer expertise African cooperation in the fields of defence from civil society, and took the decision to
    in integrating IHL into the relevant AU policies and security. In line with this and previous merge the African Court of Justice and the
    and programmes, especially the establishment resolutions, the AU moved ahead with plans African Court on Human and Peoples’ Rights.
    of African standby peace-keeping forces;
    in a decision adopted by the AU summit, was to establish a standby peace-keeping force.
    cited as a consultant on AU policies related At the same time, it was working with
    to IDPs, refugees and returnees, and was African regional economic communities
    subsequently made a full member of the
    revived AU Coordination Committee on to create regional brigades which the AU
    Assistance and Protection to Refugees and IDPs; Peace and Security Council could call on to
    gave a presentation at a meeting of the AU help restore and maintain security on the
    Committee of Experts on the Rights and
    Welfare of the Child on the protection continent. In May, the Council mandated
    afforded children by IHL in time of armed the Djibouti-based Intergovernmental
    conflict, and highlighted the plight of civilians Authority on Development (IGAD) to
    in the Darfur region of Sudan during a
    donors’ meeting convened by the AU; deploy peace-keepers in Somalia. However,
    promoted much wider implementation of deployment was being reconsidered, given
    IHL by African countries during working the internal situation in Somalia.
    meetings with AU-accredited African
    ambassadors and bilateral discussions
    with high-ranking officials of the African
    Parliamentary Union;
    fostered contacts with African regional
    economic communities, submitting
    a draft cooperation agreement to the
    Intergovernmental Authority on Development;
    maintained contact with UN agencies and
    international organizations working with
    the AU to ensure a coordinated approach to
    humanitarian diplomacy.

    88
    ICRC ANNUAL REPORT 2005

    ICRC ACTION AUTHORITIES and the growing dependence on aid. The


    ICRC’s AU mission also facilitated contact
    The ICRC was represented at the AU by a Protecting and assisting IDPs during the year between the AU and the
    full-time head of mission and a deputy. and returnees ICRC’s delegation in Sudan.
    In an important development for the ICRC,
    Throughout 2005, the ICRC’s permanent the organization was promoted from the Spreading knowledge of IHL
    mission to the AU pursued its efforts to status of observer to full member of the AU During 2005, the ICRC met both the AU
    gain a broad insight into multilateral Coordination Committee on Assistance peace and security commissioner and direc-
    African politics, draw attention to human- and Protection to Refugees and IDPs. This tor. Discussions focused on humanitarian
    itarian issues and spread knowledge of followed a decision adopted by the AU issues facing African countries in conflict
    IHL and the ICRC’s related mandate and Executive Council, with ICRC input, at the or post-conflict situations and cooperation
    activities among AU staff and representa- AU summit in January. The decision urged in the promotion of IHL, particularly the
    tives of member States, focusing on the member States to comply with IHL and integration of IHL into training pro-
    need to protect and assist civilians in time requested the AU Commission to revive the grammes for AU standby peace-keeping
    of armed conflict. It worked to ensure that coordination committee, set up by the OAU forces. The ICRC also had working meet-
    AU policies and programmes featured IHL, in 1968, and work closely with the ICRC ings for the same purpose with representa-
    where relevant, and encouraged the AU to and UNHCR to develop and implement tives of the AU peace and security, political
    draw on the ICRC’s specific expertise in policies on behalf of these vulnerable pop- affairs and social affairs directorates and
    matters pertaining to IHL. ulations. As a result, the committee held provided them, as well as the AU Peace and
    its 26th ordinary session in Addis Ababa in Security Council and the AU Permanent
    To this end, the ICRC fostered its relations May. At a bilateral meeting, the ICRC and Representatives Committee, with regular
    with AU bodies, particularly the Commission the committee’s president discussed the updates on ICRC field activities and publi-
    and its directorates of peace and security, organization’s support in drawing up a pro- cations on developments in IHL.
    political affairs and social affairs, the Peace tocol on the rights and living conditions of
    and Security Council and the Permanent IDPs and returnees, in accordance with IHL. At the same time, the ICRC had several
    Representatives Committee (AU-accredited meetings with a small group of AU-
    ambassadors). It participated in various AU A workshop on child victims accredited ambassadors. Discussions
    meetings and was made a full member of of conflict centred on ways of implementing recom-
    the Coordination Committee on Assistance To focus attention on the plight of children mendations agreed in May 2004 at a brain-
    and Protection to Refugees and IDPs. caught up in armed conflict, the ICRC storming session, hosted by the AU and
    helped organize a two-day workshop ICRC, on the theme “Strategies to ensure
    Through its network of delegations in (16–17 June) in Addis Ababa as part of compliance with IHL by actors in internal
    Africa, the ICRC developed its contacts the 6th meeting of the AU Committee of armed conflicts in Africa”. The participants
    with African regional economic communi- Experts on the Rights and Welfare of the put forward specific measures to promote
    ties, which were seen by the AU as pillars Child. Various NGOs, many of them African, the integration of IHL into AU member
    for promoting peace and political and attended the workshop, which was on the States’ legislation, armed forces training
    economic security on the continent. It general theme “Protecting orphans and and the curricula of academic institutions.
    consolidated its working relations with vulnerable children”, and tied in with the The ICRC also held a briefing in November
    the Economic Community of West African Day of the African Child on 16 June. During on IHL, the ICRC and the organization’s
    States (ECOWAS), submitted a draft coop- the workshop, the ICRC gave a presenta- relations with the AU for junior diplomats
    eration agreement to IGAD and maintained tion, expressing its particular concern from South Africa.
    a dialogue with the Southern African about the recruitment of child soldiers and
    Development Community and the Economic children who went missing or became sep- African Parliamentary Union
    Community of Central African States. arated from their families during armed The ICRC reaffirmed its willingness to help
    conflict. It explained its activities to protect the APU follow up its Niamey and Cotonou
    The ICRC maintained close contact with and assist such children and stressed the declarations, adopted in 2002 and 2004
    the African Parliamentary Union (APU). It protection afforded them by IHL. The organ- respectively. The declarations formally
    focused on assisting the Union in imple- ization also covered the costs of two of the committed the APU to ensuring that, with
    menting its mechanism to evaluate the workshop participants – a member of the ICRC support, its member States acceded
    progress of its member States in ratifying UK-based NGO Coalition to Stop the Use to IHL treaties and incorporated their
    IHL treaties and incorporating their provi- of Child Soldiers, which took part in the provisions into domestic law. Ahead of the
    sions into domestic law. ICRC’s presentation, and a Liberian Red APU’s annual conference, the ICRC met
    Cross member. separately with the Union’s secretary-
    The ICRC was also in regular contact in general and the president of the Executive
    Addis Ababa with UN agencies and inter- The crisis in Darfur Council. The ICRC was informed that an
    national organizations which were repre- Drawing on its extensive field experience APU committee, comprising 11 member
    sented at the AU in order to coordinate in Darfur, the ICRC attended and distrib- States, had been set up to review the status
    humanitarian diplomacy on issues of uted a press release at a donors’ conference of IHL implementation in member coun-
    common interest. in Addis Ababa on 26 May, convened by tries and would meet for the first time in
    the AU Mission in Sudan for Darfur and co- early 2006. The ICRC again shared its
    chaired by UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan. recommendations with the APU’s secre-
    The press release highlighted the food tariat on the role and function of the review
    shortages in rural Darfur, the climate of committee and the support that the ICRC
    insecurity, the weakening local economy could offer. The ICRC also attended, as an

    89
    AFRICA AFRICAN UNION

    observer, the APU’s Annual Conference and Developing relations with regional
    47th session of the Executive Committee, economic communities
    held on 26–30 November in Brazzaville, the The ICRC’s permanent mission to the AU
    Republic of the Congo. In a written report continued to develop its relations with
    to the Executive Committee, the APU’s Africa’s regional economic communities,
    secretary-general requested member States liaising closely with ICRC delegations in
    to inform the APU of any progress made in the countries where the bodies were based.
    the implementation of the Naimey and Of particular interest to the ICRC was
    Cotonou declarations. the fact that the AU considered that these
    communities should play a key role in the
    establishment of an AU standby peace-
    keeping force and in formulating and
    carrying out AU policies on conflict pre-
    vention, management and resolution. The
    ICRC submitted a draft cooperation agree-
    ment to IGAD, based on the agreement
    signed in 2003 with ECOWAS. The aim was
    to share analyses of humanitarian concerns,
    promote the wider application of IHL in
    Africa and offer the ICRC’s expertise in that
    body of law. The ICRC also maintained
    contact, initiated in 2004, with IGAD’s
    Addis Ababa-based Conflict and Early
    Warning and Response Mechanism centre.
    It updated the centre on its activities and
    developments in IHL and discussed shared
    concerns and future cooperation.

    90
    guinea
    GAMBIA The ICRC has been extensively involved in pro-
    SENEGAL MALI tection activities in Guinea since 2002, particu-
    larly restoring family links, visiting detainees
    GUINEA-BISSAU
    and advising the penal authorities. At the same
    time, it promotes IHL among the armed and
    GUINEA
    security forces, political authorities, media and
    Dabola
    the public. It cooperates with the Red Cross
    Faranah Kankan Society of Guinea to strengthen its capacity to
    CONAKRY
    Forécariah
    respond to emergencies and restore family links.
    Kissidougou The ICRC has worked in Guinea since 1970,
    initially through its regional delegations. Its
    GU
    SIERRA LEONE IN
    Beyla
    ÉE
    ATLANTIC
    OCEAN
    Guéckédou Macenta
    FO
    operational delegation was opened in Conakry
    RE
    ST
    IÈR
    E
    CÔTE in 2001.
    Nzérékoré D'IVOIRE

    LIBERIA

    Regional borders
    100 km Prefectural borders ICRC/AR.2005

    ICRC delegation ICRC sub-delegation

    EXPENDITURE (IN CHF ,000)


    Protection 3,905
    Assistance 2,401
    Prevention 1,711 CONTEXT
    Cooperation with National Societies 1,290
    General - President Lansana Conté escaped an attempt Notwithstanding an overall calming of the
    on his life at the beginning of 2005. He conflicts in the region, clashes between
    9,308 appointed a new prime minister, who sought two ethnic groups in Guinée Forestière,
    of which: Overheads 568 to improve Guinea’s image on the interna- the attempt on President Conté’s life and
    IMPLEMENTATION RATE tional stage by liberalizing its airwaves, other violent incidents served as a reminder
    Expenditure/yearly budget 99.2% reviving dialogue with the opposition of the volatile situation in Guinea. One of
    and authorizing multiparty politics. This the clashes – between two ethnic groups
    PERSONNEL
    29 expatriates
    prompted donors and the international in the town of N’Zérékoré – had to be
    160 national staff (daily workers not included) community to re-engage with Guinea after quashed by security forces. The clashes left
    years of strained relations caused by the about ten people injured and led to the
    KEY POINTS government’s lack of progress on reforms. arrest of nearly 200.
    In municipal elections held in December,
    In 2005, the ICRC: the president’s party won in 31 of the 38 dis-
    reunited 167 children with their families; tricts, an indication that the opposition’s
    collected 7,659 RCMs and delivered
    impact was minimal. The year saw the
    7,233 RCMs;
    concluded its three-year rural water-supply purging of the military, signalled by the
    programme, which saw the construction of announcement that several thousand per-
    90 wells and water points in border villages sonnel, including two generals, would be
    most affected by population movements; sent into retirement.
    worked with the Guinean Red Cross to start
    training 90 volunteers responsible for raising Guinea’s economic situation worsened, and
    community awareness of hygiene and safe-
    the stabilization of basic commodity prices
    water management in 85 border villages;
    donated a mobile laboratory to the Guinean at year’s end did little to ease the hardship
    water board and completed the rehabilitation of most people, who continued to depend
    of the Yalenzou water-treatment plant serving on subsistence agriculture or small-scale
    N’Zérékoré town; trade. Basic services such as water and
    visited 2,971 detainees, including 459 moni- electricity, practically non-existent beyond
    tored individually, and registered 416 new the capital, became scarcer even in Conakry
    detainees during 226 visits to 62 detention
    places;
    as State and parastatal companies found
    established contact with, and conducted themselves unable to provide any services.
    information sessions for, representatives Dilapidated health and education facilities,
    of the Ministry of the National Islamic too, received little attention as the govern-
    League and religious and traditional leaders; ment faced yet another year with dimin-
    organized 10 sessions on the ICRC, for ished donor support and remained unable
    115 religious leaders.
    to meet the people’s basic needs.

    91
    AFRICA GUINEA

    MAIN FIGURES AND INDICATORS

    PEOPLE DEPRIVED OF THEIR FREEDOM (All categories/all statuses) CIVILIANS AND PEOPLE DEPRIVED OF THEIR FREEDOM
    Detainees visited 2,971 Water and habitat
    Detainees visited and monitored individually 459 Water-supply schemes and sanitation systems
    Number of visits carried out 226 (completed projects) Beneficiaries 280,474
    Number of places of detention visited 62 Habitat structures Beneficiaries 19,100
    RESTORING FAMILY LINKS
    Red Cross messages (RCMs) and reunifications
    RCMs collected 7,659
    RCMs distributed 7,233
    People reunited with their families 172
    Tracing requests, including cases of missing persons
    People for whom a tracing request was newly registered 168
    Tracing requests closed positively (persons located) 37
    Tracing requests still being handled at 31 December 2005 234
    Unaccompanied minors (UAMs) and separated children (SCs),
    including unaccompanied demobilized child soldiers
    UAMs/SCs newly registered by the ICRC 211
    UAMs/SCs reunited with their families by the ICRC 167
    UAMs/SCs cases still being handled at 31 December 2005 618
    DOCUMENTS ISSUED
    People to whom travel documents were issued 174
    People to whom a detention attestation was issued 15

    ICRC ACTION water management, undertaken jointly with In 2005, the ICRC consolidated its already
    the Guinean Red Cross, was set to continue strong commitment to building the capacity
    Many Liberians were reluctant to go home in 2006. of the Guinean Red Cross. The International
    before the elections in their country. This Federation’s deployment of a representative
    slowed down the return process. Accordingly, The ICRC continued visiting all deten- to Guinea around July made it possible to
    throughout 2005, the ICRC concentrated tion in places under the jurisdiction of the resume tripartite cooperation, suspended
    on assisting Liberian refugees, particularly Ministries of Justice and Security. It moni- since the Federation’s departure from Guinea
    children separated from their families. It tored closely the situation in these places, in 2004. Increased ICRC involvement in
    remained a principal actor in restoring paying particular attention to judicial coordinating Movement operations in
    family links and helping reunite children guarantees, the treatment of detainees and Guinea led to the launch of a project to co-
    and vulnerable people with their families. detention conditions. Following the visits, finance the construction of a national
    it presented its observations and gave headquarters for the Guinean Red Cross.
    Several agencies coordinated their efforts to advice to the prison and judicial authori-
    find the best solutions for the last group of ties. It provided material and structural
    Sierra Leonean children still separated from support to the prison system, carrying out CIVILIANS
    their families. The ICRC focused on secur- therapeutic feeding, water-supply and
    ing greater protection for registered chil- sanitation programmes as an emergency Protecting civilians
    dren seeking their families. This meant measure to bridge the gap left by a State The ICRC maintained its dialogue with
    interceding on their behalf and, whenever prison system unable to cater adequately to the local, regional and national authori-
    possible, referring them to an agency able detainees’ needs. The organization also ties, security and police forces, the judiciary
    to provide them with support. By the end facilitated interministerial dialogue to help and civil society. The purpose was to keep
    of 2005, a much-delayed UNICEF-funded improve the treatment and living condi- abreast of any developments in the human-
    programme to follow up Guinean children tions of detainees. itarian situation, notably a spillover into
    associated with fighting forces and already Guinea of the instability in neighbouring
    reunited with their families by the ICRC The ICRC strengthened its contacts and countries. The ICRC continued to bring to
    finally got off the ground. relations with opposition, religious and tra- the authorities’ attention its concerns about
    ditional leaders to explain its mandate and violations of rules protecting the dignity
    The end of 2005 saw the conclusion of the promote its activities in Guinea. Meetings and integrity of individuals.
    ICRC water and sanitation programmes. with the leaders enabled the organization
    Spanning the years since the attacks in to gain a better understanding of the To better detect and respond to civilians’
    Guinée Forestière, the programmes built groups they represented, their role in soci- problems arising from mass influxes of
    90 safe water points for rural Guineans ety and their perceptions of the Red Cross. refugees, violations of IHL or similar situ-
    and restored water-treatment plants in the Discussions with the army chief of staff ations, the ICRC compiled information on
    three main towns affected by insecurity helped revitalize a joint ICRC/Guinean villages along Guinea’s borders with Côte
    and population displacements. The part of military IHL training programme. d’Ivoire and Liberia. The data should help
    the programmes aimed at raising commu- determine the villages most at risk, the
    nities’ awareness of hygiene and proper resources available locally to resolve related

    92
    ICRC ANNUAL REPORT 2005

    problems, and the kind of support that 6,923 RCMs collected from and funded by UNICEF had been selected
    would be needed urgently (in terms of 6,834 RCMs delivered to civilians to help reintegrate 23 such children and
    food, water, sanitation, etc.) in the event of 37 persons located; 234 tracing cases 115 other children at risk of recruitment
    a crisis. still being processed (117 regarding into their communities.
    women and 109 minors at the time
    2 emergency water-treatment kits of disappearance) To assist Sierra Leonean children whose
    pre-positioned in Kissidougou and 211 new cases of unaccompanied families had yet to be located despite years of
    N’Zérékoré to supply 10,000 people children and children separated from tracing efforts, the ICRC cooperated with
    with 5 litres of water daily for their parents registered in and outside UNICEF, UNHCR and the International
    three months camps Rescue Committee to seek durable solutions.
    emergency stock of household items 666 registered people, including These included repatriation and proposals
    for 4,000 families (20,000 people) Liberians, Sierra Leoneans and Ivorians to the Guinean authorities to integrate the
    maintained in Conakry and ICRC monitored children into local communities.
    sub-delegations to respond to needs 167 children (unaccompanied/separated
    occasioned by internal and/or or demobilized) registered in Guinea Improving civilians’ living
    sub-regional tensions reunited with their relatives in conditions and access to water
    Côte d’Ivoire, Guinea, Liberia and In the rural Guinée Forestière region, the
    Restoring family links Sierra Leone ICRC continued implementing its water
    For years, refugees in Guinea lacked the repatriation by UNHCR and follow up and sanitation programmes, constructing
    means to locate and maintain contact with by the ICRC of 129 unaccompanied and restoring 30 wells in 85 villages and
    family members separated from them by children to Liberia and fitting them with hand pumps. This raised
    conflict. The RCM network, run by the 26 to Sierra Leone the number of wells constructed by the
    ICRC in cooperation with the Guinean 594 cases of unaccompanied/separated organization to 90, serving some 70,000 peo-
    Red Cross, continued to assist civilians children and 24 of demobilized children ple. Together with the Guinean Red Cross,
    affected by conflict, particularly refugees, still being processed the ICRC launched a health education pro-
    to re-establish family links. gramme in each of the villages to help
    Assisting children separated sustain and manage the wells.
    With the consolidation of peace, many from their families
    refugees had gradually returned to their The living conditions of registered unac- In urban areas, the project for the restora-
    home countries or found alternative chan- companied children remaining in refugee tion of the N’Zérékoré water-treatment
    nels of communication. This had eased camps deteriorated for various reasons. and pumping station, undertaken in collab-
    the ICRC’s caseload, enabling it to focus A reduction in food assistance and services oration with the Guinean water board,
    its services on those still with no other means (such as secondary education and health neared completion, with 95% of the work
    of communication (unaccompanied chil- care), along with the repatriation of foster accomplished by the end of 2005.
    dren, children separated from their parents families, left children with limited material
    and accompanied by a vulnerable family assistance, adult supervision and care, and access to water and sanitation
    member or other caregiver, and vulnerable increased their risk of exploitation. improved for a total of 280,000 people
    adults). houses constructed/rebuilt for
    Regular visits to the children enabled the 19,100 people
    In 2005, the ICRC identified, registered ICRC to assess their situation. On many
    and regularly monitored new cases falling occasions, and with the children’s prior
    within its criteria, but exercised extra consent, the ICRC interceded with other PEOPLE DEPRIVED
    caution because it had recently noted that organizations to assist them. It continued OF THEIR FREEDOM
    many of those originally believed to be to seek out organizations in a position to
    unaccompanied children or otherwise falling offer ad hoc specialized assistance to people Safeguarding detainees’ welfare
    within ICRC criteria were in fact accompa- it had registered outside refugee camps. The ICRC continued to visit regularly
    nied and thus far less vulnerable than ini- Particular efforts were devoted to three detainees held in 32 permanent places of
    tially believed. This reduced the number of categories of children separated from detention under the authority of the Justice
    cases deserving close attention and prompted their families. Ministry. It regularly visited major police
    the ICRC to close some of them. and gendarmerie posts in Conakry, while
    Female field officers were hired to improve it conducted such visits elsewhere in the
    The ICRC regularly revisited children search- the organization’s access to girls in diffi- country as needed. Access to these tempo-
    ing for their relatives or awaiting family culty and to assess the needs of 22 ICRC- rary places of detention improved follow-
    reunification and offered them the oppor- registered girls, particularly pregnant ones ing dissemination sessions conducted by
    tunity to correspond with their parents. and underage mothers. the ICRC at central and local levels.
    The children’s number gradually dropped
    owing to family reunifications carried out As part of the effort to support children The ICRC continued to monitor closely the
    by the ICRC and other organizations and formerly associated with fighting forces in case of Ivorians detained after they sought
    to ongoing repatriation. To keep track of the sub-region, Guinean children were refuge in Guinea. Representations were
    those who opted for repatriation, the ICRC reunited with their families and regularly made to various authorities to remind them
    was present at the departure of UNHCR visited thereafter, pending the arrival of of their obligations to respect the principle
    convoys and verified their safe arrival other child-protection agencies capable of non-refoulement. The ICRC proposed
    back home. of providing the necessary follow-up. By practical ways of dealing with the issue.
    the end of 2005, a local organization

    93
    AFRICA GUINEA

    2,971 detainees visited during 226 visits 3 water and sanitation projects success- 1 high-ranking military officer
    to 62 detention places; 459 detainees, fully implemented with the prison sponsored to attend an IHL course
    including 43 minors and 22 women, authorities, 2 others neared completion; in San Remo
    monitored individually access to water and sanitation improved information sessions organized for
    736 RCMs collected from and for 474 inmates 1,980 soldiers, officers and elite troops;
    399 RCMs delivered to detainees support given for the creation of information sessions/a round-table
    committees comprising detainees and on the ICRC and detention held for
    A constructive dialogue with the Justice prison personnel to improve hygiene in 36 security officers in N’Zérékoré
    Ministry, in particular the prison adminis- 8 prisons, and training in basic hygiene and Conakry
    tration, centred on detainees’ access to and upkeep of repaired facilities provided 4 seminars on IHL/human rights law
    health care and food, respect for judicial buckets, brooms and soap distributed organized for 150 high-ranking police
    guarantees and the optimal allocation and to all permanent detention places officials
    use of resources. The ICRC made written distribution of prison registers initiated training seminar held for 30 police
    and oral representations to prosecutors, officers
    judges and the chief of police, notably
    with regard to basic judicial guarantees, in WOUNDED AND SICK
    particular where the detention of minors CIVIL SOCIETY
    aged under 13 was concerned. In addition An emergency stock of medical supplies for
    it organized a workshop on judicial guar- the treatment of 100 hospitalized war- ICRC efforts to acquaint the public with its
    antees attended by staff of the central wounded and first-aid kits to treat 600 peo- mandate, activities and IHL reached hun-
    prison in Conakry and stakeholders from ple were positioned in Conakry and in dreds of people countrywide. The organiza-
    the judicial sector. ICRC sub-delegations as a contingency tion strengthened relations with the media,
    measure in the event of emergencies. which reported widely on humanitarian
    Repeated ICRC representations helped per- activities, and maintained contacts with
    suade the authorities to reallocate resources local and regional organizations, including
    according to needs in various prisons and AUTHORITIES the Mano River Women’s Peace Network.
    to decide on a new prison food-supply
    system. In late 2005, the ICRC organized a The ICRC launched an initiative to support a trip organized for international
    round-table with representatives of various the creation of an IHL committee and journalists covering reunification of
    ministries, during which steps were taken maintained contact with an interministerial children with their families in Guinea
    to implement the new system of supplying committee tasked with combating the pro- and Liberia
    food to detainees. The ICRC continued liferation of light weapons. a round-table and other sessions on
    supporting the prison administration and the ICRC organized for members of the
    closely monitoring food supply to facilitate 2 high-ranking government officials Ministry of the National Islamic League,
    prison reform. sponsored to attend the Economic 14 NGOs and Guinean youth associations
    Community of West African States/ICRC an information stand mounted at the
    Implementation of the protocol agreement IHL seminar in Abuja (see Abuja) “Forum Social Africain” held in
    on health in detention places, signed by Conakry in December
    the Justice and Health Ministries in 2004, A series of round-tables enabled the ICRC
    remained slow. Noted progress included to consolidate its relations with the regional The ICRC and Guinea’s three main univer-
    the appointment of medical personnel to authorities and culminated in plans to pro- sities organized an IHL competition. The
    monitor prisons and the allocation of a mote IHL, protect the emblem and improve ICRC sponsored the best four of the 150 con-
    small budget for medicines for detainees detention conditions. testants to represent Guinea in a regional
    countrywide. moot-court competition held in Dakar
    information sessions organized for local in August.
    Following a national survey, five prisons and national authorities countrywide
    were selected as priorities for rehabilitation. on the ICRC’s mandate and activities IHL module integrated into Kankan
    The work enhanced access to potable water University’s curriculum
    and improved sanitary installations and the an IHL session held for 35 college
    living environment (lighting, ventilation, ARMED FORCES AND OTHER lecturers
    partial roof repairs and fumigation). BEARERS OF WEAPONS 2 professors sponsored to attend the
    pan-African IHL course in Yaoundé
    some 450 detainees supported through The ICRC and the country’s army chief of (see Yaoundé)
    therapeutic feeding programmes carried staff organized a round-table that assem-
    out in 10 detention places bled 28 high-ranking officers, opening a
    some 300 detainees in 11 prisons treated dialogue with the military hierarchy and
    for scabies by the ICRC/authorities; prompting the adoption of an action plan
    health programme established for the that articulated the forces’ responsibilities
    entire prison population in these prisons in integrating IHL and the support the
    with the authorities, first-aid kits ICRC could bring to the process. Efforts to
    distributed to prisons familiarize the armed and security forces
    mass deworming programmes conducted with the ICRC and IHL took into account
    in 3 detention places the organization’s operational needs, notably
    access to detainees.

    94
    ICRC ANNUAL REPORT 2005

    RED CROSS AND the Red Cross school programme


    RED CRESCENT MOVEMENT introduced in 7 schools, raising the
    number of participating schools to 92;
    Coordination of Movement activities a Red Cross course conducted for
    and tracing services 62 lecturers from teacher training
    Lack of financial and human resources and institutions and 180 primary- and
    insufficient support from other Movement secondary-school teachers; conferences
    partners constrained the National Society’s organized to familiarize 350 parents,
    efforts to address humanitarian needs. teachers and students with the
    Until July, the ICRC was the only Movement programme; 50 programme committee
    partner present in the country and support- members trained
    ing the National Society. The International the national interministerial committee
    Federation assisted the National Society’s on misuse of the emblem decentralized
    cholera-prevention programme. National Society representatives
    briefed ahead of the 28th International
    ICRC support included: Conference in Seoul; the National
    Society’s participation in the conference
    assisting in the evaluation of the funded
    National Society’s tracing services and
    the production of a tracing manual
    and field guide for early-response and
    first-aid teams;
    the monthly follow-up and training
    of committees active in tracing along
    volatile borders;
    the training of 340 committee members
    and 26 directors;
    donating bicycles and office supplies
    to the National Society.

    Responding to emergencies and


    promoting IHL and the Movement
    The ICRC continued strengthening the
    National Society’s capacities to respond to
    emergencies and promote the Fundamental
    Principles, and helped it revise its contingency
    plan to enhance emergency preparedness.

    the “Safer Access” approach presented


    to 60 National Society leaders; 780 Red
    Cross members and 180 members of
    early-response teams trained; first-aid
    trainers’ workshop conducted for
    16 team leaders
    90 volunteer community workers
    trained to manage the sanitation
    facilities and 90 wells constructed by
    the ICRC
    support provided for the construction
    of 2 National Society branch offices
    5 dissemination workshops held for
    114 National Society leaders; the “Safer
    Access” framework used to emphasize
    the importance of activities such as
    IHL dissemination on the safety of
    Movement partners
    IHL workshops organized for 39 trainers
    and communicators
    26 local committees assisted in celebrating
    World Red Cross and Red Crescent Day
    on 8 May
    production of the National Society’s
    quarterly newsletter and promotional
    materials supported

    95
    liberia
    Macenta
    Following the spread of intense fighting early in
    Guéckédou
    Voinjama GUINEA 2003, which ended with a peace agreement in
    SIERRA LEONE
    Kolahun August, the ICRC stepped up its operations in
    Vahun
    Kenema
    LOFA
    Liberia. With large numbers of people returning
    Nzérékoré
    GRAND
    CAPE home to their destroyed villages, needs remain
    MOUNT Gbarpolu Sanniquellie
    Tubmanburg County Haindi Man
    great. In 2005, ICRC assistance and protection
    Gbarnga
    Bong Mines
    Sinje BOMI
    BONG
    activities concentrated on returnees (former
    Robertsport MARGIBI CÔTE D'IVOIRE
    MONTSERRADO
    NIMBA IDPs and refugees) and residents, the wounded
    MONROVIA GRAND BASSA
    Zwedru and sick, detainees, and children separated from
    LIBERIA their families. The ICRC supports the Liberian
    RIVERCESS

    GRAND GEDEH
    Red Cross Society and promotes IHL among all
    ATLANTIC OCEAN SINOE armed forces present in Liberia. The ICRC has
    worked in Liberia since 1970, initially through its
    GRAND KR U regional delegations. Its operational delegation
    MARYLAND in Monrovia was opened in 1990.
    100 km
    ICRC/AR.2005

    ICRC delegation ICRC sub-delegation ICRC office

    EXPENDITURE (IN CHF ,000)


    Protection 6,031
    Assistance 21,429
    Prevention 747 CONTEXT
    Cooperation with National Societies 1,952
    General 16 All actors in Liberia – the UN, the National overgrown after years of lying fallow. Public
    Transitional Government (NTG) and civil services such as health care, schools, water
    30,174 society, etc. – devoted 2005 to organizing the supply and sanitation were rundown or
    of which: Overheads 1,822 presidential elections in October, which inexistent. Refugees and IDPs returned to
    IMPLEMENTATION RATE recorded a high turnout of the 1.3 million their areas of origin with very little, and in
    Expenditure/yearly budget 92.2% registered voters. The international commu- some regions, their return rekindled ethnic
    nity and its observers declared the elections animosities and land and property disputes.
    PERSONNEL
    46 expatriates
    and the presidential run-off in November
    306 national staff (daily workers not included) largely a success. The elections proved to The International Civilian Police (CIVPOL)
    be a stiff contest, with Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf made progress in creating and training a
    KEY POINTS emerging the victor over George Weah. The new police force. However, the restructur-
    swearing in of the new president was planned ing and training of the new armed forces
    In 2005, the ICRC: for January 2006. were delayed by lack of funding, and the
    reunited 71 Liberian refugee and displaced planned strength of the force was reduced
    children, including those formerly associated
    All military factions were disbanded and from 4,000 to 2,000. Judicial reforms
    with fighting forces, with their parents in
    Liberia; continued monitoring 142 children, some 107,000 fighters disarmed and demo- remained at the embryonic stage.
    including those formerly associated with bilized – three times more than expected.
    fighting forces; Nevertheless, the rehabilitation and reinte- The NTG was particularly notorious for
    collected 33,136 RCMs, including 438 from gration process made a slow start. With rel- corruption. Reluctant to disburse funds
    children separated from their families; atively few programmes to equip them with pledged for the country’s reconstruction
    together with the Liberian Red Cross, useful skills, many ex-combatants were left and in an effort to rein in corruption, the
    distributed 26,630 RCMs, including 329 to
    disillusioned and disgruntled, making them donor community signed an agreement
    children;
    visited 548 detainees in 33 places of a potentially serious security threat. Some with the NTG, binding also on future gov-
    detention; facilitated the return of almost 15,000 troops from the UN Mission in ernments, providing for the placement of
    400 Liberian ex-fighters interned in Liberia (UNMIL) helped maintain peace international experts in key government
    Sierra Leone; and stability in the country. institutions to provide checks and balances.
    assisted over 430,000 people by distributing
    seeds to 75,000 families, tools to 85,000 families By the end of 2005, some 50% of Liberian Liberia continued to depend substantially
    and essential household items to
    24,000 families;
    refugees had returned from Sierra Leone on imports and foreign aid. With the UN
    revived 6 primary-health-care facilities and Guinea, and well over 80% of the esti- sanctions on diamonds and timber extended
    by renovating and equipping them, and mated 300,000 IDPs had left the camps for 12 months and the commercial agricul-
    continued to support 5 existing facilities where they were staying. Unfortunately, the tural sector all but collapsed, little was pro-
    in Lofa, Grand Kru, Grand Bassa and vast majority could only make it home after duced locally, and unemployment was high.
    Montserrado counties; rebuilt 3 facilities the onset of the rainy season when it was
    in Lofa and built/repaired 468 wells/
    too late to plant crops, making it difficult The fragile situation in neighbouring Côte
    682 latrines in Monrovia and 6 counties;
    organized sessions on the Movement for for them to start rebuilding their lives. d’Ivoire affected areas along the border
    over 2,000 police recruits and promoted between the two countries, with reports
    respect for international standards governing Homes had been destroyed during the con- emerging of the recruitment of fighters,
    the treatment of detainees. flict, and agricultural land had become including children, by Ivorian armed groups.

    96
    ICRC ANNUAL REPORT 2005

    MAIN FIGURES AND INDICATORS

    PEOPLE DEPRIVED OF THEIR FREEDOM (All categories/all statuses) CIVILIANS


    Detainees visited 548 Economic security, water and habitat
    Number of visits carried out 62 Food Beneficiaries 36,119
    Number of places of detention visited 33 Essential household items Beneficiaries 143,898
    RESTORING FAMILY LINKS Agricultural inputs and micro-economic initiatives Beneficiaries 432,029
    Red Cross messages (RCMs) and reunifications Water-supply schemes and sanitation systems
    RCMs collected 33,136 (completed projects) Beneficiaries 4,750
    RCMs distributed 26,630 Health
    People reunited with their families 71 Health centres supported Structures 11
    Tracing requests, including cases of missing persons Consultations Patients 99,242
    People for whom a tracing request was newly registered 123 Immunizations Activities 69,360
    Tracing requests closed positively (persons located) 36 WOUNDED AND SICK
    Tracing requests still being handled at 31 December 2005 256 Hospitals supported Structures 2
    Unaccompanied minors (UAMs) and separated children (SCs), Admissions Patients 1,296
    including unaccompanied demobilized child soldiers Operations Operations performed 312
    UAMs/SCs newly registered by the ICRC 76
    UAMs/SCs reunited with their families by the ICRC 71
    UAMs/SCs cases still being handled at 31 December 2005 142
    DOCUMENTS ISSUED
    People to whom travel documents were issued 25

    ICRC ACTION contingents, the newly trained Liberian CIVILIANS


    police force and the fledgling judiciary.
    The ICRC’s priority was to provide protec- Protecting civilians and restoring
    tion and assistance to the significant num- Lack of Liberian health staff, the remote- family links
    bers of refugees returning spontaneously ness of certain areas and delays in the The few armed elements still present were
    to Liberia and the even larger numbers of restructuring of the Liberian armed forces confined to isolated parts of the country.
    IDPs returning to their places of origin. It hampered the implementation of certain The diminishing threat from these quarters
    provided agricultural tools and other mate- ICRC objectives. Moreover, willing as they was counterbalanced by a marked increase in
    rial assistance and repaired or built health- were to cooperate with the ICRC, the violent criminality, often involving firearms
    care facilities and water and sanitation authorities had limited capacity to act. and mob violence in parts of Monrovia.
    systems to help the people in areas that had
    absorbed the most returnees, mainly Lofa Mainly alone in implementing assistance Areas rich in natural resources, including
    and Nimba counties, to rebuild their lives. programmes in many parts of Liberia, the rubber plantations and gold and diamond
    The organization extended similar support ICRC was concerned that less humanitar- mines, attracted former fighters who con-
    to other areas, such as the south-east, which ian aid than needed or expected had been tinued to pose a threat to local security. The
    had been affected by prolonged conflict but forthcoming. Its uninterrupted presence alleged recruitment of children in areas
    had received little external assistance. To and activities in the Liberian hinterland adjacent to the Ivorian border was another
    cater to the needs of returnees in these areas, confirmed the ICRC as a major actor within cause of concern.
    the ICRC stepped up emergency assistance the humanitarian and international com-
    to them. It also provided the health facilities munity. It pursued regular discussion and Through its considerable tracing and assis-
    it had rehabilitated with medical supplies coordination with other agencies present tance programmes, the ICRC reinforced its
    and on-the-job staff training. in Liberia. presence in communities throughout Liberia
    and was thus in a position to monitor closely
    Considerable emphasis was placed on The ICRC remained the Movement’s lead vulnerable population groups.
    restoring contact between family members agency in Liberia and continued to support
    dispersed by the conflict, particularly the Liberian Red Cross’s tracing, communi- Thousands of families dispersed by conflict
    reuniting children with relatives. The ICRC cation, first-aid and emergency-response continued to rely on RCMs to re-establish
    initiated programmes tailored to meet the programmes. and maintain contact with relatives in and
    needs of individual children separated from around Liberia.
    their families, including those formerly
    associated with fighting forces. The ICRC began implementing some of the
    recommendations of a 2004 external evalu-
    The ICRC regularly visited the ever- ation of its programme to trace the relatives
    increasing number of places of detention of Liberian children separated from their
    throughout the country to monitor condi- families. At the end of 2005, the ICRC was
    tions of detention and provide assistance monitoring over 713 such children living in
    as required. It also continued to promote the West African sub-region. About 44% had
    IHL, human rights law and the ICRC’s role yet to re-establish links with their families.
    and mandate among foreign military

    97
    AFRICA LIBERIA

    71 refugee and displaced Liberian In regions receiving returnees, the ICRC continued to struggle without external
    children reunited with family in Liberia; provided residents and returnees with tools, assistance. With hospitals functioning in
    55 new cases of unaccompanied/separated seeds and household items. only five counties, the ICRC referred
    children and 21 of demobilized children patients to secondary health-care facilities
    registered tools distributed to some 85,000 house- in Monrovia and transferred emergency
    33,136 RCMs collected (438 from holds, 1,400 tonnes of rice seed and cases directly to them.
    children separated from their families) vegetable seeds distributed to
    and 26,630 RCMs delivered (329 to 75,000 families, vegetable-seed kits The ICRC maintained its primary-health-
    children) distributed to 6,000 families care activities in Voinjama District of Lofa
    123 tracing requests collected from 150 tonnes of food distributed County, remained the sole international
    Liberian parents and children outside as seed-protection rations for actor supporting the health sector in Grand
    the sub-region; 36 solved positively 30,000 individuals Kru County and launched a new project in
    and 256 (including133 women and some 24,000 essential household Kolahun District.
    165 minors at the time of disappearance) items (kitchen sets, sleeping mats,
    still being processed at the end of 2005 tarpaulins, clothes, buckets) distributed The refresher training programme for
    all children previously reunited with to returnees traditional midwives continued in Lofa
    their families regularly monitored County, and a similar one was launched in
    to ensure their effective reintegration Small-scale ICRC-run agricultural projects Grand Kru County. The programme con-
    benefited approximately 800 individuals. centrated on antenatal care, babies’ nutri-
    The ICRC launched a sub-regional poster These included kitchen-garden projects tion, and hygiene, while raising awareness
    campaign, featuring 371 unaccompanied teaching vulnerable women how to pro- of and providing guidance on the manage-
    minors from four countries, drawing much- duce vegetables for income generation, and ment of cases involving sexual violence.
    needed attention to the lingering plight of a project aimed at multiplying improved The courses were attended by 95 traditional
    children separated from their families. rice-seed varieties. midwives in Lofa and 102 in Grand Kru.

    Helping IDPs and returnees cope Kitchen-garden projects in Lofa and Nimba In Voinjama District, the Voinjama health
    with their circumstances counties, involving over 120 children, were centre became the main medical facility, with
    By late 2005, well over half of the nearly among the very few vocational training a doctor appointed by the Health Ministry
    600,000 Liberians in IDP and refugee camps programmes for children, including those and a basic laboratory. The health centre
    had returned to their places of origin. The formerly associated with fighting forces, performed 38,679 consultations. Three addi-
    launch in March of the UN-supported outside Monrovia. These programmes pro- tional clinics provided basic preventive and
    process to accelerate the return of IDPs vided valuable lessons for bigger reintegra- curative health care in the district.
    considerably increased the numbers return- tion programmes initiated at the end of 2005
    ing to their homes. By the end of 2005, for the same target group. In Kolahun District, the ICRC renovated
    a mere 50,000 people were estimated to and furnished two clinics and a health
    have remained in IDP camps and over Through a pilot shelter project, using the centre in preparation for reopening in
    200,000 in refugee camps. food-for-work approach, over 250 tradi- early 2006.
    tional houses were constructed for vulnera-
    International NGOs and other government ble returnees in Lofa and Nimba counties. In Grand Kru County, five facilities were
    partners provided preventive and primary upgraded and provided with medical sup-
    health care in the camps. The ICRC con- The ICRC maintained support to the plies, and Health Ministry staff received
    tinued to run a clinic in Blamacee Camp for Liberian Red Cross Child Advocacy and incentives. A health centre was equipped
    IDPs in Montserrado County until the end Rehabilitation programme in Monrovia. with a basic laboratory.
    of 2005, when all the families in the camp The object of the programme was to pro-
    had received resettlement entitlements. It vide schooling, vocational training and psy- some 90,000 consultations given at
    also helped the community take over and chological support to 150 children affected ICRC-supported primary-health-care
    run the facility as a clinic for the resident by conflict, thus facilitating their return to facilities (an average of 11 centres)
    population. a normal life. covering an estimated population of
    189,000 people
    some 10,000 consultations performed Health care, water and sanitation
    in ICRC clinic, and 63 patients referred for conflict-weary civilians The ICRC continued to improve water sup-
    to Monrovia hospitals Just as rural communities had begun to ply and sanitation conditions for under-
    249 health-education sessions organized recover from the effects of conflict, the served communities and institutions in six
    for the community return of large numbers of former IDPs counties and in Monrovia and its environs.
    threatened to overstretch already meagre Altogether, 341,920 people benefited from
    The ICRC maintained latrines, wells and resources. Essential services such as water the organization’s water and sanitation pro-
    bathhouses and disposed of solid waste in supply and basic sanitation remained grammes, including 4,750 who benefited
    five camps housing 60,000 people. With the inadequate, leaving rural populations from those completed in 2005.
    closure of two camps in June and the steady dependent on the limited health services
    return of IDPs to their places of origin, the provided by humanitarian agencies. 337 wells and 376 latrines constructed
    number of people assisted dropped to 20,000. or rehabilitated in places anticipating
    In tandem with these projects, the ICRC and International NGOs began expanding pri- huge numbers of returnees, chiefly Lofa,
    the Liberian Red Cross carried out activities mary health care and reviving clinics and Grand Gedeh, Bong, River Gee,
    to promote hygiene. health centres. Some counties, however, Maryland and River Cess counties

    98
    ICRC ANNUAL REPORT 2005

    131 wells and 303 latrines constructed preventive services, surgical, medical, pae- ARMED FORCES AND OTHER
    in swampy and/or overpopulated diatric and obstetric care for emergency and BEARERS OF WEAPONS
    communities in Monrovia and its semi-elective patients, and received patients
    environs, including in 10 orphanages from River Cess County. Raising awareness of IHL and
    humanitarian principles among
    Stephen A. Tolbert Memorial Hospital the armed and security forces
    PEOPLE DEPRIVED some 32,000 outpatient consultations The formation and training by UNMIL/
    OF THEIR FREEDOM given; over 950 patients admitted; CIVPOL of the new police force progressed
    312 operations performed well, exceeding the initial target of training
    Safeguarding the welfare a generator, monthly fuel supplies, 1,800 officers. The ICRC:
    of detainees medical and other supplies and
    Years of war in Liberia had caused the col- incentives for 70 staff provided organized 67 sessions on its mandate
    lapse of national law and order institutions, seminars held monthly to build the and activities, for 2,016 recruits;
    particularly the correctional and judicial capacity of the management team and regularly met CIVPOL instructors and
    systems, as evidenced by congested places the quality of nursing care the management of the police academy.
    of detention and a surge in the number of
    cases awaiting trial. With the gradual rise Lack of human resources hampered the The Defence Ministry, supported by the US
    in the number of detainees countrywide ICRC’s plans to revamp the Rally Time government and UNMIL, dismantled the
    throughout 2005, an increasing number of Hospital in Grand Cess County, and the 15,000-strong army, demobilizing over
    places of detention resumed operations. facility functioned as a health centre with a 12,000 troops. The ICRC:
    basic laboratory.
    The ICRC had unfettered access to all offi- maintained contact with the ministry;
    cial places of detention and visited detainees Rally Time Hospital established contact with DynCorp,
    regularly. It extended its activities to all the medical supplies donated, and financial a private security firm restructuring/
    33 newly identified or established places incentives provided to staff training the armed forces;
    of detention. It collected 44 RCMs from some 9,000 outpatient consultations maintained a dialogue with the UNMIL
    detainees and distributed 10 RCMs to them, carried out; over 300 patients admitted military hierarchy and troops;
    thereby enabling them to re-establish con- organized 18 sessions on IHL, the ICRC
    tact with their families. and the UN Secretary-General’s bulletin
    AUTHORITIES on observance by UN forces of IHL
    In 2005, the ICRC successfully monitored for 1,260 UN military observers and
    compliance with the conditions of the repa- Promoting IHL and the UNMIL command.
    triation of 387 Liberian internees held in its implementation
    Sierra Leone since 2003 and of their reinte- The ICRC maintained its dialogue with the
    gration into their communities (see also international and national authorities, CIVIL SOCIETY
    Sierra Leone). attending coordination meetings and
    briefing representatives of the govern- Familiarizing the public with IHL
    The ICRC encouraged the authorities to ment, UNMIL and the UN, the Economic The ICRC continued to foster relations
    assume their rightful role in improving Community of West African States with the local and international media.
    detention conditions and supported them (ECOWAS) and NGOs on its role and Humanitarian issues that caught the media’s
    in doing so. activities. Its efforts included: interest included an exhibition marking
    20 years of the ICRC’s water and sanitation
    separate latrines and bathhouses regular contact with the Foreign and programmes, as well as child-protection,
    constructed for male and female Justice ministries, sponsoring 2 ministry tracing and economic-security activities.
    detainees in 3 prisons; a similar project representatives to attend an ECOWAS/
    under way in another prison ICRC course in Abuja on IHL 2 trips organized for international
    implementation; journalists to witness the reunification
    contact with a professor of international of refugee/displaced Liberian children
    WOUNDED AND SICK law at Liberia University to discuss an with their families in Liberia
    IHL study; 6th tracing campaign launched with
    Bringing health care closer 3 IHL sessions/workshops on IHL the media
    to the people and the ICRC for 152 local and testing of the educational comic book,
    Greater Monrovia had several private and community leaders/representatives Battle of the villages, successfully
    public hospitals. Seven counties had func- of the Independent Human Rights completed in 9 schools
    tional secondary hospitals. People from Commission;
    other counties, however, had to travel long publication of news releases on the
    distances or even seek care from neigh- website of the UN Humanitarian
    bouring countries. Information Centre for Liberia.

    The ICRC continued supporting the


    Stephen A. Tolbert Memorial Hospital in
    Grand Bassa County until December 2005,
    when it was handed over to the Mittal
    Steel Company. The very busy 30-bed
    general hospital provided outpatient and

    99
    AFRICA LIBERIA

    RED CROSS AND national contingency plan, trained Red


    RED CRESCENT MOVEMENT Cross volunteers ran first-aid posts in major
    cities during the general elections.
    Strengthening the National Society’s
    legal, doctrinal and structural base The National Society signed a contract to
    The ICRC, the Liberian Red Cross and the deliver a first-aid course for 500 Firestone
    International Federation organized six Rubber Company workers and trained
    workshops on governance for 14 Red Cross 20 UNICEF staff.
    chapters, attended by 201 participants. The
    National Society’s newly adopted first-aid National Society activities supported by
    training policy helped to put in place an the ICRC included:
    effective contingency plan ahead of the
    general and run-off elections. first-aid training for 400 volunteers;
    distribution of 32,060 kg of seeds/
    With support from the ICRC, the president seedlings to 3,985 families and
    and the secretary general of the National 1,761 agricultural tools to 934 families;
    Society attended the Council of Delegates the creation of 10 community committees
    in Seoul in November. to manage constructed/rehabilitated
    water wells; the training and equipping
    The Liberian Red Cross produced a draft of 20 people to maintain community
    of internal regulations on the use of the water pumps;
    emblem by its staff and volunteers and a analysis and treatment of over
    draft petition to the National Transitional 200 water sources; the installation of
    Legislative Assembly for the enactment of 300 chlorination pots in open wells;
    an emblem law. It submitted them both to distribution of material assistance
    the authorities for review. to 474 families;
    the supply of starter kits to 145 children
    Supporting Liberian Red Cross from the Child Advocacy and
    activities Rehabilitation programme.
    The ICRC continued to support the National
    Society’s tracing network, with 209 volun- Movement partners continued to observe
    teers operating in 159 locations. The two security rules updated by the ICRC and held
    partners produced and distributed a hand- meetings on issues of common concern.
    book for all tracing officers and volunteers Additionally, guidelines for internal and
    active in the country. external communication were established.

    180 tracing volunteers trained


    2 courses conducted for 21 tracing
    officers

    ICRC efforts to strengthen the National


    Society’s capacity to promote IHL, the
    Fundamental Principles and respect for
    the emblem included:

    sessions for 2,000 National Society


    staff/volunteers;
    a training module on IHL promotion;
    the donation of 15 television sets,
    generators and video recorders;
    the donation of 30 flip charts for use
    in dissemination;
    help with the printing of 4,000 brochures/
    calendars;
    help in establishing 60 Red Cross youth
    clubs in primary schools;
    information sessions for 236 tracing
    volunteers/media personnel/students;
    2 refresher trainers’ courses for
    dissemination officers.

    ICRC support to the Liberian Red Cross


    in assisting people affected by conflict
    remained on course. Within the scope of a

    100
    rwanda
    The ICRC opened a delegation in Rwanda in
    UGANDA 1990. Its current activities focus on visiting the
    DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC
    of the CONGO tens of thousands of detainees held in central
    TANZANIA prisons. It also regularly visits people held in
    places of temporary detention such as police
    Byumba
    Ruhengeri stations and military facilities. It helps to reunite
    Goma
    Gisenyi R WA N D A children with the families from whom they
    KIGALI
    became separated during the exodus of 1994 or
    Kibuye
    the mass repatriations in 1996–97. The ICRC
    Kibungo
    works with the authorities to incorporate IHL
    Kamembe Gikongoro into domestic legislation and into school and
    Bukavu
    Cyangugu
    Butare
    university curricula. It also supports the devel-
    opment of the Rwandan Red Cross.

    BURUNDI

    50 km
    ICRC/AR.2005

    ICRC delegation ICRC sub-delegation ICRC office/presence

    EXPENDITURE (IN CHF ,000)


    Protection 3,373
    Assistance 8,960
    Prevention 888 CONTEXT
    Cooperation with National Societies 668
    General - Following a two-year process of institu- In the Declaration of Rome issued in March,
    tional and legislative reforms marking an the Democratic Liberation Forces of Rwanda
    13,890 end to the transition period, the authorities (FDLR), the armed opposition group based
    of which: Overheads 848 turned their attention to the reform of the in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
    IMPLEMENTATION RATE judicial system. Considerable challenges lay (DRC), denounced the genocide for the
    Expenditure/yearly budget 89.8% ahead with respect to bringing to justice first time and said it would disarm and
    people suspected of involvement in the 1994 return to Rwanda providing its forces were
    PERSONNEL
    28 expatriates
    genocide. Some 9,000 gacaca courts, based given guarantees of their reintegration into
    195 national staff (daily workers not included) on the concept of a traditional tribal coun- Rwandan society under international super-
    cil, were set up throughout the country and vision. The Rwandan government responded
    KEY POINTS started collecting information and hearing by reiterating its willingness to welcome the
    testimonies. More than 700,000 genocide ex-fighters home and to help them settle
    In 2005, the ICRC: suspects were expected to appear before back into society. The FDLR’s announce-
    following a gradual phase-out, ended food these courts in the next few years. ment, however, had not led to significant
    deliveries to prisons and handed over this
    disarmament and repatriation by the end
    responsibility to the government after
    11 years of providing the service; Gacaca courts in 118 jurisdictions began of the year.
    conducted health, hygiene and water projects work in March, and by the end of the year,
    in prisons and drew up a national plan for more than 4,000 people had been brought On the international scene, Rwanda decided
    the prevention of and response to HIV/AIDS before them. The trials did not lead to a rise to boost the size of its contingent taking
    infection in places of detention; in the prison population. Rather, following part in the African Union’s peace-keeping
    regularly visited detainees in all places of the release of around 23,000 inmates in July, mission in Darfur, Sudan.
    detention, paying particular attention to
    the total number of detainees had decreased.
    detainees’ diet, and conveyed its findings
    to prison authorities; Those released included detainees who had
    assisted the Ministry of Internal Security in confessed to taking part in the genocide but
    carrying out an assessment of the current were not ringleaders, those whose case files
    situation and needs of the National Prisons against them lacked sufficient evidence to
    Service; warrant a conviction and those who had
    completed water-distribution projects spent more time in detention than they
    benefiting more than 172,000 people in both
    rural and urban areas;
    would have served if convicted. Never-
    supported the integration of IHL and of theless, approximately 70,000 inmates,
    international human rights standards and including around 11,000 ordinary crimi-
    humanitarian principles into army and nals, remained behind bars.
    police training respectively, and further
    developed its network of partners in civil
    society for the promotion of IHL.

    101
    AFRICA R WANDA

    MAIN FIGURES AND INDICATORS

    PEOPLE DEPRIVED OF THEIR FREEDOM (All categories/all statuses) CIVILIANS AND PEOPLE DEPRIVED OF THEIR FREEDOM
    Detainees visited 92,965 Economic security, water and habitat
    Detainees visited and monitored individually 722 Food Beneficiaries 64,160
    Number of visits carried out 244 Essential household items Beneficiaries 100,102
    Number of places of detention visited 103 Agricultural inputs and micro-economic initiatives Beneficiaries 2,352
    RESTORING FAMILY LINKS Water-supply schemes and sanitation systems
    Red Cross messages (RCMs) and reunifications (completed projects) Beneficiaries 172,479
    RCMs collected 5,837 Habitat structures Beneficiaries 19,885
    RCMs distributed 6,606 WOUNDED AND SICK
    People reunited with their families 53 Hospital supported Structure 1
    Tracing requests, including cases of missing persons
    People for whom a tracing request was newly registered 145
    Tracing requests closed positively (persons located) 47
    Tracing requests still being handled at 31 December 2005 93
    Unaccompanied minors (UAMs) and separated children (SCs),
    including unaccompanied demobilized child soldiers
    UAMs/SCs newly registered by the ICRC 102
    UAMs/SCs reunited with their families by the ICRC 53
    UAMs/SCs cases still being handled at 31 December 2005 699

    ICRC ACTION administration. Six major water projects, 47 people located at their families’
    two of them supplying central prisons as request
    Rwanda’s stability and the government’s well as the general population, were com- in cooperation with the National
    commitment to the country’s development pleted and handed over to the authorities Society, 50 unaccompanied/separated
    prompted the ICRC to continue to phase for management and maintenance. children and 52 demobilized child
    out its assistance programmes. Instead, more soldiers registered
    emphasis was placed on helping bolster the For planning and fundraising purposes, the 52 unaccompanied/separated children
    capacities of local institutions. Rwandan Red Cross organized two part- and 1 demobilized child soldier reunited
    nership meetings attended by other National with their families
    All micro-projects for widows’ associations Societies, the International Federation, the 699 cases of children separated from
    drew to a close during the first quarter of ICRC and prospective donors. their families under investigation at
    2005. An assessment of their impact showed the end of 2005
    that the ICRC’s input had helped benefici-
    ary associations keep their projects going. CIVILIANS Improving access to water
    for residents
    In light of the authorities’ willingness to Restoring family links The ICRC continued to repair or build
    take responsibility for supplying food to The ICRC, in cooperation with the Rwandan water systems in partnership with the gov-
    prisons and the inclusion of the additional Red Cross, offered the RCM service to ernment, water boards and local commu-
    expense in the 2006 State budget, the ICRC people separated from their families. It nities to ensure an adequate supply of
    stopped providing rations to the last three also continued to provide tracing and clean water for the population. It completed
    prisons it was still thus assisting. Over the RCM services in Mutobo camp for fighters the Kinyinya-Remera project to harness
    three previous years, the delegation had demobilized and repatriated to Rwanda by seven springs and construct six outlet pipes
    gradually reduced the supply of food, with the United Nations Mission in the DRC. and a gravity-fed water system in the
    the State meeting 85% of the prison popu- Nsinda-Nyarukombe region and handed
    lation’s nutritional needs in 2005. The ICRC In addition, the ICRC worked with the them over to the national water board or
    systematically monitored the nutritional National Society to reunite children with the Electrogaz electricity company.
    status of the detainees and carried out much- their relatives. To check on how such chil-
    needed health, water and hygiene projects dren were faring, the ICRC conducted a Also completed were the Gikongoro-
    in prisons. Delegates conducted regular survey of recently reunited families. Despite Karaba project which involved the develop-
    visits to detainees held in police stations and the difficulties arising from the increas- ment of 11 springs, and the Kabarondo
    military-run places of detention. ingly long time spent apart and the eco- pump system. In Nyanza, the ICRC reha-
    nomic problems at home, the overwhelming bilitated 31 springs and built 19 reservoirs
    The ICRC delegation became increasingly majority of children and their families who and 6 outlet pipes.
    involved in the prison administration’s took part in the survey were satisfied with
    reform process. It completed a preliminary the reunification. The delegation supported the water boards
    assessment of the prison service and sub- and communities in the Mudasomwa dis-
    mitted the study to the Ministry of Internal 5,229 RCMs collected from and trict in the management of the area’s water
    Security. The authorities were to use the 5,987 RCMs delivered to civilians network, thereby increasing the output of
    report to find ways of reinforcing the prison 28 sources. It trained local officials in the

    102
    ICRC ANNUAL REPORT 2005

    management of water installations. Similar 608 RCMs collected from and had supplied the necessary materials for
    support was given in the Gihogwe, Karaba, 619 distributed to detainees that purpose.
    Nsinda-Nyarukombe and Nyanza districts. 229 minors in prisons provided with
    school supplies access to clean water and sanitation
    water systems completed benefiting blocks for minors completed in improved for 88,879 detainees
    172,479 people 2 prisons 95,954 detainees provided with essential
    household items
    Assisting women and children Ensuring detainees’ access
    As part of the reorientation of its assistance to medical care Monitoring nutrition in prisons
    programmes, the ICRC discontinued micro- The ICRC continued to collect epidemio- As foreseen in the Emergency Appeals 2005,
    projects aiding 24 women’s associations. It logical data in prisons, to suggest proce- the ICRC discontinued its supply of food to
    continued to visit the groups to gauge the dures to enable staff to respond quickly to prisons at the end of the year, following a
    effectiveness of the support and provided outbreaks of disease, and to recommend gradual phase-out over three years. Early
    technical back-up and seeds, tools and goats. the hospitalization of sick detainees. The in 2005, it handed over responsibility for
    delegation supplied 50% of the medicines supplying food to inmates in five prisons
    24 ICRC-supported agricultural needed, down from 70% the previous year. to the authorities. Throughout the year,
    micro-projects launched in 2004–05 however, it continued to supply 15% of the
    assessed; 110 of 550 micro-projects HIV/AIDS-prevention projects in the food needs of Rwanda’s prison population,
    supported by the ICRC between 1996 prisons took hold more rapidly than fore- making its final delivery in December. The
    and 2003 surveyed and 80% found seen. The ICRC’s training and awareness authorities provided sufficient food to make
    to be still in existence projects in five central prisons, jointly up the difference. The ICRC measured the
    4,148 unaccompanied children supplied organized with the Society for Women body mass index of detainees in all 16 cen-
    with 130 tonnes of food and 2 tonnes and AIDS in Africa, were completed in tral prisons and informed the authorities of
    of soap 2005. Other NGOs that had followed the the results, pointing out where improve-
    school fees paid for 1,002 orphans ICRC’s lead and begun working in five ments could still be made.
    other central prisons also finished their
    schemes. The ICRC took an active role in The ICRC also provided three central pris-
    PEOPLE DEPRIVED drawing up a national plan for HIV/AIDS ons with technical support, seeds, tools and
    OF THEIR FREEDOM prevention and response in Rwanda’s fertilizers to help them develop agricultural
    prisons. The plan was to be finalized at production.
    Protecting detainees the beginning of 2006.
    The ICRC continued to monitor the treat- 60,012 detainees in central prisons
    ment of detainees and their living condi- Access to clean water for detainees supplied with 2,690 tonnes of food
    tions, nutritional status, health, access to The supply of clean water to central prisons 1,350 detainees worked in ICRC-
    medical care and length of time awaiting remained problematic, and the amount was supported prison farms
    trial. It made a number of representations often largely below the recommended min-
    to the authorities regarding the conditions imum of 15 litres per person per day. The
    it found in prisons and places of temporary ICRC therefore continued to support water- WOUNDED AND SICK
    detention under the authority of the police supply projects contributing to an increase
    and the army. The ICRC offered the RCM of available water to 12 litres per person a There was no influx of war-wounded during
    service to newly imprisoned detainees. day, up from 7 litres in 2004. the year and accordingly there was no assis-
    tance in this sphere besides ad hoc support
    The delegation completed a report on the Adequate hygiene and sanitation to Butare hospital.
    prison service and submitted it to the for detainees
    authorities. The report was intended for use The ICRC improved sanitation in two large
    by Rwandan officials when considering prisons, where it also worked with the author- AUTHORITIES
    prison reforms. ities to install biogas systems (the produc-
    tion of energy through gas produced by The ICRC intensified its networking with
    In order to improve detention conditions waste matter). The kitchens in several pris- the various State bodies concerned with the
    for minors, the ICRC cooperated with the ons were either upgraded or repaired, and enforcement of IHL, namely the Ministry
    authorities to build separate blocks for inmates’ living conditions were further of Defence, the Ministry of Justice and
    detainees under 18 years of age. The delega- enhanced by a number of small-scale ren- specialized parliamentary commissions.
    tion also provided minors with textbooks ovation projects. Members of parliament took into account
    and stationery for schooling organized in the delegation’s proposals in the drafting
    prisons. In order to promote hygiene conditions in of a law on prison reform. The legal depart-
    prisons, the ICRC supplied detainees with ment of the Ministry of Defence also
    92,965 people visited including chlorine and soap and sanitary towels for requested the ICRC’s advice in the drafting
    382 newly registered and 722 monitored women. of a proposed law on the implementation
    individually (in accordance with the of the Ottawa Convention.
    prevailing situation, the ICRC ended Pest-control campaigns were undertaken
    its 10-year long practice of monitoring in six prisons. Throughout the year, how-
    every detainee suspected of participating ever, the ICRC checked that cleaning and
    in the genocide) during 244 visits to hygiene programmes were regularly carried
    103 places of detention out in the prisons and that the authorities

    103
    AFRICA R WANDA

    ARMED FORCES AND OTHER information, training opportunities and RCM distribution given technical
    BEARERS OF WEAPONS reference material. support by ICRC field officers;
    321 volunteers given RCM training,
    Promoting IHL in army training Promoting Exploring Humanitarian bringing the network’s coverage up to
    The ICRC continued to work with the Law in secondary schools 70% of the country
    Rwandan Defence Force (RDF) to integrate The ICRC continued to support prepara-
    IHL into military doctrine, training and tions to include the Exploring Humanitarian
    operations. A high point of this activity in Law programme in the new six-year civic-
    2005 was the ICRC/RDF cooperation on education curriculum for secondary-
    the organization of the first ever IHL com- school pupils. Implementation was behind
    petition for East African military. schedule and would not begin until a
    teacher-training manual and timetable in
    21 participants from 6 countries both French and English were completed
    attended the joint ICRC/RDF regional and distributed.
    IHL competition
    2 army officers sponsored to attend Promoting IHL in universities
    a two-week IHL course in San Remo In order to complement training in IHL,
    40 non-commissioned officers attended the ICRC sponsored two lecturers from
    a one-week IHL instructors’ course private universities to attend pan-African
    supported by the ICRC IHL courses in Yaoundé (Cameroon) and
    85 officers and 1,960 troops briefed on Pretoria (South Africa). It also held a
    IHL and on the humanitarian situation in round-table discussion, attended by five
    Darfur ahead of a peace-keeping mission IHL lecturers and four assistant lecturers
    from three universities, on the teaching of
    Promoting human rights IHL and the ICRC’s study on customary
    standards/humanitarian principles international humanitarian law.
    in police training
    The ICRC supported the national police The ICRC regularly provided documenta-
    force in its efforts to include human rights tion and advice to students writing their
    law in police training. theses on IHL-related topics. It also main-
    tained contacts with lecturers from other
    24 police officers attended a two-week faculties with a link to IHL, such as political
    awareness session on IHL science and journalism.
    72 police officers and 275 local defence
    forces attended 3 information sessions 3 students from the National University
    on ICRC detention visits and respect of Rwanda sponsored to participate
    for detainees in the regional moot-court competition
    in Arusha, Tanzania (see Nairobi)

    CIVIL SOCIETY
    RED CROSS AND
    Promoting the ICRC’s image RED CRESCENT MOVEMENT
    The ICRC pursued efforts to increase
    awareness among journalists of its mandate Early in 2005, the ICRC and the Rwandan
    and IHL. During the year, the delegation Red Cross signed three cooperation agree-
    invited the media to attend events high- ments concerning the development and
    lighting the ICRC’s activities, such as the strengthening of the National Society’s
    launch of a new radio programme broad- capacities in the fields of dissemination
    casting the names of children separated and communication, tracing and disaster
    from their families, the inauguration of preparedness.
    drinking-water systems, and the IHL com-
    petition for the military. 5 training workshops on IHL
    dissemination skills held, attended
    The delegation’s briefings and press releases by 70 National Society volunteers
    prompted media coverage on various issues, the capacities of 4 provincial emergency
    including general IHL topics, but also the teams reinforced
    humanitarian situation in Darfur and the courses in first-aid and basic
    ICRC’s study on customary international management of refugee camps held
    humanitarian law. for 80 National Society volunteers
    National Society’s emergency stocks
    The ICRC strengthened contacts and assisted topped up
    national associations, commissions and tracing activities in Byumba and
    NGOs that include IHL dissemination in Gikongoro assessed and shortcomings
    their mission, by providing them with corrected

    104
    sierra leone
    Since the end of the war in 2002, the ICRC has readjusted
    GUINEA
    its operations in Sierra Leone. Its protection priorities
    remain ensuring the welfare of Sierra Leonean and
    BOMBALI
    DISTRICT Liberian children separated from their families and
    KOINADUGU
    CT
    ST
    RI DISTRICT monitoring the conditions of detention of internees/
    DI
    M
    BI
    A NORTHERN PROVINCE
    detainees. The ICRC provides the authorities with sub-
    KA
    Port Loko
    Makeni stantial technical support in promoting respect for
    Lunghi Lunsar Magburaka
    PORT LOKO Koidu
    IHL and its integration into national legislation. The
    FREETOWN TONKOLILI DISTRICT

    Waterloo
    DISTRICT
    KONO DISTRICT organization has maintained a continuous presence
    SI ERR A L EO N E EASTERN
    MOYAMBA
    BO
    DISTRICT
    PROVINCE
    Kailahun
    in Sierra Leone since 1991.
    DISTRICT
    Bo Segbwema
    SOUTHERN Daru
    ATLANTI C PROVINCE
    OC EAN Kenema KAILAHUN
    KENEMA DISTRICT
    BONTHE
    DISTRICT
    DISTRICT LIBERIA
    Pujehun
    Zimmi
    PUJEHUN DISTRICT
    Province boundary
    District boundary

    40 km
    ICRC/AR.2005

    ICRC delegation ICRC sub-delegation

    EXPENDITURE (IN CHF ,000)


    Protection 3,483
    Assistance 1,239
    Prevention 679 CONTEXT
    Cooperation with National Societies 1,325
    General 14 The rebuilding of State institutions and the vocal. Even so, apart from banditry, there
    tackling of poverty made slow progress. were no serious security problems, most
    6,740 Efforts to decentralize and devolve power to weapons having been collected.
    of which: Overheads 411 enhance State accountability and bring
    IMPLEMENTATION RATE government closer to the people achieved The UN Mission in Sierra Leone (UNAMSIL)
    Expenditure/yearly budget 97.9% few tangible results. At the same time, the left at the end of 2005, to be replaced by an
    government showed little commitment to integrated UN mission focused on build-
    PERSONNEL
    14 expatriates
    fighting endemic corruption. The interna- ing the capacity of State institutions and on
    130 national staff (daily workers not included) tional donor community, meanwhile, tired promoting good governance. UNAMSIL’s
    of the slow pace in meeting conditions for departure left the fledgling national secu-
    KEY POINTS its continued support, as evidenced by its rity apparatus single-handedly responsible
    reluctance during a donor conference in for safeguarding national security.
    In 2005, the ICRC: November to go beyond existing funding
    reunited 90 children with their families in commitments for the government’s poverty- Most Sierra Leonean refugees returned
    Sierra Leone, transferred 53 to Liberia for
    reduction strategy. home, but many remained in urban centres
    family reunification, monitored 181 children
    following family reunification and launched in the hope of finding employment and for
    a sub-regional tracing poster campaign; Nonetheless, the shift towards poverty lack of public infrastructure and basic serv-
    with the National Society, collected reduction took hold, leaving Sierra Leone ices in rural areas. Those who returned to
    7,068 RCMs and delivered 6,780; caught between the end of emergency their places of origin received little support
    helped the Sierra Leonean and Liberian funding and the arrival of development aid. to rebuild their lives. Floods in the south-
    authorities repatriate 387 Liberian Most relief agencies had departed or east destroyed or damaged over 1,000 houses
    ex-fighters interned in Sierra Leone;
    reduced their activities, leading to a decline and public infrastructure.
    made 29 visits to 16 detention facilities,
    including that of the Special Court for in humanitarian assistance to residents and
    Sierra Leone; refugees. In the absence of government pro- All counties in Liberia were declared safe for
    gave briefings on IHL for 6 brigades, grammes and reforms, the work of major return, but although assistance to Liberian
    200 recruits and officers due to take part in development agencies had little impact, refugees in the eight camps in south-eastern
    peace-support operations and worked with notably at community level. The population’s Sierra Leone dwindled, the number of refu-
    government officials to advance the basic needs, including for health services, gees repatriated fell far short of expectations.
    implementation of IHL; organized sports
    events and IHL workshops for 540 youths
    safe drinking water and sanitation facilities,
    and ex-combatants and a first moot-court remained unmet. Sierra Leone ranked sec- The crisis over Yenga, an area in eastern
    competition for students; ond last in the UN’s Human Development Sierra Leone occupied by the Guinean
    helped the National Society establish Index, attracted little foreign investment armed forces, continued to defy efforts to
    branches in the Kailahun and Pujehun and struggled to recover economically. find a solution. Sierra Leone and Guinea
    districts and open a new centre for the consented to a border demarcation, but the
    rehabilitation of children affected by conflict.
    Preparations for presidential elections in agreed withdrawal of Guinean forces did
    2007 gathered steam, splitting the ruling not materialize. ICRC monitoring indi-
    party over the choice of a presidential can- cated that this political issue had minimal
    didate. Disgruntled by various issues, stu- implications in humanitarian terms.
    dents and trade unions became increasingly

    105
    AFRICA SIERRA LEONE

    MAIN FIGURES AND INDICATORS

    PEOPLE DEPRIVED OF THEIR FREEDOM (All categories/all statuses) CIVILIANS


    Detainees visited 2,482 Water and habitat
    Detainees visited and monitored individually 497 Water-supply schemes and sanitation systems
    Number of visits carried out 29 (completed projects) Beneficiaries 39,300
    Number of places of detention visited 16 Habitat structures Beneficiaries 400
    RESTORING FAMILY LINKS
    Red Cross messages (RCMs) and reunifications
    RCMs collected 7,068
    RCMs distributed 6,780
    People reunited with their families 90
    Tracing requests, including cases of missing persons
    People for whom a tracing request was newly registered 173
    Tracing requests closed positively (persons located) 97
    Tracing requests still being handled at 31 December 2005 320
    Unaccompanied minors (UAMs) and separated children (SCs),
    including unaccompanied demobilized child soldiers
    UAMs/SCs newly registered by the ICRC 141
    UAMs/SCs reunited with their families by the ICRC 90
    UAMs/SCs cases still being handled at 31 December 2005 308
    DOCUMENTS ISSUED
    People to whom travel documents were issued 52
    People to whom a detention attestation was issued 6

    ICRC ACTION incorporation of IHL principles into the CIVILIANS


    armed forces’ training, doctrine and oper-
    The repatriation of Liberian ex-fighters, ations. The organization was regularly Tracing and reuniting members
    interned in Sierra Leone since their surrender invited to participate in IHL-related events of dispersed families
    in 2002–03, marked the end of a unique organized by State and other actors. More than three years since the end of the
    and successful experience for West Africa in conflict in Sierra Leone, few refugees
    how the practical application of IHL can Through advocacy and intensified tracing remained abroad. They included some 400
    help stabilize the sub-region. Working closely efforts, the ICRC carried on addressing the vulnerable adults and children in camps
    with the authorities in both countries, the needs of Sierra Leonean children separated and communities in neighbouring Guinea,
    ICRC played a significant role as a technical from their parents and still in Guinea. With most of whom had lost contact with their
    adviser throughout the process by monitor- the separation from their families growing families during the conflict. In Sierra Leone
    ing the internees’ living conditions and pro- longer, support from NGOs waning, and itself, a number of people whose families
    viding material support to the internment tracing of the families of some children as were scattered by the conflict still did not
    facilities, interviewing the internees to yet unsuccessful, pressure mounted to find know the whereabouts of their loved ones.
    ensure that their return was voluntary and alternative, permanent solutions. The ICRC
    overseeing the actual repatriation. worked with other actors to resolve some of Although the prolonged separation of Sierra
    the difficult and longstanding cases, while Leonean families had complicated tracing
    In preparation for its contribution to the persisting in its tracing efforts. activities, the ICRC and the National
    justice sector reform being undertaken by Society made considerable progress in
    the government with the support of the UK The last of the ICRC’s direct assistance pro- restoring family links. Although priority
    Department For International Develop- grammes in Sierra Leone involved construct- was given to locating the families of Sierra
    ment (DFID), the ICRC began an in-depth ing shelters for households headed by women Leonean children still in Guinea, tracing
    assessment of the penal system. It continued and building wells and latrines in selected requests for or from Sierra Leoneans over-
    regular visits to detention facilities and kept communities, chiefly in areas bordering seas increased steadily. To expedite the pro-
    up its dialogue with the authorities. The Liberia which had borne the brunt of the cessing of complicated tracing cases, the
    ICRC also carried on monitoring condi- conflict but seen little rehabilitation later. delegation coordinated its activities with
    tions in the detention facility of the Special other ICRC delegations in the region, used
    Court for Sierra Leone. The ICRC pursued its cooperation with its posters, photo-tracing and radio campaigns
    partners in the Movement to strengthen the and recruited additional staff. It also con-
    Particular efforts were made to create an National Society’s programme-management tinued to register and trace children sepa-
    environment and conditions conducive to capacity. rated from their families within Sierra
    the national implementation of IHL treaties Leone and, where possible, to reunite them.
    ratified by Sierra Leone. To this end, the
    ICRC supported the establishment of a Once reunited with their families, the chil-
    national IHL committee, enhanced national dren received material assistance and funds
    expertise in IHL in academia, government for the purchase of school uniforms,
    and the armed forces and promoted the regardless of whether they had lived in

    106
    ICRC ANNUAL REPORT 2005

    Guinea or Sierra Leone during the period became increasingly clear. Red Cross staff kits to ease the girls’ and underage mothers’
    of separation. The ICRC notified the and volunteers continued to receive train- economic hardship and improve their health.
    Ministry of Social Welfare, Gender and ing in processing tracing requests. The pro- The ICRC also screened UNHCR convoys
    Children’s Affairs and child-protection duction of the new tracing training manual, repatriating refugees to Liberia to identify
    agencies ahead of family reunifications to developed in cooperation with the British children separated from their families so
    facilitate the follow-up of the children. Red Cross, neared completion. Tracing staff that they could be followed up in Liberia.
    received training on how to use the manual.
    Coordination with other organizations Helping residents of remote, conflict-
    involved in child welfare Restoring family links weary regions rebuild their lives
    The ICRC began implementing the recom- 6,396 RCMs between vulnerable As the country struggled with its economic
    mendations of a 2004 external evaluation of people/children and their families recovery, indigent members of remote
    the family reunification programme. The collected and 6,377 delivered communities in areas most ravaged by the
    ICRC and Save the Children agreed on 126 unaccompanied/separated children conflict barely had the means for survival.
    measures and worked together to help rein- and 48 demobilized children reunited Reconstruction of even the most basic
    tegrate children, including those formerly with their families, of whom 61 and structure was beyond the reach of most
    associated with fighting forces, into their 29 respectively, by the ICRC individuals and often of the community.
    families, for instance through greater com- 86 unaccompanied/separated children
    munity involvement in monitoring the registered; 247 cases still being An ICRC programme mobilized some of
    children. In its tracing activities, the ICRC processed by the end of 2005 the poorest communities in south-eastern
    liaised with several agencies at the district 55 Sierra Leonean children who had Sierra Leone, provided households headed
    and national levels. It continued supporting been abducted by or associated with by women with basic housing, built and
    UNICEF in coordinating the overall fighting forces registered; 61 cases still repaired wells and constructed communal
    approach to assisting children reunited with being processed by the end of 2005 latrines. It also made safe drinking water
    their families in Sierra Leone. It reached follow-up visits made to 181 children and sanitation facilities accessible to the
    agreements with the International Rescue reunited with their families in communities and discussed hygiene issues
    Committee in Guinea on sharing data to Sierra Leone with them.
    optimize tracing efforts for Sierra Leonean 173 new persons sought by their families
    children still in Guinea, and with the registered (96 women and 86 minors at The programme, which benefited 39,300
    Christian Children’s Fund in Sierra Leone the time of disappearance); 46 located people, revived some traditional commu-
    on information sharing and the coordina- and 320 (174 women and 144 minors at nity support structures. Indeed, the com-
    tion of activities. Improved collaboration the time of disappearance) still being munities supplied all the labour, whilst the
    with the two organizations resulted in an processed by the end of 2005 ICRC provided the expertise and locally
    increase in the number of children re- unavailable materials, including cement,
    establishing contact with their families. Support to Liberian refugees hand pumps, nails, corrugated iron sheets,
    By the end of 2005, over 40,000 Liberian doors and windows. The ICRC also pro-
    The ICRC continued referring to other refugees remained in camps in Sierra Leone. vided on-the-job training and basic tools to
    organizations children who encountered Although assistance to the refugees was carpentry apprentices and pump techni-
    problems after reunification with their dwindling, the minimal services available to cians selected from the communities.
    families. Having switched from emergency them in Sierra Leone were far better than
    to development activities, however, most those awaiting them in Liberia. The security Communities in Pujehun, Kailahun and
    organizations extended little support, situation in the camps had improved, and Kenema, together with the ICRC:
    sometimes leaving the ICRC to intervene the armed forces and the local population
    single-handedly. no longer posed a threat to the refugees. constructed 400 houses for households
    Even so, the dire economic situation made headed by women;
    As one of the lead agencies for child protec- very young girls and boys without strong constructed/rehabilitated 30 wells and
    tion in Sierra Leone, the ICRC signed a family ties amongst the refugee population provided all communities with pump
    memorandum of understanding in Novem- vulnerable to abuse. Discussions were ini- maintenance and repair equipment;
    ber with the government, UNHCR and tiated with the Ministry of Social Welfare, constructed 175 latrines of the
    UNICEF and its implementing partners Gender and Children’s Affairs, UNHCR, 300 initially planned (the programme
    regulating the repatriation of children sep- Caritas and the Christian Children’s Fund was halted for lack of interest/community
    arated from their families and wishing to to resolve the remaining cases of Liberian involvement).
    return to Sierra Leone. The agreement sought children without family contact.
    to establish satisfactory care arrangements
    and durable solutions in Sierra Leone. The departure of NGOs from refugee camps
    and the reduction of assistance, including
    Cooperation with the National Society in food rations for Liberian refugees, had
    tracing activities involved the joint launch ramifications for children separated from
    of a sub-regional tracing poster campaign their families. Particularly at risk were those
    displaying 371 photos of children from the formerly associated with fighting forces,
    sub-region, joint handling of tracing case- girls and underage mothers. Accordingly,
    loads and the sharing of ICRC expertise the ICRC stepped up its presence in the
    and assistance in delivering services in camps to monitor protection issues, work-
    remote areas. The need to expand the trac- ing closely with UNHCR in Kenema. The
    ing network and capacities in such areas ICRC provided hygiene items and baby-care

    107
    AFRICA SIERRA LEONE

    PEOPLE DEPRIVED ICRC visits to detainees/internees participation in a UNAMSIL human


    OF THEIR FREEDOM over 2,000 detainees visited, including rights seminar for police commanders/
    those detained in connection with RSLAF/Office for National Security.
    Safeguarding the welfare conflict, during 29 visits made to
    of internees 16 detention facilities, including that of The ICRC established contact with police
    The Mapeh and Mafanta camps, set up by the Special Court for Sierra Leone and representatives to forge closer collaboration
    the Sierra Leonean government between the Mapeh and Mafanta camps; on IHL/human rights training in 2006.
    2002 and 2003, held 387 Liberian ex-fighters. 497 detainees/internees monitored
    The ICRC continued to monitor the treat- individually
    ment and living conditions of the internees 672 RCMs collected from and CIVIL SOCIETY
    and participated in the government’s 403 delivered to detainees
    biweekly internment task force to share its ad hoc medical and material assistance Familiarizing the public with IHL
    findings and make recommendations. It also provided to detainees and the Red Cross
    attended as an observer discussions between The media accurately covered ICRC activities
    the governments of Sierra Leone and Liberia and helped promote IHL by publishing
    on the repatriation of the internees. The AUTHORITIES numerous ICRC press releases. ICRC
    ICRC provided legal support and advice to efforts involving the media included:
    the two countries in drawing up a memo- Promoting IHL and the work
    randum of understanding that led to the of the Movement a joint ICRC/National Society radio
    internees’ release and repatriation in 2005. The cabinet approved an Antipersonnel discussion programme broadcast on
    Mines Act and submitted it to parliament, 6 radio stations;
    Prior to the repatriation, the ICRC spoke while the Foreign Ministry drafted an act regular appearances as a guest in topical
    regularly to the 387 internees in private to on the creation of an IHL committee. The talk shows on Radio UNAMSIL;
    ensure respect for the applicable provisions ICRC: a press briefing organized for journalists
    of IHL, inter alia, those governing the from Kenema district to highlight
    principle of non-refoulement. In April, the organized 2 workshops on IHL and its present and past ICRC activities, later
    ICRC monitored their repatriation and implementation for 72 key national/ broadcast locally.
    handover to the Liberian authorities. district officials;
    UNHCR notified the ICRC of the presence conducted a session for members of Supported by the National Society, the
    in refugee camps of 166 relatives of parliament on IHL/Red Cross activities; ICRC organized three first-aid training and
    internees, to help coordinate repatriation to with the National Society, organized IHL sessions for 180 ex-combatants in
    Liberia and preserve family unity. IHL sessions for 204 local officials. three districts. It also organized 4 work-
    shops on the Fundamental Principles for
    Safeguarding the welfare 540 youths/former combatants.
    of detainees ARMED FORCES AND OTHER
    The penal system fared no better than other BEARERS OF WEAPONS Acquainting young people with IHL
    State institutions following years of conflict. and humanitarian principles
    The prison authorities struggled to main- Enhancing awareness of IHL The ICRC organized the first ever moot-
    tain basic standards for the prison popula- among the armed and police forces court competition for students in Sierra
    tion. The problem was compounded by an The ICRC provided the Republic of Sierra Leone. The event, held at the Special Court
    overstretched judiciary, with detainees on Leone Armed Forces (RSLAF) with techni- for Sierra Leone, raised unprecedented
    remand and awaiting trial filling up the cal advice in the production of an instruc- public interest in IHL. The ICRC enabled
    13 district prisons and the central prison. tor’s manual to speed up the training of the winning team to participate in the pan-
    The authorities launched a five-year pro- IHL instructors. In addition, the ICRC: African moot-court competition in Arusha,
    gramme, funded by DFID, to reform the Tanzania. The ICRC:
    justice sector, including the prison system. gave a lecture on IHL for 20 RSLAF
    officers preparing to undertake selected lecturers to create a network of
    The ICRC reinforced the programme by peace-support operations; IHL experts and maintained contact
    going beyond its usual monitoring of supported 2 officers previously spon- with the key academic staff of
    detention conditions to support the penal sored to attend an IHL course in San 5 institutions; initiated efforts to
    administration. The results of a compre- Remo in organizing IHL lectures at the provide universities with a module
    hensive assessment of the penal system military academy; for teaching IHL;
    begun in 2005 were to be the basis for an gave briefings on its activities/IHL for organized 2 sessions on the ICRC/IHL
    ICRC/government action plan to improve 8 RSLAF battalions/brigades and over for over 400 college students.
    the country’s prison system in 2006. 200 soldiers/recruits.
    Following discussions with the Education
    An agreement was reached with the Interior The ICRC continued to familiarize UNAMSIL Ministry, the ICRC decided that the time
    Ministry to allow information-sharing contingents with its mandate and activities, was not yet ripe for the implementation of
    between the ICRC and DFID to support the including through: the Exploring Humanitarian Law pro-
    overall programme of reforms in the justice gramme in the school curriculum.
    sector. 4 briefings on the UN Secretary-
    General’s Bulletin on observance by
    UN forces of IHL;

    108
    ICRC ANNUAL REPORT 2005

    RED CROSS AND The ICRC supported the National Society The ICRC continued to fund the National
    RED CRESCENT MOVEMENT in promoting IHL and the Fundamental Society’s community-based programmes to
    Principles, inter alia, by: help people traumatized by war reintegrate
    Building the National Society’s into society. Thus the ICRC:
    capacity to fulfil its statutory role facilitating the launch in Freetown of
    Financial and management problems forced the ICRC-funded book, History of the funded vocational training/basic
    the National Society to suspend some of its Sierra Leone Red Cross, 1991–2002, on education for 600 children in 4 Child
    activities, reducing its productivity. Sup- World Red Cross and Red Crescent Day Advocacy and Rehabilitation Centres;
    ported by the International Federation and on 8 May; enabled the National Society to
    the ICRC, it began serious efforts to restruc- maintaining support to the National recruit/train staff for the new centre;
    ture and streamline its internal procedures. Society’s national radio programme, supported 100 amputees through
    The ICRC also supported the National “Red Cross na Salone,” and taking part vocational training/livestock projects;
    Society in consolidating its RCM services in joint radio discussion programmes constructed 5 wells/latrines in
    countrywide. on the Fundamental Principles, the communities.
    Movement and the emblem;
    In 2005, the ICRC: providing funding/technical support for
    staff/volunteer training;
    helped the National Society supporting the National Society’s IHL
    recruit/train 39 communication/tracing promotion activities in schools/
    volunteers; communities;
    organized workshops for all communi- organizing 2 regional workshops for
    cation/tracing volunteers to introduce 39 communication/tracing volunteers;
    them to materials developed jointly by organizing a workshop on the
    the National Society, the ICRC and the Movement for Red Cross district
    British Red Cross; chairmen in Kenema;
    supported the National Society-run supporting the National Society’s
    Kenema transit centre for children participation in the setting up of a
    heading for family reunification; national IHL committee.
    organized a national youth camp
    for Red Cross volunteers in Pujehun
    district.

    109
    somalia
    GULF of ADEN
    The ICRC has maintained a presence in Somalia
    DJIBOUTI
    Bossaso
    since 1982, basing its delegation in Nairobi since
    Berbera BARI
    1994. It focuses on providing emergency aid to
    SANAAG
    WEST GALBEED
    TOGHDER
    people directly affected by armed conflict and
    Hargeisa SOOL
    Las Anod Garowe runs an extensive first-aid, medical and basic
    NUGAL
    health-care programme to treat the wounded
    SOMALIA
    ETHIOPIA
    Galkayo
    and sick in all parts of the country. It also carries
    MUDUG out small-scale water, agricultural and cash-for-
    GALGUDUD
    Belet Huen
    work projects with a medium-term outlook,
    BAKOOL HIRAN
    INDIAN OCEAN designed to restore or improve the livelihoods of
    GEDO Baidoa
    MIDDLE communities weakened by crises. It works closely
    SHABELE
    Bardera BAY
    LOWER
    with and supports the development of the Somali
    KENYA MIDDLE JUBA SHABELE
    MOGADISHU Red Crescent Society.
    Liboi LOWER Jilib
    JUBA
    Jamame
    Kismayo
    200 km
    ICRC/AR.2005

    (ICRC delegation in Nairobi) SRCS/ICRC hospital

    EXPENDITURE (IN CHF ,000)


    Protection 328
    Assistance 22,595
    Prevention 553 CONTEXT
    Cooperation with National Societies 1,059
    General 7 The 14th Somali peace process, begun in Somalis also continued to face a host of
    Kenya in October 2002, faced major chal- other obstacles to their daily survival as a
    24,542 lenges in setting up the country’s first direct result of the cumulative effects of
    of which: Overheads 1,456 functioning government since 1991. 14 years of armed conflict and lawlessness.
    IMPLEMENTATION RATE Poverty was endemic, and poverty-driven
    Expenditure/yearly budget 104.5% The Somali transitional federal government, crime, especially looting and hold-ups,
    formed in October 2004, officially relocated increased. Existing infrastructure was dilap-
    PERSONNEL
    16 expatriates
    to Somalia from Nairobi in June 2005 but idated, and basic services such as clean
    31 national staff (daily workers not included) had yet to establish a countrywide admin- water and health care were poor to non-
    istration by the end of the year. existent in the countryside. Around 80% of
    KEY POINTS the population depended for their liveli-
    Tensions were high and the security situa- hood on agriculture and livestock breed-
    In 2005, the ICRC: tion in Somalia remained volatile through- ing. Farmers and herders were hit during
    supported 2 surgical referral hospitals that out 2005. In central and southern regions, 2005 by a prolonged drought in pockets of
    admitted more than 4,000 inpatients, 5 first-
    there were several localized armed con- southern and central Somalia. In addition,
    aid posts that treated nearly 6,000 casualties
    and 19 Somali Red Crescent health-care posts frontations between factions over the con- flash floods along the two main rivers wiped
    that performed over 117,600 consultations; trol of key areas and towns and frequent out harvests and displaced communities.
    delivered essential household items to more clan clashes, mainly over water and pas- By the end of the year, there were serious
    than 350,000 people displaced by armed ture. Hundreds of civilians were killed or concerns that the country would face severe
    violence and/or natural disaster, seeds and wounded in the crossfire and thousands of food shortages in 2006.
    tools to some 120,000 IDPs and construction families driven from their homes.
    materials to over 70,000 to help them
    rebuild their homes;
    completed agricultural projects to help over
    315,000 vulnerable residents boost their
    food production and income and improved
    access to water for 250,000 people and
    their livestock;
    provided the Somali Red Crescent with
    substantial support to assist victims of
    conflict and natural disaster and reinforced
    the coordination of activities of Movement
    partners working in Somalia;
    together with the Somali Red Crescent,
    helped thousands of uprooted Somalis
    worldwide to re-establish and maintain
    contact with their relatives through the
    tracing and RCM services, including via
    the Missing Persons radio programme and
    the ICRC’s family-links website;
    initiated IHL presentations for Somali
    institutes of higher learning.

    110
    ICRC ANNUAL REPORT 2005

    MAIN FIGURES AND INDICATORS

    RESTORING FAMILY LINKS CIVILIANS


    Red Cross messages (RCMs) and reunifications Economic security, water and habitat
    RCMs collected 5,478 Essential household items Beneficiaries 350,801
    RCMs distributed 11,621 Agricultural inputs and micro-economic initiatives Beneficiaries 506,004
    Tracing requests, including cases of missing persons Water-supply schemes and sanitation systems
    People for whom a tracing request was newly registered 797 (completed projects) Beneficiaries 250,000
    Tracing requests closed positively (persons located) 101 Health
    Tracing requests still being handled at 31 December 2005 906 Health centres supported Structures 19
    DOCUMENTS ISSUED Consultations Patients 117,662
    People to whom travel documents were issued 102 WOUNDED AND SICK
    Hospitals supported Structures 2
    Admissions Patients 4,295
    Operations Operations performed 4,482

    ICRC ACTION Given the political uncertainty and volatile CIVILIANS


    security situation, ICRC efforts to spread
    The ICRC remained a key provider of knowledge of IHL were limited mainly to Providing emergency aid
    emergency aid for victims of conflict and influential sectors of civil society, with the More beneficiaries than planned received
    natural disaster in central and southern focus on the media and academic circles. ICRC relief goods in 2005 because of the
    Somalia. In 2005, the delegation stretched its rise in the number and intensity of armed
    operational capacities to the limit, deliver- The ICRC continued to provide the Somali clashes, combined with flash floods in May
    ing relief goods to more than 350,000 people. Red Crescent with a substantial level of and pockets of drought. Central and south-
    The number and intensity of armed clashes financial, material and technical support to ern Somalia were worst affected. Displaced
    during 2005 also led to a substantial num- help victims of conflict and natural disas- families relied primarily on their clan affil-
    ber of war-wounded patients being treated ter. The National Society’s knowledge of iations for support, but the host commu-
    at ICRC-supported facilities (2 referral local conditions and assistance in carrying nities often had few resources to spare.
    hospitals in Mogadishu, plus 5 first-aid posts out medical, relief and protection pro-
    and 19 health-care posts located in clash- grammes helped the ICRC work effectively The ICRC provided around 38,200 of the
    prone regions). and safely in Somalia. As lead agency of worst-off families uprooted by armed vio-
    the Movement in Somalia, the ICRC also lence with, as needed, tarpaulins for shelter,
    Because the delegation had to scale up its convened regular meetings to coordinate blankets, clothing, kitchenware and jerry-
    emergency operations, it was forced to the activities of Movement partners work- cans. Households with access to arable
    adjust its overall priorities. This meant that ing in Somalia and, within its capacity, land received seeds and farm implements.
    it carried out slightly fewer than planned offered them support in the fields of logis- Families able to return to their villages
    short- and medium-term projects (285 in tics and security. To further maximize the were given materials and tools to rebuild
    total) designed to help farmers and nomads impact of humanitarian activities, the ICRC their homes.
    preserve their threatened livelihoods. retained its observer status on the Nairobi-
    Two-thirds of these projects involved the based Somalia Aid Coordination Body, com- When the Juba and Shebele rivers flooded
    construction or rehabilitation of drinking- prising donors, UN agencies and NGOs. in the May rainy season, the delegation also
    water points and irrigation systems that delivered tarpaulins, blankets and seeds
    would boost crop production and protect Despite the volatile security situation in to some 20,100 families who had had to
    farmland from floods. Just under one-third Somalia throughout 2005, the ICRC man- abandon their homes. Those able to return
    of the projects were cash-for-work, whereby aged to increase its field presence and had received construction materials.
    poorer community members were paid for consistent access to most of the country.
    their labour on a local project, thus tem- This was in large part because of the orga- In January, the ICRC completed a one-off
    porarily increasing their purchasing power. nization’s adapted operational set-up, in distribution of food, begun in December
    To improve project implementation and place since 1994, with the Somalia dele- 2004, to around 10,000 drought-stricken
    sustainability, the ICRC became more gation operating from Nairobi. Expatriate pastoralist households in Puntland, Mudug
    involved in building the capacities of personnel were responsible for overall and Galgudud to tide them over until the
    Somali contractors and consultants. strategy and management and made fre- harvest reached the markets in April.
    quent but short field trips to Somalia. ICRC evaluations showed that the severe
    Thousands of Somalis uprooted by conflict ICRC Somali staff oversaw security, logis- malnutrition rate among the children of
    or economic necessity were able to restore tics and programme implementation within the beneficiaries had dropped from 30% in
    or maintain contact with close relatives the country. October 2004 to less than 5% by the end of
    through the tracing and RCM network. The May 2005. This food-aid operation had
    network included the ICRC-supported been included in the ICRC’s 2004 budget
    Missing Persons radio programme, broad- and beneficiary figures.
    cast by the BBC Somali Service, and the
    family-links section of the ICRC website. 350,801 IDPs received essential
    household items

    111
    AFRICA SOMALIA

    119,820 IDPs received seeds and tools pumps to increase the amount of irrigated The ICRC supported a total of 19 Somali
    70,980 IDPs returning home received land under cultivation. Red Crescent health-care posts that offered
    construction materials free first aid and curative care to a com-
    To help out farmers whose crops had bined population of around 200,000 resi-
    Boosting food security been hit by drought or floods, the ICRC dents and IDPs. The posts were located in
    After 14 years without a functioning gov- delivered staple crop seeds to around conflict-affected areas not covered by the
    ernment in Somalia, poverty was endemic 16,200 riverside families (97,200 people). private sector or other organizations. The
    for a host of reasons, including chronic Each household received enough seed ICRC provided the posts with supplies,
    security problems, crumbling public infra- (10–15 kg) to cultivate about one hectare, including dressing materials to be used
    structure, no public services – with the which would cover 30–50% of their annual mainly to treat the war-wounded, assisted
    poor unable to afford the private alterna- cereal consumption. In addition, some in staff training and on-the-job supervi-
    tives – limited labour opportunities, few 10,200 households (61,200 people) received sion and contributed to the running costs,
    export markets and the departure of skilled seeds to grow vegetables to vary their including salaries, of the majority of the
    Somalis to work abroad. A good rainy sea- diet or to sell for extra income. posts. UNICEF supported the mother-and-
    son at the end of 2004 ensured that most child-care activities in the posts. The two
    Somalis had enough food for the first half In a new initiative, the ICRC gave 10 wooden ICRC-supported health posts that closed
    of 2005. However, a prolonged drought in boats to 30 families (180 people) in Lower during 2004 because of security constraints
    some areas combined with flash floods in Shabele who earned an income from fish- could not be reopened during 2005 for the
    2005 raised concerns about serious food ing. Their boats had been swept away by same reason.
    shortages looming in 2006. the December 2004 tsunami that travelled
    across the Indian Ocean to the shores of 19 ICRC-supported health-care posts
    To mitigate the effects of armed violence East Africa. gave 117,662 consultations and dressed
    and natural disaster, the ICRC provided 20,716 wounds
    vulnerable communities in central and 315,024 people benefited from
    southern Somalia with the means to boost agricultural and micro-economic Combating cholera
    their food production and income. The del- projects Given its high population density and
    egation completed slightly fewer projects inadequate water and sanitation facilities,
    than planned because it had had to scale up Providing clean water Mogadishu had in the past suffered an aver-
    its emergency aid programme. In the absence of a functioning govern- age of two cholera outbreaks a year. To
    ment, most Somali communities lacked stem the spread of the disease, the ICRC,
    The ICRC carried out small-scale cash-for- the resources to maintain existing water together with WHO, UNICEF and NGOs,
    work projects in 89 food-insecure commu- points. The chronic lack of water affected chlorinated 326 wells in 2005 and trained
    nities. In total, 8,872 families (53,232 people) the health of people and livestock and trig- Somali Red Crescent personnel to moni-
    benefited from these projects, whereby gered clan clashes over water and pasture. tor suspect wells. It also provided four
    needy families received cash in return for The ICRC continued to build or repair Mogadishu radio stations with cholera-
    their labour rehabilitating rainwater catch- water points throughout central and south- prevention spots that were broadcast
    ments. This enabled the families to buy up ern Somalia and Puntland to ensure that regularly for one month. These initiatives
    to 60% more food for a two-month period farming and nomadic families and their contributed to the absence of a cholera
    and gave the communities a facility that livestock had access to clean water within outbreak in the capital during 2005. This
    aided long-term productivity. a reasonable distance. Where boreholes meant that the five ICRC-supported Somali
    were drilled, the communities contributed Red Crescent centres that dispensed oral
    In Lower Shabele, the ICRC built 48 sluice by supplying the pump. To ensure that the rehydration salts did not have to reopen
    gates along the Shebele River. This allowed water points were sustainable, the ICRC during the year.
    around 5,760 families (34,560 people) with trained 24 Somali commercial contractors
    small farms to regulate the irrigation of and consultants in the maintenance and Restoring family links
    their crops and protect their 4,860 hectares repair of boreholes. Thousands of Somalis uprooted by the
    of farmland from flash floods during instability in their country continued to
    the rainy season. Before the start of the 48 wells, 11 boreholes and 11 rainwater locate and exchange news with their rel-
    rainy seasons in April and September, catchments built or repaired, and atives at home and abroad through the
    the delegation also distributed a total of 8,000 bags of cement delivered to tracing and RCM network, run by the ICRC
    370,000 empty sand bags to 150 riverside repair berkad (traditional sub-surface and the Somali Red Crescent. Somalis
    communities (16,010 households or reservoirs) worldwide could also have the names of
    96,060 people) in Gedo, Hiran, Middle and 250,000 people benefited from water relatives sought read out on the ICRC-
    Lower Juba and Middle and Lower Shabele projects supported Missing Persons radio pro-
    to use as protection against floods. gramme, a 15-minute show broadcast
    Providing health care six times a week on the BBC’s shortwave
    In Hiran and Middle and Lower Juba, the In the absence of a public health service, Somali Service. In addition, they could click
    ICRC modernized farming techniques by primary health care was provided by the pri- on www.familylinks.icrc.org and read the
    providing three fixed and two mobile irri- vate sector, the Somali Red Crescent, inter- names of people sought through the radio
    gation pumps to 600 families (3,600 people) national organizations and NGOs, with programme over the last six months or
    who were practising rain-fed agriculture on varying levels of community support. tracing requests registered by the Somali
    small farms, while 40 riverside communi- Red Crescent.
    ties (3,120 people) received smaller mobile

    112
    ICRC ANNUAL REPORT 2005

    Somali refugees surveyed in Kenya said First aid for the war-wounded 85 students attended IHL workshops
    that they were generally satisfied with the In the countryside, the war-wounded often at Mogadishu University, Puntland State
    tracing and RCM services, but cited two suffered unnecessary complications or died University and East Africa University
    problems – the slow delivery of messages because there was no hospital nearby or they (Puntland)
    and a lack of return messages from some could not afford treatment. 20 local journalists attended an IHL
    areas of Somalia. The ICRC, Kenyan Red presentation
    Cross and Somali Red Crescent were work- The ICRC continued to support four foreign correspondents in Nairobi
    ing together to address these issues. regional first-aid posts and helped set up a regularly briefed on IHL and ICRC
    new post in December 2005. The posts activities in Somalia
    11,621 RCMs delivered in Somalia were located inside existing medical facili- to mark World Red Cross and Red
    and 5,478 collected ties situated in clash-prone areas (Baidoa Crescent Day, a play, attended by
    101 people located at the request Hospital in Bay region, Brawa Hospital in 400 people, staged in Mogadishu by
    of their relatives Lower Shabele, the new post in Ceel Dhere the ICRC and Somali Red Crescent
    906 requests to trace relatives, including Hospital in Galgudud and the Somali Red on the history of IHL, the Movement
    463 children, pending Crescent health posts of Dusamareb in and the emblem
    6,654 names of people sought broadcast Galgudud and Jilib in Middle Juba). Staff IHL programmes broadcast on 5 local
    by the BBC and 3,623 registered on received the training and supplies to admin- radio stations to complement World
    the ICRC’s website ister first aid and stabilize serious trauma Red Cross and Red Crescent Day events
    102 travel documents issued to Somali patients for referral to hospitals. held throughout Somalia
    refugees accepted by third countries
    for resettlement 5,991 trauma patients treated at
    5 ICRC-supported first-aid posts RED CROSS AND
    RED CRESCENT MOVEMENT
    WOUNDED AND SICK
    ARMED FORCES AND OTHER With ICRC support since 1982, the Somali
    Supporting hospitals BEARERS OF WEAPONS Red Crescent Society was the only Somali
    With the collapse of the State health service, institution present and active countrywide.
    the few remaining hospitals in Somalia UNDP held a two-month training pro- It was the ICRC’s main partner in the med-
    struggled to cope with the constant flow of gramme in Uganda on the establishment ical field, the distribution of relief goods,
    war-wounded and other trauma patients. of a future national Somali police force, tracing and the delivery and collection of
    Most international aid was directed towards attended by 65 former Somali army gen- RCMs and the promotion of IHL and the
    primary health care, leaving the ICRC as erals and police officers selected by the Fundamental Principles. The ICRC covered
    one of only a handful of organizations sup- Somali transitional federal government. the salaries and expenses of core National
    porting medical and surgical treatment. As part of the programme, the ICRC in Society staff and the running costs of the
    Uganda gave a presentation on IHL, using Nairobi office, 2 field coordination offices and
    The ICRC continued to support Keysaney Somali-language teaching aids provided all 19 branches. It also organized training
    Hospital in Mogadishu North, run by the by the ICRC’s Somalia delegation. for National Society personnel and provided
    Somali Red Crescent, and the community- materials, equipment and logistic back-up.
    run Medina Hospital in Mogadishu South. In Somaliland and Puntland, the ICRC
    These were the main referral hospitals for continued discussions with the authorities In 2004, the Somali Red Crescent revived
    war-wounded patients throughout central on setting up IHL training programmes for and expanded its executive committee, a
    and southern Somalia. The ICRC provided their respective security forces. positive step in preserving the National
    the hospitals with staff salaries, medical sup- Society’s unity and defining national goals
    plies, equipment, training and on-the-job and strategies. The committee, with ICRC
    supervision. The hospitals covered about CIVIL SOCIETY support, met in June and November 2005.
    15% of their running costs through commu-
    nity support, which was gradually increasing, The ICRC continued to approach influen- Emergency aid
    and a cost-sharing scheme was introduced tial sectors of Somali civil society to raise Somali Red Crescent volunteers adminis-
    by the ICRC. In 2005, the ICRC initiated a public awareness of IHL, drawing paral- tered first aid and met other essential needs
    physiotherapy training programme, and in lels with biri-ma-geydada (spared from the of Somalis affected by the tsunami in late
    December a physiotherapy unit serving spear), the traditional Somali code of con- December 2004. On behalf of the National
    both hospitals opened in Medina Hospital, duct governing warfare. Spreading knowl- Society, the ICRC attended the East Africa
    which improved the management of trauma edge of IHL also broadened public support regional and local meetings held to coordi-
    cases. The organization also trained and for the ICRC’s related mandate and activi- nate the tsunami response and recovery
    supervised staff on building and genera- ties, thus helping to ensure that ICRC dele- programmes.
    tor maintenance, according to standard gates had safe access to victims of conflict.
    ICRC guidelines. Tracing and IHL promotion
    teachers and administrators of During 2005, the 19 Somali Red Crescent
    2 surgical hospitals supported 10 Mogadishu secondary schools branches gave presentations on IHL and
    4,295 inpatients treated, including trained to teach IHL to pupils, using the Fundamental Principles to just over
    1,599 war-wounded, 4,482 operations specially designed ICRC textbooks 24,000 people, with the focus on elders
    performed and 9,612 outpatient and manuals and religious leaders, the business commu-
    consultations given at ICRC-supported nity, security personnel, women’s and youth
    hospitals groups and teachers and students.

    113
    AFRICA SOMALIA

    To support the National Society’s dissemi- Movement coordination


    nation and tracing programmes in 2005, The Movement partners active in Somalia
    the ICRC: – the Somali Red Crescent, the ICRC, the
    International Federation and the German
    helped organize 3 regional workshops and Norwegian Red Cross Societies – met
    on tracing, the “Safer Access” approach regularly to coordinate their activities
    and dissemination for volunteers and and support for the National Society.
    relevant staff from 11 branches; In November, the American Red Cross
    made joint field trips with the National announced its intention to support
    Society to 5 branches to coach and Movement programmes in Somalia and
    supervise their personnel; joined the meetings. Within its capacity,
    assisted in producing and distributing the ICRC also assisted the International
    3,000 newsletters and creating a Federation and partner National Societies
    brochure to publicize the tracing and with logistics and security issues.
    RCM network.

    114
    sudan
    LIBYA
    EGYPT In Sudan, the ICRC’s priority is to ensure that
    people directly affected by armed conflict are
    protected in accordance with IHL, receive emer-
    gency aid, medical care and basic assistance to

    LE
    RED SEA

    NI
    preserve their livelihoods, and can re-establish
    SU D AN
    CHAD family links. It supports the Sudanese Red
    WEST DARFUR ERITREA
    Abéché Kutum
    KHARTOUM Crescent Society and provides leadership for

    BL
    Seleia

    UE
    W
    El Fasher other Movement partners working in Sudan.
    HI
    Adré

    NIL
    TE
    Geneina Kabkabiyah El

    E
    Zalingei Nyala Obeid
    NILE Ed Damazin
    The ICRC opened an office in Khartoum in 1978.
    Gereida Kadugli
    Malakal
    In 1984, it initiated operations in the context of
    Bentiu ETHIOPIA
    SO
    BA the conflict between government forces and
    W H IT

    BAHR AL GHAZAL T ER
    CENTRAL R IV
    the Sudan People’s Liberation Movement/Army
    E

    AFRICAN
    Wau
    NI

    REPUBLIC Pochala and is now adapting its programmes to the


    LE

    Rumbek Yirol
    Kapoeta transition to peace. Since late 2003, it has been
    Yei Juba
    DEM. REP. Lokichokio responding to needs arising from the hostilities
    of the CONGO
    200 km UGANDA
    KENYA in Darfur.
    ICRC/AR.2005

    ICRC delegation ICRC sub-delegation ICRC mission ICRC office


    ICRC hospital ICRC-supported prosthetic/orthotic centre

    EXPENDITURE (IN CHF ,000)


    Protection 12,090
    Assistance 108,517
    Prevention 5,741 CONTEXT
    Cooperation with National Societies 3,395
    General 38 On 9 January 2005, the Sudanese govern- age-old ethnic tensions. Splinter groups
    ment and the Sudan People’s Liberation and numerous small but well-armed local
    129,781 Movement/Army (SPLM/A) signed a com- militias sprung up. Lawlessness was wide-
    of which: Overheads 7,619 prehensive peace agreement, ending 21 years spread. Violations of IHL affected the whole
    IMPLEMENTATION RATE of internal armed conflict. In line with the population. Villagers were afraid to venture
    Expenditure/yearly budget 99.6% accord, Sudan adopted a new interim consti- out to tend their fields, fetch water, go to
    tution, formed a national unity government market or seek medical care. Nomads’ tra-
    PERSONNEL
    190 expatriates
    and set up a separate SPLM/A administra- ditional migration routes were blocked and
    1,940 national staff (daily workers not included) tion in the south. Donors pledged some rustlers stole their livestock. The economy
    4.5 billion US dollars for reconstruction, was stifled. Food was in short supply. Close
    KEY POINTS while the UN deployed around 4,000 peace- to 2 million displaced people were living in
    keepers in southern Sudan. The region was urban areas, mainly in crowded camps, or
    In 2005, the ICRC: generally calm during 2005, but remained as refugees in eastern Chad, dependent on
    in Darfur: delivered food aid to an average of prone to tribal clashes. Equatoria was aid. As conditions worsened, rivalries
    150,000 people per month; distributed relief
    destabilized by the presence of the Lord’s intensified. After a series of security inci-
    goods to some 360,000 people; improved
    access to clean water for some 1.5 million Resistance Army, a Ugandan opposition dents, many aid agencies had to decrease
    people by rehabilitating rural water points and group, and tensions persisted in the transi- or abandon their activities.
    repairing and maintaining water-distribution tional border areas (Abyei, Blue Nile and
    networks in towns and IDP camps; provided Nuba mountain regions), where armed In eastern Sudan, there were sporadic clashes
    332,000 residents with seeds and tools; and groups had vied for control for years. between government forces and the opposi-
    vaccinated 500,000 livestock against disease; tion Eastern Front.
    set up a mobile surgical field team that
    After two decades of conflict, poverty was
    operated on some 360 war-wounded in Darfur,
    and supported 4 hospitals that admitted over widespread in southern Sudan and there
    24,000 patients and 8 limb-fitting facilities that was little infrastructure. Only a fraction of
    treated some 1,800 patients across Sudan; the estimated 4.5 million people displaced
    documented allegations of IHL violations by the conflict returned home in 2005.
    in Darfur, appealed to the authorities and
    armed groups to protect civilians and halt In Sudan’s western state of Darfur, the
    IHL abuses, and stepped up the promotion
    of IHL at grassroots level, reaching some
    security situation deteriorated, despite the
    10,700 weapon bearers, local authorities deployment of more than 6,000 African
    and community leaders; Union peace-keepers in the region and
    facilitated the release of nearly 500 detainees ongoing international pressure and media-
    held by the SPLM/A or parties to the Darfur tion to resolve the three-year-old conflict.
    conflict, and delivered over 31,000 RCMs sent Clashes pitting government troops and
    between family members separated by conflict;
    allied militias against the opposition Sudan
    restructured its operation in southern Sudan
    to adapt to the transition period; Liberation Movement/Army (SLM/A) and
    developed its partnership with and support the Justice and Equality Movement (JEM)
    for the Sudanese Red Crescent and 13 partner were sporadic and of a lower intensity than
    National Societies working in Sudan. in 2004. However, the conflict fuelled

    115
    AFRICA SUDAN

    MAIN FIGURES AND INDICATORS

    PEOPLE DEPRIVED OF THEIR FREEDOM (All categories/all statuses) CIVILIANS


    Detainees visited 269 Economic security, water and habitat
    Detainees visited and monitored individually 269 Food Beneficiaries 346,410
    Number of visits carried out 17 Essential household items Beneficiaries 410,013
    Number of places of detention visited 9 Agricultural inputs and micro-economic initiatives Beneficiaries 536,265
    RESTORING FAMILY LINKS Water-supply schemes and sanitation systems
    Red Cross messages (RCMs) and reunifications (completed projects) Beneficiaries 667,000
    RCMs collected 30,134 Health
    RCMs distributed 31,254 Health centres supported Structures 13
    People reunited with their families 6 Consultations Patients 161,709
    Tracing requests, including cases of missing persons Immunizations Activities 247,101
    People for whom a tracing request was newly registered 559 WOUNDED AND SICK
    Tracing requests closed positively (persons located) 425 Hospitals supported Structures 4
    Tracing requests still being handled at 31 December 2005 1,805 Admissions Patients 24,026
    Unaccompanied minors (UAMs) and separated children (SCs), Operations Operations performed 8,619
    including unaccompanied demobilized child soldiers Physical rehabilitation
    UAMs/SCs newly registered by the ICRC 146 Patients receiving services Patients 1,810
    UAMs/SCs reunited with their families by the ICRC 5 Prostheses delivered Pieces 1,197
    UAMs/SCs cases still being handled at 31 December 2005 338 Orthoses delivered Pieces 1,207
    DOCUMENTS ISSUED
    People to whom a detention attestation was issued 635

    ICRC ACTION The ICRC reinforced its efforts to ensure regions. To maximize the impact of aid, the
    that the rights of civilians in Darfur were ICRC also facilitated coordination within
    In 2005, Sudan was the ICRC’s largest oper- respected, in accordance with IHL, and that the Movement and coordinated its activi-
    ation for the second consecutive year. its own staff continued to have safe access ties with those of the UN and other agencies
    to conflict victims. Alleged violations of IHL working in the field.
    In Darfur, the delegation adapted its activi- were documented and taken up with the
    ties to the urgency and scale of needs, con- parties involved. Delegates also promoted
    stantly monitoring the situation from its IHL among government forces, other armed CIVILIANS
    base of four sub-delegations and four offices. groups and local leaders.
    It was able to work throughout the volatile Protecting civilians in Darfur
    region during most of the year. From At the national level, negotiations were The ICRC remained deeply concerned
    November, after a series of security inci- stepped up with the Sudanese government, about the lack of respect for IHL shown by
    dents involving ICRC, Red Cross and Red aimed at obtaining authorization to visit all parties to the conflict in Darfur. It made
    Crescent personnel, the ICRC restricted its all detainees in the country. frequent appeals to all sides to assume their
    movements in West Darfur. responsibilities to protect civilians, their
    Tracing and RCM services were expanded property and public infrastructure from
    As in 2004, the ICRC focused in Darfur on in Darfur and evaluated countrywide to attack and to ensure that people could move
    assisting residents in rural and remote areas better meet the needs of families uprooted freely. ICRC delegates documented alleged
    as a complement to the large international aid by conflict. violations of IHL, made confidential oral
    effort in urban IDP camps. The aim was to and written representations to the relevant
    help residents be self-sufficient, so that they In southern Sudan, the ICRC was adapting parties and monitored their response.
    would not be forced to move to urban centres its operation to the transition period. Juba
    for aid. A survey conducted in mid-October became the hub of the ICRC’s set-up and Delivering food and relief goods
    showed that, in all three Darfur regions, the integrated activities previously overseen By the end of 2005, some 2 million people
    majority of ICRC beneficiaries remained by the Lokichokio sub-delegation across were receiving international food aid in
    in their villages and were able to sustain their the border in Kenya. It was agreed that in Darfur.
    livelihoods. The delegation also provided June 2006 the ICRC would pull out of its
    assistance in IDP camps when needs could hospital and physical rehabilitation centre In coordination with WFP, the ICRC deliv-
    not be covered by other agencies. in Lokichokio, which treated patients evac- ered food rations (a total of 33,000 tonnes
    uated from southern Sudan. At the same in 2005) in rural Darfur to an average of
    To treat the war-wounded in Darfur, the ICRC time, the delegation took steps to ensure 150,000 people per month. Food distri-
    set up a highly successful mobile surgical that the same treatment would be available butions to residents started in April and
    field team that operated on scores of civil- in the south. finished in November, while IDP benefici-
    ians and fighters in remote areas. The delega- aries received rations throughout the year.
    tion continued to support rural health care, as The ICRC continued to provide the Many of the resident communities receiv-
    well as services for amputees, but scaled back Sudanese Red Crescent, its partner in the ing food aid were up to a six-hour drive from
    its assistance to hospitals in Darfur because field, with substantial support to help vul- the nearest town. Most of the IDP benefi-
    this sector was covered by other actors. nerable populations in conflict-affected ciaries lived in the towns of Gereida (South

    116
    ICRC ANNUAL REPORT 2005

    Darfur) and Seleia (West Darfur) or in In southern Sudan, some 5,000 conflict- The ICRC also took over routine immuniza-
    camps nearby. Because of the poor harvest affected families (around 30,000 people) tion programmes in Darfur in no-go areas
    in 2004, the ICRC decided in March to living south of Malakal near the Sobat river for the Health Ministry. For example, ICRC
    distribute 25% more food than planned received fishing gear to improve their diet teams vaccinated some 49,000 children
    during the remainder of 2005. Delegates and boost income. against measles in the opposition-held region
    regularly monitored economic security in of Jebel Marra in West Darfur.
    18 key locations in Darfur and adapted dis- 536,265 people, over 500,000 of them
    tributions accordingly. For example, thera- in Darfur, benefited from agriculture In southern Sudan, the organization com-
    peutic and supplementary feeding centres assistance and micro-economic projects pleted the handover of its primary-health-
    were set up for around 1,400 malnourished care programme, initiated in 1998. The
    children in Gereida IDP camp. Between June Providing clean water Norwegian, Swedish and Swiss Red Cross
    and mid-July, the ICRC airlifted, rather In Darfur, the ICRC ensured a supply of clean Societies took over the project in Yirol (four
    than trucked, food aid into Darfur from water in nine IDP camps (240,000 people); facilities), while the community assumed
    Khartoum because some main roads had during 2005 work in five of the camps was responsibility for the clinic in Chelkou.
    become dangerous or would be impassable handed over to NGOs.
    during the rainy season. 13 health-care facilities supported
    At the same time, ICRC engineers worked (catchment population: 320,000)
    As budgeted, some 360,000 people together with the water authorities through- 247,101 vaccinations, 150,245 curative
    (60,000 households) affected by conflict in out Darfur to build or repair and maintain consultations and 11,464 ante and
    Darfur received essential household sup- rural water points and urban networks post-natal consultations carried out by
    plies, from tarpaulins, clothing and shoes to serving some 1.3 million residents in ICRC-supported health-care facilities
    kitchenware, water containers and soap. government- and opposition-held regions.
    Improving access to clean water meant that Restoring family links
    Together with the Sudanese Red Crescent, communities faced significantly fewer health The ICRC, together with the Sudanese Red
    the ICRC also delivered household supplies risks and women could fetch water closer to Crescent, continued to deliver and collect
    to some 50,000 people in southern and east- home, thus limiting the risk of being attacked RCMs sent between Sudanese family mem-
    ern Sudan affected by clashes, long-term or harassed. bers separated by conflict. The tracing and
    instability or natural disasters. RCM network was expanded in Darfur to
    in Darfur, 7 town water networks 19 tracing posts. A priority was to put chil-
    in Darfur, 346,410 people renovated/repaired, 459 hand pumps, dren and parents back in contact through
    (286,410 residents and 60,000 IDPs) 67 wells and 53 water yards (water- RCMs and, if possible, reunite the families.
    provided with food selling points with mechanical pumps) In a new initiative, the ICRC ran a three-
    overall 410,013 people (211,413 residents built/repaired in rural areas and water month poster campaign in Darfur, Khartoum
    and 198,600 IDPs) provided with essential systems maintained in 9 IDP camps and Sudanese refugee camps in Chad and
    household items 1.3 million residents in Darfur Kenya, displaying photos of 220 child refugees
    (825,000 in rural areas and 480,000 in who were separated from their parents. The
    Preserving livelihoods urban areas) benefited from completed campaign boosted awareness of the network
    To complement food aid in Darfur, the ICRC (500,000 beneficiaries) or ongoing and brought in some information about par-
    delivered around 305,000 tonnes of staple- (805,000 beneficiaries) water projects ents sought, as well as new tracing enquiries.
    and cash-crop seeds and 92,700 farm tools 244,000 IDPs in camps in Darfur
    to some 66,250 families (332,450 people) benefited from completed 30,473 RCMs delivered and
    who had relatively secure access to farm- (167,000 beneficiaries) or ongoing 29,475 RCMs collected
    land. A survey in October showed that the (77,000 beneficiaries) water/sanitation 425 people located at their families’
    amount of land under cultivation in ICRC- projects request
    assisted areas had increased by 60 to 90% 6 people, including 5 children, reunited
    compared with 2004. However, the 2005 In southern Sudan, the ICRC maintained an with their families
    harvest would still not match pre-conflict emergency stock of supplies to restore access 1,805 requests to trace relatives,
    levels, mainly because of the deterioration to water for up to 15,000 people. In early 2005, including 959 children and 557 women,
    in the security situation, which prevented the delegation completed the construction pending
    people from harvesting their crops. of a water-treatment and -distribution sys- at 31 December 2005, 338 cases of
    tem for the teaching hospital (440 beds) in children separated from their parents
    Planned projects to boost livestock produc- Malakal, where IDPs had fled to during being handled
    tion were adapted to meet the most urgent fighting in 2004.
    needs. The ICRC vaccinated 500,000 cattle,
    goats and camels in rural North Darfur, Ensuring primary health care PEOPLE DEPRIVED
    using government-provided vaccines. The In Darfur, the ICRC rehabilitated and pro- OF THEIR FREEDOM
    animals had not been inoculated for three vided staff and medical supplies to eight
    years. Around 50,000 of the cattle treated primary-health-care facilities (a catchment The ICRC stepped up negotiations with the
    belonged to women who were struggling population of 120,000). Three of the clinics Sudanese authorities, renewing its request
    alone to support their families. In response were handed over to NGOs or the Health for official authorization to visit all detainees
    to local demand, the ICRC and the author- Ministry during 2005. The clinic in Gereida according to standard ICRC procedures.
    ities also organized basic veterinary training was run in partnership with the British and The government indicated that it would, in
    for 140 community animal-health workers Australian Red Cross Societies and the one in principle, be willing to sign such an agree-
    in all three Darfur regions. Seleia with the Canadian Red Cross Society. ment, which the ICRC then drew up and
    submitted to the authorities.

    117
    AFRICA SUDAN

    In line with the comprehensive peace agree- interest in taking over the hospital. The 3,969 patients admitted, including 47 war-
    ment, the ICRC played a neutral role in hospital’s last training programme for wounded, 796 operations performed
    facilitating the release and transfer to gov- Sudanese students started in June, with and 5,030 outpatient consultations
    ernment authorities of detainees held by 24 participants. Since the programme’s given at Kutum and Zalingei hospitals
    the SPLM/A in southern and eastern Sudan. launch in 1989, 360 Sudanese had gradu- while supported by the ICRC
    In addition, the majority of the detainees, ated and returned to work in Sudan as
    as well as some released by the SPLM/A prosthetic-orthotic technicians or assistants In November, the ICRC held a two-day
    without ICRC involvement, received ICRC to physiotherapists, nurses, anaesthetists seminar on war surgery in Khartoum for
    financial aid to return home. The organi- and laboratory technicians. some 200 Sudanese surgeons and doctors.
    zation continued to follow up any remain- The training was organized together with
    ing cases of SPLM/A-held detainees that it In southern Sudan, the ICRC continued to the Sudanese Health Ministry, Medical
    had registered during the 21-year conflict. provide the government-run Juba Teaching Association and Association of Orthopaedic
    Hospital (500 beds) with ICRC surgeons and Surgeons. The ICRC also gave first-aid
    The ICRC also facilitated the release and medical staff, as well as medicines, training courses in the field in Darfur to 460 civil-
    transfer home from Eritrea to eastern Sudan and salaries or incentives for local staff, ians and combatants.
    of three members of Sudan’s Red Sea state meals for patients and help with building
    parliament abducted by the opposition maintenance. The ICRC’s planned refur- Treating disabled people
    Eastern Front on 24 May. The Eastern Front bishment of Yirol hospital was cancelled, The ICRC continued to provide Sudan’s
    also signed a memorandum of understand- as the county was to receive international National Authority for Prosthetics and
    ing authorizing ICRC detention visits. donor aid. Orthotics (NAPO) with staff, funds, mate-
    rials, training and supervision for its
    In Darfur, the ICRC and the SLM/A signed at the ICRC’s Lokichokio Hospital, Khartoum physical rehabilitation centre
    an agreement in September authorizing 4,203 patients admitted (526 war- and five satellite workshops in Damazin,
    ICRC detention visits. An agreement had wounded, 1,390 surgical cases, Dongola, Kadugli, Kassala and Nyala. NAPO
    already been signed in December 2004 with 1,038 medical patients, 276 obstetric/ became increasingly self-sufficient and was
    the SLM/A and JEM that defined each party’s gynaecological cases and 973 paediatric in a position to pay for staff salaries and
    role and responsibilities in the release and patients), 3,270 operations performed materials in some workshops in 2006.
    transfer of detainees. and 1,332 outpatient consultations given
    at the ICRC-supported Juba Teaching To reinforce the Nyala workshop in Darfur,
    release and transfer of 468 SPLM/A-held Hospital, 15,854 patients admitted the ICRC, with German Red Cross funding,
    detainees, 21 SLM/A-held detainees (90 war-wounded, 2,527 surgical cases, built a 12-bed dormitory for patients, ensured
    and 4 detainees held by Darfur militias 3,189 medical patients, 2,921 obstetric/ transport, accommodation and fitting for
    facilitated gynaecological cases and 7,127 paediatric 170 patients and oversaw staff training and
    629 former SPLM/A detainees provided patients), 4,553 operations performed the production of mobility devices.
    with financial assistance to return home and 18,490 outpatient consultations given
    138 SPLM/A-held detainees visited The ICRC’s physical rehabilitation centre in
    and monitored individually in 4 places Darfur Lokichokio, Kenya, continued to evacuate
    of detention during 4 visits The ICRC began 2005 with surgical teams and treat some 90% of prosthetic/orthotic
    in Darfur, 131 SLM/A-held detainees working in Kutum and Zalingei district patients from southern Sudan. It was agreed
    (119 newly registered) visited and hospitals, two of five hospitals in Darfur that the ICRC would pull out of the centre
    monitored individually in 5 places of upgraded by the ICRC since 2004. However, in June 2006. To boost physical rehabilita-
    detention during 13 visits a low number of surgical admissions in tion services within southern Sudan, the
    140 allegations of arrest related rural Kutum and the assignment of Health ICRC provided funds and technical super-
    to the Darfur conflict registered and Ministry staff in Zalingei led to the ICRC’s vision to Juba workshop, run by the NGO,
    followed up withdrawal from Kutum hospital in March Nile Assistance for the Disabled. It also flew
    781 RCMs delivered to detainees and Zalingei in May. Both hospitals received a dozen patients from Wau and Malakal to
    and 659 RCMs collected a three-month stock of medical supplies. NAPO’s Khartoum centre.

    While hospitals in Darfur received substan- Training was key to the expansion of
    WOUNDED AND SICK tial international support, access to medical prosthetic/orthotic services in Sudan. With
    care was still a problem in rural and the ICRC providing either funds or teachers,
    Southern Sudan opposition-controlled areas. In April, the 12 Sudanese students started a three-year,
    The ICRC still ran its Kenya-based hospital ICRC established a mobile surgical field on-the-job prosthetic/orthotic diploma
    (500 beds) in Lokichokio, set up in 1986 team (a surgeon, anaesthetist and two course in Khartoum, three were enrolled at
    primarily to treat the war-wounded evacu- nurses) that could respond within hours to the Tanzania Training Centre for Orthopaedic
    ated from southern Sudan. For the third emergencies across Darfur. The team was Technologists and 19 NAPO staff were
    year, the hospital offered a programme to based in Nyala (South Darfur) and treated upgrading their skills.
    treat vesico-vaginal fistula, operating on civilians and combatants alike.
    37 Sudanese women. It was agreed that 8 ICRC-supported physical
    the ICRC would pull out of the hospital in 575 patients treated, including rehabilitation centres or workshops
    June 2006, while ensuring that equivalent 360 war-wounded operated on, some treated 1,810 patients, including
    services were available in southern Sudan. more than once, by the field surgical 1,030 amputees, and produced
    Meetings were held with Kenya’s Health team during 30 deployments 1,197 prostheses (130 for mine victims),
    Ministry and the African Medical and 1,207 orthoses, 2,934 crutches and
    Research Foundation to determine their 17 wheelchairs

    118
    ICRC ANNUAL REPORT 2005

    AUTHORITIES CIVIL SOCIETY donated four vehicles and relief items to


    key branches, as well as transport, fuel,
    The ICRC welcomed the government of The ICRC significantly increased its grass- drivers and first-aid materials to maintain
    Sudan’s announcement in 2005 that it roots dissemination of IHL, giving over 24-hour services during demonstrations
    intended to ratify the 1977 Additional 60 seminars, workshops and introductory following the death of SPLM/A leader
    Protocols. The organization worked closely presentations to local community leaders, John Garang. To boost skills, the ICRC and
    with Sudan’s inter-ministerial IHL commit- journalists and other influential civil soci- National Society worked together to train
    tee, providing technical and legal advice on ety groups in Darfur and the rest of Sudan. 240 National Society first-aid instructors,
    the integration of IHL into national legis- It also sponsored two high-profile Sudanese introduce the “Safer Access” approach to
    lation. It also sponsored committee mem- journalists to attend an ICRC seminar in 200 staff and volunteers and hold workshops
    bers and relevant government officials to Dubai on IHL and the media. for 80 personnel on the evaluation of eco-
    take part in IHL courses abroad. nomic security and project implementation.
    Through the Sudanese and international
    In the field, ICRC delegates held presenta- media, the ICRC consistently advocated Promoting IHL and the Fundamental
    tions and workshops on IHL for members of that parties to the conflict in Darfur assume Principles
    state and local governments countrywide. their responsibilities in preventing viola- The Sudanese Red Crescent held sessions to
    tions of IHL and providing a secure envi- raise awareness of IHL and the Fundamental
    ronment for civilians. It stressed that the Principles among its own personnel and
    ARMED FORCES AND OTHER climate of insecurity severely restricted the the general public, targeting secondary-
    BEARERS OF WEAPONS movement of civilians, which in turn stifled school students. To support this programme,
    the economy, creating food shortages and the lCRC contributed funds to cover the
    The ICRC stepped up IHL training for all a growing dependency on aid. salaries of 12 Sudanese Red Crescent dis-
    armed groups in Darfur and had frequent semination staff and to produce promotional
    contact with both the African Union The ICRC continued to help Sudanese uni- materials, and helped stage events to mark
    Mission in Sudan (AMIS) and the UN versities adapt their curricula to incorpo- World Red Cross and Red Crescent Day.
    Mission in Sudan. The organization also rate IHL. It supplied teaching materials
    initiated IHL training for the Joint Integrated and publications and gave 15 lectures on Movement coordination
    Units. As defined in the comprehensive IHL to university law students. The ICRC met regularly with the
    peace agreement, the units made up a uni- International Federation and Sudanese Red
    fied force of around 40,000 Sudanese army Crescent to discuss the development of the
    and SPLM/A troops. Another encouraging RED CROSS AND National Society. The ICRC highlighted the
    development was the signing in March of RED CRESCENT MOVEMENT need for the National Society to obtain an
    an agreement with the Sudanese police and agreement with the Sudanese government
    national security forces on the integration The Sudanese Red Crescent Society, with its to work in all areas of southern Sudan.
    of IHL and human rights standards into 21 branches, worked with the ICRC, part-
    their training programmes. ner National Societies and UN agencies The ICRC continued to support partner
    and NGOs to meet the needs of vulnerable National Societies working in Sudan.
    The ICRC: populations, especially in Darfur. The ICRC Movement partners active in Darfur met
    continued to provide a variety of support weekly to share information and coordinate
    held 7 IHL seminars for some 200 SLA to help the National Society build up its their activities, and the ICRC assisted them,
    and JEM commanders and gave skills and activities, focusing on branches in as needed, with logistics, security manage-
    introductory talks in the field to armed volatile regions. ment and communication.
    groups in Darfur;
    organized 6 IHL programmes for Restoring family links
    Sudanese armed forces instructors and The ICRC supported the National Society
    legal advisers and sponsored the deputy in establishing a countrywide tracing and
    chief of staff to take part in an IHL RCM network, focusing on locating children
    seminar abroad; separated from their parents during conflict
    conducted a one-day IHL training and putting the families back in touch
    session for 34 commanders of the through RCMs. The ICRC:
    Khartoum brigade of the Joint
    Integrated Units; contributed financially to cover the
    trained AMIS personnel as IHL salaries of 25 National Society tracing
    instructors and gave presentations personnel and incentives for some
    to peace-keepers; 100 volunteers;
    gave IHL talks during induction courses helped organize 9 tracing workshops
    for UN military observers; for more than 180 volunteers;
    conducted an IHL seminar for Eastern donated 4 motorcycles to Darfur
    Front members; branches.
    held 7 seminars on IHL and human
    rights standards for 150 senior police Reinforcing emergency response
    and national security officers and The ICRC funded the running costs of
    gave introductory talks to local police 10 key Sudanese Red Crescent branches
    countrywide. and nine units that provided emergency
    aid and assistance to conflict victims. It also

    119
    uganda
    50 km SUDAN The ICRC has been active in Uganda since 1979.
    The organization suspended the activities of its
    Moyo
    Koboko Kitgum
    sub-delegations following the killing of six ICRC
    Adjumani
    Arua staff members in April 2001 in neighbouring
    Gulu Pader
    Nebbi
    Democratic Republic of the Congo. It maintained
    U GA N D A
    DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC a reduced expatriate presence in Kampala,
    Lira
    of the CONGO concentrating on support to the Uganda Red
    RT

    Apac
    BE

    Masindi Soroti
    AL

    Cross Society.
    KE
    LA

    Mbale
    Bundibugyo
    Fort Portal KAMPALA
    KENYA Since early 2004, in response to increasing needs
    Kasese Entebbe in northern and eastern Uganda, the ICRC has
    gradually resumed field activities, focusing on
    D
    W E
    ED LAK
    AR

    Mbarara protecting and assisting victims of internal armed


    LAKE VICTORIA
    conflict and visiting people detained for security
    Kisoro
    reasons. It continues to request that the author-
    TANZANIA TANZANIA
    ities shed further light on the killings of its staff.
    RWANDA ICRC/AR.2005

    ICRC delegation ICRC sub-delegation

    EXPENDITURE (IN CHF ,000)


    Protection 1,531
    Assistance 13,583
    Prevention 1,063 CONTEXT
    Cooperation with National Societies 1,998
    General - A fragile peace process launched in late 2004 On the domestic political scene, the country
    stalled early in 2005, leading to a resump- geared up for legislative and presidential
    18,175 tion of military operations against the Lord’s elections due to take place in February 2006.
    of which: Overheads 1,109 Resistance Army (LRA) in the north and President Yoweri Museveni, who was run-
    IMPLEMENTATION RATE prolonging a conflict that had begun nearly ning for a third term in office after 20 years
    Expenditure/yearly budget 88.3% 20 years before. The LRA suffered a number in power, drew criticism for allegedly inter-
    of setbacks, including the conclusion of a fering with the democratic process follow-
    PERSONNEL
    21 expatriates
    comprehensive peace agreement in Sudan, ing the arrest of his main rival Kizza Besigye
    143 national staff (daily workers not included) effectively isolating the group in southern in early November. Besigye, who had recently
    Sudan. Defections of its members under an returned to Uganda from self-imposed exile
    KEY POINTS amnesty law and armed clashes with the in South Africa, was detained for more than
    Uganda People’s Defence Force (UPDF) also a month on charges of treason and rape.
    In 2005, the ICRC: took their toll on the LRA, which split into Following the controversy over Besigye’s
    distributed essential household items to smaller groups and branched out into the arrest, a number of donor countries reduced
    nearly 410,000 IDPs, provided seeds, tools
    West Nile Bank in southern Sudan and into their financial contributions by a total of
    and micro-economic projects to around
    541,200 IDPs, supplied around 248,700 IDPs the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). 70 million US dollars.
    with clean water and supported 7 health
    centres, which treated nearly 54,600 people; Diarrhoea, respiratory diseases, malaria and
    strove to protect vulnerable groups in more skin infections were rife in the IDP camps,
    than 75 camps housing IDPs and worked and outbreaks of cholera and dysentery
    without armed escort to gain access to every were a constant threat. The UN estimated
    such camp in the northern Acholi region;
    that approximately 1.5 million people had
    coordinated its operations in conflict areas
    with those of the Uganda Red Cross Society fled their homes as a result of the conflict
    and other humanitarian actors; and were unlikely to return before peace
    visited 242 detainees in 46 places of detention was restored.
    and, when necessary, made representations
    to the authorities to improve inmates’ living The LRA’s apparent decision towards the
    conditions; end of the year to target humanitarian
    delivered 5,195 RCMs to and collected
    9,614 RCMs from civilians and detainees;
    workers in southern Sudan and northern
    signed memoranda of understanding with Uganda was a major cause of concern for
    Uganda’s army and police forces with a view humanitarian agencies. Five humanitarian
    to incorporating IHL and human rights law workers and one tour operator were killed
    into their training and operations. in attacks, which took place shortly after the
    International Criminal Court’s decision to
    issue warrants for the arrest of LRA leaders.
    This development was especially worrying
    for humanitarian organizations such as the
    ICRC that operated without armed escorts.

    120
    ICRC ANNUAL REPORT 2005

    MAIN FIGURES AND INDICATORS

    PEOPLE DEPRIVED OF THEIR FREEDOM (All categories/all statuses) CIVILIANS


    Detainees visited 242 Economic security, water and habitat
    Detainees visited and monitored individually 242 Essential household items Beneficiaries 409,857
    Number of visits carried out 159 Agricultural inputs and micro-economic initiatives Beneficiaries 541,184
    Number of places of detention visited 46 Water-supply schemes and sanitation systems
    RESTORING FAMILY LINKS (completed projects) Beneficiaries 248,710
    Red Cross messages (RCMs) and reunifications Health
    RCMs collected 9,614 Health centres supported Structures 7
    RCMs distributed 5,195 Consultations Patients 53,552
    People reunited with their families 2 Immunizations Activities 35,644
    Tracing requests, including cases of missing persons WOUNDED AND SICK
    People for whom a tracing request was newly registered 25 Hospitals supported Structures 6
    Tracing requests closed positively (persons located) 12 Admissions Patients 103,921
    Tracing requests still being handled at 31 December 2005 20 Operations Operations performed 12,111
    Unaccompanied minors (UAMs) and separated children (SCs),
    including unaccompanied demobilized child soldiers
    UAMs/SCs newly registered by the ICRC 6
    UAMs/SCs reunited with their families by the ICRC 2
    UAMs/SCs cases still being handled at 31 December 2005 17
    DOCUMENTS ISSUED
    People to whom travel documents were issued 10
    People to whom a detention attestation was issued 31

    ICRC ACTION One of the main tasks facing the ICRC bottom of the killings of six of its staff mem-
    was to foster efficient coordination between bers in the DRC’s Ituri province in 2001.
    In view of the faltering peace process and an increasing number of organizations
    the continuation of hostilities, the ICRC working in similar fields. It regularly took
    maintained its assistance and protection part in meetings of the UN’s Inter-Agency CIVILIANS
    activities for IDPs in northern Uganda. It Standing Committee and other coordina-
    established itself as a leading humanitarian tion forums. In addition, the ICRC and Improving access to water and
    actor in Gulu, Kitgum and Pader, the three the Uganda Red Cross Society continued sanitation facilities for IDPs
    districts in northern Uganda most affected by to liaise on the division of labour in the Insufficient clean water was available for
    the conflict and where humanitarian needs north and the east of the country, based on drinking, hygiene and food preparation in
    were greatest. The organization concen- their respective mandates. In 2004, the IDP camps in northern Uganda, and this,
    trated on assisting IDPs in camps far from government approved an official policy added to inadequate sanitation facilities,
    district capitals, aiming to improve their towards IDPs, which was launched offi- continued to pose a health threat. The vol-
    living conditions by providing safe water, cially in February 2005. The guidelines gave ume of water available in some camps in
    sanitation facilities, farming tools, essential the National Society a special role as an Kitgum and Pader districts could be as little
    household items and health care. auxiliary to the government in efforts to as 5 litres per person, per day. The ICRC
    assist IDPs. team’s efforts to increase the supply by
    The scope of ICRC operations had to be rehabilitating existing water points, drilling
    reviewed following the attacks allegedly The ICRC had access to almost all places of new boreholes and improving sanitation
    carried out by the LRA on humanitarian detention and re-established and strength- facilities were hampered by a number of
    workers late in 2005. To protect its staff, ened its working relationship with the constraints, in particular the worsening
    the delegation limited its field movements authorities. security situation.
    to areas deemed safe around its Gulu and
    Kitgum sub-delegations. The sub-delegation The delegation also built up a close working In order to improve hygiene in the camps,
    in Pader, however, had to suspend all but relationship with the armed and police the ICRC offered technical support and
    life-saving operations. The restrictions were forces in order to foster increased respect materials to help the community build
    partially lifted at the end of 2005. The ICRC for IHL and human rights law. To strengthen latrines. It also worked with the Uganda
    could not secure direct and regular contact training in IHL, the ICRC signed two mem- Red Cross Society to include hygiene and
    with the LRA, in spite of intensifying its oranda of understanding, one with the maintenance of water and sanitation instal-
    efforts following the killings. The safety of UPDF and the other with the Uganda lations in its activities to raise awareness
    its workers in the field thus depended on Police Force, whereby the forces would help of health issues in communities.
    information collected before venturing into organize and finance IHL courses.
    the field as well as on former LRA fighters’ 248,710 people benefited from
    perception of the Movement’s activities. ICRC President Jakob Kellenberger visited water/sanitation projects
    The lack of sustained contact with the Kampala and met President Museveni in
    LRA remained a major obstacle to ensuring June. He took the opportunity to reiterate
    staff security. the ICRC’s determination to get to the

    121
    AFRICA UGANDA

    Improving the living conditions to ensure that around 300,000 IDPs in more ICRC liaised with other agencies dealing
    of IDPs than 15 camps had access to essential health with abduction cases. It provided children
    IDPs living in crowded camps numbered care. It increased its support for a national who were to return home with reintegration
    approximately 1.5 million, according to the immunization campaign, which included kits to help the family cope with an addi-
    UN. They were unable to cultivate most of polio and measles vaccination drives, tional member of the household.
    their land and thus relied on humanitarian deworming programmes, vitamin A distri-
    assistance to survive. IDPs supported by bution and malaria-control projects. The The ICRC continued to provide the Uganda
    the ICRC received kits of essential house- delegation monitored the quality of proj- Red Cross Society with technical and finan-
    hold items including jerrycans, cooking ects by systematically analysing data collected cial support in running the RCM service.
    equipment, soap and blankets. It also pro- from health facilities and communities.
    vided emergency assistance to IDP house- 3,933 RCMs delivered to and
    holds whose shelter and food supplies According to the Ministry of Health, 7,695 collected from civilians
    were destroyed in fires during the dry malaria killed tens of thousands of children 12 people located at their families’
    season, distributing essential household every year in Uganda, making the disease request
    items and tarpaulins, as well as food pro- the primary cause of death for minors. In 6 unaccompanied/separated
    vided by WFP. an attempt to lower infection rates, the children/demobilized child soldiers
    ICRC distributed 40,000 insecticide-treated registered
    Once the IDPs’ essential needs were covered, mosquito nets in some 15 IDP camps. 2 unaccompanied/separated children
    the ICRC focused on encouraging them to reunited with their families
    cultivate their own food on land adjoining Cholera was endemic in Pabbo camp, owing at year end, 20 requests to trace relatives
    the camps. It supplied households with to insufficient clean water and poor sani- pending
    seeds, hoes, rakes and jerrycans for the two tation. The ICRC, in partnership with the the cases of 17 unaccompanied/separated
    planting seasons in February and in July Uganda Red Cross Society, held hygiene children/demobilized child soldiers still
    and August. The first staple crop was har- awareness sessions. The number of cholera pending at the end of 2005
    vested in August 2005. An ICRC evalua- cases in the camp dropped significantly
    tion found that its seed distribution in 2004 in 2005.
    had significantly improved the benefici- PEOPLE DEPRIVED
    aries’ diet and income. 4,345 ante and post-natal consultations OF THEIR FREEDOM
    conducted, 35,644 vaccinations given
    An ICRC-supported pilot project to help the and 49,207 curative consultations The ICRC visited security detainees held in
    most vulnerable households earn an income carried out in 7 ICRC-supported health military barracks, police stations and cen-
    was launched in Akwang camp. Participants centres tral and local prisons to assess their treat-
    in the scheme chose to raise small livestock 39,053 children between 1 and 14 years ment and living conditions and respect for
    such as rabbits, guinea fowl and ducks. As of age in 6 camps in Kitgum district their judicial guarantees. It took the oppor-
    breeding rates were disappointing, the dele- and 10,715 children in 6 camps in Pader tunity to discuss its findings in confi-
    gation learnt that in future a more compre- district given deworming treatment dence with the authorities and to advocate
    hensive follow-up service was required. 60 health workers in 15 health centres better access for the ICRC to detainees
    across the 3 districts trained in how and notification of the arrest of people on
    The ICRC distributed soap to the most vul- to prescribe basic medicines and security charges.
    nerable families in six camps to help them administer primary health care
    reduce their household expenditure, while 4,400 households in Gulu, 23,475 in To complement the detaining authorities’
    giving them a possible source of revenue Kitgum and 8,725 in Pader given efforts, the ICRC distributed blankets, jerry-
    through selling the soap. insecticide-treated mosquito nets cans, cooking pans, soap and recreational
    1 health centre serving 19,566 people items in a number of places of detention. It
    409,857 people received essential in Labuje camp, Kitgum district, built also provided four prisons with seeds, tools
    household items and equipped and agricultural training to improve the
    541,184 people benefited from inmates’ diet.
    agricultural/veterinary/micro-economic Restoring family links for formerly
    initiatives abducted children The ICRC continued to offer detainees the
    Civilians, and children in particular, use of its RCM network to keep in touch
    Improving the health of IDPs remained the principal victims of the con- with their families. It also enabled family
    Overcrowding, lack of clean water and poor flict in Uganda. UNICEF estimated that members to visit their detained relatives and
    sanitation, combined with the longstand- more than 20,000 children, mainly aged paid transport costs and supplied assistance
    ing inadequacy of local health facilities, between 10 and 15, had reportedly been kits to detainees upon release to facilitate
    meant that health conditions were critical abducted by armed groups since the con- their return to their families.
    in the IDP camps. The ICRC teamed up flict broke out in 1987. Most of these
    with the Uganda Red Cross Society, inter- children were still missing. The ICRC and the Ugandan prison service
    national humanitarian organizations, the signed a memorandum of understanding
    Ministry of Health and local health author- The ICRC attended debriefing sessions of to assess jointly the state of 10 central
    ities to tackle the problem. former abductees in an attempt to deepen prison buildings, including the water
    its understanding of the abduction phe- supply and sanitation facilities. The dele-
    The ICRC supported existing health facili- nomenon, as well as to check that they gation consulted with other organizations
    ties, trained health workers and strength- were not mistreated either during their involved in detention activities to gain a
    ened community-based health activities surrender or in the UPDF’s custody. The better understanding of their work and,

    122
    ICRC ANNUAL REPORT 2005

    to avoid overlap, to encourage coordination AUTHORITIES Promoting human rights standards


    whenever possible without breaching con- and humanitarian principles among
    fidentiality. The ICRC continued to provide the govern- police forces
    ment with advice and technical assistance The ICRC strengthened contacts with the
    242 people visited and monitored in matters relating to IHL and to encour- head of the police force’s training pro-
    individually, including 106 newly age it to set up a national IHL committee. gramme. It held dissemination sessions in
    registered, during 159 visits to 46 places It strengthened relations with the treaties Kampala and in the field on the ICRC’s
    of detention department of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs mandate and activities. The ICRC and the
    1,262 RCMs distributed to and and maintained contact with bodies involved Ministry of Internal Affairs signed an
    1,919 RCMs collected from detainees in incorporating international treaties into agreement to draw up a three-year pro-
    939 detainees benefited from ICRC- domestic legislation. The delegation pro- gramme aimed at integrating human
    supported family visits vided information on IHL to a parliamen- rights standards and humanitarian princi-
    tary body working on incorporating the ples into police conduct and training.
    Ottawa Convention into Ugandan law.
    WOUNDED AND SICK dissemination sessions conducted
    debate on the ICRC’s mandate and for nearly 1,000 police officers
    Government hospitals, receiving only IHL attended by 22 Ministry of Foreign the head of the police training unit
    very limited State funding, suffered from Affairs officials sponsored to attend an IHL course
    a shortage of supplies, qualified staff and an official of the Ministry of Foreign in San Remo
    building maintenance. Overcrowding in Affairs attended an ICRC meeting
    hospitals also put pressure on the quality of national IHL committees in Pretoria
    of health care provided. In an attempt to (see Pretoria) CIVIL SOCIETY
    improve six such health facilities, the ICRC
    provided ad hoc medical supplies and equip- Traditional leaders
    ment, training and on-the-job supervision ARMED FORCES AND OTHER In November, the delegation met 22 tradi-
    and carried out repairs to buildings. BEARERS OF WEAPONS tional leaders in northern Uganda to dis-
    cuss the security situation and the ICRC’s
    The number of patients admitted to ICRC- The ICRC conducted regular visits to IDP mandate and activities.
    supported hospitals for the treatment of camps in Acholiland and documented
    injuries sustained because of the conflict allegations of IHL violations by govern- The media
    dropped significantly in 2005 in compari- ment soldiers and conveyed its concerns to The ICRC consolidated its relations with the
    son with 2003 and 2004. Internal medicine, the UPDF regarding the alleged abuses. media and held two workshops to explain
    maternity and paediatric cases accounted The ICRC was unable to build a sustained its mandate and activities to editors-in-
    for the bulk of admissions. The ICRC shifted working contact with the LRA. chief of the print media. The organization
    its focus accordingly from supporting the regularly appeared in broadcast and print
    provision of war surgery to supporting the Promoting IHL among armed forces media news.
    provision of general medical care. The delegation endeavoured to raise aware-
    ness among military personnel of IHL and radio announcement produced
    6 hospitals supported the ICRC’s mandate and activities. In promoting ICRC access to victims
    103,921 inpatients treated in ICRC- September, the ICRC and the Ministry of
    supported hospitals, including 582 war- Defence signed a memorandum of under- Academic circles
    wounded, 10 of them mine victims, and standing to launch a three-year IHL train- Of the universities the ICRC approached,
    12,111 surgical operations performed ing programme in 2006. only the Uganda Christian University in
    363,532 outpatient consultations given Mukono showed commitment to encour-
    in ICRC-supported hospitals The UPDF’s training department created aging the study of IHL, introducing an
    51 doctors and medical staff at Gulu an IHL office that liaised with the ICRC optional IHL course for final-year law stu-
    and Kitgum government hospitals throughout 2005. Delegates held IHL ses- dents. The ICRC regularly met university
    trained in surgical procedures by sions and workshops in training schools, staff and donated an IHL library.
    an ICRC surgeon field and intelligence units and local
    around 200 medical evacuations carried defence forces. 2 lecturers from Mukono University
    out from IDP camps to hospitals attended an IHL course in Pretoria
    beds and mattresses donated to Gulu Lack of contact with the LRA thwarted (see Pretoria)
    government hospital’s psychiatric ward efforts to develop dissemination activities 1 student team from Mukono
    for the armed group. University participated in the IHL
    moot-court competition in Arusha,
    dissemination sessions conducted for Tanzania (see Nairobi)
    more than 10,000 soldiers from all levels 3 sessions on IHL conducted for
    of the army and local defence forces 145 students at Mukono University
    2 high-ranking officers sponsored
    to attend an IHL course in San Remo
    3 junior officers participated in an IHL
    competition in Rwanda (see Rwanda)

    123
    AFRICA UGANDA

    RED CROSS AND The ICRC and the National Society devel-
    RED CRESCENT MOVEMENT oped operational procedures based on the
    “Safer Access” approach for staff working
    The Uganda Red Cross Society, with its in situations of armed conflict, internal
    valuable experience and knowledge of local tension and other emergencies.
    conditions, remained a key partner in all
    fields of ICRC activity, thanks to increas- plan of action for dissemination
    ingly strong coordination and cooperation activities jointly drawn up with the
    at all levels. The ICRC continued to pro- National Society
    vide a high level of technical and financial financial and technical support provided
    support to the National Society in the areas for the training of 5 National Society
    of emergency preparedness, communica- dissemination officers and 23 National
    tion, promotion of IHL and tracing in Society tracing assistants and volunteers
    northern Uganda. IHL and ICRC dissemination materials
    jointly produced with the National
    The National Society shifted the focus of Society
    its operation in northern Uganda from
    relief distributions to basic health care,
    hygiene and sanitation programmes, while
    maintaining a reduced distribution of essen-
    tial household items for the most vulnera-
    ble families.

    124
    abidjan
    Since the outbreak of the crisis in Côte d’Ivoire
    MALI
    in September 2002, the ICRC’s regional delega-
    NIGER
    tion in Abidjan has focused on maintaining and
    B U R K I N A FA S O
    expanding its operational capacity to protect
    OUAGADOUGOU and assist people affected by the crisis, visiting
    places of detention and monitoring the situation
    BENIN throughout the country. The ICRC closely coor-
    Korhogo
    GUINEA GHANA dinates its activities with the Red Cross Society
    CÔ TE D ' I VO I R E TO GO NIGERIA of Côte d’Ivoire. In the countries covered by the
    Bouaké regional delegation, established in 1992, the ICRC
    Man

    Gagnoa LOMÉ supports the authorities in implementing IHL


    LIBERIA
    ABIDJAN ACCRA PORTO NOVO and raises awareness among the armed and secu-
    rity forces of the need to respect that law. It sup-
    ports the institutional development of the region’s
    ATLANTIC OCEAN National Societies.
    200 km
    ICRC/AR.2005
    COVERING
    ICRC regional delegation ICRC sub-delegation ICRC office Benin, Burkina Faso, Côte d’Ivoire, Ghana, Togo

    EXPENDITURE (IN CHF ,000)


    Protection 3,774
    Assistance 8,124
    Prevention 2,529 CONTEXT
    Cooperation with National Societies 1,717
    General - Despite mediation by Presidents Olusegun and May in Lougoualé and Duekoué, in
    Obasanjo of Nigeria and Thabo Mbeki western Côte d’Ivoire. The attacks left more
    16,143 of South Africa, the disarmament process than a hundred people dead.
    of which: Overheads 978 in Côte d’Ivoire was derailed by disputes
    IMPLEMENTATION RATE among signatories to the Linas-Marcoussis With no end to the conflict in sight and the
    Expenditure/yearly budget 105.1% peace agreement. economic situation worsening, civilians in
    Côte d’Ivoire were becoming increasingly
    PERSONNEL
    39 expatriates
    Presidential elections, scheduled for the end dependent on external aid.
    163 national staff (daily workers not included) of October, did not take place. Meanwhile,
    the UN Security Council extended President The death of Togolese President Gnassingbe
    KEY POINTS Laurent Gbagbo’s mandate for another year Eyadema on 5 February and the election of
    and asked for the appointment of a prime his son Faure Gnassingbe as his successor
    In 2005, the ICRC: minister able to get a firm grip on the polit- on 24 April plunged Togo into violent clashes
    made some 250 visits to detention places ical situation and to lead the country out between the government’s opponents and
    throughout Côte d’Ivoire;
    of the crisis. After lengthy negotiations, security forces. Several hundred people were
    provided water-treatment plants with
    450 tonnes of chemicals, technical support a new prime minister was appointed on wounded, while there were conflicting
    and spare parts to sustain water supply to 4 December. reports on the number of fatalities. In the
    1.6 million people in northern Côte d’Ivoire; violence that greeted the announcement
    made emergency interventions in Korhogo The country remained split in two, the of Faure Gnassingbe’s election victory,
    and Katiola to rectify water shortages; south controlled by forces loyal to President some 10,000 people were displaced, some
    in cooperation with the Ivorian Red Cross, Gbagbo and the north held by the Forces 39,000 fled to Benin and Ghana, crops were
    assisted people displaced by the conflict
    Nouvelles. A demilitarized buffer area, the destroyed and houses razed. The situation
    and intercommunal violence in western and
    central Côte d’Ivoire; Zone de confiance, separated the two regions. was calm at the end the year. The other
    reunited 19 children with their families; Some 6,000 troops of the UN Operation in countries covered by the regional delega-
    collected 5,904 RCMs and delivered Côte d’Ivoire (ONUCI) and 4,000 French tion remained stable.
    6,379 RCMs in the region; troops (Force Licorne) stayed on in the
    organized 66 IHL dissemination sessions for country to patrol the buffer zone.
    members of the armed and security forces,
    Forces Nouvelles, militias and youth groups
    and ONUCI instructors;
    In the north – still devoid of State admin-
    supported Togolese Red Cross volunteers istration – and the west, where violence
    and staff in evacuating 899 people wounded prevailed, civilians’ access to vital services,
    in Lomé and elsewhere during clashes triggered including education, medical care, water
    by President Gnassingbe Eyadema’s death. supply and trade, was greatly reduced, wors-
    ening an already difficult situation. The
    year saw an increase in banditry, notably in
    Abidjan, and several violent incidents,
    including two major attacks in February

    125
    AFRICA ABIDJAN

    MAIN FIGURES AND INDICATORS

    PEOPLE DEPRIVED OF THEIR FREEDOM (All categories/all statuses) 1 CIVILIANS AND PEOPLE DEPRIVED OF THEIR FREEDOM 2
    Detainees visited 9,677 Economic security, water and habitat
    Detainees visited and monitored individually 812 Food Beneficiaries 9,476
    Number of visits carried out 256 Essential household items Beneficiaries 28,892
    Number of places of detention visited 97 Agricultural inputs and micro-economic initiatives Beneficiaries 1,564
    RESTORING FAMILY LINKS Water-supply schemes and sanitation systems
    Red Cross messages (RCMs) and reunifications (completed projects) Beneficiaries 1,600,000
    RCMs collected 5,904 Habitat structures Beneficiaries 4,000
    RCMs distributed 6,379
    People reunited with their families 19
    Tracing requests, including cases of missing persons
    People for whom a tracing request was newly registered 144
    Tracing requests closed positively (persons located) 63
    Tracing requests still being handled at 31 December 2005 112
    Unaccompanied minors (UAMs) and separated children (SCs),
    including unaccompanied demobilized child soldiers
    UAMs/SCs newly registered by the ICRC 90
    UAMs/SCs reunited with their families by the ICRC 19
    UAMs/SCs cases still being handled at 31 December 2005 162
    DOCUMENTS ISSUED
    People to whom travel documents were issued 22
    People to whom a detention attestation was issued 22
    1. Côte d’Ivoire and Burkina Faso
    2. Côte d’Ivoire and Togo

    ICRC ACTION The ICRC continued to strengthen the facing civilians in the north included
    capacities of the Red Cross of Côte d’Ivoire, poor access to basic services because of the
    In view of the volatile situation in Côte notably to provide emergency aid to civil- absence of State administration.
    d’Ivoire, the ICRC increased its presence in ians affected by conflict. It also coordinated
    sensitive regions. This enabled it to remain and financed the activities of volunteers Helping protect civilians
    flexible in order to adapt its operations to and staff through the National Society’s In Côte d’Ivoire, the ICRC collected allega-
    civilians’ changing or increasing needs. It 44 branches. tions of IHL and human rights violations
    was thus able to evacuate, treat and shelter against civilians by weapon bearers and
    people wounded or otherwise affected by Together with the Ivorian Red Cross and made representations to the relevant leaders.
    massacres in Duekoué and violence in the national IHL committee, the ICRC It consolidated its contacts with the armed
    Lougoualé. revived efforts to promote the adoption by forces, the Forces Nouvelles, Force Licorne,
    parliament of a law on the emblem. ONUCI, militias and traditional hunters
    In conflict-prone regions, the ICRC carried to raise their awareness of their responsibil-
    out protection activities for conflict-weary In Togo, the ICRC stepped up its presence ity to protect civilians from the effects of
    populations, supported essential services following violent events triggered by the conflict and to facilitate the ICRC’s access
    such as water supply and health care in the death of President Eyadema and the April to people in need.
    north and boosted the economic security elections. It supported the Togolese Red
    of vulnerable people, including several Cross in assisting the numerous wounded Catering to civilians’ health needs
    thousand IDPs. It continued to visit indi- and 2,000 displaced people. The organization In 2005, the ICRC, together with the Ivorian
    viduals detained in government- and Forces also helped Togolese refugees – including Red Cross, responded to the intercommu-
    Nouvelles-held territories in connection children separated from their families – nal violence by providing first aid, evacuat-
    with the conflict. The ICRC managed its who had fled into Benin, to re-establish ing the wounded to medical facilities and
    activities in Côte d’Ivoire out of its regional family links. It began negotiations with facilitating the removal of the remains of
    delegation in Abidjan and through its exist- the Togolese government to gain access to those killed in the violence.
    ing sub-delegations and office in Bouaké, places of detention in Togo. However, no
    Korhogo and Man and the newly inaugu- agreement to this effect had been reached The ICRC brought health care closer to the
    rated sub-delegation in Gagnoa. by the end of the year. people in the north of Côte d’Ivoire, grad-
    ually handing over the 86 health centres it
    Following the violent events of supported to a programme run by UNICEF
    November 2004, during which the Red CIVILIANS and the European Union. The four-month
    Cross encountered difficulties in reaching handover ended in March 2005 without
    people who needed assistance in Abidjan, The continuing crisis, disputes over land disrupting the delivery of health services.
    the ICRC intensified its dialogue with rights, and insecurity in the west arising
    youth activists in southern Côte d’Ivoire. from the proliferation of weapons, meant A health-post project delegated to the French
    that the volatility in Côte d’Ivoire was likely Red Cross in Man was suspended in February
    to persist for some time. Other problems for security reasons, but resumed in March.

    126
    ICRC ANNUAL REPORT 2005

    medical supplies from the central some 8,000 people provided with a pilot project launched to help
    pharmacy in Abidjan delivered to food, 28,892 with material assistance Burkinans who fled Côte d’Ivoire
    7 hospitals in Forces Nouvelles-held (including 3,715 in Togo) and in 2002 re-establish family links;
    territory 1,564 with agricultural support RCMs collected and tracing training
    basic drugs donated to a Catholic 44,485 bars of soap, 3,054 buckets, organized for Red Cross volunteers
    mission in Duekoué for the treatment 12,170 mats, 11,193 pieces of cloth, in Burkina Faso
    of 6,000 IDPs for one month 2,808 kitchen sets, 276 hoes, in the region, 90 children, including
    56 community health-care workers 532 tarpaulins, 225 shovels, those associated with fighting forces,
    given basic training, 29 health posts 16,000 sq. m of shelter material registered; the cases of 162 children were
    revived, a four-month supply of drugs distributed pending at the end of 2005; 71 Liberian
    distributed to health posts 9,000 kg of rice, 1,500 litres of oil, and Ivorian children, including those
    3,000 kg of beans and 112 kg of salt formerly associated with fighting forces,
    Water and sanitation distributed in Troqui repatriated/reunited with their families
    The ICRC continued its programme to vulnerable people in 14 institutions in Liberia and Côte d’Ivoire, 19 of them
    prevent further deterioration in the urban given monthly assistance comprising by the ICRC
    water-supply system in Côte d’Ivoire, and 161 tonnes of rice, 2 tonnes of salt, 144 persons sought by their families
    maintained water supply to 1.6 million 27 tonnes of oil, 55 tonnes of beans, registered (63 women and 61 who were
    people in 80 urban centres in the north of 9,245 kg of soap and 1 tonne of minors at the time of their disappearance),
    the country. corn-soya blend; a small-scale 63 cases solved and 112 still pending
    rice-production project implemented at the end of 2005 (45 women and
    957 tonnes of water-treatment IDPs in Togo given material assistance 46 who were minors at the time of their
    chemicals delivered for use in 70 water- disappearance)
    treatment plants Helping families re-establish
    146 shuttle runs organized between a and maintain family ties At the request of the Forces Nouvelles, the
    central workshop and some 60 outlying Population movements persisted within ICRC provided it with material and tech-
    water-treatment stations to support the Côte d’Ivoire and towards neighbouring nical support in identifying and handling
    Ivorian water board in repairing pumps countries. The number of Burkinans return- the remains of fighters killed during the
    and electrical-mechanical equipment ing home between September 2002 and events of February 2005 in Lougoualé. The
    2 rounds of bacteriological water-quality December 2005 was estimated at 320,000. purpose was to ensure that families were duly
    tests carried out at 121 sample points in The fluid situation in Côte d’Ivoire com- informed of the fate of their loved ones.
    the north-west; a mobile laboratory and pounded the fragility of the returnees’
    other equipment purchased to support circumstances. Ghana, meanwhile, had a
    daily water-quality control refugee population of some 50,000, includ- PEOPLE DEPRIVED
    41 pumping stations provided ing Liberians, Sierra Leoneans, Togolese and OF THEIR FREEDOM
    with assorted equipment to prevent Rwandans. Often, refugees and IDPs, includ-
    interruptions in water supply; ing children separated from their parents, Helping safeguard the welfare
    25 tool boxes purchased to facilitate depended on the ICRC and National Societies of detainees
    major repairs in water supply systems; to help them restore and maintain contact The ICRC visited military personnel and
    authorities’ awareness raised on need with their families. civilians detained in relation to the Ivorian
    to enhance management of the systems conflict in various temporary detention
    the ICRC’s capacity to ensure The ICRC processed requests from National facilities, military camps and prisons.
    emergency water supply in urban Societies worldwide to trace people in Côte Detention conditions were monitored
    areas reinforced; 3 mobile pumping, d’Ivoire and Ghana who had been sepa- throughout the region and varied from
    treatment and distribution systems rated from their families by conflict. Its RCM country to country.
    built for emergency water supply network helped families, notably in Ghana,
    to 100,000 people in Korhogo; Burkina Faso and Côte d’Ivoire, dispersed In government-controlled areas of Côte
    29 million litres of water supplied by conflict in Liberia and Côte d’Ivoire, re- d’Ivoire, the ICRC had access to ordinary
    to people during drought establish family links. detainees and people held in connection
    13 communal wells repaired/equipped with the conflict. To alleviate the situation
    with pumps in Gagnoa As part of the regional programme to trace noted in six prisons, the ICRC carried out
    temporary shelters set up for 3,000 IDPs the families of children separated from a three-month emergency nutritional pro-
    in the Duekoué area; potable water-supply their parents, the ICRC monitored Liberian gramme. The programme, which benefited
    system reinforced children in Côte d’Ivoire and Ghana. It also nearly 1,500 inmates, concentrated on
    monitored Ivorian children in Côte d’Ivoire therapeutic feeding for those who were
    Enhancing civilians’ economic and Liberia, including those formerly asso- severely malnourished and supplementary
    security ciated with fighting forces. The object was food for the rest. Concurrently, the organi-
    Ethnic and intercommunal clashes in eastern to help them re-establish contact and, where zation initiated projects to improve water
    and western Côte d’Ivoire forced thousands possible, reunite them with their families. and sanitation in places of detention. It also
    of people to flee their homes in 2004 and 2005. provided ad hoc medical assistance and
    Security concerns considerably restricted 4,612 RCMs collected (including hygiene products.
    the movement of civilians, causing them 172 from children separated from their
    severe hardships. The ICRC concentrated families) and 5,651 RCMs (including The ICRC made written and oral represen-
    on assisting those in remote places cut off 174 from children separated from tations to the local and central authorities
    from basic services. their families) delivered in the region concerning observations made during visits

    127
    AFRICA ABIDJAN

    to places of detention. The emergency WOUNDED AND SICK ARMED FORCES AND OTHER
    nutritional programme facilitated discus- BEARERS OF WEAPONS
    sions between the ICRC and the authori- Outbreaks of violence in Côte d’Ivoire left
    ties, including the director of the penal a few hundred people wounded. In Togo, The region’s defence, security and police
    authority, on a variety of issues. violence related to the death and succession forces had made progress in incorporating
    of the president also caused casualties. IHL into their training and command
    In Forces Nouvelles-controlled areas, the structures but still needed to translate IHL
    ICRC was concerned about detention in Côte d’Ivoire, material/financial rules into orders and procedures. To this
    conditions, the absence of a functioning support given to the National Society end, the ICRC:
    judicial system and the consequent lack of to provide first aid to and evacuate over
    judicial guarantees. It raised these issues on 200 war-wounded to Daloa hospital; helped the Ivorian army compile IHL
    several occasions with the detaining author- first-aid kits donated to Duekoué training manuals; funded the training
    ities and the Forces Nouvelles leadership. and Daloa hospitals to cater for of an army officer in San Remo;
    200 war-wounded organized sessions on IHL, the ICRC
    in government-controlled areas of in Togo, a surgical kit donated and its operations in 4 armed and
    Côte d’Ivoire: 8,865 detainees visited, to Lomé’s Tokoin hospital to treat security force training institutions;
    of whom 361 monitored individually 100 war-wounded; dressings for pursued negotiations with the Ivorian
    (4 women and 13 minors); 315 newly 1,000 war-wounded supplied to police authorities on training in human
    registered, 96 visits carried out to the Togolese Red Cross and various rights/ humanitarian principles for
    39 places of detention (1 military health facilities the gendarmerie;
    prison, 21 places of temporary a seminar on war surgery organized conducted sessions on its mandate
    detention and 17 civilian prisons) in Côte d’Ivoire for 21 Ivorian surgeons and activities and IHL for 6,500 militia
    in Force Nouvelles-held areas of ahead of the aborted presidential members, ONUCI battalions and
    Côte d’Ivoire: 717 detainees visited, elections in Côte d’Ivoire, 3 Ivorian Forces Nouvelles members;
    of whom 356 monitored individually Red Cross branches provided with organized a session on humanitarian
    (3 women and 13 minors); 331 newly first-aid material for the treatment principles and ICRC/Red Cross activities
    registered, 157 visits carried out to of 500 war-wounded; first-aid material for 1,200 Togolese army recruits; held
    55 places of detention (8 military for the treatment of 100 war-wounded a course for 20 Togolese IHL instructors;
    camps, 39 places of temporary pre-positioned in 3 ICRC sub-delegations; supported 2 San Remo-trained officers
    detention and 8 civilian prisons) transport/communication means in organizing an IHL course for army
    in the Zone de confiance area (Force pre-positioned in strategic places personnel;
    Licorne and ONUCI): 93 detainees 13 health-care facilities assessed in organized/helped organize an IHL
    visited, of whom 93 followed areas affected by violence in Togo trainers’ course and a workshop on the
    individually; 93 newly registered, an introductory first-aid and IHL review of the Burkinan military justice
    during 2 visits carried out to 2 military programme conducted in conjunction code for 46 participants, including
    camps with the Ivorian Red Cross for some Burkinan military personnel;
    in Burkina Faso: 2 people held in 5,000 weapon bearers; a similar discussed IHL training with the
    connection with the attempted coup programme implemented in Abidjan Ghanaian military leadership and
    in 2003 visited during 1 visit to for militias and youth groups the judge advocate-general;
    1 place of detention gave 2 presentations on civil-military
    nearly 1,300 RCMs collected in detention cooperation in peace-support operations
    places throughout Côte d’Ivoire and AUTHORITIES to officers from the Economic
    over 700 RCMs delivered Community of West African States
    funding provided to a religious Some of the region’s countries were not yet at the Kofi Annan International
    association to continue assisting party to vital IHL treaties, nor had they Peacekeeping Training Centre in Ghana.
    detainees in Côte d’Ivoire’s Bouaké incorporated the treaties’ provisions into
    prison; medical supplies donated national legislation.
    to Bouaké and Korhogo prisons; CIVIL SOCIETY
    ad hoc donations of hygiene products Ivorian IHL committee’s activities
    distributed in detention places supported, including the drafting In Côte d’Ivoire, the ICRC familiarized sev-
    of a bill on the emblem; a symposium eral thousand members of the public with
    In Togo, the ICRC met the head of State and on the emblem/ IHL organized for its mandate and activities and IHL by:
    certain ministers as part of efforts to reach the authorities, parliamentarians and
    an agreement on access to detainees. corporations; organizing of a seminar publishing articles on the Movement/IHL
    for regional/local leaders on IHL in the media, broadcasting programmes,
    and the protection of people affected including a musical show “Man, a remedy
    by conflict supported for man” and launching a campaign on
    creation of an IHL committee in the emblem;
    Burkina Faso supported; a seminar supporting art work on the theme of
    on the repression of IHL violations IHL produced by street children in 2004.
    organized for the authorities
    Benin’s completion of a bill on the In Togo, a public and media campaign was
    repression of IHL violations supported organized to explain to the public the
    ICRC’s mandate and activities.

    128
    ICRC ANNUAL REPORT 2005

    The ICRC signed agreements on IHL pro- Togo Elsewhere


    motion with television channels in Togo, The Togolese Red Cross, supported by the workshops on the Fundamental
    Burkina Faso and Benin. ICRC, responded to the outbreak of post- Principles held for Burkinan and
    election violence by evacuating or assisting Togolese Red Cross volunteers
    In Côte d’Ivoire, the Exploring Humanitarian 899 wounded people. 38 Burkinan Red Cross staff briefed
    Law (EHL) secondary-school programme on the Movement; 6 dissemination staff
    progressed. first-aid kits and other emergency trained; 9 workshops on humanitarian
    material donated to 42 branches, and values held for the public
    basic humanitarian values introduced 1,205 first-aid workers mobilized
    into the curricula of 6 secondary schools; extra-budgetary funding provided for Cooperation with the Movement
    400 EHL coordinators/teachers trained; the purchase, installation and/or repair The ICRC worked with other components
    an EHL pilot project carried out in of 4 National Society HF stations; of the Movement to enhance the capacities
    8 schools and subsequently evaluated 10 radio operators trained; medical of the region’s National Societies. With the
    sessions on humanitarian values equipment donated International Federation, it helped four of
    organized for out-of-school youths 30 stretchers, 9 first-aid kits and the region’s National Societies respond to
    medical supplies distributed to 4 public the crisis in Togo.
    The ICRC continued assisting Ivorian uni- health/medical facilities
    versities and colleges by giving lectures, fuel provided and an ambulance repaired
    sponsorship and other support. 500 Red Cross vests/stickers donated
    completion and launch of contingency
    7 university lecturers from 4 of plan supported
    the region’s countries attended the
    pan-African IHL course in Yaoundé, Burkina Faso
    Cameroon (see Yaoundé); 16 students 135 first-aid volunteers trained
    from the region participated in a moot- emergency measures for presidential
    court competition in Dakar, Senegal elections supported, including setting
    over 180 Burkinan students briefed on up emergency plan and mobilizing
    IHL and the Movement; 2 IHL libraries 500 first-aiders
    donated to Burkinan educational
    institutions Restoring family links
    the leadership of the Federation 62 Ivorian/Burkinan Red Cross
    of Students and School Pupils volunteers and 3 regional tracing
    of Côte d’Ivoire briefed on IHL coordinators trained; 17 motorcycles,
    and the Movement scooters or bicycles and 30 Red Cross
    vests donated to the 2 National Societies

    RED CROSS AND Promoting IHL and the Fundamental


    RED CRESCENT MOVEMENT Principles
    Côte d’Ivoire
    The region’s National Societies faced numer- The ICRC worked to enhance knowledge
    ous constraints that made it difficult for of the Movement, IHL and security guide-
    them to improve their capacities to carry out lines among National Society staff and
    their activities efficiently and autonomously. volunteers.

    Côte d’Ivoire revision of the Ivorian Red Cross


    The training of first-aid volunteers and statutes completed with ICRC help
    staff remained a vital component of ICRC IHL sessions held for over
    support to the Ivorian Red Cross. 400 volunteers
    25 dissemination officers, trainers
    6 first-aid brigades trained, material and coordinators of EHL clubs trained
    (164 first-aid kits, 954 Red Cross session of the National Society’s
    vests, 60 red cross flags, 3 vehicles, governing board organized with
    3 HF radios and other radio ICRC support
    communication equipment) and IHL workshop held for 20 senior/
    medical supplies donated to 48 brigades managerial staff and 20 radio-show
    80 heads of brigades and radio hosts
    operators trained in the management events to mark World Red Cross
    of emergency situations; 90 buckets, and Red Crescent Day organized
    270 mats, 270 blankets, 880 bars of
    soap, 530 pieces of cloth, 180 tarpaulins,
    bandages and tents donated
    financial and other material support
    provided

    129
    abuja
    MALI The ICRC works to enhance the Nigerian Red Cross
    NIGER
    Society’s capacity to respond to emergencies country-
    CHAD
    wide. It supports the National Society’s tracing
    SOKOTO
    activities, the Alternative to Violence Project designed
    KATSINA
    ZAMFARA
    KANO
    JIGAWA YOBE to curb communal violence, and a programme to
    KEBBI BORNO
    improve hygiene and sanitation in prisons. Working
    KADUNA

    BENIN NIGER N IGE R I A


    BAUCHI
    GOMBE
    with the authorities, the armed forces, the police and
    ADAMAWA
    civil society, the ICRC promotes IHL and its national
    FCT PLATEAU
    KWARA ABUJA implementation. It also cooperates with the National
    OYO NASSARAWA
    OSUN EKITI KOGI
    TARABA
    Society to raise awareness of the Red Cross. Active in
    BENUE
    OGUN ONDO ENUGU
    Nigeria during the Biafran war (1966–70), the ICRC
    EDO
    ANAMBRA EBONYI
    LAGOS IMO CROSS CAMEROON
    established a regional delegation in Lagos in 1988
    DELTA ABIA RIVER

    BAYELSA AKWA
    and relocated to Abuja in 2003.
    RIVERS IBOM

    ATLANTIC OCEAN

    200 km
    ICRC/AR.2005
    COVERING
    ICRC regional delegation ICRC office Nigeria

    EXPENDITURE (IN CHF ,000)


    Protection 767
    Assistance 34
    Prevention 1,144 CONTEXT
    Cooperation with National Societies 2,226
    General - Virtually all political parties in Nigeria, people, who were disgruntled about what
    especially the ruling People’s Democratic they saw as inadequate benefits for them
    4,171 Party (PDP), were undergoing internal crises. from the companies’ activities.
    of which: Overheads 255 At the state level, some governors were
    IMPLEMENTATION RATE engaged in a tussle with patrons who had On the economic front, Nigeria continued
    Expenditure/yearly budget 93.5% sponsored them in the hope of benefiting to climb its way gradually out of debt by
    from lucrative state contracts and appoint- keeping to its debt-relief agreement with
    PERSONNEL
    7 expatriates
    ments. At the national level, retired military the Paris Club. The Paris Club agreed to
    42 national staff (daily workers not included) men vied with civilian politicians for con- knock 18 billion US dollars off Nigeria’s
    trol of the PDP. The PDP persisted with its debt of 30.4 billion. The country paid arrears
    KEY POINTS so-called “internal cleansing” process, with of 6.4 billion US dollars, leaving 8 billion
    a number of senior officials facing charges outstanding.
    In 2005, the ICRC: of money-laundering and corruption.
    signed a memorandum of understanding Finding shelter remained a problem for many
    with the Nigerian police force to include
    The PDP membership-renewal exercise and residents of the capital Abuja, as the Federal
    IHL systematically in police training;
    conducted a number of courses on IHL party primaries hinted at the problems that Capital Development Authority, in a bid to
    and the ICRC for police officers; could arise during general elections sched- restore the city’s master plan, destroyed
    held a train-the-trainer course on IHL for uled for 2007. There were reportedly wide- houses and shops that had not been regis-
    military instructors and gave presentations spread irregularities and cases of violence, tered. In addition, many civil servants were
    on the ICRC and IHL for thousands of and some states produced more than one made homeless by the government’s policy
    soldiers and army officers; leader of a political party. of selling off State-owned properties. The
    co-organized with ECOWAS a seminar
    State employees were evicted when govern-
    on IHL implementation in West Africa
    attended by officials from 13 member States; There was much speculation on whether ment housing grants promised to them
    provided the Nigerian Red Cross Society President Olusegun Obasanjo would have failed to materialize, rendering them unable
    with financial, technical and material the constitution amended in order to be to afford to buy their own homes.
    support; able to run for a third term in 2007. Many
    built up a network of key contacts among pundits believed the president’s willingness Resolution of a dispute between Nigeria
    national and local authorities, religious to do so was at the root of friction between and Cameroon over the Bakassi Peninsula
    groups and traditional leaders.
    him and the vice-president, Atiku Abubakar, made slow progress. The Cameroon-Nigeria
    who had ambitions for the presidency. Mixed Commission agreed to continue the
    field assessment of the border.
    Meanwhile, the Niger Delta zone remained
    largely peaceful, partly owing to the federal
    government’s clampdown on the leaders of
    the three most prominent militia groups
    in the country, who were charged with trea-
    son. However, the area remained dogged
    by interethnic rivalry and uneasy relations
    between oil-producing companies and local

    130
    ICRC ANNUAL REPORT 2005

    MAIN FIGURES AND INDICATORS

    RESTORING FAMILY LINKS 1 CIVILIANS AND PEOPLE DEPRIVED OF THEIR FREEDOM 1


    Red Cross messages (RCMs) and reunifications Water and habitat
    RCMs collected 742 Water-supply schemes and sanitation systems
    RCMs distributed 641 (completed projects) Beneficiaries 1,088
    Tracing requests, including cases of missing persons
    People for whom a tracing request was newly registered 17
    Tracing requests closed positively (persons located) 3
    Tracing requests still being handled at 31 December 2005 27
    1. Nigeria

    ICRC ACTION Through dialogue with the Economic joint ICRC/Nigerian Red Cross Society
    Community of West African States prison sanitation programme was well
    In Nigeria, the ICRC continued to focus on (ECOWAS), the ICRC sought to smooth known and respected by State prison author-
    preventive activities, humanitarian diplo- the way for its operations and advocacy ities. Nonetheless, there was still a need to
    macy and strengthening the capacity of the of IHL in the West African region. It also bolster the federal authorities’ knowledge of
    Nigerian Red Cross Society. It kept up its briefed Nigerian troops departing for the ICRC.
    dialogue with the political authorities and UN or African Union (AU) peace-support
    civil society in order to gain a good under- missions. In five prisons, 1,088 detainees benefited
    standing of the complex realities of Nigeria, from the ICRC’s water and sanitation proj-
    to promote awareness and implementation ects, which included the construction of pit
    of IHL, to exchange information on issues of CIVILIANS latrines and water systems.
    humanitarian concern and to anticipate crises.
    Through the Nigerian Red Cross Society,
    The ICRC worked in close cooperation with the ICRC continued assisting civilians WOUNDED AND SICK
    the Nigerian Red Cross Society to provide affected by internal violence. While delays
    protection and assistance to people affected in recruiting a National Society tracing offi- The ICRC acted through the Nigerian Red
    by intercommunal clashes, urban riots and cer in the first half of the year affected the Cross Society to assist the wounded and
    political violence. Cooperation included functioning of the tracing service, the ICRC sick affected by internal disturbances or
    organizing workshops on conflict prepared- still enabled civilians in the Oru refugee intercommunal violence by reinforcing its
    ness, maintaining stocks of non-food and camp to restore family links. The new emergency preparedness (see Red Cross and
    medical supplies in the National Society’s National Society tracing officer, appointed Red Crescent Movement).
    six zones countrywide and training Red in May, visited the Oru refugee camp for
    Cross volunteers and staff in IHL and the Liberians and three tracing posts but before
    Fundamental Principles. The ICRC also car- year’s end did not fully take over activities AUTHORITIES
    ried on supporting the National Society’s aimed at restoring family links. Meanwhile,
    tracing and prison sanitation programmes the ICRC provided the official with training Encouraging IHL ratification and
    and its Alternative to Violence Project and financial support. implementation in the sub-region
    (AVP). The AVP consisted of interactive With ECOWAS assuming responsibility for
    workshops for inciters, perpetrators and 641 RCMs delivered to and 742 RCMs setting up the West African Brigade of the
    victims of violence in violence-prone states. collected from civilians African Standby Force, the ICRC focused
    tracing in progress for 27 people, attention on peace-support operations. It
    The ICRC endeavoured to increase under- including 11 people who were minors held regular meetings with ECOWAS repre-
    standing and acceptance of the Red Cross at the time of disappearance sentatives to discuss IHL training for Standby
    mandate and activities and to promote IHL. Brigades, a West African code of conduct for
    The roles of the ICRC and the National armed and security forces, and problems in
    Societies within the Movement were explained PEOPLE DEPRIVED the region, such as the crisis in Togo and
    to selected audiences to gain safe access for OF THEIR FREEDOM violence in Côte d’Ivoire.
    the Red Cross to people affected by inter-
    nal disturbances and to encourage weapon By consolidating its relations with Nigeria’s A seminar on IHL implementation in
    bearers to comply with IHL and human human rights organizations, the ICRC West Africa, co-organized with ECOWAS,
    rights law. established a clear picture of the type of was attended by senior officials from the
    service offered by these organizations, as Ministries of Foreign Affairs and Justice of
    The ICRC developed a network of key well as creating a reliable local and national 13 countries.
    contacts among the national and local information network. The ICRC also met
    authorities, prison officials, traditional two key organizations involved in prison Encouraging IHL ratification and
    rulers and opinion-leaders. It also estab- matters – the British Council and the UN implementation in Nigeria
    lished contacts with Muslim and Christian Office on Drugs and Crime. A party to most IHL treaties, Nigeria still
    religious groups and leaders as part of its needed to accede to the Convention on
    broader global effort to promote mutual The regional delegation maintained contact Certain Conventional Weapons, the Hague
    understanding. with the Nigerian Prison Service, and the Convention on Cultural Property and the

    131
    AFRICA ABUJA

    Optional Protocol to the Convention on Nigerian police force RED CROSS AND
    the Rights of the Child. It also had to incor- The ICRC and the Ministry of Police Affairs RED CRESCENT MOVEMENT
    porate the treaties already ratified into signed a memorandum of understanding
    national law. to include human rights/IHL systematically Planned ICRC activities to support the
    in police training and operations. National Society encountered delays owing
    Although the national authorities had the to the late hiring of key staff. Among other
    will to push ahead with IHL implementa- 1 seminar organized for 22 top police things, this meant postponing the handover
    tion, progress was slow. The ICRC pursued officers to the National Society of full responsibility
    a dialogue with officials in the Justice 2 train-the-trainer courses on human for tracing activities in the Oru refugee
    Ministry who could be instrumental in rights/IHL attended by 31 police camp, scheduled for the end of 2005.
    getting bills drafted and voted on by par- instructors
    liament. It prepared a draft of the revised together with the Nigerian Red Cross, In spite of a late start, the National Society’s
    Geneva Conventions Act, which was being presentations given on the National prison sanitation programme was almost
    reviewed by the Nigerian Red Cross Society’s Society’s role during internal disturbances, completed by the end of the year, with dis-
    legal committee with the ICRC’s technical attended by 350 police officers tributions of sanitation material made to
    support. around 70 prisons throughout the country
    and an ICRC-assisted evaluation of four
    Together with the National Society, the CIVIL SOCIETY projects was carried out.
    ICRC organized several meetings with the
    authorities to discuss the new emblem. A new ICRC media officer, appointed in Drawing lessons from difficulties experi-
    November, continued efforts to strengthen enced since the launch of the AVP in 2002,
    relations with Nigeria’s media, which showed the ICRC redefined the roles and responsi-
    ARMED FORCES AND OTHER great interest in ICRC activities. The ICRC bilities of the various categories of National
    BEARERS OF WEAPONS maintained contact with religious groups Society staff and volunteers involved in the
    and organizations to keep track of the var- project. The clubs, which formed the basis
    Nigerian armed forces ious trends in Nigeria. of the AVP, aimed to encourage volunteer-
    The military continued to play a prominent ing for the National Society through the
    role in Nigerian society, the sub-region and an information magazine developed organization of events such as first-aid
    beyond, taking part in UN and AU peace- with the Nigerian Red Cross Society; workshops.
    support missions in Liberia, Sierra Leone, various publications produced and
    Sudan and elsewhere. Besides, the army distributed To support the activities of the Nigerian
    remained a strong feature of the domestic with the National Society, a survey Red Cross Society, particularly its emer-
    political scene, acting as a stabilizing force conducted of Nigerians’ perceptions of gency preparedness, the ICRC:
    and supporting the police in maintaining Red Cross activities
    internal peace and security. organized 2 first-aid refresher courses
    The ICRC carried out an assessment of for 60 National Society staff;
    Over the years, the ICRC had developed a IHL instruction in the law faculties of the assisted the National Society in
    strong working relationship with the Nigerian 10 Nigerian universities that taught the conducting 3 first-aid courses for
    armed forces. It concentrated on building subject and identified universities and 77 emergency-team leaders; donated
    relations with the military command and research institutes where it would like to first-aid kits, medical supplies, 1 vehicle
    on boosting the armed forces’ autonomy in promote the teaching of IHL. It also estab- and 5 high-frequency radios;
    IHL training. The delegation was regularly lished contacts with academics in Islamic helped pay the salaries of key National
    invited to present its mandate and activities studies, who showed openness towards and Society staff;
    to key training institutions. interest in IHL and the ICRC. worked with the International
    Federation to harmonize Movement
    Although at the policy level there was a 3 lecturers sponsored to attend the activities in the sub-region;
    general acknowledgement of the impor- 5th annual All African IHL Course supported, jointly with the International
    tance of IHL in military training, imple- in Pretoria, South Africa (see Pretoria) Federation, a two-day seminar on the
    mentation of IHL needed improving. The 3 students financed to participate in Movement attended by 13 new National
    regular rotation of officers in and out of a moot-court competition organized Society board members; supported a
    training establishments made it difficult by the ICRC in Arusha, Tanzania two-day workshop on the Movement
    to maintain a pool of IHL resource person- (see Nairobi) organized by the National Society for
    nel and, therefore, undermined teaching 20 IHL professors given advice and 25 staff; sponsored 2 courses on the
    of IHL. teaching material Movement for first-aid team leaders
    and trainers;
    a meeting held with the new chief donated essential household items,
    of training at Defence Ministry blankets and plastic sheeting towards
    headquarters; train-the-trainer course the National Society’s emergency stock;
    organized for 27 instructors supported the ongoing review of the
    together with the Nigerian Red Cross National Society’s statutes.
    Society, 15 dissemination sessions
    conducted for 1,600 officers
    4,200 peace-keepers briefed on IHL

    132
    dakar
    MOROCCO TUNISIA The Dakar regional delegation focuses on
    promoting IHL among the armed forces and
    ALGERIA
    other weapon bearers and on encouraging its
    WESTERN
    LIBYA implementation by the authorities throughout
    SAHARA the region. It also supports the activities of the
    National Societies, assists people affected by
    MAURITANIA violence, such as displaced persons in need and
    SE N E GAL
    MALI NIGER returnees in Casamance, and visits detainees of
    DAKAR
    BANJUL GAM BI A
    ICRC concern, providing them with material
    NIAMEY CHAD
    Ziguinchor
    GUI N EA-
    BAMAKO aid where necessary. Opened in 1991, the Dakar
    BISSAU B I SS AU BURKINA FASO
    GUINEA BENIN
    regional delegation initially covered Cape Verde,
    SIERRA
    CÔTE TOGO
    NIGERIA Guinea-Bissau, Senegal and Gambia, later extend-
    LEONE
    D'IVOIRE GHANA
    LIBERIA ing its responsibilities to include Mali (1993)
    CAMEROON and Niger (1994).
    CAP E VER D E
    PRAIA EQUATORIAL GUINEA
    500 km GABON
    ICRC/AR.2005
    COVERING
    ICRC regional delegation ICRC sub-delegation ICRC office Senegal, Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Mali, Niger,
    Cape Verde

    EXPENDITURE (IN CHF ,000)


    Protection 250
    Assistance 1,615
    Prevention 1,305 CONTEXT
    Cooperation with National Societies 1,011
    General - The region became increasingly preoccupied In Gambia, efforts to stamp out corruption
    with elections, as presidential and legisla- continued, with high-profile arrests of gov-
    4,182 tive elections loomed in Gambia, Mali and ernment, police and High Court officials
    of which: Overheads 255 Senegal. Social tension and economic gloom and the dismissal of five ministers. On the
    IMPLEMENTATION RATE remained a common feature of most of the political scene, opposition parties formed a
    Expenditure/yearly budget 113.0% countries covered by the delegation. coalition to present a united front in the
    2006 elections.
    PERSONNEL
    6 expatriates
    In Senegal, former prime minister Idrissa
    45 national staff (daily workers not included) Seck, President Abdoulaye Wade’s heir appar- In Guinea-Bissau, the economic and social
    ent, was jailed, allegedly for threatening situation remained grim, with widespread
    KEY POINTS State security. Meanwhile, no progress was poverty, and unemployment hovering around
    made in the peace process in Casamance, 60%. The country depended on assistance,
    In 2005, the ICRC: chiefly because leaders of the Mouvement not always forthcoming, from the interna-
    continued providing support in the form des Forces Démocratiques de la Casamance tional donor community. A successful elec-
    of human resources, training and equipment
    (MFDC) could not agree on holding dis- toral process, which culminated in the election
    to health-care facilities in the Casamance
    region of Senegal; cussions with the government. Armed groups of President João Bernardo Vieira, helped
    completed water projects in Casamance were back in action, disrupting the calm defuse an otherwise volatile situation.
    involving the construction/repair of that had returned to Casamance and that had
    40 wells and concluded the construction prompted the return of IDPs and refugees There was much bustle in Mali, amid grow-
    of health-care facilities; to the region. Even so, thousands of refugees ing disillusionment with the administration,
    resumed prison visits in Gambia after returned to the region, many arriving in as opposition parties regrouped ahead of
    a three-year hiatus; visited 23 prisons in
    their villages only to find them razed, with the presidential elections scheduled for 2007.
    Niger, 7 for the first time;
    strengthened the capacities of the region’s their houses, schools and health centres in
    National Societies to prepare for emergencies, ruins and farmland overrun by forest. In Niger, around 1 million people continued
    draw up contingency plans and implement to endure famine brought about by severe
    programmes to raise awareness of epidemics; Lack of resources hampered government drought. The imposition of a 19% VAT on
    promoted the implementation of IHL by efforts to provide social services in basic commodities sparked off a social cri-
    the countries in the region and supported Casamance, while insecurity made it diffi- sis that paralysed the country for weeks and
    the incorporation of IHL into university
    and school curricula;
    cult for humanitarian actors to assist civil- resulted in arrests. With civil society and
    continued supporting the integration of ians affected by the conflict. Access to safe the opposition mobilized against the VAT
    IHL into the training and operations of the water was a major problem. The insecurity measure, the government relented. Insecurity
    region’s armed forces and familiarized some was disastrous for the local economy, inter and intercommunal conflicts lingered in
    2,500 military and security personnel in alia, disrupting agricultural production, the regions of both Niger and Mali.
    Senegal with IHL. region’s major revenue earner, and prevent-
    ing the development of modern farming
    techniques. With the prospect of peace,
    however, the region saw some signs of eco-
    nomic recovery.

    133
    AFRICA DAKAR

    MAIN FIGURES AND INDICATORS

    PEOPLE DEPRIVED OF THEIR FREEDOM (All categories/all statuses) 1 CIVILIANS AND PEOPLE DEPRIVED OF THEIR FREEDOM 2
    Detainees visited 4,387 Economic security, water and habitat
    Detainees visited and monitored individually 136 Agricultural inputs and micro-economic initiatives Beneficiaries 2,174
    Number of visits carried out 29 Water-supply schemes and sanitation systems
    Number of places of detention visited 29 (completed projects) Beneficiaries 12,685
    RESTORING FAMILY LINKS
    Red Cross messages (RCMs) and reunifications
    RCMs collected 63
    RCMs distributed 130
    1. Gambia, Niger and Senegal
    2. Niger and Senegal

    ICRC ACTION CIVILIANS The ICRC and the Senegalese Red Cross also
    continued to support 37 community work-
    The ICRC continued to build up its network Refugees from Casamance, especially those ers responsible for relaying information on
    of contacts and to monitor political, social in Gambia, began returning home and malaria prevention and treatment in 17 vil-
    and security developments in the region. started rebuilding their houses and other lages in Bignona and Sédhiou districts.
    Frequently consulted on humanitarian issues, village infrastructure damaged during the
    the organization noted that awareness of conflict. However, there was little tangible messages on malaria prevention and
    IHL was becoming increasingly valued. action to back up pledges made to support treatment relayed to some 21,000 people
    Cooperation with traditional partners them in rebuilding their lives after years of in 34 villages
    – government authorities, armed and secu- conflict. Insufficient water supply remained mosquito nets impregnated with
    rity forces, NGOs, international organizations a major hindrance to the recovery process. insecticide donated to Kabadio
    and academic circles – stayed on course. The national water board still had no access community
    to certain areas, and with the flight of civil- material donated to the Extended
    The ICRC resumed prison visits in Gambia ians during the conflict, wells had been neg- Programme on Immunization in
    and continued supporting the authorities lected for years. Particularly susceptible to the areas of Djondji and Diocadou
    of some of the region’s countries in ensur- the hardship, including limited access to
    ing that the treatment of detainees and their health care, were young children, pregnant The ICRC helped improve health-care serv-
    conditions of detention conformed to inter- women and the elderly. Malaria remained ices by restoring Djondji health post and
    national norms. a major cause of morbidity and mortality rebuilding the adjoining maternity ward.
    in Senegal. By the end of May, the facilities were already
    In Casamance, the ICRC persisted with its receiving patients and able to handle baby
    integrated community assistance pro- In Casamance, the ICRC pursued its three- deliveries even during the night, thanks to
    grammes to improve access to water, sanita- pronged approach – improving health care, the installation of a solar-powered lighting
    tion facilities and health care for civilians economic security and access to safe water – system. The facilities also received medical
    affected by conflict and to enhance their to encourage displaced people to return to supplies and equipment, an incinerator and
    economic security. The programmes’ goals their places of origin. a potable water storage system.
    were to give beneficiaries a chance to rebuild
    their lives and to create an environment con- Health care By the end of 2005, the ICRC had com-
    ducive to renewed peace. While the govern- The ICRC maintained its partnership with pleted the construction of health-care
    ment, MFDC and the beneficiaries supported the Senegalese Red Cross in supporting the posts/maternity wards in Diocadou, Katack
    and appreciated the efforts of the ICRC, the anti-malaria programme initiated in 2004. Karone, Tendine and Sitoukene villages.
    security situation in regions where it oper- Carried out by 25 teams comprising 57 com- Red Cross volunteers contributed to the
    ated remained a concern. The ICRC carried munity workers acting in conjunction with effort, as did local communities, which pro-
    on lobbying other humanitarian organiza- eight health posts, the programme sought to vided masons, carpenters and labourers.
    tions to ensure an adequate response to the make communities more aware of malaria, Whenever technical expertise was required,
    needs of the people of Casamance. its prevention and treatment. The ICRC made the ICRC approached private construction
    mosquito nets impregnated with insecti- companies in Ziguinchor. The health posts
    In Niger, given that many other organiza- cides available at preferential prices for were to cater to the needs of 12,000 people
    tions were involved in providing famine pregnant women and children under five at once health-care workers had been trained.
    relief, the ICRC’s response to the drought’s 18 outlets serving an estimated 35,000 peo- Furthermore, the ICRC:
    effects was restricted to ensuring that its ple. It conducted a survey on knowledge,
    projects, notably in prisons, were not attitudes and practices concerning malaria donated funds to Djondji community
    adversely affected. among mothers/carers of children under five for the training of a matron at the
    to assess the impact of the programme. The district hospital;
    The need to strengthen partnerships with findings indicated that the programme had provided food to a trainee community
    the region’s National Societies was evident, considerably increased the target popula- health worker from Diocadou during
    particularly in tracing activities, emergency tion’s awareness of the benefits of mosquito an internship at Djibidione health post;
    preparedness and the promotion of IHL. nets in controlling the spread of malaria. provided 20 health workers in 10 health

    134
    ICRC ANNUAL REPORT 2005

    posts in Djibidione with food when they Renewed dialogue with the Gambian author- The Senegalese parliament voted to adopt
    participated in monthly information ities enabled the ICRC to obtain access to a bill on the emblem.
    sessions; detainees. Likewise, the organization began
    donated medical books to 9 health posts efforts to help enhance the functioning of Regional and international
    and provided material support to the the judicial system. organizations
    head nurse at Djibidione health post to The ICRC participated in the activities of
    ensure monthly supervision of Djondji 552 detainees visited, 14 monitored and maintained contact with regional and
    and Diocadou health posts until a nurse individually during 3 visits to 3 places international organizations. This included:
    could be deployed to each of these posts. of detention
    holding discussions with the African
    Economic security In Senegal, two detainees were visited by Union’s commission on protection
    To enhance economic security, the ICRC the ICRC. of civilians during armed conflicts;
    supported communities’ efforts to revive participating in activities/meetings
    market gardening by providing 22 women’s Assisting detainees organized by the UN Office in
    gardening associations (2,174 beneficiaries) In Niger, the ICRC installed showers and West Africa, the UN Office for the
    with wire fencing, seed kits and gardening sanitation blocks and constructed wells to Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs
    tools, including watering cans, basins and serve 770 inmates in five detention places. (Senegal) and a regional consultation
    weighing scales. It regularly monitored To help the penal authorities improve liv- on violence against children (Mali);
    the associations’ progress, providing them ing conditions in prisons, the organization familiarizing 40 parliamentarians
    with technical support in the planning, rehabilitated health-care facilities in four of the West African Economic and
    organization and management of their prison establishments. In one establishment, Monetary Union with IHL and the ICRC
    market gardens. it constructed a well fitted with a pump. It (Guinea-Bissau);
    also continued to seek alternative solutions sponsoring government representatives
    Access to water to water problems affecting prisons. from 5 countries to attend an ICRC/
    In December 2005, the ICRC completed its ECOWAS seminar in Abuja (see Abuja)
    programme, initiated in 2004, to repair/ 5 reservoirs, each with a capacity helping representatives of 4 countries
    construct 40 wells for 10,915 beneficiaries of 3,000 litres, distributed to 4 prisons of the region attend a seminar on
    in 17 villages. This huge water-supply in Niger protection organized in Dakar for
    programme comprised 20 wells fitted with items including wheelbarrows, soap, human rights NGOs;
    pulleys for market gardening and 20 com- bleach, brooms, pitchforks, rakes, participating in the proceedings of the
    munity wells equipped with water pumps. buckets, tumblers, gum boots, gloves, African Commission on Human and
    The organization made it possible for the shovels and mosquito nets distributed Peoples’ Rights based in Gambia;
    national water board to access the villages to 17 prisons in Niger making contact with UN agencies in
    where security was a concern to install the ad hoc material and medical assistance Mali concerning potential refugees from
    water pumps. Proximity to health-care provided to prisons in Gambia Côte d’Ivoire.
    facilities was a factor in determining where
    to construct the wells.
    AUTHORITIES ARMED FORCES AND OTHER
    BEARERS OF WEAPONS
    PEOPLE DEPRIVED National authorities
    OF THEIR FREEDOM The ICRC intensified its contacts with the Promoting IHL among the armed
    authorities to impress upon them the impor- and security forces
    Helping protect detainees tance of incorporating IHL into national Lack of personnel and other constraints
    The ICRC continued its prison visits in legislation. Accordingly, the organization: hampered the efforts of the armed and secu-
    Niger, where it monitored detainees regis- rity forces to achieve autonomy in teaching
    tered in 2003 and 2004, most of whom were helped the authorities prepare a draft and implementing IHL. The ICRC con-
    held in relation to mutinies in the Diffa and on the emblem law (Niger); tinued to support the forces in achieving
    Niamey garrisons in 2002. In May, a mili- donated 500 samples of alternative their goals.
    tary tribunal created in 2003 began hear- symbols to the Health Ministry in Niger
    ing the cases of military detainees. to help combat misuse of the emblem; 2 military officers (Mali, Senegal)
    organized workshops for government/ sponsored to attend an IHL course in
    3,833 detainees visited, 120 of whom National Society officials on the draft San Remo
    monitored individually during 23 visits emblem law (Niger) and penal reforms in 4 countries, sessions on IHL and
    to 23 detention facilities, including (Gambia, Senegal); the ICRC conducted for 2,850 security
    7 visited for the first time organized workshops/information and military personnel, including
    sessions in Mali and Niger to familiarize 1,000 troops departing for peace-keeping
    In Guinea-Bissau, where 10 military per- local authorities with IHL, the Movement operations in the sub-region
    sonnel were arrested in May following and its activities and continued to 4,500 copies of the Soldier’s handbook
    former president Kumba Yala’s brief occu- monitor developments along borders printed and donated (Senegal)
    pation of the presidential palace, the ICRC in the sub-region;
    monitored the situation closely, particu- conducted IHL/human rights awareness
    larly with regard to the detainees’ judicial sessions for members of the military,
    guarantees. All the detainees were released police and prison guards (Gambia)
    during the year.

    135
    AFRICA DAKAR

    CIVIL SOCIETY 3 lecturers from 3 countries sponsored The Fundamental Principles


    to attend the 2nd pan-African IHL The region’s National Societies organized
    Enhancing public knowledge of IHL course (see Yaoundé) activities around the themes of human dig-
    As vectors of information, the media were nity and combating HIV/AIDS.
    an important audience for the ICRC, as were In Senegal, a committee comprising repre-
    NGOs, particularly those involved in human sentatives of the Education Ministry, the National Societies enabled to participate
    rights activities. The ICRC, therefore: Senegalese Red Cross and the ICRC was set in the Council of Delegates in Seoul
    up to test the Exploring Humanitarian Law Mali Red Cross’s novel idea of using
    maintained contacts with national secondary-school programme during the a publicity caravan to familiarize the
    and international media in the region, 2005–06 school year. public with IHL supported
    inter alia, to inform them of issues production of 2 National Societies’
    of humanitarian concern and to keep (Mali, Niger) newsletters supported
    track of developments; RED CROSS AND the first phase of a programme on
    organized information sessions on RED CRESCENT MOVEMENT promoting intercultural humanitarian
    IHL, the ICRC and the Movement for values completed (Casamance)
    journalists in Guinea-Bissau; local Tracing capacities and emergency
    journalists, then, created an association preparedness
    to support the Red Cross, “Journalistes The region’s National Societies continued
    amis de la Croix-Rouge”; to require assistance in strengthening their
    organized an IHL seminar in Dakar capacities. Although tracing represented a
    for representatives of human rights small fraction of National Societies’ activi-
    associations and academics from Niger; ties, the ICRC’s presence in the region facil-
    helped 4 students from Niger to itated the development of their tracing
    participate in a regional moot-court knowledge and capacities.
    competition organized in Dakar in
    conjunction with the Senegalese High 4 National Societies (Cape Verde, Guinea-
    Commissioner for Human Rights Bissau, Mali, Niger) supported in training
    and the Promotion of Peace; 199 first-aid workers
    in Mali, arranged a televised debate 2 National Societies (Senegal, Cape
    on the Fundamental Principles to mark Verde) provided with first-aid equipment;
    World Red Cross and Red Crescent Day headquarters constructed for a branch
    on 8 May; ICRC operations worldwide of the Senegalese Red Cross; equipment
    and IHL covered frequently by the media; provided to 3 branches in Guinea-Bissau
    initiated talks with Muslim leaders and structural support enabled 4 National
    associations to better understand their Societies (Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Mali,
    point of view and their perceptions of Niger) to improve their programme
    the Red Cross (Senegal). management
    integration of a tracing module in
    Familiarizing young people with IHL training for first-aid workers under way;
    and humanitarian principles 55 first-aid workers trained in tracing
    Despite a lack of resources, interest in IHL (Mali, Senegal)
    grew steadily in universities as evidenced by the ICRC assumed the lead role in tracing
    its incorporation into a law programme of (Mali); an assessment of 4 National
    Dakar University. The ICRC maintained Societies’ (Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Mali,
    contacts with this and two universities in Senegal) tracing capacities started;
    Mali and Niger. the Gambian Red Cross supported in
    collecting RCMs from/delivering RCMs
    IHL libraries/publications donated to prisons
    to universities (Mali, Niger) the Gambian Red Cross supported
    40 university students participated in in distributing books to detainees
    a moot-court competition in Niger; 5 training sessions organized by
    students from 9 countries participated 3 National Societies (Guinea-Bissau,
    in the first regional moot-court Mali, Niger) for 125 first-aid workers
    competition in Dakar 4 committees of 3 National Societies
    6 IHL sessions organized at Dakar (Guinea-Bissau, Mali, Niger) supported
    University; a documentation centre in building their headquarters
    opened, facilitating Internet access for with the International Federation,
    IHL students/researchers; 40 hours of IHL workshops organized for 2 National
    instruction provided at the university’s Societies (Mali, Niger)on good
    Human Rights and Peace Institute governance and management
    awareness sessions on IHL and Red
    Cross activities organized in Niger
    for 42 participants from an academic
    institution

    136
    harare
    DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC The Harare regional delegation has existed in
    of the CONGO TANZANIA
    its current form since 1981, although the ICRC
    has been present in some of the countries cov-
    ered for much longer. Nowadays, it focuses on
    ANGOLA
    M A L AW I protecting and assisting civilians and visiting
    ZAMBIA LILONGWE
    LUSAKA
    people deprived of their freedom in connection
    Katima with political tensions. The delegation helps
    Rundu CAPR
    IV I Mulilo
    KAVANGO HARARE MOZAMBIQUE family members separated by armed conflict
    N AM I B I A ZIMBABWE restore contact. It familiarizes the authorities,
    WINDHOEK BOT SWA N A the armed and security forces and the general
    GABORONE INDIAN public with IHL, human rights law and the
    OCEAN
    SWAZILAND MAPUTO ICRC’s mandate and helps the region’s National
    ATLANTIC SOUTH AFRICA Societies develop their operational capacities.
    OCEAN
    LESOTHO

    500 km
    ICRC/AR.2005
    COVERING
    ICRC regional delegation ICRC mission Botswana, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia,
    Zambia, Zimbabwe

    EXPENDITURE (IN CHF ,000)


    Protection 1,794
    Assistance 925
    Prevention 880 CONTEXT
    Cooperation with National Societies 536
    General - Zimbabwe continued throughout the year the UN estimated that 700,000 people had
    to face serious political and socio-economic lost their homes, their livelihoods or both.
    4,135 challenges, such as triple-digit inflation, In an attempt to provide decent and afford-
    of which: Overheads 252 high unemployment, shortages of essential able accommodation to those affected, the
    IMPLEMENTATION RATE items and a drop in household earning government launched “Operation Garikai”.
    Expenditure/yearly budget 72.9% capacity. In addition, a combination of fac- Owing, however, to irreconcilable differ-
    tors, including drought, affected the 2005 ences between the government and human-
    PERSONNEL
    10 expatriates
    harvest and led to a lack of food. The WFP itarian organizations working in Zimbabwe,
    45 national staff (daily workers not included) provided food aid to 2 million people both national and international, the initia-
    in November and planned to increase its tive stalled and the new homes remained
    KEY POINTS food distributions to more than 3 million unbuilt.
    Zimbabweans through feeding programmes
    In 2005, the ICRC: for vulnerable groups. The government continued with its pro-
    in Zimbabwe, regularly supported gramme of land reform, evicting more
    6 hospitals and provided 14 others
    In a polarized political climate, general farmers. Getting access to evicted families
    with basic medical supplies;
    registered civilians left homeless as a result of elections took place in March with fewer remained a problem, especially for inter-
    internal violence in Zimbabwe and reported clashes than in previous polls and were won national humanitarian organizations.
    several cases to the authorities at local and by the ruling ZANU-PF party. Critics of
    provincial levels; ZANU-PF said the non-violent nature of the Namibia remained politically stable and
    delivered, in cooperation with the region’s poll was attributable to the government’s free from armed conflict. In March, a
    National Societies, thousands of RCMs heavy-handed policies, which included pass- new president, government and parliament
    between refugees and their families;
    ing legislation banning public gatherings were sworn in. The incoming president,
    registered several vulnerable people with
    a view to reuniting them, if appropriate, and limiting the freedom of the press. Hifikepunye Pohamba, began his term with
    with relatives; attempts to tackle corruption and poverty.
    raised awareness of IHL among young Following its landslide electoral victory,
    people taking part in Zimbabwe’s national ZANU-PF amended the constitution and November was marked by the discovery of
    youth service training programme, as well reinstated the Senate. Elections for this mass graves, thought to be linked to
    as among army and police officers; body were held in November, and the rul- Namibia’s struggle for independence from
    briefed high-level officials in Zimbabwe on
    the ICRC’s approach and working methods,
    ing party again won the majority of seats. South Africa, which ended in 1990. It was
    particularly with regard to its detention- feared the find could upset the national
    related activities; In May, the Zimbabwean government reconciliation process. The exhumations,
    visited 167 security detainees in Botswana, launched a first operation against the infor- allegedly conducted by non-specialists such
    Namibia and Zambia and, when necessary, mal business sector by preventing petty as police, army and construction officials,
    made representations to the relevant traders from working. The campaign was drew criticism from Namibian human
    authorities on their behalf.
    followed soon afterwards by a move to rights organizations for not being carried
    demolish buildings that had not been regis- out professionally.
    tered. In a report on the humanitarian con-
    sequences of “Operation Murambatsvina”, Zambia’s economic performance was on
    the upturn owing to the reduction of the

    137
    AFRICA HARARE

    MAIN FIGURES AND INDICATORS

    PEOPLE DEPRIVED OF THEIR FREEDOM (All categories/all statuses) 1 WOUNDED AND SICK 2
    Detainees visited 141 Hospitals supported Structures 6
    Detainees visited and monitored individually 141
    Number of visits carried out 14
    Number of places of detention visited 11
    RESTORING FAMILY LINKS
    Red Cross messages (RCMs) and reunifications
    RCMs collected 26,381
    RCMs distributed 19,235
    People reunited with their families 12
    Tracing requests, including cases of missing persons
    People for whom a tracing request was newly registered 10
    Tracing requests closed positively (persons located) 4
    Tracing requests still being handled at 31 December 2005 226
    Unaccompanied minors (UAMs) and separated children (SCs),
    including unaccompanied demobilized child soldiers
    UAMs/SCs newly registered by the ICRC 20
    UAMs/SCs reunited with their families by the ICRC 11
    UAMs/SCs cases still being handled at 31 December 2005 126
    1. Botswana, Namibia and Zambia
    2. Zimbabwe

    country’s debt and increased production in ICRC ACTION grate IHL into their training and operations
    the mining sector. Nevertheless, it was not and, partly in cooperation with National
    spared a host of problems endemic to the In Zimbabwe, the ICRC regularly assessed Societies, to train police forces in human
    region, including drought. The president the situation of hundreds of victims of rights standards and humanitarian princi-
    declared the food shortage a national disaster. internal violence, including ex-farm workers ples. It further helped finance the National
    WFP agreed to provide 65 million US dollars affected by eviction notices served on farmers Societies’ tracing and dissemination
    worth of food aid. under the government’s agrarian reform programmes.
    programme. Where necessary, the ICRC
    Several countries in the region, notably distributed essential household items and
    Botswana, Namibia and Zambia hosted food to the workers and their families on an CIVILIANS
    refugees who had fled conflict or sporadic ad hoc basis and drew the authorities’
    outbreaks of violence in their home coun- attention to their plight. The delegation Protecting people affected
    tries. The repatriation of Angolan refugees, also assessed health facilities in three by internal violence
    as well as of other groups of refugees provinces and provided a number of hos- In Zimbabwe, the ICRC undertook several
    including Namibians in Botswana, lost pitals with basic medical supplies and field missions to monitor the situation of
    momentum in 2005 owing to the refugees’ blankets. It continued to nurture contacts people affected by internal violence. A num-
    reluctance to return to their poverty-stricken with authorities and civil society leaders ber of civilians were displaced after their
    countries of origin. throughout Zimbabwe. homes were burned down in clashes. The
    ICRC documented these cases and, when-
    The ICRC teamed up with the region’s ever possible, notified the authorities in
    National Societies (mostly in Botswana, order to prevent further acts of this kind.
    Malawi, Namibia and Zambia) and with Where necessary, it distributed essential
    refugee volunteers to collect and distribute household items and food to those rendered
    thousands of RCMs between refugees and homeless. In November, hundreds of families
    detainees of concern to the ICRC and their mainly comprising widows and orphans in
    families. Harare received a one-off distribution of
    much-needed food and non-food items.
    Protection activities were conducted in
    prisons in Botswana, Namibia and Zambia, In coordination with the health authorities,
    where a number of security detainees were the ICRC visited hospitals and clinics to
    being held in relation to the 1999 uprising assess their capacity to care for the sick and
    in the Caprivi Strip. In Zambia, the ICRC people wounded during internal violence.
    maintained its dialogue with the authorities Following a survey conducted in 2004, the
    and the international community in order ICRC decided to support hospitals in three
    to improve detention conditions. of Zimbabwe’s provinces. Medical kits and
    blankets were distributed to the facilities,
    The ICRC continued to encourage the which like all hospitals in Zimbabwe were
    region’s armed and security forces to inte- suffering from a severe lack of resources and

    138
    ICRC ANNUAL REPORT 2005

    personnel. People injured in post-election around 3,000 Angolan refugees, AUTHORITIES


    violence were treated in ICRC-supported including 426 returnees, attended
    hospitals. mine-risk education classes Increasing understanding
    of and support for the Movement
    622 families received food and essential The ICRC continued to meet high-level
    household items PEOPLE DEPRIVED officials in the region to explain its mandate
    6 hospitals regularly supported and OF THEIR FREEDOM and to develop a working relationship with
    14 hospitals supported on an ad hoc basis the authorities. During the year, the ICRC:
    74 health facilities assessed Ensuring adequate
    conditions of detention held dissemination sessions on the
    Restoring family links In Zambia, the ICRC continued to monitor ICRC and IHL for more than 100 civil
    Working with the National Societies and prison conditions and encouraged the servants and future military attachés;
    refugee volunteers, the ICRC conveyed authorities to make any necessary improve- produced and circulated a six-monthly
    thousands of RCMs between refugees in ments, providing guidelines on treatment and newsletter on IHL-related topics and a
    the region and family members. In Zambia, living and hygiene standards for detainees. It fact sheet on ICRC activities in the region.
    the ICRC encountered some difficulty in briefed international community and civil
    providing an RCM service to newly arrived society representatives on prison conditions. Ensuring ratification and
    refugees from the Democratic Republic of implementation of major IHL treaties
    the Congo, who preferred to live outside In Botswana and Namibia, the ICRC mon- The ICRC held a meeting in Botswana with
    camps, making it harder to reach them. itored the treatment and living conditions representatives of the Southern African
    of detainees arrested in connection with an Development Community (SADC) to discuss
    In Namibia, the delegation held a series of armed uprising in the Caprivi Strip in 1999. the status of ratification and implementa-
    discussions with the Namibia Red Cross to The delegation made representations to the tion of IHL instruments in all its member
    plan the handover of conflict- and refugee- authorities relating to lengthy trial proceed- countries.
    related tracing activities to the National ings, lack of clarification of detainees’ legal
    Society by the beginning of 2006. status and detention far from home. The In Zimbabwe, the National Committee on
    inmates continued to benefit from ad hoc Human Rights and Humanitarian Law
    18,941 RCMs delivered and ICRC assistance, which included clothing, showed interest in ratification of the
    26,096 collected toiletries and recreational items. Convention on Certain Conventional
    10 new tracing requests registered Weapons and the Optional Protocol to the
    20 unaccompanied/separated In Botswana, as the ordinary postal service Convention on the Rights of the Child. The
    children/demobilized child soldiers was working efficiently, the ICRC replaced ICRC offered its expertise and support to
    registered its RCM service for detainees with distribu- the process.
    12 people reunited with their families, tions of letter-writing materials, including
    including 11 unaccompanied/separated stamps. In August, Botswana’s presidential office
    children/demobilized child soldiers convened an interdepartmental meeting to
    tracing continues for 226 people In August and September, the ICRC arranged discuss setting up an IHL committee. The
    for 400 family members living in the ICRC offered its support and advice and,
    The ICRC registered 21 children separated Caprivi Strip to visit 132 security detainees to that end, held a workshop on IHL imple-
    from their parents and living in refugee held in two Namibian prisons. mentation in September, attended by
    camps, bringing to 103 the number of such potential members of the committee.
    cases being followed up by the ICRC. Of In Zimbabwe, the delegation held meetings
    these children, the majority of whom were with high-level officials to discuss issues
    Angolans, 17 were reunited with their fami- related to detention. ARMED FORCES AND OTHER
    lies. The delegation also monitored the treat- BEARERS OF WEAPONS
    ment of children living in temporary homes. In Botswana, 5 visits to 5 places of
    detention Integrating IHL into military training
    The delegation registered 34 vulnerable In Namibia, 3 visits to 2 places of IHL courses held in Zimbabwe for
    adults with the aim of reuniting them with detention (131 detainees monitored 141 officers from Botswana, Lesotho,
    relatives, bringing to 38 the number such individually) Malawi, Namibia, Tanzania and Zambia
    cases being followed up by the ICRC. In Zambia, 6 visits to 4 places of and representatives of Zimbabwe’s
    detention (10 detainees monitored army, prison services and police force
    Alerting Angolan individually) an IHL course held for 20 army
    returnees to mine risks 29 RCMs delivered to and instructors in Zambia
    In 2005, the ICRC pursued its programme 157 collected from detainees in 30 officers assigned to an SADC
    to alert Angolan refugees to the danger of Botswana; 235 RCMs delivered to peace-keeping mission in Sudan briefed
    mines in their home regions. The sessions, and 107 collected from detainees in on IHL; the ICRC discussed with the
    aimed at Angolans in Namibian refugee Namibia; 30 RCMs delivered to and SADC the integration of IHL into the
    camps planning to move back home, were 21 collected from detainees in Zambia training of troops to be deployed in
    also attended by refugees not intending an peace-keeping operations
    immediate return to Angola. Refugees
    trained as mine-risk instructors had accu-
    mulated enough skills to be able to hold
    sessions virtually autonomously.

    139
    AFRICA HARARE

    Promoting human rights standards 14 IHL presentations given for trained a newly appointed tracing
    and humanitarian principles among 4,400 young people participating in the coordinator and staff of the Botswana
    police forces Zimbabwe national youth service Red Cross Society;
    The regional delegation worked to raise training programme took over tracing for social cases in
    awareness of IHL among the region’s police a team from the University of Namibia, a traditional National Society
    forces and to promote the integration of Zimbabwe sponsored to take part in the activity, following the resignation of the
    pertinent international human rights stan- ICRC’s 5th moot-court competition in tracing coordinator and postponed the
    dards and humanitarian principles into Tanzania in November planned handover of conflict- and
    their training. 2 Zambian lecturers attended the 2005 refugee-related activities to the National
    pan-African course on IHL in Pretoria Society.
    205 police officers from all districts of
    Zimbabwe briefed on IHL, Red Cross Enhancing disaster
    activities and humanitarian and human RED CROSS AND preparedness and response
    rights principles RED CRESCENT MOVEMENT To help National Societies improve their
    40 senior police officers in Zambia disaster preparedness and response capaci-
    introduced to IHL and the Movement General support to ties, in 2005 the ICRC:
    the National Societies
    In 2005, the ICRC: overhauled the radio networks of the
    CIVIL SOCIETY Zambia and Zimbabwe Red Cross
    helped fund the Botswana Red Cross Societies.
    Relations with the media Society’s annual general meeting, which
    and other key stakeholders saw the election of a new president;
    The ICRC built contacts with and provided contributed to the salaries of
    information to the national and interna- communication officers working for
    tional media, universities and NGOs in the the National Societies of Botswana,
    region to raise awareness of humanitarian Mozambique, Namibia and Zambia;
    issues, the organization’s mandate and the participated in the meeting of the
    relevance of IHL. Southern Africa Partnership of
    Red Cross Societies in Johannesburg;
    Promoting the Exploring sponsored the participation of
    Humanitarian Law programme Zimbabwe Red Cross Society’s legal
    In Zimbabwe, the ICRC’s efforts to initiate adviser in a two-day meeting of legal
    a test phase of its Exploring Humanitarian advisers in Geneva;
    Law programme in secondary schools suf- participated in the Mozambique
    fered a setback owing to changes within the Red Cross Society’s annual partnership
    Ministry of Education and to the situation meeting;
    in general. The delegation therefore decided contributed to the travel expenses of
    to put the programme on hold and concen- 1 delegate from each of the region’s
    trate on the promotion of IHL among the National Societies attending the Council
    young people participating in Zimbabwe’s of Delegates in Seoul;
    national youth service training programme. supported the dissemination activities
    It was officially granted access to the pro- of the Red Cross Societies of Malawi
    gramme’s camps where it conducted a and Zimbabwe, partly by financing and
    number of IHL sessions. helping organize several field trips for
    their dissemination officers;
    Promoting the study of IHL continued to contribute to the cost of
    in law faculties publications such as information
    In Zambia, the ICRC signed a memoran- brochures, newsletters and calendars.
    dum of understanding with the national
    university’s law faculty on the inclusion of Ensuring effective tracing services
    IHL as a mandatory subject in the curricu- The National Societies took part in RCM
    lum and presented the department with an and tracing activities, for which the ICRC
    IHL library. The delegation also worked contributed to the running costs, including
    with the National Institute of Public payment of salaries and mission expenses,
    Administration and the Institute of and provided technical support in the form
    Diplomatic Studies and equipped them of a new tracing handbook, equipment and
    with IHL libraries. training in high-frequency radio operation.
    Also in 2005, the ICRC:
    In Zimbabwe, a lecturer who participated
    in the 2004 pan-African course on IHL in helped the Namibia Red Cross hold a
    Pretoria drafted an IHL course intended session on tracing in situations of conflict
    for inclusion in the State university’s law or natural disaster as part of an ICRC-
    curriculum. supported regional training workshop
    for disaster-response teams attended by
    10 of the region’s National Societies;

    140
    nairobi
    ERITREA SUDAN The ICRC’s regional delegation in Nairobi was
    ETHIOPIA
    D J I B O UTI Lokichokio Mandera set up in 1974 and has a dual purpose: first, to
    Kakuma
    DJIBOUTI promote IHL and carry out operations in the
    Marsabit
    SOMALIA
    SOMALIA three countries covered, namely restoring fam-
    UGANDA
    ETHIOPIA K E N YA ily links for refugees, protecting and assisting
    Liboi
    Dadaab
    LAKE Garissa
    people injured, displaced or otherwise affected
    V I C TOR I A
    NAIROBI by internal armed clashes or unrest, visiting
    RWANDA
    DEMOCRATIC Ngara Mwanza
    detainees falling within its mandate, and sup-
    REPUBLIC BURUNDI Malindi
    of the Mombasa
    porting the development of the National Societies;
    CONGO and second, to provide relief supplies and other
    Kigoma
    TA N Z A N I A
    support services for ICRC operations in neigh-
    INDIAN
    DAR ES SALAAM OCEAN
    bouring countries of the Horn of Africa and
    Great Lakes regions, as well as further afield.

    ZAMBIA
    200 km MALAWI ICRC/AR.2005
    MOZAMBIQUE COVERING
    ICRC regional delegation ICRC sub-delegation ICRC mission ICRC office Djibouti, Kenya, Tanzania
    ICRC hospital ICRC-supported prosthetic/orthotic centre

    EXPENDITURE (IN CHF ,000)


    Protection 2,587
    Assistance 3,336
    Prevention 2,106 CONTEXT
    Cooperation with National Societies 1,145
    General - Owing to instability in neighbouring clashes, usually over water and pasture. Failed
    countries, Kenya, Tanzania and Djibouti rains in Kenya led to a drought in some
    9,174 together hosted around 1 million refugees, areas, with the north especially hard hit. In
    of which: Overheads 560 some 800,000 of them sheltering in late 2005, President Kibaki declared the
    IMPLEMENTATION RATE Tanzania. UNHCR reported that during drought a national disaster and appealed
    Expenditure/yearly budget 113.3% 2005 it carried out the voluntary repatria- for international aid to feed some 2.5 mil-
    tion of around 58,000 Burundian refugees lion people. Parts of Tanzania and Djibouti
    PERSONNEL
    33 expatriates
    and 280 Congolese refugees from Tanzania. were also affected by drought.
    381 national staff (daily workers not included) There were no major moves to return home
    among the 72,000 Sudanese refugees in In Tanzania, general elections triggered
    KEY POINTS Kenya, despite Sudan’s north-south peace unrest in the Zanzibar archipelago. Clashes
    accord signed in January 2005. involving security forces and supporters of
    In 2005, the ICRC: the ruling Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM)
    opened an office in the Zanzibar archipelago As stable States, Djibouti, Kenya and and the main opposition Civic United
    and, in relation to election unrest there,
    Tanzania continued to play an important Front (CUF) resulted in dozens of casual-
    visited people detained, transferred the
    wounded to hospital and provided hospitals diplomatic role in the region. Kenya ties and scores of arrests. The CCM won the
    with medical supplies; hosted peace talks on Sudan and Somalia presidential election and retained a parlia-
    delivered, together with the Kenyan Red and was the regional base of a large num- mentary majority.
    Cross, food and essential household items, ber of humanitarian organizations. The
    as needed, to more than 26,000 IDPs and Intergovernmental Authority on Development
    refugees affected by clan clashes in north- (IGAD) had its headquarters in Djibouti
    eastern Kenya and the neighbouring Gedo
    and became increasingly involved, together
    region of Somalia, and provided 5 medical
    facilities with supplies to treat the wounded; with the African Union and other African
    carried out water, agricultural and habitat regional bodies, in maintaining peace and
    projects to ease community tensions over security in the region. Tanzania continued
    scarce resources in north-western Kenya to play a role in Burundi’s peace process and
    and Kenya’s Lamu coastal district; hosted the International Criminal Tribunal
    delivered some 28,800 RCMs sent by relatives for Rwanda (ICTR).
    to refugees in the region and reunited
    39 child refugees with their parents;
    organized the first East Africa competition On the domestic front, political tensions
    on IHL for armed forces (teams from rose in Kenya as voters rejected a new
    6 countries took part) and a three-day constitution in a referendum held on
    meeting on IHL implementation, attended 21 November. Some campaigning was
    by representatives from 30 Commonwealth marred by violence. After the vote, President
    countries;
    Mwai Kibaki suspended parliament and
    through its Nairobi-based Logistics Centre
    and Regional Training Unit, delivered relief appointed a new cabinet, while opposition
    supplies and provided specialist staff to groups called for early elections. As in past
    support ICRC delegations worldwide in years, the more remote and arid parts of
    assisting conflict victims. Kenya remained prone to intercommunal

    141
    AFRICA NAIROBI

    MAIN FIGURES AND INDICATORS

    PEOPLE DEPRIVED OF THEIR FREEDOM (All categories/all statuses) 1 CIVILIANS AND PEOPLE DEPRIVED OF THEIR FREEDOM 2
    Detainees visited 407 Economic security, water and habitat
    Detainees visited and monitored individually 76 Food Beneficiaries 10,320
    Number of visits carried out 17 Essential household items Beneficiaries 26,160
    Number of places of detention visited 4 Agricultural inputs and micro-economic initiatives Beneficiaries 18,000
    RESTORING FAMILY LINKS Water-supply schemes and sanitation systems
    Red Cross messages (RCMs) and reunifications (completed projects) Beneficiaries 19,950
    RCMs collected 49,754 Habitat structures Beneficiaries 2,150
    RCMs distributed 28,792 WOUNDED AND SICK 3
    People reunited with their families 39 Hospitals supported Structures 2
    Tracing requests, including cases of missing persons
    People for whom a tracing request was newly registered 143
    Tracing requests closed positively (persons located) 109
    Tracing requests still being handled at 31 December 2005 1,191
    Unaccompanied minors (UAMs) and separated children (SCs),
    including unaccompanied demobilized child soldiers
    UAMs/SCs newly registered by the ICRC 40
    UAMs/SCs reunited with their families by the ICRC 39
    UAMs/SCs cases still being handled at 31 December 2005 1,006
    DOCUMENTS ISSUED
    People to whom travel documents were issued 46
    1. Djibouti and Tanzania
    2. All figures include Kenya; Djibouti is included in the habitat figures and Tanzania is included in both the water/sanitation and habitat figures.
    3. Tanzania only

    ICRC ACTION already using the study to guide its projects start of the earthquake relief operation.
    to improve economic security in the region. At the same time, the Nairobi Regional
    The Nairobi regional delegation stepped Training Unit developed and coordinated
    up its activities in 2005 in response to clan The ICRC reinforced the tracing and RCM ICRC strategy and provided delegations
    clashes in northern Kenya and election- services in all three countries, enabling with specialist advice, training and field
    related unrest in the Zanzibar archipelago. thousands of refugees to locate and exchange support. During 2005, the unit also held
    news with relatives left behind. The priority two courses in Mombasa to update the
    The ICRC opened an office in the Zanzibar remained to reunite child refugees with knowledge and skills of pilots who flew
    archipelago on 17 August in order to be able their parents, wherever possible. aircraft contracted by the ICRC for its
    to respond rapidly and effectively to needs delegations worldwide. In addition, it was
    arising from any election-related violence. The delegation built on its longstanding instrumental in setting up the ICRC’s sec-
    During 2005, it visited detainees held in programmes to promote IHL. It focused ond regional training unit in Africa, based
    connection with election unrest and dis- on assisting governments in implementing in Dakar, Senegal.
    tributed medical supplies to hospitals to the provisions of IHL treaties, helping the
    treat people injured during the clashes. It armed forces consolidate their IHL training
    also broadened its contacts with the local and supporting academic institutions in CIVILIANS
    authorities, police and security forces, developing IHL courses.
    community leaders and the media to raise Providing emergency aid
    awareness of IHL and international human The three National Societies continued to Scores of civilians were killed or injured and
    rights law. receive a wide range of ICRC support to thousands forced to flee their homes during
    strengthen their relief, first-aid, tracing sporadic clan clashes in 2005 in Kenya’s
    In Kenya, the ICRC and Kenyan Red Cross and communication programmes. This north-eastern district of Mandera, border-
    worked together to deliver emergency support over the years contributed to the ing Somalia. Mandera’s meagre resources
    aid to people internally displaced by clan efficient response of the Kenyan Red Cross were further stretched by the arrival in
    clashes in the north of the country and in aiding victims of ethnic clashes and of April of some 10,000 refugees fleeing fight-
    to refugees fleeing fighting in neighbour- the Tanzanian Red Cross in providing ing in the neighbouring Gedo region of
    ing Somalia. At the same time, the delega- first-aid services during election unrest Somalia. Between February and August,
    tion carried out medium-term projects to on the islands. the ICRC, together with the Kenyan Red
    improve economic security and thus ease Cross, delivered medical supplies to one
    community tensions in both northern In parallel, the ICRC’s Nairobi Logistics hospital and four health centres to treat
    Kenya and the southern coastal district Centre procured and delivered relief sup- the wounded and sick and provided the
    of Lamu. In December in Nairobi, the plies to ICRC delegations in Africa and worst-off IDPs and refugees with a one-
    ICRC publicly launched its comprehensive beyond, using the most efficient and cost- month ration of food and essential
    regional livestock study on current and effective means. For example, ten charter household items (blankets, kitchenware,
    future trends in animal and plant produc- flights from Nairobi delivered emergency tarpaulins, mats, buckets, jerrycans, soap
    tion in East Africa. The organization was supplies and personnel to Pakistan at the and clothing). The ICRC stepped in to

    142
    ICRC ANNUAL REPORT 2005

    assist the refugees because the relevant the health centre run by the NGO African Aoussa camp closed in October) and in
    agencies were not in a position to do so. Inland Church. Kenya in the Kakuma and Dadaab camps,
    The delegation also delivered surgical sup- which hosted mainly Sudanese and Somali
    plies to two local hospitals to treat people The ICRC’s Sudan delegation had also been refugees, respectively. The ICRC extended
    wounded in clan clashes in mid-July in running a hospital in Lokichokio since the tracing network so that refugees in
    Marsabit district, bordering Ethiopia. 1987, primarily to treat Sudanese patients Tanzania were able to locate and exchange
    evacuated from southern Sudan, but also news with relatives in all provinces of
    26,160 IDPs and refugees provided Kenyans who needed emergency surgery. Burundi, with the exception of a few areas
    with essential household items Following the January 2005 north-south that were off-limits owing to security con-
    10,320 IDPs and refugees provided peace accord in Sudan, the ICRC planned cerns. Somali refugees could also have the
    with a one-month food ration to pull out of the hospital in June 2006. names of relatives sought broadcast on
    Discussions were ongoing with the Kenyan the BBC’s Somali Missing Persons radio
    Easing community tensions in Kenya Health Ministry and the African Medical programme, sponsored by the ICRC. In
    The ICRC began in mid-2004 to carry out and Research Foundation to determine addition to the tracing and RCM services,
    small-scale assistance projects to improve their interest in taking over the hospital. the regional delegation provided travel
    economic security and thus ease ethnic documents to refugees accepted for reset-
    tensions in a remote and underdeveloped 18,000 people benefited from the tlement in third countries.
    area (250 sq km with a population of 20,000) delivery of 6.5 tonnes of seed, 1,000 farm
    at the boundary of the Turkana and West implements and vouchers to vaccinate In consultation with child-protection
    Pokot districts in north-western Kenya, some 60,000 animals against disease agencies, the ICRC’s priority was to restore
    bordering Uganda. The region was prone to 7,000 people benefited from water/ contact between child refugees and their
    drought, and there were frequent clashes sanitation projects parents through RCMs and reunite the
    over water, pasture and livestock. During 1,450 people benefited from habitat families, where feasible, i.e. where the situ-
    2005, the ICRC delivered seeds and tools projects ation in the home country allowed and
    to farmers in March, ahead of the rainy when it was in the child’s best interest.
    season, and provided livestock owners with Improving public health This mainly concerned Burundian and
    vouchers to vaccinate their herds against After cholera hit several villages in Zanzibar Congolese children in camps in Tanzania
    disease. It also constructed two village pri- (Pemba and Unguja islands) in 1999, the and Sudanese children in Kakuma camp
    mary schools, built a kitchen for another ICRC and the Tanzanian Red Cross began in Kenya. There were no reunifications
    primary school and dug or rehabilitated working together to improve water and between Sudanese child refugees and their
    three wells. At the same time, ICRC dele- sanitation facilities, primarily in remote vil- parents during 2005, mainly because the
    gates documented alleged abuses against lages and schools. During 2005, 21 projects children wanted to finish their studies
    civilians and interacted with the authorities were completed, mainly the construction of before returning to Sudan. The ICRC and
    and civil society leaders to raise awareness wells and latrines. Special attention was paid UNHCR regularly shared information on
    of humanitarian principles and civilians’ to ensuring equal support for CCM- and child refugees separated from their parents.
    right to protection. CUF-dominated areas in Unguja. The ICRC, When such children were registered for vol-
    together with the Zanzibari water authori- untary repatriation by UNHCR, the ICRC
    In Lamu, the last coastal district before the ties, also trained local caretakers to main- followed up their cases with their families
    Somali border, poor access to clean water tain the facilities on 23 project sites. in their home countries. In Tanzania, the
    had been a source of tension for some time ICRC established new guidelines concern-
    within the Swahili community. The ICRC 12,950 people benefited from water/ ing cases of child refugees and shared the
    began working with the Kenyan Red Cross sanitation projects information with the relevant NGOs.
    in mid-2004 to improve the water supply.
    During 2005, the organization rehabilitated The ICRC cancelled a planned project to 18,698 RCMs delivered and 31,606 RCMs
    the water systems of Ndau and Siyu village upgrade the water network in the over- collected in Tanzania; 9,267 RCMs
    dispensaries and Siyu secondary school, crowded PK12 suburb of Djibouti town. delivered and 17,490 RCMs collected
    which served some 5,000 people, including Increased donor interest in development in Kenya; and 597 RCMs delivered and
    430 students. It also surveyed the water facil- projects in Djibouti in 2005 made the ICRC’s 600 RCMs collected in Djibouti
    ities (242 reservoirs and 260 wells) on Pate input unnecessary. Instead, it assessed 36 children in Tanzania and 3 in Kenya
    and Ndau islands (population of 20,000) sanitation conditions in the Balbela suburb reunited with their families
    and held a workshop with 34 local leaders of Djibouti town, with a view to support- 108 people in Kenya and 1 in Tanzania
    to plan water projects for 2006. ing a health project of the International located at their families’ request
    Federation and the Djibouti Red Crescent 1,159 requests to trace relatives,
    Since 1999, the ICRC and the local popula- in 2006. including 123 children, pending in
    tion in Kenya’s north-western district of Kenya, and 32 requests, 19 related to
    Lokichokio had been working together to Restoring family links minors, pending in Tanzania
    carry out small-scale projects to improve The ICRC ran the tracing and RCM net- at 31 December 2005, 794 cases in
    community infrastructure and access to work for refugees in Tanzania and Djibouti, Kenya of children separated from their
    water. Cattle rustling was common in this and the Kenyan Red Cross, assisted by the parents and 212 cases in Tanzania being
    semi-arid region. During 2005, the ICRC ICRC, offered the services in Kenya. The handled
    installed a wind and solar pump in Lopiding network was available in Tanzania in all in Kenya, ICRC travel documents issued
    village, which supplied water for drinking 12 refugee camps along the western border to 46 people
    and crop irrigation, and was building a and in Burundian and Somali settlements,
    school in Songot and a maternity ward for in Djibouti in all three refugee camps (Aour

    143
    AFRICA NAIROBI

    PEOPLE DEPRIVED Treating amputees Given the political tensions in the Zanzibar
    OF THEIR FREEDOM The ICRC arranged for one war veteran in archipelago, the ICRC held three tailor-
    Djibouti to be fitted with a new prosthesis made seminars, covering IHL, humani-
    During 2005, the ICRC had discussions at an ICRC-supported physical rehabilita- tarian standards and internal security
    with the authorities in Djibouti, Kenya and tion centre in Ethiopia. This service was operations, for key officers of Tanzania’s
    Tanzania regarding access to all detainees provided at the request of the Defence police force and senior commanders of the
    falling within its mandate. Ministry, who had asked the ICRC to take Zanzibari security forces. It also gave intro-
    over the provision of treatment for 23 war ductory talks on the same subjects to all
    With the authorization of the Zanzibari amputees when Handicap International left senior police officers on Unguja island.
    authorities, the ICRC visited Kilimani prison Djibouti in 1992. The ICRC was consider-
    on Unguja island and Wete prison on Pemba ing supporting Djibouti’s Peltier Hospital The delegation’s other priority in 2005 was
    island to monitor the treatment and living as a more sustainable and cost-effective way the organization of East Africa’s first regional
    conditions of detainees held in connection to treat the amputees. military competition on IHL, hosted in
    with election unrest. As in past years, dele- Kigali, Rwanda, by the Military Academy of
    gates also visited detainees held in the UN Nyakinama. Over four days in December,
    detention facility in Arusha, Tanzania, under AUTHORITIES three-member teams representing the armed
    the authority of the ICTR, and in Gabode forces of Ethiopia, Kenya, Madagascar,
    prison, Djibouti’s only civilian detention The ICRC maintained relations with the Mauritius, Rwanda and Uganda sat tests to
    facility. After the visits, the ICRC reported authorities in all three countries covered gauge their knowledge of IHL and its prac-
    its findings and recommendations, in con- by the regional delegation, focusing dis- tical application. Kenya won the competi-
    fidence, to the authorities. cussions on the integration of IHL into tion and the right to represent East Africa at
    national law and on humanitarian issues the international competition in San Remo
    During visits, detainees were offered the related to refugees, the unrest in the Zanzibar in April 2006. The event took place at a time
    tracing and RCM services to contact rela- archipelago and clan clashes in Kenya. when the African Union was creating
    tives. To maintain basic hygiene standards in regional, standby peace-keeping brigades.
    Gabode prison, the ICRC provided soap and The organization welcomed Kenya’s rati-
    cleaning agents each month and replaced fication on 15 March of the Rome Statute.
    wood-burning cookers with kerosene stoves It helped Kenya’s national IHL committee CIVIL SOCIETY
    which are cheaper and less damaging to the to draft domestic laws incorporating
    local environment. the provisions of this treaty and of the To spread knowledge of IHL, the ICRC
    1949 Geneva Conventions and the Ottawa broadened its network of media contacts,
    in Tanzania, 74 detainees (52 of them Convention. continued to assist academic institutions
    newly registered) visited and monitored in teaching IHL and held more IHL courses
    individually during 5 visits to 3 places The ICRC also organized a three-day meet- for policy-makers and aid workers.
    of detention ing in Nairobi in July, hosted by Kenya, at
    in Djibouti, 333 detainees visited, which Commonwealth countries dis- Stepping up IHL promotion
    2 of them monitored individually, cussed effective measures to promote and in Zanzibar
    during 12 visits to 1 place of detention implement IHL. The event drew 65 repre- As political tensions rose in the Zanzibar
    215 RCMs delivered to detainees sentatives from 30 countries that had archipelago, the ICRC took several initia-
    in Tanzania and 56 RCMs collected national IHL committees or were interested tives to raise public awareness of IHL on the
    for delivery to relatives, and 15 RCMs in establishing one. islands. It conducted a one-day workshop
    delivered to detainees in Djibouti and on IHL for local journalists and discussed
    2 RCMs collected In the second half of 2005, IHL imple- the subject with religious leaders and the
    mentation in Kenya was put on hold as the business community. It also held an IHL
    government prepared for November’s ref- essay competition for pupils, based on the
    WOUNDED AND SICK erendum on a new constitution. Similarly ICRC’s comic book Battle of the Villages,
    in Tanzania, as 2005 was an election year, which was serialized in the Zanzibar Leo,
    Treating the wounded the establishment of an IHL committee was the State-run daily newspaper.
    To treat people injured during election not a government priority.
    unrest, the ICRC delivered medical sup- IHL in academic institutions
    plies to four public hospitals, one private In 2005, the ICRC:
    clinic, the police and Kilimani prison in the ARMED FORCES AND OTHER
    Zanzibar archipelago. It had positioned BEARERS OF WEAPONS held a round-table for lecturers from
    the supplies on the islands in late 2004 for 8 Kenyan, Tanzanian and Ugandan
    this purpose and replenished stocks during The ICRC gave numerous presentations on universities on ways to improve and
    2005. The ICRC also held a five-day semi- IHL and international human rights law to standardize IHL teaching;
    nar in July on war surgery and casualty support the teaching of these subjects to the sponsored 3 university lecturers to
    management, attended by 25 medics from armed, security and police forces in Kenya participate in an IHL course abroad;
    five main hospitals on the islands. and Tanzania, both in the field and at vari- organized, with the ICTR, the annual
    ous training establishments. It also worked six-day international moot-court
    On the Tanzanian mainland, the ICRC closely with Kenya’s Peace Support Training competition on IHL in Arusha, Tanzania,
    organized medical treatment for two refugees Centre, which trains peace-keepers from won by Nairobi University’s law faculty
    who were suffering from long-term health around the world, to integrate IHL into (13 university teams competed,
    problems related to their war injuries. its curriculum. representing Ethiopia, Kenya, Nigeria,

    144
    ICRC ANNUAL REPORT 2005

    Rwanda, Sierra Leone, South Africa, in various regions, in coordination with the Rebuilding the Djibouti
    Tanzania, Uganda and Zimbabwe); ICRC, and stepped up its first-aid and IHL- Red Crescent
    held IHL essay competitions for promotion programmes in violence-prone With Movement support over the last two
    students at 8 universities in Kenya areas. The tracing network continued to years, the Red Crescent Society of Djibouti
    and for journalism students at Dar improve but lacked staff, a problem which had set up disaster-response and dissemina-
    es Salaam University; was to be addressed in early 2006. tion units and restructured its six branches.
    supported a pilot project to introduce However, the National Society was not yet
    the ICRC’s Exploring Humanitarian Strengthening Tanzanian Red Cross operational. During 2005, the ICRC:
    Law programme into Djibouti’s emergency-response skills
    secondary schools. The Tanzanian Red Cross reacted rapidly provided financial support to cover
    and effectively to help victims of election- the salaries of the National Society’s
    IHL for aid workers related unrest in the Zanzibar archipelago, disaster-response, dissemination and
    As in past years, the ICRC organized administering first aid and evacuating the finance officers;
    two week-long IHL courses, held in wounded to hospital. As preparation, the assisted 3 branches in electing committees
    Arusha, Tanzania, for policy-makers and ICRC and National Society had worked ahead of the National Society’s planned
    management-level humanitarian personnel, throughout 2004 to build up the emergency- general assembly in 2006;
    drawing 32 participants. It also initiated a response skills of the island branches. helped the National Society conduct the
    specialized course on IHL and humanitarian During 2005, the ICRC helped organize first training session for volunteers on
    protection activities. four more sessions on disaster management tracing, organize dissemination training at
    and the “Safer Access” approach, donated branch level and plan an IHL-promotion
    additional first-aid supplies and stretchers programme for 2006.
    RED CROSS AND and, during unrest, provided the National
    RED CRESCENT MOVEMENT Society with logistics back-up.

    Reinforcing the Kenyan Red Cross The ICRC also provided funds to hold four
    The Kenya Red Cross Society was the coun- seminars on the promotion of IHL and the
    try’s national coordinator for emergency Fundamental Principles for National Society
    humanitarian operations and also the ICRC’s personnel in mainland branches.
    main partner in delivering relief goods, car-
    rying out assistance projects and running
    the tracing and RCM network. The ICRC
    provided the National Society with funds,
    materials and technical support to reinforce
    these activities and the promotion of IHL
    and the Fundamental Principles, with the
    focus on branches in clash-prone areas.
    During 2005, the Kenyan Red Cross deliv-
    ered relief goods to victims of clan clashes

    145
    pretoria
    200 km The Pretoria regional delegation has existed in its
    ZIMBABWE
    present form for a decade. It keeps a close eye on the
    domestic situation in the countries covered and
    BOTSWANA helps refugees and asylum seekers restore family
    MOZAMBIQUE
    links severed by conflict. It promotes ratification of
    NAMIBIA IHL treaties and their national implementation
    and encourages the incorporation of IHL into mil-
    PRETORIA itary and police training and into secondary-school
    Johannesburg MBABANE
    S WA Z I L A N D and university curricula. The ICRC supports the
    region’s National Societies, in cooperation with the
    SEYCHELLE S
    Bloemfontein MASERU VICTORIA
    International Federation. The ICRC visits detainees
    SO U TH AFR I CA
    L E S OT H O Durban
    COMORO S
    in Madagascar, the Comoros and Lesotho.
    MORONI
    ATLANTIC
    MADA GASCAR
    OCEAN
    East London
    ANTANANARIVO
    Cape Town
    INDIAN MAURIT IU S
    Port Elisabeth OCEAN PORT-LOUIS
    ICRC/AR.2005
    COVERING
    ICRC regional delegation ICRC mission Union of Comoros, Lesotho, Madagascar, Mauritius,
    Seychelles, South Africa, Swaziland

    EXPENDITURE (IN CHF ,000)


    Protection 646
    Assistance 653
    Prevention 1,727 CONTEXT
    Cooperation with National Societies 1,199
    General - The political situation in South Africa The Comoros continued to be beset by polit-
    remained relatively stable in spite of the ical tensions and economic difficulties. The
    4,225 sacking of the deputy president, Jacob adoption of legislation on the government’s
    of which: Overheads 258 Zuma, in June. He was charged with cor- sharing of power with the islands did not
    IMPLEMENTATION RATE ruption shortly after his dismissal and later deter an attempt to overthrow the Anjouan
    Expenditure/yearly budget 88.4% in the year with rape. The Zuma scandal government, after which several suspects
    increased friction within the tripartite were detained. A hike in the price of oil
    PERSONNEL
    11 expatriates
    alliance composed of the African National sparked violent protests, and the eruption of
    42 national staff (daily workers not included) Congress, the Congress of South African the Karthala volcano temporarily polluted
    Trade Unions and the South African drinking water supplies.
    KEY POINTS Communist Party. The main challenges
    facing the country were drought, housing, In Mauritius, July’s elections, which took
    In 2005, the ICRC: land reform, unemployment and HIV/AIDS. place without a hitch, were won by the oppo-
    monitored the situation in Madagascar’s The government increased spending on sition’s Social Alliance coalition. The new
    prisons and signed a cooperation agreement
    social welfare, police and teacher salaries government announced a series of meas-
    with the Ministry of Justice regarding
    support for the prison administration; and peace-keeping operations. ures aimed at bolstering the economy and
    visited detainees in Lesotho and obtained reducing unemployment levels.
    a simplified procedure for the release of Lesotho remained politically stable, despite
    terminally ill detainees; the ongoing recession. The textile sector, The Seychelles remained stable, but the
    maintained tracing and RCM services to the country’s main source of revenue, political arena was increasingly dominated
    ensure that refugees and asylum seekers in remained the hardest-hit industry, and a by the presidential elections set to take
    South Africa did not lose contact with their
    high level of unemployment in the coun- place in 2006. The acute lack of foreign cur-
    families and provided travel documents
    to those accepted for resettlement in third try led to an increase in crime. The UN esti- rency resulted in a dearth of commodities.
    countries; mated that around 30% of the population Officials discussed devaluing the country’s
    obtained the green light from the South were living with HIV/AIDS. currency to give the lacklustre economy
    African parliament for the country’s a boost.
    ratification of the Optional Protocol to The political situation in Swaziland threat-
    the Convention on the Rights of the Child ened to destabilize the country. Sporadic The political situation in Madagascar was
    and from the authorities in Swaziland for
    the creation of a national IHL committee;
    attacks on government buildings in rural stable, and the government’s strategies to
    negotiated with South Africa’s Ministry areas and on members of parliament’s reduce poverty retained the confidence of
    of Education for the introduction of the houses continued. The new constitution the international community. The majority
    Exploring Humanitarian Law programme had not yet been adopted and the ban on of the population, however, continued to
    in schools with a violence problem, as well political parties remained. The country live in poverty. A rice shortage in the first
    as in establishments for juvenile delinquents; continued to suffer from drought, and in three months of 2005, soaring consumer-
    recognized the Comoros Red Crescent,
    November the deputy prime minister goods prices and frequent electricity cuts
    which thus became the 183rd member
    of the Movement. declared it a national disaster. The slump further increased hardship.
    in the textile industry fuelled spiralling
    unemployment, and high HIV/AIDS infec-
    tion rates remained a major problem.

    146
    ICRC ANNUAL REPORT 2005

    MAIN FIGURES AND INDICATORS

    PEOPLE DEPRIVED OF THEIR FREEDOM (All categories/all statuses) 1


    Detainees visited 12,781
    Detainees visited and monitored individually 72
    Number of visits carried out 37
    Number of places of detention visited 23
    RESTORING FAMILY LINKS
    Red Cross messages (RCMs) and reunifications
    RCMs collected 328
    RCMs distributed 542
    Tracing requests, including cases of missing persons
    People for whom a tracing request was newly registered 4
    Tracing requests closed positively (persons located) 3
    Tracing requests still being handled at 31 December 2005 26
    DOCUMENTS ISSUED
    People to whom travel documents were issued 163
    1. Comoros, Lesotho, Madagascar

    ICRC ACTION legislation. The delegation helped South refugees, which was scheduled for demoli-
    African officials draft laws to implement tion by the South African government.
    In Madagascar, the ICRC monitored IHL. Parliament gave the green light to the It distributed and collected RCMs and
    detainees in prisons and made representa- government to ratify the Optional Protocol handed out copies of the Angolan delega-
    tions to the authorities on a regular basis, to the Convention on the Rights of the Child. tion’s Red Cross Gazette, which listed people
    focusing especially on malnutrition and In South Africa, some progress was made searching for or being sought by relatives.
    overcrowding. It also distributed much- towards setting up a national IHL committee. The delegation also urged community lead-
    needed items to detainees. Furthermore, In Swaziland, the authorities approved the ers to encourage refugees to re-establish
    it promoted more efficient coordination creation of a national IHL committee. and maintain contact with their relatives
    between various humanitarian organiza- back home.
    tions working in Madagascan prisons to The ICRC met high-level officials in the
    alleviate the hardships suffered by inmates Comoros, Lesotho, Mauritius and the In March, the delegation sent a team to
    and, to that end, created a working group. Seychelles, who all expressed their support Swaziland to assess the Baphalali Swaziland
    In March, the authorities officially approved for the ICRC and its activities. Red Cross Society’s activities to restore
    a headquarters agreement establishing the family links and to train the National
    ICRC’s mission in Madagascar. Promotion of the Exploring Humanitarian Society staff member in charge of tracing.
    Law (EHL) programme for secondary While in Swaziland, delegates carried out
    The ICRC carried out three visits to Lesotho’s schools bore fruit in Mauritius, the a mission to assess refugees’ living condi-
    central prison and stepped up its contacts Seychelles and South Africa. The ICRC tions and briefed the Department of Home
    with the authorities to urge them to dedi- maintained contact with 11 universities in Affairs and Caritas, which oversaw the
    cate resources to tackling the HIV/AIDS South Africa and 4 universities elsewhere management of the Malinza refugee camp,
    problem in places of detention. Its efforts in the region with the aim of encouraging on the ICRC’s family-links and tracing
    resulted in a simplification of the release IHL instruction in those institutions. activities.
    procedure for terminally ill patients.
    237 RCMs collected from and 521 RCMs
    The Pretoria delegation maintained the CIVILIANS delivered to civilians in the region
    tracing and RCM services to ensure that 3 people located at their families’ request
    refugees and asylum seekers in South Africa The delegation continued to offer the tracing under way for 26 people,
    did not lose contact with their families tracing and RCM services to refugees and including for 4 who were minors at
    and, upon request, provided travel docu- asylum seekers in South Africa wishing the time of disappearance
    ments to those accepted for resettlement in to restore or maintain links with their 163 ICRC travel documents issued
    third countries. The ICRC and the South families in conflict-affected countries. It
    African Red Cross Society adopted a more also provided travel documents to a num-
    structured approach in their cooperation ber of people eligible for resettlement in
    aimed at helping asylum seekers keep in third countries. The ICRC kept in regular
    touch with their relatives. The delegation’s contact with other humanitarian organiza-
    support in this area included training four tions working with refugees and, through
    of the National Society’s tracing officers. this medium, heard of several tracing cases
    which it then followed up.
    The countries of the region were encouraged
    to ratify the full complement of IHL instru- The ICRC visited a refugee camp in North
    ments and to adopt national implementing West Province housing around 6,000 Angolan

    147
    AFRICA PRETORIA

    PEOPLE DEPRIVED second failed attempt in May, three other peo- discussed with the South African
    OF THEIR FREEDOM ple were arrested by Anjouan’s authorities, authorities incorporating the Geneva
    and the ICRC also visited and registered them. Conventions and recognition of
    The ICRC made regular visits to prisons in The authorities notified the delegation of the the National Society into domestic
    Madagascar, Lesotho and the Comoros to release of the four people detained earlier. legislation; worked with the Ministry
    monitor conditions and encouraged the of Foreign Affairs towards setting up
    authorities to make improvements where The ICRC set up a group to enable NGOs a national IHL committee;
    necessary. and other institutions working in the pris- met Lesotho’s national IHL committee;
    ons to coordinate their activities and to in Mauritius, helped the national IHL
    In Madagascar, the ICRC mission regularly discuss the situation with prison authori- committee continue work on drawing
    met the minister of justice and the presi- ties. It also assisted the European Union’s up implementing legislation for the
    dent’s aides to discuss detention conditions, support mission and the Madagascan Rome Statute;
    including the lack of food in many facilities, Ministry of Justice in reducing the number in Madagascar, helped the authorities
    and to promote changes in the penal sys- of detainees in preventive detention. plan the creation of a national IHL
    tem. In addition, it signed an agreement committee;
    with the ministry to work together over the in Madagascar, 11,800 detainees visited, in Swaziland, offered to support
    following three years to improve nutrition including 12 newly registered and government efforts to set up a national
    and hygiene in places of detention. The mis- 44 monitored individually IHL committee;
    sion, in cooperation with the prison author- in Madagascar, 91 RCMs collected from met members of the Comoros’ national
    ities, drew up a plan to improve inmates’ and 20 RCMs delivered to detainees IHL committee to gauge its progress,
    access to basic health services in Madagascan in Lesotho, 952 detainees visited, which was hampered by limited resources
    prisons. Other ICRC efforts to develop the including 2 newly registered and and the run-up to the 2006 elections;
    health care of detainees included the train- 21 monitored individually organized missions to Lesotho,
    ing of prison nurses on how to diagnose in the Comoros, 29 detainees visited, Mauritius, the Seychelles, Swaziland and
    malnutrition and the provision of medical including 7 newly registered and the Comoros to promote awareness of
    equipment to nine detention centres. It 7 monitored individually; 1 RCM the ICRC; met a number of high-level
    trained an engineer working for the detain- delivered officials of governments and some
    ing authorities on the rehabilitation of representing a host of bodies, including
    sanitation installations, water points and the Southern African Development
    kitchens. The ICRC also implemented proj- AUTHORITIES Coordination Conference, diplomatic
    ects in two prisons to improve hygiene con- missions, the UN, the European Union,
    ditions. In addition, an ICRC agronomist The process of ratification and national NGOs working in the region and the
    helped the authorities draw up a three-year implementation of IHL instruments was at Indian Ocean Commission.
    programme to encourage the reopening of different stages in the countries covered by
    prison farms. the Pretoria delegation. Progress in this area
    included: ARMED FORCES AND OTHER
    In Lesotho, the ICRC carried out three visits BEARERS OF WEAPONS
    to the Maseru Central Prison and distrib- the South African parliament’s go-ahead
    uted soap to detainees. It briefed Lesotho’s for the ratification of the Optional In South Africa, which had issued a minis-
    authorities on the need for specific proj- Protocol to the Convention on the Rights terial directive incorporating IHL into mil-
    ects to tackle the problem of HIV/AIDS in of the Child; itary training in 2003, the ICRC continued
    places of detention. The measures sug- Lesotho’s parliamentary decision to to advise the armed forces on integrating
    gested included HIV/AIDS-awareness ses- incorporate the Chemical Weapons the subject into the conduct of operations.
    sions, access to treatment and the release of Convention into national law and its The issue was all the more pressing because
    the terminally ill. Following the briefing, steps taken towards implementing the South Africa was participating in many
    the authorities took some of the proposed 1949 Geneva Conventions, the Ottawa peace-keeping missions.
    steps, such as distributing condoms and Convention and the Rome Statute;
    simplifying the procedures for releasing the drawing up by the Seychelles of 750 South African peace-keepers and
    terminally ill detainees. The ICRC met staff draft implementing legislation for the 24 disarmament monitors attended
    of embassies, UN agencies, NGOs and the Rome Statute, the Chemical Weapons presentations on IHL and the ICRC
    Lesotho Red Cross Society to discuss the Convention and amendments to 160 army instructors and 40 senior
    problem of HIV/AIDS in Lesotho, with a the Geneva Conventions Act. officers briefed on the ICRC
    particular emphasis on places of detention. IHL library donated to the South
    It signed memoranda of understanding Furthermore, the ICRC: African National War College, and
    on the launch of HIV/AIDS projects with training material provided for IHL
    local NGOs, including the Lesotho Planned held the 5th annual regional IHL courses run by the army
    Parenthood Association. seminar, attended by representatives 1 course for 20 medical officers on
    from 15 countries and co-hosted by war surgery held at the military health
    In the Comoros, the authorities arrested the South African authorities; training school
    five people and detained four of them in organized a meeting of Commonwealth
    connection with February’s failed attempt national IHL committees in Nairobi In Lesotho, a new police head requested the
    to overthrow the local government of the (see Nairobi), attended by representatives ICRC’s assistance in adding IHL/human
    island of Anjouan. The ICRC visited and from Lesotho, Mauritius, the Seychelles, rights law to training.
    registered the four detainees. Following a South Africa and Swaziland;

    148
    ICRC ANNUAL REPORT 2005

    In Swaziland, the police authorities said the the 5th pan-African IHL course was
    training timetable was too full and post- attended by 34 participants from
    poned planned ICRC training activities. 17 countries; the 8th Health Emergencies
    in Large Populations (HELP) course was
    The Madagascan authorities issued a direc- attended by 25 people from 12 countries;
    tive integrating IHL into the training of the ICRC publications on IHL were regularly
    armed forces. donated to university contacts;
    a team of students from universities
    1 Madagascan official in charge of in the Indian Ocean islands sponsored
    integrating IHL into military training to attend the 2005 Jean Pictet IHL moot-
    sponsored to attend a course in court competition; 2 South African
    San Remo; 30 senior army officers teams participated in a moot-court
    attended an IHL course; soldiers leaving competition in Arusha, Tanzania.
    for a peace-keeping mission in Sudan
    participated in an IHL seminar
    RED CROSS AND
    RED CRESCENT MOVEMENT
    CIVIL SOCIETY
    The tsunami that hit the Indian Ocean region
    Promoting IHL and the ICRC among prompted the region’s National Societies to
    the media improve their capacities to respond to man-
    in South Africa, the ICRC distributed made and natural disasters. The Comoros
    a newsletter and issued press releases Red Crescent also dealt with the aftermath
    on ICRC activities; of the eruption of the Karthala volcano.
    the ICRC supported the Tshwane
    University of Technology’s move to The ICRC:
    include IHL in its journalism courses;
    the delegation nurtured contacts with recognized the Comoros Red Crescent,
    South African think-tanks and journalists which thus became the 183rd member
    from Lesotho and Swaziland. of the Movement;
    trained 150 emergency-response
    Promoting the EHL programme team members and provided first-aid
    elements of EHL were included in the equipment; helped draw up a plan to
    South African Ministry of Education’s establish stocks of first-aid equipment,
    “Values and Human Rights in the especially in the Comoros and the
    Curriculum” project, now launched Seychelles;
    in all 9 provinces; around 800 teachers organized a cooperation workshop
    attended EHL information sessions; in Pretoria, attended by every National
    the introduction of EHL in schools Society in the region;
    for young offenders, as well as in schools trained tracing officers from several
    with a drug and crime problem, was National Societies;
    discussed with the Ministry of Education; helped the Baphalali Swaziland Red
    the introduction of EHL in schools in Cross organize a presentation on IHL
    the Comoros fell behind schedule owing and the Movement for police officers
    to frequent teacher strikes; selected to serve in UN peace-keeping
    in Mauritius, the authorities agreed missions;
    to introduce the EHL programme in supported the National Societies’
    secondary schools; dissemination activities by helping pay
    in the Seychelles, the education authorities salaries and supplying training and
    began integrating EHL into secondary- information literature;
    school curricula and teacher-training worked to convince the Madagascan
    courses. government to enable the National
    Society to function in accordance with
    Promoting IHL in further education the Movement’s Fundamental Principles;
    courses continued to cooperate with the
    contact was maintained with International Federation in order to
    11 universities in South Africa, as well harmonize the Movement’s activities
    as with universities in the Comoros, in the region.
    Lesotho, Mauritius and Swaziland
    where IHL was taught;
    lectures were delivered on the ICRC
    and IHL at universities in South Africa,
    Lesotho and Mauritius;

    149
    yaoundé
    The ICRC set up its Yaoundé regional delegation
    in 1992 but has been working in the region since
    CHAD
    1972, when it signed a headquarters agreement
    NIGERIA with the authorities in Cameroon. It monitors
    the domestic situation in the countries covered;
    visits security detainees; restores family links for
    CEN T R A L A F R I C A N R E P U B L I C refugees; and in the Central African Republic,
    CAM ERO O N
    Bossembélé Damara rehabilitates water systems neglected or dam-
    MALABO
    YAOUNDÉ
    BANGUI aged during long-term political instability.
    Throughout the region, it pursues longstanding
    EQ UATO R I AL GU I N EA programmes to spread knowledge of IHL
    REPUBLIC DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC
    LIBREVILLE of the of the CONGO among the authorities, armed forces and aca-
    G ABO N CONGO demic institutions and supports the develop-
    ment of the National Societies.

    50O km ICRC/AR.2005
    COVERING
    ICRC regional delegation ICRC mission Cameroon, Central African Republic,
    Equatorial Guinea, Gabon

    EXPENDITURE (IN CHF ,000)


    Protection 703
    Assistance 1,025
    Prevention 1,374 CONTEXT
    Cooperation with National Societies 768
    General - While a number of events in 2005 had the National Council, also staged demonstra-
    potential to improve stability in the region, tions, which led to the temporary arrest of
    3,871 the countries covered by the ICRC Yaoundé some of its supporters.
    of which: Overheads 236 regional delegation remained prone to
    IMPLEMENTATION RATE political and social unrest. In Equatorial Guinea, arrests of people in
    Expenditure/yearly budget 83.8% connection with offences against national
    In the Central African Republic (CAR), the security continued in 2005. The oil-rich
    PERSONNEL
    9 expatriates
    incumbent leader, General Francois Bozizé, economy benefited from the hike in the
    32 national staff (daily workers not included) who seized power by force in March 2003, price of crude oil, but the living conditions
    was elected president after two rounds of of the general population did not improve
    KEY POINTS voting in March and May, which took significantly.
    place amid relative calm. President Bozizé
    In 2005, the ICRC: appointed Elie Doté as prime minister. Gabon’s economy also benefited from rising
    submitted to the president of Equatorial The government faced major challenges. oil prices, but a large proportion of the pop-
    Guinea a detailed confidential report on
    Prolonged internal conflict had left the ulation remained poor and the country wit-
    detention conditions in the country and
    took part in an interministerial round-table, economy and public infrastructure in ruins. nessed some social unrest. In November,
    chaired by the deputy prime minister, The CAR armed forces lacked the resources President Ali Omar Bongo, who had been
    to discuss the report’s findings and to maintain security countrywide, despite in power for 37 years, was re-elected for
    recommendations; the assistance of the Multinational Force of another seven-year term.
    in the CAR, completed the rehabilitation the Central African Economic and Monetary
    of water-treatment plants in 8 urban centres Community (FOMUC) and a small contin- As part of a regional peace-keeping initiative,
    serving 1 million people and initiated
    gent of French troops, as well as the revival the Economic Community of Central African
    a community-based rural water and
    sanitation programme in 2 remote of security cooperation with Cameroon and States (ECCAS) was in the process of estab-
    south-eastern provinces, benefiting some Chad. Crime was rampant in some areas. In lishing a standby military brigade, in line
    20,000 people; the north, armed groups became increas- with a decision taken by the organization in
    organized a two-week pan-African IHL ingly active, clashing with the military and October 2003. During 2005, ECCAS appeared
    course in Yaoundé, attended by lecturers and attacking civilians. This triggered the flight to take over responsibility from the Central
    legal experts from 14 francophone African of some 15,000 people (UNHCR figure) into African Economic and Monetary Community
    countries, to consolidate and spread the
    teaching of IHL in academic institutions;
    neighbouring Chad and the temporary dis- (CEMAC) as the main regional body man-
    maintained the tracing and RCM services placement of several thousand other people dated to preserve peace and security.
    to enable refugees, detainees and any family along the border with Cameroon.
    members separated by internal violence Although UN mediation was ongoing,
    to communicate with relatives; In Cameroon, efforts to rein in public Gabon and Equatorial Guinea had not yet
    continued to assist the armed forces in the spending and improve governance to qual- settled their longstanding dispute over the
    region in integrating IHL into their training
    ify for international debt relief resulted oil-rich island of Mbanié, nor had Nigeria
    and conducted the first sessions on IHL
    for ECCAS military observers; in an increase in the cost of living, which transferred the disputed Bakassi peninsula
    assisted the Central African and Gabonese sparked off sporadic public-sector strikes to Cameroon in accordance with the 2002
    Red Cross Societies in mobilizing first-aiders and student unrest. The banned secession- ruling by the International Court of Justice
    during presidential elections. ist movement, the Southern Cameroon in The Hague.

    150
    ICRC ANNUAL REPORT 2005

    MAIN FIGURES AND INDICATORS

    PEOPLE DEPRIVED OF THEIR FREEDOM (All categories/all statuses) 1 CIVILIANS AND PEOPLE DEPRIVED OF THEIR FREEDOM 2
    Detainees visited 5,353 Water and habitat
    Detainees visited and monitored individually 200 Water-supply schemes and sanitation systems
    Number of visits carried out 58 (completed projects) Beneficiaries 1,000,273
    Number of places of detention visited 26
    RESTORING FAMILY LINKS
    Red Cross messages (RCMs) and reunifications
    RCMs collected 755
    RCMs distributed 534
    Tracing requests, including cases of missing persons
    People for whom a tracing request was newly registered 16
    Tracing requests closed positively (persons located) 13
    Tracing requests still being handled at 31 December 2005 12
    DOCUMENTS ISSUED
    People to whom a detention attestation was issued 8
    1. Cameroon, the CAR and Equatorial Guinea
    2. The CAR only

    ICRC ACTION promotion of IHL, targeting the govern- Bangui in August, some of this material was
    ments, armed forces, academic institutions distributed to needy homeless families,
    The ICRC monitored developments in the and the regional authorities, CEMAC and under the overall coordination of the Central
    region closely and was ready to respond to ECCAS. During 2005, the ICRC conducted African Red Cross Society.
    any urgent needs arising from armed con- its first training sessions for ECCAS mili-
    flict or internal disturbances. For this pur- tary observers, who would be part of the Providing clean water
    pose, it maintained an emergency stock of planned regional peace-keeping brigade. It The ICRC completed its project, initiated
    medical supplies and essential household also organized a two-week pan-African IHL in 2003, to upgrade water-treatment plants
    items, some of which was distributed to course, drawing lecturers and legal experts in Bangui and seven other urban centres
    flood victims in Bangui in the CAR. The from 14 African countries. (Bambari, Berberati, Bossangoa, Bouar,
    ICRC also received the green light from the Bozoum, Carnot and Ndele), thus restoring
    authorities to open an office in early 2006 In coordination with the International a supply of clean drinking water to around
    in Bata in Equatorial Guinea, giving the Federation and partner National Societies 1 million people. The plants had been in a
    organization a broader and more balanced working in the region, the ICRC continued state of disrepair after prolonged political
    presence in the region. to support the Red Cross Societies in the instability and the fighting and looting
    four countries covered in developing their that preceded the overthrow of the govern-
    The ICRC completed its three-year project structures and activities. ment in March 2003. The ICRC repaired
    with the CAR national water board the buildings, provided the necessary mater-
    (SODECA) to rehabilitate the water sys- To ensure effective coordination of human- ials and equipment and trained SODECA
    tems in eight urban centres. The facilities itarian activities, the ICRC stayed in regular personnel to maintain the plants. During
    had fallen into disrepair because of long- contact with the aid organizations work- 2004 and 2005, the organization also pro-
    term political instability. At the same ing in related fields, notably UNHCHR, vided SODECA with piping, clamps and
    time, the ICRC initiated a community-based UNHCR, UNICEF and WFP. training to repair leaks in the water-
    programme to improve access to water and distribution network of the eight towns.
    raise public health standards in two remote Despite these initiatives, the plants still
    south-eastern CAR provinces. CIVILIANS occasionally broke down or the water sup-
    ply was limited because of a lack of fuel
    The delegation continued to visit detention Protecting civilians to power the stations, combined with per-
    facilities in the region, monitoring the The security situation remained precari- sistent structural problems within SODECA.
    treatment and living conditions of secu- ous in the CAR, especially in the north (see It was not possible to extend Bangui’s water-
    rity detainees and informing the author- Context). The ICRC continued to monitor distribution network into poorer neigh-
    ities, in confidence, of its findings and the situation and to foster a dialogue with bourhoods, as planned, because SODECA
    recommendations. the authorities and armed forces on the need failed to repair the leaks in the main net-
    to protect civilians from the effects of armed work. The ICRC planned to continue to
    The tracing and RCM services were main- violence, in accordance with the relevant organize training to improve the skills and
    tained in the region to enable refugees, laws and humanitarian norms. efficiency of SODECA staff so that the water
    detainees and any family members sepa- board could eventually build the extension.
    rated by internal violence to communicate Emergency preparedness
    with relatives. As in past years, the ICRC maintained a Following assessments, the ICRC also
    stock of emergency supplies to be ready to initiated a community-based water and
    An ongoing priority in the countries meet the needs of up to 500 families affected sanitation programme in rural areas of the
    covered by the regional delegation was the by armed violence. Following floods in south-eastern provinces of Basse Koto and

    151
    AFRICA YAOUNDÉ

    Mbomou. These provinces had the highest water-supply systems and toilets and show- AUTHORITIES
    population density in the CAR and had ers in three detention facilities in Bangui.
    been cut off from the rest of the country After visits to detainees, the ICRC reported The countries of the region had ratified
    during the 15 months of instability that its findings and recommendations, in con- a number of main IHL treaties but had
    preceded the overthrow of the government fidence, to the authorities concerned. not yet incorporated many of their key
    in March 2003. Religious missions and provisions into domestic law. To support
    the CAR Red Cross were the only organi- In Equatorial Guinea, the ICRC submitted the implementation process, the ICRC:
    zations still present in the area. Using the a confidential written report on 14 April to
    WHO-developed Participatory Hygiene the president, detailing its findings and rec- held sessions on IHL implementation
    and Sanitation Transformation (PHAST) ommendations based on regular visits to in Gabon for some 30 members
    guidelines, the ICRC, together with the water 17 detention facilities between October 2002 of parliament and in the CAR for
    and health authorities, trained 21 CAR Red and February 2005. Copies of this report 14 government legal advisers;
    Cross personnel to mobilize communities and four others were distributed to the in Cameroon, helped draft a decree
    to improve their water points, sanitation minister of foreign affairs and representa- to establish a national committee on
    facilities and hygiene practices. The volun- tives of the defence, justice and security the implementation of IHL and provided
    teers started work in more than 40 districts ministries. The ICRC discussed the report technical expertise to officials working
    or villages. By year end, nine villages with individually with the president and min- towards the ratification of various
    a functioning health centre had pro- istry officials, then in November took IHL treaties;
    posed projects to the ICRC, sites for eight part in an interministerial round-table, provided expertise on the incorporation
    boreholes had been selected, and the com- chaired by the deputy prime minister, to of sanctions against grave breaches
    munities had gathered locally available discuss measures to implement the report’s of IHL into the penal codes of the CAR
    construction materials. recommendations. and Gabon, which were being revised,
    and on the implementation of the
    water-treatment plants in 8 urban centres In Cameroon, the ICRC gave presentations Rome Statute, ratified by both countries
    rehabilitated, serving 1 million people on its mandate and standard procedures in 1998.
    a rural water and sanitation programme for detention visits during courses held in
    initiated, benefiting some 20,000 people January and May for some 560 trainee civil The ICRC also developed contacts initiated
    servants at the National School of Penal in 2004 with CEMAC and ECCAS, regional
    Restoring family links Administration in Buéa. It also took part bodies mandated to preserve peace and
    The ICRC continued to provide tracing and in a three-day workshop in Douala, organ- security in the region. Discussions covered
    RCM services, enabling refugees in the ized by UNHCHR, during which senior a variety of humanitarian issues, as well as
    region to locate and exchange news with personnel of the penal administrations of IHL training for the future ECCAS regional
    relatives left behind. This primarily con- eight ECCAS countries discussed solutions to standby brigade.
    cerned refugees in the CAR from Sudan and longstanding detention issues in the region.
    the Democratic Republic of the Congo, most
    of whom were living in urban centres or in 5,353 detainees visited, including ARMED FORCES AND OTHER
    Mboki and Molangui camps respectively. In 200 monitored individually (83 of them BEARERS OF WEAPONS
    Cameroon, the ICRC located the parents of newly registered), in 26 detention
    two child refugees and was preparing to facilities during 58 visits in Cameroon, In Cameroon, IHL had been integrated into
    reunite the families in their home countries the CAR and Equatorial Guinea armed forces doctrine but was not yet part
    of the CAR and Rwanda. 157 RCMs delivered to detainees and of all training programmes. To support
    29 RCMs collected for delivery to their armed forces IHL training in Cameroon,
    324 RCMs delivered and 506 RCMs families the ICRC:
    collected in the CAR, 123 and 185 in 273 inmates in the CAR benefited from
    Cameroon and 1 and 2 in Equatorial water and sanitation projects conducted a one-week course on IHL
    Guinea and peace-keeping operations for
    in Cameroon, 13 people located at 26 Cameroonian officers and a two-day
    their families’ request WOUNDED AND SICK session in Yaoundé on the same topic
    for 12 ECCAS military observers
    As in past years, the ICRC positioned from Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea
    PEOPLE DEPRIVED medical supplies in Bangui to distribute to and Gabon;
    OF THEIR FREEDOM hospitals in the event of an influx of war- sponsored a high-ranking officer
    wounded. There was no need to distribute to participate in an IHL course in
    The ICRC regularly visited detention facil- the stocks during 2005. However, supplies San Remo;
    ities in Cameroon, the CAR and Equatorial nearing their expiry date were donated for provided 18 military training
    Guinea, monitoring the treatment and immediate use to two hospitals in Bangui, centres with IHL flip charts for use
    living conditions of security detainees and and the emergency stock was replenished. as teaching aids;
    the health and welfare of the general prison gave 5 presentations on IHL and
    population. During detention visits, the the ICRC to 125 officers at the French-
    ICRC offered detainees the RCM service supported Awaé centre, which trained
    so that they could communicate with their police and security forces from African
    families and distributed, as needed, medical francophone countries.
    supplies, soap, cleaning agents, mosquito
    nets and clothing. It also upgraded the

    152
    ICRC ANNUAL REPORT 2005

    The restructured CAR armed forces had Humanitarian Law programme in the State The Cameroon Red Cross Society:
    begun integrating IHL into training, in line secondary-school curriculum, which was
    with a standing order issued by the army being revised. It was agreed that the ICRC delivered and collected RCMs for
    chief of staff in 2004. A FOMUC contingent would organize an introductory presenta- refugees;
    was also helping maintain law and order in tion on the programme for senior ministry administered first aid to victims
    the country. To support IHL training in the officials in early 2006. of unrest or natural disaster;
    CAR in 2005, the ICRC: trained 42 branch communication
    Promoting IHL through the media officers, maintained a new website
    conducted a one-week IHL course The ICRC kept in regular contact with and produced newsletters and radio
    for 15 armed forces instructors and media in the region, issuing press releases programmes.
    sponsored an instructor to participate and distributing a newsletter to raise pub-
    in an IHL seminar in San Remo; lic awareness of humanitarian principles The Equatorial Guinea Red Cross Society:
    provided materials to assist in and the plight of victims of conflict in
    producing a military IHL instruction Africa. It also gave talks and organized work- ran community water and sanitation
    manual; shops on IHL for 14 journalists from the projects, benefiting some 1,000 people;
    gave introductory IHL presentations CAR and 50 from Cameroon. provided first-aid services at the scene
    to 40 gendarmerie officers, 144 republican of a plane crash in Malabo;
    guard and gendarmerie recruits and produced radio programmes.
    180 FOMUC personnel. RED CROSS AND
    RED CRESCENT MOVEMENT
    In Equatorial Guinea and Gabon, defence
    officials reacted favourably to the ICRC’s The ICRC provided a combination of
    offer to renew cooperation and develop funds, materials, equipment and training to
    IHL training in 2006. As part of this process, help the National Societies in the region to
    the ICRC held a one-week IHL course in strengthen their emergency-response and
    Gabon for 20 military and gendarmerie tracing activities and skills in promoting
    instructors. IHL and the Fundamental Principles.

    During 2005, the Central African Red


    CIVIL SOCIETY Cross Society was gradually rebuilding its
    infrastructure and resuming activities.
    Supporting IHL teaching The Red Cross Societies of Cameroon and
    The ICRC continued to support the efforts Equatorial Guinea remained active on sev-
    of academic institutions in the region to eral fronts, responding to emergencies and,
    teach IHL so that young people, as future in the case of Equatorial Guinea, carrying out
    leaders and decision-makers, understood community water and sanitation projects.
    and supported that body of law. In The Gabonese Red Cross Society showed
    March, the ICRC organized its second signs of emerging from internal problems.
    pan-African course on IHL, held over two It elected a new president and national
    weeks in Yaoundé for 24 lecturers and legal committee in October and, with ICRC
    advisers from 14 African countries, includ- material support, stationed some 300 first-
    ing Cameroon, the CAR and Gabon. The aiders at polling stations countrywide
    course aimed to deepen the knowledge in November.
    and teaching skills of IHL lecturers and
    provide other teachers with the tools to During 2005, with ICRC support, the CAR
    initiate IHL courses. Red Cross:

    With ongoing ICRC material and technical assisted several thousand flood
    support, four out of five of Cameroon’s victims in Bangui;
    State university law faculties taught IHL, stationed some 200 first-aiders at
    the latest addition being the University polling stations in violence-prone
    of Dschang, which set up an IHL course in regions;
    2005. In the CAR, the University of Bangui was rebuilding its headquarters in
    and the civil service college taught IHL Bangui, damaged during the March
    and were planning to expand their pro- 2003 overthrow of the government;
    grammes. In Gabon, the ICRC initiated together with the Cameroonian
    talks with the civil service college on the Red Cross, established a contingency
    introduction of IHL, and the two lectur- plan of action to respond to needs
    ers who attended the pan-African course in the event of violence along
    received IHL teaching materials. their shared border and organized
    emergency-response training for
    The ICRC also met representatives of some 700 volunteers.
    Cameroon’s Ministry of Secondary Education
    to discuss the introduction of the Exploring

    153
    DELEGATIONS REGIONAL DELEGATIONS
    Afghanistan Bangkok
    Indonesia Beijing
    Myanmar Kuala Lumpur
    Nepal New Delhi
    Pakistan Suva
    Philippines Tashkent
    Sri Lanka
    Till Mayer/International Federation

    ASIA AND
    The year 2005 saw the ICRC mount two large-scale assistance operations
    to help tens of thousands of victims of natural disasters in conflict and
    post-conflict areas of Asia. THE PACIFIC
    DEM. PEOPLE’S REP.
    OF KOREA (DPRK) JAPAN
    KAZAKHSTAN MONGOLIA

    UZBEKISTAN REP.
    OF KOREA (ROK)
    KYRGYZ REP.
    TURKMENISTAN
    TAJIKISTAN
    ICRC delegation
    CHINA
    ICRC regional delegation
    AFGHANISTAN ICRC mission
    PAKISTAN BHUTAN
    NEPAL

    BANGLADESH PHILIPPINES

    MYANMAR LAOS
    INDIA
    VIETNAM
    THAILAND

    CAMBODIA
    BRUNEI
    MALAYSIA
    TIMOR LESTE

    MALDIVES SRI LANKA SINGAPORE

    PALAU
    INDONESIA

    FEDERATED STATES OF MICRONESIA


    EXPENDITURE (IN CHF ,000)
    NAURU
    Protection TUVALU
    SOLOMON ISLANDS
    38,432
    PAPUA NEW GUINEA
    Assistance SAMOA
    TIMOR LESTE
    148,207
    VANUATU
    Prevention FIJI

    21,327
    NEW CALEDONIA TONGA
    Cooperation with National Societies INDONESIA

    15,710
    General AUSTRALIA

    209

    223,886 of which: Overheads 12,596


    NEW ZEALAND

    Implementation rate
    91.7%
    ASIA AND THE PACIFIC INTRODUCTION

    While large areas of the continent benefited through military and security operations The ICRC continued its operations to pro-
    from the growing prosperity of Asia’s lead- or through law enforcement at regional or tect and assist victims of conflict in Asia.
    ing economies in 2005, millions of Asians national level, still had an influence on Its activities in tracing, health, assistance
    struggled to survive and rebuild families, internal tensions or conflicts and relations and economic security often relied on close
    communities, homes and economies devas- between States. cooperation with the host-country National
    tated by natural disaster. In coastal areas of Society, most notably in Afghanistan,
    Indonesia, Sri Lanka, India, Thailand and Prospects for an end to the conflict in Aceh Indonesia, Nepal and the Philippines;
    other countries in or on the Indian Ocean, improved substantially with the signing by alongside, the ICRC continued to help
    survivors strove to overcome the destruc- the Indonesian government and the Free Asian National Societies develop their
    tion wrought by the tsunami that hit just Aceh Movement of a memorandum of capacities in these areas, as well as in com-
    days before the beginning of 2005. Then, understanding in Helsinki in August and munication and the promotion of IHL. As
    in October 2005, millions more lost family the subsequent deployment of inter- inter-Korean Red Cross talks had not yet
    or homes when towns and villages in the vast national monitors. found a long-term solution for restoring
    mountainous areas of northern Pakistan contact between family members separated
    and India were flattened by a severe earth- Progress was tenuous in other areas strug- for over 50 years, the ICRC reiterated its
    quake. In Aceh, Sri Lanka and Pakistan- gling to emerge from long-standing con- willingness to work with the National
    administered Kashmir, the effects of these flicts. Parliamentary elections in September Societies on the peninsula towards that end.
    disasters added to the poverty and damage officially marked the end of Afghanistan’s
    to infrastructure already caused by pro- political transition, as outlined in the Bonn Internationally active National Societies
    longed conflict. Accord, but armed conflict heated up in the (including those from the region, particu-
    south and east, and poor security seriously larly Australia and Japan) made an impor-
    These disasters were severe blows in the hampered reconstruction across large areas. tant contribution to the ICRC’s operations,
    otherwise steady but dynamic evolution of The ceasefire held in Sri Lanka, but political either working in partnership on particu-
    Asian politics and economics. Prospects tensions mounted and internal violence lar projects or donating staff and materials.
    improved for many millions of people as escalated as the peace progress stagnated. This support proved especially key to the
    large areas of the continent experienced ICRC’s emergency relief operations.
    economic growth. As China and India Other conflicts on the continent dragged
    integrated further into the global economy on. In Nepal, clashes between the The ICRC’s delegations in Nepal and the
    and made rapid technological progress, Communist Party of Nepal-Maoist and the Philippines benefited from widespread
    trade relations helped cut across geograph- government escalated, and a “royal coup” confidence in the organization’s neutrality
    ical and ideological barriers to reinforce in February 2005 seriously affected human and independence, which enabled them to
    stability. At the same time, such rapid rights and the overall political situation in work safely and effectively to reach more
    growth intensified the competition for the country. The major political parties and civilians, detainees and wounded or sick
    energy resources and global markets, the Maoists agreed for the first time to people and address their problems more
    affecting both internal politics and foreign cooperate on the political level to oppose effectively. In Sri Lanka, where it also
    relations in resource-rich countries such the monarchy. While official statistics enjoyed good access and acceptance by all
    as the Central Asian States, Myanmar and reported a drop in deaths in Jammu and parties, the ICRC expanded its conflict-
    Indonesia. Fast economic growth also Kashmir, violence there still took a heavy related activities as tensions escalated,
    accentuated income disparities, encourag- toll on civilians. Insurgencies continued in making sure that it was ready to respond if
    ing large-scale migration within and Myanmar and the Philippines. the ceasefire broke down. An increased
    between countries. presence in southern Thailand also allowed
    Attacks and other disturbances threatened the ICRC to react better to problems
    These and other economic, social and polit- stability in a number of other Asian coun- developing there.
    ical factors shaped the continent’s complex tries. Violence escalated in southern
    and changing strategic environment. Thailand, and in Pakistan, there were more
    Organizations such as the Association of armed confrontations in Waziristan and
    Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) and the Baluchistan. “Terrorist” acts caused suf-
    Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) fering among civilians in Afghanistan,
    strengthened regional cooperation. The Indonesia, Bangladesh and Pakistan.
    inter-Korean dialogue resumed, and China
    played a key role in confronting the issue
    of nuclear build-up on the peninsula.
    Exchanges between China and Taiwan
    increased, albeit without significant progress
    towards a resolution of the stand-off over
    Taiwan’s status. Japan debated the role of its
    Self-Defense Forces and kept its lead in
    international development and emergency
    relief. Confidence-building measures and
    the composite dialogue on Kashmir brought
    India and Pakistan closer, reducing regional
    and international anxiety over the risk of a
    nuclear confrontation. Global and regional
    efforts to combat “terrorism”, whether

    156
    ICRC ANNUAL REPORT 2005

    In Afghanistan, where it was unsafe to in Beijing during the year was an important Already working in Aceh, Sri Lanka and
    travel in large parts of the country, field step in this direction. Established on the Pakistan-administered Kashmir in connec-
    operations were seriously constrained basis of a headquarters agreement signed tion with conflicts there, the ICRC reacted
    by security conditions. Still able to operate during the year, the regional delegation immediately when these areas were hit by
    in major cities, the ICRC visited most took over responsibility for activities in massive natural disasters. Drawing on the
    detainees/internees, helping the authori- China, the DPRK, the Republic of Korea resources of its own global network of
    ties improve their treatment and condi- and Mongolia (all previously managed by operations, as well as those of key inter-
    tions. It also supported health facilities and the Bangkok regional delegation). This nationally active National Societies, it quickly
    enhanced water supply in urban areas. In made it easier to expand support for physi- expanded the staff and logistic networks
    India, it continued to visit detainees held cal rehabilitation services in China and the that it had in place and mounted extensive
    in connection with the situation in Jammu DPRK. In its relations with Japan, the ICRC relief operations. It worked closely with
    and Kashmir. entered a new phase of dialogue with key host Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies
    ministries and developed its relations and and coordinated with the authorities and
    In the Democratic People’s Republic of activities with the Self-Defense Forces and the many other national and international
    Korea (DPRK), Laos, Myanmar, Pakistan, civil society. organizations in place to improve shelter,
    Tajikistan and Uzbekistan, either govern- water, hygiene, nutrition or medical serv-
    ment restrictions or a difficulty establishing Around the continent, the ICRC continued ices for hundreds of thousands of disaster
    dialogue with some parties limited the to work at the national level with authori- victims and to restore family contacts.
    reach of the ICRC’s activities for detainees ties, armed forces, academic circles and Knowledge of conflict-related issues and
    and/or civilians. The ICRC endeavoured to media to promote adherence to and com- risks, together with the good working rela-
    overcome these constraints, but in Myanmar, pliance with IHL. Its Regional Resource tions and trust established with the dif-
    Tajikistan and Uzbekistan, its dialogue with Centre in Kuala Lumpur expanded and ferent parties to the conflict, enabled the
    the authorities was still in a stalemate at further developed the technical services organization to effectively monitor secu-
    the end of the year. and professional expertise that it provided rity and provide guidance to different com-
    to support and coordinate these efforts in ponents of the Movement participating in
    In these countries, as in many of Asia’s East and South-East Asia. The ICRC also disaster relief in these areas, whether as part
    emerging powers, IHL was not well rooted worked through multilateral forums such of ICRC operations or independently. The
    as a standard for responding to humanitar- as ASEAN, the ASEAN Regional Forum, the ICRC also played a key role in other
    ian problems. The ICRC pursued a broad SCO, the Pacific Forum and the Asian- Movement coordination mechanisms
    strategy to develop dialogue with the offi- African Legal Consultative Organization to designed to ensure coherence of approach
    cials, institutions, groups and forces that build regional momentum for enforcing and avoid duplication or gaps in coverage.
    influenced policy and opinion in Asia. IHL. At conferences held in New Delhi, By mid-year, the post-tsunami emergency
    Opening a regional delegation for East Asia Beijing and Kuala Lumpur, the ICRC intro- phase was over and the ICRC, though
    duced its recent study on customary inter- retaining its role in coordination, turned
    national humanitarian law. During meetings over most of its relief operations to other
    with the presidents of China, Indonesia and actors so it could again concentrate on
    Pakistan, the ICRC president highlighted issues related to conflict. In Kashmir, the
    humanitarian issues and garnered support ICRC prepared itself to make the transition
    for the ICRC’s activities. from emergency assistance to rehabilitation
    when winter was over. The costs of these
    two disaster relief operations were covered
    through large budget extensions.

    157
    afghanistan
    UZBEKISTAN Having assisted victims of the Afghan conflict
    TURKMENISTAN
    for six years in Pakistan, the ICRC opened a del-
    Mashhad TAJIKISTAN egation in Kabul in 1987. Its current operations
    focus on: protecting detainees and helping them
    IRAN
    Mazar-i-Sharif Faizabad keep in contact with their families; assisting the
    Herat
    disabled; supporting hospital care; improving
    Bamiyan
    Gulbahar water and sanitation services; promoting acces-
    AFGH AN I STAN KABUL Jalalabad sion to and implementation of IHL treaties and
    Peshawar compliance with IHL by military forces; and
    ISLAMABAD strengthening the Afghan Red Crescent Society.
    Kandahar

    Quetta

    PAKISTAN

    200 km
    ICRC/AR.2005

    ICRC delegation ICRC sub-delegation ICRC office


    ICRC prosthetic/orthotic centre

    EXPENDITURE (IN CHF ,000)


    Protection 4,941
    Assistance 29,034
    Prevention 2,905 CONTEXT
    Cooperation with National Societies 3,607
    General - Parliamentary elections in September marked uncommon, increased drastically and
    the end of the political process laid out in occurred in most of the country’s major
    40,487 the Bonn Accord. The new parliament met cities. Political and factional rivalries, dis-
    of which: Overheads 2,471 for the first time on 19 December. content among former fighters, and the
    IMPLEMENTATION RATE drugs trade fuelled the violence.
    Expenditure/yearly budget 92.9% Prior to the inauguration of parliament,
    President Karzai signed a long-term strate- In May, following reports of abuse of the
    PERSONNEL
    57 expatriates
    gic security partnership with the United Koran at the US detention facility at
    1,141 national staff (daily workers not included) States, calling a loya jirga (grand council) to Guantanamo Bay in Cuba, 16 protesters
    ratify the agreement. were killed in anti-Western riots in
    KEY POINTS Jalalabad. Insecurity further restricted
    To help stabilize the country, the NATO-led access to many areas of the country, partic-
    In 2005, the ICRC: International Security Assistance Force ularly in the south and east, and limited the
    visited and monitored individually 2,289 (ISAF) expanded to cover new areas in reach and effectiveness of the government.
    security detainees or internees held by US or
    the west of Afghanistan, with plans to
    Afghan authorities and helped the detainees
    keep in contact with their families; extend to the south in 2006. The Afghan While contributing to flooding, mudslides
    assessed all 33 provincial prisons to National Army continued to grow, reaching and avalanches, heavy snow and rain
    identify priorities for rehabilitation and almost 30,000 soldiers, with units deployed refilled aquifers depleted earlier by drought,
    reconstruction, reported its findings to the throughout the country. which led to a good harvest.
    Ministry of Justice and made the report
    available to potential donors to mobilize The first phase of the disarmament and
    their support for the effort;
    demobilization process ended officially on
    supported the National Society in
    developing its activities and strengthening 30 June, with more than 58,000 fighters
    its institutional base; reportedly disarmed. The next phase, called
    ran physical rehabilitation services around the Disarmament of Illegal Armed Groups,
    the country, upgraded water supply and started midyear and targeted an estimated
    promoted hygiene for over 220,000 people 80,000 weapon bearers.
    living in major cities and supported key
    hospitals that admitted over 46,000 patients;
    advised the Afghan National Army on its
    Although there was the usual lull in vio-
    plan for integrating IHL into the regular lence over the winter, attacks and clashes
    training of Afghan troops; started up again in the spring. Occurring
    provided staff, materials and vehicles for in many areas but particularly in the south
    the ICRC’s earthquake relief in Pakistan. and east, the violence often targeted the
    government or international forces. It
    intensified as the year progressed, claiming
    some 1,500 lives in all – by far the highest
    casualty rate since the fall of the Taliban
    regime in late 2001. Kidnapping was a seri-
    ous threat, and suicide attacks, previously

    158
    ICRC ANNUAL REPORT 2005

    MAIN FIGURES AND INDICATORS

    PEOPLE DEPRIVED OF THEIR FREEDOM (All categories/all statuses) CIVILIANS AND PEOPLE DEPRIVED OF THEIR FREEDOM
    Detainees visited 8,711 Water and habitat
    Detainees visited and monitored individually 2,289 Water-supply schemes and sanitation systems
    Number of visits carried out 203 (completed projects) Beneficiaries 223,987
    Number of places of detention visited 74 Habitat structures Beneficiaries 948
    RESTORING FAMILY LINKS WOUNDED AND SICK
    Red Cross messages (RCMs) and reunifications Hospitals supported Structures 8
    RCMs collected 8,078 Admissions Patients 46,166
    RCMs distributed 8,819 Operations Operations performed 19,740
    Tracing requests, including cases of missing persons Physical rehabilitation
    People for whom a tracing request was newly registered 206 Patients receiving services Patients 55,877
    Tracing requests closed positively (persons located) 131 Prostheses delivered Pieces 4,511
    Tracing requests still being handled at 31 December 2005 169 Orthoses delivered Pieces 9,462
    DOCUMENTS ISSUED
    People to whom travel documents were issued 3
    People to whom a detention attestation was issued 39

    ICRC ACTION encourage Afghanistan to accede to the Restoring family links


    1977 Additional Protocols and offered its Working closely with the Afghan Red
    The protection of detainees and internees technical assistance in so doing. Crescent, the ICRC continued to help family
    remained the ICRC’s first priority, and the members separated by conflict to maintain
    organization continued its visits to detainees Aiming to re-establish itself as one of the links through the exchange of RCMs,
    held both by Afghan and US authorities. country’s main humanitarian actors, the mostly between internees/detainees and
    While scaling back assistance activities as Afghan Red Crescent embarked on a their families. It also helped families trace
    government and international programmes process of reform at both institutional and relatives with whom they had lost contact.
    developed, the ICRC maintained substan- operational levels. Both the ICRC and the
    tial assistance programmes in 2005: its International Federation backed this initia- 6,221 RCMs delivered to and
    prosthetic/orthotic centres provided physi- tive and provided the National Society with 4,466 collected from civilians
    cal rehabilitation services to nearly 56,000 technical and financial support. 131 people located for their families;
    amputees and other disabled people, and its tracing cases opened for 206 people
    work on city water supply and sanitation Following the earthquake in Kashmir in 169 tracing cases pending
    improved health conditions in neighbour- October, the ICRC in Afghanistan gave sub-
    hoods housing hundreds of thousands of stantial support to earthquake relief in Reducing the impact of mines
    people. The ICRC also supported hospitals Pakistan. Expatriate and national staff, Mines and explosive remnants of war
    not yet covered by government schemes. As vehicles and relief goods dispatched by the (ERW) affected thousands of communities
    government coverage of hospitals increased, delegation reached Pakistan-administered and killed or maimed an average of over
    it scaled back its hospital assistance, hand- Kashmir within days of the earthquake. two people a day. Attacks on deminers
    ing three of the hospitals it was supporting slowed mine clearance in some areas.
    over to the Ministry of Public Health.
    Some 200 ICRC and Afghan Red Crescent
    ICRC activities focused largely on cities, CIVILIANS staff members and community volunteers
    which remained accessible throughout combined mine-risk education with data
    the year. Staff movements were seriously Protection of the civilian population collection, providing the UN with about
    restricted in rural areas, especially in the Few allegations of violations of IHL were 95% of the information it received on mine
    south and the east of the country, where all reported to the ICRC by the population in casualties. By reporting contaminated sites
    but Kandahar and Jalalabad remained off- 2005. However, without access to much of directly to UN Area Mine Action Centres,
    limits to both national and expatriate staff. the south and east, the ICRC was unable to the HALO Trust, the Danish Demining
    ICRC property was damaged in riots in monitor first hand the impact on civilians Group, Handicap International and other
    Jalalabad, and much of the expatriate staff of ongoing military operations in these areas. demining agencies, they also helped priori-
    there was temporarily withdrawn until tize clearance. The ICRC analysed the
    October. Disaster relief information gleaned from the data in order
    By drawing on its emergency stocks of food to identify trends, and shared its findings
    The ICRC supported the Afghan National and basic items such as blankets, tarpaulins with others involved in mine action. There
    Army in drawing up a national plan to con- and jerrycans, the ICRC provided material were 13% fewer incidents recorded than in
    duct its own IHL training. The plan was and logistical support to Afghan Red 2004, but the data collected from the south
    formalized by ministerial order at the end Crescent/International Federation opera- and east was not complete.
    of November and was due to begin tions for the victims of flooding and other
    implementation in 2006. The ICRC kept natural disasters. ICRC/Afghan Red Crescent mine-risk edu-
    up contacts with government ministries to cation was conducted in the northern,

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    ASIA AND THE PACIFIC AFGHANISTAN

    central and eastern provinces and focused PEOPLE DEPRIVED mobilize donor support for the effort, the
    on rural communities, women and truck OF THEIR FREEDOM ICRC drafted a technical assessment report,
    and bus drivers. In Jalalabad, Kabul, Mazar- making recommendations for upgrading
    i-Sharif and Herat, the mine-action pro- Internees in US custody facilities in all 33 provincial prisons in
    gramme trained 206 community health The ICRC made regular visits to internees Afghanistan. It also held seminars in Kabul,
    workers from other organizations, as well as held by the United States in Kandahar and Herat and Mazar-i-Sharif for senior offi-
    its own staff. at the Bagram Air Base; both facilities were cials of the Ministries of Justice and Public
    enlarged early in the year, although the one Health and the Attorney-General's Office,
    209 areas suspected of mine contami- in Kandahar was closed in July. In accor- as well as for directors and health staff of
    nation reported to deminers dance with its standard procedures, the provincial prisons. The seminars encour-
    801 mine/ERW incidents recorded: ICRC assessed the treatment and conditions aged cooperation between the departments
    93% involved civilians and 44% involved of the internees both in locations visited and ministries involved in detention and
    children, 50% caused by unexploded and, via interviews, in the firebases where enhanced expertise on the treatment of
    ordnance some internees were held before arriving detainees, prison hygiene and health care
    over 311,000 people, more than half there. The ICRC relayed its findings, obser- and vocational and educational activities
    children, attended mine-risk education vations and recommendations to the US for inmates.
    sessions held in some 4,000 locations authorities, including to the US embassy
    and the commander-in-chief of the Coalition 7,579 detainees visited, including
    Upgrading water supply Forces in Afghanistan. 1,222 monitored individually (including
    and sanitation 703 newly registered, 8 women and
    Although the government and international The United States released 686 internees, 47 minors) in 188 visits to 72 places of
    donors had extensive plans for developing and the ICRC was present for their handover detention
    city water-supply systems, poor security to the Afghan government. The ICRC 746 RCMs delivered to and
    and a shortage of skilled labour hampered repatriated 3 released internees. It continued 1,526 collected from detainees
    implementation. By 2005, half of the to urge the US authorities to notify the 1,635 detainees benefited from
    planned projects had not been financed, ICRC of all arrests and to encourage them improvements to prison water supply
    and many city-dwellers still relied on shallow to establish a legal framework for all persons or sanitation facilities in 15 places of
    wells. Rising water tables filled old wells in their custody. detention
    that had run dry during the drought, but
    the water was often contaminated. Under 1,132 internees visited, including
    an agreement with the Ministry of Urban 1,067 monitored individually (including WOUNDED AND SICK
    Development, the ICRC worked with the 31 minors; 595 newly registered) in
    water boards in Kabul, Mazar-i-Sharif, 15 visits to 2 places of detention Supporting hospital services
    Herat, Jalalabad and Kandahar to improve 471 internees monitored individually By the end of 2005, people living in some of
    water supply in areas not covered by larger still in custody by end of 2005, including the poorest areas of the country still had no
    city water schemes. Such programmes con- 20 minors access to primary-health-care services, and
    centrated on the shantytowns often inhab- 1,852 RCMs delivered to and donors backing the Basic Package of Health
    ited by returnees and other disadvantaged 2,086 collected from internees Services were looking for NGOs to extend
    groups. A survey of neighbourhoods tar- coverage in underserved districts. The
    geted confirmed the need for better water Detainees in Afghan custody Essential Package of Hospital Services, the
    quality and health practices: 60% of those The planned prison rehabilitation pro- national plan for provision of secondary
    surveyed drank contaminated water and gramme progressed very slowly, and health care, was adopted during the year.
    nearly 25% walked more than 100 metres Afghan prisons continued to fill. The ICRC Having supported major Afghan medical
    to collect water; although diarrhoea was followed security detainees individually, facilities for over a decade, the ICRC took
    common, 40% did not know how to prevent assessing their treatment and conditions part in the Hospital Management Task
    it and even fewer knew how to treat it. and helping them keep in touch with their Force and made substantial contributions
    families via the RCM network. Once they to the development of the plan.
    The ICRC drilled 100 wells and equipped were released, the delegation covered the
    them with hand pumps, improved net- cost of their transport home. Because of The ICRC continued to provide medical
    works and municipal water schemes and their special vulnerability, the ICRC also and other supplies, blood-bank and labora-
    conducted sessions to promote better monitored foreigners, women and minors tory equipment, fuel and, as needed, staff
    hygiene. In most cities, residents helped dig individually. At the request of foreign incentives to enable some key hospitals to
    ditches for the pipes to be laid in their detainees, the ICRC notified their countries deliver much-needed services. The ICRC
    neighbourhoods. Some projects were of origin of their detention and helped handed the hospitals it supported in
    delayed by logistic or security problems, them to travel home after their release. Ghazni, Taloqan and Kabul over to the
    but by the end of the year work was in Ministry of Public Health during the year;
    progress on projects expected to improve To improve the overall conditions in the its support to hospitals in Shiberghan,
    water supply for over 414,000 people. These prisons it visited, the ICRC upgraded water Jalalabad (Public Health Hospital-1) and
    included projects in 10 villages around and sanitation facilities and distributed Kandahar (Mir Wais) continued all year. In
    Bamyan which improved the supply of water hygiene articles and winter clothes. These Jalalabad, the ICRC started repairs to the
    for both domestic and agricultural use. improvements benefited all inmates. hospital and organized a comprehensive
    staff training programme. Slowed by the
    224,057 people had water supply/sanita- In order to establish priorities for prison withdrawal of expatriate staff after the riots
    tion improved by projects completed rehabilitation and reconstruction and

    160
    ICRC ANNUAL REPORT 2005

    in May, the training was stepped up upon Afghanistan (Taloqan and Ghazni) and some troops had not yet received instruc-
    their return in October. Handicap International Belgium (Kandahar). tion in IHL. The army continued to develop
    It also trained 33 prosthetic/orthotic tech- its IHL instruction and to integrate it into
    The ICRC also gave ad hoc support to other nicians in four locations and gave on-the- its training programmes, making good
    hospitals around the country and supplied job training at the centres. progress over the year. Following a seminar
    medicines and medical materials to help for 33 senior officers in June, the army set
    the Ministry of Public Health fight a Specialized teams working from the centres up an expert panel, which developed a cur-
    cholera outbreak in summer. It conducted a made home visits to people with spinal-cord riculum approved in November, signed by
    seminar on war surgery in Jalalabad and injuries, providing medical care/equipment, the Minister of Defence and introduced in
    one emergency room training course for physiotherapy and counselling. The ICRC military training institutions and field
    Ministry of Public Health doctors in Kabul. also supported the only centre specializing units. IHL training activities conducted
    It also improved first-aid treatment for in the treatment of cerebral palsy, which it with support from the ICRC included:
    weapon-wounded victims in the south and set up at the Indira Gandhi Hospital, the
    east by giving technical support to the main paediatric facility in Kabul. a four-day workshop for 18 officers;
    International Federation/Afghan Red Crescent sessions for over 400 officers in training
    community-based first-aid programme. 55,877 patients provided with physical facilities and over 500 soldiers in the
    rehabilitation services (including 16,130 field;
    In ICRC-supported health facilities: amputees) follow-up of instructors in field units;
    1,066 new patients fitted with translation of IHL teaching materials
    30,741 surgical patients admitted, prostheses and 4,680 with orthoses into Dari and Pashto;
    including 2,241 weapon-wounded 4,511 prostheses (3,186 for mine sponsorship of 3 officers attending an
    (250 by mines) victims) and 9,462 orthoses (32 for IHL course in San Remo.
    19,740 surgical operations performed mine victims) delivered
    and some 12,900 blood transfusions 927 wheelchairs and over 11,063 crutches/
    given canes delivered CIVIL SOCIETY
    15,425 other patients admitted (4,473 5,779 appliances repaired
    medical, 2,657 obstetric/gynaecological, 3,200 patients with spinal-cord injuries Over 2,000 international and national
    8,295 paediatric) and 1,789 with cerebral palsy given NGOs and UN bodies were working in
    207,318 outpatient consultations given therapy and care Afghanistan. Military provincial recon-
    2,691 people benefited from education, struction teams were also involved in
    Rehabilitation of the disabled vocational training, micro-credits or job humanitarian projects. The Afghan media
    Extensive contamination by mines and placement continued to grow and develop.
    ERW, high rates of polio and other factors some 1,500 components delivered to
    have left tens of thousands of Afghans dis- non-ICRC workshops To promote its principles and explain its
    abled. By 2005, the government had not yet approach, the ICRC relied largely on direct
    begun to provide the rehabilitation serv- contact with the public through its pro-
    ices enabling them to lead active lives and AUTHORITIES grammes. It organized information ses-
    avoid being a burden on their families and sions in Kabul, Herat, Jalalabad, Kandahar
    communities. Some areas of the south and With accession to the 1977 Additional and Mazar-i-Sharif for over 700 commu-
    east had no rehabilitation services, and Protocols under consideration by the gov- nity leaders, elders and religious figures, as
    facilities serving the rest of the country ernment, the ICRC met key officials and, well as for 132 journalists and over 1,800
    were run by international organizations or to facilitate the process, translated the students and teachers.
    NGOs which coordinated closely and Geneva Conventions into Dari and Pashto.
    reported to the Ministry of Public Health
    and Ministry of Martyrs and the Disabled. The ICRC frequently met high-level officials RED CROSS AND
    to discuss the practical application of IHL RED CRESCENT MOVEMENT
    Having played the leading role in the in policy development and implementation,
    provision of rehabilitation services in especially regarding detainees. Attentive to National Society restructuring
    Afghanistan for over 15 years, by 2005 the the need to stay neutral and independent, With the appointment of a new president
    ICRC had fitted some 80% of all the pros- it coordinated with advisory groups set up in January, the Afghan Red Crescent Society
    theses and orthoses worn in the country. In to support the government in areas pertain- embarked on wide-ranging reforms, which
    addition to fitting appliances and providing ing to IHL. Through its sub-delegations, the included:
    physiotherapy, the ICRC’s six centres ICRC kept up a dialogue with provincial
    around the country organized schooling authorities and international organizations re-introducing countrywide membership;
    and offered vocational training, micro- working at regional level. formally distinguishing between man-
    credit schemes or job placement to help agement and governance by appointing
    patients reintegrate into society. The centres a secretary-general;
    themselves employed more than 500 dis- ARMED FORCES AND OTHER restructuring headquarters and drafting
    abled people. BEARERS OF WEAPONS a new constitution.

    The ICRC also supplied raw materials and By the end of the year, the Afghan National The ICRC and the International Federation
    parts to four centres run by other organi- Army had 48 commissioned battalions and gave financial and technical support for
    zations: International Assistance Mission three training institutes. Because of the need these initiatives.
    (Maimana), Swedish Committee for to shorten training for quick deployment,

    161
    ASIA AND THE PACIFIC AFGHANISTAN

    Support to Afghan
    Red Crescent programmes
    The ICRC conducted “Safer Access” work-
    shops in several Red Crescent branches. It
    also provided technical, financial and/or
    material support to the National Society’s
    activities including:

    59 food-for-work projects benefiting


    almost 26,000 families: designed to help
    communities affected by insecurity,
    these involved repairs to essential
    infrastructure such as canals while
    providing temporary income (rations);
    587 vocational training projects for over
    1,200 trainees: vocational training in
    tailoring, bicycle or radio repair and
    carpentry involved almost 600 trainers;
    trainees received basic tools at the end
    of the course;
    maintenance of the RCM network and
    promotion of the Fundamental
    Principles and IHL;
    joint Afghan Red Crescent/International
    Federation emergency relief operations;
    mine action (see Civilians).

    162
    indonesia
    MYANMAR
    The ICRC established a presence in Indonesia
    LAOS in 1979. Throughout the archipelago, it works
    THAILAND
    VIETNAM
    closely with the Indonesian Red Cross Society to
    CAMBODIA SOUTH PHILIPPINES protect and assist victims of violence, especially
    CHINA displaced and resident populations whose liveli-
    Banda SEA PACIFIC OCEAN
    Aceh
    Lhokseumwe
    hoods or family contacts have been disrupted.
    BRUNEI
    ACEH MALAYSIA The ICRC continues to visit detainees held in
    SINGAPORE
    connection with non-international armed conflict
    SUMATRA KALIMANTAN Poso
    MOLUCCAS
    Jayapura and internal disturbances, and works to broaden
    SULAWESI
    Sampit
    Madura
    Ambon WEST
    PAPUA PAPUA
    understanding and acceptance of IHL. It pro-
    JAKARTA IN D O N E S I A
    JAVA
    NEW GUINEA motes IHL implementation, supports its inclusion
    Atambua TIMOR-LESTE
    Kupang
    in training programmes for armed forces and
    INDIAN OCEAN police personnel and develops activities with
    universities to promote the study of IHL. The
    ICRC also participates in coordination of the
    1000 km
    AUSTRALIA Movement’s response to the Asian tsunami.
    ICRC/AR_2005

    ICRC delegation ICRC sub-delegation ICRC office

    EXPENDITURE (IN CHF ,000)


    Protection 4,581
    Assistance 28,976
    Prevention 1,657 CONTEXT
    Cooperation with National Societies 1,594
    General - The year 2005 was dominated by the In Papua, the situation regarding special
    aftermath of the devastating tsunami of autonomy remained ambiguous. At the end
    36,808 26 December 2004 and the subsequent large- of October, the Papua People’s Council was
    of which: Overheads 1,907 scale national and international assistance created, paving the way for gubernatorial
    IMPLEMENTATION RATE operations. The year began with large num- elections in 2006.
    Expenditure/yearly budget 94.7% bers of foreign military personnel, scores
    of NGOs and many National Red Cross and Despite a substantial security set-up in
    PERSONNEL
    56 expatriates
    Red Crescent Societies present in Nanggroe Maluku and in Central and West Sulawesi,
    231 national staff (daily workers not included) Aceh Darussalam (NAD) province focusing regular security incidents were reported.
    exclusively on alleviating the plight of peo- Central Sulawesi in particular experienced
    KEY POINTS ple affected by the catastrophe. By May, the numerous murders and bomb attacks.
    tsunami response had entered its recon- Bali was once again the target of acts of
    In 2005, the ICRC: struction phase, which was expected to last “terrorism”, as three suicide bombers struck
    in cooperation with the National Society, for at least five years. in public places on 1 October.
    launched an extensive programme to alleviate
    the suffering of some 300,000 people affected
    by the tsunami of 26 December 2004; The year also saw the parties to the pro- The terms of reference of the Commission
    conducted visits to places of detention longed conflict in NAD engage in peace of Truth and Friendship, set up jointly by
    under the responsibility of the Ministry of talks, mediated by former Finnish President Timor-Leste and Indonesia, were signed by
    Law and Human Rights, as well as to those Martti Ahtisaari and the Crisis Management the respective governments on 9 March. The
    under police authority throughout the Initiative. This resulted, on 15 August, in commission started work in August.
    country, and was quickly able to resume the signing of a memorandum of under-
    such visits in the tsunami-stricken province
    standing between the government of
    of Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam; through
    visits to them in their homes, monitored Indonesia and the Free Aceh Movement
    1,800 Free Aceh Movement (GAM) detainees (GAM). The memorandum specified
    released in accordance with the memorandum several steps to be taken by the parties,
    of understanding of 15 August between the including the surrender of weapons by
    government and GAM; GAM and the withdrawal of government
    following the signature of the memorandum troops that had been drafted into NAD
    of understanding between the government
    and GAM, assessed conflict-related needs
    from other provinces. Within days, Asian and
    and started relief distributions to IDPs, European monitors were deployed under
    returnees and residents; the banner of the Aceh Monitoring Mission.
    began pre-deployment sessions on IHL and The release by the government of the major-
    international human rights law for police ity of GAM detainees took place at the end of
    troops sent to conflict-prone areas. August, in accordance with the agreement.

    163
    ASIA AND THE PACIFIC INDONESIA

    MAIN FIGURES AND INDICATORS

    PEOPLE DEPRIVED OF THEIR FREEDOM (All categories/all statuses) CIVILIANS AND PEOPLE DEPRIVED OF THEIR FREEDOM
    Detainees visited 21,933 Economic Security, Water and Habitat
    Detainees visited and monitored individually 2,007 Food Beneficiaries 36,383
    Number of visits carried out 153 Essential household items Beneficiaries 264,539
    Number of places of detention visited 78 Agricultural inputs and micro-economic initiatives Beneficiaries 122,659
    RESTORING FAMILY LINKS Water-supply schemes and sanitation systems
    Red Cross messages (RCMs) and reunifications (completed projects) Beneficiaries 40,988
    RCMs collected 825 Habitat structures Beneficiaries 845
    RCMs distributed 728 Health
    People reunited with their families 19 Health centres supported Structures 10
    Tracing requests, including cases of missing persons Consultations Patients 33,114
    People for whom a tracing request was newly registered 62 Immunizations Activities 30,984
    Tracing requests closed positively (persons located) 30 WOUNDED AND SICK
    Tracing requests still being handled at 31 December 2005 116 Hospital supported Structure 1
    Unaccompanied minors (UAMs) and separated children (SCs), Admissions Patients 820
    including unaccompanied demobilized child soldiers Operations Operations performed 676
    UAMs/SCs newly registered by the ICRC 48
    UAMs/SCs reunited with their families by the ICRC 22
    UAMs/SCs cases still being handled at 31 December 2005 5
    DOCUMENTS ISSUED
    People to whom travel documents were issued 42

    ICRC ACTION The number of ICRC expatriate staff in dissemination sessions on IHL for army
    NAD rose temporarily from 2 to over 100, troops arriving in NAD and Papua. The
    Present in NAD province before the but by the end of May this had dropped first pre-deployment dissemination sessions
    tsunami, the ICRC, together with the back down to about 20 delegates. for members of the police’s mobile brigade
    Indonesian Red Cross, was able to launch took place following the signing of a mem-
    an immediate response. Until May, the ICRC While pursuing its tsunami-response orandum of understanding with the unit.
    provided tsunami-related emergency relief activities, the ICRC approached the author-
    in NAD, distributing essential household ities in NAD with the objective of resum- Following the signing of the memorandum
    items, hygiene articles or food rations to ing its traditional activities relating to the of understanding between GAM and the
    people displaced by the disaster. An ICRC/ conflict there. Six weeks after the disaster, government on 15 August, the ICRC had
    Indonesian Red Cross 100-bed referral the organization was able to begin visits full access to conflict-affected areas in
    field hospital, provided by the Norwegian again to civil prisons and police stations. In NAD and focused on conflict-related needs.
    Red Cross, treated both inpatients and the rest of the country, detention-related By the end of the year, it had carried out
    outpatients until its closure in May. The activities continued uninterrupted. several needs assessments in NAD, having
    ICRC cleaned wells and built latrines and reinforced its set-up to be in a position to
    donated tonnes of chemicals to the water In February, ICRC President Jakob increase the number and the quality of
    boards to ensure safe water for survivors. Kellenberger paid an official visit to the assessments. Based on the results, the
    Furthermore, people seeking news of their Indonesia, planned before the tsunami, ICRC began its first relief distributions to
    relatives caught up in the tsunami were able during which he met a number of high- returnees and residents affected by the
    to use the ICRC family-links service to try level contacts, including the President of conflict at the end of December.
    and locate them. The National Society was Indonesia, Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono,
    a key partner in all the above activities. with whom he discussed a number of issues As in previous years, the Indonesian Red
    of humanitarian concern. Cross remained an invaluable partner for
    As a member of the Movement Coordination the ICRC and was a key player in the tsunami
    Framework – a concept regulating the The ICRC continued to broaden and con- emergency response in NAD.
    activities of Movement components in solidate its network of contacts within
    tsunami-stricken areas – the ICRC was political, military and academic circles,
    actively involved in monitoring the security holding several events to promote imple- CIVILIANS
    situation and issuing security guidelines mentation of IHL. The army conducted
    for Movement. an evaluation of the level of integration of Tsunami relief
    IHL into its doctrine, teaching and train- Present in NAD province before the tsunami,
    The initial budget for the ICRC’s operations ing, for which the ICRC provided financial the ICRC, together with the Indonesian
    in Indonesia in 2005 was CHF 9.0 million, support and expert guidance. The ICRC Red Cross, was able to launch an immediate
    but this was increased to CHF 38.9 million also discussed the integration of IHL into emergency relief operation. They distrib-
    to cover unplanned activities for tsunami air force training and continued to sup- uted essential items to families throughout
    victims. The ICRC reactivated its office in port the navy in finalizing the inclusion of the province and supplied tents to various
    Lhokseumawe in January, occupying prem- IHL in its training programmes. The ICRC camps for IDPs. At the very beginning, and
    ises and warehouses in disuse since 2001. was able to carry on its pre-deployment for a short time, food rations (rice, cooking

    164
    ICRC ANNUAL REPORT 2005

    oil, noodles, sardines, sugar, salt and biscuits) household items, and 110 households 245 RCMs collected from and
    were handed out to IDPs and National received 60 sets of agricultural tools. 368 delivered to civilians all
    Society volunteers pending the establish- over Indonesia
    ment of supply lines by other humanitarian During the last quarter of the year, a geo-
    agencies. The ICRC provided the National graphic information system database was The delegation also approached the
    Society with materials for the evacuation designed and deployed, collating all the Indonesian authorities about sharing infor-
    of dead bodies. information collected during assessments mation they might have on the fate or
    in NAD and facilitating analysis of that whereabouts of missing East Timorese.
    Following assessments, the ICRC distrib- information.
    uted community clean-up kits and recon- Protecting civilians
    struction kits to help the population clear The ICRC sub-delegation in Jayapura, In NAD, the ICRC continued pre-
    their villages of debris. Assessments carried Papua province, gave essential household deployment IHL dissemination sessions for
    out along the northern coast identified the items to returnees from Papua New Guinea. army troops and familiarized several high-
    need for smaller kits for individual fami- In response to the poor living conditions ranking military and police commanders
    lies as they started moving back to their in Marauke, Papua, water tanks and taps with the basic rules of IHL and the protec-
    communities. Consequently, the ICRC were set up for permanent water distri- tion due to civilians. The commanders
    adapted its approach and, together with the bution, and 10 latrines and a septic tank authorized the ICRC to carry out field visits
    National Society, distributed kits to families were rehabilitated to serve 310 returnees and assessments, which also looked into
    scattered along the north-eastern coast. from Papua New Guinea. protection issues.

    264,539 IDPs provided with essential Restoring family links In Papua, delegates continued to monitor
    household items and hygiene kits The tsunami created a substantial need for the consequences for civilians of the secu-
    36,383 people given food rations the ICRC family-links service: people were rity incidents that took place in the high-
    2,400 families in IDP camps housed displaced, dead bodies had been buried lands in autumn 2004. They also assessed
    in ICRC tents without identification, and communications the security conditions of former refugees
    120,000 people benefited from clean-up in parts of NAD were disrupted for several who had recently returned from Papua
    and reconstruction kits months. All this made it very difficult for New Guinea.
    survivors of the tsunami and their families
    In addition, the ICRC conducted a pro- in the province, the rest of Indonesia and
    gramme in villages of the greater Banda Aceh abroad to re-establish contact and to find PEOPLE DEPRIVED
    area and along the northern coastline to out what had happened to their relatives. OF THEIR FREEDOM
    provide sufficient safe water to people who
    had been displaced by the tsunami but were The ICRC launched a special website Although in late 2004 the ICRC had been
    returning home. (www.familylinks.icrc.org) for people able to resume visits to detainees under the
    caught up in the tsunami to let others know responsibility of the police and the Ministry
    3,260 wells cleaned, rehabilitated that they were alive or to post the name of of Law and Human Rights in NAD, further
    or newly constructed a person being sought. The ICRC and the visits planned for early 2005 had to be
    5 boreholes drilled or rehabilitated Indonesian Red Cross also sent out mobile abandoned as the tsunami had seriously
    and equipped with pumps teams to collect such information and then disrupted the provincial administrative
    4 pipe networks rehabilitated displayed printed lists of names in key set-up. In addition, five prisons and a police
    667 latrines and 42 communal public places and in the media. In addition, station were washed away, with the loss of
    washrooms constructed the National Society and the ICRC made some 300 lives. In February, however, visits
    1,014 septic tanks emptied satellite or mobile phones available so that to detainees resumed, and the ICRC was
    154 tonnes of water-treatment people could call their family members able to conduct visits to all those held in
    chemicals supplied to water boards nationally and abroad. affected districts, submitting written reports
    of Banda Aceh and Lhokseumawe on its findings to the detaining authorities.
    37.9 million litres of clean drinking While the delegation focused on restor-
    water trucked to those in need ing family links in NAD, ICRC teams also As many detainees visited by the ICRC
    assessed tracing needs in West Timor and had family members in tsunami-affected
    Assisting conflict-affected Maluku, as well as maintaining the exchange areas, re-establishing family links via the
    communities of RCMs between families in West Timor tracing and RCM services became a prior-
    Following the signing of the memorandum and relatives in Timor-Leste. ity. The delegation continued to organize
    of understanding between GAM and the family visits for detainees from NAD,
    Indonesian government in August, the over 25,000 “Person sought” and Ambon and Papua transferred outside their
    ICRC gained full access to conflict-affected 18,500 “I am alive” forms registered home provinces.
    areas in NAD and focused on the needs of on the family-links website and nearly
    people affected by the conflict. From 26,500 names publicized in the media The agreement between the government
    September to December, 75 assessments over 2,600 telephone calls made and GAM led to the release of most GAM
    were carried out in 71 villages of 24 sub- by survivors to family members in detainees held in NAD and other parts of
    districts of the province. The first findings Indonesia or abroad the country: in all, about 1,800 detainees
    indicated the need to rehabilitate commu- family links restored successfully in were freed. The ICRC conducted follow-up
    nity infrastructure, improve water and more than 3,800 cases visits to the detention facilities concerned
    sanitation conditions and boost house- 48 unaccompanied children registered and visited the released detainees in their
    holds’ production capacities. In parallel, by the ICRC; 22 reunited with their homes. It continued collecting allegations
    some 150 households were given essential families under ICRC auspices of arrest and began discussions with the

    165
    ASIA AND THE PACIFIC INDONESIA

    authorities and GAM aimed at clarifying a two-week training course on how to conducted an IHL course for 60 navy
    the whereabouts of a number of people. redeploy the hospital in case of need. officers and another to introduce
    250 senior air force officers to IHL;
    Visits to detainees in Java, Papua, Bali and Protection of and respect for the medical sponsored workshops at all regional
    North Sumatra continued and were extended mission remained high on the ICRC’s headquarters to promote the army’s
    to new areas in Maluku and Sulawesi. agenda, especially in regions that continued new technical guide to incorporating
    to see sporadic upsurges in violence. With IHL into training exercises;
    21,933 detainees visited during the National Society, the ICRC conducted sponsored the participation of 4 army
    153 visits to 78 places of detention, two seminars on medical ethics in Central officers in IHL courses in San Remo;
    of whom 1,474 newly registered and Sulawesi attended by more than 300 par- gave 17 presentations on IHL and
    2,007 followed up individually ticipants, including health professionals, the respective mandates and activities
    39 detainees received ICRC-funded army and police representatives and reli- of the ICRC and National Society to
    visits from family members gious and political leaders. 8,600 soldiers prior to their deployment
    360 RCMs delivered to detainees and in NAD and Papua provinces.
    580 collected from them
    access to water increased or sanitation AUTHORITIES Police
    improved for 2,330 detainees in The ICRC focused its efforts on promoting
    13 detention facilities in NAD, Bali and In December 2004, the government had international human rights law and IHL
    Papua; scabies treatment administered decided to introduce the repression of war among members of the police’s mobile
    to inmates of 2 prisons and surgical crimes in the civil and military criminal brigade – a unit directly confronted with
    operations funded for 2 detainees codes. In 2005, the ICRC supported a study situations of violence. After an initial assess-
    in Papua of existing criminal law. The results were ment workshop with 20 senior officers from
    discussed during a workshop in which headquarters, the ICRC signed a memoran-
    70 representatives of the government, dum of understanding with the brigade. A
    WOUNDED AND SICK universities and NGOs proposed ways to steering committee and working group were
    modify the law. The ICRC organized a first created to develop new training materials.
    NAD province lost much of its health per- technical meeting with experts from the
    sonnel as a result of the tsunami. Some died Ministry of Law and Human Rights to begin 5 presentations on basic IHL and
    in the disaster, while others had to abandon the drafting process. human rights law given to some
    their homes and were only able to return 1,600 troops prior to their deployment
    to work after their own family matters had Furthermore, the ICRC: in violence-prone areas
    been sorted out. Moreover, many health
    facilities were destroyed or damaged, includ- offered legal advice for and participated Other armed groups
    ing the Banda Aceh referral hospital, and in several technical workshops on a new Regular contact was maintained with
    the province’s health system seriously dis- draft law on the emblem; former GAM representatives in order to
    rupted, which also affected the supply lines with 6 lecturers from 3 law faculties, discuss various humanitarian issues.
    to health centres not directly affected by the initiated a study on current legislation
    tsunami. In response to this situation and regarding the rights of the families
    to alleviate the pressure on the health sys- of missing persons; CIVIL SOCIETY
    tem, the ICRC started supplying first-aid sponsored the participation of ministerial
    consumables to National Society branches representatives in IHL-related events The ICRC tsunami response was broadly
    and provided assistance to various hospitals abroad, including a course in San Remo. reported on in the print and broadcast
    in Banda Aceh. The ICRC also supplied media. This enabled the ICRC to promote
    health facilities in Lhokseumawe with some of its activities and in particular the
    medical equipment, medicines and con- ARMED FORCES AND OTHER family-links programme.
    sumables until mid-April. BEARERS OF WEAPONS
    presentations on IHL and the ICRC
    In cooperation with the National Society, Armed forces given to 220 journalists, representatives
    the ICRC set up a field hospital, donated The ICRC assisted the legal department of of NGOs, Muslim organizations and
    by the Norwegian Red Cross, in Banda the army in assessing the level of integration human rights lawyers throughout the
    Aceh in mid-January. Until its closure in mid- of IHL into its doctrine, training and oper- country
    May, the hospital treated some 10,000 out- ations. The results were presented to 370 army
    patients and 820 inpatients. To begin with, commanders and follow-up discussed. Future decision-makers
    the majority of patients were directly related Since the late 1990s, the ICRC had provided
    to the catastrophe. Later on, the hospital’s The ICRC also continued its cooperation extensive training to law lecturers in about
    surgical and medical services also treated a with the air force and navy, assisting the latter 111 universities. By 2005, 28 law faculties
    wide range of other illnesses, taking some in integrating IHL into its training, including and one sharia faculty in 19 cities were
    of the burden off government facilities and command-post and field-training exercises. offering IHL as a separate subject in their
    allowing them to re-establish their services curricula, and 14 had introduced elements
    and gradually take on more patients. After In addition, the ICRC: of IHL into their undergraduate courses.
    its closure, the field hospital was donated In March, the ICRC organized a conference
    to the Ministry of Health to be used in organized 2 train-the-trainer courses on IHL for 60 deans of law faculties and
    the event of disasters in any part of the for 100 legal advisers from the army and provided them with literature on IHL and
    country. Ministry of Health staff were given air force; human rights law. It also met the deans of

    166
    ICRC ANNUAL REPORT 2005

    the social and political science faculties of RED CROSS AND The much-depleted National Society began
    two universities to discuss integrating IHL RED CRESCENT MOVEMENT a comprehensive recruitment and training
    into their curricula. programme designed to restore its capacity.
    The focus of the Indonesian Red Cross
    In addition, the ICRC: shifted almost entirely towards meeting the The Indonesian Red Cross, the ICRC
    humanitarian needs arising from the and the International Federation signed
    organized an IHL course for tsunami of 26 December and an earthquake a memorandum of understanding with
    47 university lecturers from the faculties which occurred on Nias Island on 28 March. the government’s Reconstruction and
    of law, social science and communication The ICRC increased its financing of the Rehabilitation Agency, reaffirming the
    and sponsored the participation of operational costs of the National Society’s Movement’s commitment to help meet the
    3 political science lecturers in the NAD chapter and its 19 branches. humanitarian needs of the people of NAD
    ICRC’s first South-East Asian teaching province and Nias Island. The memoran-
    session in Malaysia (see Kuala Lumpur); In the aftermath of the tsunami, National dum clearly defined the specific roles of the
    ran a training session for 4 students Society volunteers evacuated tens of different components of the Movement,
    attending the ICRC’s 3rd regional thousands of bodies and provided more especially the ICRC’s protection activities
    moot-court competition in Hong Kong than 150,000 IDPs with shelter materials, related to the conflict.
    and, in cooperation with 2 major essential household items, emergency health
    Indonesian universities, organized care and safe water. They were also instru- 4 general sessions, 1 train-the-trainer
    2 moot-court competitions in Sumatra mental in the rapid development and session and 5 field exercises conducted
    province for 230 students; maintenance of the tracing network, which to train 92 volunteers from 41 Red Cross
    gave a presentation on IHL and enabled family members to restore contact branches to work in conflict-prone areas
    Islamic law to 120 students of an with one another after the disaster. a series of three-day seminars on the
    Islamic higher-education establishment “Safer Access” approach carried out for
    and, in cooperation with an Islamic 100 National Society volunteers
    university, organized a seminar on
    the same subject for 75 people;
    supported the publication in Bahasa
    Indonesia of an annual collection
    of articles on topical IHL issues.

    167
    myanmar
    The ICRC began working in Myanmar in 1986,
    BHUTAN
    NEPAL providing physical rehabilitation for mine victims
    CHINA
    INDIA and other disabled people. Since 1999, delegates
    BANGLADESH have regularly visited detainees and monitored
    M YAN M A R the situation of civilians in conflict areas. Where
    VIETNAM
    Mandalay
    Keng Tung weakened infrastructure, isolation and the secu-
    Taunggyi
    LAOS
    rity situation have made the population particu-
    larly vulnerable, the ICRC meets basic health,
    BAY of BENGAL water and sanitation needs in villages deemed a
    YANGON Hpa-an
    priority in protection terms, assists hospitals in
    THAILAND
    Moulmein
    treating the wounded and seeks dialogue with
    government authorities on the protection of
    civilians. The ICRC also raises awareness and
    CAMBODIA
    ANDAMAN
    promotes the teaching of IHL and works in coor-
    Myeik
    SEA dination with the International Federation to
    200 km enhance the effectiveness of the National Society.
    ICRC/AR.2005

    ICRC delegation ICRC sub-delegation ICRC office


    ICRC-supported prosthetic/orthotic centre

    EXPENDITURE (IN CHF ,000)


    Protection 6,098
    Assistance 6,082
    Prevention 1,518 CONTEXT
    Cooperation with National Societies 752
    General - The dismissal of the prime minister and The SPDC implemented a new policy with
    dismantling of the Military Intelligence regard to its cooperation with international
    14,449 apparatus in late 2004 brought about sig- humanitarian actors, imposing restrictions
    of which: Overheads 882 nificant structural and policy changes within and conditions on their movements in most
    IMPLEMENTATION RATE the ruling State Peace and Development parts of the country. The difficulties met by
    Expenditure/yearly budget 85.7% Council (SPDC). The SPDC nevertheless international humanitarian and other actors
    reiterated its commitment to a seven-point in engaging in a policy-level dialogue with
    PERSONNEL
    54 expatriates
    road map towards national reconciliation the government were further compounded
    278 national staff (daily workers not included) and democracy, and reconvened the National by the transferral of the administrative cap-
    Convention in February, which was expected ital to Pyimana, a remote location in central
    KEY POINTS to lay the foundations of the future consti- Myanmar, which began in November.
    tution. Citing a need to focus on national
    In 2005, the ICRC: reconciliation, the government announced it
    assessed the treatment and living conditions would waive its turn to chair the Association
    of detainees in 55 places of detention and
    labour camps and enabled them to exchange of Southeast Asian Nations in 2006.
    RCMs with, and receive visits from, family
    members; The civilian population continued to be
    supported the prison authorities’ efforts affected by the tense situation, particularly
    to improve inmates’ health care, sanitation
    and material conditions; distributed soap in Shan, Kayah, and Kayin states along the
    and essential drugs to all detention places; border with Thailand. The humanitarian
    implemented several projects to improve situation in all border areas remained of
    infrastructure in 3 major prisons; welcomed serious concern, with continued insecurity,
    the inclusion of the prison system in the
    internal displacement, precarious socio-
    national programme to combat tuberculosis;
    carried out field missions in Shan, Mon and economic conditions and lack of access to
    Kayin states and Thanintharyi division to essential services.
    assess the security and living conditions of
    the civilian population and, working closely
    with the residents, carried out health, water
    and sanitation projects;
    rehabilitated and provided supplies to
    hospitals in conflict-affected areas and
    continued to support all prosthetic/orthotic
    facilities in Myanmar, including a new centre
    in Shan state; referred 800 destitute amputees
    from remote areas to physical rehabilitation
    centres through the ICRC/National Society
    outreach programme; initiated a mine-risk
    education programme in Kayin state;
    promoted knowledge of its mandate,
    IHL and the Fundamental Principles and
    supported the capacity building of the
    National Society to deliver effective
    humanitarian services.

    168
    ICRC ANNUAL REPORT 2005

    MAIN FIGURES AND INDICATORS

    PEOPLE DEPRIVED OF THEIR FREEDOM (All categories/all statuses) CIVILIANS AND PEOPLE DEPRIVED OF THEIR FREEDOM
    Detainees visited 50,694 Water and habitat
    Detainees visited and monitored individually 3,181 Water-supply schemes and sanitation systems
    Number of visits carried out 64 (completed projects) Beneficiaries 7,900
    Number of places of detention visited 55 Habitat structures Beneficiaries 2,250
    RESTORING FAMILY LINKS Health
    Red Cross messages (RCMs) and reunifications Health centres supported Structures 6
    RCMs collected 10,762 Immunizations Activities 4,044
    RCMs distributed 9,119 WOUNDED AND SICK
    Tracing requests, including cases of missing persons Hospitals supported Structures 3
    People for whom a tracing request was newly registered 43 Admissions Patients 25
    Tracing requests closed positively (persons located) 31 Operations Operations performed 6
    Tracing requests still being handled at 31 December 2005 17 Physical rehabilitation
    Unaccompanied minors (UAMs) and separated children (SCs), Patients receiving services Patients 3,612
    including unaccompanied demobilized child soldiers Prostheses delivered Pieces 2,181
    UAMs/SCs cases still being handled at 31 December 2005 27 Orthoses delivered Pieces 193
    DOCUMENTS ISSUED
    People to whom a detention attestation was issued 172

    ICRC ACTION The ICRC continued to successfully sup- CIVILIANS


    port programmes providing physical reha-
    Despite restrictions imposed on its move- bilitation services to mine victims, amputees Despite increased restrictions on access
    ments, the ICRC carried out its planned and the war-wounded. Significant assis- to conflict-affected areas, ICRC protection
    activities to protect people deprived of tance was provided to all prosthetic/orthotic and assistance teams carried out 120 field
    their freedom and civilians living in areas facilities in Myanmar through technician missions in Shan, Mon and Kayin states
    affected by armed conflict. Activities for training and the supply of specialized equip- and Thanintharyi division to assess the
    people deprived of their freedom continued ment and prosthetic components. The ICRC security and living conditions of the civil-
    to combine the individual monitoring of coordinated and funded the prosthetic ian population. At central level, the ICRC
    security detainees and other vulnerable outreach programme of the Myanmar Red made successful representations regarding
    people with efforts to generate structural Cross Society, which complemented these a few individual protection cases.
    change in the prison system for the bene- efforts by referring amputees from remote
    fit of all detainees. The ICRC maintained areas to these facilities. The ICRC also cov- In August, an ICRC team was able to visit
    its confidential dialogue with the prison ered the cost of treating vulnerable civilians the Myawaddy transit camp (Kayin state)
    authorities regarding its findings during with conflict-related injuries in hospitals to assess the living conditions of illegal
    prison visits and continued to provide visited by delegates. War-surgery seminars Myanmarese migrant workers expelled
    training and technical support to stimulate were held for military and civilian surgeons. from Thailand.
    and complement the Prison Department’s
    own efforts. A positive step by the Ministry of The ICRC pursued efforts to promote 4,133 RCMs collected from and
    Health was the decision to include prisons knowledge of its mandate, IHL and the 4,304 delivered to civilians
    in the national tuberculosis programme. Fundamental Principles through dissemi- 43 tracing requests received; 31 people
    The distribution of RCMs and the family- nation sessions for public servants, military located; 17 cases still being processed
    visits programme ensured much-needed personnel and civil society. Senior govern- 9 demobilized child soldiers registered;
    links between the detainees and their fami- ment officials, including military person- 27 cases still being processed
    lies. Towards the end of the year, ICRC nel, participated in IHL events and teaching
    detention teams faced increasing difficul- sessions abroad and enrolled in a distance- Reducing mine injuries
    ties in conducting detention visits: the learning postgraduate diploma in IHL The ICRC initiated a mine-risk education
    authorities had begun to challenge some of sponsored by the ICRC. programme in Kayin state. The first phase
    its standard working procedures from mid- of the programme focused on data collec-
    2005. As a result, the ICRC was unable to The ICRC continued to build the capaci- tion and analysis of the scale of the problem
    visit detention facilities in December. ties of the National Society not only in the so as to understand the patterns of risk-
    field of dissemination, but also in tracing, taking behaviour and identify the popula-
    Access to civilians most affected by the con- conflict preparedness, referral of amputees tion most at risk. The next step would be
    flict was hampered by restrictions imposed and mine-risk education. to use this information to design an effec-
    on the ICRC’s movements. Nevertheless, tive strategy to reduce the number of mine
    ICRC teams managed to carry out some incidents in the future. Emphasis was placed
    protection work, support health services, on dissemination to improve civilians’
    complete an immunization programme, understanding of the programme. For this
    implement water and sanitation projects purpose, the delegation created educational
    and initiate mine-risk education. The bulk material, such as posters and leaflets con-
    of these activities took place in Kayin state. veying safety messages.

    169
    ASIA AND THE PACIFIC MYANMAR

    The National Society agreed to integrate In addition, the ICRC supported an emer- During a meeting in March, the director-
    safety briefings related to the risk of mines gency vaccination programme of the Ministry general of prisons and the head of the gov-
    and explosive remnants of war into its of Health in several townships in Kayin ernment’s national tuberculosis programme
    community-based first-aid training ses- state close to the Thai border. It enabled committed themselves to including prisons
    sions. The delegation conducted such vaccination teams from two rural health in the programme in an effort to combat
    sessions for first-aid trainers in Kayin and centres to buy ice to cool the vaccines, mon- the epidemic. The ICRC, under the umbrella
    Kayah states, two areas with a high preva- itored the temperature and covered all of the working group, then developed edu-
    lence of mine incidents. transport costs. cational material specifically designed for
    prisons, emphasizing early diagnosis and
    Improving access to safe water prompt treatment.
    Four stream-catchment facilities were built PEOPLE DEPRIVED
    in southern Shan state and in a remote north- OF THEIR FREEDOM To improve living conditions for detainees,
    ern area of Kayin state. In addition, the the ICRC:
    ICRC set up committees in the villages and The ICRC continued to visit places of deten-
    trained them in the maintenance of existing tion and labour camps under the authority completed projects in 2 prisons to
    water facilities. As part of the same pro- of the Prison Department of the Ministry improve the quantity and quality of
    gramme, the ICRC supported projects to of Home Affairs. Following its visits, the the water supply: both the ICRC and
    improve conditions in four schools in Shan ICRC submitted confidential reports, sum- the Prison Department contributed
    and Kayin states. Wood and corrugated marizing its findings and recommendations. resources to the projects;
    iron sheeting was given to villagers, who The organization was able to follow up these completed several infrastructure
    then performed the work themselves. At the reports in monthly meetings with Prison projects in 3 major prisons, including
    same time, the ICRC constructed a block Department officials. Whenever necessary, one to separate minors from adult
    of three to four latrines in each school. the ICRC drew attention to the needs of detainees: the young detainees benefited
    particularly vulnerable detainees, such as from improved sanitation, classrooms,
    The ICRC organized a hygiene-promotion security detainees, minors, those claiming a small dispensary and a covered area
    workshop at a high school in northern Kayin foreign citizenship, the sick and the elderly. in which to eat;
    state. This was an opportunity to teach rehabilitated a dispensary in the female
    better hygiene and to inform a wider com- The ICRC enabled detainees to restore and wing of one of the central prisons, and
    munity audience about the ICRC’s mandate, maintain contact with their next of kin and in another prison enlarged the section
    activities and objectives. Unfortunately, ran a programme to enable particularly of the female wing that accommodated
    owing to movement restrictions from July vulnerable detainees to receive monthly mothers and their infants.
    onwards, this was the only school at which visits from family members.
    the ICRC could arrange this kind of session. Training
    ICRC detention teams faced increasing dif- The Prison Department continued to invite
    During the second half of the year, six water ficulties towards the end of the year in con- the ICRC to give lectures to prison staff
    points were set up in areas of southern ducting detention visits: the authorities had attending internal training courses. Six such
    Kayin state affected by the persisting insta- begun to challenge some of its standard sessions enabled more than 200 prison staff
    bility, where no other international agency working procedures from mid-2005. As a to become better acquainted with the
    had access. The ICRC also trained the vil- result, the ICRC was unable to visit deten- ICRC’s working methods and internation-
    lagers and provided them with material for tion facilities in December. ally recognized prison standards. Further-
    the construction of well-reinforcement more, the ICRC sponsored for the first
    rings, enabling them to build their own 64 visits made to 50,694 detainees, time the participation of officials of the
    protected wells. including 1,261 newly registered Myanmar Prison Department in the annual
    and 3,181 monitored individually Asian Pacific Conference of Correctional
    7,900 people benefited from improved (197 women and 563 minors) in Administrators, held in the Republic of
    water and sanitation facilities 55 places of detention Korea in September.
    2,250 people benefited from 968 detainees received ICRC-funded
    an improved habitat visits from family members
    6,629 RCMs collected from and WOUNDED AND SICK
    Disease prevention and treatment 5,815 delivered to detainees
    Two rounds of immunizations were con- ICRC health teams visited hospitals in acces-
    ducted in 16 villages in southern Shan state, Supporting the authorities sible areas along the border with Thailand
    completing the four planned visits to the in improving conditions where insecurity and armed conflict con-
    area, which was out of the reach of govern- The ICRC supported the prison authorities’ tinued. The organization covered the cost
    ment health services because of insecurity. efforts to improve health care, sanitation of treating people with war-related injuries.
    More than 75% of children under five were and material conditions in detention facili-
    given three doses of the diphtheria, pertus- ties. It provided 50% of the necessary essen- On two visits to Myanmar, the ICRC’s chief
    sis and tetanus vaccine, and 39 health- tial medicines, basic equipment and 50% of surgeon organized war-surgery seminars
    education sessions were conducted. soap requirements and participated in a for 90 military and civilian surgeons, with
    joint working group convened monthly, emphasis on amputation techniques, and
    1,043 vaccine doses given to women comprising medical officers from the Prison gave presentations on war surgery at an
    of childbearing age Department and Ministry of Health offi- annual military medical conference. He
    3,001 vaccine doses given to children cials. The working group mobilized public- also operated on injured patients alongside
    under 5 health actors and advocated changes in the Myanmarese surgeons and gave lectures
    prison health-care system. to medical staff. After his visits, the ICRC

    170
    ICRC ANNUAL REPORT 2005

    donated surgical and amputation instru- 7 centres supported or run directly ARMED FORCES AND OTHER
    ments to two of the hospitals in which he by the ICRC BEARERS OF WEAPONS
    had worked. 3,612 patients received services at
    the centres (including 3,246 amputees) The ICRC held dissemination sessions at
    The ICRC kept up its support to hospitals 1,129 new patients fitted with prostheses field level and sent two high-ranking offi-
    rehabilitated in 2004, with the aim of and 125 with orthoses cers on an IHL course in San Remo. This was
    ensuring the sustainability of its assistance 2,181 prostheses (1,532 for mine the first time the government had accepted
    projects through maintenance and the con- victims), 193 orthoses and 2,544 crutches such an invitation since 2001.
    tinuous training of local staff. The training delivered
    sessions included instruction in waste- 800 patients benefited from the outreach Regular contact was maintained with repre-
    management in order to decrease the risk of prosthetic programme sentatives of insurgent groups in Thailand
    contamination within the hospital and in and with several armed ceasefire groups
    the surrounding community. present in areas where the ICRC carried out
    AUTHORITIES activities for civilians. This contact aimed
    The ICRC also rehabilitated five health struc- to secure respect for the ICRC’s standard
    tures with inpatient facilities (16 to 25 beds Following the changes within the ruling working methods and for the security of its
    each) in Kayin and Shan states. It improved SPDC in late 2004, exchanges with the teams during field activities and facilitated
    the water supply, sanitation, electricity sup- authorities were predominantly concerned discussions on IHL-related matters, such
    ply and operating facilities and donated with establishing new relationships and as the protection of civilians living in the
    surgical materials. ensuring the continuity of existing activi- areas where the groups were operating.
    ties and openings for dialogue.
    3 hospitals supported
    6 health facilities supported For the first time, the ICRC was able to CIVIL SOCIETY
    surgery costs of 12 war-wounded brief the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and
    patients covered the Supreme Court on its legal advisory Two national newspapers occasionally
    service and was invited to submit a model reported on ICRC and Movement activi-
    Physical rehabilitation Geneva Conventions Act to the government ties in different parts of the world. The del-
    In conjunction with the National Society, for consideration. egation produced fact sheets and brochures
    the ICRC continued to run the Hpa-an in the Burmese, Karen and Shan languages
    physical rehabilitation centre. In addition, 4 representatives of the Ministries of and translated films and publications into
    it supported the other six prosthetic/ Foreign Affairs, Defence and Education these languages to increase awareness of the
    orthotic facilities in the country, run by attended the South Asian Teaching ICRC’s activities, principles and history
    the Ministries of Health and Defence. The Session on IHL and Refugee Law, held among the general public.
    ICRC either supplemented the wages of in India (see New Delhi)
    the staff or provided incentives based on 15 government officials from the same Contacts were developed with various com-
    productivity. ministries and the Supreme Court started munity and religious leaders, in particular
    a one-year distance-learning postgraduate in conflict-affected areas where the ICRC
    In Shan state, the Ministry of Defence inau- diploma in IHL from the University of was operating, in order to assess the human-
    gurated a new prosthetic unit at Aung Ban Law in Hyderabad, India itarian situation and to raise awareness of
    No. 2 military hospital. The ICRC decided the director of the legal division of the the scope and limits of ICRC action.
    to support the unit to help meet the needs Ministry of Foreign Affairs attended the
    of amputees in north-eastern Myanmar. It launch of the ICRC study on customary Law studies in Myanmar, including in mil-
    secured the agreement of the Ministry’s international humanitarian law in New itary academies, were coordinated by the
    medical services for the facility to admit Delhi (see New Delhi) Yangon University law department, with
    civilian patients with war-related injuries which the ICRC had regular contact. IHL
    for prosthetic fittings. Contact was maintained with leaders of was taught in the final year of undergradu-
    Karen and Karenni opposition groups in ate studies in law and was also a compul-
    The ICRC and the National Society contin- Thailand on issues pertaining to the ICRC’s sory component of postgraduate studies in
    ued to run an outreach programme to role and IHL. international law. The ICRC held a two-day
    identify, transport and accommodate vul- workshop on IHL teaching methodology
    nerable amputees, particularly those in for 30 university lecturers and tutors from
    remote border areas, and to provide them university law and international relations
    with free physical rehabilitation services departments.
    at ICRC-supported centres.

    The ICRC continued to subsidize the train-


    ing of three Myanmarese technicians at the
    Cambodian School of Prosthetics and
    Orthotics. Furthermore, it organized a two-
    day seminar in Yangon, bringing together
    the Ministry of Defence, the Ministry of
    Health and the National Society, with the
    aim of stimulating interaction between them
    and eventually creating a technical coordi-
    nating body for physical rehabilitation.

    171
    ASIA AND THE PACIFIC MYANMAR

    RED CROSS AND The ICRC:


    RED CRESCENT MOVEMENT
    financially supported 5 eleven-day
    The Myanmar Red Cross Society covered courses on community-based first aid
    the entire country with a network of for 175 volunteers, and 4 six-day courses
    branches in all 17 states and divisions and on disaster assessment and response
    in all 326 townships. While there were no for 210 volunteers; provided first-aid
    paid staff in any of these branches, the teaching kits to 25 township branches;
    National Society could count on some following a series of bomb blasts in
    300,000 volunteers. Yangon, conducted first-aid training for
    the National Society on mass-casualty
    The National Society remained an impor- management;
    tant operational partner for the ICRC, in trained 900 volunteers during 15 field
    particular in the collection and distribution visits;
    of RCMs and the referral of vulnerable financed 10 three-day dissemination
    amputees from remote areas to ICRC- training courses at township level in
    supported physical rehabilitation centres. 6 different states for 265 volunteers
    and police officers.
    Through material and financial support
    and technical assistance for training ses-
    sions, the ICRC, in close collaboration with
    the International Federation, supported
    the National Society’s efforts to build its
    capacities in the areas of conflict prepared-
    ness, tracing, dissemination and mine-risk
    education.

    172
    nepal
    The ICRC initially worked in Nepal out of its
    regional delegation in New Delhi, opening a del-
    egation in Kathmandu in 2001. Its primary aim
    CHINA
    in Nepal is to protect and assist people affected
    by the struggle between the government and the
    Communist Party of Nepal-Maoist. It does so by
    serving as a neutral intermediary between the
    parties, visiting detainees, strengthening com-
    Nepalganj
    Pokhara pliance with IHL and improving care of the
    NE PA L
    wounded. It works closely with the Nepal Red
    KATHMANDU
    Cross Society to assist conflict-affected popula-
    Biratnagar tions, including displaced people, and to maintain
    family links.
    INDIA BANGLADESH

    100 km ICRC/AR.2005

    ICRC delegation ICRC office ICRC prosthetic/orthotic centre

    EXPENDITURE (IN CHF ,000)


    Protection 4,983
    Assistance 2,013
    Prevention 1,068 CONTEXT
    Cooperation with National Societies 1,188
    General - On 1 February 2005, His Majesty King another attack took place on a civilian bus
    Gyanendra dismissed the government and in Kavrepalanchok, killing and injuring
    9,252 declared a state of emergency. Several hun- both soldiers and civilians.
    of which: Overheads 565 dred party activists were arrested, and the
    IMPLEMENTATION RATE media was restricted. India, the United On 3 September, the CPN-M unilaterally
    Expenditure/yearly budget 94.1% Kingdom and the United States suspended declared a three-month ceasefire, and later
    military aid, and several development agen- extended it for another month. During this
    PERSONNEL
    39 expatriates
    cies cut off support to the government. period, it concluded a 12-point understand-
    89 national staff (daily workers not included) King Gyanendra lifted the state of emer- ing with an alliance of seven political parties,
    gency after three months, but continued to which included a call for the election of a
    KEY POINTS exercise executive authority and kept some constituent assembly, under international
    restrictions in place. During the year, the supervision. The CPN-M and the political
    In 2005, the ICRC: High Commissioner for Human Rights parties agreed to work to end what they
    visited people held by the government in opened offices in Nepal and began to mon- called autocratic monarchy, to accept the
    detention facilities around the country,
    itor human rights there. result of multiparty elections and to boy-
    registering 1,492 detainees and improving
    water quality in 18 prisons; also registered cott the elections in 2006 and early 2007.
    116 people held by the Communist Party The Communist Party of Nepal-Maoist The palace did not reciprocate the ceasefire
    of Nepal-Maoist and facilitated the (CPN-M) called many general strikes and refused to discuss it. The parties
    release/handover of 99 people captured (bandhs), and there were frequent clashes responded by organizing protests in the
    by the Maoist movement; between government and Maoist forces, capital and in the districts.
    monitored the conditions of civilians in especially in western areas. In some places,
    conflict-affected areas and made numerous
    “village defence committees” were estab-
    representations to remind both parties of
    their obligation under IHL to protect civilians; lished. In February, in the Kapilbastu dis-
    rehabilitated the water-supply systems in trict, these vigilante groups were implicated
    17 villages in the Mid-Western Region; in rampages which ended in the deaths of
    in cooperation with the Nepal Red Cross 30 people. There were attacks on govern-
    Society, provided relief supplies for nearly ment buildings and acts of retaliation in
    8,700 victims of conflict (including displaced areas of the east that had not previously
    people and families whose breadwinners
    had died, disappeared or been detained);
    been affected by such violence. In response,
    with the help of Red Cross volunteers, new army outposts were set up in the Terai,
    relayed more than 3,000 RCMs, mainly the fertile plain bordering India.
    between detainees and their families.
    In June, a civilian bus was blown up in
    Madi/Chitwan, killing and wounding many
    civilian passengers. Maoist leader Chairman
    Prachanda apologised for the incident and
    promised an inquiry, later announcing that
    those responsible had been detained.
    However, within a few days of the attack,

    173
    ASIA AND THE PACIFIC NEPAL

    MAIN FIGURES AND INDICATORS

    PEOPLE DEPRIVED OF THEIR FREEDOM (All categories/all statuses) CIVILIANS AND PEOPLE DEPRIVED OF THEIR FREEDOM
    Detainees visited 8,456 Economic security, water and habitat
    Detainees visited and monitored individually 2,426 Essential household items Beneficiaries 8,694
    Number of visits carried out 408 Water-supply schemes and sanitation systems
    Number of places of detention visited 247 (completed projects) Beneficiaries 2,909
    RESTORING FAMILY LINKS Habitat structures Beneficiaries 52
    Red Cross messages (RCMs) and reunifications WOUNDED AND SICK
    RCMs collected 1,670 Hospitals supported Structures 7
    RCMs distributed 1,429 Admissions Patients 327
    Tracing requests, including cases of missing persons Physical rehabilitation
    People for whom a tracing request was newly registered 907 Patients receiving services Patients 1,010
    Tracing requests closed positively (persons located) 838 Prostheses delivered Pieces 131
    Tracing requests still being handled at 31 December 2005 792 Orthoses delivered Pieces 13
    Unaccompanied minors (UAMs) and separated children (SCs),
    including unaccompanied demobilized child soldiers
    UAMs/SCs newly registered by the ICRC 21
    UAMs/SCs reunited with their families by the ICRC 1
    UAMs/SCs cases still being handled at 31 December 2005 41

    ICRC ACTION to camps and barracks under the authority civilians; some were caught in crossfire,
    of the Royal Nepalese Army (RNA). In others targeted. In areas that were contested
    Protection activities remained the focus of April, the ICRC suspended its visits to these (in the countryside outside the headquar-
    ICRC operations in Nepal. The organiza- military facilities. The RNA and the ICRC ters of the districts most affected), civilians
    tion’s 13 field teams worked out of offices in then created a high-level working group to were trapped between the demands of the
    Kathmandu, Nepalganj and Biratnagar; serve as a forum to discuss solutions to the opposing sides, frequently forced to coop-
    they travelled in all parts of the country and problems. By the end of the year, the work- erate by one and then punished for collabo-
    had few problems with security. Making ing group had taken measures to address ration by the other. Summary executions
    long trips over rough terrain, often on foot, some of the issues raised by the ICRC, and and other violations of IHL were common-
    multidisciplinary teams maintained a steady the ICRC hoped that its visits to detainees place, and many people remained unac-
    presence in the isolated regions where peo- in army custody could soon be resumed on counted for. Several attacks in the
    ple were most affected by the conflict. They a sounder basis. Mid-Western Region hit electricity distri-
    monitored civilian safety and wellbeing, bution centres, causing power cuts. Trade
    assessing security conditions, the local econ- The ICRC met members of the CPN-M and travel (including for the temporary
    omy, and access to clean water and health leadership at district and regional levels and labour migration on which many impov-
    care. On the basis of their findings, they submitted reports on the conduct of hos- erished families relied) were threatened by
    contacted the authorities and leaders of tilities and the obligation to respect and restrictions on movement imposed by both
    both sides to urge them to take measures protect civilians and detainees. It also visited sides, as well as by violence on the roads.
    to protect civilians and ensure adequate liv- and registered some of the people in the General strikes often interrupted economic
    ing conditions. If needed, they also initiated CPN-M’s custody and facilitated releases and other activities.
    assistance activities. Often implemented in of detainees when they occurred. However,
    cooperation with the Nepalese Red Cross it had difficulty establishing the high-level ICRC teams travelled to areas in which
    Society, this assistance helped improve and sustained dialogue needed to conduct these problems were reported, collecting
    medical care and rehabilitation for the war- visits or address issues of civilian protection allegations of violations of IHL and assess-
    wounded, upgrade water supply in remote more systematically. ing the impact of the conflict on civilian
    villages and provide basic necessities to activity. After discussing the information
    families affected by the conflict. The ICRC and the office of the High gathered with those concerned at the local
    Commissioner for Human Rights in Nepal level, it analysed trends and reported them
    Both the government and the CPN-M established a sustained dialogue in order to to both parties, making recommendations
    accepted the ICRC’s neutrality and role and coordinate their activities in the areas of to address them. Although the rate of inci-
    showed willingness to engage in discussion shared concern. dents reported decreased in the last quarter
    on concerns raised by the organization and of the year, even during the period of the
    to answer some of the questions posed in its ceasefire they were still frequent and serious.
    reports. CIVILIANS
    Families displaced or otherwise
    The ICRC visited people detained in con- Threats to civilian security affected by the conflict
    nection with the conflict in jails, police sta- and livelihood In general, it was still difficult to distinguish
    tions and military facilities. The visits went The Informal Sector Service Centre reported those fleeing violence from wage-earners
    smoothly in jails and police stations run by about 1,000 deaths related to the conflict seeking temporary work in India or more
    the Home Ministry. In contrast, ICRC in 2005, a lower figure than in 2004. As in wealthy districts of Nepal. In Banke, Surkhet
    teams encountered problems during visits previous years, most of those killed were and Dailekh (Mid-Western Region), there

    174
    ICRC ANNUAL REPORT 2005

    were camps where several hundred dis- that materials had to be transported first leaders. The ICRC followed its standard
    placed families stayed, but often civilians by helicopter and then carried for a day or working procedures when visiting these
    fled when hostilities flared up and returned two by mules and porters. Communities and most other detainees held by the Home
    home when it seemed safe again. After vio- voluntarily dug the trenches and laid pipes. Ministry in jails and police stations.
    lence broke out in Kapilbastu (Western Many more villages applied for such
    Region), thousands were reported to have repairs, but because of the harsh weather, The ICRC visited detainees in 20 jails
    fled, at least temporarily, to India. During the ICRC was only able to begin in four located around the country. Most were
    the unilateral ceasefire, no new displace- more villages before the end of the year. By overcrowded, and the ICRC worked with
    ments were registered. that time, it had begun projects aiming the penitentiary authorities to make technical
    to improve the water supply for over assessments and upgrade facilities in 18 jails
    Working with the Nepalese Red Cross, the 10,000 people. It had also conducted technical by improving water supply and access,
    ICRC distributed essential household items assessments and consulted the CPN-M and latrines, showers and kitchen equipment.
    to families affected by the conflict. These villagers to plan for a further expansion This enhanced health conditions for all the
    included displaced people and families who of the programme, particularly in the inmates of these jails, not just those that the
    had lost property or whose breadwinners Taplejung district (Eastern Region). ICRC visited individually. The ICRC met
    had been killed, disabled or detained. the Prison Management Department to gain
    Beneficiaries included 484 families affected Tracing missing persons a broader perspective of the problems in
    by violence in Kapilbastu. Many people remained unaccounted for in prisons and the challenges facing the author-
    connection with the armed conflict. The ities and worked with them to find con-
    8,694 people affected by conflict lack of systematic notification of arrests left structive short- and long-term solutions.
    received essential household items many families wondering if their arrested
    relatives were still alive. The ICRC collected In the first months of the year, the ICRC
    Recruitment of minors allegations of arrest from families, cross- visited detainees held by the RNA. While
    In some areas, particularly in Taplejung dis- checked them with records of detainees it visiting army facilities, it regularly encoun-
    trict (Eastern Region), school-age children had visited and then submitted the names tered problems that left it unable to work
    were abducted or recruited in connection of those who were not found to the effectively. These problems were discussed
    with CPN-M activities. Those subsequently authorities/leadership concerned. Lists of in a meeting with King Gyanendra and the
    captured and released by the government such people were submitted at various levels army chief of staff in March. In April, the
    often encountered threats to their safety of the RNA and the CPN-M. The Human ICRC suspended visits to army facilities. A
    when they returned to their villages, and Rights Cell of the RNA provided answers joint working group was set up with the
    the government had no reintegration pro- on the whereabouts of some of the missing RNA to discuss the ICRC’s concerns and
    gramme for them. The ICRC continued to persons whose names the ICRC had reported find practical solutions that would permit
    work closely with NGOs caring for children as part of the dialogue with the RNA estab- the ICRC to resume visits on a sounder
    until they could return home safely. It lished through the working group (see basis. By the end of the year, the working
    transferred 17 newly released children to People deprived of their freedom). They also group had taken some measures to improve
    shelters in Kathmandu, helping them keep gave notification of persons arrested, which notification of arrest and detention, and the
    in touch with their families by means of allowed the ICRC to inform the families. delegation hoped that its visits to detainees
    RCMs and arranging for relatives to visit The CPN-M provided few answers con- in army custody could soon be resumed.
    them. It also checked on released children cerning people who had gone missing or
    after they had returned to their villages, to were alleged to have been arrested. 8,298 detainees visited, of whom
    make sure that they were safe. 2,309 followed individually (including
    907 cases of people sought by their 253 women and 161 minors;
    Degradation of water and sanitation families newly registered, of which 1,492 newly registered)
    facilities in isolated villages 93 are women and 53 were minors at 391 visits carried out to 232 places
    Villagers in areas no longer reached by gov- the time of their disappearance of detention
    ernment services usually did not know how 838 cases solved and 792 cases still 942 RCMs collected from and
    to maintain their water-supply systems, and being handled by the end of 2005, of 497 delivered to detainees
    even if they did, they were often unable to which 69 are women and 72 were the families of 72 detainees received
    travel to and from the district headquarters minors at the time of their disappearance help to visit their detained relatives
    to obtain the supplies or spare parts needed. 726 RCMs collected and 931 distributed over 2,900 detainees benefited from
    to civilians improved water and sanitation facilities
    In an assessment of the water supply in the
    mountainous district of Jumla (Mid-Western People held by the CPN-M
    Region), one of the areas worst affected by PEOPLE DEPRIVED The ICRC registered and visited people
    the conflict, the ICRC found broken pipes OF THEIR FREEDOM detained by the CPN-M. The CPN-M
    and leaking tanks in the systems supplying released a total of 99 people, and the ICRC
    water in 13 villages. In collaboration with Detainees held in government custody mediated their handover to the government
    the local Red Cross chapter, the delegation The ICRC continued to visit people arrested and ensured their safe passage home in long
    began a project to upgrade the water schemes. in connection with the conflict and held in journeys by foot, car and/or aircraft.
    Red Cross volunteers were trained and they jails and police stations. These included
    began to transport materials (such as pipes, some 200 people arrested by the Nepal 158 detainees visited, of whom 117 fol-
    cement, fittings and tools) to the villages, Police and the Armed Police Force (APF) lowed individually (including 4 women
    train local caretakers and supervise repairs. during the state of emergency, among them and 2 minors; 116 newly registered)
    The road network in the area was so poor several prominent activists and political

    175
    ASIA AND THE PACIFIC NEPAL

    17 visits carried out to 15 places of ARMED FORCES AND OTHER The ICRC cooperated with the Nepal Bar
    detention BEARERS OF WEAPONS Association to organize IHL courses around
    2 RCMs collected from detainees the country for over 300 lawyers. It also
    and 1 delivered to a detainee Army worked with the Federation of Nepalese
    The Royal Nepalese Army had issued a Journalists to introduce IHL to the media
    directive in 2004 that IHL be included in and made presentations on the subject to
    WOUNDED AND SICK all formal training. In 2005, the ICRC nearly 200 representatives of non-government
    worked with the new director of military and human rights organizations.
    Medical care for the war-wounded training to identify the steps and approaches
    In 2005, the ICRC followed cases of war- needed for implementation and to garner The delegation issued press releases and
    wounded patients in hospitals in Nepal. To the top-level support needed for the process. produced publications and radio spots to
    improve the quality of their care, it donated They made plans to work together to develop inform the public about humanitarian
    medical supplies to seven hospitals treating IHL manuals and materials, and the RNA issues and ICRC activities.
    the war-wounded, gave bed-side teaching considered the formation of an IHL train-
    on the care of the war-wounded, conducted ing cell within its Human Rights Cell. The
    emergency first-aid training for paramed- ICRC taught the basics of IHL to nearly RED CROSS AND
    ical staff in the field and participated in two 4,400 soldiers in 40 presentations held in RED CRESCENT MOVEMENT
    related professional conferences. It also made barracks, and gave a three-day course on
    care more accessible and affordable for IHL at the RNA Command and Staff Strengthening neutrality
    235 war-wounded patients by covering the College at Shivapuri. and independence
    cost of their transport to medical facilities Since the onset of the conflict, attacks on
    or of medical expenses that were not other- Police forces Nepalese Red Cross staff, volunteers and
    wise reimbursed. In 2005, personnel from the Nepal Police property have limited the National Society’s
    and the Armed Police Force were deployed ability to work in the areas most affected
    Rehabilitation for the disabled to combat the Maoist insurgency under by fighting. The Nepalese Red Cross worked
    In a programme that began in 2004 in the operational command of the RNA. closely with the ICRC to raise its member-
    Pokhara, the ICRC continued to help the Recognizing the need for a solid grounding ship’s awareness of the conflict’s implica-
    Green Pastures Hospital further develop its in their obligations under IHL and human tions for the National Society’s image and
    rehabilitation services for amputees. As part rights law, both forces progressed in inte- effectiveness, and attacks decreased in 2005.
    of an outreach programme, branches of the grating the subjects into their standard With advice and support from the ICRC,
    Nepal Red Cross Society registered amputees training programmes, but they were con- the National Society continued its efforts to
    in 41 districts. People injured in the conflict strained by a shortage of qualified instruc- reinforce a growing confidence in its neu-
    accounted for 17% of those registered. To tors and a lack of teaching tools. The ICRC trality and independence: these included
    avoid disrupting the centre’s cost-recovery trained IHL/human rights law instructors adopting a Conflict Preparedness and
    mechanisms, the ICRC revised its policy of from the Nepal Police, and conducted IHL Response Policy, adapting its Code of
    providing all prostheses free of charge: it courses for personnel from both forces. Conduct to the conflict environment and
    continued to reimburse the full cost of fit- distributing identity cards.
    ting amputees wounded in the conflict, but The People’s Liberation Army
    for others it based its reimbursement on Although the People’s Liberation Army First-aid training
    financial need. (PLA) indicated an interest in learning The National Society, with ICRC support,
    more about IHL/human rights law, the trained some 500 volunteers to help it bet-
    953 people received rehabilitation ICRC had difficulty maintaining the direct ter respond to the needs of communities
    services, of whom 258 amputees contact with its leadership needed for the affected by the conflict. Volunteers admin-
    123 new patients fitted with prostheses planning and organization of a formal and istered first aid in over 2,000 cases.
    and 13 with orthoses systematic programme of instruction.
    131 prostheses, 13 orthoses and Delegates did, however, meet PLA groups in Family links and IHL promotion
    57 crutches delivered the field and organized sessions with them With support from the ICRC, Red Cross
    on IHL and human rights when they had branches distributed RCMs in all 75 dis-
    the chance. tricts of the country. Promotion by the
    AUTHORITIES National Society of IHL and the Fundamen-
    tal Principles reached some 11,000 people
    The ICRC’s efforts to encourage the ratifi- CIVIL SOCIETY in 35 districts. The ICRC trained 15 dis-
    cation and implementation of IHL instru- semination officers and gave presentations
    ments were slowed down by changes in the The ICRC helped the Kathmandu School of on IHL to Red Cross volunteers.
    government. Legal officers from the Ministry Law develop a one-year postgraduate course
    of Law and Justice attended the regional on IHL/human rights law and conflict Mine action
    IHL teaching session organized by the management, donated a collection of IHL With technical and financial assistance
    ICRC, the UNHCR and India University in books to the law library and conducted a from the ICRC, Nepalese Red Cross youth
    Bangalore, and two senior government offi- one-day training seminar on IHL for teachers volunteers conducted mine-risk education
    cials participated in the regional conference and students. It also cooperated with the for more than 4,200 people, mostly students.
    to launch the ICRC study on customary School of Law to organize an IHL moot-
    international humanitarian law in New court competition at national level, and then
    Delhi (see New Delhi). sponsored the winning team’s participation
    in the regional competition in New Delhi.

    176
    pakistan
    The boundaries, names and designations used
    on this map do not imply official endorsement or
    The ICRC began working in Pakistan in 1981 to
    acceptance. The brown dotted line represents approx-
    imately the Line of Control in Jammu and Kashmir
    assist victims of conflict in Afghanistan. Now
    agreed upon by India and Pakistan. The final status
    of Jammu and Kashmir has not yet been agreed focusing on the situation within Pakistan, its
    upon by the parties.
    activities include: visiting detainees transferred
    CHINA
    IRAN AFGHANISTAN
    from Afghanistan or the Guantanamo Bay Naval
    Station, and seeking access to other security
    Peshawar Muzaffarabad
    Abbottabad
    detainees; improving care of the war-wounded
    ISLAMABAD and the disabled; promoting compliance with
    IHL among military forces; fostering a dialogue
    Quetta
    with the authorities, Islamic scholars and the
    PAKI STA N
    media on issues related to IHL; and helping the
    Pakistan Red Crescent Society improve its capac-
    ity to respond to conflict. The ICRC also assists
    INDIA earthquake victims in Pakistan-administered
    ARABIAN
    SEA Karachi Kashmir.
    200 km
    ICRC/AR_2005

    ICRC delegation ICRC sub-delegation ICRC office

    EXPENDITURE (IN CHF ,000)


    Protection 2,420
    Assistance 55,192
    Prevention 1,254 CONTEXT
    Cooperation with National Societies 836
    General 35 Relations between Pakistan and India In Baluchistan, government forces clashed
    evolved during the year as a “composite with groups demanding autonomy and redis-
    59,737 dialogue” developed at different levels in a tribution of revenues from the exploitation
    of which: Overheads 3,137 variety of domains. Both governments of the province’s natural resources. Clashes
    IMPLEMENTATION RATE agreed on confidence-building measures were most intense around Dera Bugti, the
    Expenditure/yearly budget 96.3% to facilitate economic exchange and site of Pakistan’s largest gas reserves.
    other forms of “people-to-people” contact
    PERSONNEL
    51 expatriates
    between Indians and Pakistanis, reopening In several areas, sectarian tensions triggered
    179 national staff (daily workers not included) long-closed roads, railways and sea routes attacks on mosques and shrines.
    and revising banking policies. A hotline was
    KEY POINTS set up to enable the two nuclear neighbours On 8 October, the most severe earthquake
    to notify each other of missile tests, and both ever to hit Pakistan devastated large areas in
    In 2005, the ICRC: India and Pakistan pledged to take measures the north, killing tens of thousands of peo-
    launched a major operation to deliver over facilitating prisoner release. The ceasefire ple and leaving nearly 3.5 million homeless.
    6,000 tonnes of relief, distributing essential
    declared at the end of 2003 held all year, Entire villages were flattened, and water and
    goods to over 371,000 people in Pakistan-
    administered Kashmir and corrugated leaving areas near the Line of Control (LoC) electricity networks, roads, schools and health
    sheeting for shelter to 35,000; also provided free of the crossfire that had long compro- facilities suffered massive damage. After the
    hospital and primary-health-care services to mised security and trade there. earthquake, Pakistan and India permitted
    thousands of people affected by the disaster; small-scale cross-border movements and
    continued to visit detainees transferred In efforts to combat acts of terrorism, the transport of humanitarian aid through
    to Pakistan from Afghanistan and the Pakistan conducted military and security check posts along the LoC.
    Guantanamo Bay Naval Station and discussed
    operations to hunt out militant outfits
    the ICRC’s detention-related activities
    in Pakistan with the country’s highest around the country. In the wake of the
    authorities; London suicide bombings in July, 700 people
    helped families living in isolated areas were arrested. Military operations target-
    of Pakistan learn the fate of relatives who ing foreign fighters, initiated in 2004, con-
    had died in Afghanistan in 2001; tinued in South Waziristan, but were scaled
    facilitated access to rehabilitation services back after February when the government
    for disabled people living in isolated areas
    of North-West Frontier Province, Federally
    signed the Sararogha peace pact with tribal
    Administered Tribal Areas, Baluchistan leaders. In the second half of the year,
    and Pakistan-administered Kashmir; government forces conducted similar
    engaged in dialogue with academic and operations against foreign elements in
    Islamic circles, gave lectures on IHL to North Waziristan, sometimes facing stiff
    students of leading religious institutes local resistance.
    (madaris) and worked towards an agreement
    with the International Islamic University
    in Islamabad on introducing IHL in
    its curriculum.

    177
    ASIA AND THE PACIFIC PAKISTAN

    MAIN FIGURES AND INDICATORS

    PEOPLE DEPRIVED OF THEIR FREEDOM (All categories/all statuses) CIVILIANS


    Detainees visited 319 Economic security, water and habitat
    Detainees visited and monitored individually 272 Food Beneficiaries 218,949
    Number of visits carried out 15 Essential household items Beneficiaries 371,065
    Number of places of detention visited 4 Water-supply schemes and sanitation systems
    RESTORING FAMILY LINKS (completed projects) Beneficiaries 13,400
    Red Cross messages (RCMs) and reunifications Habitat structures Beneficiaries 35,784
    RCMs collected 914 Health
    RCMs distributed 1,032 Health centres supported Structures 5
    People reunited with their families 4 Consultations Patients 16,143
    Tracing requests, including cases of missing persons Immunizations Activities 5,206
    People for whom a tracing request was newly registered 374 WOUNDED AND SICK
    Tracing requests closed positively (persons located) 29 Hospitals supported Structures 13
    Tracing requests still being handled at 31 December 2005 365 Admissions Patients 952
    Unaccompanied minors (UAMs) and separated children (SCs), Operations Operations performed 700
    including unaccompanied demobilized child soldiers Physical rehabilitation
    UAMs/SCs newly registered by the ICRC 150 Patients receiving services Patients 1,897
    UAMs/SCs reunited with their families by the ICRC 4 Prostheses delivered Pieces 301
    UAMs/SCs cases still being handled at 31 December 2005 84 Orthoses delivered Pieces 437
    DOCUMENTS ISSUED
    People to whom travel documents were issued 10

    ICRC ACTION regular flights transporting Red Cross and Red the organizations registering unaccompa-
    Crescent staff and other humanitarian work- nied children.
    Throughout the year, the ICRC continued ers to and from major cities in Afghanistan.
    its activities for people affected by conflict.
    It visited detainees who had been trans- With a delegation in Islamabad, an office CIVILIANS
    ferred to Pakistan from Afghanistan or the in Muzaffarabad and a logistic centre in
    Guantanamo Bay Naval Station, where they Peshawar already in place, the ICRC was Assisting the displaced
    had been held in connection with the 2001 able to react quickly when the earthquake To escape the sporadic crossfire at the
    conflict in Afghanistan. After their release, struck in northern Pakistan in October. LoC, several thousand people had sought
    the delegation checked on their well-being In less than a week, it had begun distribut- shelter in valleys in the Northern Areas
    at home. Through a dialogue with the ing relief, evacuating the wounded and (Skardu) and Pakistan-administered Kashmir
    authorities, which included a meeting in helping survivors contact their families. (Muzaffarabad) between 1999 and 2003.
    October between its president and President On 21 October, it opened a 100-bed field Many returned to their villages in 2004 after
    Musharraf, the ICRC sought access to other hospital in Muzaffarabad. It also set up the ceasefire improved security there, but
    categories of security detainees. basic health units in areas cut off by road some could not go home because their vil-
    damage. The ICRC and the International lages had been destroyed, contaminated by
    Although it had no direct access to the areas Federation established a joint logistic hub mines or cordoned off as military zones. The
    in Waziristan where military operations in Islamabad and Mansehra and agreed on ICRC improved the water supply for some
    were under way, the ICRC helped cover the the division of responsibilities: the ICRC 400 IDPs still in camps and helped them
    medical costs of people injured there in coordinated operations in affected areas approach the authorities about other needs.
    fighting and transferred elsewhere for med- of Pakistan-administered Kashmir, while
    ical care. In other areas along the Afghan the International Federation covered those in Tracing the missing and helping
    border, it improved refugees’ access to phys- the North-West Frontier Province (NWFP). maintain family links
    ical rehabilitation services, delivered RCMs Mobilizing experienced staff, materials and The ICRC continued to help Afghan refugees
    and helped families confirm the fate of rel- vehicles from delegations in the region and maintain contacts with family members via
    atives who had been killed in Afghanistan beyond, as well as from a number of inter- the tracing and RCM network and issued
    in 2001. nationally active National Societies, the travel documents for refugees travelling to
    ICRC rapidly built up relief deliveries and countries that had granted them asylum.
    The ICRC monitored the conditions of peo- medical care in the Neelum and Jhelum Most of the RCMs relayed were between
    ple who had been affected by pre-ceasefire valleys. Under the harsh weather condi- detainees held in Guantanamo Bay, Pakistan
    crossfire at the LoC, maintaining small- tions, it took as many as 10 helicopters and or Afghanistan and their families. Refugees
    scale assistance to displaced persons, some 200 vehicles to cover this large and living in camps near the border had already
    returnees and amputees. It closely followed rugged area. The ICRC worked with the found other ways of communicating with
    developments in Baluchistan. Pakistani Red Crescent to distribute the family members in Afghanistan, so few used
    relief, and coordinated with other agencies the RCM network for that purpose. In 2005,
    From its logistic base in Peshawar, the del- involved both at ground level and in the ICRC informed 38 families in Pakistan
    egation also supported ICRC operations in Islamabad. The ICRC was designated by the of the fate of their relatives who died in
    Afghanistan. Aircraft based there kept up Pakistani authorities as lead agency among fighting in Afghanistan in 2001.

    178
    ICRC ANNUAL REPORT 2005

    The ICRC and the Pakistani Red Crescent work themselves. The ICRC also repaired Medical services for earthquake
    also worked together to help earthquake water systems in urban centres and in towns survivors
    survivors contact relatives. To begin with, or villages where it had set up basic health With the support of the Norwegian, Finnish,
    field teams provided a phone service in care units. German and Japanese Red Cross Societies,
    remote villages when carrying out needs the ICRC started evacuating the wounded
    assessments; they soon began relaying mes- distributed over 6,000 tonnes of within days of the earthquake and deployed
    sages and helping locate relatives of people assistance, providing essential goods first-aid/triage teams in areas where there
    who had been evacuated or had migrated to to over 317,000 people, food to were many injured people. On 21 October,
    urban areas. A website was set up to record nearly 219,000 and corrugated sheeting it opened a general referral field hospital in
    the names of people seeking or being sought to over 35,000 Muzaffarabad, and soon increased the hos-
    by their relatives. 13,400 people had their water supply pital’s capacity from 100 to 130 beds to
    improved by projects completed, and accommodate an influx of patients, mostly
    The Pakistani Ministry of Social Welfare projects were ongoing for 6,000 more women and children. It also set up basic
    and Special Education designated the ICRC health care units in Muzaffarabad, Pattika
    as the lead agency for registering unaccom- and Chinari to supply services no longer
    panied children in order to find and reunite PEOPLE DEPRIVED available because health facilities had been
    them with their families. OF THEIR FREEDOM destroyed. Initially, the units mostly treated
    earthquake injuries but soon shifted to pro-
    898 RCMs collected from civilians At the end of 2004, 500 people previously viding standard primary health care, such as
    and 980 distributed to them held in Afghanistan and Guantanamo Bay immunization, maternity care and hygiene
    374 new cases opened of people were repatriated and put in preventive deten- promotion, and organizing outreach activ-
    sought by their relatives, of whom tion in Pakistan for security screening. The ities in nearby villages. The ICRC also set
    99 were women and 113 were minors ICRC had free access to them and was able up a mother and child health unit in Cham
    29 people sought by their families were to carry out visits in accordance with its (Jhelum valley).
    located; 365 cases were still pending standard procedures. Following the release
    at the end of 2005 of more than 200 of the detainees, ICRC 700 people given urgent care via
    150 unaccompanied children registered; field staff checked on their well-being at medical evacuations
    65 reunited with their relatives and home and provided them when necessary 1,245 people treated by temporary
    84 cases still pending at the end with assistance or help in getting medical first-aid/triage teams
    of the year care. It also visited those kept in custody over 750 patients admitted to the
    1,884 phone calls were made by earth- in jails in the Punjab and NWFP, distribut- ICRC field hospital and 700 operations
    quake survivors to relatives ing some assistance. The ICRC pursued its performed
    722 names recorded on the ICRC family- dialogue with the detaining authorities in 15,547 curative (about half to women)
    links website to re-establish family links order to gain access to other categories of and 596 maternal consultations, and
    after earthquake security detainees. 5,206 immunizations given in basic
    health units
    Assisting earthquake survivors 319 people visited (272 monitored
    In coordination with the authorities and individually, none newly registered) Rehabilitation for the disabled
    humanitarian organizations present, the during 15 visits to 4 places of detention In isolated areas bordering Afghanistan and
    ICRC initially planned to assist 150,000 earth- 16 RCMs collected from detainees India, the ICRC helped improve access to
    quake survivors. When the extent of the and 52 distributed to them rehabilitation services for disabled people
    disaster became clear, it extended its assis- 229 released detainees checked on who could neither reach centres that were
    tance programme, which focused on areas at home; 112 of them assisted located in cities nor pay for their services.
    around the Neelum and Jhelum valleys in In Baluchistan, it helped one hospital reor-
    Pakistan-administered Kashmir. Half of ganize and upgrade its rehabilitation serv-
    the people who received ICRC relief lived WOUNDED AND SICK ices. Owing to security constraints, it had to
    in places that could only be reached by postpone plans to set up mobile units to
    helicopter. Because they took up less room Medical services for the war-wounded serve Afghan refugees living in camps near
    in helicopters and could be used with The ICRC continued to reimburse the costs the border, but it did fit 12 disabled people
    materials salvaged from destroyed houses of medical care and transport for people in one camp with orthopaedic appliances
    to create better winter shelter, the ICRC injured in fighting, assisting 288 patients during a trial visit. In NWFP, the ICRC trans-
    chose to provide tarpaulins rather than treated in surgical facilities in Peshawar or ported 384 people to the ICRC-run rehabil-
    tents, delivering them along with blankets Quetta. It also reimbursed the costs of med- itation centre in Jalalabad (Afghanistan).
    as a first priority. It then distributed half- ical treatment of Afghan refugees in the Those who could not cross the border were
    rations of rice, pulses, ghee, sugar, salt and camps it visited and of the detainees who referred to the rehabilitation centre of the
    tea, as well as clothing, jerrycans and had been released (see People deprived of Peshawar Institute of Prosthetic and Orthotic
    kitchen sets. When it became clear that their freedom). Services (PIPOS), which the ICRC reim-
    more materials were needed to provide suf- bursed for the services provided. Late in the
    ficient shelter in winter, the ICRC airlifted As it was unable to assess medical facilities in year, the ICRC also began providing PIPOS
    corrugated iron sheeting, ropes, nails and areas of Waziristan where military opera- with materials, components and the basic
    tools for people living at altitudes above tions were under way, the ICRC made plans to equipment needed to adopt polypropy-
    1,200 metres, and hired carpenters to build assist two hospitals in Bannu and Tank that lene technology. In Pakistan-administered
    shelters for people such as widows, the eld- served as first relay stations for patients injured Kashmir, the ICRC began making referrals
    erly, or the disabled who could not do the in clashes in North and South Waziristan. to the Fauji Foundation Artificial Limb

    179
    ASIA AND THE PACIFIC PAKISTAN

    Centre in Rawalpindi just before the CIVIL SOCIETY First aid and ambulance services
    earthquake hit. It restarted the activity in The Pakistani Red Crescent often deployed
    December and began training staff there in In order to foster exchange on the relation- ambulances and first-aid workers at events
    polypropylene technology. ship between IHL and Islamic law, the del- around the country, and its ambulances
    egation gave lectures on IHL-related topics responded to several bombings and riots.
    The authorities estimated that over in five religious schools. It also briefed jour- The ICRC, which had previously donated
    1,000 survivors had been disabled as a result nalists on its activities and issues related to several ambulances, helped fund 55 first-
    of the earthquake. The ICRC included IHL, and organized a presentation on IHL aid training courses for over 1,500 partici-
    earthquake victims in the referral criteria for the national Human Rights Commission. pants around the country. It also agreed to
    of the above-mentioned programmes and support the National Society in a branch-
    began plans to set up a new rehabilitation The ICRC worked to enhance IHL study in development programme in Pakistan-
    facility in Muzaffarabad. universities. It held a training course at the administered Kashmir.
    Higher Education Commission to qualify
    3 physical rehabilitation facilities more lecturers to teach IHL, and selected Restoring family links and
    supported and trained another team for the Jean promoting IHL
    1,897 patients (399 amputees) treated Pictet international moot-court competition. The ICRC helped fund National Society
    at ICRC-supported facilities Karachi University began offering a course publications and programmes promoting
    211 new patients fitted with prostheses, on IHL, and the ICRC supplied it with the Fundamental Principles. It worked
    374 fitted with orthoses reference materials for its library. closely with the National Society to main-
    301 prostheses (216 for mine/ERW tain the RCM network and helped fund its
    victims) and 437 orthoses (24 for mine The delegation maintained regular contact tracing department. After the earthquake,
    victims) delivered with representatives of the national and joint ICRC/Pakistani Red Crescent teams
    235 crutches and 41 wheelchairs delivered international media, giving interviews and visited hospitals, camps for those displaced
    issuing press releases. Following the earth- by the earthquake and villages in affected
    quake, it highlighted the Movement’s activ- regions, helping survivors contact or trace
    AUTHORITIES ities in Pakistan-administered Kashmir relatives (see also Civilians).
    through extensive networking with jour-
    To serve as a basis for prioritizing measures nalists and community leaders.
    for implementing IHL, the ICRC commis-
    sioned the Pakistan Research Society of
    International Law (RSIL) to conduct a study RED CROSS AND
    comparing national legislation with the RED CRESCENT MOVEMENT
    requirements of IHL treaties. The study was
    completed in 2005. While the official launch Earthquake relief
    was postponed because of the earthquake, After the earthquake, the Pakistani Red
    the RSIL, with ICRC support, organized a Crescent concentrated on assisting sur-
    workshop to present its findings to officials vivors. The ICRC supported its earthquake
    of key ministries and departments, who relief activities in Pakistan-administered
    showed a keen interest in drafting a Geneva Kashmir, and the International Federation
    Conventions Act. The ICRC also enabled supported them in NWFP. The National
    representatives of key government bodies Society sent professional staff from the
    to attend IHL events abroad such as the Punjab and recruited many volunteers,
    regional launch of the ICRC study on cus- including some who had earlier been trained
    tomary international humanitarian law through ICRC-supported first-aid pro-
    (see New Delhi). grammes. Red Crescent staff and volunteers
    participated in the distribution of more
    than half of the ICRC’s earthquake relief,
    ARMED FORCES AND OTHER and the ICRC provided logistical facilities
    BEARERS OF WEAPONS for Pakistani Red Crescent distributions.

    The Pakistani armed forces progressed in The Movement response to the earthquake
    their programme to integrate IHL into the helped over a million survivors. ICRC and
    doctrine, teaching and training of all three International Federation operations in
    branches. The ICRC trained IHL instructors affected areas were conducted with emer-
    and gave technical support to the three forces gency response units and staff from over
    for drawing up a plan of action for 2005. 10 National Societies; in addition, many
    The delegation also gave presentations on other National Societies operated relief
    IHL for Frontier Corps troops deployed in activities independently. In December, the
    the Federally Administered Tribal Areas. Pakistani Red Crescent organized a meeting
    The relationship developed with the armed for all Movement components active in
    forces through these activities facilitated the the country.
    close coordination with the military that
    helped ensure smooth functioning of the
    earthquake relief effort.

    180
    philippines
    In the Philippines, where the ICRC has been
    working since 1982, the delegation assists and
    LUZON protects civilians displaced or otherwise affected
    by armed clashes between the government and
    PACIFIC
    SOUTH CHINA MANILA OCEAN insurgent groups, primarily on the southern
    SEA
    island of Mindanao. It acts as a neutral inter-
    P H I L I P P I N ES MINDORO mediary between opposing forces in humanitarian
    matters, visits security detainees and works with
    VISAYAS
    the Philippine National Red Cross, through its
    PALAWAN
    network of regional chapters and local branches,
    to assist displaced people and promote compliance
    with IHL.
    SULU SEA
    MINDANAO

    Cotabato
    Zamboanga Davao
    BASILAN
    MALAYSIA Jolo
    200 km CELEBES SEA
    ICRC/AR.2005

    ICRC delegation ICRC sub-delegation

    EXPENDITURE (IN CHF ,000)


    Protection 1,642
    Assistance 384
    Prevention 746 CONTEXT
    Cooperation with National Societies 311
    General - Popular support for President Gloria There were developments in the peace nego-
    Macapagal Arroyo was reported to have tiations between the government and the
    3,082 declined significantly since her contested Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF) dur-
    of which: Overheads 188 election in June 2004. In spite of some ing several rounds of talks held under the
    IMPLEMENTATION RATE improvements in the macro-economic auspices of Malaysia and supported by the
    Expenditure/yearly budget 97.9% situation, the country remained heavily international community. The most con-
    in debt and dependent on the remittances tentious issues of governance and ancestral
    PERSONNEL
    8 expatriates
    of its huge pool of overseas labourers. domain, however, remained to be settled,
    61 national staff (daily workers not included) The political climate remained polarized and further clashes between the two sides
    throughout the year. were reported.
    KEY POINTS
    Despite the reconstitution of a peace panel In August, elections for the 15-year-old
    In 2005, the ICRC: with the National Democratic Front (NDF) Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao,
    increased its presence in conflict-prone in early 2005, there was still no sign of a covering five provinces, took place without
    areas, including Luzon and Visayas, in order
    solution to the armed conflict between violence, though observers reported voting
    to further develop its contacts and dialogue
    with the parties to the conflict, to monitor the government and the opposition group. irregularities.
    the situation of the civilian population and to The New People’s Army (NPA) – the armed
    improve its response to the needs of victims; wing of the NDF – was reported to have
    conducted missions to Sulu (off-limits to heightened its attacks, especially in
    the ICRC for several years for security Mindanao, Luzon and Visayas. The end of
    reasons); with the National Society, provided the year saw an increase in tensions.
    8,700 displaced families with food and
    essential household items; reminded the
    parties of their obligation to respect IHL In February, indiscriminate bombings in
    and protect civilians; public places in Manila and in two key cities
    visited some 69,000 detainees, following up in Mindanao left 8 people dead and over
    593 individually and, with the National 150 wounded.
    Society, enabling 210 to receive visits from
    family members; carried out urgent, The security situation remained tense in
    small-scale improvements to prison infra-
    structure and provided medical assistance
    Mindanao’s province of Sulu throughout
    to detainees in emergency cases; the year, with sporadic fighting between the
    continued activities to raise awareness of government armed forces and the Moro
    and respect for IHL among the authorities, National Liberation Front (MNLF), as well as
    armed forces, various armed groups and the Abu Sayyaf Group. More than 200 fight-
    certain sectors of civil society; ers from each side were reported killed and
    strengthened its dialogue and cooperation
    thousands of civilians were displaced.
    with the National Society at headquarters
    and during joint activities with chapters
    located in conflict areas, reinforcing the
    National Society’s capacity to respond to
    emergency situations.

    181
    ASIA AND THE PACIFIC PHILIPPINES

    MAIN FIGURES AND INDICATORS

    PEOPLE DEPRIVED OF THEIR FREEDOM (All categories/all statuses) CIVILIANS AND PEOPLE DEPRIVED OF THEIR FREEDOM
    Detainees visited 67,212 Economic security, water and habitat
    Detainees visited and monitored individually 593 Food Beneficiaries 56,543
    Number of visits carried out 212 Essential household items Beneficiaries 42,239
    Number of places of detention visited 110 Water-supply schemes and sanitation systems
    RESTORING FAMILY LINKS (completed projects) Beneficiaries 3,278
    Red Cross messages (RCMs) and reunifications WOUNDED AND SICK
    RCMs collected 8 Hospital supported Structure 1
    RCMs distributed 15 Admissions Patients 77
    Physical rehabilitation
    Patients receiving services Patients 16
    Prostheses delivered Pieces 16

    ICRC ACTION including mentally ill inmates, received in Sulu, reminding all parties involved
    special attention. Where necessary, the of their obligations and responsibilities
    To enable better coverage of the country in ICRC made small-scale ad hoc improve- under IHL. Similar statements were regu-
    2005, both in the south (Mindanao) and ments to prison infrastructure, such as larly repeated orally to various contacts
    the north (Luzon and Visayas), the ICRC increasing ventilation and installing bunk and through local radio broadcasts in areas
    increased the number of delegates and beds, in an attempt to alleviate the effects affected by clashes.
    national staff in the Philippines. It main- of severe overcrowding.
    tained and extended its network of gov- The ICRC’s involvement in following up
    ernment and non-governmental contacts The ICRC maintained a dialogue with the cases of missing persons was mainly con-
    in those regions through regular field armed forces and police both in the field centrated in the provinces of Samar and
    missions to monitor the situation of the and at headquarters and carried out activi- Visayas. During various meetings and
    civilian population. For the first time in ties to promote the further integration of dissemination sessions, the ICRC also
    several years, the ICRC conducted missions IHL (or international human rights law stressed that minors should not participate
    to the island of Sulu, previously off-limits in the case of the police) into training in armed conflict.
    for security reasons, where violent clashes and operations. The ICRC also conducted
    erupted in February and November. a dissemination event for members of With ICRC support, the Philippine National
    armed opposition groups and entered into Red Cross continued to organize basic dis-
    The ICRC assessed the needs of thousands dialogue regarding further such events in semination sessions at village level with a
    of displaced people in Mindanao and the the future. view to reaching all actors that could have
    Sulu archipelago. With the support of the an impact on the humanitarian situation,
    National Society, it provided them with food Together with the National Society and the including members of armed opposition
    and non-food assistance while ensuring national IHL committee, the ICRC contin- groups. The work of the National Society
    proper coordination with the authorities ued to encourage the judicial and political complemented the ICRC’s more targeted
    and other humanitarian organizations. authorities within congress, administration dissemination programme for armed and
    People wounded as a result of the armed and departments of the government to security forces and other weapon bearers (see
    conflict were assisted by the ICRC medical coordinate efforts to further the national Armed forces and other bearers of weapons).
    team directly or had the cost of their treat- implementation of IHL instruments.
    ment elsewhere covered by the ICRC. 2 RCMs collected from and
    The delegation also continued to promote 9 distributed to civilians
    The ICRC developed a more operational awareness of IHL among future decision-
    working relationship with the Philippine makers through contact with universities. Assisting the displaced
    National Red Cross. It held meetings to During the year, the ICRC and the National
    improve coordination and boost emergency- Society assisted vulnerable civilians dis-
    response capacities in conflict situations CIVILIANS placed by armed conflict, providing food,
    with the 28 National Society chapters in essential household items and hygiene
    Mindanao. Protecting civilians goods according to need.
    A large proportion of the civilian popu-
    Throughout the year, ICRC delegates lation, including indigenous peoples, in The ICRC conducted four missions to the
    carried out visits to detainees, including rural areas of the Philippines continued to island of Sulu, following clashes between
    foreign nationals, held in connection with live in proximity to fighting between insur- the government armed forces, the MNLF
    insurgency, secession or the global “fight gents and security forces. The ICRC made and the Abu Sayyaf Group. It provided
    against terrorism”, as well as to military per- several oral and written representations material and technical support to the
    sonnel detained in connection with the regarding alleged IHL violations to the National Society in responding to the
    2003 Oakwood mutiny. Delegates assessed parties responsible at local level and at the needs of IDPs; it also reminded the parties
    the treatment of detainees and their condi- highest levels of command. In February, of their obligation to respect IHL and pro-
    tions of detention. Vulnerable groups such the delegation issued a public statement in tect civilians in situations of armed conflict
    as women, minors, the elderly and the sick, relation to the conflict that had erupted and during relief operations.

    182
    ICRC ANNUAL REPORT 2005

    some 57,000 IDPs (over 11,400 families) more than 10 tonnes of soap for personal AUTHORITIES
    given food, essential household items hygiene. In specific situations, the ICRC
    or hygiene articles, 43,500 of whom assisted wounded or sick detainees by facil- The ICRC maintained its wide range of
    (8,700 families) in Sulu itating and paying the cost of their medical high-quality contacts with the national
    treatment, including surgical operations authorities, including the executive, judi-
    The difficult living conditions and the health and the fitting of prostheses. cial and legislative branches of government
    situation of IDPs lodging either in centres and the Office of the Presidential Advisor
    or with relatives were among the concerns Further to representations by the delega- on the Peace Process. Links were also
    addressed by the ICRC. It began assessing tion to the Bureau of Jail Management and maintained with the secretariats of the
    IDP centres in Sulu and Cotabato, with a Penology and to the city mayor regarding Joint Monitoring Committee, the Joint
    view to improving the water and sanitation the overcrowding in Antipolo City Jail in Coordinating Committee of the Cessation
    infrastructure, rehabilitating local water Manila, an area adjacent to the prison was of Hostilities, and the International
    networks, installing water tanks and gener- fenced off to create additional space both Monitoring Group, stationed in Mindanao
    ally improving water flow and quality. indoors and outdoors. ICRC medical staff under Malaysian military command.
    administered scabies treatment and assessed
    Access to medical care was regularly moni- health conditions in the prison in general. The government took further steps towards
    tored, and specific medical cases were referred After data collection and analysis, the ICRC ratification of the Hague Convention on
    to health facilities, with the treatment paid made recommendations to improve the Cultural Property and its first protocol and
    for by the ICRC. inmates’ nutritional status and, in a few cases, of the 1977 Additional Protocol I.
    provided direct assistance. It planned to
    continue monitoring the detainees in 2006. The ICRC continued to work closely with the
    PEOPLE DEPRIVED national IHL committee, which comprised
    OF THEIR FREEDOM On 14 March, an escape attempt by inmates both government and non-government
    of the Metro Manila District Jail led to a members and was chaired by the Philippine
    The ICRC carried on its visits to detainees confrontation which resulted in the deaths National Red Cross. Ratification of the Rome
    held in facilities under the responsibility of 28 people. The ICRC provided dressing Statute remained firmly on the committee’s
    of the Bureau of Jail Management and materials and medicines to 12 wounded agenda, as did consideration of the various
    Penology, the provincial authorities and the detainees. Subsequently, it carried out a med- options for legislation governing the use of
    Bureau of Corrections. Access to inmates ical assessment and submitted its findings the emblem.
    held by the armed forces was, however, and recommendations to the authorities.
    limited to the detention facilities in Metro The committee organized a national con-
    Manila. sultative conference in November, which
    WOUNDED AND SICK brought together over 150 representatives of
    The ICRC, through the National Society, the government, armed forces, civil society
    continued to facilitate family visits to In Mindanao, the ICRC regularly provided and the National Society. The conference
    detainees by covering the travel costs of medical assistance to victims of clashes, urged the priority passage of IHL-related
    close relatives. indiscriminate attacks or explosive devices. laws still pending in congress. In addition,
    It sought to work increasingly with a num- the committee and the ICRC encouraged
    212 visits carried out to 67,212 detainees, ber of specialized government agencies congress and various government depart-
    including 593 monitored individually, and health centres to make them more sys- ments to resume discussions on the adop-
    in 110 places of detention tematically involved in providing medical tion of a comprehensive IHL bill. A draft
    223 detainees received family visits assistance, physical rehabilitation and psy- law on the repression of war crimes was
    thanks to the assistance of the ICRC chological support to these victims. forwarded to a technical working group,
    6 RCMs collected from detainees and created by the Committee on Justice, for
    6 delivered to them During the year, the ICRC: further study.

    The ICRC also kept track of members of covered the cost of treating 77 wounded
    the armed forces who fell into the hands of people who required at least one major
    insurgent groups and reiterated to the chief surgical procedure;
    of staff of the armed forces its offer of serv- covered the cost of delivering
    ices as a neutral intermediary to follow up 16 prostheses and 24 crutches and
    the fate of the captured soldiers. walking sticks to amputees;
    provided equipment and supplies
    Improving living conditions to medical facilities treating ICRC
    for inmates beneficiaries in the most vulnerable
    The ICRC held regular operational meet- provinces of Mindanao;
    ings with the authorities to address the supplied selected medical facilities in
    main shortcomings in conditions of Sulu regularly treating the war-wounded
    detention and to propose solutions. It with materials and equipment.
    undertook emergency projects in several
    jails to improve either the ventilation sys-
    tem, waste-disposal system or access to
    water or to construct additional bunk
    beds. Furthermore, 25,831 inmates received

    183
    ASIA AND THE PACIFIC PHILIPPINES

    ARMED FORCES AND OTHER Cross staff. With ICRC support, the Prior to 2005, the ICRC and Philippine
    BEARERS OF WEAPONS National Society continued to organize National Red Cross had jointly imple-
    basic dissemination sessions at village level mented a village-level dissemination pro-
    Armed forces (see Civilians). gramme. In 2005, the ICRC continued to
    The ICRC had had well-established coop- support the activity financially and techni-
    eration with the Armed Forces of the In addition, the ICRC: cally, but it was carried out solely by the
    Philippines (AFP) for many years, and when National Society.
    conflict broke out in Sulu in February, the conducted an IHL awareness session
    AFP renewed its commitment to comply for 65 members of the MILF; The National Society continued to imple-
    with IHL. In 2005, the ICRC worked to on the island of Sulu, opened a dialogue ment the ICRC programme enabling
    strengthen its relations with the AFP in the with the MNLF faction and received people to visit their detained relatives
    field. The ICRC organized a three-day IHL requests for support for training in IHL; through 44 of its 93 chapters.
    seminar for 20 key divisional training offi- where possible, sought dialogue in the
    cers and operational commanders from field with the NPA. With ICRC support, the National Society
    the army, navy and air force units at the continued to chair the national IHL
    Southern Command. Training materials committee.
    were also provided for use in the units’ CIVIL SOCIETY
    field training exercises.
    The delegation continued to develop closer
    During the year, the ICRC: cooperation with, and organize briefing
    sessions for, NGOs and selected segments
    gave IHL instruction to 175 officers of civil society to improve understanding
    taking part in the training course of the of and support for ICRC activities. Events
    Command and General Staff College; included a one-day IHL seminar for
    enabled AFP officers to participate in 80 representatives of academia, NGOs, the
    an IHL course in San Remo; media, diplomatic missions and govern-
    provided financial support for the ment institutions.
    AFP to produce additional copies of
    core printed and electronic materials The ICRC conducted the fifth and final
    on IHL; training course in a series on IHL for
    distributed 15 key ICRC publications 25 university lecturers in Luzon. In
    to the command structures and training September, a first ever national moot-court
    institutions of all three forces. competition was organized with the par-
    ticipation of eight teams from various law
    Police schools. The ICRC also sponsored the par-
    The ICRC pursued its protection-related ticipation of two teams from the University
    dialogue with police units in conflict-prone of the Philippines in the regional IHL
    areas and gave field dissemination sessions moot-court competition held in Hong Kong
    on the mandates and activities of the ICRC and one team in the Jean Pictet competition
    and the National Society. It stepped up in France.
    contacts with police authorities at national
    level and with the two institutions that Editing of the Asia-Pacific Yearbook on IHL
    shared responsibility for training police was under way in preparation for its publi-
    staff in international human rights law cation in 2006 by the law centre of the
    relevant to policing. University of the Philippines.

    In addition, the ICRC organized:


    RED CROSS AND
    a five-day basic awareness course RED CRESCENT MOVEMENT
    for 75 members of the regional and
    provincial mobile groups from The Philippine National Red Cross was an
    throughout the Autonomous Region important partner for the ICRC in meeting
    in Muslim Mindanao; the needs of people affected by conflict. The
    a two-day awareness-raising and ICRC supported maintenance of the vehicle
    needs-assessment workshop for 20 senior fleet in eight chapters and donated a four-
    officers at police headquarters. wheel-drive vehicle to the Sulu chapter.

    Armed groups Progress was made in introducing the


    Establishing and maintaining a dialogue “Safer Access” approach in the training
    with members of armed opposition groups sessions and the preparedness measures
    remained fundamental to ensuring the adopted by regional disaster-response teams.
    protection of civilians caught up in armed A basic life-support first-aid training semi-
    clashes, as well as the security and access nar was organized for Red Cross volunteers
    of ICRC and the Philippine National Red in Sulu.

    184
    sri lanka
    The ICRC has worked in Sri Lanka since 1989.
    INDIA
    Jaffna Operations currently focus on: protecting civil-
    Kilinochchi Puthukkudiyirippu ians from violations of IHL, including the
    Mullaittivu
    Mallavi
    Mankulam
    recruitment of minors by armed groups; ensur-
    Mannar
    ing the safe passage of civilians into and out of
    Vavuniya
    the Vanni; visiting detainees; supporting mili-
    Trincomalee
    Anuradhapura Mutur
    tary training in IHL; improving primary health
    care, water supply and economic security in iso-
    Polonnaruwa INDIAN OCEAN
    lated conflict-affected communities in the north
    INDIAN OCEAN SR I L A N K A Batticaloa and east; and helping the parties resolve the
    EASTERN
    PROVINCE issue of missing persons. In the north and east,
    Kandy Ampara
    Akkaraipattu
    the ICRC also coordinates the Red Cross and
    COLOMBO Red Crescent response to the tsunami.

    50 km
    ICRC/AR.2005

    ICRC delegation ICRC sub-delegation ICRC office

    EXPENDITURE (IN CHF ,000)


    Protection 6,126
    Assistance 18,288
    Prevention 1,426 CONTEXT
    Cooperation with National Societies 1,847
    General 6 Hit by the tsunami just days before the year agreement had been in effect. As a reaction
    began, Sri Lanka struggled throughout to the assassination, the European Union
    27,693 2005 to recover from the worst natural dis- imposed a travel ban on all LTTE represen-
    of which: Overheads 1,470 aster in its history. The tsunami devastated tatives to its member countries. Tension
    IMPLEMENTATION RATE the island’s eastern and southern coastal between the LTTE and a breakaway faction
    Expenditure/yearly budget 83.1% areas, killing more than 35,000 people and led by the former LTTE military com-
    leaving half a million homeless. Most of the mander, Karuna, persisted, leading to more
    PERSONNEL
    73 expatriates
    damage was in areas of the north and east violence in the east of the country.
    434 national staff (daily workers not included) where the population had not yet recovered
    from the destruction and isolation caused In November, Mahinda Rajapakse was elected
    KEY POINTS by years of conflict between the government president on a platform that questioned the
    and the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam peace process. In December, military per-
    In 2005, the ICRC: (LTTE). Large-scale emergency assistance sonnel were killed and hundreds of civilians
    provided medicines and medical supplies helped keep survivors alive, provide tempo- were hurt, intimidated or displaced in what
    and reinforced staff to help maintain
    rary shelter and food and avoid the epi- were the worst ceasefire violations since the
    hospital services disrupted by the tsunami;
    in transit camps for tsunami victims, demics that often come in the wake of such agreement went into effect. This brought
    delivered household necessities to almost a large-scale disaster. By mid-year, aid had the conflict’s death toll for the year up to
    139,000 people, provided plastic sheeting begun shifting towards rehabilitation and 380 people, with some 600 more wounded.
    and tents, improved water supply and helped reconstruction, and at year end the displaced
    survivors restore contact with their families; had moved to semi-permanent housing,
    repaired wells, gave basic health care and schools had started again, and there were
    provided fishing gear, seeds, fertilizers and
    still resources available to fund ongoing
    tools to help villagers in isolated areas
    recover from the effects of conflict and/or reconstruction.
    the tsunami;
    visited detainees in prisons and police The effectiveness of the emergency response
    stations and continued to seek access to all did not, however, revive the peace process.
    security detainees in the LTTE’s hands; Although the government and the LTTE
    worked to obtain the release of minors cooperated to get aid through to survivors
    recruited by armed groups and followed up
    on other reported violations of IHL;
    in the initial stages of the emergency, the
    kept up a full-time presence at crossing effort to set up a joint mechanism for the
    points, fostering economic and other types distribution of assistance in the north and
    of exchange by facilitating the passage of east met stiff political opposition and was
    civilians and goods into, out of or through finally abandoned. The number of ceasefire
    the Vanni. violations and political assassinations
    increased dramatically as the year went on.
    In response to the assassination of the
    Minister of Foreign Affairs in August, the
    government imposed emergency regulations
    for the first time since the 2002 ceasefire

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    ASIA AND THE PACIFIC SRI LANKA

    MAIN FIGURES AND INDICATORS

    PEOPLE DEPRIVED OF THEIR FREEDOM (All categories/all statuses) CIVILIANS


    Detainees visited 22,430 Economic security, water and habitat
    Detainees visited and monitored individually 435 Essential household items Beneficiaries 138,941
    Number of visits carried out 275 Agricultural inputs and micro-economic initiatives Beneficiaries 35,931
    Number of places of detention visited 87 Water-supply schemes and sanitation systems
    RESTORING FAMILY LINKS (completed projects) Beneficiaries 141,808
    Habitat structures Beneficiaries 6,500
    Red Cross messages (RCMs) and reunifications
    Health
    RCMs collected 62
    Health centres supported Structures 20
    RCMs distributed 43
    Consultations Patients 38,627
    Tracing requests, including cases of missing persons
    WOUNDED AND SICK
    People for whom a tracing request was newly registered 200
    Hospital supported Structure 1
    Tracing requests closed positively (persons located) 92
    Admissions Patients 3,333
    Tracing requests still being handled at 31 December 2005 6,128
    Operations Operations performed 546
    DOCUMENTS ISSUED
    People to whom travel documents were issued 12
    People to whom a detention attestation was issued 106

    ICRC ACTION To help communities in the north and east other Tamil parties, but they also often
    recover from the effects of isolation related affected civilians. The recruitment of minors
    When the tsunami struck, the ICRC to conflict, the ICRC distributed seeds and continued through the year. The ICRC
    responded immediately. Working closely tools to communities that, while far enough gathered allegations of such IHL violations
    with the Sri Lanka Red Cross Society and inland not to be directly hit, had still been and transmitted information and recom-
    internationally active National Societies, it hurt by the tsunami’s impact on trade with mendations to the authorities or groups
    provided survivors in the north and east coastal areas. It also helped maintain safe concerned. It also systematically approached
    with health care, water and shelter and water supply in isolated areas that water the LTTE to ask for the release of minors
    helped them contact their families. These authorities had difficulty covering, and reported recruited, with special attention to
    activities were coordinated with the gov- worked with four partner National Societies cases under 15 years old; if release was
    ernment, local authorities and other inter- to help the Sri Lankan Red Cross develop granted, it requested a certificate to ensure the
    national organizations involved in tsunami primary health services in several impover- child’s freedom of movement and security.
    relief. The ICRC coordinated some ished areas with poor access to medical care.
    20 Movement components working in the Both parties requested that the ICRC keep
    areas affected by the conflict (north and The delegation continued to support law- up its full-time presence at crossing points,
    east), while the International Federation makers’ and military forces’ efforts to meet facilitating passage to and from the Vanni.
    coordinated those working in the rest of the their obligations under IHL. It organized a Opening hours were extended to allow
    island. To cover the costs of the tsunami workshop on practical aspects of the imple- relief goods to reach tsunami victims.
    response, the ICRC extended its budget for mentation of the Convention on Certain Remaining steady in spite of increasing ten-
    the operation from CHF 10.7 to 33.3 million. Conventional Weapons, to which Sri Lanka sion in the north and east, this traffic was
    had acceded in 2004. The Sri Lankan army vital to reviving the trade and other activities
    When the emergency was over, the ICRC completed a five-year programme for devel- that helped residents in these areas recover
    turned most of its tsunami operations over oping its IHL training. Having given the from years of isolation created by the conflict.
    to Movement partners. By mid-year, it had programme financial, technical and material The ICRC’s presence facilitated:
    shifted its focus back to its ongoing activi- support, the ICRC carried out an evalua-
    ties in favour of victims of conflict, even tion to identify what follow-up would help over 8.3 million crossings by individuals;
    though it retained its coordination role sustain the training. over 205,000 crossings by vehicles with
    until the end of the year. cargo.
    As the violence escalated, the ICRC made
    As violent incidents and arrests increased, sure it had the staff, stocks and logistic Although the number of vehicle crossings
    the ICRC stepped up its visits to prisons capacities to respond to any new emergencies. registered was lower than the previous year,
    and police stations and intensified its this was because in 2005 only vehicles with
    follow-up of allegations of IHL violations. It cargo were counted.
    continued to request that the LTTE release CIVILIANS
    recruited minors and grant the ICRC access The missing
    to all security detainees in its hands. After Civilian security and freedom After the government and LTTE had asked
    compiling data on over 10,000 people who of movement the ICRC to look into the matter during the
    went missing during the conflict in the In 2005, there was a marked increase in fourth round of peace talks at Bangkok in
    1990s, the delegation prepared a report to conflict-related violence, mostly in the January 2003, the delegation began a long
    seek clarification of their fate and offer north and east. Incidents usually targeted process of visiting families to update and
    recommendations for preventing further members of the security forces, LTTE cadres verify the data it had collected on people
    disappearances. and members of the Karuna faction or reported missing during over a decade of

    186
    ICRC ANNUAL REPORT 2005

    conflict. This work was finished, and in Primary health care national policy on well maintenance. In the
    2005 the data collected was consolidated in isolated villages east, the ICRC also carried out a survey of
    and analysed, providing the basis for two The ICRC worked in partnership with 100 hand pumps that it had built in previ-
    separate reports that the ICRC prepared National Societies to help the Sri Lankan ous years, to help determine the best way
    for submission to the parties in 2006. Red Cross develop community-based pri- to offer further support to the NWSDB.
    Altogether listing some 10,000 missing mary health care in isolated areas of the
    civilians and combatants missing in action north and east. In the Vanni, the Canadian 141,808 people had water quality
    and reporting the circumstances of their Red Cross maintained its support to Red improved
    disappearance and the actions the ICRC Cross health centres providing basic health 215 water points built/maintained
    had taken on their behalf, the report services for a population of some 90,000 and water quality monitored in
    requested clarification of their fate, identified people. The programme expanded its activ- 1,600 wells in the north and east;
    ways to strengthen legislation and forensic ities in hygiene promotion. In Batticaloa, 60 wells rehabilitated and 15 water-
    practices and outlined other measures that the Norwegian Red Cross trained commu- distribution systems built in transit
    could either prevent further disappearances nity health promoters and community camps
    or help surviving families cope. health volunteers to work in 10 villages and
    made plans to add 10 more. At the end of Enhancing economic security
    In December, the ICRC organized two work- the year, volunteers were still in training in Homeless tsunami victims were sheltered
    shops to train army and police personnel the Swedish Red Cross project covering in public buildings, often schools, then later
    in the recovery and treatment of human 12 villages in Trincomalee and in the transferred to transit camps. The govern-
    remains. It also opened new tracing requests Danish Red Cross project on islands off the ment and the WFP provided them with
    on behalf of families looking for people Jaffna peninsula. food. The ICRC distributed tents and/or
    who had disappeared recently and pre- essential items such as tarpaulins, jerrycans,
    sented them to the authorities concerned. In the wake of the tsunami, staff and volun- clothes, bedding materials, hygiene items
    teers of these programmes were deployed in and kitchenware. It also helped improve the
    200 new people sought by their families transit camps, where they administered first livelihoods of people in 20 villages that
    registered; 92 people located aid and promoted hygiene. The ICRC also were located in areas affected by conflict
    families sought 6,128 relatives via trac- supported a Sri Lankan Red Cross mobile and either hit by the tsunami or suffering
    ing cases still pending by end of 2005 health team in Trincomalee that provided from its economic effects.
    curative and preventive services for a popu-
    Restoring family links lation of some 25,000 people during the The ICRC also pre-positioned emergency
    In the wake of the tsunami, the ICRC emergency. stocks of essential household items in case
    worked with the Sri Lankan Red Cross and of further emergencies.
    a number of internationally active National over 100,000 tsunami survivors in
    Societies to help survivors contact families camps had living conditions improved over 140,000 tsunami victims received
    via satellite phones and a website, visiting through ICRC health promotion tents and/or essential household goods
    some 340 camps to offer these services to 4,063 patients (more than 50% of them nearly 36,000 people affected by the
    thousands of tsunami victims. The Sri women) treated by the mobile health conflict and the tsunami benefited from
    Lankan Red Cross subsequently took over team in Trincomalee agricultural or microeconomic
    unresolved cases related to the tsunami, and 34,564 consultations given in 19 Red initiatives such as distribution of seeds,
    the ICRC returned its focus to problems Cross health centres in the Vanni fertilizers, gardening tools, or fishing
    related to the conflict. In December, the equipment
    National Society began a long-term tracing Better water quality
    cooperation project, supported by the in the north and east
    ICRC and the American Red Cross and The ICRC continued to help the National PEOPLE DEPRIVED
    intended to strengthen its tracing activities Water and Sewage Development Board OF THEIR FREEDOM
    following natural disasters or in other non- (NWSDB) maintain a safe water supply in
    conflict situations. the north and east. In an area where wells Detainees held by the government
    often dried out in the hot season and where Emergency regulations imposed in August
    19 RCMs collected from civilians and the system for the repair of hand pumps increased the period of time people could
    34 distributed to them could not cover all areas, displacement and be held in temporary places of detention. In
    1,087 names of people alive or missing contamination caused by the tsunami cre- visits to both prisons and police stations,
    and searched by their families posted on ated new problems in water supply. The the ICRC monitored the treatment and
    the “Family Links” website ICRC concentrated first on providing water conditions of nearly 300 people detained by
    Over 1,700 survivors made use of and improving sanitation in shelters for the government in connection with the
    satellite phones to contact their over 30,000 tsunami victims in transit conflict. It also helped pay the transport
    relatives, mainly abroad camps. By mid-year, its engineering staff costs of relatives coming to visit them. As
    Mail kits (envelopes, stamps, paper and had resumed work in rural areas affected by the mail service in prisons worked relatively
    pens) distributed to some 2,400 families conflict. This involved monitoring well- well, there was little need for RCMs.
    in the North of the country water quality, building or repairing water
    points and training caretakers in basic To help the authorities improve overall
    maintenance. In addition, the ICRC pro- conditions and deal with the effects of over-
    vided the NWSDB with technical support crowding, the ICRC continued to visit all
    to identify new sites for post-tsunami prisons in the country. It also supplied
    reconstruction and provided input on recreational items (indoor/outdoor games,

    187
    ASIA AND THE PACIFIC SRI LANKA

    books, educational material) for 8,500 3,333 inpatients were treated; The ICRC gave briefings on IHL to Sri
    inmates of government-run prisons. 36,385 outpatient consultations were Lankan troops preparing to leave for Haiti
    made. on a peace-keeping mission and to officers
    22,105 detainees visited, of whom deployed in the north and east. Overall, the
    328 followed individually (including By mid-year, the ICRC had handed this ICRC addressed 1,252 officers of all three
    18 women and 14 minors; 223 newly support over to the German and Canadian armed services on issues related to the
    registered) Red Cross Societies. A workshop on war ICRC’s mandate and the basic tenets of
    199 visits carried out to 66 places surgery, initially planned for autumn, was IHL. In addition, it sponsored one senior
    of detention postponed until 2006. officer from each service to participate in
    21 RCMs collected from detainees and an IHL course in San Remo.
    6 delivered to detainees
    the families of 124 detainees received AUTHORITIES
    help in covering the cost of transport Police and security forces
    to visit their detained relatives In 2004, Sri Lanka acceded to the Convention The ICRC worked with the Special Task
    on Certain Conventional Weapons and its Force, the paramilitary unit of the police, to
    Detainees held by the LTTE Protocols II, III and IV. In September 2005, acquaint 26 instructors with human rights
    The ICRC made regular visits to police sta- the ICRC and the national IHL committee and humanitarian principles. In Vavuniya
    tions and some prisons where detainees co-hosted a two-day workshop on the and Ampara, it briefed police officers on
    were held by the LTTE for common crimes. national implementation of these instru- basic human rights principles.
    The LTTE had not yet authorized the ICRC ments. The workshop was attended by rep-
    to visit people detained for reasons of secu- resentatives of the armed forces and police
    rity. The only exception was the case of and the Ministries of Defence, Foreign LTTE
    three Sri Lankan police officers held by the Affairs and Relief, Rehabilitation and The ICRC made a presentation on IHL to
    LTTE in Kilinochchi, for whom the ICRC Reconciliation. the military wing of the LTTE in Batticaloa
    organized the first visit of family members and Ampara and continued to explore pos-
    from Colombo. The ICRC sponsored a Sri Lankan delega- sibilities for extending such activities.
    tion comprising representatives of the three
    The ICRC approached the Karuna faction ministries concerned to participate in a
    in order to gain access to detainees in its meeting of national IHL committees from CIVIL SOCIETY
    hands. In November, it visited a detainee it the Commonwealth (see Nairobi). It also
    had been seeking pursuant to a tracing enabled a second delegation to attend the The tsunami response was a focus of com-
    request. Upon her release, the ICRC helped Asian launch of the ICRC study on custom- munication to the public during the year;
    reunite her with her family. ary international humanitarian law (see it was conducted in accordance with a joint
    New Delhi) and began plans to follow it up communication strategy formulated, under
    325 detainees held by the LTTE visited with a national event. the ICRC’s lead, by the Movement steering
    of whom 107 followed individually platform (see Red Cross and Red Crescent
    (including 12 women and 6 minors; Movement).
    63 newly registered) ARMED FORCES AND OTHER
    76 visits carried out to 21 places of BEARERS OF WEAPONS The ICRC continued to encourage instruc-
    detention run by the LTTE tion and research in IHL at university level.
    22 RCMs collected from detainees and Armed forces With the University of Colombo, it co-
    3 delivered to detainees In the final year of its five-year plan to inte- organized the first national IHL moot-
    the families of 14 detainees received grate IHL into training and teaching, the Sri court competition. It sent the winning team
    help in covering the cost of transport to Lanka Army (SLA) was reaching hundreds to the first regional Henry Dunant moot-
    visit their detained relatives of officers and thousands of rank and file court competition in New Delhi, and spon-
    through IHL training that it conducted sored the participation of three of the
    independently both in the field and in its university’s law lecturers in the 7th Annual
    WOUNDED AND SICK training establishments. It also trained its South Asia Teaching Session on IHL in
    own IHL trainers and distributed the IHL Bangalore (see New Delhi). The ICRC also
    Support for hospital services training manual that it had produced. In gave IHL presentations to law students.
    In the first half of the year, the ICRC helped July and August, a joint ICRC/SLA evalua-
    re-establish health services in the north and tion found that while there were minor
    east that had been disrupted by the dam- points for improvement, army IHL training
    age and chaos caused by the tsunami. This programmes were running well and officers
    included providing tents for temporary and ranks understood and accepted IHL.
    health facilities, as well as improving water
    supply and sanitation, repairing buildings The ICRC continued to encourage the air
    and generators, and medicines and materi- force and navy to develop similar training
    als for various health centres. For the hospital programmes. It gave lectures on IHL to offi-
    in Puthukkudiyirippu, in the Vanni, the cers at the headquarters of both services
    ICRC, together with the German Red and conducted three IHL seminars at an air
    Cross, provided staff to help restore hospital force training facility in Trincomalee and
    services in which: two basic IHL courses for navy officers at
    training schools in Trincomalee and Punawa.

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    ICRC ANNUAL REPORT 2005

    RED CROSS AND Movement action


    RED CRESCENT MOVEMENT In an unprecedented influx of international
    support, more than 70 National Red Cross
    The ICRC worked closely with the Sri and Red Crescent Societies contributed to
    Lanka Red Cross Society in a number of the Movement response to the tsunami.
    programmes for victims of conflict and The Movement took on projects in both
    natural disaster, and the ICRC and the emergency relief and recovery, giving priority
    International Federation jointly supported to the reconstruction of houses, health
    the National Society’s development. The facilities and water schemes.
    ICRC funded and/or gave technical or
    material support to a number of the To ensure the coherence of a response of such
    National Society’s programmes, notably: scope and complexity, all of the Movement
    components involved set up a coordination
    first aid services at the crossing point framework which included a steering plat-
    into the Vanni at Omanthai; form, a task force for overseeing implemen-
    training in hygiene promotion for tation, and committees to deal with technical
    community-based health programmes issues in different fields. Of the 20 National
    (see Civilians); Societies with tsunami-relief operations in
    promotion of the Movement and IHL; the country, 16 worked in the north and
    family links (see Civilians). east. For issues of security, communication
    and contacts with the authorities, the ICRC
    Responding to the tsunami was a major assumed the lead role for Movement activities
    challenge for the Sri Lankan Red Cross, and in the north and east.
    a number of its activities planned before
    the disaster had to be postponed.

    189
    bangkok
    CHINA Since first establishing a presence in Bangkok in 1979 to
    support its operation in Cambodia, the ICRC has worked
    VI ETN A M
    to promote the ratification and implementation of
    MYANMAR humanitarian treaties and the integration of IHL into mil-
    L AO S
    Chiang itary training in all the countries covered. It strives to raise
    Mai
    awareness of issues of humanitarian concern among all
    Mae Sot sectors of society and supports the National Societies of
    TH AI L AN D the region in developing their dissemination and tracing
    BANGKOK CAMBODIA SOUTH
    activities. The ICRC continues to visit detainees of concern
    Battambang CHINA
    SEA
    in Thailand and Cambodia and to work towards protecting
    Phnom Penh vulnerable population groups. The ICRC prosthetic/orthotic
    Kompong
    Speu project in Cambodia contributes to meeting the need for
    affordable, good-quality prostheses.

    500 km ICRC/AR_2005
    MALAYSIA COVERING
    ICRC regional delegation ICRC office Cambodia, Laos, Thailand, Vietnam
    ICRC-supported prosthetic/orthotic centre

    EXPENDITURE (IN CHF ,000)


    Protection 1,373
    Assistance 2,783
    Prevention 1,325 CONTEXT
    Cooperation with National Societies 768
    General 25 Violence persisted in the southern, mainly Vietnam continued to integrate further
    Muslim, provinces of Thailand. Bombings, into the international community and
    6,273 shootings and armed clashes between mili- aimed to obtain a seat as a non-permanent
    of which: Overheads 383 tants and security forces had reportedly member of the United Nations Security
    IMPLEMENTATION RATE caused at least 496 deaths by the end of the Council. The country's Central Highlands
    Expenditure/yearly budget 96.7% year, with a further 993 people wounded. region attracted more development and the
    Victims of the conflict in the border areas situation there eased. A limited number of
    PERSONNEL
    18 expatriates
    of Myanmar continued to spill over into people from minority groups returned to
    54 national staff (daily workers not included) Thailand. No progress was reported in rela- Vietnam from Cambodia.
    tion to a potential ceasefire between the
    KEY POINTS Karen National Union and the government
    of Myanmar.
    In 2005, the ICRC:
    continued to visit detainees in Thailand In Cambodia, the political, social and eco-
    and Cambodia;
    nomic situation remained strained. Arrests
    visited vulnerable resettled minority
    communities in Laos; with the National of opposition activists increased.
    Society, constructed gravity-fed water
    systems and latrines in 4 resettlement
    villages;
    continued efforts to promote IHL in
    the region; held one-day seminars on the
    subject in Laos and Vietnam, and made
    progress in integrating IHL into the training
    of the armed forces of the same two
    countries, as well as into the training of
    the Thai security forces;
    began producing prostheses and orthoses at
    the Kompong Speu physical rehabilitation
    centre, Cambodia, which the ICRC had
    taken over and renovated in 2004, and
    welcomed the increase in financial support
    for the centre from the Cambodian Ministry
    of Health;
    continued to monitor the situation in
    the southern provinces of Thailand and
    expanded its network of contacts to raise
    their awareness of the organization, its
    mandate and activities.

    190
    ICRC ANNUAL REPORT 2005

    MAIN FIGURES AND INDICATORS

    PEOPLE DEPRIVED OF THEIR FREEDOM (All categories/all statuses) 1 WOUNDED AND SICK 2
    Detainees visited 6,318 Physical rehabilitation
    Detainees visited and monitored individually 299 Patients receiving services Patients 7,846
    Number of visits carried out 48 Prostheses delivered Pieces 1,970
    Number of places of detention visited 21 Orthoses delivered Pieces 1,285
    RESTORING FAMILY LINKS
    Red Cross messages (RCMs) and reunifications
    RCMs collected 190
    RCMs distributed 120
    DOCUMENTS ISSUED
    People to whom travel documents were issued 69
    1. Cambodia and Thailand
    2. Cambodia only

    ICRC ACTION As in past years, the ICRC worked with the teams and experts. People searching for
    region’s armed forces towards the integration news of relatives were able to consult the
    The ICRC and the Ministry of Foreign of IHL into their doctrine and training pro- ICRC website (www.familylinks.icrc.org).
    Affairs of the People's Republic of China grammes. The Lao Ministry of Defence
    reached an agreement on the opening of a approved a plan of action for army training 81 RCMs collected from and
    regional delegation in Beijing to cover in IHL and the country's first ever course 68 delivered to civilians
    China, the Democratic People's Republic of for IHL instructors took place. In addition, 77 tracing requests received from
    Korea, the Republic of Korea and Mongolia. the ICRC initiated discussions on imple- the Cambodian Red Cross for
    From July onwards, therefore, the Bangkok mentation of a new IHL training plan for cross-checking
    delegation covered Cambodia, Laos, Thailand the Vietnam People's Army. In Thailand, a 69 travel documents issued
    and Vietnam only. first training session took place for high-
    ranking officers from the security forces. Protecting and assisting
    The ICRC continued to visit detainees held vulnerable civilians
    in Cambodia and Thailand to monitor ICRC programmes aimed at strengthening In southern Thailand, the ICRC had built
    their treatment and conditions of detention the capacities of the National Societies, par- up a network of contacts with leaders,
    and report confidentially to the authorities ticularly in the areas of dissemination and opinion-makers and educational and reli-
    on its findings. It also improved living and tracing, continued. The ICRC reinforced gious authorities and continued to enhance
    sanitation conditions for detainees in five cooperation with the Lao Red Cross on their understanding of the organization's
    prisons in Cambodia. assistance projects for vulnerable popula- protection mandate and activities (see Civil
    tion groups. Society).
    The ICRC pursued protection activities for
    civilians, monitoring the treatment of minor- While delivering RCMs collected from
    ity groups in Laos and improving their living CIVILIANS detainees and organizing prison visits for
    conditions. It also kept in contact with the relatives of detainees, the ICRC rein-
    armed opposition groups from Myanmar Restoring family links forced contacts with the civilian population
    present in the Thai border area to ensure The ICRC maintained its tracing and RCM in areas most affected by violence.
    respect for IHL and to obtain the necessary services to enable civilians in the region to
    security guarantees for ICRC operations. restore and maintain contact with their rel- In Thailand, the ICRC was also in regular
    atives. In Thailand, the services facilitated contact with representatives of Myanmar
    To raise awareness of its protection man- contact between refugees from Myanmar opposition groups and various local and
    date and activities and the basic rules of living mainly in camps along the border international organizations to help it mon-
    IHL, the ICRC organized several events for and their relatives back home. itor the situation of Myanmar refugees living
    the general public in southern Thailand, in Thailand.
    including religious leaders, university lec- The ICRC delegation issued travel docu-
    turers and students, as well as for Myanmar ments to individuals of various nationalities, The ICRC continued to monitor the treat-
    NGOs in exile in the northern border enabling them to leave their host country ment and living conditions of vulnerable
    regions of Thailand. legally. minorities throughout the region. In Laos,
    the ICRC and the Lao Red Cross carried
    As a major player in the provision of phys- Following the tsunami in the Indian Ocean out an assessment mission to nine resettle-
    ical rehabilitation services in the region, the in December 2004, the Thai authorities ment villages and carried out water projects
    ICRC continued supporting two centres approached the ICRC regarding tracing in four of the villages. Later in the year, the
    and a component factory in Cambodia. It matters. The ICRC met officials of various ICRC and National Society provided material
    also continued to cover the cost of treating ministries to give advice. The Thai author- assistance to another group of 159 people.
    war-wounded patients from Myanmar in ities then assumed full responsibility for all
    Thai hospitals. tracing and identification matters, working
    in close cooperation with foreign forensic

    191
    ASIA AND THE PACIFIC BANGKOK

    4 gravity-fed water systems constructed creating a water-distribution network repaired 2,251 prostheses and
    and 323 household latrines built connected to existing reservoirs in 243 wheelchairs on location;
    benefiting 300 households (2,800 peo- one prison and a rainwater collecting delivered 415 pairs of crutches and
    ple) in 4 villages; 20 National Society system in another; 219 wheelchairs;
    volunteers from 10 villages trained in water trucking; arranged appointments for
    first aid and hygiene promotion providing tools, wheelbarrows and 907 amputees to have their artificial
    blankets, mats, stoves and fishing and garbage cans, jerrycans, brooms, mats, limbs replaced at the Battambang or
    farming implements distributed to soap, gloves, buckets, hoes and shovels; Kompong Speu centres.
    159 people, and school uniforms and treating 1,350 inmates for scabies.
    notebooks handed out to the In a new memorandum of understanding
    75 children among them signed in December, the Ministry of Health
    WOUNDED AND SICK agreed to increase its financial input for the
    projects.
    PEOPLE DEPRIVED As part of its programme to finance the
    OF THEIR FREEDOM medical treatment of war-wounded patients Vietnam
    from Myanmar in Thai hospitals, the ICRC There were an estimated 75,000 amputees
    In Thailand, the ICRC visited places of continued to cooperate with international in Vietnam. Between 1989 and 1995, the
    detention under the responsibility of the and local medical organizations working ICRC helped the government set up pro-
    Department of Corrections. A first summary along the Thai-Myanmar border. duction of prosthetic/orthotic components
    of the ICRC’s findings and its recommen- at the Ho Chi Minh City rehabilitation cen-
    dations regarding conditions of detention 88 people (including 60 victims of tre. The ICRC Special Fund for the Disabled
    were submitted in writing to the management landmines) given financial assistance for (SFD) took over this support in 1995,
    of the Department of Corrections in August. medical care becoming the largest provider of prostheses
    in Vietnam (see the SFD Annual Report at
    The ICRC established contacts with the Physical rehabilitation www.icrc.org).
    police force at national and regional levels to
    discuss access to detainees in police custody. Cambodia
    According to official estimates, there were AUTHORITIES
    179 detainees monitored individually some 60,000 disabled people in Cambodia,
    during 30 visits to 11 places of deten- among them 36,000 mine victims. The ICRC The ICRC pursued its dialogue with the
    tion in Thailand, including 106 newly continued to support the regional physical authorities of the respective countries to
    registered rehabilitation centre in Battambang and to help accelerate accession to IHL treaties
    51 RCMs distributed to and manage and partially fund the manufacture and their implementation at domestic level.
    108 collected from detainees of prosthetic/orthotic components at the
    81 close relatives enabled to visit national component factory in Phnom In Laos, the translation of the Geneva Con-
    28 security detainees originally from the Penh. Production of appliances began at ventions and Additional Protocols I and II
    southernmost provinces and being held the Kompong Speu regional physical reha- into the national language was completed
    at prisons both in the south and in bilitation centre, which the ICRC took over by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. In addi-
    Bangkok and renovated in 2004. tion, a one-day seminar was organized by
    the ministry, the Lao Red Cross Society and
    In Cambodia, the ICRC visited all places of 2 centres and 1 component factory the ICRC to address issues of IHL and
    detention under the authority of the Prison supported international human rights law, national
    Department. 7,846 patients received services at implementation and humanitarian action.
    the 2 centres It was attended by high-ranking public ser-
    6,139 detainees visited during 18 visits 910 new patients fitted with prostheses vants from various ministries.
    to 10 places of detention in Cambodia, and 735 with orthoses
    including 120 monitored individually 1,970 prostheses (1,760 for mine In Vietnam, the compendium of
    (1 newly registered) victims), 1,285 orthoses (59 for mine Vietnamese translations of the main IHL
    victims), 2,459 crutches and 501 wheel- treaties – prepared by the Ho Chi Minh
    During visits, the multidisciplinary team chairs delivered political academy with the support of the
    found that the rainwater collecting tanks 10,460 prosthetic/orthotic components Swiss embassy and the technical support
    installed by the ICRC in one of the prisons and 9,590 crutches manufactured at the of the ICRC – was completed and
    in 2004 had solved the water problems in factory launched during a one-day seminar on IHL
    that particular facility. The team worked to implementation.
    improve further the living conditions in The ICRC prosthetic/orthotic team carried
    certain of the places it visited. Five prisons out 22 outreach field trips of three to five In Thailand, discussions took place with the
    housing a total of 3,939 detainees benefited days each from Battambang and 34 one-day Ministry of Foreign Affairs regarding legal
    from improved water supply and sanitation trips from Kompong Speu to assess the issues related to accession to 1977
    conditions. Work included: needs of amputees who found it difficult to Additional Protocol I, which the Thai
    travel. During the trips, the team: authorities were working towards.
    installing 400 household water filters on
    the cell walls to maximize the sleeping assessed the condition and needs of
    area and ensure free access to drinkable 4,132 patients;
    water;

    192
    ICRC ANNUAL REPORT 2005

    ARMED FORCES AND OTHER Armed groups deputy heads of various National Society
    BEARERS OF WEAPONS Leaders of armed opposition groups from departments.
    Myanmar based in Thailand were briefed
    Promoting IHL among periodically on ICRC activities and the In Cambodia, the ICRC carried out a field
    the armed forces need to respect IHL. They provided the visit to monitor the functioning of the
    In Cambodia, a structured and monitored ICRC with the necessary security guaran- National Society’s tracing service in the
    IHL training programme was carried out tees so that it could continue its activities provinces and participated in its yearly
    autonomously by the training directorate in the area. tracing training workshop, which was
    of the Royal Cambodian Armed Forces. attended by 29 tracing officers.
    During the year, 83 one-day IHL sessions
    were held by IHL instructors in the six mil- CIVIL SOCIETY The delegation's tracing delegate spent
    itary regions at brigade, battalion and com- one week at the tracing service of the
    pany level, reaching some 4,000 officers. IHL was not considered a priority by the Vietnamese Red Cross and visited Ho Chi
    The ICRC provided the training directorate governments in the region, their concerns Minh branch to give advice on how to
    with a new batch of 12,000 basic IHL reference being focused more on economic and com- improve its tracing services.
    booklets for the IHL module of a one-day mercial matters. The ICRC, therefore,
    training course. increased its contacts with specialized insti- IHL promotion
    tutes, opinion-makers and political leaders The ICRC continued to provide technical
    The Lao Ministry of Defence approved a to familiarize them with humanitarian issues. and financial support and training to
    plan of action for integrating IHL into the increase the National Societies' capacities to
    training of the Lao People's Army. As part In 2005, three dissemination sessions were promote the Fundamental Principles and
    of the plan, the translation and production conducted for 103 members of Islamic the basic rules of IHL. The Viet Nam Red
    of the basic IHL legal texts and 4,000 refer- councils, imams, representatives of the gov- Cross assisted the ICRC in reactivating IHL
    ence documents were completed and the ernment and Thai Red Cross volunteers. An promotion within the Vietnam People’s
    first ever workshop for Laotian IHL instruc- IHL seminar was held for 17 representatives Army.
    tors was organized. The event was coordi- of different lawyers’ associations. Further-
    nated and organized closely with two more, the ICRC held several dissemination Representatives of the Thai Red Cross and
    Laotian officers, whom the ICRC had spon- sessions on its protection mandate and the Thai Ministry of Education took part in
    sored to participate in a course at the San activities and the basic rules of IHL for the the ICRC's regional training seminar on the
    Remo institute. general public in Thailand. It also held four Exploring Humanitarian Law programme
    dissemination sessions on the ICRC for in Malaysia (see Kuala Lumpur).
    In Thailand, the ICRC made a formal visit about 100 members of Myanmar NGOs in
    to Chulachomklao Royal Military Academy exile in Thailand and international organi-
    to finalize a cooperation agreement. It also zations involved in the Myanmar context.
    maintained contact with the Supreme
    Command, which invited the organization The ICRC pursued efforts to have IHL per-
    to give a presentation at an IHL seminar manently integrated into the curricula of tar-
    held in March. The ICRC was once again geted academic institutions. To this end, it:
    invited to participate in the joint Thai-US
    Cobra Gold training exercise. sent 7 people to the first South-East
    Asian teaching session in Malaysia (see
    Efforts to relaunch joint activities with the Kuala Lumpur) and organized a second
    Vietnam People's Army met with a session in Bangkok for 18 law lecturers
    favourable response. The ICRC renewed from the 4 countries covered by the
    contacts with the army's Civil Affairs delegation;
    Department and began discussions on with a Thai university, organized an
    implementation of a new plan of action for IHL event for 20 lecturers and students.
    training.

    Police RED CROSS AND


    The ICRC organized a dissemination session RED CRESCENT MOVEMENT
    for 14 commanding officers from all the The ICRC maintained regular contact with
    southern provinces at the headquarters of the International Federation at various levels
    the Royal Thai Police in April on respect for in Bangkok to harmonize activities and
    basic humanitarian principles and human ensure the two organizations used a similar
    rights while conducting police operations approach when working with the National
    in situations of internal disturbances. A Societies.
    first training session for 20 high-ranking
    officers from the Thai security forces was Tracing
    jointly organized with the Ministry of After the tsunami, the ICRC and the Thai
    Defence to introduce the ICRC DVD To Red Cross Society agreed to cooperate to
    Serve and To Protect. improve the National Society's tracing
    capacity. In May, the ICRC held a two-hour
    tracing seminar for some 25 heads and

    193
    beijing
    The ICRC opened its Beijing regional delegation in
    RUSSIAN FEDERATION
    September 2005. As of 1987, it covered the region from
    Hong Kong and, for the past eight years, from Bangkok.
    The delegation fosters support among governments,
    DEMOCRATIC experts and National Societies for ICRC activities in the
    KAZAKHSTAN PEOPLE’S
    MONGOLIA REPUBLIC region and worldwide. It continues to promote the rat-
    OF KOREA
    Songrim ification and implementation of humanitarian treaties
    KYRGYZ REP. REPUBLIC
    BEIJING
    OF KOREA
    and the integration of IHL into military training. It also
    TAJIKISTAN
    promotes IHL among civil society, in particular aca-
    CHINA demic institutions. It supports the National Societies of
    the region in developing their dissemination and tracing
    activities. ICRC/National Society prosthetic/orthotic
    NEPAL
    BHUTAN projects in China and the Democratic People’s Republic
    INDIA Kunming of Korea contribute to meeting the need for affordable,
    BANGLADESH SOUTH
    CHINA good-quality prostheses.
    MYANMAR SEA
    LAOS
    800 km VIETNAM
    THAILAND ICRC/AR_2005
    COVERING
    ICRC regional delegation ICRC-supported prosthetic/orthotic centres China, Democratic People’s Republic of Korea,
    Republic of Korea, Mongolia

    EXPENDITURE (IN CHF ,000)


    Protection 28
    Assistance 3,132
    Prevention 1,433 CONTEXT
    Cooperation with National Societies 824
    General 3 East Asia enjoyed peace in 2005 and wit- Although exchanges between the China
    nessed speedy development, predominantly mainland and Taiwan increased and there
    5,420 in terms of trade and economics, which were significant developments, no mutually
    of which: Overheads 331 contributed to its growing importance world- agreed steps were taken to resolve the stand-
    IMPLEMENTATION RATE wide. Nevertheless, unresolved conflicts and off over Taiwan’s status.
    Expenditure/yearly budget 94.3% recurrent controversies still posed a threat
    to the region’s future stability.
    PERSONNEL
    14 expatriates
    15 national staff (daily workers not included) The nuclear programme of the Democratic
    People’s Republic of Korea (DPRK) was the
    KEY POINTS object of intense six-party talks which, by
    the end of the year, had not reached a
    In 2005, the ICRC: solution. Families on the Korean peninsula
    opened a regional delegation in Beijing continued to suffer the consequences of
    after the signing, by its president, of a
    the 1950–53 Korean war, in particular long-
    headquarters agreement with the minister
    of foreign affairs of the People’s Republic term separation of family members, and
    of China; efforts to address their plight were modest.
    with the Red Cross Society of China,
    expanded the physical rehabilitation project
    based in Kunming, Yunnan province, by
    setting up an prosthetic/orthotic repair
    workshop in a mine-affected region
    bordering Vietnam;
    in the DPRK, with the Ministry of Defence
    and the National Society, continued to provide
    technical support for the establishment of
    a prosthetic/orthotic centre in the Rakrang
    district of Pyongyang for military and
    civilian amputees;
    strengthened relations with academic circles
    in the countries covered by the delegation,
    which included co-organizing a regional
    moot-court competition at Hong Kong
    University;
    conducted IHL courses for the armed
    forces of the region, as well as for diplomats
    from the DPRK Foreign Ministry;
    worked towards including the Exploring
    Humanitarian Law programme in school
    curricula in China and Mongolia; welcomed
    the decision by the Mongolian Ministry
    of Education to do so nationwide.

    194
    ICRC ANNUAL REPORT 2005

    MAIN FIGURES AND INDICATORS

    WOUNDED AND SICK 1


    Physical rehabilitation
    Patients receiving services Patients 923
    Prostheses delivered Pieces 876
    Orthoses delivered Pieces 12
    1. China and the DPRK

    ICRC ACTION year-long break, little progress was made in The ICRC finished installing machinery
    alleviating the plight of the affected fami- in the newly constructed building of the
    Following extensive consultations, which lies. The ICRC reiterated its commitment to Rakrang centre; the prosthetic/orthotic
    began in 2002, the ICRC and the Chinese working with the Red Cross Societies of the and physiotherapy sections of the centre
    government reached an agreement on the two countries towards finding a solution were inaugurated in October.
    opening of a regional delegation in Beijing to the problem.
    to cover China, the DPRK, Mongolia and Songrim centre
    the Republic of Korea (ROK). ICRC 549 patients received services (including
    President Jakob Kellenberger met with WOUNDED AND SICK 469 amputees)
    China’s President Hu Jintao and signed a 345 new patients fitted with prostheses
    headquarters agreement on 20 July 2005 Physical rehabilitation and 8 with orthoses
    with the minister of foreign affairs. 495 prostheses (10 for mine victims)
    China and 10 orthoses delivered
    The ICRC continued to play an important According to official estimates, there were 1,347 crutches and 84 wheelchairs
    role in the provision of physical rehabilita- some 280,000 disabled people in China’s delivered
    tion in the DPRK and China. In coopera- border province of Yunnan. The Yunnan
    tion with the National Societies concerned, Provincial Red Cross had identified Rakrang centre
    the ICRC assisted and supported two cen- 1,080 destitute amputees in Wenshan and hands-on training given to 8 technicians
    tres in the DPRK and one in China, and Honghe prefectures in need of physical and 3 assistants
    opened an prosthetic/orthotic repair work- rehabilitation services. 5 technicians (3 from the Ministry
    shop near China’s border with Vietnam. of Defence and 2 from the Ministry
    The ICRC also held consultations with the Since the opening of the centre in Kunming, of Public Health) sponsored to attend
    DPRK Red Cross and the Ministry of Yunnan, in 2004, the ICRC had produced a three-year course at the Cambodian
    Defence on setting up a surgical annex to artificial limbs and provided regular on- School of Prosthetics and Orthotics
    the Rakrang physical rehabilitation centre the-job training for the staff. in Phnom Penh
    in Pyongyang.
    In 2005, in cooperation with the Red Cross Limb amputation and stump
    In order to stimulate interest in integrating Society of China, a repair workshop was revision
    IHL into university studies, the ICRC co- opened in Malipo, Wenshan prefecture, The head of the surgical department at
    organized and supported IHL competitions and the creation of a second repair work- ICRC headquarters in Geneva carried out
    in China, including in Hong Kong. It also shop in Honghe prefecture was under an assessment mission to Pyongyang. As a
    continued working with the region’s armed negotiation with the Chinese Disabled result, plans were made to build a surgical
    forces towards the integration of IHL into People’s Federation. annex to the Rakrang centre.
    their training programmes. The Exploring
    Humanitarian Law (EHL) programme was Kunming centre The current state of medical and surgical
    implemented in a number of secondary 374 patients received services services in the DPRK was also assessed,
    schools in China. In Mongolia, the Education (all amputees) and the ICRC supplied operating tables and
    Ministry took the decision to integrate EHL 368 new patients fitted with prostheses scialytic lamps to four hospitals, in accor-
    into the school curriculum nationwide. 381 prostheses (95 for mine victims) dance with the agreement signed with the
    and 2 orthoses delivered Ministry of Public Health and the DPRK
    The ICRC continued to carry out pro- 29 crutches and 5 wheelchairs delivered Red Cross in 2004.
    grammes aimed at strengthening the capac-
    ities of the National Societies, particularly DPRK
    in the field of dissemination. In the DPRK, there were approximately
    36,000 amputees, according to official
    figures. The ICRC continued to conduct
    CIVILIANS training sessions in prosthetics, physio-
    therapy and English for staff at the Songrim
    More than 100,000 Korean families were Orthopaedic Centre and at the Rakrang
    separated by the 1950–53 Korean war. centre of the Ministry of Defence in
    Although the inter-Korean dialogue and Pyongyang.
    family meetings, including new video-
    link conferences, resumed in 2005 after a

    195
    ASIA AND THE PACIFIC BEIJING

    AUTHORITIES CIVIL SOCIETY Media


    The ICRC maintained contact with media
    The ICRC pursued its dialogue with the Secondary schools throughout the region, and continued to
    authorities of the respective countries to In Mongolia, the pilot phase of the ICRC’s develop its website in Chinese, which went
    help accelerate accession to the relevant IHL EHL programme began in five secondary on line in 2003 to provide up-to-date
    treaties and their national implementation schools in four provinces and was moni- information on its activities and IHL devel-
    and to promote greater awareness of the tored in cooperation with the Mongolian opments. The delegation also continued to
    ICRC’s mandate and activities. Red Cross. The Ministry of Education produce IHL publications in national
    confirmed its decision to integrate EHL languages and reinforced the department
    an IHL seminar held for diplomats into Mongolia’s school curriculum nation- in charge of translation and revision of
    of the DPRK Foreign Ministry in wide, and a draft translation of the modules IHL-related documents and publications
    Pyongyang was produced. in the languages of the countries covered
    6 government representatives by the delegation.
    (3 from China, 1 from the ROK and In China, the Education Ministry and the
    2 from Mongolia) attended the ICRC’s National Society expressed interest in
    Asia-Pacific round-table on preventing implementing the EHL programme. In RED CROSS AND
    hostile use of the life sciences, held cooperation with the Chinese Red Cross, RED CRESCENT MOVEMENT
    in Malaysia (see Kuala Lumpur) the first two training seminars were held on
    7 representatives from the region use of the programme’s teaching materi- Through training sessions, the ICRC sup-
    (3 from China, 3 from the ROK and als. In December, an evaluation was carried ported the efforts of all of the region’s
    2 from Mongolia) took part in a out in several of the secondary schools National Societies to promote IHL and the
    conference on the ICRC’s study on where the programme was being tested. Fundamental Principles, both internally to
    customary international humanitarian staff and among the region’s authorities,
    law, held in India (see New Delhi) 11 Red Cross and education officials civil society and armed forces. The National
    from the region (8 from China, Societies continued to produce dissemina-
    including 2 from Hong Kong, and tion materials with ICRC support.
    ARMED FORCES AND OTHER 3 from Mongolia) attended a regional
    BEARERS OF WEAPONS EHL workshop in Malaysia In the ROK, the regional delegation further
    (see Kuala Lumpur) strengthened its cooperation with the
    The ICRC raised awareness of humani- National Society and its humanitarian law
    tarian action and promoted IHL training Academic circles institute. The ICRC supported the National
    among the armed forces of the region IHL continued to be perceived to be Society in organizing a seminar to mark its
    through ad hoc presentations, pre- the domain of specialized institutes, and 100th anniversary. Representatives of lead-
    deployment briefings, seminars, train-the- decision-makers and opinion-leaders ing universities, the Ministry of Foreign
    trainer courses and technical assistance. remained largely unfamiliar with its Affairs and the military took part.
    rules. The ICRC, therefore, tried to pro-
    Discussions with the deputy chief of staff mote the integration of IHL into university In China, a national seminar brought
    led to a new agreement on support for the disciplines other than law and to extend together for the first time all dissemina-
    IHL training programme of the armed its network of contacts. tion coordinators, one from each of the
    forces in Mongolia and increased involve- 31 provincial branches.
    ment by the ICRC in UN pre-deployment The ICRC commissioned a survey on IHL
    briefings and exercises. teaching in Chinese universities to obtain a Following a two-month assessment mis-
    clearer picture of the extent to and manner sion to China and Mongolia, conducted in
    a two-day refresher course held for in which IHL was offered in academic October and November, the ICRC decided
    18 Mongolian IHL instructors courses, and thus be in a position to fur- to make cooperation with these National
    2 seminars held for a total of ther promote and support the integration Societies a priority in 2006, reinforcing
    250 officers from military academies of IHL into academic curricula. contact and working closely with them,
    in Shanghai and Xi’an, China, on the mainly in the fields of dissemination and
    protection of POWs and on the ICRC’s an IHL moot-court competition held restoring family links.
    detention-related activities; train-the- at Xiamen University, China
    trainer events conducted for 24 IHL 28 students from the countries covered
    instructors in Taipei took part in a regional moot-court
    briefings on IHL and the ICRC given competition in Hong Kong; 20 academics
    to senior officers from the ROK army took part as judges and coaches
    a first pre-deployment briefing 8 academics from universities and
    conducted for a ROK contingent leaving other institutions of the region
    for a peace-support operation in Iraq (2 from Beijing, 2 from Pyongyang
    240 Mongolian peace-keepers bound and 1 from Seoul, 1 from Taipei and
    for Sierra Leone briefed on IHL and 2 from Ulan Bator attended the first
    the ICRC ICRC South-East Asian teaching session
    held in Malaysia (see Kuala Lumpur)

    196
    kuala
    lumpur
    LAOS The ICRC began working in Malaysia in 1972 and
    MYANMAR CHINA opened a regional delegation in Kuala Lumpur in 2001.
    THAILAND
    VIETNAM DEM. PEOPLE’S In the countries covered, the ICRC endeavours to
    REP.
    CAMBODIA OF KOREA
    PHILIPPINES involve government representatives, leaders, experts and
    REP.OF J A PA N
    KOREA National Societies in reflection on humanitarian issues
    and to gain their support for its activities. It encourages
    SAW U SE A
    the ratification and implementation of IHL treaties and
    M AL AYSI A BRUNEI SABAH
    the incorporation of IHL into military training and
    KUALA LUMPUR academic curricula.
    SARAWAK
    SI N GAP O R E
    The delegation hosts the ICRC’s Regional Resource Centre,
    which supports delegations in East and South-East Asia
    and the Pacific in promoting IHL and strengthening
    INDONESIA
    support for the ICRC's humanitarian action.
    TIMOR-LESTE

    400 km
    ICRC/AR.2005
    COVERING
    ICRC regional delegation Malaysia, Brunei Darussalam, Japan, Singapore

    EXPENDITURE (IN CHF ,000)


    Protection 226
    Assistance -
    Prevention 1,625 CONTEXT
    Cooperation with National Societies 215
    General 140 The earthquake and tsunami of 26 December
    2004 in the Bay of Bengal had a significant
    2,206 impact on the countries of the region,
    of which: Overheads 135 including Malaysia, whose northern coast-
    IMPLEMENTATION RATE line suffered loss of life and destruction of
    Expenditure/yearly budget 107.2% property. All the countries covered by the
    ICRC's Kuala Lumpur regional delegation,
    PERSONNEL
    7 expatriates
    except Brunei, dispatched military contin-
    16 national staff (daily workers not included) gents to Aceh to respond to the emergency.

    KEY POINTS Concerns over the threat of “terrorism”


    persisted. During regional meetings and
    In 2005, the ICRC: conferences, representatives of various
    responded to the tsunami of 26 December think-tanks and certain ministries repeat-
    2004 by expanding its RCM and tracing
    edly underscored the need for a better
    services to enable the Acehnese community
    in Malaysia to restore contact with their understanding of such threats and, most
    relatives in Indonesia and by working with importantly, their prevention.
    the Singapore Red Cross Society and the
    Singaporean government to set up a logistics
    centre in Singapore;
    welcomed the integration of IHL into the
    courses of the Malaysian army's Staff and
    Command College and the decision by the
    navy to do the same for all its courses;
    continued to raise awareness and promote
    the implementation of IHL among the
    authorities, armed forces and civil society
    of the region;
    continued to support the efforts of ICRC
    delegations in East and South-East Asia and
    the Pacific to improve understanding and
    implementation of IHL by expanding the
    media and production skills of the Regional
    Resource Centre.

    197
    ASIA AND THE PACIFIC KUALA LUMPUR

    ICRC ACTION including in its staff a delegate responsible passed the Biological Agents and Toxins
    for the promotion of IHL in universities, Act, Malaysia passed the Chemical Weapons
    Owing to the delegation's proximity to the the centre saw an increase in its media and Convention Act and Brunei published the
    area affected by the tsunami of December production capacity to provide additional Geneva Conventions Order 2005 in its official
    2004, it was involved in a number of services to the delegations of the greater gazette. The Japanese authorities completed
    unplanned tsunami-related operational Asia region in 2005. At the end of the year, a a translation into English of the emergency
    activities. This included expanding its pro- delegate in charge of contacts with multi- laws adopted to implement the 1949 Geneva
    gramme to restore contact between Acehnese lateral regional organizations joined the Conventions and their 1977 Additional
    in Malaysia and their relatives back in Aceh. centre. Protocols.

    The delegation also facilitated the setting- Two high-level missions from ICRC head-
    up of a logistics coordination centre in CIVILIANS quarters to Japan marked a new phase in
    Singapore, in cooperation with the govern- dialogue with the government. In order to
    ment of Singapore and the National Society. Prior to the tsunami, the ICRC's activities increase understanding and awareness of its
    The centre coordinated logistics during the to restore family links had principally activities, the ICRC arranged a four-day
    early emergency phase of the tsunami involved providing travel documents to field mission for Japanese officials to
    response and closed in February 2005. asylum seekers recognized by the UNHCR observe its operations in Sri Lanka.
    office in Malaysia and enabling a few Furthermore, four major IHL dissemina-
    The regional delegation continued to pur- Malaysians to re-establish contact with rel- tion initiatives were conducted in Japan
    sue efforts to raise awareness of and com- atives detained abroad. During the year, the with the National Institute for Defense
    pliance with IHL, maintaining a dialogue ICRC processed 43 requests for travel doc- Studies, the Foreign Training Institute, the
    with the region’s authorities on accession to uments for asylum seekers travelling to host United Nations University and the UN
    and implementation of IHL instruments. countries. The documents were issued after Institute for Training and Research.
    the necessary interviews and verifications
    As part of ongoing efforts to support the were carried out. Three representatives of Malaysia attended
    region’s armed forces in incorporating IHL the meeting of Commonwealth national
    into their doctrine and training, the ICRC Following the tsunami, the delegation IHL committees in Nairobi. Following the
    continued to implement programmes with widened the scope of its tracing services to event, the Malaysian Red Crescent and var-
    the Self Defence Force of Japan and the help people affected by the disaster to re- ious government ministries set about draft-
    armed forces of Malaysia and Singapore. In establish contact with their relatives, pre- ing a proposal for the establishment of such
    2005, the Malaysian army integrated IHL dominantly the Acehnese community in a committee in Malaysia.
    instruction into the curricula of its Staff and Malaysia. After an assessment in February, a
    Command College; the navy took the deci- tracing delegate was seconded by the In September, the ICRC organized a round-
    sion to include IHL in all its courses in 2006. Australian Red Cross to assist with this table on preventing hostile use of the
    activity and to improve the tracing capacity life sciences. Forty-five participants from
    In the countries covered by the delegation, of the Malaysian Red Crescent Society. 12 countries in the Asia and Pacific region
    the ICRC used the media as a means of reach- attended the meeting in Kuala Lumpur,
    ing leaders, think-tanks, higher-education The ICRC thus established a tracing unit which aimed to increase awareness among
    establishments, NGOs and the general public within its Kuala Lumpur delegation. the scientific community of the possible
    to raise their awareness of issues relating Meetings were held with community leaders risks by the recent developments in
    to IHL. The delegation maintained and and members and several field trips were biotechnology.
    extended its media network in Malaysia conducted to a number of Acehnese groups
    through individual meetings and inter- in Malaysia.“I am alive” and “Person sought” Representatives of Brunei and Singapore
    views, media briefings and seminars. A sim- lists were shared with and distributed to key participated in several ICRC-organized
    ilar process started with the Singaporean contacts and community leaders during regional IHL events during the year.
    and Japanese media. these visits, and a mobile unit was set up to
    collect tracing requests.
    The ICRC significantly increased efforts to ARMED FORCES AND OTHER
    promote IHL in academic circles as a way At the end of the year, the ICRC began to BEARERS OF WEAPONS
    of reaching future decision-makers and identify other civilian target populations
    opinion-leaders. The Exploring Humanitarian and assess needs for tracing and RCM serv- The progress made in integrating IHL into
    Law programme, which aims to introduce ices. The groups included some 25,000 army, navy and air force training depended
    secondary-school students to humanitarian Myanmarese and significant numbers of on the priority given to the issue by con-
    principles, continued to advance. In migrant workers from the Philippines, all tacts within each service in each of the
    Malaysia, the programme entered the final without legal status or residency or work countries covered.
    phase before its takeover by the education permits.
    authorities. As part of continuing support for capacity
    building in IHL, the ICRC sponsored the
    The Regional Resource Centre, established AUTHORITIES participation of one Japanese and two
    in 2003, continued to support the efforts of Malaysian army officers in courses in San
    ICRC delegations in East and South-East No country covered by the delegation Remo. In addition, two Japanese and two
    Asia and the Pacific to improve under- became party to any IHL treaty in 2005. Malaysian naval officers were sent to the
    standing and implementation of IHL in the Nevertheless, pertinent national legislation first regional IHL instructor course for
    region. After broadening its scope in 2004, was adopted in three countries. Singapore

    198
    ICRC ANNUAL REPORT 2005

    naval officers conducted by the ICRC IHL sessions and seminars for students addition, a number of emergency-response
    Regional Resource Centre in Djakarta. of diplomacy, international relations units were deployed in Indonesia by the
    and conflict studies at universities in Malaysian Red Crescent Society.
    In Malaysia, after being included in the Malaysia;
    directives of army headquarters in 2001, the second national IHL moot-court The National Societies of Malaysia, Singapore
    IHL was successfully integrated into the competition for law students. and Japan also responded rapidly to needs
    curricula of the Staff and Command in the aftermath of the South Asian earth-
    College in 2005. The Joint Warfare Training The ICRC enabled a team of Malaysian stu- quake. The Japanese Red Cross ran one of
    Centre organized courses to meet the need dents to participate in a regional moot- four ICRC basic-health-care emergency-
    for increased numbers of instructors and, court competition in Hong Kong. Students response units in Pakistan-administered
    with the ICRC, developed an IHL instruc- from Singapore also took part. Kashmir.
    tor kit containing training materials. By the
    end of the year, with the help of existing In Malaysia, ownership of the ICRC's Promoting IHL
    national instructors, 30 IHL instructors had Exploring Humanitarian Law (EHL) school The ICRC took part in a basic training
    been trained, bringing the total number programme began gradually to shift to the course and a training seminar for IHL dis-
    trained since 2002 to 120. Ministry of Education, which financed seminators from the Japanese Red Cross.
    about 80% of a teacher-training seminar in The National Society set up a pavilion to
    During a four-day workshop, the Malaysian April and played a major role in its organi- exhibit the history, activities and mission
    navy prepared proposals for integrating zation. By the end of the year, 50 schools, of the Movement at the 2005 World Expo in
    IHL into all its courses. The proposals were 84 ICRC-trained teachers and 4,000 students Aichi.
    approved by the navy headquarters and had benefited from the programme.
    were due to be implemented in 2006. Translation of the education pack into
    Bahasa Malaysia had begun.
    The ICRC kept up dialogue with senior
    officials from the Ministry of Defence and In 2004, the government had decided to
    the headquarters of the Singapore armed include IHL in the new Civics and
    forces. In addition, it participated in an Citizenship Education curriculum to be
    annual course organized by the Staff taught nationwide in 2007. In 2005, the
    College, which brought together officers ICRC held a workshop to familiarize text-
    from Australia, Bangladesh, Brunei, India, book writers and publishers with concepts
    Indonesia, New Zealand, the Philippines, from the EHL programme.
    Thailand and the United States.
    The EHL programme in Japan remained at
    The ICRC gave briefings to officers from the preliminary stage. The Japanese transla-
    Malaysia and Singapore prior to their tion of the first two modules of the pro-
    departure on peace and security operations. gramme's education pack was completed
    In Japan, it gave presentations on IHL at the by the National Society, and discussions
    National Institute for Defense Studies and with the Ministry of Education continued
    the Ground Self-Defense Force Staff College regarding implementation. The ICRC par-
    and met various high-ranking officials. ticipated in a teacher-training event run by
    the National Society.
    Initial contact was made with the Malaysian
    police force regarding future cooperation. The delegation hosted a regional seminar
    on EHL, which brought together 35 partic-
    ipants from countries already implement-
    CIVIL SOCIETY ing the programme.

    Issues of concern to the ICRC, such as land-


    mines and the protection of civilians, were RED CROSS AND
    used to cultivate media interest. The dele- RED CRESCENT MOVEMENT
    gation and the Regional Resource Centre
    participated in a number of seminars and The National Societies of Malaysia, Singapore
    conferences with representatives of the and Japan continued to be major players in
    media and civil society to raise awareness of the humanitarian field in their respective
    the relevance of IHL and explore possible countries.
    new avenues of cooperation.
    Disaster response
    Over the year, the ICRC's contacts with Internationally, the Japanese Red Cross
    Malaysian universities significantly increased. Society deployed assessment and recon-
    Events included: struction teams to tsunami-stricken coun-
    tries, and the Singapore Red Cross was
    the first South-East Asian teaching instrumental in setting up the logistics
    session held at the University of Malaya coordination centre that formed the back-
    with 31 participants from 12 countries; bone of the ICRC's response in Aceh. In

    199
    new delhi
    AFGHANISTAN
    The boundaries, names and designations used
    on this map do not imply official endorsement or
    The regional delegation in New Delhi opened
    acceptance. The dotted line represents approximately
    the Line of Control in Jammu and Kashmir agreed
    in 1982. It works through the armed forces,
    upon by India and Pakistan. The final status of
    Jammu and Kashmir has not yet been agreed upon
    universities, civil society and the media in the
    PAKISTAN
    by the parties.
    region to promote broader understanding and
    implementation of IHL and to encourage respect
    NEW DELHI CHINA
    NEPAL for humanitarian rules and principles. It also
    B H U TA N
    supports the development of the National
    BANGLADESH Societies in India and Bangladesh and supports
    INDIA some of their assistance programmes in the field.
    MYANMAR
    The ICRC visits people arrested and detained
    ARABIAN in connection with the situation in Jammu
    SEA
    BAY of BENGAL
    and Kashmir (India), as well as in Bhutan and
    the Maldives.
    MALD I VES

    400 km
    ICRC/AR_2005
    COVERING
    ICRC regional delegation Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives

    EXPENDITURE (IN CHF ,000)


    Protection 2,648
    Assistance 738
    Prevention 2,319 CONTEXT
    Cooperation with National Societies 1,640
    General - Just days before the year began, the tsunami General strikes (hartals) stifled the econ-
    ravaged areas of southern India, causing omy in Bangladesh, and political violence
    7,344 some 10,000 casualties and leaving many remained common. The near-simultaneous
    of which: Overheads 448 more homeless. The Indian government explosions of a large number of small bombs
    IMPLEMENTATION RATE took charge of the relief operation, assist- placed around the country in August and
    Expenditure/yearly budget 91.5% ing survivors in India and contributing to the country’s first known suicide bombings
    international relief efforts in neighbouring at the end of the year fed speculation that
    PERSONNEL
    24 expatriates
    countries. In October, when a severe earth- militant Islamist groups were becoming
    79 national staff (daily workers not included) quake devastated areas on both sides of the more active there.
    Line of Control (LoC) in Kashmir, the gov-
    KEY POINTS ernment again took full responsibility for With the aim of establishing a constitutional
    relief on its territory, as well as sending monarchy, the government of Bhutan con-
    In 2005, the ICRC: some assistance across the LoC to areas of tinued preparations for the drafting of a
    continued visits to detainees held in Kashmir controlled by Pakistan. new constitution. Plans for the return of
    connection with the situation in Jammu
    Lhotsampas refugees who had fled Bhutan
    and Kashmir, submitted a report to the
    authorities on visits conducted over the Dialogue on Kashmir was strengthened by more than a decade earlier remained on
    previous two years and sought dialogue the visit of the Pakistani president, Pervez hold, with approximately 100,000 of them
    with them on its findings; Musharraf, to New Delhi in April. A bus link still in camps in Nepal.
    co-organized and hosted the Asian launch between Srinagar and Muzzaffarabad was
    of the recently published ICRC study on opened, and a high-level delegation of the Although several atolls of the Maldives were
    customary international humanitarian law, All Parties Hurriyat Conference (APHC) damaged by the tsunami, parliamentary
    attended by representatives from 24 countries;
    visited Pakistan for the first time. In addi- elections went ahead as planned in January,
    conducted its first two rounds of visits to
    detainees in the Maldives and its 23rd round tion to building on its contacts with the and the country remained stable through-
    of visits in Bhutan; APHC, the Indian government began talks out the year.
    organized the first regional Henry Dunant with another Kashmiri separatist group,
    Memorial IHL Moot-Court Competition, the People’s Conference. In Kashmir, how-
    the Seventh South Asian Teaching Session ever, ambushes, assassinations and bomb
    on IHL and Refugee Law and a conference attacks persisted.
    promoting the inclusion of IHL in university
    curricula;
    encouraged and gave technical support Indian security forces continued to confront
    for the development of IHL training in the armed groups struggling for independence
    Indian armed forces; or autonomy in the north-eastern states.
    stepped up its cooperation programmes with India’s efforts to end these groups’ cross-
    the Indian Red Cross Society to organize border activities and other issues of border
    relief distributions and improve tracing
    control affected its relations with neighbour-
    services in the wake of the earthquake
    in Kashmir. ing countries, generating friction in some
    cases and spawning cooperation in others.

    200
    ICRC ANNUAL REPORT 2005

    MAIN FIGURES AND INDICATORS

    PEOPLE DEPRIVED OF THEIR FREEDOM (All categories/all statuses) 1 WOUNDED AND SICK 2
    Detainees visited 1,343 Physical rehabilitation
    Detainees visited and monitored individually 1,343 Patients receiving services Patients 332
    Number of visits carried out 80 Prostheses delivered Pieces 71
    Number of places of detention visited 31 Orthoses delivered Pieces 5
    RESTORING FAMILY LINKS
    Red Cross messages (RCMs) and reunifications
    RCMs collected 360
    RCMs distributed 349
    DOCUMENTS ISSUED
    People to whom travel documents were issued 268
    1. India and Bhutan
    2. India

    ICRC ACTION CIVILIANS the government written feedback on the


    visits it made in 2005.
    The ICRC continued its visits to detainees In India, the ICRC continued to provide
    held in connection with the situation in documents allowing refugees to travel to 1,295 people visited and monitored
    Jammu and Kashmir. It submitted to the third countries that had granted them individually, including 6 women and
    Indian government a summary report on asylum. This was done at the request of the 40 minors, in 78 visits to 29 places of
    its visits conducted over the previous two embassies of the countries accepting them. detention; 497 people newly registered
    years. From both New Delhi and Geneva, 50 detainees benefited from ICRC-
    the ICRC took initiatives to establish dia- In the aftermath of the South Asia earth- supported family visits
    logue with the authorities concerned in quake, the ICRC collected 118 “person 190 RCMs collected from and
    order to discuss the report’s findings and sought” requests from people seeking news 103 RCMs delivered to detainees
    obtain notification of and access to all of family members living in earthquake- 15 “person sought” tracing requests
    detainees of concern to the organization, affected areas on the Pakistani side of the collected from detainees with relatives
    including those in interrogation centres. LoC. The ICRC delivered two “I am alive’’ in earthquake-affected areas and
    The regional delegation also visited detainees messages in Jammu and Kashmir that had forwarded to the ICRC in Pakistan
    in Bhutan and made its first visits to been collected by the ICRC in Pakistan.
    detainees in the Maldives. Bhutan
    268 travel documents issued Annual visits to Chamgang Central Jail and
    The ICRC promoted IHL among the author- 114 RCMs collected from and to Lodrai Sub-District Jail were carried out
    ities, armed and security forces and univer- 190 delivered to civilians in India in November 2005.
    sities throughout the region. It organized and 8 RCMs collected from and
    and hosted the regional launch of its study 49 delivered to civilians in Bhutan 48 detainees visited and monitored
    on customary international humanitarian individually in 2 visits to 2 places
    law and worked with universities, interna- of detention; none newly registered
    tional organizations and professional groups PEOPLE DEPRIVED 6 detainees benefited from ICRC-
    and associations to hold events to develop OF THEIR FREEDOM supported family visits
    expertise in IHL. 48 RCMs collected from and 7 RCMs
    Jammu and Kashmir delivered to detainees
    The regional delegation worked with the The ICRC continued to follow up on more
    National Societies in India and Bangladesh than 1,100 people detained in connection Maldives
    to strengthen their development and dis- with the situation in Jammu and Kashmir An agreement signed in October 2004
    cussed with the authorities the possibility and held either there or in other states. It permitted the ICRC to begin visits to
    of establishing a National Society in the helped families travel to visit detained rela- detainees in the Maldives. The first visits
    Maldives. tives and, as needed, provided detainees were conducted in April. With free access
    with books, clothes and footwear. to all people held there, ICRC staff met
    Long travel time, difficulties in arranging 550 detainees and spoke with them as they
    meetings from New Delhi and frequent At the beginning of the year, the ICRC chose. Most were detained for common
    hartals slowed the progress of ICRC activi- submitted a report to the Indian govern- crimes, since nearly all those arrested in
    ties in Bangladesh. ment on its visits to detainees conducted connection with political disturbances the
    between January 2002 and August 2004. It previous August had been released or sent
    summarized the findings of 177 visits to home and kept under house arrest after the
    1,491 people held in 30 places of deten- tsunami. The visits enabled the ICRC to get
    tion. Throughout the year, the ICRC made a better grasp of the country’s prison sys-
    overtures from both New Delhi and tem and of the legal instruments and issues
    Geneva to the authorities at different levels related to detention. In August, the ICRC
    in order to discuss issues raised in the visited three places of detention under the
    report. The regional delegation also gave responsibility of the police. It registered and

    201
    ASIA AND THE PACIFIC NEW DELHI

    interviewed 114 detainees and sent a written to introduce IHL in the Foreign Service, CIVIL SOCIETY
    report on its findings to the authorities. and the ICRC conducted a half-day session
    on its study on customary international To foster the growth of university-level
    humanitarian law at an ISIL conference. instruction and research in IHL, the ICRC
    WOUNDED AND SICK collaborated with universities, professional
    In Bangladesh, the ICRC worked with the and academic groups and international
    The state government and state branch of Bangladesh Institute of International and organizations to organize a variety of events
    the Indian Red Cross continued to run a Strategic Studies to conduct a seminar for and activities, including:
    physical rehabilitation centre at the staff of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs on
    Government Medical College in Jammu. drafting domestic legislation to implement the Seventh Annual South Asian
    The ICRC provided the centre with the the 1949 Geneva Conventions and their Teaching Session on IHL and Refugee
    training, materials and equipment needed 1977 Additional Protocols. Law, organized with UNHCR and the
    to adopt polypropylene technology. The National Law School of India University
    centre had fitted its first polypropylene Bhutan acceded to the Ottawa Convention and attended by 44 participants from
    below-the-knee prostheses at the end of in August 2005 and to the Chemical Weapons Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Iran,
    2004, and in 2005 it fitted the first above- Convention a month later. The ICRC Pakistan, Maldives, Myanmar, Nepal
    the-knee prostheses. Two staff members encouraged the government to incorporate and Sri Lanka;
    sent by the ICRC for training in Bangalore the Geneva Conventions and the Ottawa the first regional Henry Dunant
    returned in the second half of 2005. Convention into domestic law, organizing Memorial IHL Moot-Court Competition
    However, as word of the centre had spread a seminar on the subject for 21 officials for teams winning national competitions
    and people were coming from further away, from the different ministries, departments in India, Nepal, Bangladesh and
    they could not keep up with the increased and forces concerned. Sri Lanka, as well as the national
    demand, and the ICRC had to employ more competitions in India (with the ISIL)
    technicians. By the end of the year, there In the Maldives, the ICRC discussed the and Bangladesh;
    were still 70 disabled people on the centre’s legislative reform process, draft penal code, teacher-training programmes in IHL
    waiting list. code of criminal procedure and the police at Indian law faculties in Amritsar
    act with the authorities, encouraging (Guru Nanak Dev University), Hyderabad
    Amid plans for similar cooperation in them to develop legislation enforcing the (National Academy of Legal Studies
    Srinagar, the state branch of the Indian Red Geneva Conventions and their Additional and Research) and Visakhapatnam
    Cross signed a memorandum of under- Protocols. (Andhra University);
    standing with the Bone and Joint Centre a conference on the inclusion of IHL
    in Srinagar in June 2005. The ICRC sent in university curricula, attended by
    two members of the centre’s staff for a ARMED FORCES AND OTHER 21 vice-chancellors of major universities
    year’s training in Bangalore and, in BEARERS OF WEAPONS in India.
    December, installed machinery and tools
    in the centre. Military forces The ICRC worked through the media to
    The ICRC consulted key departments and raise public awareness of IHL, supplying
    2 physical rehabilitation centres institutions involved in military training information to journalists and giving pre-
    supported in India and assessed the IHL instruction sentations in schools of mass communica-
    332 patients received services on offer. The National Defence Academy tion. With the Swiss embassy, it organized
    68 new patients fitted with prostheses incorporated IHL into its curriculum, and a painting exhibition on women and IHL
    and 4 with orthoses the ICRC conducted trainer training to at the College of Art in New Delhi. With
    71 prostheses (28 for mine victims) and qualify staff to teach the subject. It also a view to introducing the Exploring
    5 orthoses fitted (1 for mine victim) presented basic IHL to army troops Humanitarian Law programme in second-
    8 wheelchairs and 18 pairs of crutches deployed in Jammu and Kashmir, and ary schools in Jammu and Kashmir, the
    produced trained the first Indian team participating ICRC sent two teachers to a regional
    in an IHL competition in San Remo. training seminar on the programme (see
    Kuala Lumpur).
    AUTHORITIES India contributed the largest number of
    troops to UN peace-keeping operations
    The ICRC and the Asian-African Legal in 2005. The ICRC helped conduct sessions
    Consultative Organization co-organized on IHL at the Centre for UN Peacekeeping
    the regional launch of the ICRC’s study on in New Delhi, presented information on
    customary international humanitarian law. the subject to all army units to be deployed
    Representatives from 24 Asian countries in peace-keeping missions and gave brief
    attended the event, which the regional dele- training to a small number of instructors
    gation hosted in Delhi in early December. so they could give refresher training in
    the field.
    In India, the ICRC and the Indian Society of
    International Law (ISIL) continued to work In 2005, Bhutan declared its intention to
    together to promote IHL; they signed a integrate IHL into its military training. In
    memorandum of understanding formalizing January, the ICRC gave a presentation on
    their cooperation and outlining the direc- IHL to high-ranking officers and conducted
    tion of future collaboration. They worked a six-day train-the-trainer course.

    202
    ICRC ANNUAL REPORT 2005

    RED CROSS AND promotion of IHL and the Movement:


    RED CRESCENT MOVEMENT both National Societies conducted
    campaigns to stop misuse of the red
    Internal changes in the National Societies cross and red crescent emblems;
    of India and Bangladesh left vacancies in mine-risk education: Indian Red Cross
    key leadership positions, slowing the imple- programmes in Punjab and Rajasthan
    mentation of activities planned with and trained schoolteachers, village heads
    supported by the ICRC. However, some of and social workers from mine-affected
    these went ahead: areas so that they could go on to raise
    awareness of mine risks in their villages.
    family links: the Bangladesh Red Although the Indian Red Cross did not
    Crescent Society handed out basic set up mine-risk education activities in
    relief items to stranded foreigners and Jammu and Kashmir as planned, after
    reorganized its tracing activities to clear the earthquake it issued warnings that
    pending files; the Indian Red Cross mines might have moved.
    equipped a tracing office in a hospital
    treating 600 tsunami victims; In September, the International Federation
    the “Safer Access” approach: both launched the process of establishing a
    National Societies familiarized National Society in the Maldives, with the
    volunteers with the approach, to enable involvement of the government and techni-
    them to respond better to the needs cal support from the ICRC and other
    of conflict victims while enhancing Movement partners.
    their own safety;
    earthquake response: the Indian Red
    Cross distributed tents, warm clothes,
    kitchen sets, blankets and other basic
    goods supplied and transported by
    the ICRC;

    203
    suva
    VIETNAM
    MARIANA
    Since 2001, ICRC operations in the Pacific have been carried out
    LAOS
    PHILIPPINES
    ISLANDS MARSHALL by the Suva regional delegation. It assists governments in the ratifi-
    ISLANDS
    CAMBODIA
    F E D. S TAT E S cation and implementation of IHL treaties and promotes respect
    PA LA U of MICRONESIA for and compliance with IHL among the region's armed and security
    BRUNEI
    MALAYSIA K I R I B AT I forces. It also promotes IHL among academic circles, the media and
    SINGAPORE NAURU
    T U VA L U civil society. The ICRC visits people detained in connection with
    PA PUA
    INDONESIA
    TI M O R- NEW SOLOMON past unrest in Fiji, the Solomon Islands and Timor-Leste, and is
    DILI GUINEA ISLANDS
    L ESTE
    HONIARA S A M OA
    helping to create a national commission on missing persons in
    VA N U AT U FIJI Timor-Leste. The ICRC helps build the conflict-response capacities
    SUVA
    TO NG A
    of the region’s National Societies.
    NEW
    AUSTR AL I A CALEDONIA NIUE

    COOK Is.
    SYDNEY
    NEW
    ZEALAND COVERING
    1000 km
    Australia, Fiji, Kiribati, Marshall Islands, Federated States of Micronesia,
    ICRC/AR.2005
    Nauru, New Zealand, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Islands,
    ICRC regional delegation ICRC mission ICRC office Timor-Leste, Tonga, Tuvalu, Vanuatu and autonomous states, territories
    and colonies of the Pacific

    EXPENDITURE (IN CHF ,000)


    Protection 362
    Assistance 31
    Prevention 1,503
    CONTEXT
    Cooperation with National Societies 1,372
    General - In Fiji, disagreement escalated between the of international observers. The UN Observer
    government and the army over a reconcili- Mission withdrew after a seven-year presence.
    3,268 ation bill related to the 2000 coup. The
    of which: Overheads 199 army commander insisted on the need to The Regional Assistance Mission to the
    IMPLEMENTATION RATE prosecute all those involved in the coup. Solomon Islands, an Australian-led opera-
    Expenditure/yearly budget 87.0% Pacific leaders agreed to implement the tion present since August 2003, continued
    Pacific Plan, a long-term development plan to work towards creating the basis for long-
    PERSONNEL
    5 expatriates
    put together by the Pacific Islands Forum to term stability. Overall, law and order had
    17 national staff (daily workers not included) promote economic growth, sustainable been restored, and people charged with com-
    development, good governance and secu- mitting violent acts during the disturbances
    KEY POINTS rity in the region. of 2000–03 had begun to be put on trial.

    In 2005, the ICRC: Papua New Guinea continued to be affected With the third anniversary of the restoration
    assessed the conditions of civilians living in by communal violence and a high crime of independence in Timor-Leste on 20 May,
    troubled areas of Papua New Guinea in
    rate, most notably in the Highlands region the UN peace-keeping mission came to an
    order to be in a better position to react in
    case of need; and urban areas. Several thousand people end. At the same time, the UN Office for
    continued to support the region's National were displaced during the year. Timor-Leste started its one-year political
    Societies in strengthening their dissemination follow-up mission for capacity-building
    and emergency-response capacities and In January, the Enhanced Cooperation purposes. The Commission for Reception,
    assisted the Timor-Leste Red Cross in Programme, a large-scale bilateral initia- Truth and Reconciliation handed over its
    restoring and maintaining family links and tive between Australia and Papua New final report and recommendations to
    achieving recognition by the Movement;
    Guinea, was launched with the deployment President Xanana Gusmão in October,
    continued to work towards the creation of an
    independent commission on missing persons of Australian police and officials to Papua though by the end of the year the results
    in Timor-Leste and the approval by the New Guinea. The primary aim of the pro- had yet to be made public. Meanwhile,
    Council of Ministers of a related decree-law; gramme was to assist the country in the the terms of reference of the Commission
    visited prisons in Fiji, the Solomon Islands areas of law and order, justice, economic of Truth and Friendship between Timor-
    and Timor-Leste and monitored the detention management, public-sector reform, border Leste and Indonesia were signed by the
    conditions of people arrested in connection control and transport security and safety. respective governments in March, and the
    with past unrest.
    By May, however, the country's Supreme commission started its work in August.
    Court had ruled that the immunities
    granted to the Australian police by the gov- Australia and New Zealand pursued efforts
    ernment were unconstitutional. The police to enhance regional security. Despite initial
    therefore left the country, leaving behind reservations, Australia signed the Treaty of
    40 non-police officials in an advisory capacity, Amity and Cooperation in Southeast Asia,
    without immunities, to help fight corruption. enabling it to attend the inaugural East Asia
    Summit. To strengthen Australia’s domestic
    The first-ever presidential ballot held by the security, the government passed new
    new autonomous government of Bougainville counter-terrorism legislation.
    took place under the scrutiny of a wide array

    204
    ICRC ANNUAL REPORT 2005

    MAIN FIGURES AND INDICATORS

    PEOPLE DEPRIVED OF THEIR FREEDOM (All categories/all statuses) 1


    Detainees visited 320
    Detainees visited and monitored individually 154
    Number of visits carried out 14
    Number of places of detention visited 8
    RESTORING FAMILY LINKS 2
    Red Cross messages (RCMs) and reunifications
    RCMs collected 445
    RCMs distributed 339
    Tracing requests, including cases of missing persons
    People for whom a tracing request was newly registered 2
    Tracing requests closed positively (persons located) 3
    Tracing requests still being handled at 31 December 2005 2,545
    1. Fiji, Solomon Islands and Timor-Leste
    2. Timor-Leste only

    ICRC ACTION The delegation maintained contacts with a Islands to ensure that effective protection
    wide variety of bodies and organizations was being extended to the civilian population.
    Throughout the year, the ICRC monitored with a view to promoting IHL in the coun-
    the situation in Papua New Guinea to iden- tries covered. It organized or took part Missing persons
    tify the problems faced by the population in in several events, giving presentations to In 2004, the ICRC began supporting the
    violence-prone areas. At the end of the year, representatives of the government, the mil- creation of a commission on missing per-
    the ICRC was considering opening a mis- itary, NGOs, the media and academia. sons in Timor-Leste. The commission's role
    sion in Papua New Guinea. In conjunction would be to obtain reliable information on
    with an analysis of the complex security An evaluation of ICRC activities with the fate of people unaccounted for between
    situation in the country, contacts with armed, security and police forces in the 1975 and 1999 and to inform their families
    national and local authorities were being Pacific was carried out, and the ICRC began accordingly. In 2005, with the technical
    used to help define areas where Movement redefining its priorities. In Australia, the support of the ICRC, the steering committee
    action needed to be intensified in 2006. ICRC participated in Camelot, an Australian for the establishment of the commission
    Defence Force exercise, giving input on the drafted terms of reference for the commis-
    Cooperation with the region’s National role of a humanitarian organization dur- sion and a related decree-law for adoption
    Societies remained a priority for the delega- ing an armed conflict. The ICRC signed a by the government.
    tion, particularly in the fields of dissemi- headquarters agreement with the Australian
    nation and the “Safer Access” approach. It government which would then go before A team composed of members of the future
    continued to meet regularly and cooperate Australian parliament to become legislation. commission, the ICRC and the Timor-Leste
    closely with the International Federation Red Cross conducted dissemination sessions
    and the Red Cross Societies of Australia and throughout the country to raise awareness
    New Zealand, key ICRC partners in the CIVILIANS of the future commission, explain its mandate
    region. The ICRC continued working with and collect feedback from the communities.
    the International Federation in preparing In violence-prone areas
    the Timor-Leste Red Cross for recognition In Papua New Guinea, the delegation con- Restoring family links
    by the Movement. The National Society was ducted a number of assessments of the The Timor-Leste Red Cross continued to
    admitted as the 183rd member in December. security situation and living conditions of provide its RCM service to enable the pop-
    civilians in the Southern Highlands, where ulation (civilians and detainees) to restore
    In Timor-Leste, the ICRC continued to intercommunal conflicts were causing and maintain contact with their relatives,
    work with all the parties concerned towards internal displacement, and in squatter set- particularly in West Timor.
    establishing an independent commission tlements in urban centres. The next step was
    on missing persons to address the needs of to prepare the National Society to respond 445 RCMs collected by the National
    the families of people missing as a result of in these specific areas when needed. Society from families in Timor-Leste
    the events in East Timor between 1975 and and 399 RCMs delivered
    1999. This included raising awareness of In the Solomon Islands, the ICRC moni-
    the role and mandate of the future com- tored the situation in the Weather Coast
    mission among the general public. and on the island of Malaita. Contacts were
    established with remote communities to
    The ICRC continued its visits to prisons in ensure that they would be aware of ICRC or
    Fiji, the Solomon Islands and Timor-Leste National Society availability in case of need.
    to monitor the treatment and living condi- Contacts were also maintained with the
    tions of detainees arrested in connection authorities and community leaders in
    with past unrest. potentially unstable areas of the Solomon

    205
    ASIA AND THE PACIFIC SUVA

    PEOPLE DEPRIVED at San Remo. IHL teaching material was The delegation also continued to give pre-
    OF THEIR FREEDOM translated into Tetun for use by the Timor- sentations on IHL in general and on
    Leste armed forces. “women and war” in particular at training
    The ICRC carried out visits to prisons in seminars organized by the Fiji Women’s
    Fiji, the Solomon Islands and Timor-Leste Long-established and constructive work- Crisis Centre. The seminars were attended
    to monitor the treatment and living condi- ing relations with the Australian and New by participants from eight Pacific Island
    tions of detainees arrested in connection Zealand Defence Forces continued. As in countries.
    with past unrest. Confidential reports were the past, the ICRC took part in Australian
    submitted to the authorities. military training exercises and provided The ICRC engaged in dialogue with a num-
    speakers on IHL topics for courses run, ber of influential think-tanks, NGOs and
    Fiji: 107 detainees monitored individually among others, by the Australian Defence UN agencies in Australia in an effort to pro-
    during 9 visits to 5 places of detention Force and the Asia Pacific Centre for mote IHL and a better understanding of the
    Solomon Islands: 212 detainees visited Military Law. ICRC.
    (including 46 monitored individually)
    during 4 visits to 2 places of detention Relations were established with the new IHL and future decision-makers
    Timor-Leste: 1 detainee monitored head of the legal department of the Discussions on IHL teaching were held
    individually Republic of Fiji Military Forces, following with the Suva and Vanuatu campuses of the
    which the ICRC participated in predeploy- University of the South Pacific. The ICRC
    ment briefings for soldiers bound for Iraq. gave a lecture on IHL at the law faculty in
    AUTHORITIES The delegation also conducted briefings for Vanuatu and worked with its students in
    the police forces of Fiji and Timor-Leste, connection with the study, Even Wars Have
    Discussions were pursued with the govern- prior to their deployment on UN peace- Limits: Connecting IHL with the Pacific,
    ments of Fiji and Papua New Guinea keeping missions, and for police recruits conducted in 2004. Furthermore, a lecturer
    regarding their countries' progress towards and prison guards in the Solomon Islands. from the University of Papua New Guinea,
    ratification of the 1977 Additional An assessment of the police force's training sponsored by the ICRC to attend an IHL
    Protocols. In Papua New Guinea, a round- needs was carried out in Timor-Leste. course in Melbourne, compiled a series of
    table was held for senior officials to encourage lectures on IHL for his university.
    accession to the Protocols.
    CIVIL SOCIETY The ICRC participated in the yearly IHL
    Dialogue continued in an effort to encour- moot-court competition for university stu-
    age Nauru to accede to both the Geneva Promoting IHL among dents run by the Australian and New
    Conventions and their Additional Protocols. the general public Zealand Red Cross Societies.
    ICRC press releases were picked up by the
    Vanuatu ratified the Ottawa Convention in media in Australia and New Zealand and
    September. The next step was to draft to a lesser extent in the Pacific. Nevertheless, RED CROSS AND
    implementing legislation. ICRC stories covered in Australia were RED CRESCENT MOVEMENT
    often reprinted across the Pacific. The
    The ICRC also participated in an interna- ICRC and the Australian Red Cross made a The ICRC focused its support on the five
    tional workshop on the 1972 Biological concerted effort to promote the relaying of National Societies in countries that were, or
    Weapons Convention held in Australia such information. were at risk of, experiencing internal insta-
    under the joint auspices of the govern- bility: Papua New Guinea, Fiji, Solomon
    ments of Australia and Indonesia. This, and Visits were carried out to major media out- Islands, Timor-Leste and Vanuatu. In
    other events in which the ICRC took part, lets in Australia and New Zealand, and rela- addition, joint ICRC/International Federation
    enabled it to reach a wide variety of audi- tions were established with journalist training sessions were held to introduce all
    ences and representatives of governments, associations. The individual briefing given 14 National Societies to the “Safer Access”
    the military, academia, NGOs and the to each media outlet was tailored to the approach and to promote the inclusion of
    media to raise awareness of the importance company's specific information needs. dissemination as an integral part of their
    and relevance of IHL. annual plans. During 2005, the National
    The ICRC gave several presentations on Societies organized more than 600 dissem-
    IHL during the year, including one on pro- ination events for some 36,000 participants:
    ARMED FORCES AND OTHER tection of journalists in conflict zones for students, journalists, police recruits, prison
    BEARERS OF WEAPONS some 40 representatives of private and pub- guards, urban squatters and potential and
    lic news organizations at a meeting of the existing National Society staff.
    The ICRC reviewed its activities for armed, Pacific Islands News Association in Tonga.
    security and police forces in the Pacific. The ICRC support also included the organiza-
    preliminary results indicated the need to Among the other events organized by the tion of regional training events for National
    strengthen and focus on activities to expedite ICRC was an IHL seminar in Sydney. Some Society staff, financial support for staff
    the incorporation of IHL into the doctrine 90 people attended the event, including positions and support for field activities.
    and training of the forces most exposed to representatives of the government, the
    violence. diplomatic corps, the military, NGOs, the The delegation continued working with the
    media, the medical field and academia, as International Federation to prepare the
    The delegation sponsored the participation well as lawyers and students. Timor-Leste Red Cross for recognition by
    of one officer each from the armed forces of the Movement. The National Society formally
    Fiji and Papua New Guinea in an IHL course adopted its statutes and elected a governing

    206
    ICRC ANNUAL REPORT 2005

    body at its first general assembly in August.


    After recognition by its government in
    September, the Timor-Leste Red Cross was
    admitted as the 183rd member of the
    Movement in December. The ICRC also
    maintained its support to the National
    Society's tracing activities.

    The ICRC continued to cooperate closely


    with the International Federation and Red
    Cross Societies of Australia and New
    Zealand, which remained key partners in
    the region. The ICRC and the Australian
    Red Cross carried out joint assessment mis-
    sions to Papua New Guinea and the
    Solomon Islands in order to reinforce the
    branch structures of the National Societies.
    The delegation also regularly attended the
    meetings of the national IHL committee of
    the Australian Red Cross.

    207
    tashkent
    In operation since 1992, the ICRC’s regional del-
    RUSSIAN FEDERATION
    egation in Central Asia works with the armed
    forces and civilian educational establishments to
    develop IHL teaching programmes, promotes
    the ratification of IHL instruments and the
    CASPIAN
    ASTANA adoption of implementing legislation and helps
    SEA National Societies in the region promote IHL
    ARAL K A Z A K H S TA N and strengthen their capacities to assist victims
    SEA
    of violence. Current priorities for the regional
    delegation include visiting security detainees
    UZB EKI STAN
    Almaty and supporting the authorities’ efforts to control
    TUR KM EN I STAN
    BISHKEK tuberculosis in Kyrgyz prisons.
    TASHKENT K Y R G Y Z R E P.
    ASHGABAT
    Termez DUSHANBE CHINA
    TA J I K I S TA N
    IRAN
    AFGHANISTAN
    500 km
    PAKISTAN ICRC/AR.2005
    COVERING
    ICRC regional delegation ICRC mission ICRC office Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan,
    ICRC-supported prosthetic/orthotic centre Uzbekistan

    EXPENDITURE (IN CHF ,000)


    Protection 3,004
    Assistance 1,555
    Prevention 2,550 CONTEXT
    Cooperation with National Societies 757
    General - Central Asian energy resources contin- In Kyrgyzstan, a wave of popular protest
    ued to play a key role in relations between forced President Akayev to resign after he
    7,867 the countries of the region, as well as in was accused of interfering with parliamen-
    of which: Overheads 480 their dealings with global powers. China and tary elections. A new government was formed
    IMPLEMENTATION RATE India strengthened trade links with Central after the election of another president in
    Expenditure/yearly budget 74.8% Asia, and the Shanghai Cooperation July, but prison riots, the poorly explained
    Organization fostered the development of deaths of several members of parliament
    PERSONNEL
    23 expatriates
    regional political, military and economic and protests were signs of instability.
    93 national staff (daily workers not included) ties. Both Tajikistan and Uzbekistan rein-
    forced relations with Russia, and Uzbekistan In Tajikistan, restrictions were imposed
    KEY POINTS requested that the United States cut back its on the activities of political parties in the
    military presence there. run-up to 2006 presidential elections. A key
    In 2005, the ICRC: opposition leader was given a prison sen-
    visited Andijan immediately after the events Kazakhstan remained the wealthiest and tence of over 20 years.
    there in May to assess the needs of the
    most stable country in the region. Poverty
    population and made numerous representa-
    tions to the Uzbek authorities, particularly in Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan
    on behalf of families who did not know continued to drive large-scale economic
    the whereabouts of their relatives; migration to both Kazakhstan and Russia,
    continued visits to detainees in Kyrgyzstan and declining standards of living, along with
    and helped the authorities to contain the extensive drug use, contributed to growing
    spread of tuberculosis in prisons; public health threats such as tuberculosis
    sought to clarify issues of access and
    (TB) and HIV/AIDS.
    visiting procedures in order to resume visits,
    suspended since late 2004, to detainees
    in Tajikistan and Uzbekistan; pursued In mid-May, several hundred people fled to
    discussions with the Turkmen authorities Kyrgyzstan following violent security inci-
    on the possibility of starting visits to dents in Andijan. Uzbekistan requested
    security detainees; their extradition, but most of the refugees
    continued to encourage universities, secondary were evacuated to Romania in July by
    schools and armed forces to develop IHL
    instruction and include the subject in their
    UNHCR following intervention by the
    curricula; international community. Over the year, the
    helped Central Asian Red Crescent Societies Uzbek government tightened its controls
    build up activities to promote IHL and on foreign organizations. In spite of friction
    restore family links and supported the with both Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan over
    mine-risk education programmes of border control and related issues, Uzbekistan
    the Red Crescent Societies of Kyrgyzstan
    began to clear mines laid on its borders
    and Tajikistan;
    maintained support to the only physical with both countries.
    rehabilitation centre serving the disabled in
    Tajikistan, taking steps to hand over the
    facility to the government in due course.

    208
    ICRC ANNUAL REPORT 2005

    MAIN FIGURES AND INDICATORS

    PEOPLE DEPRIVED OF THEIR FREEDOM (All categories/all statuses) 1 WOUNDED AND SICK 2
    Detainees visited 13,171 Physical rehabilitation
    Number of visits carried out 39 Patients receiving services Patients 663
    Number of places of detention visited 21 Prostheses delivered Pieces 347
    RESTORING FAMILY LINKS Orthoses delivered Pieces 146
    Red Cross messages (RCMs) and reunifications
    RCMs collected 836
    RCMs distributed 682
    DOCUMENTS ISSUED
    People to whom travel documents were issued 18
    1. Kyrgyzstan
    2. Tajikistan

    ICRC ACTION In addition, the ICRC helped Central Asian treatment and living conditions and in
    Red Crescent Societies build their capacities bringing TB in prisons under control. In
    Visits to security detainees remained the to respond to emergencies, promote IHL the second half of the year, the ICRC
    ICRC’s priority in Central Asia, but the and the Fundamental Principles and restore obtained access to people held in police
    regional delegation was also active in fol- family links. stations under an agreement reached with
    lowing up on issues of protection of the the Ministry of Internal Affairs.
    civilian population in connection with the
    events in Andijan. CIVILIANS In August, the regional delegation submit-
    ted reports to the prime minister and min-
    In 2005, visits to detainees in Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan ister of justice on the living conditions and
    though interrupted for some weeks by prison While an ICRC team arrived in Andijan treatment of detainees and the nutritional
    riots, continued throughout the year. The soon after the disturbances there and was situation in the penitentiary system. These
    ICRC gained access to detainees in police able to travel freely in and around the city, it reports complemented the ICRC’s previous
    stations, assessed the treatment and living was not permitted to see those who had reports on TB prevalence and sanitation con-
    conditions of all detainees visited and con- been arrested, wounded or killed. The ICRC ditions and were used as a basis for devel-
    tributed to government efforts to halt the made several visits to the Uzbek civilians oping further cooperation in these areas
    spread of TB in prisons. who had fled to Kyrgyzstan. It made rep- and mobilizing assistance for the reform of
    resentations to both the Kyrgyz and the the judicial and penitentiary systems.
    In both Tajikistan and Uzbekistan, mean- Uzbek authorities on their behalf. It relayed
    while, ICRC visits had been suspended since RCMs between the ones who found asylum The ICRC continued to support the
    late 2004 and remained so throughout 2005. abroad and family members back in Ministry of Justice’s efforts to introduce the
    In both countries, the ICRC sought to estab- Uzbekistan. It also established contact with WHO-approved directly observed treatment
    lish acceptable terms of access to detainees families in the Andijan region who were short course (DOTS) to stop the spread of
    and to achieve the level of official commit- seeking news of relatives who had been TB in prisons. It rehabilitated sanitation
    ment needed to resume the visits. arrested and, in some cases, was able to obtain facilities in the main TB colony, helped
    information from the authorities on the form a national TB coordinating commit-
    The ICRC continued to support the only person’s whereabouts. In July, the regional tee and organized a working group on TB
    centre providing rehabilitation services to delegation submitted a written report on in prisons. It encouraged other TB pro-
    the disabled in Tajikistan, gradually scaling the events to the Uzbek authorities. grammes in the country to include prisons
    back its input as the government took over and to assist the Ministry of Justice’s efforts
    more responsibility for the centre. 607 RCMs collected from civilians to contain the spread of the disease. In
    in Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan, October, MSF-Switzerland launched a
    The delegation in Tashkent pressed on with 444 distributed to them five-year project to implement the DOTS
    a comprehensive agenda of regional activ- strategy in a TB colony for new patients.
    ities, promoting IHL study and research at
    university level, assisting national educa- PEOPLE DEPRIVED 13,731 detainees visited during 39 visits
    tion systems in incorporating basic IHL OF THEIR FREEDOM to 21 places of detention
    into secondary-school curricula, and 88 RCMs delivered to and 108 RCMs
    supporting the integration of IHL into Kyrgyzstan collected from detainees
    military and police training. It advised Throughout 2005, the ICRC visited
    lawmakers on issues related to IHL and the detainees held in investigation institutions Uzbekistan and Tajikistan
    ICRC’s mandate, which included helping and penal colonies administered by the A number of difficulties prompted the
    draft a law regulating use of the emblem Ministry of Justice. It also had access to ICRC to suspend visits to detainees in
    (Kazakhstan) and strengthening legisla- people detained by the National Security Uzbekistan at the end of 2004. In order to
    tion for the repression of war crimes Service. Kyrgyzstan’s new government resume visits, the delegation sought recon-
    (Kyrgyzstan). confirmed its commitment to cooperate firmation of the government’s commit-
    with the ICRC in improving detainees’ ment to honour the terms of the agreement

    209
    ASIA AND THE PACIFIC TASHKENT

    it signed in January 2001. In particular, WOUNDED AND SICK ARMED FORCES AND OTHER
    the ICRC requested access to all detainees BEARERS OF WEAPONS
    and a formal undertaking by the govern- Supporting physical rehabilitation
    ment to address the issues raised in ICRC services in Tajikistan Armed forces
    reports of previous visits. At the end of The Ministry of Labour and Social For a number of years, the ICRC had worked
    2005, the ICRC was still negotiating with Protection, with the ICRC’s support, ran with the armed forces in the region to
    the authorities. the only physical rehabilitation facility enhance their knowledge of States’ respon-
    in Tajikistan. The centre was located in sibilities under IHL. In 2005, the regional
    In Tajikistan, between January and Dushanbe, and the Tajik Red Crescent delegation encouraged the Ministries of
    September 2004, the ICRC had full access identified disabled people and made follow- Defence to develop national curricula for
    to all places of detention under the author- up visits to extend its services to those military training in IHL, helped train mil-
    ity of the Ministry of Justice. The visits were living far from the capital. In 2005, the itary instructors in IHL and provided
    conducted on the basis of an oral agree- centre began manufacturing upper-limb training materials.
    ment from the president in June 2003. The prostheses.
    ICRC suspended visits when the Ministry In Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan, the ICRC
    of Justice sought to impose restrictions that During the year, the ICRC gave on-the-job had begun teaching IHL to high-ranking
    altered the procedures needed to obtain a training to the centre’s five technicians and officers and was seeking a formal agreement
    clear picture of detainee conditions and continued to provide materials for making from the government to carry out a more
    treatment and to have an impact on them. appliances. It also furnished the centre’s comprehensive IHL training programme.
    In March 2005, to establish the basis for new hostel, set up by the government to
    resuming visits to Ministry of Justice facil- house patients living far away. It continued In Turkmenistan, where the ICRC had pre-
    ities and for beginning visits to places to scale down its financial support as the viously been able to engage in few activ-
    under the authority of the Ministries of government took over more responsibility ities with the armed forces, the government
    Internal Affairs and Security, the ICRC for the centre. However, it was clear that the showed more openness to developing mili-
    submitted a comprehensive agreement on government could not pay salaries high tary training in IHL. The ICRC therefore
    humanitarian activities for detained or enough to retain qualified staff and that, if submitted a draft agreement to this effect
    imprisoned persons to the Tajik authori- it was to provide long-term access to phys- for its consideration. In Uzbekistan, which
    ties for consideration. As there had not yet ical rehabilitation services for those who had the largest military force in the region,
    been any progress in discussions with could not afford them, the centre would the ICRC helped finance the production of an
    authorities, visits were still on hold at the need external financial support for several IHL manual in Uzbek for the armed forces.
    end of the year. years to come.
    Tajikistan had few resources to devote to
    The ICRC worked with the Red Crescent 663 patients (446 amputees) provided military training and lacked the structure
    Society of Tajikistan to relay RCMs between with physical rehabilitation services needed to develop and sustain a national
    detainees and their families either in 121 new patients fitted with prostheses, IHL training programme within the armed
    Tajikistan or abroad. It delivered messages 73 with orthoses forces. The ICRC limited its activities to
    in Tajikistan to families of people detained 312 lower-limb prostheses (34 to mine a basic presentation on IHL to different
    elsewhere, mostly in Afghanistan, the victims) and 35 upper-limb prostheses armed forces.
    Guantanamo Bay Naval Station or delivered; 146 orthoses and 356 crutches/
    Uzbekistan. It also followed up on Tajik sticks delivered Police forces
    detainees who had returned home after For several years, the ICRC had conducted
    their release from Guantanamo Bay. annual seminars on IHL and human rights
    AUTHORITIES law for police forces in the region. In 2005,
    Turkmenistan it began exploring the possibility of help-
    The ICRC and the government of Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan had ing the Uzbek Ministry of Interior develop
    Turkmenistan continued to discuss the national committees for the implementa- instruction in IHL and human rights law
    possibility of starting ICRC visits to tion of IHL. Their priorities included: for the police force.
    detainees, and the vice president of the developing an emblem law (Kazakhstan);
    ICRC visited Turkmenistan in May. amending legislation repressing war crimes
    Although it agreed in principle with ICRC (Kyrgyzstan); and protecting cultural
    visits, the government had not, by the property during conflict (Tajikistan). In
    end of the year, accepted all of the ICRC’s November, Tajikistan ratified the Second
    standard procedures. Protocol to the Hague Convention on
    Cultural Property. In 2005, the ICRC pro-
    vided some technical support to the
    national IHL committees, responded to
    queries from the legislative and executive
    bodies of Central Asian countries and
    familiarized several officials with IHL and
    ICRC action.

    210
    ICRC ANNUAL REPORT 2005

    CIVIL SOCIETY RED CROSS AND


    RED CRESCENT MOVEMENT
    Secondary schools
    When secondary-school systems were adapt- The ICRC supported Central Asian Red
    ing their curricula after independence, the Crescent Societies in conducting youth
    ICRC worked with the authorities in programmes and activities to restore family
    Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan to links and promote IHL. It also worked with
    develop textbooks in local languages with the International Federation to help the
    lessons on basic IHL principles. In 2005, National Societies of the region develop
    the programmes continued in Kyrgyzstan legal frameworks for independent action
    and Uzbekistan. In Kazakhstan, the ICRC and to strengthen their operational capaci-
    launched a pilot Exploring Humanitarian ties. The regional delegation sent National
    Law project in 40 schools in the south of Society representatives to a number of
    the country and trained 45 teachers in the Movement events and meetings, and
    programme. These initiatives helped intro- helped the Turkmen Red Crescent repair
    duce the basic concepts of IHL to more its headquarters building and train key
    than 620,000 students throughout the staff members.
    region during the year.
    Mine action
    Universities In Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan, the ICRC
    After a decade of technical support from gave the National Societies financial and
    the ICRC, 20 major Central Asian univer- technical support in running their mine-
    sities had integrated IHL into their curric- risk education programmes. The Tajik Red
    ula and standards and taught IHL as an Crescent, which ran its programme in coor-
    optional subject in their faculties of inter- dination with the Tajik Mine Action Cell,
    national law, pre-military training and established eight safe play areas for children
    history. The ICRC donated standard IHL in areas in the north most affected by mines
    libraries to these partner universities. It also and unexploded ordnance.
    sponsored the sixth annual Central Asian
    IHL competition, held in Almaty in May,
    and conducted the first Central Asian IHL
    course for advanced students and junior
    lecturers in Tashkent in late October.

    Media
    Through contacts with journalists, the ICRC
    sought to increase public awareness of its
    mandate and activities. It also organized a
    photo exhibition on women and war, which
    was shown in Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan
    and Uzbekistan.

    211
    EUROPE DELEGATIONS THE AMERICAS DELEGATIONS
    Armenia Colombia
    Azerbaijan Haiti
    Bosnia and Herzegovina THE AMERICAS REGIONAL
    Georgia
    DELEGATIONS
    Serbia and Montenegro Buenos Aires
    EUROPE REGIONAL DELEGATIONS Caracas
    Budapest Lima
    Kyiv Mexico City
    Moscow Washington
    Skopje New York
    Ankara
    Brussels
    International Tracing Service
    Boris Heger/ICRC

    London
    Paris
    EUROPE AND
    ICRC delegates talk with detainees in private to ascertain how they are
    being treated and in what conditions they are living. Any concerns are then
    relayed in a confidential manner to the relevant authorities for action.
    THE AMERICAS
    CANADA

    ICELAND
    UNITED STATES
    FINLAND
    ESTONIA
    MEXICO LATVIA
    LITHUANIA RUSSIAN FEDERATION
    CUBA
    BELIZE NORWAY
    JAMAICA
    GUATEMALA SWEDEN
    HAITI
    HONDURAS DENMARK
    DOM. REPUBLIC
    EL SALVADOR TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO
    NICARAGUA VENEZUELA
    COSTA RICA GUYANA
    PANAMA COLOMBIA SURINAME
    FRENCH GUYANA R.F.
    EQUADOR BELARUS
    UNITED UKRAINE
    KINGDOM POLAND GEORGIA
    IRELAND
    PERU GERMANY
    BRAZIL CZECH REP. SLOVAKIA MOLDOVA

    BOLIVIA NETHERLANDS
    AUSTRIA HUNGARY ROMANIA
    BELGIUM
    PARAGUAY
    LUXEMBOURG AZERBAIJAN
    FRANCE BULGARIA
    ANDORRA ITALY ARMENIA
    TURKEY
    CHILE
    URUGUAY

    PORTUGAL SPAIN
    ARGENTINA CYPRUS
    GREECE

    SWITZERLAND
    EXPENDITURE (IN CHF ,000) MONACO
    LIECHTENSTEIN
    Protection SAN MARINO
    23,347 SLOVENIA
    CROATIA
    Assistance BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA
    56,492 SERBIA AND MONTENEGRO
    ALBANIA
    Prevention FYR MACEDONIA

    36,618
    Cooperation with National Societies
    14,776
    General
    280

    131,514 of which: Overheads 7,976 ICRC delegation


    ICRC regional delegation
    Implementation rate
    94.1% ICRC mission
    EUROPE AND THE AMERICAS INTRODUCTION

    Western, Central and South-Eastern 18th session of the Working Group on From its communication office in London,
    Europe, plus Washington Persons Unaccounted For and promoted the based at the British Red Cross, the ICRC
    Stability and peace in the region grew as use of ante-mortem data. Furthermore, the continued to develop its network of inter-
    the European Union (EU) and NATO con- ICRC obtained access to war-crime suspects national and national media contacts to
    tinued to offer advantages to countries held under the jurisdictions of the State ensure that humanitarian concerns were
    through agreements and membership. Court and the Ministries of Justice at entity central to their reporting on situations of
    Bulgaria, Romania, Albania and the Former level and visited people detained by NATO. conflict. It also sought to gain support for
    Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (FYR the rules of IHL among the public, decision-
    Macedonia) made progress towards EU Serbia and Montenegro improved its coop- makers and opinion-leaders.
    accession. However, Croatia, Bosnia and eration with the international community,
    Herzegovina and Serbia and Montenegro but the potential for violence persisted, The ICRC delegations in Brussels and
    still had to address difficult issues in particularly in Kosovo and southern Serbia. Paris worked to bolster their increasingly
    connection with past conflicts in the The ICRC continued to focus attention on important role in international humanitar-
    Balkans and to cooperate fully with the the issues of missing persons and vulnera- ian diplomacy and to enhance respect for
    International Criminal Tribunal for the ble IDPs from Kosovo. The organization humanitarian principles and for the appli-
    former Yugoslavia (ICTY). Negotiations on chaired official sessions of the Working cability of IHL in conflict situations.
    the final status of Kosovo were officially Group on the Missing in Kosovo, re-
    launched in October 2005. establishing direct talks and enabling sus- In 2005, the ICRC maintained its presence
    tained dialogue on the issue to take place in Ankara, strengthening relations with the
    ICRC operations saw a continued emphasis between Belgrade and Pristina. It pursued national authorities and the Turkish Red
    on the preventive approach, promoting discussions with the authorities in Serbia Crescent Society and promoting IHL within
    IHL and a deeper understanding of the and Montenegro regarding the legal and the armed forces and academic circles.
    organization’s role and activities among the administrative problems facing the fami-
    authorities, armed forces and other bearers lies of the missing. Moreover, the ICRC Eastern Europe
    of weapons and civil society. It continued monitored the situation of minorities and The ICRC’s operations in Chechnya,
    to develop the capacities of the National IDPs, assisted IDPs in Kosovo living in lead- Daghestan and Ingushetia continued to
    Societies to act reliably, independently and contaminated areas and alerted the author- suffer constraints due to the highly volatile
    impartially. ities and other humanitarian actors to the security environment in the northern
    issue, and conducted a final evaluation of Caucasus. Indeed, while the need for
    As planned, programmes in the Balkans its assistance programmes for IDPs in humanitarian assistance remained signif-
    were scaled back and the overall budget was Serbia and Montenegro. icant, the development of neutral and
    substantially reduced. In particular, the impartial humanitarian action still posed
    authorities in Serbia and Montenegro In the countries covered by the Budapest serious challenges.
    shouldered greater responsibility for pro- and Skopje regional delegations, the
    viding direct assistance to IDPs, while there ICRC pursued efforts to build an extensive As anticipated, the ICRC continued to
    was a winding down of assistance activities network of contacts in civil society to raise focus on protection and assistance activities
    in the FYR Macedonia. awareness of its mandate and activities and in the northern Caucasus. It maintained its
    of IHL. The ICRC continued to encourage confidential dialogue with the authorities
    The ICRC remained actively involved in the the creation of national interministerial on protection concerns relating to deten-
    quest to clarify the fate of missing per- committees to promote the implementa- tion issues and the civilian population, as
    sons, one of the most painful legacies of tion of IHL. well as on the missing. ICRC access to
    conflict. It made strong representations on Chechnya improved, with expatriate dele-
    the issue, as well as on the needs of IDPs The ICRC kept up its visits to people gates making regular visits to the republic.
    and the situation of detainees, to national detained in The Hague within the frame- The organization continued to discuss deten-
    authorities and international organizations work of the ICTY. During the year, tion visits, suspended in 2004, with the
    present in the region. The ICRC worked 61 detainees were visited, of whom 26 were Russian authorities, seeking a resumption
    closely with National Societies operating monitored individually, during four visits of the visits according to its standard proce-
    in situations that were either still fragile, to four places of detention. dures, but with no definitive results.
    such as in Bosnia and Herzegovina, or
    unresolved, such as in Kosovo. The Washington regional delegation, Across the northern Caucasus, the ICRC
    which covers the United States and Canada, continued to provide people with essential
    In Bosnia and Herzegovina, a decade after pursued its strategy of intensifying dia- household items and also ran micro-
    the signing of the Dayton Peace Agreement, logue with the US administration on issues economic projects in Chechnya. In order
    some progress was made towards stability, crucial to the protection of people held to understand better how conflict had
    along with major political reforms. How- in relation to the “war on terror” and on the affected the livelihoods of people across
    ever, the many still unresolved cases of continued relevance of IHL. In addition, the region and to continue to improve its
    missing persons in Bosnia and Herzegovina the ICRC helped thousands of people response, the ICRC undertook a vulnera-
    remained a major concern for the ICRC. affected by the devastation left by hurricane bility needs assessment in Chechnya,
    The organization provided legal and tech- Katrina in August and September to restore Daghestan and Ingushetia.
    nical assistance to the authorities in charge contact with their relatives via a special
    of creating official central records on the website. The delegation also maintained The principal challenge in Armenia,
    missing, of implementing the Law on close contacts with the Canadian authori- Azerbaijan and Georgia, in terms of both
    Missing Persons and of establishing the ties on ICRC operational and institutional protection and assistance, was to find long-
    Missing Persons Institute. It chaired the issues of concern. term solutions to the problems arising from

    214
    ICRC ANNUAL REPORT 2005

    the decade-long unresolved conflicts of the In Colombia, where the only large-scale hundreds of wounded people from Cité
    southern Caucasus. armed conflict on the continent was still Soleil, one of the most violence-prone
    ongoing, the ICRC continued to face major shantytowns, where a water and sanitation
    In both Armenia and Azerbaijan, the ICRC challenges in conducting its operation, in project initiated with the National Society
    submitted a set of proposals to the author- terms both of the resources required and in 2005 reversed to some extent the increas-
    ities with a view to clarifying the fate of per- of carrying out neutral and impartial ing marginalization of its residents. ICRC
    sons missing in relation to the Nagorny humanitarian activities in a climate of per- delegates continued to follow individual
    Karabakh conflict and ultimately to provid- sistent IHL violations. In 2005, the conflict detainees arrested in connection with ongo-
    ing answers to their families. It conducted between the Colombian government and ing political disturbances and to monitor
    a name-by-name comparison of the ICRC’s the country’s main insurgent group intensi- the detention conditions of all detainees in
    list of missing persons with the authorities’ fied. The ICRC continued to focus its field order to determine the structural support to
    lists in order to reach a consolidated list for activities on about 20 priority zones where be provided, in partnership with other organ-
    each country. In Georgia, the organization humanitarian needs were greatest, stream- izations, to the national prison authorities.
    offered technical support to the authorities lining its operational structure. It remained
    with the aim of clarifying the fate of per- the only major organization in Colombia The ICRC continued to have access to secu-
    sons missing in relation to the Abkhazia with access to victims in the zones hardest hit rity detainees in the five countries covered
    and South Ossetia conflicts. The ICRC by the armed conflict and with the ability to by the Buenos Aires delegation, visiting
    strengthened its capacity in the region with provide them with emergency assistance people newly detained in connection with
    the appointment of a forensic adviser and facilitate access to health services. protest movements, particularly in Chile
    delegate in Georgia. and Paraguay. With tensions especially high
    Intense social protests in Bolivia and Ecuador in Brazil and Paraguay owing to urban
    In Georgia, Armenia and Azerbaijan, the led to the resignations of these countries’ violence and the agrarian and indigenous
    ICRC visited places of detention to monitor respective presidents. At the end of the year, issues, the delegation maintained close con-
    conditions, including the functioning of Bolivians elected, by an overwhelming tact with the authorities in both countries.
    the health system, and maintained support margin, the country’s first indigenous pres- In Brazil, important breakthroughs were
    to the TB control programme in prisons. ident. In Peru, tensions intensified between achieved in the integration of IHL into the
    In Georgia, it also distributed food and various groups, including remnants of the doctrine of the armed forces and the inclu-
    essential household items, as well as grants, Shining Path guerrillas, and armed and sion of applicable human rights norms into
    to vulnerable people and rehabilitated police forces. In light of the social unrest in the manuals, training and operating proce-
    collective centres housing IDPs. the region, the ICRC reinforced the capaci- dures of the police.
    ties of National Societies covered by the
    In the region covered by the Kyiv regional Lima regional delegation to respond effec- The Caracas delegation signed an agree-
    delegation, including Belarus, Moldova tively to the consequences of violence and ment with the Venezuelan Ministry of the
    and Ukraine, the ICRC pursued its long- covered the cost of medical treatment of Interior to integrate applicable human
    term programmes to promote IHL. These people affected by it. The ICRC also moni- rights norms into the manuals, training
    included the ongoing integration of IHL tored the conditions of detention of hun- and operating procedures of selected police
    into domestic legislation and academic dreds of security detainees in Peru and units. The Venezuelan authorities also
    teaching and developing the capacities of its offered expertise to government authorities granted the ICRC full access to all detainees
    local partners to promote IHL proactively in Peru and Bolivia in their efforts to upgrade of concern to the organization.
    and independently. health services for detainees.
    In the countries covered by the Buenos
    Latin America and the Caribbean From its regional delegation in Mexico Aires and Caracas delegations, the ICRC
    Across Latin America and the Caribbean, City, the ICRC continued to encourage the kept up efforts to promote IHL, focusing
    poverty, the growing gap between rich and national authorities in Mexico and Central particularly on incorporating the repres-
    poor, crime and migration continued to America to implement and accede to IHL sion of war crimes into domestic law.
    threaten the political stability of a number instruments, while fostering the integration
    of countries. In some of these, indige- of IHL or applicable human rights norms
    nous people organized themselves to fight into the doctrine, operating procedures and
    against social and economic marginaliza- training of the armed forces and the police.
    tion and struggled to retain control of their In response to unusually strong hurricanes
    ancestral lands. and tropical storms, which devastated parts
    of Central America and the Mexican Gulf
    Throughout the region, where possible in Coast in October, the ICRC helped the
    tandem with the International Federation, Salvadoran and Guatemalan National
    the ICRC continued to strengthen the insti- Societies restore family links and design
    tutional capacities of National Societies. In better safety rules for staff and volunteers.
    countries experiencing, or likely to experi-
    ence, internal strife, such as Bolivia, Ecuador, In light of Haiti’s persistent instability as
    Guatemala, Haiti, Paraguay and Peru, the the country prepared for general elections
    ICRC focused on enhancing the National scheduled for the end of the year, the
    Societies’ emergency preparedness, espe- ICRC continued to focus on protecting
    cially their first-aid and ambulance services. victims of armed violence by intensifying
    its dialogue with all groups involved. It
    also helped the Haitian Red Cross evacuate

    215
    armenia
    The maps in this report are for illustrative purposes only The ICRC has been working in Armenia since
    and do not express an opinion on the part of the ICRC
    CASPIAN SEA
    1992 in relation to the Nagorny Karabakh con-
    RUSSIAN FEDERATION
    flict. It focuses on addressing the issue of miss-
    ing persons and the problems of detainees held
    in connection with the conflict, detained for
    GEORGIA BAKU security reasons or otherwise vulnerable, and
    Tovuz AZERBAIJAN monitors the situation of communities along the
    Ijevan
    Ganja
    Barda
    Line of Contact. It supports the authorities in
    NAGORNY
    bringing the spread of tuberculosis in prisons
    KARABAKH Agdam
    ARM EN I A under control. It also promotes the national
    Stepanakert/
    Lachin Khankendi
    YEREVAN implementation of IHL and its integration into
    NAKHICHEVAN the training of the armed and security forces
    Nakhichevan
    and into university and school curricula. The
    TURKEY
    IRAN ICRC works to strengthen the capacities of the
    Armenian Red Cross Society.
    Approx. line of contact 100 km

    ICRC/AR_2005

    ICRC delegation ICRC mission ICRC-supported prosthetic/orthotic centre

    EXPENDITURE (IN CHF ,000)


    Protection 966
    Assistance 1,257
    Prevention 879 CONTEXT
    Cooperation with National Societies 203
    General - Armenia cultivated its diplomatic ties with that a breakthrough might be achieved in
    both the United States and Russia, although 2006 leading to a lasting settlement.
    3,306 relations with Moscow became strained when
    of which: Overheads 202 plans were announced to double the price At the same time, tensions were reported
    IMPLEMENTATION RATE of Russian natural gas. Cooperation with throughout the year along the international
    Expenditure/yearly budget 96.5% Iran increased significantly in the fields border/Line of Contact, particularly in the
    of energy (construction of a gas pipeline), spring. The authorities of both Armenia
    PERSONNEL
    6 expatriates
    transport and culture. At the same time, and Azerbaijan continued to use militant
    57 national staff (daily workers not included) Yerevan intensified its dialogue with the rhetoric for domestic consumption.
    European Union (EU) by beginning nego-
    KEY POINTS tiations on an Armenia-EU joint action Following a proposal by Azerbaijan for a
    plan within the framework of the European new UN resolution entitled “Situation in
    In 2005, the ICRC: Neighbourhood Policy. the occupied territories”, an OSCE fact-
    submitted a set of proposals to the authorities finding mission took place in January 2005
    with a view to clarifying the fate of persons
    In November, amendments to the 1995 to assess the issue of settlements. The mission
    missing in relation to the Nagorny Karabakh
    conflict and ultimately to providing answers Armenian Constitution were adopted as found evidence of the presence of settlers in
    to their families; conducted a name-by-name a result of a nationwide referendum. The the territories examined but – excepting
    comparison of the ICRC’s list of missing opposition denounced fraud and called for Lachin – did not determine that such settle-
    persons with the authorities’ and a local the cancellation of the results. The Council ments resulted from a deliberate policy by
    NGO’s lists in order to reach a consolidated list; of Europe regretted that serious incidents the Armenian authorities.
    participated in the repatriation of had marred the poll but declared it in com-
    3 Azerbaijani POWs detained in Nagorny
    pliance with international standards.
    Karabakh in connection with the conflict;
    visited 16 places of detention to monitor
    conditions, including the functioning of Eleven years after a ceasefire was concluded
    the health system, and maintained support in the Nagorny Karabakh conflict, encour-
    to the TB control programme in prisons; aging developments seemed to take place
    supported IHL training for the armed within the framework of the Prague Process.
    forces; held the first national IHL moot- The presidents of Armenia and Azerbaijan
    court competition and the second national
    IHL essay competition for law students as
    held talks twice during the year, and the for-
    part of its efforts to promote IHL. eign ministers met numerous times. Accord-
    ing to a statement by the 13th Ministerial
    Council of the Organization for Security
    and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE),
    adopted in December 2005, talks on the
    resolution of the conflict were poised to
    make the transition from negotiation to
    decision. The OSCE Minsk Group, mediat-
    ing between the two sides, expressed hope

    216
    ICRC ANNUAL REPORT 2005

    MAIN FIGURES AND INDICATORS

    PEOPLE DEPRIVED OF THEIR FREEDOM (All categories/all statuses) CIVILIANS AND PEOPLE DEPRIVED OF THEIR FREEDOM
    Detainees visited 2,939 Economic security, water and habitat
    Detainees visited and monitored individually 76 Food Beneficiaries 1,070
    Number of visits carried out 50 Essential household items Beneficiaries 320
    Number of places of detention visited 16 Water-supply schemes and sanitation systems
    RESTORING FAMILY LINKS (completed projects) Beneficiaries 7,230
    Red Cross messages (RCMs) and reunifications
    RCMs collected 148
    RCMs distributed 113

    ICRC ACTION The ICRC maintained its close working and a dialogue initiated with the Armenian
    relationship with the International Federation Red Cross Society on cooperation in future
    The fate of people missing as a result of the and the Armenian Red Cross Society with data collection.
    Nagorny Karabakh conflict continued to be the aim of strengthening the National
    the major focus of the ICRC in Armenia. To Society’s capacities. A first assessment of the legal and financial
    help resolve this issue, the ICRC pursued situation of families of the missing, com-
    efforts to foster a dialogue between all pleted by the ICRC, found that the families
    parties concerned, reminding them of CIVILIANS of missing soldiers received some level of
    their obligations under IHL and present- compensation, while the families of missing
    ing them with proposals on ways to advance Missing persons civilians received no benefits. With the
    the process. Thousands of families remained without ICRC’s support, the Fund Against Violation
    news of the fate or whereabouts of relatives of Law, a local NGO, provided school
    The ICRC enjoyed a constructive relation- missing as a result of the Nagorny Karabakh materials to 94 children of missing per-
    ship with the Armenian authorities and conflict. The ICRC conducted a name-by- sons, as well as psychological assistance to
    was granted full access to all detainees held name comparison of its list of missing per- the families.
    in connection with the conflict. In all places sons with the authorities’ and a local NGO’s
    of detention visited, the organization lists and contacted the families of those Family links
    continued to focus on vulnerable groups, people who were not on its own list in order The RCM network remained the only way
    including those serving life sentences, for- to reach a consolidated list. By the end of for a number of people from Abkhazia,
    eigners, women and juveniles. The ICRC the year, the ICRC’s list of missing persons Azerbaijan and other countries to stay in
    maintained its support to the extensive from Armenia, Azerbaijan and Nagorny touch with relatives in Armenia.
    tuberculosis (TB) control programme in Karabakh contained 3,478 names.
    prisons, while working towards its eventual 93 RCMs distributed and 113 RCMs
    handover to the Ministry of Justice. 467 new tracing requests registered collected

    Following tensions along the border between The ICRC presented all parties with a
    Armenia and Azerbaijan in spring 2005, the memorandum outlining proposals for PEOPLE DEPRIVED
    ICRC carried out two assessment missions addressing the issue of the missing in a OF THEIR FREEDOM
    to the Tavush region to better understand comprehensive fashion. The Armenian
    and gauge the impact of the situation on the authorities welcomed this initiative, and The ICRC continued to visit people held in
    civilian population. Accordingly, it decided the organization pursued its dialogue with connection with the conflict in Nagorny
    to step up its presence in the area in 2006. them on implementation of the proposals. Karabakh and to monitor the conditions of
    These pertained to the ongoing work of detention and treatment of detainees. It
    As anticipated, the promotion of IHL the relevant commissions and the creation participated in the repatriation of three
    remained a priority for the ICRC in Armenia. of multilateral mechanisms, the collection Azerbaijani POWs detained in Nagorny
    It kept in regular contact with the authori- and management of information on the Karabakh in relation to the conflict.
    ties regarding the national implementation missing, the recovery and identification of
    of relevant IHL treaties and continued to human remains and psychological support The ICRC had unrestricted access to places
    support the work of military IHL instructors for the families of the missing. of detention under the authority of the
    and the integration of IHL into military Ministry of Justice and the State police serv-
    doctrine and training. Given the ongoing Although the authorities lacked experi- ice. Recommendations made by the ICRC
    reform of the Armenian education system, ence in ante-mortem data collection, they following its visits were acknowledged by
    the ICRC recommended that IHL be expressed their readiness to uphold the the authorities and acted upon where pos-
    included in the school curriculum as a process and requested support and training sible. The organization was also allowed to
    mandatory subject and that the authori- from the ICRC in doing so. The ICRC also visit places of detention under the responsi-
    ties take over ownership of the pro- initiated discussions with various actors bility of the Ministry of Defence.
    gramme within two years. The ICRC also capable of playing a role in ante-mortem
    continued to support the teaching of IHL data collection and later in the identifica- The ICRC maintained its focus on the
    in Armenian universities. tion process. By year’s end, the data form plight of the most vulnerable groups in the
    was finalized, forensic specialists identified Armenian penitentiary system, including

    217
    EUROPE AND THE AMERICAS ARMENIA

    those serving life sentences and foreigners. staff from the Ministry of Health, bene- A round-table on the Hague Convention
    The material and psychological conditions fited from a variety of specialized training on Cultural Property and its protocols and
    of female and juvenile detainees, particu- sessions and workshops supported by the status of its implementation in Armenia
    larly during pre-trial isolation, were also the ICRC. was organized jointly by the ICRC and the
    monitored as a priority. The ICRC pre- Armenian Association of International Law.
    sented the authorities with a report on the In line with WHO recommendations, the
    conditions of detainees sentenced to life ICRC encouraged the authorities also to
    imprisonment. take HIV/AIDS into account and stressed ARMED FORCES AND OTHER
    the importance of combating TB and BEARERS OF WEAPONS
    As part of its cooperation with other human- AIDS jointly.
    itarian actors, the ICRC welcomed the Working to promote IHL among the
    involvement of the Civil Society Monitoring 57 detainees integrated into the Armenian armed forces, the ICRC con-
    Group for Penitentiary Institutions in TB control programme, of which tinued to focus its efforts on instructing
    checking the conditions in pre-trial places 34 newly detected cases military specialists and integrating IHL
    of detention under the Ministry of Justice. 22 doctors and nurses from into military doctrine and training.
    the Ministry of Justice trained in
    2,939 people visited, including 16 newly TB diagnosis and treatment IHL was taught as an integral part of the
    registered and 76 monitored individually, 4,000 leaflets addressing the stigma of TB, curriculum at the Military Institute of
    during 50 visits to 16 places of detention produced by the ICRC and distributed the Ministry of Defence, where more than
    20 RCMs distributed to detainees and by the Armenian Red Cross Society 200 cadets attended 40 hours of IHL teach-
    35 RCMs collected during a public awareness campaign ing. IHL was also included in the pro-
    160 family visits organized for 62 people relating to World TB Day gramme of the advanced officers’ courses.
    either serving life sentences or detained
    for security reasons 12 heads of battalion from the
    WOUNDED AND SICK Armenian armed forces took part in
    TB control programme an IHL course organized jointly by
    TB remained a grave threat to the health To improve treatment of victims of mines the ICRC and the Ministry of Defence
    of detainees in Armenia. The ICRC contin- and explosive remnants of war, the ICRC 50 regimental commanders and
    ued to support the Ministry of Justice in sponsored the participation of three sur- 45 deputy commanders attended 2 IHL
    expanding the TB control programme to all geons from the Armenian Ministry of dissemination sessions conducted by
    detainees in the country, using the directly Defence, along with four from Azerbaijan the ICRC
    observed treatment, short course (DOTS) and three from Nagorny Karabakh, in its the chief of staff of the 3rd Army Corps
    method. The organization monitored the annual regional war-surgery seminars in participated in the 111th Military
    programme and advised the authorities on Sochi, Russia. Course in San Remo and 1 officer coach
    its implementation. and 4 cadets from the Military Institute
    participated in the General Skobelev
    New TB treatment units were opened in AUTHORITIES IHL competition co-organized by the
    three Criminal Executive Institutions with ICRC and the Russian armed forces
    the support of the ICRC. These units pro- In its efforts to promote the implemen- in Ryazan, Russian Federation
    vided TB services to some 200 pre-trial tation of relevant IHL treaties, the ICRC 4 officers took part in the 33rd and
    detainees, by conducting screenings on pursued its dialogue with the national 35th Senezh IHL courses co-organized
    entry and giving DOTS treatment to those authorities regarding Armenia’s accession by the ICRC and the Russian armed
    diagnosed with TB. to the Rome Statute. It also translated into forces in Solnechnogorsk, Russian
    Armenian and published a collection of Federation
    The ICRC supported the Ministry of Justice materials on the International Criminal 3,500 posters and 50,000 leaflets,
    in the rehabilitation and equipping of a TB Court. In addition, the ICRC monitored produced by the ICRC and containing
    microscopy laboratory. Infrastructure was progress towards Armenia’s accession to extracts from the IHL for Commanders
    created for the isolation and treatment of the Convention on Certain Conventional code of conduct manual were delivered to
    patients detected with TB, while toilet and Weapons and its protocols, the Ottawa the Ministry of Defence for distribution
    shower facilities were refurbished and Convention and the Second Protocol to the
    drainage and sewage systems rehabilitated. Hague Convention on Cultural Property.
    In addition, the organization supported the The National Assembly ratified the Optional CIVIL SOCIETY
    Ministry’s health-care services through the Protocol to the Convention on the Rights
    provision of supplementary drugs, medical of the Child. In a bid to target specific audiences in
    materials and personal protection articles. Armenia, the ICRC maintained regular
    With the support of the ICRC, two national contact with specialized media outlets. For
    In cooperation with WHO, the ICRC organ- studies were completed on the compati- example, all ICRC-issued information on
    ized regional training in TB surveillance, bility of Armenian law with international its IHL programme for university students
    monitoring and supervision, sponsoring treaties and norms governing the protec- was published in two education weeklies.
    the participation of doctors from the tion of cultural property in the event of The ICRC’s TB control programme in pris-
    Armenian Ministry of Justice, as well as armed conflict, on the one hand, and with ons was regularly highlighted in the
    from Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kyrgyzstan and IHL provisions related to missing persons, Ministry of Health’s weekly publication.
    Uzbekistan. Doctors and nurses from the on the other hand. ICRC representatives gave interviews to
    Ministry of Justice, along with laboratory Armenian TV news programmes, and the

    218
    ICRC ANNUAL REPORT 2005

    Ministry of Defence made a TV report on


    IHL teaching in the armed forces and the
    ICRC’s role in it.

    With educational reform well under way,


    the ICRC sought to include IHL in new
    secondary-school curricula. The secondary-
    school IHL programme marked its
    10th anniversary, and the ICRC seized the
    opportunity to present the Ministry of
    Education with a summary of its major
    achievements and an analysis of teachers’
    and pupils’ perceptions. The organization
    continued to reinforce national capacity
    to teach IHL and proposed that the author-
    ities assume ownership of the programme
    as of 2007. To this end, a methodological
    guide for trainers was designed and pro-
    duced, while teacher-training seminars
    intensified nationwide.

    The ICRC’s university programme focused


    on building local capacities in the field of
    IHL teaching. Moreover, some 2,000 vol-
    umes of ICRC/IHL-related publications
    in Armenian and Russian were distributed
    to universities and libraries. Further IHL
    promotion among future leaders and
    decision-makers took the shape of a first
    national IHL moot-court competition and
    a second national IHL essay competition
    for law students, both events co-organized
    by the ICRC and the Armenian Association
    of International Law.

    RED CROSS AND


    RED CRESCENT MOVEMENT

    The ICRC, in coordination with the


    International Federation, continued to
    provide support to the Armenian Red Cross
    Society, particularly for its tracing, dissem-
    ination and first-aid programmes.

    To ensure the proper registration and follow-


    up of tracing requests addressed to the
    National Society, the ICRC helped create
    and install a database. It also sponsored the
    participation of the head of the National
    Society’s tracing service in a specialized
    round-table in Moscow. Capacity-building
    efforts were enhanced through three trac-
    ing seminars and two dissemination semi-
    nars for National Society staff. A handbook
    containing dissemination guidelines was
    one of several National Society publications
    produced with ICRC support.

    219
    azerbaijan
    The maps in this report are for illustrative purposes only The ICRC has been working in Azerbaijan since
    and do not express an opinion on the part of the ICRC
    CASPIAN SEA
    1992 in relation to the Nagorny Karabakh con-
    RUSSIAN FEDERATION
    flict. It focuses on addressing the issue of miss-
    ing persons and the problems of detainees held
    in connection with the conflict, detained for
    GEORGIA BAKU security reasons or otherwise vulnerable, and
    Tovuz AZERBAIJAN monitors the situation of communities along
    Ijevan
    Ganja
    Barda
    the Line of Contact. It supports the authorities
    NAGORNY
    in bringing the spread of tuberculosis in pris-
    KARABAKH Agdam
    AR M EN I A ons under control and ensuring the provision
    Stepanakert/
    Lachin Khankendi
    YEREVAN of adequate physical rehabilitation services for
    NAKHICHEVAN the disabled. The ICRC promotes the national
    Nakhichevan
    implementation of IHL and its integration into
    TURKEY
    IRAN the training of the armed and security forces
    and into university and school curricula. It works
    Approx. line of contact 100 km
    to strengthen the capacities of the Red Crescent
    ICRC/AR_2005
    Society of Azerbaijan.
    ICRC delegation ICRC mission ICRC-supported prosthetic/orthotic centre

    EXPENDITURE (IN CHF ,000)


    Protection 1,525
    Assistance 1,719
    Prevention 1,220 CONTEXT
    Cooperation with National Societies 221
    General - Azerbaijan continued to tread a fine line Eleven years after a ceasefire was concluded
    between the conflicting geopolitical inter- in the Nagorny Karabakh conflict, encour-
    4,685 ests of Russia, the United States, Turkey, Iran aging developments seemed to take place
    of which: Overheads 286 and Europe. The country’s energy sector within the framework of the Prague Process.
    IMPLEMENTATION RATE remained in the international spotlight, The presidents of Armenia and Azerbaijan
    Expenditure/yearly budget 97.2% particularly with the opening of the Baku- held talks twice during the year, and the for-
    Tbilisi-Ceyhan pipeline. Azerbaijan signed eign ministers met numerous times. Accord-
    PERSONNEL
    9 expatriates
    an Individual Partnership Action Plan with ing to a statement by the 13th Ministerial
    56 national staff (daily workers not included) NATO and was included in the European Council of the Organization for Security
    Union’s European Neighbourhood Policy. and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE),
    KEY POINTS Military cooperation with the United States adopted in December 2005, talks on the
    intensified with the announcement that resolution of the conflict were poised to
    In 2005, the ICRC: two radar stations were to be established make the transition from negotiation to
    submitted a set of proposals to the authorities with US support in northern and southern decision. The OSCE Minsk Group, mediat-
    with a view to clarifying the fate of persons
    Azerbaijan. Although the Azerbaijani author- ing between the two sides, expressed hope
    missing in relation to the Nagorny Karabakh
    conflict and ultimately to providing answers ities repeatedly stated that these radar stations that a breakthrough might be achieved in
    to their families; conducted a name-by-name would not be used against any neighbouring 2006 leading to a lasting settlement.
    comparison of the ICRC’s list of missing countries, both Iran and Russia expressed
    persons with the authorities’ list in order their concerns. In parallel, Baku intensified At the same time, tensions were reported
    to reach a consolidated list; cooperation with Iran and Russia in the throughout the year along the international
    positioned itself as an actor in conflict- economic, military and energy spheres. border/Line of Contact, particularly in the
    affected areas of the country by establishing
    spring. The authorities of both Armenia
    a more permanent presence along the
    international border/Line of Contact and Domestically, the year was dominated by a and Azerbaijan continued to use militant
    by supporting the Red Crescent Society of sense of uncertainty linked to the November rhetoric for domestic consumption.
    Azerbaijan in the implementation of the parliamentary elections. According to inter-
    Safe Play Areas programme; national election monitors (from the Following a proposal by Azerbaijan for a
    pursued efforts to obtain access to Organization for Security and Co-operation new UN resolution entitled “Situation in
    6 Armenian POWs held in Azerbaijan and in Europe and the Council of Europe), the occupied territories”, an OSCE fact-
    visited one of them; visited 3 Azerbaijani
    POWs detained in Nagorny Karabakh in
    excluding ones from the Commonwealth of finding mission took place in January 2005
    connection with the conflict and participated Independent States, the elections did not to assess the issue of settlements. The
    in their repatriation; meet a number of international standards. mission found evidence of the presence of
    visited 34 places of detention to monitor The results were nevertheless accepted by settlers in the territories examined but
    conditions, including the functioning of the the major powers, which identified some – excepting Lachin – did not determine that
    health system, and maintained support to the improvements over previous elections. such settlements resulted from a deliberate
    TB control programme in prisons;
    policy by the Armenian authorities.
    supported IHL training for the armed forces,
    notably improving cooperation with the
    Ministry of Defence; held the second national
    IHL moot-court competition for law students
    as part of its efforts to promote IHL.

    220
    ICRC ANNUAL REPORT 2005

    MAIN FIGURES AND INDICATORS

    PEOPLE DEPRIVED OF THEIR FREEDOM (All categories/all statuses) CIVILIANS AND PEOPLE DEPRIVED OF THEIR FREEDOM
    Detainees visited 15,106 Water and habitat
    Detainees visited and monitored individually 177 Water-supply schemes and sanitation systems
    Number of visits carried out 101 (completed projects) Beneficiaries 600
    Number of places of detention visited 42 Habitat structures Beneficiaries 600
    RESTORING FAMILY LINKS WOUNDED AND SICK
    Red Cross messages (RCMs) and reunifications Physical rehabilitation
    RCMs collected 122 Patients receiving services Patients 9,280
    RCMs distributed 114 Prostheses delivered Pieces 1,248
    Tracing requests, including cases of missing persons Orthoses delivered Pieces 2,397
    People for whom a tracing request was newly registered 467
    Tracing requests closed positively (persons located) 9
    Tracing requests still being handled at 31 December 2005 3,478
    DOCUMENTS ISSUED
    People to whom travel documents were issued 64
    People to whom a detention attestation was issued 2

    ICRC ACTION Areas programme. These activities and a Difficulties were encountered in finding
    more regular presence along the interna- structures able to provide adequate psycho-
    The fate of people missing as a result of the tional border/Line of Contact helped logical support to the families of missing
    Nagorny Karabakh conflict continued to be the ICRC increase its knowledge of the persons. An ICRC survey of the needs of
    the major focus of the ICRC in Azerbaijan. humanitarian situation in conflict-affected families of the missing showed, however,
    To help resolve this issue, the ICRC pursued communities. that they considered their main problems
    efforts to foster a dialogue between all to be financial rather than psychological.
    parties concerned, reminding them of
    their obligations under IHL and present- CIVILIANS In Nagorny Karabakh, the ICRC encour-
    ing them with proposals on ways to advance aged the de facto authorities to establish a
    the process. Missing persons working group on missing persons in
    Thousands of families remained without order to implement its proposals. In addi-
    In addition to monitoring the general news of the fate or whereabouts of relatives tion, the organization supported the cre-
    conditions in places of detention, the ICRC missing as a result of the Nagorny Karabakh ation of a burial site for unidentified
    further mobilized national partners and conflict. The ICRC conducted a name-by- human remains. Six sets of human remains
    involved potential new donors and stake- name comparison of its list of missing per- were subsequently interred at the site,
    holders in its programme to tackle high sons with the authorities’ list and contacted with plastic sheeting and reference tags
    levels of tuberculosis (TB) among inmates. the families of those people who were not provided by the ICRC to allow for possible
    In all places of detention visited, while con- on its own list in order to reach a consoli- later identification.
    tinuing to keep a close eye on vulnerable dated list. By the end of the year, the ICRC’s
    groups, including those serving life sen- list of missing persons from Armenia, Family links
    tences, foreigners, women and juveniles, Azerbaijan and Nagorny Karabakh con- The ICRC issued travel documents to
    the ICRC shifted its attention to address- tained 3,478 names. 64 people, mainly Afghan refugees, who had
    ing structural problems, particularly in the been accepted for resettlement in a third
    field of detainee health care. 467 new tracing requests registered country or were returning to Afghanistan.
    In Nagorny Karabakh, it helped two people
    The ICRC continued to provide support The ICRC presented all parties with a to obtain such documents.
    to certain health services, notably in the memorandum outlining proposals for
    sphere of physical rehabilitation. addressing the issue of the missing in a Given the disruption of postal and telephone
    comprehensive fashion. The Azerbaijani services between Armenia, Azerbaijan and
    As planned, support to the authorities in authorities formally approved most of the Nagorny Karabakh, the RCM network was
    the implementation of IHL, as well as the proposals and, consequently, the ICRC the only way for some people to maintain
    promotion of IHL among the armed and initiated discussions with them on imple- contact with family members from whom
    security forces, secondary-school pupils and mentation, focusing on ante-mortem data they had become separated as a result of
    university students, remained a priority for collection and psychological support for conflict.
    the ICRC. Particular progress was noted in families. The authorities agreed that
    terms of improved cooperation with the volunteers of the Red Crescent Society of 4 RCMs collected in Azerbaijan
    Ministry of Defence in the integration of Azerbaijan would carry out the ante- 82 RCMs collected and 84 distributed
    IHL into military doctrine and training. mortem data collection, with technical sup- in Nagorny Karabakh
    port from the ICRC, while the authorities
    The ICRC strengthened its collaboration would be responsible for managing the
    with the Azerbaijani Red Crescent through information collected.
    the operational partnership in the Safe Play

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    EUROPE AND THE AMERICAS AZERBAIJAN

    Conflict-affected communities 15 RCMs collected from and diagnosed with TB had been treated. The
    The ICRC undertook eight field missions 11 distributed to detainees in Azerbaijan minister of justice and the minister of
    to front-line areas. These missions enabled 21 RCMs collected from and health participated in the event, and a study
    it to gain a better understanding of the situ- 19 distributed to detainees in Nagorny tour was organized to the prison TB hospi-
    ation faced by populations living there and Karabakh tal for representatives of the government,
    to prepare for the reopening of an office. diplomatic community and international
    TB control programme agencies to solicit continued commitment
    The ICRC also resumed its involvement in The prevalence of TB and high rates of to the programme.
    mine action, working in close cooperation multi-drug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) among
    with the Azerbaijan National Agency for detainees remained a serious problem in In line with WHO recommendations, the
    Mine Action and the Azerbaijan Campaign Azerbaijan. The ICRC maintained its ICRC encouraged the authorities also to
    to Ban Landmines. As part of the Safe Play firm commitment to building the capaci- take HIV/AIDS into account and stressed
    Areas programme, the ICRC provided ties of the relevant authorities to imple- the importance of combating TB and
    operational support to the Red Crescent ment the directly observed treatment, short AIDS jointly.
    Society of Azerbaijan in the construction course (DOTS) regime, including the labo-
    of mine-free playgrounds for children in ratory requirements for this programme. 5,816 detainees screened for TB, with
    15 villages. Azerbaijan’s application to the Global Fund 81 integrated into treatment
    to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria for 6,677 detainees screened for TB in
    In Nagorny Karabakh, the ICRC conducted funding for a five-year TB programme, 3 pre-trial isolators and 1 high-security
    three distributions of essential household including a pilot project in prisons to treat prison, with 99 TB cases detected
    items (soap, washing powder and school 100 MDR-TB cases, was approved. 769 detainees integrated into DOTS
    kits) and food parcels to some 400 vulner- treatment
    able people (300 pensioners, 40 disabled The ICRC donated a mobile mass minia- 751 detainees completed TB treatment
    persons, 60 members of families of miss- ture radiographic unit to the Ministry of 14 doctors, nurses and laboratory
    ing persons). Justice, allowing more than a third of the technicians from the Ministry of Justice
    total prison population of Azerbaijan trained in TB diagnosis, treatment and
    (5,816 detainees/prisoners) to be screened epidemiology
    PEOPLE DEPRIVED for TB.
    OF THEIR FREEDOM
    In terms of structural improvements, seven WOUNDED AND SICK
    The ICRC continued to visit people held in projects to rehabilitate specialized units,
    connection with the conflict in Nagorny such as X-ray facilities, and to refurbish Physical rehabilitation
    Karabakh and to monitor the conditions of nurses’ and visitors’ rooms were carried out The ICRC sought to ensure that amputees
    detention and treatment of detainees. It with ICRC support. and other disabled people had access to
    regularly visited three Azerbaijani soldiers good-quality rehabilitation services. The
    detained by the de facto authorities of Furthermore, in an effort to ensure that organization maintained its support to the
    Nagorny Karabakh and later participated in released detainees were registered for Ahmedly Orthopaedic Centre in Baku, as
    their repatriation. treatment in civilian TB facilities, the ICRC well as the two physical rehabilitation
    visited the Baku and Sumgait TB dispen- centres in Ganja and Nakhichevan. It also
    The ICRC pursued its dialogue with the saries in order to identify potential obsta- encouraged Red Crescent branches to assist
    Azerbaijani authorities to obtain unre- cles. Thus, of the 154 detainees released while in raising awareness of the physical reha-
    stricted access to people detained in relation under TB treatment in 2005, 91 of them bilitation services available.
    to the conflict. Of the six Armenian POWs were registered in civilian TB dispensaries.
    held by the Ministry of Defence during the A pilot project was developed to involve six At a joint evaluation and planning seminar,
    year, the ICRC obtained access to one and Red Crescent Society of Azerbaijan nurses the ICRC and the Ministry of Labour and
    helped him to remain in contact with his in follow-up of and support to released Social Protection analysed the previously
    family. The organization also helped two detainees. agreed plan of action on physical rehabili-
    Armenian civilians who had crossed the tation and discussed ways of moving the
    international border to return home. In cooperation with WHO, the ICRC organ- programme forward. The ICRC also
    ized regional training in TB surveillance, financed an external evaluation of physical
    In Nagorny Karabakh, the ICRC provided monitoring and supervision, sponsoring rehabilitation services in Azerbaijan.
    particularly vulnerable detainees with food the participation of doctors from the
    items and clothing. Financial assistance Azerbaijani Ministry of Justice, as well as In addition, the ICRC provided crutches
    was given to 10 families to facilitate visits from Armenia, Georgia, Kyrgyzstan and to 18 Chechen amputees and a wheelchair
    to their detained relatives. Uzbekistan. Doctors, nurses and labora- to a disabled Chechen woman, before the
    tory technicians from the Ministry of Justice authorities decided to allow access for
    in Azerbaijan, 13,991 detainees visited benefited from a variety of specialized refugees to free-of-charge physical rehabil-
    (including 50 detainees newly registered training sessions and workshops supported itation services in the Baku centre. In order
    and 168 monitored individually) during by the ICRC. to ensure access and quality of services, the
    73 visits to 34 places of detention ICRC accompanied 10 Chechen patients
    in Nagorny Karabakh, 1,115 detainees In December, the Ministry of Justice and to the centre.
    visited (including 8 detainees newly the ICRC marked 10 years of collaboration
    registered and 9 monitored individually) in bringing TB under control in prisons 3 physical rehabilitation centres
    during 28 visits to 8 places of detention of Azerbaijan, whereby 7,063 inmates supported

    222
    ICRC ANNUAL REPORT 2005

    9,280 patients, including 5,383 amputees, AUTHORITIES a retired officer from the Ministry of
    received services at 3 ICRC-supported Defence hired to facilitate understanding
    physical rehabilitation centres The ICRC maintained contact with the of IHL training and the teaching needs
    203 new patients fitted with prostheses Azerbaijani authorities regarding the incor- of the armed forces
    and 450 with orthoses poration of IHL provisions into national basic information on IHL published
    1,248 prostheses (125 for mine victims), legislation. In particular, discussions were in the official newspaper of the Ministry
    2,397 orthoses, 4,058 crutches and held with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Defence, and 1,200 copies of the
    sticks and 210 wheelchairs delivered on government plans to establish an inter- 1949 Geneva Conventions and the
    to patients ministerial committee for the implemen- 1977 Additional Protocols distributed
    8 technical monitoring missions tation of IHL. 14 officers from the internal troops,
    carried out (3 in Baku, 3 in Ganja including commanders and chiefs of
    and 2 in Nakhichevan) The ICRC commissioned a national study staff of regiments and line battalions,
    2 seminars on prosthesis production on the compatibility of Azerbaijani legisla- participated in a three-day IHL course
    held (1 in Baku and 1 in Ganja), tion with the requirements under IHL for 14 police officers from the operational,
    attended by 9 technicians the protection of cultural property. A legal and education departments of
    a one-month course in scoliosis proposal was made to set up a working the Ministry of Internal Affairs took
    treatment (physiotherapy and corset group within the State Commission for the part in a five-day course on IHL and
    production) organized Protection of Cultural Property. Another international human rights law
    study on the compatibility of existing leg- 2 officers from the internal troops and
    To improve the care of victims of mines and islation with the provisions of IHL on 2 teachers from the Police Academy
    explosive remnants of war, the ICRC spon- missing persons, also commissioned by participated in a course on IHL
    sored the participation of four surgeons the ICRC, was completed. and international human rights law
    from the Azerbaijani Ministries of Defence in Moscow
    and Health and three from Nagorny A one-day workshop on the ICRC’s man- in Nagorny Karabakh, 13 arms bearers
    Karabakh, as well as three from Armenia, in date and IHL was conducted for employees responsible for combat training attended
    its annual regional war-surgery seminars of the Office of the Commissioner for a five-day IHL course
    in Sochi, Russia. Human Rights of Azerbaijan. Also, two State
    officials participated in an IHL round-table
    Support to primary-health-care in Moscow. CIVIL SOCIETY
    facilities in Nagorny Karabakh
    In Nagorny Karabakh, the ICRC concen- The ICRC maintained regular contact with
    trated on distributing drugs and renewable ARMED FORCES AND OTHER the media in Azerbaijan in order to ensure
    medical items to rural health centres. Drug- BEARERS OF WEAPONS coverage of issues of importance to the
    management procedures were monitored organization. It issued and distributed quar-
    during distributions, and feedback was The Azerbaijani minister of defence met the terly newsletters and regular press releases
    given on the reporting procedures. ICRC to express his ministry’s wish to on its activities. An exhibition on IHL was
    increase cooperation. The ICRC thus pro- mounted for World Red Cross and Red
    65 health-care facilities in Nagorny vided the authorities with a model minis- Crescent Day on 8 May, and a film on the
    Karabakh supported terial order on IHL integration. It also met history of the Movement, Story of an idea,
    basic medical materials donated to the assistant to the president on military was dubbed into Azerbaijani and shown
    the Stepanakert/Khankendi Spinal and security issues and ministerial legal during the event. A documentary film on
    Rehabilitation Centre, an old people’s experts to discuss IHL integration within the TB control programme in prisons was
    home, a hospital, a pre-trial detention the armed forces. produced in Azerbaijani and shown at the
    facility and a prison event marking the 10th anniversary of
    anti-helminthic medication provided 31 officers from the combat training, ICRC-Ministry of Justice collaboration.
    for a campaign to combat the prevalence operational, legal and education
    of intestinal parasites in schoolchildren departments of the armed forces Ten years after the launch of the ICRC’s
    training material provided for first- of Azerbaijan took part in 2 five-day secondary-school IHL programme, pupils
    aid training sessions for firefighters, IHL courses throughout Azerbaijan continued to
    emergency health workers, education some 350 officers, cadets and teachers learn about humanitarian principles via
    staff and volunteers from the general from the Higher Naval School attended literature-based course books on IHL
    public (48 participants in 4 courses) a presentation on IHL and ICRC themes. Four hours’ worth of IHL topics
    activities were included in the obligatory curriculum.
    2 officers from the Ministry of Defence The ICRC continued to reinforce national
    participated in an IHL course in capacity to teach IHL through a series of
    San Remo tailor-made courses.
    2 officers from the Ministry of Defence
    participated in Senezh IHL training In Nagorny Karabakh, the ICRC held an
    in Moscow IHL course for 14 education officials and
    a cadet team from the Azerbaijan conducted 11 teacher-training seminars.
    Higher Military School took part
    in the Yaroslav Mudriy IHL competition IHL was included in the curricula of six
    in Odessa, Russian Federation third-level institutions, as well as in the State
    educational standards for international law

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    EUROPE AND THE AMERICAS AZERBAIJAN

    faculties in Azerbaijan. The ICRC delivered RED CROSS AND


    presentations on IHL and ICRC activities RED CRESCENT MOVEMENT
    to law students of two Baku universities
    and one university in Nakhichevan. Besides The ICRC continued to support the Red
    sponsoring the participation of university Crescent Society of Azerbaijan in its tracing
    students and teachers in events such as an and dissemination activities.
    IHL round-table and summer school in
    Moscow and the Martens Readings scien- As part of its mine action activities, the ICRC
    tific conference in St. Petersburg, the ICRC focused on enhancing its long-term part-
    held a second national IHL moot-court nership with the National Society and, in
    competition for students of law and inter- particular, implementing the Safe Play Areas
    national relations. programme, resulting in the construction
    of 15 secure children’s playgrounds in
    In Nagorny Karabakh, the main university- villages along the Line of Contact.
    level institution continued to teach 24 hours
    of IHL to third-year law students and hosted
    two IHL dissemination sessions given by
    the ICRC. The ICRC also maintained con-
    tact with two private universities, each of
    which conducted IHL courses.

    224
    bosnia and
    herzegovina
    CROATIA The ICRC has been present in Bosnia and
    VOJVODINA
    Herzegovina since 1992, opening a delegation in
    Sarajevo in 1995. The organization strives to
    Bihac
    Banja Luka
    Brcko clarify the fate of missing persons and to address
    Bijeljina
    the needs of their families. It advocates a com-
    Tuzla
    prehensive approach to the issue and supports
    B O SN I A and
    Zenica SERBIA
    related initiatives in line with the outcome of the
    Srebrenica ICRC’s 2003 International Conference on the
    H ER ZEG OVI N A
    SARAJEVO Pale Missing. It also contributes to strengthening the
    Gorazde SERBIA
    and National Society to enable it to respond to imme-
    Mostar MONTENEGRO diate needs and to assume longer-term responsi-
    bilities in society. The ICRC works with the
    MONTENEGRO
    authorities and civil society to promote IHL.
    Trebinje

    ADRIATIC SEA
    ALBANIA
    50 km
    ICRC/AR.2005

    ICRC delegation ICRC sub-delegation Inter-entity boundary line

    EXPENDITURE (IN CHF ,000)


    Protection 1,304
    Assistance 449
    Prevention 1,489 CONTEXT
    Cooperation with National Societies 1,504
    General - A decade after the signing of the Dayton To cooperate with the International Criminal
    Peace Agreement, Bosnia and Herzegovina Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY),
    4,747 made some progress towards stability. The the Republika Srpska developed a policy of
    of which: Overheads 290 international community, led by the UN encouraging voluntary surrenders and,
    IMPLEMENTATION RATE Office of the High Representative, main- consequently, 15 war-crime suspects were
    Expenditure/yearly budget 81.0% tained pressure on the political authorities transferred to The Hague. The interna-
    in Bosnia and Herzegovina to meet the tional community welcomed these steps
    PERSONNEL
    3 expatriates
    conditions for accession to the European but insisted that all remaining indicted
    64 national staff (daily workers not included) Union (EU). war-crime suspects still at large be rapidly
    apprehended and brought to justice, in
    KEY POINTS Despite tense political negotiations between particular Radovan Karadzić and Ratko
    the leaders of the three main ethnic groups, Mladić, before Bosnia and Herzegovina
    In 2005, the ICRC: major reforms advocated by the interna- could be considered for membership of
    provided legal and technical assistance tional community were approved. The NATO’s Partnership for Peace.
    to the authorities in charge of creating
    defence reform package included full
    official central records on the missing, of
    implementing the Law on Missing Persons State-level competence, with the elimina- The War Crimes Chamber within the
    and of establishing the Missing Persons tion of the entity Ministries of Defence, Bosnia and Herzegovina State Court was
    Institute; chaired the 18th session of the the abolition of general conscription and inaugurated in March to prosecute war-
    Working Group on Persons Unaccounted For the creation of a single defence budget. An crime suspects. A registry similar to the
    and promoted the use of ante-mortem data; agreement on police reform was adopted ICTY’s was set up to coordinate inter-
    obtained access to war-crime suspects held by a clear majority in the Republika Srpska national support.
    under the jurisdictions of the State Court
    National Assembly and subsequently the
    and the Ministries of Justice at entity level
    and visited people detained by NATO; House of Peoples of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The 10th anniversary of the fall of the town
    continued to support the National Society in of Srebrenica, a difficult and painful mile-
    clarifying and consolidating its management These encouraging developments enabled stone on the road to reconciliation, was
    and governance roles, through the revision the European Commission to recommend commemorated serenely in July. On the eve
    of its statutes and the strengthening of its negotiations with Bosnia and Herzegovina on of the event, Serbian President Boris Tadić
    capacities in restoring family links, mine-risk a Stabilization and Association Agreement, offered his apologies to the families of
    education and promotion of IHL;
    participated in IHL training sessions for
    which were initiated on 25 November. The those killed and missing and attended the
    legal professionals at the State War Crimes talks were expected to last at least one year, commemoration and funeral ceremony for
    Chamber and entities’ courts; and the EU made it clear that progress would 600 identified victims.
    developed teacher-training in the Exploring depend on the commitment and political
    Humanitarian Law programme in the Brčko will of the authorities of Bosnia and
    District, the Republika Srpska and the Herzegovina at all levels to ensure effective
    Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, and
    implementation of the requisite reforms.
    promoted integration of the programme
    into the secondary-school curriculum.

    225
    EUROPE AND THE AMERICAS BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA

    MAIN FIGURES AND INDICATORS

    PEOPLE DEPRIVED OF THEIR FREEDOM (All categories/all statuses)


    Detainees visited 29
    Detainees visited and monitored individually 29
    Number of visits carried out 5
    Number of places of detention visited 5
    RESTORING FAMILY LINKS
    Tracing requests, including cases of missing persons
    People for whom a tracing request was newly registered 112
    Tracing requests closed positively (persons located) 1,297
    Tracing requests still being handled at 31 December 2005 15,266

    ICRC ACTION efforts to complete its restructuring and 112 new cases of persons sought
    to undertake capacity building in tracing, by their families registered (of which
    The issue of missing persons remained first aid and dissemination. Significant 22 cases of women and 4 of minors
    the most tragic legacy of the conflict in efforts were invested in assisting the at the time of disappearance)
    Bosnia and Herzegovina. The ICRC worked National Society in refocusing its mine- 1,297 cases resolved, of which 39 people
    closely with the relevant authorities and risk-education programme and in inte- were located alive and 1,258 exhumed
    organizations, such as the International grating its mine-action activities into the bodies were identified and handed over
    Commission on Missing Persons (ICMP), overall programme of the Bosnia and to their families
    to accelerate the tracing process. In Herzegovina Mine Action Centre. 15,266 cases of missing persons still
    November, the ICRC convened and chaired being handled (of which 1,480 cases
    the 18th session of the Working Group The ICRC continued to cooperate with the of women and 816 of minors at the
    on Persons Unaccounted For. The ICRC armed forces of both entities on issues per- time of disappearance)
    expressed its concern that the fate of taining to IHL and missing persons. Given 15,275 names of missing persons
    15,266 missing persons remained unre- the ongoing defence reform, the ICRC published on a dedicated ICRC website
    solved and proposed that efforts to relieve contacted the State Ministry of Defence to
    the suffering of the families of missing per- initiate the process of integrating IHL into The Working Group on Persons
    sons be strengthened. The authorities took the doctrine, education and training of the Unaccounted For met at intervals, with a
    a major step forward by officially launching armed forces countrywide. full session convened in November. Chaired
    the Missing Persons Institute at State level by the ICRC, the session was attended by
    in August. The ICRC’s Exploring Humanitarian Law State and entity officials, as well as family
    programme followed its course in the representatives, delegations from Croatia
    The ICRC organized and chaired the Brčko District and the two entities. The and Serbia and Montenegro, and high-
    second meeting of the Working Group’s ICRC concentrated on training teachers in level national and international observers.
    Regional Sub-Committee, composed of using the programme and on fostering its The ICRC reminded the authorities of the
    representatives of Bosnia and Herzegovina, formal integration into the secondary- urgency of transmitting to the Working
    Croatia and Serbia and Montenegro, and school curriculum. Group all relevant information on the
    obtained the renewed commitment of the missing. It also recalled its intention to
    States in the region to developing coordi- In October 2005, the ICRC reduced its set- gradually transfer the responsibilities of the
    nation and improving inter-State infor- up in Bosnia and Herzegovina by closing its Working Group to the Missing Persons
    mation transmission, the cross-border Mostar sub-delegation. Institute, provided the institute was effec-
    exhumation process and the repatriation tive in its work and responsive to the needs
    of human remains. of the families.
    CIVILIANS
    The domestic prosecution of war-crime The ICRC continued to update and publish
    suspects was set in motion following the Thousands of persons who had disappeared on its website the list of persons reported
    creation of a War Crimes Chamber within during the conflict, and whose relatives had missing. It also promoted and distributed
    the State Court of Bosnia and Herzegovina. approached the ICRC for assistance in the sixth edition of its Book of Missing
    Before the year’s end, the first two indictees locating them, remained unaccounted for. Persons on the Territory of Bosnia and
    were transferred from the ICTY to Bosnia The ICRC worked to relieve this uncer- Herzegovina. The Federal Commission, the
    and Herzegovina to be tried before the tainty, not only to allow the families of the Tracing Officer of the Republika Srpska and
    Chamber. The ICRC therefore initiated missing to come to terms with their cir- the State Intelligence and Security Agency
    contacts with the State and entity judicial cumstances, but also to pave the way for provided regular updates on exhuma-
    authorities and was given access to detainees reconciliation and durable peace. tions and identifications.
    held on war-crime charges.
    Since 1996, the ICRC had collected
    The ICRC continued to provide technical 21,487 tracing requests, of which 6,855 had
    and financial support to the Red Cross been resolved, mostly through the exhuma-
    Society of Bosnia and Herzegovina in its tion and identification process.

    226
    ICRC ANNUAL REPORT 2005

    The ICRC participated actively in the ICMP- PEOPLE DEPRIVED levels in the drafting of bylaws required for
    chaired expert group for the establishment OF THEIR FREEDOM full implementation of the Law on Missing
    of a national central database on missing Persons, and a leaflet was produced with
    persons, focusing principally on the issue of A constructive dialogue with the authori- the Ministry of Human Rights and Refugees
    data protection and the final transfer of the ties of Bosnia and Herzegovina resulted in to promote public awareness of the new
    ante-mortem database, currently managed the ICRC gaining access to detainees legislation.
    by the ICRC, to the Missing Persons sentenced or held on war-crime charges
    Institute. in places of detention under the juris- The agreement establishing the Missing
    dictions of the State Court and both entity Persons Institute, signed by the Council of
    A total of 635 ante-mortem questionnaires Ministries of Justice. Ministers and the International Commission
    were collected by the Red Cross Society of on Missing Persons in August, was ratified
    Bosnia and Herzegovina and 16 other Subsequently, an ICRC team visited by both Houses of Parliament in December.
    National Societies in 2005. By 31 December, detainees sentenced for war crimes, includ-
    the ante-mortem database contained ing detainees who were on hunger strike, The ICRC delivered presentations on key
    15,247 identities, of which 7,076 related to in places of detention under the juris- IHL concepts and its standard visiting pro-
    the fall of Srebrenica and 8,171 were linked diction of the Federation of Bosnia and cedures in training sessions organized for a
    to other events. Herzegovina. The team included a doctor total of 61 judges, prosecutors and other
    to assess the access to proper medical care court officials of the War Crimes Chamber.
    The ICRC organized meetings with the of the detainees on hunger strike. In
    Family Coordination Group, created in December, the ICRC carried out its first
    November 2004, with a view to ensuring visit to the newly built detention unit of the ARMED FORCES AND OTHER
    that the interests of the families of missing State Court, during which detainees were BEARERS OF WEAPONS
    persons were represented in various forums, visited and registered, one of whom had
    including the Working Group, as well as in been transferred from The Hague. The adoption of the Law on Defence, which
    the Missing Persons Institute. Furthermore, provided for the transfer of authority over
    the ICRC participated actively in meetings Following the transfer of the mandate of defence from the entity to the State level,
    with representatives of the associations of the Stabilization Force (SFOR) to the EU and of the Law on Service in the Armed
    families of missing persons and assisted Force (EUFOR) and NATO headquarters, Forces, which set the basis for the creation
    the associations through financial and the ICRC was advised that indicted war- of a single professional military force, sig-
    technical support. The organization con- crime suspects and members of their sup- nalled the last phase of the defence reform.
    tinued to cover the transport costs of fami- port network would be held exclusively by
    lies of the missing to visit mass grave or NATO headquarters. In line with the above, While continuing to monitor defence
    exhumation sites. the ICRC received an immediate notifica- reform, the ICRC pursued cooperation
    tion and was granted access to three persons with the armed forces at entity level and
    The five consultants contracted by the held by NATO. met the State-level Minister of Defence for
    ICRC provided psychological support to discussions on future IHL training for the
    158 relatives of missing persons through The ICRC facilitated one family visit and armed forces.
    nine projects. Four additional projects were provided transport for seven family members
    approved for 56 family members, to be to visit relatives serving prison sentences for The ICRC maintained an open dialogue
    completed in the first half of 2006. war crimes in Croatia. with EUFOR and NATO on IHL, defence
    reform, missing persons and detention-
    The ICRC supported the organization for 29 detainees monitored individually related activities. It also participated in
    the first time of a three-day psychological (26 newly registered) during 5 visits EUFOR’s quarterly legal conferences to
    workshop for 14 members of expert teams to 5 detention facilities familiarize the force with the organization’s
    working on exhumations undertaken by mandate, working methods and activities.
    the Tuzla office of the Federal Commission
    on Missing Persons. The workshop aimed AUTHORITIES During the year, the ICRC:
    to assist the experts, who had been involved
    in exhumation and identification processes The ICRC maintained regular contact with held an IHL workshop with both entity
    for the past nine years, to cope with stress the authorities and representatives of the teams and trained 13 military instructors;
    caused by the difficult nature of their work international community to raise their conducted IHL courses for members
    and to alleviate burn-out symptoms. awareness of the organization’s humanitar- of the armed forces of Bosnia and
    ian concerns and to obtain their support Herzegovina and countries involved
    Moreover, the ICRC supported an educa- for its activities, notably for IHL and efforts in NATO’s Partnership for Peace
    tional seminar for 200 student teachers on to resolve the missing persons issue. programme;
    the psychological consequences of the sponsored the participation of 2 officers
    conflict, with the aim of assisting future As planned, the State authorities were of the State armed forces in an IHL
    teachers in identifying the psychological encouraged to implement IHL, accede to course in San Remo.
    problems of children of missing persons. new IHL treaties and establish a national
    IHL committee. National legal experts
    began updating a study on the compati-
    bility of domestic law with IHL. The ICRC
    provided technical and legal expertise to
    the authorities at both State and entity

    227
    EUROPE AND THE AMERICAS BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA

    CIVIL SOCIETY RED CROSS AND


    RED CRESCENT MOVEMENT
    Copious media coverage of the 10th
    anniversaries of the fall of Srebrenica and The ICRC continued to support the Red
    the Dayton Peace Agreement provided a Cross Society of Bosnia and Herzegovina in
    valuable avenue for the ICRC to foster resolving a number of institutional matters,
    understanding of its involvement in the including reinforcement of its structures
    missing persons issue, the promotion of and management. Both the ICRC and the
    IHL and its support for the National International Federation facilitated discus-
    Society. sions throughout the National Society to
    finalize revision of its statutes. A five-year
    Following an agreement with all 10 cantonal development plan was completed.
    ministries and the Ministry of Education of
    the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, The National Society’s tracing service con-
    training in the Exploring Humanitarian tinued to benefit from investment. Field
    Law (EHL) programme was completed branches received basic equipment. Unified
    for 28 teachers from 22 schools. The pro- tracing service guidelines were produced
    gramme was also expanded to Mostar, and distributed.
    where 27 teachers were trained.
    The ICRC continued to support the inte-
    The pilot EHL programme in secondary gration of National Society mine-action
    schools in the Brčko District entered its activities into the national strategy defined
    third year. Lessons were attended by by the Bosnia and Herzegovina Mine Action
    4,260 students there, and the ICRC awarded Centre. Memoranda of understanding were
    145 certificates to teachers trained since the signed with a view to formalizing the rela-
    programme’s inception. tionships, roles and responsibilities of the
    different actors in mine-risk education and
    In the Republika Srpska, the ICRC and the data collection.
    Pedagogical Institute completed EHL
    training for 40 new teachers. Altogether, the The ICRC provided financial support for
    80 teachers trained so far were implement- two entity National Society IHL dissemi-
    ing the programme in 40 secondary schools nation coordinators, as well as two health
    for approximately 2,400 students. coordinators.

    The ICRC continued to work with key The ICRC and the International Federation
    professors and academic institutions to continued to coordinate their support for
    promote the ICRC as a major reference on the network of 22 emergency-response units
    IHL. The ICRC held three IHL dissemi- within the National Society’s disaster and
    nation sessions for students of the law conflict preparedness programme. The ICRC
    faculties of the Universities of Sarajevo and concentrated on provision of first-aid kits
    both Mostar law faculties (Croat and and training to strengthen the National
    Bosniak). Students and professors from Society’s operational capacity.
    two law faculties participated in the
    regional IHL moot-court competition held
    in the FYR Macedonia.

    some 100 teachers throughout the


    country trained in the EHL programme
    4,260 pupils attended EHL lessons in
    the Brčko District, taught by 145 ICRC-
    trained teachers
    2,400 pupils attended EHL lessons
    in the Republika Srpska, taught by
    80 ICRC-trained teachers

    228
    georgia
    The ICRC has been present in Georgia since 1992.
    It visits detainees throughout Georgia, including
    RUSSIAN FEDERATION Abkhazia and South Ossetia, and supports the
    authorities in bringing tuberculosis in prisons
    under control. It contributes to efforts to pro-
    vide answers to families of missing persons and
    ORI
    ABKHAZIA K O DL E Y protects and assists displaced people and other
    VA L SOUTH OSSETIA

    LLE I
    VA N K I S
    Gagra Tkvarcheli

    Y
    Sukhumi Gali Tskhinvali vulnerable groups in conflict-affected regions.

    PA
    Zugdidi
    Ochamchira Kutaisi
    Poti TBILISI The ICRC also promotes the integration of
    GEORGIA
    AJARA AZERBAIJAN
    IHL into the training of the armed and security
    Batumi
    BLACK SEA
    forces and into university and school curricula.
    ARMENIA In cooperation with Movement partners, the
    ICRC helps to strengthen the capacities of the
    TURKEY
    NAKHICHEVAN National Society.

    Security zone IRAN


    100 km
    ICRC/AR.2005

    ICRC delegation ICRC sub-delegation ICRC mission ICRC office


    ICRC-supported prosthetic/orthotic centre

    EXPENDITURE (IN CHF ,000)


    Protection 1,370
    Assistance 12,419
    Prevention 1,280 CONTEXT
    Cooperation with National Societies 274
    General 3 Georgia continued to receive extensive inter- Following the rerun of the Abkhaz presi-
    national support for the process of eco- dential election, won by Sergei Bagapsh,
    15,346 nomic and social reform. The government both Georgia and Abkhazia confirmed their
    of which: Overheads 937 was able to raise the State budget on three willingness to resume peace negotiations.
    IMPLEMENTATION RATE occasions, thanks to the increased income The parties met in Geneva and Tbilisi
    Expenditure/yearly budget 102.4% from customs, taxes and privatization. under the auspices of the UN, and steps
    Meanwhile, with rising prices and high were taken to finalize a draft agreement on
    PERSONNEL
    25 expatriates
    unemployment, much of the population the non-resumption of hostilities. However,
    335 national staff (daily workers not included) still had difficulty making ends meet. the agreement had yet to be signed by the
    end of the year. Likewise, the official return
    KEY POINTS Following the sudden death of Prime of Georgian IDPs to the Gali district had
    Minister Zurab Zhvania, repeated reshuffles still not taken place. The security situation
    In 2005, the ICRC: in the executive at central and regional in this district deteriorated steadily, espe-
    established a permanent presence in South levels hampered the implementation of cially at the end of the year, while the
    Ossetia following renewed tensions between
    ambitious reform plans. Kodori Valley and other parts of the cease-
    the breakaway region and Georgia;
    visited 19 places of detention (including fire zone between Abkhazia and Georgia
    2 in Abkhazia and 2 in South Ossetia) Georgia pursued its efforts to integrate were relatively calm.
    to monitor the conditions, including the Euro-Atlantic structures, working to imple-
    functioning of the health system, and ment an Individual Partnership Action Plan In the conflict between Georgia and South
    maintained its support for the TB control with NATO and to establish a European Ossetia, there was little progress in imple-
    programme in prisons; Neighbourhood Policy action plan with menting the agreement signed in Sochi in
    offered technical support to the authorities
    the European Union. Georgia and Russia November 2004. Tensions remained high,
    with a view to clarifying the fate of persons
    missing in relation to the Abkhazia and finally reached agreement on the closure of and several violent incidents undermined
    South Ossetia conflicts; Russian military bases and the withdrawal prospects for confidence-building. During
    distributed food and essential household of troops from Georgia by 2008, which actu- the year, both sides presented similar peace
    items, as well as grants (agricultural, trade ally began in the second half of the year. proposals, calling for a three-stage peace
    and craft), to some 51,600 vulnerable people The two countries had tense exchanges process involving demilitarization, socio-
    in Abkhazia and western Georgia and over Russia’s presence and role in Georgia’s economic rehabilitation and the definition
    rehabilitated 28 collective centres housing
    IDPs (including 3 in the Georgia-South
    conflicts with the breakaway regions of of the breakaway region’s political status.
    Ossetia conflict zone); Abkhazia and South Ossetia. Although negotiations continued, there were
    supported 3 hospitals in Abkhazia and no tangible results. The economy in South
    2 physical rehabilitation centres Ossetia was weakened by restrictions on
    (1 in Tbilisi and 1 in Abkhazia); trade between the conflict zone and nearby
    supported IHL training for the armed forces; regions.
    held a national moot-court competition and
    a national essay competition for law students
    as part of its efforts to promote IHL.

    229
    EUROPE AND THE AMERICAS GEORGIA

    MAIN FIGURES AND INDICATORS

    PEOPLE DEPRIVED OF THEIR FREEDOM (All categories/all statuses) CIVILIANS AND PEOPLE DEPRIVED OF THEIR FREEDOM
    Detainees visited 8,165 Economic security, water and habitat
    Detainees visited and monitored individually 22 Food Beneficiaries 51,697
    Number of visits carried out 68 Essential household items Beneficiaries 51,606
    Number of places of detention visited 19 Agricultural inputs and micro-economic initiatives Beneficiaries 16,987
    RESTORING FAMILY LINKS Water-supply schemes and sanitation systems
    Red Cross messages (RCMs) and reunifications (completed projects) Beneficiaries 5,974
    RCMs collected 3,006 Habitat structures Beneficiaries 350
    RCMs distributed 3,203 WOUNDED AND SICK
    People reunited with their families 6 Hospitals supported Structures 3
    Tracing requests, including cases of missing persons Admissions Patients 58
    People for whom a tracing request was newly registered 34 Operations Operations performed 819
    Tracing requests closed positively (persons located) 14 Physical rehabilitation
    Tracing requests still being handled at 31 December 2005 21 Patients receiving services Patients 1,077
    DOCUMENTS ISSUED Prostheses delivered Pieces 343
    People to whom travel documents were issued 30 Orthoses delivered Pieces 653

    ICRC ACTION In Abkhazia and western Georgia, the ICRC CIVILIANS


    continued to distribute food and other
    Given the ongoing tensions and periodic basic supplies to a core of people who were Family links
    violence in South Ossetia, the ICRC opened most needy and without any productive While assessing whether its RCM network
    an office in Tskhinvali in order to monitor capacity, while it helped other beneficiaries was still needed, the ICRC found that,
    and address humanitarian issues related to to start micro-economic initiatives, enabling although communications between Georgia
    the conflict. The organization carried out them to earn an income in cash or kind, and Abkhazia had improved, telephone calls
    basic repairs to centres hosting IDPs, as well thus reducing their dependence on external were expensive and the postal service did not
    as to the emergency surgical facilities of assistance. It also strove to improve the liv- fully cover Abkhazia. Consequently, some
    key hospitals. ing conditions of IDPs in western Georgia 6,200 people still relied on RCMs to keep in
    and in the Georgia-South Ossetia conflict touch with family members. The Chechen
    The ICRC continued to visit detainees held zone through the rehabilitation of collec- community in the Pankisi Valley continued
    in Georgia proper, Abkhazia and South tive centres. At the same time, the ICRC to be offered the family-links services, but
    Ossetia. It urged the Georgian government pursued its dialogue with the authorities, they made limited use of it (8 messages
    to reduce the severe overcrowding in pre- encouraging them to take measures to exchanged and 3 tracing requests opened).
    trial detention centres, pointing out the improve security, local economic condi- Compared with 2004, the overall volume
    potential impact on both detainee and tions and access to health care of civilians in of RCMs exchanged decreased by 30%.
    public health. In the most urgent cases, the conflict-affected areas.
    ICRC provided beds and bedding and 3,203 RCMs delivered (of which
    upgraded prison infrastructure and water- As planned, the ICRC maintained its sup- 1,854 in Abkhazia) and 3,006 RCMs
    supply systems. Working closely with the port to medical facilities in Abkhazia, as collected (of which 1,560 in Abkhazia)
    government and other international actors well as to physical rehabilitation services 6 people reunited with their families
    involved, the organization continued to in Tbilisi and Gagra. In partnership with
    support the tuberculosis (TB) control pro- the health authorities, it organized an assess- The missing
    gramme in prisons, expanding activities to ment of the national physical rehabilitation More than 12 years on, around 2,000 people
    include facilities in western Georgia. The policy in Georgia. remained missing in connection with the
    ICRC completed a comprehensive assess- conflict in Abkhazia and about 120 in con-
    ment of the management of health services The ICRC also supported the authorities’ nection with the conflict in South Ossetia.
    for detainees and submitted its recommen- efforts to enact legislation to meet the coun-
    dations to the justice and health authorities. try’s obligations under IHL and to integrate Despite having new statutes, the Georgian
    IHL into the curricula of military train- State commission dealing with the search
    The ICRC remained focused on the issue ing institutions, universities and secondary for missing persons still had to adopt all
    of persons missing as a result of the con- schools. best practices for handling issues related to
    flicts in Abkhazia and South Ossetia. While the missing and their families. Although the
    encouraging the authorities to take meas- In close collaboration with the International Abkhaz commission for missing persons
    ures to identify human remains and inform Federation, the ICRC continued to support had been temporarily disbanded, by the
    families, the organization assessed the the Red Cross Society of Georgia, specifi- end of the year the Abkhaz authorities
    needs of families of the missing and com- cally to develop the National Society’s dis- began drafting new statutes for the com-
    pleted a study on national legislation relating semination capacities. mission with the ICRC’s technical support.
    to the problem. In South Ossetia, while tensions early in the
    year left little room for dialogue on the sub-
    ject of the missing, the South Ossetian
    authorities responded favourably to an

    230
    ICRC ANNUAL REPORT 2005

    ICRC proposal to initiate cooperation on ICRC engineers rehabilitated buildings, 8,165 detainees visited (including
    this issue. sanitation and water-supply facilities to 421 in Abkhazia and 95 in South Ossetia),
    improve living conditions in 28 collective of whom 10 newly registered and
    The approximately 2,000 sets of personal centres housing IDPs, including three in the 22 monitored individually (including
    ante-mortem data gathered in Georgia and Georgia-South Ossetia conflict zone. These 3 in Abkhazia and 3 in South Ossetia),
    Abkhazia were recorded by the commis- rehabilitation projects benefited 2,695 IDPs. during 68 visits (including 8 in Abkhazia
    sions, but there was little progress in the The organization established maintenance and 15 in South Ossetia) to 19 places
    task of identifying remains. With a view to teams in the 28 centres, providing training of detention (including 2 in Abkhazia
    accelerating the exhumation process, the and tools. and 2 in South Ossetia)
    ICRC offered its technical assistance to a family visit arranged for a security
    help the commissions apply internation- detainee in South Ossetia and the
    ally accepted standards to ensure that the PEOPLE DEPRIVED return home of a security detainee
    exhumations yielded accurate information. OF THEIR FREEDOM from Abkhazia organized
    water and sanitation conditions
    Meanwhile, the ICRC assessed the needs of Visiting detainees and improving improved for 4,050 detainees
    families of missing persons. It found that living conditions
    many experienced economic problems, felt The ICRC continued to visit detainees in TB control programme
    neglected, struggled with legal problems and Georgia proper, Abkhazia and South Ossetia, Detainees in Georgia remained at high risk
    were ill-informed about how to deal with monitoring individually people arrested for of TB infection, as did the population at
    them. The organization also conducted a security reasons, and paying special atten- large when families visited their relatives
    study to identify Georgian legislation that tion to foreigners. in prison or when infected detainees were
    could provide legal protection for the fam- released. Supported by the ICRC, the gov-
    ilies of the missing. On the basis of the In Georgia proper, the government received ernment continued to implement the directly
    needs assessment and the legal study, the international support for its engagement observed treatment, short course (DOTS)
    ICRC began to examine ways to support in a process of prison reform. Even so, over- strategy for detainees with active TB.
    families in Georgia and Abkhazia in coop- crowding increased, especially in pre-trial
    eration with the commissions. detention facilities. The overcrowding not In support of the TB control programme in
    only compromised detainee health but also, prisons, the ICRC cooperated closely with
    Economic security and basic needs when prisoners were released, threatened the authorities and other international
    As an increasing number of residents of public health. Having assessed the situa- actors, providing technical assistance and
    Abkhazia with Russian passports became tion, the ICRC provided technical and medication. The Ministry of Justice con-
    eligible for Russian pensions, this improved material assistance to help the authorities ducted mass TB screening in 10 detention
    their economic security and allowed the improve overall conditions in prisons, thus facilities, including for the first time in two
    ICRC to stop its assistance to some of them. benefiting all inmates and contributing to detention facilities in Zugdidi and Batumi
    The caseload of people receiving food and the reform process. For example, the organ- in western Georgia. The largest screening
    essential household items was thus reduced ization responded to an urgent request by operation since the programme began was
    from 15,593 to 8,363. The ICRC and its the Ministry of Justice to provide 400 beds organized for 3,000 detainees at the most
    local partner continued to provide home and bedding for detainees. crowded pre-trial detention facility.
    care and cooked food to a number of these
    still highly vulnerable beneficiaries. Simul- Furthermore, the ICRC completed the 6,532 detainees screened for TB in
    taneously, the organization provided grants water-supply system at a new prison under 10 detention facilities
    to 4,567 people (1,391 households) to start construction near Tbilisi (capacity 1,500), 316 detainees diagnosed with
    micro-economic projects (agricultural, trade undertook emergency plumbing repairs at TB admitted for treatment
    or craft) and decrease their dependence on the central penitentiary hospital in Tbilisi of the detainees starting treatment in
    external assistance. (250 beneficiaries), rehabilitated the 2005, 20 completed DOTS treatment
    drinking-water supply of Ksani colony near and 254 were still undergoing treatment
    In western Georgia, the ICRC continued Tbilisi (600 beneficiaries) and installed at year’s end
    to assist up to 36,013 people with food windows and rehabilitated showers in
    and essential household items, to distrib- Geguti colony in western Georgia (650 ben-
    ute agricultural, trade and craft grants to eficiaries). In South Ossetia, the organiza- WOUNDED AND SICK
    12,420 people (3,231 households), and some tion upgraded the water-supply system and
    8,900 people received a last food ration installed showers at the prison in Tskhinvali Hospital support
    in 2005. At the end of 2005, there were (50 beneficiaries). In Abkhazia, problems related to a lack of
    15,460 beneficiaries who either did not have recognition of the area’s status continued
    any productive capacity or would receive a The ICRC undertook an assessment of the to hinder the delivery of essential medi-
    grant in 2006. management of health services in Georgia’s cines and supplies. The ICRC thus provided
    penitentiary system and shared its findings three referral hospitals in Sukhumi, Agudzera
    15,684 people in Abkhazia received with the government. Regular meetings and Tkvarcheli with essential analgesics
    food and essential household items, then took place with the Ministries of and suture material.
    of these 4,567 also received grants Justice and of Health in order to encourage
    36,013 people in western Georgia the integration of the ICRC’s recommenda- 819 surgical operations performed in
    received food and essential household tions into the ongoing reform of the peni- 3 ICRC-supported hospitals in Abkhazia
    items, of these 12,420 also received tentiary system. 58 weapon-wounded cases admitted
    grants to these 3 hospitals

    231
    EUROPE AND THE AMERICAS GEORGIA

    In the Georgia-South Ossetia conflict zone, AUTHORITIES the organization’s activities presented
    the ICRC carried out the partial rehabilita- to 145 officers of the Abkhaz military
    tion of three Georgian health facilities and The ICRC continued to promote Georgia’s and law-enforcement bodies, and
    launched a project to improve the water accession to IHL treaties prohibiting or 11 briefings given to 42 officers at
    and sanitation conditions in Tskhinvali regulating the use of certain types of checkpoints throughout Abkhazia
    hospital. The ICRC also sponsored the par- weapons, including Protocols IV (blinding
    ticipation of two surgeons (one Georgian laser weapons) and V (explosive remnants
    and one Ossetian) in the organization’s of war) to the Convention on Certain CIVIL SOCIETY
    annual regional war-surgery seminars in Conventional Weapons and the Ottawa
    Sochi, Russia. Convention. To further support the author- The ICRC organized several round-tables
    ities’ efforts to enact legislation to meet in western Georgia and Abkhazia in order
    Physical rehabilitation Georgia’s obligations under IHL, the ICRC to update media representatives on its
    There were 4,000 amputees in Georgia, completed a study of national legislation humanitarian activities. It produced press
    according to official estimates. In Abkhazia, relating to missing persons and the rights of releases and fact sheets and gave radio and
    there were around 600, most of whom were their families. It also reviewed Georgian TV interviews, highlighting its TB control
    war-wounded. Therefore, the ICRC con- legislation on the use and protection of the programme in prisons and micro-economic
    tinued to assist two government physical red cross and red crescent emblems. A five- initiatives to assist vulnerable civilians.
    rehabilitation centres, namely the main day IHL training course for 23 State offi-
    centre located in Tbilisi (which also served cials was co-organized by the ICRC and the The ICRC maintained its support for a
    patients from South Ossetia) and the cen- Georgian Young Lawyers Association. school programme to familiarize pupils in
    tre in Gagra, which was the only rehabil- Georgia with the basic concepts of IHL and
    itation centre serving disabled people The ICRC regularly provided embassies of humanitarian action. As the education sys-
    from Abkhazia. countries belonging to the ICRC Donor tem went through its reform process, the
    Support Group in Tbilisi, as well as the UN, the organization cooperated with the Ministry
    The ICRC pursued its efforts to ensure that European Commission and the Organization of Education in integrating IHL-related
    the Georgian Foundation for Prosthetic and for Security and Co-operation in Europe topics into new curricula and textbooks.
    Orthopaedic Rehabilitation (GEFPOR), (OSCE), with material on the ICRC’s activ- The ICRC organized a nationwide compe-
    which it had helped set up, could gradually ities in the country and around the world. tition on teaching the basics of IHL, and
    take over the physical rehabilitation pro- 63 teachers from the different regions of
    gramme in Tbilisi. To this end, it sup- Georgia participated in the final round.
    ported training for senior GEFPOR officials ARMED FORCES AND OTHER In Sukhumi, the ICRC organized an IHL
    to further develop their organizational and BEARERS OF WEAPONS competition for 35 pupils from 7 districts
    financial management expertise and held a of Abkhazia.
    month-long course to upgrade the skills of A presidential order disbanded the interior
    six physiotherapists. troops, integrating the majority of them some 154,000 pupils, including
    into the Ministry of Defence land forces. 6,000 in Abkhazia, used ICRC-sponsored
    Moreover, in collaboration with the health Two battalions were left under the Ministry textbooks
    authorities, the organization arranged for of the Interior and were deployed in Tbilisi 106 groups of teachers (1,056 teachers)
    an independent evaluation of the national and Zugdidi. trained in Tbilisi and 15 regions of
    physical rehabilitation policy in Georgia to Georgia
    be conducted. participation of the deputy head of 7 teachers trained as teacher-trainers
    operational management of the land in Georgia and 12 in Abkhazia
    As part of its support to the centre in forces of Georgia sponsored in an IHL
    Gagra, the ICRC organized a three-week course in San Remo IHL was taught in the law and journalism
    physiotherapy course to upgrade the skills a three-day IHL course conducted for faculties of six universities in Georgia. The
    of local professionals. In partnership with 36 officers of the 21st Battalion of the ICRC worked closely with the Georgian
    the local health authorities, the organization Kutaisi Brigade prior to its deployment Young Lawyers Association to promote IHL
    held a round-table on physical rehabilita- to Iraq, as well as a half-day IHL training in academic circles, notably co-organizing
    tion. Subsequently, the Abkhaz authorities course for 8 officer-instructors and an IHL moot-court competition and a
    agreed to progressively assume full respon- 32 sergeants of the Non-Commissioned national IHL essay competition for law
    sibility for the Gagra centre. Officers School students. The organization sponsored the
    the organization’s activities presented participation of university students and
    1,077 patients, including 567 amputees, to 60 military personnel from the UN teachers in such events as the international
    received services at 2 ICRC-supported Observer Mission in Georgia, 4 observers Jean Pictet IHL competition, the Moscow
    physical rehabilitation centres from the OSCE and 50 servicemen IHL summer school and the Moscow IHL
    124 new patients fitted with prostheses of the Russian Battalion of the Joint round-table for State officials and academic
    and 247 with orthoses Peacekeeping Force in the Georgia- circles. In order to promote IHL rules and
    343 prostheses (70 for mine victims), South Ossetia conflict zone principles among current and future
    653 orthoses (1 for a mine victim), 6 presentations given on the organization’s decision-makers in South Ossetia, the
    892 crutches and 5 wheelchairs delivered activities for 41 police officers in ICRC organized a one-day IHL training
    Tskaltubo, Abasha and Poti, as well as course for 20 professors and students of the
    for 80 officers of the Rapid Deployment University of Tskhinvali, in which 13 local
    Force of the Ministry of the Interior government officials also participated.
    in Zugdidi

    232
    ICRC ANNUAL REPORT 2005

    RED CROSS AND


    RED CRESCENT MOVEMENT

    The Red Cross Society of Georgia focused


    on adopting new statutes and preparing
    for elections, as well as drawing up a new
    strategic plan for 2006–09.

    The ICRC signed an agreement with the


    National Society on enhancing its capac-
    ities in the fields of dissemination and
    communication.

    with ICRC support, 14 National Society


    regional dissemination officers conducted
    114 internal sessions with 802 participants
    and 164 external sessions with
    1,148 participants

    233
    serbia and
    montenegro
    (including kosovo)
    HUNGARY The ICRC works throughout Serbia and Montenegro,
    ROMANIA
    including Kosovo, to assist the families of missing
    VOJVODINA persons in their efforts to shed light on the fate of
    CROATIA
    Novi Sad their relatives. It monitors the situation of minority
    communities, IDPs and returnees facing security
    problems. Having concluded its direct assistance
    BELGRADE
    BOSNIA programmes in 2004, the organization continues to
    and SE R B I A
    HERZEGOVINA
    lobby the authorities to support IDPs and other vul-
    Kragujevac
    Kraljevo
    nerable groups. The ICRC has operated in Serbia
    SER B I A a n d M O N T E N E G R O and Montenegro since 1991, and in Kosovo since
    Nis 1992. As of January 2006, the Belgrade delegation
    Mitrovica/
    MONTENEG RO Mitrovicë will also cover Albania and the Former Yugoslav
    Berane
    Podgorica Pristina/ BULGARIA Republic of Macedonia.
    Prishtinë
    Bujanovac
    KOSOVO

    ALBANIA FORMER YUGOSLAV


    50 km REPUBLIC of MACEDONIA
    ICRC/AR.2005

    ICRC delegation ICRC sub-delegation ICRC mission ICRC office

    EXPENDITURE (IN CHF ,000)


    Protection 4,226
    Assistance 3,091
    Prevention 2,063 CONTEXT
    Cooperation with National Societies 1,943
    General - The potential for violence persisted, par- Kosovo remained stable throughout the
    ticularly in Kosovo and southern Serbia, year despite some serious challenges,
    11,323 owing to the fragile coexistence of different such as the resignation in March of Prime
    of which: Overheads 687 ethnic groups and religions, rival territorial Minister Haradinaj of the Provisional
    IMPLEMENTATION RATE claims and imbalances in socio-economic Institutions of Self-Government (PISG) to
    Expenditure/yearly budget 95.4% development levels. However, in light of its face war-crime charges in The Hague.
    improved cooperation with the interna- Kosovo Serb representatives maintained
    PERSONNEL
    15 expatriates
    tional community, Serbia and Montenegro their boycott of Kosovo’s provisional
    138 national staff (daily workers not included) was authorized to start discussions with the institutions.
    European Union on a Stabilization and
    KEY POINTS Association Agreement. Nevertheless, strong Negotiations on the final status of Kosovo
    pressure was again exerted on Serbia to were officially launched between Belgrade
    In 2005, the ICRC: continue active cooperation with the and Pri stina in October 2005. Conse-
    chaired official sessions of the Working International Criminal Tribunal for the quently, the province, still administered
    Group on the Missing in Kosovo,
    former Yugoslavia and, should any remain- by the United Nations Mission in Kosovo
    re-establishing direct talks and enabling
    sustained dialogue on the issue to take place ing indictees be in Serbia, to arrest and (UNMIK), entered a sensitive phase.
    between Belgrade and Pristina; continued extradite them.
    discussions with the authorities in Serbia Relations between UNMIK and the PISG
    and Montenegro regarding the legal and Despite a slight improvement in some improved as the transfer of responsibilities
    administrative problems facing the families macro-economic indicators, the state of the to the Kosovo institutions gathered momen-
    of the missing; economy remained dire and many struc- tum. In December 2005, UNMIK promul-
    monitored the situation of minorities and
    tural reforms were still pending. The eco- gated legislation establishing the Ministry
    IDPs; assisted IDPs in Kosovo suffering from
    lead poisoning and alerted the authorities nomic situation of the most vulnerable of Justice, the Ministry of Internal Affairs
    and other humanitarian actors to the issue; deteriorated, especially among IDPs and and the Kosovo Judicial Council. Dialogue
    conducted a final evaluation of its assistance minorities. between UNMIK and the Serbian authori-
    programmes for IDPs in Serbia and ties improved, with the resumption, after
    Montenegro; A referendum on independence in months of stalemate, of discussions on
    handed over the basic health services Montenegro, decisive for the future of the missing persons and the return of IDPs.
    pilot project in Kraljevo to public health
    authorities, who adopted it as a model for
    State Union of Serbia and Montenegro,
    primary-health-care reform and started was announced for spring 2006. Uncer- Tension and mistrust lingered between the
    to replicate it elsewhere in Serbia; tainty about future relations between majority Albanian and the main minority
    with the International Federation, pursued Belgrade and Podgorica put the resolution Serbian populations in the province, where
    efforts to enhance cooperation between of many important legal and administrative Serbian IDPs and minorities continued to
    Red Cross actors; matters on hold. endure intimidation. The situation remained
    supported academic circles and the
    volatile, marked by attacks that left a number
    authorities in implementing IHL at the
    national and regional levels; facilitated IHL of people injured or dead.
    training for the armed forces.

    234
    ICRC ANNUAL REPORT 2005

    MAIN FIGURES AND INDICATORS

    PEOPLE DEPRIVED OF THEIR FREEDOM (All categories/all statuses)


    Detainees visited 142
    Detainees visited and monitored individually 130
    Number of visits carried out 25
    Number of places of detention visited 14
    RESTORING FAMILY LINKS
    Red Cross messages (RCMs) and reunifications
    RCMs collected 12
    RCMs distributed 2
    Tracing requests, including cases of missing persons 1
    People for whom a tracing request was newly registered 85
    Tracing requests closed positively (persons located) 601
    Tracing requests still being handled at 31 December 2005 2,450
    DOCUMENTS ISSUED
    People to whom a detention attestation was issued 6

    1. Kosovo conflict only

    ICRC ACTION charges, State security detainees and those Kosovo conflict
    held in connection with the past Kosovo The Working Group on the Missing in
    The ICRC continued to chair the Working conflict. With the increase in the detention Kosovo, a forum for information exchange
    Group on the Missing in Kosovo, promot- of war-crime suspects in Serbia, the ICRC’s between the authorities in Serbia and
    ing forensic activities in support of the pursuit of a formal agreement on immedi- Montenegro and Kosovo, convened three
    exhumation and identification processes ate and systematic access to these and secu- public and three closed meetings, under
    and mobilizing local and international rity detainees intensified. In Kosovo, the ICRC chairmanship, in Belgrade and
    organizations. Increasing numbers of fam- ICRC monitored developments in the Pristina. Both parties signed a general
    ilies obtained information on the fate of prison-management sector. framework agreement defining the Working
    their relatives. The ICRC supported the Group’s humanitarian mandate to clarify
    families of the missing by lobbying for With the declining need for a lead agency the fate of missing persons and the parti-
    recognition of their legal and administra- among Red Cross actors in Kosovo, cipants’ responsibilities in pursuing this
    tive rights, as well as assisting family asso- Movement partners reviewed their shared objective. Efforts were made to clarify the
    ciations in project funding and capacity responsibilities. The ICRC and the fate of individuals unaccounted for, gain
    building. International Federation enhanced coor- information related to gravesite locations,
    dination between the two operating Red identify corrective measures to accelerate
    In Kosovo, the ICRC continued to monitor Cross units. In Serbia and Montenegro, the the forensic process and offer administra-
    the situation of minority communities and focus of the ICRC’s cooperation with the tive and legal support to the families of
    IDPs, making representations to the author- National Society shifted from supporting missing persons. Consequently, the human
    ities and providing direct assistance and operational activities to capacity building. remains transfer process from Serbia proper
    support. In Serbia and Montenegro, as to Kosovo was stepped up.
    expected, the ICRC closed all its field Preventive activities, such as promoting
    offices and conducted a final evaluation of IHL among the national authorities and the There was improved coordination and
    the situation of the most vulnerable IDPs armed forces, remained on course. The exchange of information between the organ-
    from Kosovo and of the impact of the orga- ICRC intensified its IHL training activities izations involved in forensic work, such
    nization’s income-generating and cash- with academic circles and continued to as the Office on Missing Persons and Forensics
    assistance programmes. The Belgrade introduce the Exploring Humanitarian Law (OMPF), the International Commission on
    delegation lobbied national and inter- programme in secondary schools. Missing Persons and the Forensics Institute
    national institutions for support in favour in Serbia. The ICRC continued to mobilize
    of the most vulnerable IDPs. international and local authorities in
    CIVILIANS support of the Working Group process and
    The ICRC completed the transfer of its ensured the regular exchange of information
    basic health services pilot project to the Helping to shed light on the fate with the families through the governmental
    Serbian Health Ministry. Initiated to help of missing persons commissions on missing persons and the
    the local health structure overwhelmed The issue of missing persons remained the family associations in both Serbia and
    by the arrival of IDPs in the central Serbian most painful legacy of past conflicts and a Kosovo.
    town of Kraljevo, the project inspired major impediment to development. The
    national primary-health-care reform and ICRC continued to assist families and fam- In relation to the Kosovo conflict:
    replication began elsewhere in Serbia. ily associations in their search for news of
    missing relatives. 601 cases of missing persons were
    The ICRC continued to visit detainees in resolved, including identification
    Serbia and Montenegro and in Kosovo, of 546 human remains which were
    focusing on persons held on war-crime handed over to families/authorities

    235
    EUROPE AND THE AMERICAS SERBIA AND MONTENEGRO (INCLUDING KOSOVO)

    (275 from Serbia to Kosovo, Croatia conflict 1991–95, Concurrently, the ICRC initiated remedial
    29 from Kosovo to Serbia, 1 to Albania Bosnia conflict 1992–95 measures in IDP camps, improving
    and 241 within Kosovo); The stagnation in relations between the hygiene and offering low-fat milk to young
    2 gravesites were excavated, yielding authorities in Belgrade and Zagreb contin- children and pregnant women to reduce
    the remains of 35 persons; ued, hampering progress in the identification lead absorption.
    a list of 16 alleged gravesites was process and other efforts to resolve the issue
    resubmitted to the OMPF, and of missing persons. In southern Serbia, the ICRC continued to
    the authorities decided to start the monitor the fragile security situation and
    exhumation process in 11 of the In relation to the conflicts in Croatia and stayed in contact with the authorities and
    16 locations; Bosnia and Herzegovina: civil society in Bujanovac, Presevo and
    ante-mortem data were collected Medvedja. It likewise carried out periodic
    from 70 individuals in Kosovo and 98 families from Serbia and monitoring visits to the Sandzak area,
    25 in Serbia and Montenegro; Montenegro assisted in travelling home to a significant Bosniak minority,
    6 meetings on forensics were convened to Zagreb, allowing the identification maintaining links with local community
    with institutions and organizations of the remains of 55 persons; and religious leaders, as well as with grass-
    involved in identifications; ante-mortem data were collected roots NGOs and the authorities.
    2,450 persons remained unaccounted from 43 individuals missing in relation
    for at end-2005 (of which 356 women to the Croatia conflict; Following the cessation of assistance pro-
    and 234 minors at the time of ante-mortem data were collected grammes for vulnerable IDPs from Kosovo,
    disappearance). from 122 individuals missing in relation the ICRC undertook a final evaluation to
    to the Bosnia conflict. gauge the impact of its micro-economic
    In Kosovo, the ICRC: and cash-assistance programmes and to
    Protecting and assisting vulnerable assess the situation of IDPs in Serbia and
    in cooperation with the local Red Cross, civilians Montenegro. Findings confirmed that the
    provided first aid and psychological In Kosovo, the situation of minority com- situation had worsened for all vulnerable
    support to families during 10 reburials munities remained a concern, particularly groups, not only IDPs. However, income-
    and visits to morgues; Serbs who regularly faced intimidation generating schemes, such as micro-credit,
    organized 12 psychological-support and attacks. Kosovo Albanians in predom- in-kind grants and vocational training, alle-
    group sessions for around 200 relatives inantly Serb areas of Kosovo were equally viated the suffering of the most vulnerable
    of missing persons and members at risk. Freedom of movement of resident IDPs, restored their dignity and self-reliance
    of associations of families of missing minority communities was severely restricted and significantly reduced the need for local
    persons; owing to security threats. Access to basic assistance.
    assessed the impact of psychosocial public services, such as health care and edu-
    programmes and provided direction cation, remained difficult. Consequently,
    for future programmes. minorities achieved little integration. The PEOPLE DEPRIVED
    ICRC maintained contacts with the com- OF THEIR FREEDOM
    In Serbia and Montenegro, the ICRC: munities at risk to assess their situation.
    Together with the local Red Cross, it pro- Visits to detainees in Serbia
    provided financial and technical vided the most vulnerable with food and and Montenegro
    support for 23 projects initiated and material assistance and conveyed their con- The ICRC continued to visit detainees held
    implemented by 6 family associations, cerns to the authorities. on war-crime charges or for security rea-
    which included psychosocial support sons in Serbia and Montenegro. It identi-
    programmes and dissemination The ICRC pursued its efforts in Kosovo to fied problems and made recommendations
    activities; raise stakeholders’ awareness of the difficul- to the detaining authorities. The number
    supported the organization of ties discouraging the estimated 20,000 IDPs of people arrested for war crimes in Serbia
    commemorative events for families within Kosovo from returning to certain and Montenegro increased. While access
    of the missing, as well as media events areas and stressed the importance of ensur- to this category of detainees was granted,
    to draw attention to the families’ ing that they returned voluntarily. The the ICRC continued to negotiate for a for-
    problems; number of returnees from Serbia proper mal agreement guaranteeing access on a
    in cooperation with the local Red Cross, remained low, since many considered it still systematic basis.
    organized 8 community-based projects unsafe to return. Restrictions on movement
    targeting vulnerable groups and hampered IDPs’ access to health and educa- 77 detainees monitored individually
    including families of the missing; tion. In cooperation with local Red Cross during 13 visits to 8 places of detention
    focused on building the capacities units, the ICRC carried out assessments of 33 attestations of detention delivered
    of family associations, organizing living conditions during displacement and to former detainees visited by the ICRC
    3 workshops on advocacy, media upon return. It also facilitated the revival
    relations and project management; of a collective health centre in Obilić, where Visits to detainees in Kosovo
    actively lobbied local authorities 468 people were subsequently treated. In Kosovo, the ICRC conducted further
    for the legal and administrative rights visits to detainees held in connection with
    of families of the missing. To assist some 530 minority IDPs living in the conflict in 1999 and the violence in
    a lead-contaminated area of Kosovo, the March 2004. With the handover of compe-
    ICRC made representations to the local and tencies for civilian detention facilities
    international authorities, leading to UNMIK’s from UNMIK to the Kosovo Correction
    release of funds to deal with the emergency. Service, the ICRC convened frequent

    236
    ICRC ANNUAL REPORT 2005

    bilateral meetings with the authorities ARMED FORCES AND OTHER activities. Support was given to the Kosovo
    involved to closely monitor the planned BEARERS OF WEAPONS Action Network to launch a public cam-
    transfer of portfolios. It also maintained paign on missing persons.
    regular contact with the military detaining Despite the difficulties plaguing military
    authorities, as well as with NGOs con- reforms, the ICRC carried out most of the By making presentations and supplying
    cerned with detention issues. planned activities with the Serbia and publications to the Kosovo Protection Corps,
    Montenegro armed forces aimed at pro- the ICRC fostered understanding of IHL and
    65 detainees visited (53 monitored moting further integration of IHL into mil- the role and responsibilities of civil defence
    individually; 22 newly registered) during itary training. Specialized meetings and organizations during conflict.
    12 visits to 6 places of detention courses were organized and publications
    109 attestations of detention delivered provided. The ICRC sponsored the partici- The Exploring Humanitarian Law school
    to former detainees visited by the ICRC pation of Defence Ministry representatives programme was extended to Serbian and
    in IHL courses in San Remo and Vienna. Albanian classes in southern Serbia and
    piloted in the ethnically mixed (Bosniak/
    WOUNDED AND SICK Cooperation between the 17,000-strong Serbian) area of Sandzak. Some 50 teachers
    NATO-led Kosovo Force (KFOR) and the were trained to teach the programme. In
    As planned, the basic health services pilot ICRC remained constructive. The ICRC Kosovo, the ICRC strengthened its relations
    project, developed in Kraljevo to meet the enjoyed access to the various KFOR brigades with the PISG Education Ministry to pre-
    primary-health-care needs of a large IDP and maintained contact with the central pare for the introduction of a pilot project
    population and vulnerable residents, was and regional command. It gave regular in selected secondary schools.
    handed over to the Serbian Ministry of briefings on its mandate and humanitarian
    Health. The project served as a model for activities, with particular focus on missing Ongoing reforms in university education
    national health reform and was replicated persons and detention. included plans to pursue introduction of
    elsewhere in the country. Together with IHL in the curricula of leading law and
    the health authorities and international While the Organization for Security and political science faculties. The ICRC spon-
    experts, the ICRC evaluated the project, the Co-operation in Europe and the Council sored the national moot-court competition,
    findings of which were made available at of Europe assisted in the ongoing reform organized a regional IHL course for 40 stu-
    www.phckraljevo.org. of police and security forces in Serbia and dents and supplied standard IHL libraries
    Montenegro, the ICRC organized lectures on to universities in Belgrade, Niš, Mitrovica
    IHL provisions applicable to police func- and Priština.
    AUTHORITIES tions for various law-enforcement agencies.

    The ICRC maintained regular contact with UNMIK police passed on some responsibil- RED CROSS AND
    the authorities in Serbia and Montenegro, ities to the Kosovo Police Service (KPS), and RED CRESCENT MOVEMENT
    the PISG and Kosovo political leaders to the ICRC shifted its focus to raising aware-
    promote IHL and raise awareness of the ness of humanitarian principles and the orga- The Serbia and Montenegro Red Cross
    organization’s mandate and humanitarian nization’s mandate among KPS personnel. Society maintained its dissemination capac-
    concerns, especially regarding missing It made 16 presentations to 648 KPS staff on ity through eight centres supporting over
    persons and IDPs. It also participated in IHL provisions applicable to internal violence 100 branches. Dissemination activities
    IHL-related events hosted by the Ministries and made two additional presentations to covering IHL and emergency preparedness
    of Foreign Affairs and Defence. 75 KPS officers in special police units. were implemented in 11 branches border-
    ing the Kosovo province. The National
    Support was given to the national IHL Society’s tracing service was assessed and a
    committee in its efforts to encourage ratifi- CIVIL SOCIETY long-term development plan drawn up with
    cation and implementation of IHL treaties by ICRC support. Local Red Cross branches
    Serbia and Montenegro. A Serbian-language ICRC reports on the situation of vulnerable implemented 68 community-based proj-
    translation of Volume I of the ICRC’s study IDPs, Working Group sessions on the fate ects for IDPs from Kosovo, with partici-
    on customary international humanitarian of missing persons and the public cam- pation also of families of missing persons
    law was presented to State officials. paign around the International Day of the and minorities.
    Disappeared kept media interest in human-
    The ICRC continued to work with repre- itarian issues alive. An IHL competition for The ICRC relinquished its lead agency role
    sentatives of the international community, students, a regional IHL course involving for the Movement in Kosovo but retained
    particularly UNMIK, to address the legal universities from the former Yugoslavia, and the lead role in activities concerning missing
    needs of families of missing persons. Capi- the launch of the ICRC’s study on custom- persons, resident minorities, IDPs, tracing
    talizing on international policy-makers’ ary international humanitarian law at the and dissemination. Together with the
    interest in the activities of the Working Serbian parliament were reported as contri- International Federation, it facilitated four
    Group on the Missing in Kosovo, the ICRC butions to a better understanding of IHL. meetings of a joint working group of the
    organized briefings for a broad range of Red Cross of Kosova based in Pristina and
    actors at central and local levels. The ICRC maintained contacts with associ- the Red Cross of Kosovo and Metohija based
    ations of war veterans and invalids and their in Mitrovica. The two Red Cross structures
    families that had emerged after the conflict agreed to run a joint mobile clinic and
    in Kosovo, as well as with student unions, to received ICRC advice on how to raise
    prepare the ground for round-tables on IHL awareness of mines and other explosive
    and the ICRC’s mandate and humanitarian remnants of war.

    237
    budapest
    TALLINN
    200 km
    The Budapest regional delegation, established in 1997,
    E S TO N I A
    SWEDEN
    encourages and supports the States of the region in
    RIGA
    L AT V I A their efforts to ratify and implement IHL treaties. It
    DENMARK LITHUANIA RUSSIAN FEDERATION
    assists the military authorities in incorporating IHL
    RUSSIAN
    VILNIUS
    FEDERATION into their training programmes and exercises, and
    BELARUS the civil authorities in integrating IHL into university
    WARSAW and secondary-school curricula. It also promotes
    GERMANY
    P O L AN D research and debate on IHL and humanitarian issues
    PRAGUE UKRAINE among academic circles. The delegation supports the
    CZECH REP.
    SL OVAKI A development of the region’s National Societies and
    BRATISLAVA
    AUSTRIA
    BUDAPEST
    MOLDOVA addresses the needs of the families of persons who
    SLOVEN I A H UN GARY went missing during the conflicts in Croatia between
    ROMANIA
    LJUBLJANA ZAGREB 1991 and 1995.
    BUCHAREST
    CR OATI A BOSNIA BLACK SEA
    and SERBIA.
    HERZEGOVINA and BULGARIA
    ITALY MONTENEGRO
    SOFIA
    ALBANIA FYR of
    MACEDONIA TURKEY ICRC/AR.2005
    GREECE COVERING
    ICRC regional delegation ICRC mission Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia,
    Lithuania, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia

    EXPENDITURE (IN CHF ,000)


    Protection 603
    Assistance -
    Prevention 2,285 CONTEXT
    Cooperation with National Societies 928
    General - With eight of the countries in the region Parliamentary elections took place in
    having joined the European Union (EU) Bulgaria, where the Socialist Party topped
    3,816 in 2004 and three others aiming for acces- the poll. After weeks of wrangling, a coalition
    of which: Overheads 233 sion, much of the region’s political attention deal was reached whereby Sergei Stanishev
    IMPLEMENTATION RATE focused on the proposed EU constitution. became prime minister. Both presidential
    Expenditure/yearly budget 98.1% The rejection of the constitution by EU and parliamentary elections in Poland saw
    members France and the Netherlands the victory of the conservative Law and
    PERSONNEL
    5 expatriates
    raised issues concerning the EU’s identity Justice Party. Lech Kaczynski was named
    22 national staff (daily workers not included) and future enlargement, as well as the president, while Kazimierz Marcinkiewicz
    potential effect of the “No” vote on the was appointed prime minister and formed
    KEY POINTS European Security and Defence Policy. a minority government.

    In 2005, the ICRC: While Bulgaria and Romania remained The public in some Central European coun-
    made preparations, with the Croatian on course for accession to the EU in 2007, tries continued to voice opposition to the
    government and National Society, for the
    Croatia encountered difficulties. The presence of their troops in Iraq. The dis-
    handover to them of the missing persons
    file and the closure of the ICRC office in European Council twice postponed nego- content brought about a policy change in
    Zagreb in 2006; tiations because of Zagreb’s failure to coop- Bulgaria, for example, which withdrew its
    continued to visit people detained in erate fully with the International Criminal troops from Iraq at the end of the year. In
    connection with the past conflicts in Croatia; Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia. In Poland, meanwhile, the new government
    encouraged countries in the region to accede December, a Croatian general charged with decided to prolong its presence in Iraq
    to IHL treaties they had not yet ratified; war crimes, Ante Gotovina, was arrested in until the end of 2006, but with reduced
    participated in a series of NATO command
    Spain, and agreement was finally reached on troops. Hungary and Lithuania decided to
    post exercises and training activities;
    pursued efforts to have IHL integrated into beginning negotiations regarding Croatia’s lead provincial reconstruction teams in
    the training programmes of the armed accession to the EU. Afghanistan in 2006, without much public
    forces of the region; debate or interest. The allegations that the
    signed a tripartite agreement with the On the political scene, two countries saw a US Central Intelligence Agency operated
    Slovenian government and National Society change of government in the wake of a cri- secret detention facilities in certain Central
    on introducing the Exploring Humanitarian sis. In the Czech Republic, the resignation European countries, flying over and land-
    Law modules into the secondary-school
    curriculum.
    of Prime Minister Stanislav Gross led to the ing in various other ones, were strongly
    appointment of a new government under denied by the governments in question.
    Jiři Paroubek. In Estonia, following the res- The general public, however, did not appear
    ignation of the government led by Juhan overly concerned by the issue.
    Parts, a new coalition government was sworn
    in under Andrus Ansip.

    238
    ICRC ANNUAL REPORT 2005

    MAIN FIGURES AND INDICATORS

    PEOPLE DEPRIVED OF THEIR FREEDOM (All categories/all statuses) 1


    Detainees visited 60
    Detainees visited and monitored individually 54
    Number of visits carried out 6
    Number of places of detention visited 6
    RESTORING FAMILY LINKS 1
    Tracing requests, including cases of missing persons
    People for whom a tracing request was newly registered 23
    Tracing requests closed positively (persons located) 76
    Tracing requests still being handled at 31 December 2005 2,493
    DOCUMENTS ISSUED 1
    People to whom a detention attestation was issued 293
    1. Croatia only

    ICRC ACTION A priority in 2005 was preparation for the missing persons, which should serve as an
    closure of the ICRC’s office in Zagreb. This advisory body to the authorities and pro-
    The promotion of IHL, particularly the was postponed until 2006 in order to final- pose strategic decisions on the issue.
    ratification and national implementation ize bilateral agreements between the ICRC
    of IHL treaties, was the main focus of the and the Croatian government and the Following two identification sessions in
    ICRC’s work in the Central European National Society respectively. Accordingly, Zagreb, organized with the ICRC’s support,
    region. Working with the 11 governments the ICRC prepared to hand over the file deal- 39 bodies were identified. The ICRC helped
    of the region, the organization continued to ing with missing persons to the Croatian 98 families living in Serbia and Montenegro
    encourage the creation of national commit- Red Cross. to attend the sessions. Assistance was also
    tees for the implementation of IHL and to given to 49 family members who, follow-
    support their work. ing the identification, decided to bury
    CIVILIANS 10 relatives in their native villages in Croatia.
    Efforts were pursued to integrate IHL into Furthermore, the ICRC provided accom-
    the training and operations of the armed Ten years after the signing of the Dayton modation for 20 family members who did
    forces in Central Europe. In ongoing dis- peace agreement, despite the ongoing process not have a place to stay.
    cussions with the region’s Ministries of of exhumation and identification carried
    Defence, the ICRC placed emphasis on par- out by Croatia’s Department for Detained
    ticipating in multilateral exercises, such as and Missing Persons (DDMP), the fate of PEOPLE DEPRIVED
    those conducted with NATO. 2,493 people, recorded by the ICRC as miss- OF THEIR FREEDOM
    ing in connection with the conflicts in Croatia
    The ICRC also concentrated on incorpo- between 1991 and 1995, remained unknown. The ICRC continued to monitor the con-
    rating the Exploring Humanitarian Law ditions and treatment of people detained
    (EHL) programme into secondary-school The ICRC proceeded with its plans to in Croatia in relation to past conflicts.
    curricula, supporting Ministries of transfer its responsibilities and specific data Most of them were ethnic Serbs, with their
    Education throughout the development of related to the missing to the Croatian Red families living in neighbouring Serbia or
    the programme, with a special emphasis on Cross and the DDMP in mid-2006, while the Republika Srpska in Bosnia and
    helping countries in the early stages of taking steps to ensure the appropriate hand- Herzegovina. The organization followed up
    implementation and on finalizing negotia- ling of the file. To this end, it was agreed on people arrested on charges of war crimes
    tions with others willing to launch it. that, following the handover, the ICRC and on detainees released, thanks to sys-
    would provide the National Society’s trac- tematic notification from the Croatian
    The programme of cooperation with uni- ing department with training and financial Ministry of Justice.
    versity law faculties continued to develop, and technical support. In the meantime, the
    with memoranda of understanding being ICRC continued to gather data on persons Under an agreement between the parties,
    signed with two new universities. Moreover, reported missing by their families and to five detainees convicted of war crimes were
    the ICRC organized a series of competi- manage the file in cooperation with both its transferred from Croatia to Serbia and
    tions and events for law students and teach- Croatian partners and National Societies Montenegro, where they would continue to
    ers to foster expertise in IHL. abroad. serve their sentences.

    The ICRC pursued its cooperation with The ICRC transmitted to the DDMP 60 detainees visited, of whom 54 moni-
    the region’s 11 National Societies, aiming to 36 ante-mortem data forms that had been tored individually (6 newly registered,
    build their capacities in the fields of dis- collected in Serbia and Montenegro, in 2 women), during 6 visits to 6 places
    semination and tracing. It continued to Bosnia and Herzegovina and by National of detention in Croatia
    assist the Croatian Red Cross, in particular, Societies in other countries. In another 7 detainees released, of whom
    in dealing with the issue of missing persons positive development, with encouragement 1 transferred by the ICRC to Serbia
    and in conducting mine-risk education. from the ICRC, the Croatian government and Montenegro to be reunited with
    formed an interministerial commission on his family

    239
    EUROPE AND THE AMERICAS BUDAPEST

    22 detainees benefited from family visits ARMED FORCES AND OTHER Friedrich Born IHL competition, bringing
    supported by the ICRC BEARERS OF WEAPONS together 20 leading IHL lecturers and
    42 detainees provided with clothing 33 students from eight countries.
    and shoes The ICRC increased its participation in
    293 people issued with detention NATO-led training activities, such as exer-
    certificates cises and seminars on peace-support oper- RED CROSS AND
    ations and civil-military cooperation, at RED CRESCENT MOVEMENT
    both national and supra-regional levels.
    AUTHORITIES The National Societies of Poland and Slovakia
    The ICRC continued to support the region’s adopted new statutes. The Hungarian Red
    The ICRC continued to engage in dialogue armed forces in integrating IHL into the Cross postponed the adoption of new
    with the States of the region to foster their training programmes of military academies. statutes until 2006.
    political commitment to respect their This support included providing key IHL
    humanitarian obligations and to follow up publications in the national language, as The ICRC focused on building the dissem-
    on bilateral cooperation programmes con- well as sponsoring and organizing IHL ination and tracing capacities of the region’s
    cerning ratification and implementation of training and courses both in the countries 11 National Societies. In particular, it helped
    IHL treaties at the national level. of the region and in Austria and San Remo. prepare the Croatian Red Cross to take over
    the responsibilities and specific data related
    Thus, the ICRC encouraged accession to to missing persons.
    the few IHL treaties not yet ratified by CIVIL SOCIETY
    certain countries in the region. During the Moreover, the ICRC supported the Bulgarian
    year, Estonia acceded to the First Protocol Aiming to increase understanding of basic Red Cross at two events focusing on the
    to the Hague Convention on Cultural humanitarian principles and the organiza- promotion of the “Safer Access” approach.
    Property, while Hungary and Poland were tion’s mandate, the ICRC developed its
    in the process of becoming party to the network of contacts with journalists and Lastly, the ICRC continued to provide
    Convention’s Second Protocol. Latvia rati- carried out joint projects with media financial assistance to the Croatian Red
    fied the Ottawa Convention and Croatia agencies across the region, providing them Cross in the field of mine-risk education,
    ratified Protocol V (explosive remnants with press releases and briefings and while planning to phase out its support
    of war) to the Convention on Certain organizing media-related events. The region’s in 2006.
    Conventional Weapons. media covered a number of humanitarian
    issues, including the new additional emblem.
    The ICRC provided a number of States Furthermore, the ICRC participated
    with advice regarding draft laws to incor- actively in round-tables and workshops for
    porate the provisions of IHL treaties into journalists, as well as film festivals and
    domestic legislation. Special emphasis was photo exhibitions.
    put on drafting and supporting the adop-
    tion of or contributing to respect for legis- By the end of the year, the EHL education
    lation regulating and protecting the use of pack had been translated into five of the
    the red cross emblem. Additionally, the region’s languages: Croatian, Latvian,
    ICRC co-organized a regional seminar in Lithuanian, Polish and Slovenian. In
    Warsaw on implementation of the Hague Croatia, Latvia, Lithuania and Poland, the
    Convention on Cultural Property, in associ- EHL programme continued to be incorpo-
    ation with the Polish Ministry of Culture. rated into the educational system. In
    Croatia and Lithuania, the programme was
    Ad hoc national IHL committees were cre- extended and offered in secondary schools
    ated in the Czech Republic and Estonia. nationwide. Trainers trained numbered
    Meanwhile, the ICRC actively promoted its 17 in Croatia, 12 in Latvia, 46 in Lithuania
    study on customary international humani- and 34 in Poland. In Slovenia, the Ministry
    tarian law, cultivating contacts with govern- of Education, the National Society and the
    ment authorities throughout the region. ICRC signed a memorandum of under-
    standing, paving the way for integration of
    the EHL programme into the secondary-
    school curriculum. In Estonia, the Ministry
    of Education approved an equivalent draft
    tripartite memorandum of understanding.

    The ICRC continued to promote higher


    studies in IHL. Memoranda of understand-
    ing were signed with two new universities,
    bringing the total of such agreements to 17.
    The ICRC organized national moot-court
    competitions and a regional IHL essay com-
    petition and sponsored several training
    courses. It also organized the second regional

    240
    kyiv
    200 km The Kyiv regional delegation, in operation since
    LATVIA
    1995, promotes the integration of IHL into
    national legislation, school and university cur-
    LITHUANIA
    RUSSIAN ricula and the training programmes and codes
    FEDERATION
    MINSK RUSSIAN FEDERATION of conduct of the armed, police and security
    B EL AR US forces in the region. It visits detainees in the
    Transnistrian region of Moldova and monitors
    POLAND the treatment and conditions of security
    KYIV detainees in Belarus. The ICRC is strengthening
    cooperation with the region’s National Societies
    UKRAINE
    and helping them to address emerging needs for
    SLOVAKIA
    M O L D OVA humanitarian assistance, such as those of
    HUNGARY CHISINAU detained migrants.
    Tiraspol

    ROMANIA Simferopol

    BLACK SEA ICRC/AR.2005


    COVERING
    ICRC regional delegation Belarus, Moldova, Ukraine

    EXPENDITURE (IN CHF ,000)


    Protection 21
    Assistance -
    Prevention 1,245 CONTEXT
    Cooperation with National Societies 477
    General - All three countries of the region underwent parliament amended the criminal code in
    political transformations in the aftermath order to punish severely all “acts against
    1,744 of Ukraine’s Orange Revolution. Ukraine the people”. Control over the media was
    of which: Overheads 106 and Moldova confirmed a pro-Western also tightened.
    IMPLEMENTATION RATE stance, while Belarus reinforced its authori-
    Expenditure/yearly budget 95.7% tarian policies and pro-Russian leaning. In Moldova, parliamentary and presiden-
    tial elections saw the re-election of the
    PERSONNEL
    1 expatriate
    Ukraine’s difficult relations with Russia Communist Party and of President Voronin,
    10 national staff (daily workers not included) were exacerbated by a dispute over the price but relations with Moscow deteriorated
    of Russian natural gas. The two countries with a row over Russian natural gas. Under
    KEY POINTS were also unable to reach agreement on the a Ukrainian plan, direct talks resumed
    status of the Azov Sea and the Kerch Strait. between the Moldovan authorities and rep-
    In 2005, the ICRC: In contrast, Ukraine’s relations with the resentatives of the secessionist Transnistrian
    continued to visit the remaining detainees European Union (EU) improved signifi- region, who met twice for the first time in
    of the “Ilascu group” in Moldova’s breakaway
    cantly, with Ukraine being granted market two years. No significant progress was
    region of Transnistria; monitored the situation
    of security detainees in Belarus; launched economy status. Relations with the United made, however, and mediators worked on
    a pilot tracing programme for detained States also took a turn for the better with confidence-building measures only. For
    migrants in Ukraine in cooperation with the lifting of the Jackson-Vanik amend- the first time, the EU and the United States
    the National Society; ment, which had prevented normal took part in the talks as observers. In
    assisted the armed forces of Ukraine and trade relations between the two countries. December 2005, the EU inaugurated a two-
    Moldova in assuming responsibility for The visit of the US secretary of state in year border assistance mission to monitor
    IHL training; initiated a dissemination
    December 2005 underlined Ukraine’s new the Moldovan-Ukrainian frontier along its
    programme on human rights law and IHL
    for the police force of Transnistria; strategic role for the United States. On the Transnistrian segment.
    consolidated integration of the Exploring home front, wrangling between the win-
    Humanitarian Law programme into the ners of the 2004 presidential election led
    curricula of the region’s secondary schools; to a split within the party, and corruption
    extended the university cooperation charges took their toll. Economic prob-
    programme for the teaching of IHL to lems made serious reform impossible, and
    20 higher-education establishments in
    the three countries covered.
    at year’s end President Yushchenko had
    lost most of the credit gained with the
    Orange Revolution.

    Moves towards a union between Belarus and


    Russia gathered momentum, with the sub-
    mission of a draft constitution to national
    leaders in November 2005. Meanwhile,
    President Lukashenko decided to bring
    forward the date of presidential elections
    to March 2006 and, aiming to prevent a
    “coloured revolution”, the Belarusian

    241
    EUROPE AND THE AMERICAS KYIV

    ICRC ACTION Cooperation with the National Societies of ARMED FORCES AND OTHER
    Ukraine, Belarus and Moldova centred on BEARERS OF WEAPONS
    As planned, assisting the authorities in restoring family links, disseminating IHL
    their efforts to incorporate the provisions and providing limited medical support to In Ukraine, the ICRC intensified its efforts
    of IHL into national legislation remained a first-aid posts in the Crimean peninsula. to promote ownership of IHL training by
    priority for the ICRC. In particular, the the armed forces, resulting in a decision by
    organization maintained its support to the the organization to ensure the military’s
    national IHL committees in Belarus and PEOPLE DEPRIVED actual takeover of courses early in 2006.
    Moldova, and encouraged the government OF THEIR FREEDOM The ICRC continued to provide expertise
    of Ukraine to appoint the new members of on international human rights law and IHL
    its committee. The ICRC continued to visit the remaining for police officers preparing to be sent on
    two detainees of the “Ilascu group”, held in international peace-keeping missions. It
    The ICRC visited detainees in Moldova’s Transnistria in connection with the conflict also organized a seminar for 40 Ukrainian
    breakaway region of Transnistria. It moni- in 1992, and reported its findings to the de law-enforcement officers bound for Kosovo.
    tored the situation of people arrested and facto Minister of Justice. The ICRC main-
    detained for security reasons in Belarus. tained close contact with the Organization In Belarus, the ICRC proposed an IHL inte-
    for Security and Cooperation mission in gration strategy to the Ministry of Defence
    It was decided that a new tracing pro- Moldova when the two “Ilascu group” calling for a ministerial order demon-
    gramme to assist migrants detained in detainees needed medical assistance. strating the political will to take over IHL
    Ukraine, implemented in cooperation training and subsequently the organization
    with the National Society, would be fur- ICRC Russian-language publications on the of similar IHL courses at the military acad-
    ther extended across the country as of management of tuberculosis and HIV in emy in order to create ownership. The ICRC
    January 2006. The ICRC provided specific prisons were distributed to the penitentiary continued its efforts to assist the Ministry
    training in tracing techniques to Ukrainian authorities. of Interior in integrating human rights
    Red Cross staff from the seven new provinces law into all police training and conducted
    joining the programme. The ICRC carried out a mission in Belarus two courses on the topic for 41 senior
    and continued to collect information in police instructors.
    Significant progress was achieved in the order to monitor the situation of newly
    IHL programme for the region’s armed forces. sentenced security detainees. In Moldova, the Ministry of Defence
    Overall, the ICRC trained 420 instructors expressed interest in reinforcing ownership
    during 12 sessions. In Ukraine and Moldova, of IHL programmes previously undertaken
    the Ministries of Defence agreed to take over AUTHORITIES by the ICRC, and preparations were made
    the ICRC’s role of training their officers in for the military to open an IHL centre by
    IHL, and the ICRC agreed to provide the In Ukraine, the ICRC continued to advise mid-2006. The ICRC organized a course
    necessary guidance and support for full the authorities on accession to IHL treaties for 28 law-enforcement officers in Chisinau.
    integration of IHL into the training of the and encouraged the new Minister of Justice In Transnistria, while the military did not
    armed forces. In Belarus, discussions got to resume the activities of the IHL commit- follow up on an ICRC proposal to initiate
    under way to reach the same objective. tee, whose new members had not yet been an IHL dissemination programme, the de
    appointed. In May 2005, Ukraine ratified facto Interior Ministry agreed to cooperate
    For the first time, the ICRC was able to con- the Ottawa Convention. with the ICRC. Thus, 15 Transnistrian offi-
    duct a seminar on human rights law and cers participated in the annual IHL seminar
    IHL for police instructors in Transnistria. In Moldova, the newly composed IHL com- for regional peace-keepers, and a course in
    However, no similar progress took place mittee, in cooperation with the Moldovan human rights law and IHL was conducted for
    with the Transnistrian army. Association of International Humanitarian 29 senior instructors from the Tiraspol Law
    Law and the ICRC, conducted a study on Institute, as well as for field police officers.
    The focus of the ICRC’s Exploring the compatibility of national legislation with
    Humanitarian Law (EHL) programme was the international instruments governing
    on involving the respective Ministries of the protection of cultural property in the
    Education and encouraging them to take event of armed conflict. Consultations on the
    the lead in coordinating the extension of ratification of the Rome Statute continued.
    the programme nationwide. Agreements
    were signed to this effect with the educa- In Belarus, with encouragement from the
    tion authorities of Moldova and Belarus, as ICRC, the IHL committee met to discuss
    well as with the de facto education authori- a plan of action for 2006 following a two-
    ties of Transnistria. Regional resource year lull.
    centres were created and university IHL lec-
    turers enlisted in the training of secondary-
    school teachers.

    Throughout the region, the ICRC expanded


    contacts with academic circles in particular,
    but also with the media and NGOs, provid-
    ing them with detailed information on IHL
    and the Movement.

    242
    ICRC ANNUAL REPORT 2005

    CIVIL SOCIETY RED CROSS AND


    RED CRESCENT MOVEMENT
    Raising awareness of IHL
    In its contacts with the media, the ICRC In Ukraine, the ICRC continued to support
    focused on promoting IHL and highlight- the National Society in its efforts to make
    ing matters of humanitarian concern. For headway on the large Second World War
    example, a press conference on the addi- caseload of information requests. More-
    tional emblem was held jointly with the over, the ICRC supported the extension of
    Ukrainian National Society. The Kyiv dele- the National Society’s tracing programme
    gation published a leaflet on its activities for detained irregular migrants. During the
    in English, Russian and Ukrainian, and a year, 1,065 RCMs were collected, 361 phone
    monthly newsletter was launched to inform calls made to families and 64 identification
    academic circles on IHL-related issues. forms faxed to embassies.

    IHL and future decision-makers An agreement was signed permitting visits


    The ICRC increased its contacts with to migrant camps in seven new provinces in
    selected universities to promote the study Ukraine in 2006, and in preparation for
    of IHL as an integral part of law, interna- such visits the ICRC organized a seminar
    tional relations and journalism courses. for 21 tracing volunteers. It issued 29 travel
    Students from the region were sponsored to documents to foreign nationals to facilitate
    attend the IHL summer schools in Moscow their resettlement in third/host countries.
    and Warsaw, and the ICRC ran national The ICRC also supported the National
    student IHL essay competitions in Ukraine Society’s Crimean branch by supplying and
    and Moldova. It also organized the annual equipping its first-aid points, which in 2005
    Moldovan moot-court competition in benefited over 22,000 vulnerable Tatar
    Transnistria, with the participation of the returnees and isolated elderly people.
    Minsk State University, and the first
    Ukrainian IHL moot-court competition in In Belarus, the National Society developed
    Crimea. Consultations on the launch of a a consistent dissemination policy and, with
    similar moot-court competition were con- ICRC support, made progress in its cooper-
    ducted with the Belarusian State University. ation with the education authorities.

    Exploring Humanitarian Law 274 people attended lectures on IHL


    In the three countries, the ICRC gave its and the Fundamental Principles
    EHL partners guidance in designing strat- delivered by dissemination field staff
    egy and consolidated integration of the 4 regional branches conducted training
    programme in secondary-school curricula. in interactive dissemination methods
    Teachers benefited from the opening of for National Society staff and teachers
    15 regional resource centres. The ICRC of the EHL programme
    financed the printing and distribution of 5 regional branches participated
    the programme textbook. It continued to in completion of youth projects
    support training sessions, seminars, work- initiated by pupils taking part in the
    shops, round-tables and conferences, EHL programme
    both national and regional, while working
    towards handing over responsibility for In Moldova, the ICRC supported the
    their organization to the education National Society in hiring a new dissemi-
    authorities. EHL teachers and Ministry nation officer. In Transnistria, following
    of Education officials from Belarus, the signing of an agreement on implemen-
    Moldova/Transnistria, Ukraine and Mongolia tation of the EHL programme with the de
    gathered for summer courses in Ukraine facto education authorities, a training
    and Moldova. session for 75 teachers was conducted by
    the ICRC and the National Society.

    243
    moscow
    The Moscow delegation, which opened in 1992, com-
    Elista bines operational functions in the Russian Federation
    KALMYKIA
    MOSCOW
    with regional functions for other members of the
    R U S S I A N F E D E R AT I O N
    RU SSI AN FED ERATIO N Nalchik
    Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS). In the
    STAVROPOL KRAI
    Russian Federation, the ICRC assists vulnerable popu-
    KRASNODAR Stavropol
    lations affected by the conflict in Chechnya, in cooper-
    KRAI
    ation with the Russian Red Cross Society, and helps
    CASPIAN
    Maykop
    Chernokosovo SEA build the capacity of the National Society in the northern
    Mozdok
    ADYGEA
    KABARDINO-INGUSHETIA
    CHECHNYA
    Caucasus. The ICRC seeks to gain access, in accordance
    KARACHAYEVO- Grozny Gudermes
    Nalchik
    Karachayevsk Nazran Argun Khasavyurt with its standard procedures, to all persons detained in
    BALKARIA NORTH Vedeno Makhachkala
    CHERKESSKAYA Vladikavkaz
    OSSETIA
    DAGHESTAN connection with the conflict in Chechnya. In all the
    countries covered, it runs long-term communication
    GEORGIA
    programmes to promote IHL and foster understanding
    of the ICRC’s mandate and work
    BLACK SEA AZERBAIJAN
    ARMENIA
    100 km TURKEY ICRC/AR.2005
    COVERING
    The Russian Federation, with specialized services for
    ICRC regional delegation ICRC sub-delegation ICRC office
    Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Moldova, Ukraine
    ICRC-supported prosthetic/orthotic centre
    and parts of Central Asia

    EXPENDITURE (IN CHF ,000)


    Protection 1,859
    Assistance 21,141
    Prevention 5,317 CONTEXT
    Cooperation with National Societies 2,381
    General 17 In the northern Caucasus, the security The disputed Prigorodny district came back
    situation deteriorated as a series of bloody into the political spotlight following the
    30,715 incidents took place across the region. submission of a border-demarcation pro-
    of which: Overheads 1,828 Economic conditions remained bleak, with posal by the Ingush parliament. During
    IMPLEMENTATION RATE high rates of unemployment. Spring floods talks on the issue, the presidents of the
    Expenditure/yearly budget 94.4% in Chechnya, Daghestan, Ingushetia and republics of Ingushetia and North Ossetia
    Kabardino-Balkaria forced hundreds of discussed the possible return of displaced
    PERSONNEL
    27 expatriates
    families to evacuate their homes. Ingush to their places of origin. Some fam-
    344 national staff (daily workers not included) ilies continued to return spontaneously to
    In Chechnya, attacks by the armed oppo- North Ossetia.
    KEY POINTS sition persisted, while mines and other
    explosive remnants of war still posed a
    In 2005, the ICRC: problem for civilians as they went about
    pursued discussions with the relevant their daily lives. Many people continued to
    authorities on access to people arrested in
    suffer from lack of adequate shelter and
    connection with the conflict in Chechnya;
    began a new family visits programme access to water, gas and electricity.
    enabling relatives to visit ICRC-registered
    detainees held in penitentiary colonies Attacks against the police and government
    in remote republics; continued to collect representatives rose sharply in Daghestan
    allegations of arrests and disappearances but decreased again towards the end of the
    and transmit them to the authorities year. The security situation also worsened
    with the aim of obtaining information
    in Ingushetia, with regular attacks on
    for the families;
    conducted an assessment of the needs of government representatives. An attack by
    vulnerable people in Chechnya, Daghestan armed militants in Nalchik in Kabardino-
    and Ingushetia; signed an agreement with Balkaria in October was a further sign that
    a company to maintain medical equipment violence linked to the conflict in Chechnya
    in the 10 ICRC-assisted hospitals in had spilled over into other republics in
    Chechnya; the northern Caucasus. Meanwhile, in
    continued to implement long-term
    programmes to promote IHL among the
    Karachayevo-Cherkesskaya, where clashes
    authorities, armed and security forces and occurred in early 2005, the situation
    civil society; remained stable for the rest of the year.
    continued to assist the Russian Red Cross
    with its tracing service and IHL department In North Ossetia, the parliamentary com-
    and to strengthen the operational response mission concluded its investigation of the
    capacities of its northern Caucasus branches.
    school siege in Beslan and published a
    report. The trial began of the only captured
    hostage-taker.

    244
    ICRC ANNUAL REPORT 2005

    MAIN FIGURES AND INDICATORS

    RESTORING FAMILY LINKS CIVILIANS


    Red Cross messages (RCMs) and reunifications Economic security, water and habitat
    RCMs collected 207 Food Beneficiaries 80,866
    RCMs distributed 259 Essential household items Beneficiaries 90,020
    Tracing requests, including cases of missing persons Agricultural inputs and micro-economic initiatives Beneficiaries 352
    People for whom a tracing request was newly registered 470 Water-supply schemes and sanitation systems
    Tracing requests closed positively (persons located) 22 (completed projects) Beneficiaries 175,175
    Tracing requests still being handled at 31 December 2005 1,433 Habitat structures Beneficiaries 5,907
    DOCUMENTS ISSUED WOUNDED AND SICK
    People to whom travel documents were issued 84 Hospitals supported Structures 15 1
    People to whom a detention attestation was issued 4 Admissions Patients 93,629
    Operations Operations performed 25,197
    Physical rehabilitation
    Patients receiving services Patients 953
    Prostheses delivered Pieces 268
    Orthoses delivered Pieces 55
    1. Of which 12 hospitals supported on a monthly basis

    ICRC ACTION essential household items in all three As in the past, the ICRC worked closely
    republics and ran micro-economic projects with the Russian Red Cross, with a focus on
    While the security situation in the northern in Chechnya. It supported the Russian Red strengthening the capacities of branches in
    Caucasus remained extremely volatile, ICRC Cross branches in Kabardino-Balkaria and the northern Caucasus.
    access to Chechnya improved, with expatri- Ingushetia in assisting around 900 elderly or
    ate delegates making regular visits to the housebound people and some 650 children The ICRC still had no news of its Grozny
    republic. Protection activities remained an by donating essential household items. staff member, Usman Saidaliev, abducted
    operational priority for the ICRC. The organ- The ICRC, at times in cooperation with the by unidentified armed men at his home in
    ization continued to discuss detention visits, local branch of the Russian Red Cross, car- Chechnya in August 2003.
    suspended in 2004, with the Russian author- ried out occasional distributions of mainly
    ities, seeking a resumption of the visits essential household items to hardship cases
    according to its standard procedures. following extraordinary events such as floods, CIVILIANS
    fires, arrests and displacements. It contin-
    The ICRC started to finance yearly family ued to support the local authorities in the Increased mobility enabled ICRC expatri-
    visits to detainees serving their sentences rehabilitation and maintenance of infra- ates to maintain a regular presence through-
    in penitentiary colonies in the Russian structure, such as water and sewage works, out the northern Caucasus and to listen to
    Federation. in Chechnya, Daghestan and Ingushetia. the concerns of the population. In parallel,
    the ICRC worked to strengthen its network
    The ICRC kept up a dialogue with the As planned, the ICRC continued to provide with the relevant authorities, particularly
    authorities on missing persons and respect assistance to 12 hospitals in the northern with a view to promoting respect for the
    for the rights of civilians, particularly resi- Caucasus, 10 of which were in Chechnya, rights of civilians.
    dents and IDPs in Chechnya, Daghestan with the aim of reinforcing health services in
    and Ingushetia. It also collected allegations the region. An agreement was signed with Restoring family links
    of arrests and disappearances and transmit- a company based in Nalchik to maintain The ICRC continued to gather reports of
    ted them to the authorities with the aim of medical equipment. alleged arrests and disappearances in
    providing information to the families con- Chechnya, Daghestan, Ingushetia and
    cerned. A seminar on the missing organized The ICRC pursued its long-term pro- Kabardino-Balkaria. The organization urged
    in Grozny for representatives from the grammes of promoting IHL among the the authorities to investigate these reports
    Chechen Republic and the Southern District authorities, armed and security forces and and provide answers to relatives.
    of the Russian Federation allowed partici- civil society and of encouraging the imple-
    pants to enhance their knowledge of exhu- mentation of IHL treaties. To clarify the fate of missing persons who
    mation and identification processes. could be dead, the ICRC continued to
    The Moscow-based ICRC regional com- explore the option of offering technical
    To understand better how conflict had munication centre continued to play an assistance to the authorities in the estab-
    affected the livelihoods of people across important role in coordinating and sup- lishment of a centralized ante-mortem and
    the region and to continue to improve its porting long-term communication and post-mortem database. A first seminar
    response, the ICRC undertook a vulnera- prevention programmes. The organization organized in Grozny for representatives
    bility needs assessment in Chechnya, built contacts with the media, as well as with from the Chechen Republic and the
    Daghestan and Ingushetia. While food universities, NGOs and think-tanks con- Southern District of the Russian Federation
    assistance programmes in the northern cerned with IHL and humanitarian issues. allowed participants to enhance their
    Caucasus had ceased in 2004, the organiza- knowledge about the ICRC’s expertise
    tion continued to provide people with related to the missing persons issue.

    245
    EUROPE AND THE AMERICAS MOSCOW

    99 RCMs distributed and 94 RCMs In Ingushetia and Daghestan: the Khasavyurt water board to rehabilitate
    collected two water-pumping stations supplying
    84 travel documents issued to enable 8,105 mattresses, 70,061 hygiene kits, some 120,000 people. In Ingushetia, in col-
    people to resettle in third countries 292,572 kg of sugar, 72,113 litres of oil, laboration with the government, the ICRC
    470 new cases of persons sought by 30,921 bed-linen sets, 30,834 towel sets, began the Karabulak water-supply and
    their families registered; 22 located; 30,593 pillows distributed Psedakh pipeline-extension projects aiming
    1,433 (of which 50 women and 11,815 summer clothes sets, to serve an estimated 13,000 people, half
    40 minors at the time of disappearance) 22,794 pairs of shoes and boots of whom were IDPs.
    still being handled by the end of 2005 for children, 11,348 winter jackets
    distributed Mine-affected communities
    Assistance to the most vulnerable Landmines and other explosive remnants of
    The ICRC undertook a needs assessment Improving general living conditions war constituted a perennial threat to the resi-
    among vulnerable people in Chechnya, In Chechnya, the living conditions of people dent population in Chechnya and displaced
    Daghestan and Ingushetia to develop a affected by the conflict remained poor. people upon their return home. Working
    better understanding of the economic sit- The ICRC pursued its efforts to ensure that with the media, local authorities and parents,
    uation and coping strategies of people shelter rehabilitation met basic standards. the ICRC endeavoured to alert the popula-
    affected by the armed conflict in Chechnya. tion, and especially children, to the dangers
    During the year, the ICRC: of mines through its mine-risk education
    In Chechnya, the ICRC continued to assist programmes, promoting correct behaviour
    the most vulnerable people by providing completed refurbishment of 2 collective in mine-contaminated environments.
    over 44,000 beneficiaries with essential centres in Grozny and Gudermes
    household items and food-preservation (2,044 beneficiaries) and began another The ICRC supported the construction of
    goods. The organization also assisted over in Argun (382 beneficiaries); 15 safe play areas for children. It provided
    50 households (approximately 350 benefi- installed hygiene facilities serving materials for “Danger: mines” murals to be
    ciaries) through micro-economic projects, 3 collective centres in Sernovodskaya painted in 30 Chechen schools and sup-
    enabling them to generate regular additional (1,800 beneficiaries); ported mine-awareness initiatives targeting
    income. One-off distributions of mainly rehabilitated the Kurchaloi hospital, children through TV programmes, news-
    essential household items were made to Gudermes paediatric hospital, papers and puppet theatre.
    more than 4,500 hardship cases. Nadterechnyi hospital and Darbankhi
    psychiatric hospital, and began work
    The ICRC continued to support the Russian in Nadterechnyi polyclinic and PEOPLE DEPRIVED
    Red Cross visiting-nurses programme by Achoi Martan hospital; OF THEIR FREEDOM
    providing food and hygiene kits to assist set up children’s playgrounds in
    more than 700 beneficiaries in Chechnya 4 collective centres in Grozny After encountering difficulties concerning
    and over 1,500 beneficiaries in Daghestan (2,500 beneficiaries); full respect for its agreed standard proce-
    and Ingushetia. provided 198 heating stoves to schools dures for visits to people detained in con-
    and social institutions. nection with the Chechen conflict, the ICRC
    In Chechnya: suspended all visits to places of detention in
    Heavy damage to infrastructure in Grozny the Russian Federation in September 2004.
    156,667 units of bedding (mattresses, curtailed access to clean water. An ICRC- Throughout 2005, the organization pur-
    bed linen, pillows and towels), operated pumping station provided around sued its dialogue with the authorities, both
    49,726 blankets, 49,507 barrels/buckets, 45,000 beneficiaries with safe drinking at regional and federal levels, but with no
    7,930 tarpaulins, 598 kitchen sets, water. In the capital and elsewhere, the definitive results.
    93,002 hygiene kits, 200 kg of soap, organization supported local water boards
    496,955 candles, 8,044 food parcels, by supplying them with equipment for the The ICRC initiated a family visits pro-
    382,411 kg of sugar, 95,653 litres of oil, rehabilitation and maintenance of water- gramme to assist close relatives in visiting
    41,729 winter jackets and 24,250 pairs pumping and sewage networks and by ICRC-registered detainees held in remote
    of rubber shoes for adults distributed contributing to the renovation of electrical penitentiary colonies. The ICRC continued
    16,386 summer clothes sets, installations and boreholes. to provide the authorities with lists of sup-
    33,861 pairs of shoes and boots for posed detainees, seeking to establish confir-
    children distributed The ICRC regularly met the authorities in mation of their presence in, transfer to or
    Ingushetia and Daghestan to address basic release from particular places of detention
    In Ingushetia and Daghestan, the ICRC needs such as water supply and sanitation so as to keep the families informed.
    provided approximately 28,500 and and provided essential household items to
    8,500 IDPs respectively with essential the most vulnerable IDP groups. Thus, 113 RCMs collected from and
    household items and food-preservation water facilities were upgraded in 20 locations 160 distributed to detainees
    goods. One-off distributions of mainly in Ingushetia (over 6,900 beneficiaries) and 209 detainees benefited from family
    essential household items were made to three locations in Daghestan (7,245 host visits supported by the ICRC
    more than 1,500 hardship cases mostly in residents and IDP beneficiaries). In
    Ingushetia and Daghestan. Daghestan, the ICRC supported a Russian
    Red Cross project to improve access to
    water for 500 schoolchildren in Novo
    Stroy. Also in Daghestan, the ICRC pro-
    vided electro-mechanical equipment to

    246
    ICRC ANNUAL REPORT 2005

    WOUNDED AND SICK AUTHORITIES For the armed forces:

    In Chechnya, the ICRC continued to sup- The ICRC continued to offer advice and 6 IHL train-the-trainer courses organized
    port 10 hospitals and the central blood assistance to the authorities, both in the at the Senezh training centre;
    bank, and it assisted hospital departments Russian Federation and in other CIS coun- 4 IHL courses held for officers in the
    by improving infrastructure and donating tries, in acceding to relevant IHL treaties northern Caucasus military district
    equipment such as X-ray machines and and adopting national measures to imple- several workshops conducted for IHL
    laboratory consumables. In Daghestan and ment their provisions. instructors from advanced training
    Ingushetia, ICRC assistance focused on institutions and military secondary
    surgery and emergencies in one hospital in With ICRC encouragement, the Russian schools run by the Ministry of Defence
    each republic. The ICRC signed an agree- authorities conducted a study on the com- participation of officer cadets in IHL
    ment with a medical equipment mainte- patibility of national legislation with IHL courses in San Remo, Ukraine and
    nance company in Nalchik to maintain the requirements for the protection of cultural Kazakhstan sponsored
    equipment in Chechen hospitals and train property. Additionally, a study on the com- meetings of an independent working
    medical staff in its use. patibility of national legislation with IHL group on the implementation of IHL
    requirements concerning the missing was within the armed forces of the Russian
    Ad hoc emergency support was also pro- prepared by national experts and the results Federation organized
    vided in the form of surgical kits to treat shared with the ICRC. In April, the ICRC an IHL competition for military
    the wounded. participated in a round-table on the pro- secondary schools held
    tection of human dignity organized by the the 6th General Skobelev competition
    93,629 patients treated in ICRC- Interparliamentary Assembly of the CIS. on the law and customs of war
    supported hospitals, including The event was devoted in large part to the organized for officer schools
    707 wounded by weapons or mines, and issue of missing persons and concluded
    25,197 surgical operations performed with a commitment by the participants to For the police and security forces:
    blood-screening and -collection develop a model law on the issue.
    materials supplied to the Grozny central 3 IHL/international human rights law
    blood bank to which 7,971 people In November, the ICRC organized a round- seminars conducted for trainers and
    donated blood table on IHL for State officials and repre- officers of the Russian Ministry of
    46 medical specialists sponsored by the sentatives of academic circles and officially the Interior
    ICRC to attend various training sessions presented the authorities and law professors 2 IHL/international human rights law
    23 surgeons from the northern with the results of its study on customary seminars held for police and interior
    Caucasus attended an ICRC war-surgery international humanitarian law. troops officers from across the CIS
    seminar in Sochi 2 competitions organized, one for police
    37 medical journals in Russian regularly In the northern Caucasus, the ICRC main- and one for interior troops training
    made available to ICRC-supported tained and developed contacts with the establishments
    hospitals relevant authorities at all levels, including
    with the presidents of Chechnya, Kabardino-
    With some 9,000 people estimated to have Balkaria and Karachayevo-Cherkesskaya. CIVIL SOCIETY
    been physically disabled as a result of the Besides presenting its principles and work-
    hostilities in Chechnya, significant num- ing methods, the organization voiced a num- Raising awareness of IHL
    bers of amputees and other handicapped ber of humanitarian concerns and outlined Aiming for coverage as a globally active,
    people required rehabilitation services its plan of action and activities. neutral and independent humanitarian
    at the Grozny prosthetic/orthotic centre, organization working in conflict, the ICRC
    which received technical support from maintained contacts with the media at local
    the ICRC. To address long-term needs, ARMED FORCES AND OTHER and national levels and highlighted its
    the ICRC continued to train specialized BEARERS OF WEAPONS activities in the Russian Federation. In
    Chechen staff from the centre. In October, Moscow, the first IHL competition for
    six newly recruited staff members started The ICRC maintained cooperation with the journalism students was held, and two
    their training in prosthetics and orthotics Ministry of Defence on the issue of inte- photo exhibitions illustrating humanitarian
    in St Petersburg, with the financial support grating IHL into all aspects of military issues and ICRC operations in Africa were
    of the ICRC. training. It continued to support train-the- mounted. In the northern Caucasus, several
    trainer courses on IHL for the armed forces. events were organized to promote knowl-
    953 patients received specialized Training courses in San Remo were pro- edge of IHL and the ICRC’s mandate,
    treatment at the Grozny prosthetic/ vided for high-ranking officers from both such as the “Play by the rules” football
    orthotic centre the armed forces and the police. With the championships in Chechnya and Ingushetia
    268 prostheses (201 for victims of Ministry of the Interior, the ICRC worked and “open house” days for journalists in
    mines and other explosive remnants towards integrating applicable human Chechnya and Daghestan.
    of war) and 55 orthoses delivered rights and humanitarian norms into the
    training of the police and security forces. IHL in schools
    The ICRC pursued its programme to
    In the northern Caucasus, the ICRC also familiarize pupils in secondary schools and
    organized a number of IHL dissemination military colleges across the Russian
    sessions and seminars for the armed forces Federation with the basic principles of IHL
    and police. and humanitarian action. Long-term IHL

    247
    EUROPE AND THE AMERICAS MOSCOW

    teacher-training programmes continued RED CROSS AND In North Ossetia, following the
    throughout the region. CD-ROM and RED CRESCENT MOVEMENT September 2004 school siege in Beslan,
    print teaching materials were prepared and the National Society, with the support of
    several extracurricular events were organ- The ICRC continued to work closely with the International Federation, opened a
    ized to foster understanding of basic IHL the Russian Red Cross, providing technical psycho-social centre in the town. In 2005,
    rules. Qualitative and quantitative evalua- and financial support and training to its it continued to provide medical and other
    tions were undertaken by the Ministry of IHL dissemination department and tracing assistance to victims of the siege and their
    Education. service. Staff were trained to give presenta- families.
    tions on the Fundamental Principles, for
    IHL and future decision-makers example, and over 35,100 requests for infor-
    The ICRC reinforced its close partnership mation mostly related to the Second World
    with leading academic institutions in the War were processed.
    Russian Federation and other CIS coun-
    tries. An IHL teaching kit was prepared, and In order to strengthen the 13 Red Cross
    the first IHL summer school for law lec- branches situated in southern Russia and
    turers and students was organized in coop- the northern Caucasus, the ICRC, the
    eration with the Russian Red Cross. The International Federation and the National
    ICRC held the fifth Martens Readings Society agreed to implement a long-term
    conference on the issue of missing persons internal development plan based on an in-
    and customary rules of IHL, as well as a num- depth assessment of capacities.
    ber of moot-court competitions, including
    in Nalchik and Stavropol, for law students The newly re-established Red Cross branch
    from the region. in Chechnya assumed responsibility for
    joint ICRC and National Society pro-
    grammes there. These included home visits
    by nurses to elderly bedridden people, the
    running of playgroups for three- to six-year-
    olds and the provision of psychological
    support.

    248
    skopje
    SERBIA and MONTENEGRO
    MONTENEGRO
    The ICRC, present in the Former Yugoslav Republic
    Bajram Curri
    KOSOVO
    of Macedonia (FYR Macedonia) since 1993, visits
    BULGARIA
    detainees and promotes the implementation of
    Kukes
    Shkoder Tetovo IHL. It is increasing its cooperation activities with
    SKOPJE
    the National Society, which is under new leader-
    Gostivar
    AL BAN I A ship, mainly in the field of dissemination. In
    F O R M E R Y U GO SL AV
    TIRANA REPUBLIC of MACEDONIA
    Albania, where it has been present since 1997, the
    ICRC supports the Albanian Red Cross in raising
    Elbasan Ohrid
    civilians’ awareness of the danger of mines and
    other explosive remnants of war and in develop-
    Fier
    Korce ing its tracing and dissemination capacities.
    Vlora

    GREECE
    Gjirokaster
    ADRIATIC
    Saranda
    SEA
    50 km
    ICRC/AR.2005
    COVERING
    ICRC regional delegation Albania, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia

    EXPENDITURE (IN CHF ,000)


    Protection 375
    Assistance -
    Prevention 874 CONTEXT
    Cooperation with National Societies 423
    General - The general situation in Albania and the In Albania, the July parliamentary elections
    FYR Macedonia remained stable and free dominated most of the political activity.
    1,673 of security incidents, while the political The final results of these elections were
    of which: Overheads 102 agenda in both countries was largely taken made public in September and resulted in
    IMPLEMENTATION RATE up with their respective elections and EU a shift of power from the Socialist Party of
    Expenditure/yearly budget 86.6% integration. Fatos Nano to the Democratic Party of Sali
    Berisha. The Albanian parliament passed
    PERSONNEL
    4 expatriates
    The March local elections in the FYR two major pieces of legislation during 2005,
    22 national staff (daily workers not included) Macedonia saw the ruling coalition of the one on property restitution and the other
    Social Democratic Alliance of Macedonia on reform of the electoral process, the latter
    KEY POINTS and the Democratic Union for Integration involving the Organization for Security and
    gain control of 51 out of 85 municipalities. Co-operation in Europe.
    In 2005, the ICRC:
    continued to visit detainees falling within Implementation of the Ohrid Framework Both Albania and the FYR Macedonia, as
    its mandate and to assess their conditions
    Agreement, which was signed in 2001 and signatories to the Adriatic Charter, took
    of detention;
    presented the findings of a study on IHL ended the conflict in the FYR Macedonia, steps to fulfil the requirements for integra-
    implementation in the FYR Macedonia was completed, with all the relevant laws tion into the European Union (EU) and
    to the authorities; adopted by parliament. As part of the NATO. Concerning EU integration, both
    participated in NATO military exercises process of decentralization, the number of countries made progress. Albania com-
    and training activities; worked towards municipalities was reduced by over 30%. pleted the groundwork for a Stabilization
    the integration of IHL into the training Reforms to the penitentiary system, police and Association Agreement with the EU,
    programmes of the armed forces of the
    and judiciary were carried out as part of hoping to sign it in early 2006. The European
    countries covered;
    continued to promote the teaching of the the agreement. Council granted the FYR Macedonia
    Exploring Humanitarian Law programme the status of country candidate for EU
    and tested the programme’s short path in The number of IDPs registered in the FYR membership.
    13 schools in the FYR Macedonia. Macedonia continued to decrease. The last
    800 or so were reluctant, however, to return
    to their homes, citing security concerns.
    The government and the association of IDPs
    were still unable to come to an agreement
    on an offer of financial assistance to the
    remaining IDPs or their transfer to private
    accommodation in an attempt to close all
    collective centres. More court proceedings
    were brought against the government by
    IDPs demanding material and financial
    compensation for damage suffered during
    the crisis.

    249
    EUROPE AND THE AMERICAS SKOPJE

    MAIN FIGURES AND INDICATORS

    PEOPLE DEPRIVED OF THEIR FREEDOM (All categories/all statuses) 1


    Detainees visited 19
    Detainees visited and monitored individually 19
    Number of visits carried out 8
    Number of places of detention visited 4
    RESTORING FAMILY LINKS
    Tracing requests, including cases of missing persons
    People for whom a tracing request was newly registered 1
    Tracing requests closed positively (persons located) 2
    Tracing requests still being handled at 31 December 2005 14
    1. FYR Macedonia only

    ICRC ACTION CIVILIANS The FYR Macedonian Ministry of the


    Interior provided the ICRC with a response
    The main focus of the ICRC’s work in the Although ICRC support for IDP income- to a comprehensive report on the treatment
    region was the promotion of IHL in coop- generating projects drew to a close at the of detainees in police custody. The organ-
    eration with a broad range of partners. How- end of 2004, the organization continued ization followed up in writing and inten-
    ever, apart from carrying out a study on to follow developments affecting IDPs in sified its dialogue with the authorities,
    IHL implementation in the FYR Macedonia, the FYR Macedonia. The number of IDPs aiming to contribute to ongoing efforts to
    little headway was made in achieving the decreased from around 1,400 at the begin- improve policing and respect for basic
    major objectives in this domain. ning of 2005 to some 800 at year’s end. human rights in the FYR Macedonia.

    Good relations were maintained with the The ICRC was one of the few international
    Albanian and FYR Macedonian Ministries organizations in the FYR Macedonia to AUTHORITIES
    of Defence, and the ICRC participated maintain regular contact with the relatives
    actively in NATO exercises in both coun- of persons missing in relation to the con- Although the ICRC maintained close con-
    tries. Efforts were pursued to integrate IHL flict in 2001. In February, the ICRC submit- tact with the relevant authorities, supplying
    into the training programmes of the armed ted an updated list of persons unaccounted information when requested on the imple-
    forces. for to the Ministry of the Interior with a mentation of IHL, progress on major IHL
    request for further government action to objectives was sluggish.
    The ICRC continued to promote the teach- provide relevant information to the fami-
    ing of the Exploring Humanitarian Law lies. At the end of the year, the number In the FYR Macedonia, the planned estab-
    (EHL) programme in schools. The testing of tracing requests still being handled lishment of a national IHL committee failed
    of the modules progressed well in the FYR stood at 14. to take place owing to the crowded politi-
    Macedonia, and talks with the Albanian cal agenda. Preparations for its creation
    Ministry of Education got under way with continued, however, with a study carried
    the help of the National Society. PEOPLE DEPRIVED out on IHL implementation – the future
    OF THEIR FREEDOM committee’s main working document – the
    A regional IHL moot-court competition findings of which were presented to a panel
    was organized by the ICRC in Skopje, in In the FYR Macedonia, the ICRC visited of legal experts from various ministries.
    which 30 law students from five Balkan two people arrested in relation to secu-
    countries participated. rity incidents that had occurred in 2003. In Albania, political activity surrounding
    Furthermore, it visited two new pre-trial the parliamentary elections provided little
    The ICRC maintained its support to the detainees accused of planting a bomb that opportunity for IHL implementation. Never-
    National Societies of Albania and the FYR exploded in the yard of a police station in theless, the ICRC worked closely with the
    Macedonia to help strengthen their struc- Skopje in July 2005. Albanian Red Cross, holding discussions
    tures and improve the effectiveness of their with the Ministry of Justice, with the result
    tracing, dissemination and mine-risk edu- 19 detainees visited and monitored that the Ministry and the ICRC together
    cation programmes. individually during 8 visits to 4 places began finalizing an official translation of
    of detention the 1977 Additional Protocols.
    The ICRC carried on with downscaling and
    restructuring its activities in Albania and The ICRC did not obtain access to
    the FYR Macedonia. Following the closure two Albanian citizens arrested in April 2005
    of the ICRC mission in Albania in in the FYR Macedonia and charged with
    December 2004, operational activities in the acts of terrorism, despite numerous repre-
    FYR Macedonia were substantially reduced sentations. It continued to discuss this
    in 2005. It was decided that as of 2006 the matter with the authorities, and meetings
    ICRC regional delegation in Skopje would were held at both national and interna-
    become a mission coordinated by the tional levels in order to obtain unhindered
    Belgrade regional delegation. access to pre-trial detainees.

    250
    ICRC ANNUAL REPORT 2005

    ARMED FORCES AND OTHER cooperation with the National Society, the Albanian Mine Action Executive continued,
    BEARERS OF WEAPONS ICRC submitted an EHL project proposal two areas were declared free of mines, and
    to the Ministry of Education. no mine accidents were reported in 2005.
    The armed forces of Albania and the FYR
    Macedonia continued to undergo restruc- IHL was taught in five faculties of two uni- 14 new volunteer disseminators
    turing and downsizing as a requirement for versities in the FYR Macedonia. Moreover, trained to assist the Red Cross of
    future full membership of NATO. The an independent study was finalized, analys- the FYR Macedonia
    ICRC was involved in the supranational ing the quality and quantity of IHL courses 11 Albanian Red Cross branch
    NATO-organized military exercises in in the country. The results were used by the secretaries trained in dissemination
    Albania and the FYR Macedonia in 2005. ICRC to strengthen contacts with universi- matters and 21 workers trained in
    Besides being an active role-player, the ties and to further promote IHL teaching. tracing matters
    ICRC delivered presentations to all partici- The ICRC organized a regional IHL moot- 3,987 people participated in
    pants, explaining the specific mandates and court competition in Skopje in December, 118 community meetings in 3 mine-
    activities of the ICRC and the National bringing together law students from five affected regions in Albania
    Societies, as well as the ICRC perspective on Balkan countries. In addition, the ICRC
    civil-military relations in times of conflict supported the participation of students in
    and in disaster-relief operations. IHL training in Warsaw and Belgrade.

    During the year, the ICRC: 19 teachers and 2,250 pupils reached
    during the testing of the EHL short path
    took part in pre-deployment briefings 30 law students from the region
    of the South-Eastern Europe Brigade participated in a regional IHL moot-
    and the training of Special Forces in court competition in Skopje
    the FYR Macedonia; 5 students participated in IHL training
    held human rights law/IHL operational courses in Warsaw and Belgrade
    planning seminars for regular and special
    police forces in the FYR Macedonia;
    coordinated train-the-trainer seminars RED CROSS AND
    for the Albanian army. RED CRESCENT MOVEMENT

    In a move aimed at strengthening the


    CIVIL SOCIETY effectiveness of the Red Cross of the FYR
    Macedonia, standard procedures were
    The ICRC continued to cultivate its con- jointly developed for use by local admin-
    tacts with the media in the FYR Macedonia istrative and operational staff and ICRC
    to promote coverage of its activities and cooperation staff when planning, report-
    humanitarian concerns. In addition to ing and budgeting. The ICRC also helped
    providing briefings to journalists, the reinforce capacities in crisis management
    ICRC distributed reference material on and disaster preparedness. The National
    IHL after two citizens were charged by the Society finalized and adopted a develop-
    International Criminal Tribunal for the ment plan for 2006–10. A joint evaluation
    former Yugoslavia. of the FYR Macedonia’s dissemination
    approach reached its final stage. The ICRC
    In the FYR Macedonia, the ICRC tested the continued to progressively hand over the
    EHL short path, consisting of nine hours Promoting Humanitarian Values programme
    in the school curriculum, in 13 schools to the Skopje branch of the Red Cross,
    (nine secondary vocational and four pri- while working on a strategy to link the pro-
    mary). For this purpose, a four-day training gramme more closely with National Society
    session and two one-day consultations dissemination activities. The ICRC spon-
    were organized in Macedonian, Albanian sored the creation of a dissemination and
    and Turkish for teachers. The results of the communication centre at headquarters.
    testing were to be used in deciding whether
    to include the EHL short path in second- The Albanian Red Cross continued to
    ary vocational education or primary educa- develop dissemination capacities at head-
    tion on a more permanent basis. As part of quarters and branch level. The National
    the testing process, school competitions on Society’s revised tracing policy was approved
    EHL were organized, with the best 30 stu- and direct assistance was provided to fam-
    dents and 15 teachers participating in ilies with tracing needs. The ICRC con-
    another two-day competition. An expert tinued to support the National Society’s
    working group’s analytical report on the mine-risk education work. In addition, five
    field testing recommended to the Bureau schools completed mine-risk education
    for Education Development that the EHL murals, and 4,000 copies of a locally created
    short path be included in the final year comic book were distributed in mine-
    of primary education. In Albania, in affected zones. Close cooperation with the

    251
    ankara
    MOLDOVA
    UKRAINE RUSSIAN FEDERATION Based on an agreement with the Turkish author-
    ities and in direct relation to the conflict in
    neighbouring Iraq, the ICRC opened a tempo-
    ROMANIA
    GEORGIA rary mission in Ankara in April 2003. ICRC
    ARMENIA activities in connection with the situation in
    BULGARIA
    Iraq focus mainly on protection issues. Other
    IRAN ICRC activities in Turkey include supporting
    ISTANBUL
    GREECE
    ANKARA the authorities in the implementation of IHL
    and assisting the armed forces in integrating
    TU RKEY IHL into their training programmes. In addi-
    tion, the ICRC conducts a number of joint pro-
    SYRIA
    IRAQ
    grammes with the Turkish Red Crescent Society.
    CYPRUS
    LEBANON

    ISRAEL
    JORDAN SAUDI ARABIA

    ICRC/AR_2005

    ICRC mission

    EXPENDITURE (IN CHF ,000)


    Protection 70
    Assistance -
    Prevention 320 CONTEXT
    Cooperation with National Societies 283
    General - In 2003, the ICRC opened its temporary
    mission in Ankara in connection with the
    673 crisis in neighbouring Iraq, following an
    of which: Overheads 41 agreement reached with the Turkish Ministry
    IMPLEMENTATION RATE of Foreign Affairs. The ICRC maintained its
    Expenditure/yearly budget 82.8% presence in the Turkish capital in 2005 and
    strengthened relations with the national
    PERSONNEL
    1 expatriate
    authorities and the Turkish Red Crescent
    3 national staff (daily workers not included) Society.

    KEY POINTS

    In 2005, the ICRC:


    continued to focus on protection issues
    in connection with the situation in Iraq;
    strengthened relations with the national
    authorities, the armed forces and
    the Turkish Red Crescent Society;
    pursued a dialogue with the Ministry of
    Foreign Affairs with a view to consolidating
    the organization’s status in the country;
    followed up on its formal offer to assist
    the Turkish authorities in conducting
    a compatibility study on IHL and welcomed
    Turkey’s accession to the Convention on
    Certain Conventional Weapons;
    presented to the Turkish parliament
    the Turkish version of a handbook for
    parliamentarians entitled Respect for
    International Humanitarian Law.

    252
    ICRC ANNUAL REPORT 2005

    ICRC ACTION On the basis of memoranda of under- Following constructive talks with the
    standing concluded with NATO, the ICRC Ministry of Education, the Turkish Red
    The ICRC pursued its protection activities continued to take part in dissemination Crescent Society and the ICRC worked
    in connection with the situation in Iraq, and training programmes for the Turkish on the integration of the Exploring
    including notifying the authorities of armed forces conducted within NATO. Humanitarian Law programme into the
    the detention of Turkish nationals. It The ICRC also contributed to the activi- secondary school curriculum and com-
    continued working closely with the Turkish ties of the Partnership for Peace training pleted a translation of the relevant modules
    Red Crescent Society’s tracing unit, trans- centre by providing expertise for the devel- into Turkish. National Society staff in
    mitting RCMs and collecting tracing opment of courses on IHL and related charge of the programme participated in a
    requests from Turkish families seeking issues and participating in the establish- meeting on the topic held in Riga, Latvia,
    news of relatives detained/interned abroad. ment of an Advanced Distributed Learning in December.
    (ADL) System on IHL to be used by
    Turkey acceded to the Convention on potential participants in the law of armed Special emphasis was placed on preserv-
    Certain Conventional Weapons in conflict courses. ing the independence of the Turkish Red
    March 2005. The ICRC provided support Crescent Society, which the ICRC sup-
    and advice throughout the process. It also After submitting an offer of services to sup- ported in planning its operations in Iraq
    expressed its readiness to assist the gov- port the armed forces in integrating IHL and Pakistan and in its efforts to raise
    ernment in conducting a study on the com- into their doctrine, training and standing awareness of IHL and the Fundamental
    patibility of the domestic legal framework operating procedures, the ICRC pursued its Principles.
    with the country’s obligations under IHL dialogue with the office of the chief legal
    and, to that end, pursued discussions adviser of the Turkish General Staff.
    with various ministries and the Turkish
    General Staff. Contacts with academic institutions on
    IHL promotion were reinforced, as were
    The ICRC cooperated with the Turkish plans to give ad hoc presentations on IHL
    parliament and the Inter-Parliamentary to university students and to enable law
    Union (IPU) to prepare for the official lecturers to participate in IHL courses in
    launch in June of the Turkish version of the Geneva or in the region, with the aim of
    handbook for parliamentarians entitled promoting the teaching of IHL in Turkish
    Respect for International Humanitarian universities.
    Law. The handbook was distributed to
    members of parliament.

    253
    brussels
    The ICRC has been working in Brussels since
    1999, building strong institutional and opera-
    tional relations with EU institutions and with
    NATO and the NATO Parliamentary Assembly.
    It is expanding its sphere of activity to include
    key armed forces based in Western Europe.
    Its aim is to make the ICRC’s mandate better
    known, to mobilize political, diplomatic and
    financial support for its activities and to
    ensure that relevant military decision-makers
    in Western Europe view the ICRC as the main
    reference point for neutral and independent
    humanitarian action.

    COVERING
    Institutions of the European Union (EU), the North Atlantic
    Treaty Organization (NATO), the NATO Parliamentary
    Assembly and Key Armed Forces in Western Europe

    EXPENDITURE (IN CHF ,000)


    Protection -
    Assistance -
    Prevention 1,440 CONTEXT
    Cooperation with National Societies 123
    General 146 The rejection by France and the Netherlands Pursuant to pledges made by the EU
    of the European Constitution Treaty effec- and its individual member States at the
    1,709 tively prevented the adoption of a consti- 28th International Conference of the Red
    of which: Overheads 104 tution requiring unanimity. In spite of this Cross and Red Crescent, and in keeping
    IMPLEMENTATION RATE setback, the EU remained a global actor in with the conclusions of the 2003 European
    Expenditure/yearly budget 98.3% conflict prevention and crisis management, Council meeting in Thessaloniki (which
    for example playing a crucial role in resolv- supported the need for national armed
    PERSONNEL
    3 expatriates
    ing the political stalemate in Ukraine. forces to observe IHL and work with the
    6 national staff (daily workers not included) ICRC to this effect), the EU expressed its
    In 2005, the EU undertook eight European willingness to promote IHL among the
    KEY POINTS Security and Defence Policy operations on armed forces of its member States and
    the ground, including a police mission in among political and humanitarian actors.
    In 2005, the ICRC: the Democratic Republic of the Congo, In December, the EU adopted important
    further developed its dialogue with EU
    institutions through the EU Presidency, the the monitoring of a peace agreement in guidelines to promote compliance with IHL
    General Secretariat of the Council of the EU Aceh, police advisory missions in Bosnia by non-member States and armed groups.
    and the European Commission, and by fol- and Herzegovina and the Former Yugoslav
    lowing the work of the European Parliament;
    strengthened dialogue with the Supreme Republic of Macedonia and support for the NATO continued to expand its out-of-area
    Headquarters Allied Powers Europe (SHAPE) African Union mission in Darfur (Sudan). operations to the Balkans, Afghanistan
    and with key member States and concluded and Iraq, helping those countries to retrain
    a new memorandum of understanding with
    NATO on training issues; The European Commission supported and restructure their armed forces. Together
    reinforced its high-level dialogue with the the transition process in the Democratic with the EU, it also strengthened its rela-
    EU and NATO through meetings between Republic of the Congo in 2005, allocating tionship with the African Union, support-
    the ICRC President, Jakob Kellenberger, and
    the High Representative of the EU for the more than 149 million euros to the electoral ing its efforts to promote security and
    Common Foreign and Security Policy and process. In Darfur, the Commission strongly stability in Sudan.
    Secretary General of the Council of the EU, supported the African Union observer mis-
    Javier Solana, the Commissioner for
    Development and Humanitarian Aid, sion through peace facility grants. The
    Louis Michel, and the NATO Secretary General, Directorate General for Humanitarian Aid
    Jaap de Hoop Scheffer; (ECHO) responded to crises and conflicts
    organized a briefing by President Kellenberger
    for the NATO Euro-Atlantic Partnership by supporting the work of NGOs, interna-
    Council on the current challenges for IHL tional organizations and the Movement.
    and the need for neutral and independent
    humanitarian action;
    presented the ICRC study on customary
    international humanitarian law to the EU
    Working Group on Public International Law
    and was instrumental in the adoption by the
    EU of guidelines to promote compliance with
    IHL; briefed the legal advisers of the permanent
    representations of EU member States on the
    importance of IHL and on the EU’s potential
    role in improving compliance with IHL;
    gave pre-deployment briefings on IHL to
    NATO troops.

    254
    ICRC ANNUAL REPORT 2005

    ICRC ACTION It also participated in hearings organized by ARMED FORCES AND OTHER
    the European Parliament on anti-personnel BEARERS OF WEAPONS
    In accordance with its specific mandate, the mines and the protection of journalists in
    ICRC continued to focus on enhancing its armed conflict. To enhance their understanding of the
    dialogue with EU institutions on humani- ICRC’s mandate, working methods and activ-
    tarian aspects of conflict situations, partic- IHL and NATO ities and of the Fundamental Principles, the
    ularly in light of EU progress towards a The ICRC maintained regular contact with ICRC initiated a comprehensive dissemi-
    Common Foreign and Security Policy and NATO officials, discussing issues of com- nation programme for selected armed
    the emphasis placed on crisis manage- mon concern such as the humanitarian forces in Western Europe in 2004. The pro-
    ment and conflict prevention. The ICRC situation in Afghanistan, Iraq and Darfur, gramme continued into its second year
    maintained a substantive dialogue with where NATO was reinforcing its political in 2005 with the aim of contributing to the
    the European Commission (in particular and operational roles and where the ICRC training of officers called upon to conduct
    ECHO and the other external services of the was conducting humanitarian operations. senior-level planning for operational
    Commission) and the General Secretariat missions in contexts in which the ICRC
    of the Council of the EU. The aim was to President Kellenberger briefed ambassa- was working. The ICRC therefore focused
    share with these institutions the ICRC’s dors to NATO’s Euro-Atlantic Partnership on armed forces in Western Europe most
    priorities and analysis of specific issues Council on the challenges of ensuring likely to deploy to foreign contexts, such as
    of humanitarian concern, such as the sit- respect for IHL and on the ICRC’s princi- the US European Command (US EUCOM),
    uations in Sudan, West Africa and the ples of independence and neutrality. EU military staff, NATO and the UK armed
    Middle East. forces.
    Prior to the planned expansion of the NATO
    In 2005, the ICRC president travelled to International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) NATO
    London and Vienna to prepare for the mandate in Afghanistan in mid-2006, a dia- Underpinned by a memorandum of under-
    British and Austrian presidencies of the EU. logue was initiated with selected senior standing updated in 2005, ICRC coopera-
    NATO officials to clarify ISAF’s detainee tion with NATO during the second half
    handling policy. of 2005 included:
    AUTHORITIES
    To strengthen dialogue with the NATO presentations and discussions at some
    The EU Council Parliamentary Assembly, the ICRC attended half a dozen training courses for officers
    The ICRC maintained contacts with the two of its sessions where subjects related to at the NATO School in Oberammergau;
    General Secretariat of the Council of the IHL and the ICRC’s activities were addressed. participation in key NATO Response
    EU and with the EU Presidency, held by Force exercises;
    Luxembourg in the first half of the year and support to ISAF pre-deployment
    by the United Kingdom in the second. Political, academic and humanitarian mission-rehearsal exercises prior to
    institutions in Brussels departure for Afghanistan;
    In April and November, President Kellenberger Together with the College of Europe in support to officer training and other
    addressed the Political and Security Bruges, the ICRC organized the second seminars conducted at SHAPE and
    Committee (PSC) on the ICRC’s humani- annual IHL course for students of the subordinate commands.
    tarian priorities and exchanged views with college and other universities in the region.
    PSC ambassadors. In October, the ICRC and the College US European Command
    of Europe organized the 6th Bruges The ICRC provided US EUCOM officers
    The ICRC twice addressed the EU Council’s Colloquium for diplomats, civil servants training for deployment to contexts such
    Working Group on Public International and experts in IHL, focusing specifically as Afghanistan and Iraq with an overview
    Law to advise it on how the EU could on the law of occupation. of humanitarian issues in conflict zones
    improve compliance with IHL and to and the role, mandate and activities of the
    present the ICRC study on customary The ICRC also conducted an IHL course at ICRC in such contexts.
    international humanitarian law. In June, the Institut Supérieur du Management
    staff of the General Secretariat of the Public et Politique in Brussels, where IHL EU military staff
    Council of the EU attended a study day issues were traditionally explored in the The ICRC discussed with EU military staff
    on IHL organized by the ICRC and the context of the EU’s Common Foreign and potential support to EU armed forces train-
    European Commission. Security Policy. ing along the lines already established
    with NATO.
    The European Commission
    The ICRC continued its dialogue with UK armed forces
    ECHO on operational contexts to identify In 2005, the ICRC pursued its comprehen-
    common funding priorities. Staff from sive armed forces approach in the UK, which
    Commission delegations worldwide attended began in late 2004. It involved:
    the study day on IHL organized in June.
    supporting officer training at three lev-
    The European Parliament els at the Joint Services Command and
    The ICRC attended debates of the sub- Staff College, Shrivenham;
    committees on human rights and on participation in senior-level training
    defence and security at the Foreign Affairs conducted by the UK Permanent Joint
    Committee of the European Parliament. Headquarters, Northwood;

    255
    EUROPE AND THE AMERICAS BR USSELS

    participation in pre-deployment training RED CROSS AND


    conducted by the British Army’s Land RED CRESCENT MOVEMENT
    Warfare Centre;
    participation in relevant specialist training The Brussels delegation maintained close
    seminars. relations with the various components of
    the Movement present in Brussels, through
    the Red Cross/EU Office and the Belgian
    CIVIL SOCIETY Red Cross. It supported and participated in
    an IHL moot-court competition organized
    The ICRC maintained contacts with lead- by the Belgian Red Cross. With the Belgian
    ing NGOs represented in Brussels and Red Cross and the Catholic University of
    participated in a study group on the Louvain, it organized a seminar on the
    International Criminal Court organized ICRC study on customary international
    by the Coalition for the International humanitarian law.
    Criminal Court in the European Parliament.
    The ICRC also participated in the second
    The delegation participated in a seminar EU disaster-management symposium,
    organized by the UK Royal United Services attended by the directors of the interna-
    Institute, at which private military service tional departments of 24 National Societies.
    providers (PMSPs) made a number of pre- It attended a European Red Cross semi-
    sentations on their role in modern expedi- nar on the Exploring Humanitarian Law
    tionary warfare. The ICRC raised concerns programme held in Riga, Latvia and took
    regarding the degree of understanding of part in the meeting of the Platform for
    and respect for IHL among PMSP staff sent European Red Cross Cooperation on
    to operational contexts. Refugees, Asylum Seekers and Migrants,
    held in Sofia, Bulgaria.

    256
    international
    tracing service
    The International Tracing Service (ITS) in Bad
    Arolsen, Germany assembles, classifies, preserves
    and evaluates, for strictly humanitarian pur-
    poses, records concerning civilians persecuted
    during the Third Reich in Germany (1933–45)
    and non-Germans displaced as a result of the
    Second World War up until 1951. The ITS searches
    for missing persons and issues certificates to
    civilians who suffered incarceration or forced
    labour and are eligible for financial compen-
    sation, as well as to their legal successors. The
    institution, set up under the Bonn Agreements
    of 1955, is run by an ICRC-appointed director
    and is supervised by a commission comprising
    11 member States.

    EXPENDITURE (IN CHF ,000)


    Protection 359
    Assistance -
    Prevention - CONTEXT
    Cooperation with National Societies -
    General - The ITS has been directed and adminis- In 2005, the ITS remained an invaluable
    tered by the ICRC and supervised by rep- resource for civilians persecuted under the
    359 resentatives of the member States of the Third Reich and requesting official recogni-
    of which: Overheads 22 International Commission (Belgium, France, tion of their persecution. To this end, the
    IMPLEMENTATION RATE Germany, Greece, Israel, Italy, Luxembourg, centre conserved an archive of documents
    Expenditure/yearly budget 103.3% the Netherlands, Poland, the United Kingdom which it consulted before issuing legally
    and the United States of America) since 1955. binding certificates attesting to the persecu-
    PERSONNEL
    1 expatriate
    tion. In order to ensure that the data con-
    0 national staff (daily workers not included) tained in the records was not lost to future
    generations, it had converted the informa-
    KEY POINTS tion to a digital form. The ITS also worked
    to restore the paper documents.
    From 1 December 2004
    to 30 November 2005, the ITS:
    added more than 400,000 new names
    to its central databank;
    processed 18,559 enquiries within the scope
    of the Compensation Fund for Forced
    Labourers that had been submitted either
    directly by the people concerned or by
    various organizations representing their
    interests;
    issued 226,535 replies in the form of reports
    and partly as excerpts from documents;
    prepared for the 67th annual meeting
    of the International Commission for the
    International Tracing Service.

    257
    EUROPE AND THE AMERICAS INTERNATIONAL TRACING SERVICE

    ITS ACTION So as to preserve for future generations the In 2005, the ITS turned its attention to activ-
    historically precious documents stored in ities such as the acquisition of documents
    its archives – and not just the information from other institutions. The ITS obtained
    CIVILIANS they contained, in a digital form – the ITS 135,407 names of Jews who were deported
    continued to carry out conservation and from Slovakia to the Auschwitz concentra-
    The ITS continued to serve as an essential restoration work, such as paper deacidifi- tion camp during the Second World War.
    point of contact for people who had suf- cation or delamination and the repair of It also reached an agreement with an archive
    fered persecution under the Third Reich mechanical damage. In 2003, the ITS in Sweden to copy 54,000 index cards list-
    and who wished to have official recognition began working systematically on larger ing concentration-camp prisoners who
    of it. The ITS continued to gather, file, pre- stocks of concentration-camp documents, had been driven to safety from Germany
    serve and process records and conserved according to a list of priorities. In 2005, in to Sweden in the “white buses” operation
    an archive of documents referring to the cooperation with a specialized company, organized by Count Folke Bernadotte. The
    victims of the National Socialist Regime. 252,000 single documents from the ITS also made plans to advise the Polish
    In the course of 2005, it received more than Buchenwald concentration camp index were Catholic Church in Germany on how to
    400,000 additional names. When the insti- restored and deacidified, and 21,000 sheets digitize records of Poles registered in
    tution was able to confirm that an indi- of the original lists from various concen- Germany during and immediately after
    vidual had indeed suffered deportation, tration camps were delaminated. In total, the Second World War. Under the oral
    internment or forced labour, it issued a cer- over 1.2 million documents had been treated agreement, the ITS would be permitted to
    tificate attesting to the persecution. This since the start of the conservation and use the data.
    document is recognized internationally restoration process.
    and does not require verification by a notary The issue of how to manage access to
    to be valid. Following the enactment of a German law, the documents by historical researchers
    in August 2000, establishing the federal dominated the annual meeting of the
    The digitization of the ITS central index of foundation Erinnerung, Verantwortung und International Commission for the
    names (50 million references with informa- Zukunft (Remembrance, Responsibility International Tracing Service, which took
    tion on 17.5 million people) was completed and Future) to provide financial compen- place in Rome on 30 May. The French del-
    at the end of 1999. The databank, which sation for people persecuted by the Nazi egation proposed the creation of a group
    became operational in the second half of regime, as well as those subjected to slave of experts who would be responsible for
    2000, made it possible to check a consider- or forced labour, the number of enquiries coming up with practical suggestions on
    able quantity of data electronically rather sent to the ITS increased dramatically, how to open the archives to historians. The
    than manually, and thus to respond more until 2003. Thereafter, enquiries originat- ICRC and the ITS offered their support for
    quickly to requests for information and cer- ing from the foundation began to decline such a process. The member States, how-
    tificates. The scanning of all documentary sharply as payments through the partner ever, failed to reach a unanimous decision.
    materials from the ITS archives was started organizations were concluded. Thanks to
    in 1999 for two reasons: to secure the infor- the standardized list procedure set up for During the year, the ITS received a total of
    mation contained in the documents, which this, over 950,000 enquiries of this kind 150,828 new requests from 62 countries
    were mostly in bad condition owing to their could be processed by the ITS in just and gave 226,535 replies to these and other
    age and frequent handling by caseworkers, under two years. In 2005, the ITS received requests received earlier. At the end of
    and to make electronic assessment possible such requests only from the International November 2005, 407,065 requests were
    in order to speed up the processing of Organization for Migration (3,112) waiting to be processed.
    requests. By the end of 2005, the ITS had and foundations in Minsk (47) and
    scanned and indexed 54.6% of the paper Moscow (148).
    documentation.
    Given that the ITS’s stock of documentary
    During the year, the British Red Cross handed materials was unfortunately far from
    over to the ITS an index comprising about complete, many enquiries could not be
    200,000 cards containing data from the answered positively. To give the enquirers
    Second World War. These were scanned ready an additional chance to provide evidence of
    for use in electronic research. their persecution, the Federal Association
    for Information and Advice for Persecutees
    The ITS aimed to implement the completely of National Socialism in Cologne, the
    paperless processing of enquiries. Not only Federal Archives in Koblenz and the ITS
    did it scan the new enquiries that arrived established a cooperation network whereby
    and papers relating to those cases, but individual and list enquiries which could
    also all papers pertaining to cases already not be answered positively by the ITS were
    in progress. systematically forwarded, electronically, to
    numerous participating archives in Germany
    The ITS began streamlining its working for further checks. On 31 December 2004,
    procedures. In 2005, it made changes in the funding for the electronic cooperation net-
    fields of translation and card-indexing of work ended and the server was disconnected.
    foreign-language enquiries. Moreover, fully
    electronic processing was introduced in the
    central index of names and two other units.

    258
    london
    In October 2003, an ICRC spokesperson was
    posted to London to work with the British Red
    Cross, mainly in the areas of media relations and
    communication. The aims are: to develop con-
    tacts with London-based media and institutions
    with an international scope so as to gain a better
    understanding of how they perceive problems
    and activities of a humanitarian nature in the
    regions they cover; to heighten understanding
    of and support for ICRC operations and the
    activities of the Movement in those regions; and
    to secure broader support for the implementa-
    tion of IHL.

    EXPENDITURE (IN CHF ,000)


    Protection -
    Assistance -
    Prevention 319 CONTEXT
    Cooperation with National Societies 56
    General - Over the years, London has become one of In 2005, the London-based media again
    the world’s foremost media centres. Not devoted intensive coverage to issues and
    375 only is it home to a large number of media debates surrounding the war in Iraq,
    of which: Overheads 23 organizations with global reach, such as the including the British government’s justi-
    IMPLEMENTATION RATE British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC), fication for joining the US-led invasion
    Expenditure/yearly budget 91.9% the Financial Times and the Economist, it of the country in 2003, the situation of
    also hosts a high concentration of foreign detainees/internees held in Iraq and the
    PERSONNEL
    1 expatriate
    media from all continents, including impact of the “fight against terrorism” on
    1 national staff (daily workers not included) Cable News Network (CNN) and Al Jazeera. States’ security measures and on human
    The city is also the location of influential rights. The debate on how to counter
    KEY POINTS academic institutions with an interna- “terrorism” was given added pertinence
    tional focus, such as the London School of following the bomb attacks on London’s
    In 2005, the ICRC: Economics and the School of Oriental and public transport network in July 2005.
    jointly organized a public panel discussion African Studies.
    on torture with the London School of
    Economics and took part in numerous
    panel discussions and in a variety of
    academic events on issues of ICRC concern
    in the United Kingdom and in a number
    of European countries;
    jointly organized a public lecture on
    “A Middle-Eastern Perspective on
    Humanitarian Action in the 21st Century”,
    given by HRH Prince Hassan bin Talal
    of Jordan;
    took part in the review board of
    a BBC-sponsored radio station established
    in Basra, Iraq;
    jointly organized a conference in London
    with the Royal Institute of International
    Affairs (Chatham House), the British
    Red Cross and the Lauterpacht Centre
    for International Law to mark the launch
    of its study on customary international
    humanitarian law;
    participated in training courses organized
    by the British Red Cross for the National
    Society’s senior managers and future ICRC
    delegates.

    259
    EUROPE AND THE AMERICAS LONDON

    ICRC ACTION European journalists to enhance their under- Action in the 21st Century”, which served
    standing of both IHL and the Movement. to establish links between the Red Cross
    The ICRC consolidated its network of media He highlighted Movement activities for and representatives of the Muslim com-
    contacts to encourage journalists to focus victims of the tsunami in South-east Asia munities and their specific media in the
    on humanitarian concerns while reporting during numerous talk shows on Arabic United Kingdom.
    on situations of conflict. It strove to both satellite television channels. He also took
    raise awareness of and gain support for part in the review board of a BBC- In 2004, the work of the ICRC spokesper-
    IHL among the public, decision-makers sponsored radio station established in son had been shaped by the public’s focus
    and opinion-leaders. It also drew attention Basra, Iraq. on detention issues, such as the treatment of
    to the current challenges for independent detainees in Abu Ghraib prison in Iraq and
    and neutral humanitarian organizations in Promoting IHL among academics, the US detention facility at Guantanamo
    some conflict situations. think-tanks and NGOs Bay. In 2005, however, the media granted a
    The ICRC actively encouraged academic lot of exposure to Movement activities for
    The ICRC spokesperson in London debate and examination of IHL. Its initia- victims of natural disasters such as the
    responded to queries from the media, met tives included a conference, organized in tsunami in South-east Asia, the earthquake
    journalists, appeared on Arabic-language cooperation with the Royal Institute of in South Asia and the famine in Niger. In
    satellite television channels and attended International Affairs (Chatham House), London, the ICRC and the British Red
    numerous panel discussions on topics the Lauterpacht Centre for International Cross mounted an exhibition of photo-
    directly related to the ICRC’s international Law and the British Red Cross, to mark the graphs by Jean Mohr. The photos portrayed
    operations and IHL. launch of the ICRC study on customary daily life in Israel and the Palestinian ter-
    international humanitarian law. More ritories between 1949 and 2003 and bore
    He continued to work closely with the than 200 people attended the two-day witness to ICRC action in the region.
    British Red Cross, meeting the National conference held in London in April. The
    Society’s senior management to look at participants, who included government The ICRC regularly consulted the senior
    the relevance of Resolution 9 of the 2003 experts, lawyers, university lecturers and management of the British Red Cross on
    Council of Delegates, “Promote respect students, discussed the application of IHL proposed joint activities on a number of
    for diversity and fight discrimination and in light of present-day events. issues, including networking with immi-
    intolerance”. He worked to include in the grant communities and Islamic NGOs. The
    ICRC’s network of regular media contacts The Centre for Human Rights at the London ICRC spokesperson participated in training
    media serving the immigrant communities School of Economics teamed up with the courses organized by the British Red Cross
    in the United Kingdom with a view to pro- ICRC to hold a public panel discussion in for the National Society’s senior managers
    moting the Fundamental Principles and May. Four speakers debated the subject of and future ICRC delegates.
    information on ICRC operations world- “Torture: the ultimate abuse of human
    wide among this audience. With the British rights?” The ICRC participated in various
    Red Cross, he also briefed the media on the other events and think-tank discussions
    diplomatic conference convened in Geneva on topics such as the situation in Iraq, and
    in 2005 to adopt Additional Protocol III to contributed to the ongoing debate on
    the Geneva Conventions. the concept of neutral and independent
    humanitarian action at venues such as the
    The ICRC’s collaboration with the British Faculty of War Studies at King’s College
    Red Cross helped complement the activities London.
    of both organizations and enhance the pro-
    file of the Movement. In January 2005, the
    two organizations agreed that this coopera- RED CROSS AND
    tion was fruitful and pledged to continue. RED CRESCENT MOVEMENT

    The partnership agreement between the


    CIVIL SOCIETY ICRC and the British Red Cross continued
    to bear fruit. Cooperation between the
    IHL and the media two organizations meant that the ICRC’s
    Issues linked to the Iraq war and the spokesperson could benefit from an estab-
    ICRC’s activities for detainees held at the lished network of contacts, which he used
    Guantanamo Bay Naval Station, which had to raise the Movement’s public profile. At
    thrust the ICRC into the media spotlight the beginning of the year, the two organ-
    over the past year, continued to be scruti- izations agreed that their collaboration
    nized by British journalists whenever new had been a success and agreed to continue
    details emerged. The ICRC maintained the project.
    and extended its network of contacts with
    UK-based media, including journalists With the British Red Cross, the ICRC
    working for the Arabic-language daily, organized the first in a series of a public
    Al-Sharq al-Awsat. lectures on the theme of humanitarian
    action. HRH Prince Hassan bin Talal of
    The ICRC spokesperson participated in Jordan gave an address on “A Middle-
    training seminars for Arab and Eastern Eastern Perspective on Humanitarian

    260
    paris
    The Paris delegation, set up in 2000, focuses on
    promoting IHL, pursuing humanitarian diplo-
    macy and facilitating ICRC operations in the
    field. Its target audiences include the French
    authorities, representatives of the French-
    speaking world, economic interest groups, the
    media, the diplomatic community, the military
    and academic circles and the French Red Cross.

    EXPENDITURE (IN CHF ,000)


    Protection -
    Assistance -
    Prevention 1,054 CONTEXT
    Cooperation with National Societies 31
    General - The major event in 2005 was the rejection, As a permanent member of the UN Security
    on 29 May, of the European Constitution Council, one of the architects of the
    1,085 Treaty by the French people. Followed European Union, an economic power and
    of which: Overheads 66 shortly by rejection in the Netherlands, it host to multinational companies, France
    IMPLEMENTATION RATE sharply called into question the social and continued to be a major player in inter-
    Expenditure/yearly budget 84.3% political model put forward by the treaty. national affairs. Given its large Arabic-
    In spite of this setback, France remained a speaking community and its traditionally
    PERSONNEL
    1 expatriate
    linchpin in the political, social and eco- close ties with many African countries,
    3 national staff (daily workers not included) nomic construction of Europe. France was an important venue for human-
    itarian diplomacy, offering useful oppor-
    KEY POINTS tunities for intercession on behalf of
    conflict victims in parts of Africa and the
    In 2005, the ICRC: Middle East.
    remained in close contact with the French
    government, mainly with the Ministries
    of Foreign Affairs and Defence and the
    Presidency, to discuss ICRC operations and
    matters of humanitarian concern;
    maintained a network of contacts with
    individuals and established institutions
    in France able to influence decisions and
    dialogue on humanitarian action;
    continued to promote IHL, particularly
    among members of the armed forces and
    academic circles;
    strengthened relations with French and
    French-speaking media in order to promote
    the principles of IHL among the general
    public.

    261
    EUROPE AND THE AMERICAS PARIS

    ICRC ACTION CIVIL SOCIETY

    In 2005, the Paris delegation remained a Five major French NGOs – Médecins sans
    key element in the ICRC’s network for Frontières, Médecins du Monde, Action
    humanitarian diplomacy, through which contre la Faim, Handicap International and
    the organization sought to promote IHL, Première Urgence – and the French Red
    increase understanding of its mandate and Cross joined forces with the ICRC to form
    stimulate debate on issues of humanitarian a working committee designed to keep
    concern. In France, this network included humanitarian issues firmly on the public
    the French authorities, foreign opposition agenda, particularly the need to protect and
    movements based in the country, NGOs, assist victims of armed conflict, and prepare
    the media and opinion-makers. for the second Estates-General meeting on
    IHL and humanitarian action originally
    The delegation continued to give IHL pre- planned for 2005. Nevertheless, owing to
    sentations to the armed forces and to par- unforeseen circumstances, the meeting had
    ticipate in various seminars organized by to be rescheduled for 2006.
    the Ministry of Defence. It kept in frequent
    contact with the French-speaking media The Paris delegation had created an inter-
    and worked on various projects aimed at national press award at the Monte Carlo
    improving the public’s grasp of humanitar- Television Festival in 2003 for the best TV
    ian issues and the ICRC’s mandate and documentary highlighting the principles
    activities. of IHL during armed conflicts. In 2005,
    the prize went to a Croatian documentary
    on children and war. In preparation for the
    AUTHORITIES festival, the delegation promoted a DVD
    showing the first four films made by the
    Relations were strengthened with the French ICRC in the 1920s, which illustrated the
    authorities. The ICRC discussed with them humanitarian consequences of the First
    operational issues related to Colombia, World War. The delegation’s aim was to
    Côte d’Ivoire, the Caucasus, Darfur (Sudan), encourage film professionals at the festival
    Iraq and Lebanon. to use these little-known film archives in
    their work.

    ARMED FORCES AND OTHER The delegation also worked on the publi-
    BEARERS OF WEAPONS cation of a book based on the ICRC’s
    “Women and War” photo exhibition. The
    Pursuant to an agreement signed with the book was to illustrate the lives of 11 women
    Ministry of Defence in 2002, the ICRC in as many conflict zones and was to be
    continued to give presentations on IHL to officially launched in March 2007 to coin-
    members of the gendarmerie due for cide with International Women’s Day.
    deployment outside France (notably to the
    Balkans and Côte d’Ivoire), as well as to air The ICRC raised awareness in the media of
    force cadets. In 2005, some 1,500 military such issues as the ten-year anniversary of
    personnel attended these courses. More- the Srebrenica massacre, the earthquake in
    over, the delegation gave presentations on South Asia and the conflict in Darfur. It also
    IHL and the ICRC’s mandate and activities promoted IHL principles in universities,
    at various military schools and academies, including the Institut d’Études Politiques
    such as the Collège Interarmées de Défense, in Paris, the law faculty of the University of
    the École de l’Air de Salon de Provence and Grenoble and the University of Versailles.
    the Séminaire Interarmées des Grandes
    Écoles Militaires. It also discussed IHL and
    the ICRC’s mandate with legal advisers to RED CROSS AND
    the Ministry of Defence. RED CRESCENT MOVEMENT

    In 2005, the delegation strengthened its


    relationship with the new French Red Cross
    management team, led by former French
    Minister of Health, Jean-François Mattéi,
    and explored new avenues for the promo-
    tion of IHL through the branches of the
    French Red Cross.

    262
    colombia
    CARIBBEAN SEA The ICRC has been working in Colombia since
    Barranquilla 1969, striving to secure greater compliance with
    IHL by all armed groups – particularly regard-
    PANAMA
    ing the protection of persons not taking part in
    Apartadó
    Cúcuta VENEZUELA the conflict – and promoting its integration into
    Bucaramanga
    Medellín
    the doctrine, training and operating procedures
    Saravena
    PACIFIC
    OCEAN of the Colombian armed forces. The ICRC also
    BOGOTA
    Centro Colombia visits security detainees, assists IDPs and other
    Villavicencio
    Cali victims of the conflict and implements public
    health programmes and small-scale infrastructure
    Florencia rehabilitation projects in conflict-affected areas.
    Puerto Asís
    BRAZIL It works with the Colombian Red Cross Society
    COLOMBIA and other members of the Movement to coor-
    ECUADOR dinate humanitarian activities in Colombia’s
    conflict-affected regions.
    PERU

    250 km ICRC/AR_2005

    ICRC delegation ICRC sub-delegation ICRC office

    EXPENDITURE (IN CHF ,000)


    Protection 4,975
    Assistance 13,855
    Prevention 3,617 CONTEXT
    Cooperation with National Societies 1,219
    General - After a two-year lull, the conflict between The second largest insurgent group, the
    the Colombian government and the country’s National Liberation Army (ELN), started
    23,666 main insurgent group, the Revolutionary preliminary talks with the Colombian gov-
    of which: Overheads 1,444 Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC), inten- ernment in Havana, Cuba. Negotiations were
    IMPLEMENTATION RATE sified in 2005. The FARC’s announcement scheduled to resume in January 2006.
    Expenditure/yearly budget 91.0% in February that it was bringing to an end
    its policy of “tactical withdrawal” was The controversial Justice and Peace Law,
    PERSONNEL
    53 expatriates
    immediately followed by major attacks, a legal framework for the demobilization
    225 national staff (daily workers not included) mainly in the departments of Cauca, of paramilitary forces, was approved by
    Putumayo, Chocó and Meta. Armed clashes Congress in June and ratified by the govern-
    KEY POINTS also increased in frequency in the south and ment in July. It had been heavily criticized
    in the departments of Arauca, Meta and by national and international observers for
    In 2005, the ICRC: Norte de Santander. As a result, the number offering a blanket amnesty to perpetrators
    provided aid, together with the Colombian of mass displacements rose in 2005. of serious IHL violations, while ignoring the
    Red Cross, to almost 53,000 newly displaced
    people and residents affected by the conflict; subject of reparations to victims. Major inter-
    completed 55 small-scale infrastructure In a trend observed over the past few years, national stakeholders nevertheless decided
    projects and started 24 new ones, benefiting armed groups continued to use mines, to support the process, provided the imple-
    some 44,000 residents in conflict-affected leading to a growing number of casualties. mentation of the new law proved effective.
    areas; together with WFP, initiated the
    third phase of a joint programme aimed In 2005, all of the country’s departments,
    at improving the situation of IDPs through except the Caribbean islands of San Andrés In October, the demobilization of para-
    advocacy; established a pilot project for y Providencia, were affected by anti- military groups was temporarily suspended
    IDPs in Bogotá involving the distribution of personnel mines and improvised explosive when one of their leaders was transferred to
    vouchers instead of food and commodities;
    documented 990 alleged IHL violations,
    devices (IEDs), making Colombia the only a high security prison. Tensions increased
    made 231 oral and written representations to country in the Americas where mines and when the government publicly insisted on
    weapon bearers, assisted some 1,000 victims IEDs continued to be used daily. sticking to the agreed demobilization dead-
    of threats; facilitated the handover of line of end 2005, but following protests from
    10 hostages and 6 members of the armed
    An initiative launched by France, Spain and paramilitary leaders, it agreed to extend
    forces to their families or the authorities;
    monitored individually some 7,600 security Switzerland aimed at facilitating a direct the deadline.
    detainees and conducted, together with the dialogue between the Colombian government
    national penitentiary authorities, a survey and the FARC concerning the exchange of The Constitutional Court approved a hotly
    of health services in 57 places of permanent hostages against detained members of the debated new law permitting the re-election of
    detention; provided 207 disabled detainees
    with ortho-prosthetic appliances; FARC did not bear fruit. Although the the president, who subsequently announced
    continued to provide the armed forces with Colombian government publicly accepted he would be a contender in the April 2006
    technical support in achieving the full inte- the proposal, the FARC declined to give an presidential elections.
    gration of IHL into their doctrine, training explicit response, while ruling out an agree-
    and operating procedures and assisted police
    contingents involved in military operations ment with the government of President
    in incorporating IHL into training curricula; Alvaro Uribe.
    carried out 47 joint missions with local
    mobile medical teams to facilitate their
    access to residents in remote rural areas.

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    EUROPE AND THE AMERICAS COLOMBIA

    MAIN FIGURES AND INDICATORS

    PEOPLE DEPRIVED OF THEIR FREEDOM (All categories/all statuses) CIVILIANS


    Detainees visited 7,614 Economic security, water and habitat
    Detainees visited and monitored individually 5,170 Food Beneficiaries 52,344
    Number of visits carried out 641 Essential household items Beneficiaries 52,871
    Number of places of detention visited 338 Agricultural inputs and micro-economic initiatives Beneficiaries 3,131
    RESTORING FAMILY LINKS Water-supply schemes and sanitation systems
    Red Cross messages (RCMs) and reunifications (completed projects) Beneficiaries 10,327
    RCMs collected 250 Habitat structures Beneficiaries 10,183
    RCMs distributed 194 Health
    People reunited with their families 0 Health centres supported Structures 9
    Tracing requests, including cases of missing persons Consultations Patients 11,279
    People for whom a tracing request was newly registered 441 Immunizations Activities 5,138
    Tracing requests closed positively (persons located) 146
    Tracing requests still being handled at 31 December 2005 433

    ICRC ACTION with the aim of improving access to people 990 allegations of IHL violations
    affected by the armed conflict. collected
    The ICRC continued to focus its field 441 new tracing cases for people
    activities on about 20 priority zones where After eight years of distributing food rations unaccounted for opened, 146 persons
    humanitarian needs were greatest. In line to displaced populations, the ICRC devel- located and 433 cases still being
    with this new orientation, and without mod- oped a pilot voucher programme in Bogotá handled by the end of 2005
    ifying the scope of its programmes, it contin- as part of a strategy to better address the 231 representations made to the armed
    ued to streamline its operational structure, needs of newly arrived IDPs. parties allegedly responsible for IHL
    retaining five sub-delegations and six offices violations
    by the end of the year. By favouring a multi- In April, the ICRC sent the Colombian 172 RCMs collected from and
    disciplinary approach to humanitarian government a written notification confirm- 154 delivered to civilians
    issues, the ICRC was able to improve, among ing that the situation in Colombia quali-
    other things, the collection of information fied as a non-international armed conflict. Persons unaccounted for in
    on IHL violations, leading to the documen- The Colombian government replied by connection with the conflict
    tation of many more cases. thanking the ICRC for its role in Colombia When the Justice and Peace Law came into
    and recognizing that the provisions of IHL force in July, the ICRC met members of the
    ICRC medical teams stopped replacing local were indeed applicable to the Colombian National Commission on Reparation and
    health authorities, which became increas- situation. Reconciliation, set up to defend victims’
    ingly able to reach remote areas, but they still interests, to follow up on the issue of per-
    accompanied mobile health units whenever sons unaccounted for in connection with
    the security situation warranted it. To ensure CIVILIANS the conflict.
    populations affected by the conflict had
    access to sustainable health services, the Protection In September, the ICRC participated in a
    ICRC started to support the reopening of The delegation documented 990 cases of regional conference of the Latin American
    health posts, in close cooperation with local alleged IHL violations in 2005, with disap- Forensic Anthropology Association (ALAF),
    health authorities and communities. pearances (323) and targeted executions held in Bogotá, where it shared the main
    (152) representing the bulk of the cases. findings of its 2003 International Conference
    In detention centres, the ICRC’s strategy of The delegation also documented 21 viola- on Missing Persons and their Families. It
    gradually reducing and ultimately ending tions of medical facilities and/or staff. also facilitated the presence of European
    its involvement in health issues, was suc- Intimidation of and threats against resident experts, who shared their experience in the
    cessfully implemented, with the national populations continued, often leading to identification of human remains. Follow-
    penitentiary authorities (INPEC) taking on forced displacement. During the year, the up meetings were held in Bogotá to identify
    full responsibility for the community health ICRC provided material assistance to specific measures that could lead to relevant
    care programme in the first half of 2005. 991 victims of threats, helping them reach information for the families of victims.
    The ICRC and INPEC also undertook a sur- other regions of the country to avoid immi-
    vey of health services provided to detainees, nent danger. It also helped 433 families with In the field, the ICRC obtained information
    to be completed early in 2006, on the basis the burial costs of civilian family members from armed groups regarding the fate of
    of which recommendations were to be made killed as a result of the conflict. Armed actors missing persons, leading to the recovery of
    to the Colombian authorities. continued to control access to certain areas human remains.
    to monitor population movements and the
    Communication strategies designed to rein- circulation of goods. The murder of IDPs
    force acceptance by all actors of the ICRC’s who had sought refuge in cities remained a
    humanitarian work were streamlined and concern. The delegation acted as a facilita-
    adapted to local contexts and audiences, tor for the release of eight civilian hostages.

    264
    ICRC ANNUAL REPORT 2005

    Emergency relief for IDPs circulation of goods, such as food, fuel and spontaneously handed over a soldier to
    In 2005, mass displacements increased, while building materials, making living condi- the ICRC. The ICRC also continued to
    the displacement of individuals or families tions precarious. press the US authorities for access to two
    remained stable. The total number of IDPs Colombian security detainees belonging
    officially registered with the government In 2005, the ICRC, in its priority zones: to the FARC who had been extradited to
    was 1.7 million. the United States.
    provided 1,540 residents with food
    The emergency needs of IDPs (consisting of and/or essential household items on In cooperation with INPEC, the ICRC car-
    food rations for up to three months – up to an ad hoc basis; ried out a survey in 57 detention centres
    six months for households headed by approved 14 agricultural projects to enable the penitentiary authorities to
    women – and essential household items) for 2,068 beneficiaries; improve the planning and delivery of
    were covered by the government’s Social ensured the provision of basic health health services.
    Solidarity Network (Red de Solidaridad services to a monthly average of
    Social – RSS) and the ICRC through a 81,000 residents by facilitating, through As planned, the ICRC discontinued the
    working agreement concluded in 2001. In 47 joint missions, access of mobile joint delivery of community health care
    the cities of Villavicencio, Bucaramanga, medical teams to remote rural areas and the running of health brigades in pris-
    Sincelejo and Pereira, the Colombian Red affected by the conflict; ons, encouraging INPEC to take over these
    Cross, in coordination with the ICRC, pro- completed minor infrastructure programmes early in the year. INPEC thus
    vided assistance to displaced individuals. and rehabilitation projects for conducted eight training courses for health
    In 2005, more than 31,500 people displaced 10,183 beneficiaries, water and sanitation promoters and another 14 on HIV/AIDS; it
    individually and over 19,500 displaced en projects for 10,327 beneficiaries and also performed some 10,000 HIV tests.
    masse received emergency aid. In October, initiated water and habitat projects for
    the ICRC launched a pilot project for IDPs another 36,960 beneficiaries. The ICRC facilitated the signing of an agree-
    in Bogotá involving the distribution of ment between INPEC and three Colombian
    vouchers instead of food and commodities. Recruitment of minors universities to implement a pilot community
    The vouchers could be redeemed in In 2005, the ICRC documented 10 cases of health programme pioneered by the med-
    selected markets and shops, enabling bene- forced recruitment of minors. Allegations ical faculty of Pereira Technical University
    ficiaries to reduce their transportation of collective recruitment of minors in urban and the ICRC for some 6,000 detainees.
    costs. If successful, the programme would centres, a worrying issue at the beginning The ICRC and INPEC signed a framework
    be extended to other cities. of the year, diminished during the second agreement on the rehabilitation of three
    half of the year. National and international prison health facilities, which were near
    With WFP, the ICRC initiated the third phase NGOs, together with local authorities, con- completion at the end of 2005.
    of a joint programme aimed at improving tinued to work on prevention and informa-
    the situation of IDPs. Although the mid- tion. The ICRC also conducted 20 visits to 7,614 detainees visited, 5,170 monitored
    and long-term needs of IDPs remained centres run by the Colombian Institute of individually (including 2,938 newly
    largely unmet, the government and human- Family Welfare (ICBF), collecting infor- registered, of whom 245 were women)
    itarian organizations shifted their attention to mation to restore contact between former during 641 visits to 338 places
    helping IDPs recover their self-sufficiency, child soldiers and their families, sometimes of detention
    and the government’s overall budget for successfully. 1,911 detainees received a family visit
    IDPs significantly increased. funded by the ICRC
    40 RCMs delivered and 78 collected
    The ICRC, the RSS, the IOM and UNHCR PEOPLE DEPRIVED 207 detainees received ortho-prosthetic
    set up an interagency committee, improving OF THEIR FREEDOM appliances based on a cost-sharing
    10 IDP reception centres through better agreement between INPEC and the ICRC
    infrastructure, staff training and stan- In 2005, further to ICRC representations to
    dardized procedures. this effect, the authorities notified the ICRC
    more systematically of people detained in WOUNDED AND SICK
    Meanwhile, the RSS continued to pay more connection with the conflict.
    attention to the security concerns of affected The number of civilians affected by anti-
    populations, insisting less on their return- Delegates spoke in private with 2,938 newly personnel mines kept rising in 2005.
    ing home. Although assistance for those arrested detainees to assess their conditions According to the Landmine Monitor,
    returning was yet to be standardized, there was of detention and provided material assis- by 1 August 2005, the government’s
    improved coordination on planned returns tance to the more vulnerable ones. Owing Antipersonnel Mine Observatory had reg-
    between local authorities and the RSS. to the gradual implementation of judicial istered 510 new casualties from mines and
    reforms, which accelerated legal proceed- explosive remnants of war (ERW).
    Community infrastructure ings, overcrowding decreased significantly
    and agricultural projects in places of temporary detention. In 2005, the ICRC continued to provide
    Resident populations living in remote areas medical assistance to the war-wounded and
    remained exposed to threats and intimida- The ICRC facilitated the release of three to sick civilians living in conflict zones,
    tion by armed groups. Security constraints policemen and a young soldier held by including victims of mines and ERW. When
    prevented relevant State institutions armed opposition groups and continued its necessary, it also lobbied national and local
    from providing services, such as medical efforts to gain access to army and police authorities to ensure the delivery of appro-
    care. Moreover, residents sometimes faced personnel, as well as civilians, still held. priate medical care. It directed beneficiaries
    restrictions in their movements and in the On three separate occasions, armed groups to the services provided by the national

    265
    EUROPE AND THE AMERICAS COLOMBIA

    health system, offering financial help if AUTHORITIES CIVIL SOCIETY


    needed, and accompanied local medical
    teams or health brigades to remote areas. It Colombia was party to most IHL treaties In order to enhance knowledge and accept-
    also ran mobile health units in partnership and was in the process of adopting national ance of IHL among a range of civil society
    with the Red Cross Societies of Canada, implementing measures. Owing to proce- audiences, the ICRC:
    Norway and Sweden. dural errors, the ratification of the Second
    Protocol to the Hague Convention on held a seminar on basic IHL principles
    The ICRC obtained authorization from Cultural Property had to be started again. for more than 25 journalists;
    armed groups for mobile health units run Congress was discussing a draft law on organized a photo exhibition in 22 cities
    by the Ministry of Social Protection to gain the ratification of Amended Article 1 of and towns highlighting the plight
    access to all the priority zones it had identi- the Convention on Certain Conventional of civilians affected by the conflict;
    fied. In rural areas where security constraints Weapons. continued networking with influential
    prevented the deployment of national med- members of the private sector to raise
    ical staff, the ICRC conducted dissemina- The ICRC met often with a study group awareness of IHL and the ICRC’s
    tion sessions for armed groups, stressing on IHL, launched at the beginning of the mandate and activities;
    the need to respect health facilities, vehicles year within the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, conducted a workshop on IHL for
    and personnel. to discuss IHL-related issues, such as the 25 representatives of oil companies.
    continued applicability to the Colombian
    To maximize efficiency during field missions, situation of Article 3 common to the IHL and future decision-makers
    each ICRC sub-delegation developed a plan 1949 Geneva Conventions and the 1977 For several years, IHL had been incorpo-
    of action to increase community awareness Additional Protocol II (which extends to rated into the academic programmes of
    of HIV/AIDS, in cooperation, whenever non-international armed conflicts the Colombia’s leading universities and was
    possible, with the Colombian Red Cross. principal rules of Protocol I relating to the widely discussed in academic circles, espe-
    protection of civilian populations against cially within the framework of Colombia’s
    With ICRC support, government health the effects of hostilities). The ICRC also armed conflict.
    personnel and mobile health units: met officials of the Ministry of Culture
    to promote the ratification of the Hague The ICRC organized IHL seminars for
    administered 5,138 vaccinations; Convention’s Second Protocol. 85 lecturers and students from 15 universi-
    gave 11,279 curative consultations; ties providing legal and psychological assis-
    gave talks on health promotion tance to victims of Colombia’s conflict. In
    and disease prevention to over ARMED FORCES AND OTHER these seminars, the ICRC also discussed its
    16,000 people. BEARERS OF WEAPONS study on customary international humani-
    tarian law and the issue of missing persons.
    Assistance to the war-wounded The ICRC continued to provide the armed
    and mine/ERW victims forces with technical support in making
    In 2005, the ICRC began to develop, IHL an integral and permanent part of RED CROSS AND
    with the Ministry of Health, workshops their doctrine, training and standing oper- RED CRESCENT MOVEMENT
    for national health staff on the clinical ating procedures. It met the minister of
    management of the war-wounded. The defence and the command structure of Restoring family links
    organization and financing of these work- the armed forces to promote the revision With ICRC support, the Colombian Red
    shops was to be shared by the ICRC and of the IHL content of instruction manuals Cross completed an assessment of its
    the Ministry of Health. pertaining to military doctrine and to tracing capacity and the revision of its
    conduct “after action reviews” to evaluate training material on psychological support
    The ICRC provided financial support for specific military operations from the to victims of the conflict, producing some
    specialized medical care to: perspective of compliance with IHL. 10,000 new training manuals for its
    volunteers.
    102 victims of mines and 28 victims In cooperation with the Colombian Red
    of ERW; Cross, the ICRC worked closely with the “Safer Access” approach
    108 civilian war-wounded; national police to complete the first draft of The ICRC conducted seven security work-
    275 IDPs. an instructor’s reference guide integrating shops throughout the country, emphasiz-
    IHL principles, which would be widely used ing the “Safer Access” approach, which
    among police special forces participating prompted Red Cross branches to revise
    in military operations. existing security contingency plans or to
    establish new ones. These workshops com-
    85 dissemination sessions organized plemented monthly security meetings held
    throughout the country to raise awareness by the Movement at both headquarter and
    of the ICRC’s mandate and activities branch levels. The participation of ICRC
    among some 6,500 members of the sub-delegation staff in the branch commit-
    armed forces and police units engaged tee meetings helped identify security risks
    in military operations and reduce security incidents.
    15 dissemination sessions on basic
    humanitarian principles and the ICRC’s
    role and mandate conducted for some
    500 members of armed opposition groups

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    ICRC ANNUAL REPORT 2005

    Cooperation with the National Promoting IHL and the Fundamental Mine action
    Society and other Movement Principles To prepare for the extension of the mine-
    partners The Colombian Red Cross, with financial risk education project to three new depart-
    The ICRC and the International Federation support and technical input from the ments (Arauca, Meta and Norte de
    helped the Colombian Red Cross revise its ICRC, strengthened the dissemination/ Santander), the Colombian Red Cross
    national development plan. It paid for the communication departments in all its trained mine-action monitors in each of
    transport and accommodation of branch branches. The ICRC supported the devel- these branches. Once fully implemented,
    staff and volunteers travelling to meetings opment of a distance-learning module on the project would bring the number of
    to give their input, thus ensuring that the IHL for a National Society programme departments covered to five, including
    finalized plan would be relevant to each designed to ensure a coherent approach to Antioquia and Cauca. The Colombian
    local context. Colombian Red Cross activi- IHL dissemination. It also: Red Cross started mine-risk education in
    ties carried out in cooperation with partner four communities in Meta and Norte de
    National Societies were coordinated under contributed to the salaries of staff Santander and revised its mine-risk edu-
    tripartite security and cooperation agree- working in the newly established cation materials.
    ments, which were being replaced by new, doctrine and protection departments;
    multilateral agreements. provided financial support to
    Colombian Red Cross micro-projects;
    Agreements between the various partners gave technical support to the National
    enabled the Movement to coordinate its Society in launching a public infor-
    response to the humanitarian consequences mation campaign on protection of
    of specific armed clashes. Similarly, the the emblem.
    ICRC’s contacts with armed groups paved
    the way for partner National Societies to
    work in areas that would otherwise have
    been off-limits for security reasons.

    267
    haiti
    The ICRC’s involvement in Haiti began in 1994,
    CUBA Ile de la Tortue
    visiting detainees falling within its mandate.
    Previously covered by the regional delegation
    Cap-Haïtien
    in Mexico City, Haiti became a fully fledged
    delegation in February 2004, when internal strife
    Gonaïve
    HAITI
    threatened to degenerate into armed conflict.
    Hinche Given the persisting violence, the ICRC is main-
    St-Marc
    Ile de la Gonâve taining a presence in Haiti. It focuses on protec-
    tion activities for detainees and civilians, ensures
    PORT-of-PRINCE DOMINICAN
    that people wounded as a result of violence have
    REPUBLIC access to medical services and improves water
    Les Cayes
    Jacmel and sanitation in violence-prone shantytowns.
    It contributes, along with other Movement part-
    Ile-à-Vache
    ners, to strengthening the emergency-response
    CARIBBEAN SEA capacity of the Haitian National Red Cross Society.
    40 km ICRC/AR.2005

    ICRC delegation ICRC sub-delegation ICRC office

    EXPENDITURE (IN CHF ,000)


    Protection 1,007
    Assistance 1,271
    Prevention 1,159 CONTEXT
    Cooperation with National Societies 1,439
    General - General elections initially planned for In 2005, the Haitian police and the UN
    9 October were postponed several times Stabilization Mission in Haiti (MINUSTAH),
    4,875 owing to technical delays in voter regis- whose mandate was extended until
    of which: Overheads 298 tration, difficulties in distributing voter 15 February 2006, adopted a more active
    IMPLEMENTATION RATE identification cards and discussions on the stance vis-à-vis armed groups, leading to
    Expenditure/yearly budget 96.9% total number of presidential candidates numerous armed clashes in several of
    allowed to participate in the race and on the Port-au-Prince’s neighbourhoods.
    PERSONNEL
    12 expatriates
    location of over 800 voting centres and the
    41 national staff (daily workers not included) need to train the staff manning them. Voter
    registration, extended five times, closed on
    KEY POINTS 23 October, with some 3.3 million people
    registered out of an estimated 3.5 to
    In 2005, the ICRC: 4.5 million potential voters.
    monitored conditions in 38 places of
    detention, including some 20 police stations,
    Armed violence, which increased signifi-
    upgraded water and sanitation facilities in
    3 detention centres and provided technical, cantly in and around Port-au-Prince in the
    logistical and material support to the prison first half of the year, somewhat abated as
    authorities in dealing with a countrywide of August. There were fewer reported kid-
    beriberi outbreak; nappings and a return to a semblance of
    helped the Cité Soleil branch of the Haitian normal life in the shantytowns, with the
    Red Cross evacuate wounded and sick people; exception of Cité Soleil, where, according to
    completed a project to repair communal
    Médecins sans Frontières (MSF-France), an
    latrines in Cité Soleil, organized local
    residents to clean open-air waste-water average of 115 people a month were being
    drains and persuaded the local authorities to treated for gunshot wounds in a nearby
    resume rubbish collection and improve the hospital supported by the French NGO.
    supply of drinking water in the shantytown; The number of people treated for knife
    worked closely with the International wounds also increased in the second half
    Federation and partner National Societies of the year. Although violence remained
    to support the restructuring of the Haitian
    Red Cross and strengthen its emergency-
    concentrated in and around the capital,
    response capacity; armed groups continued to be active country-
    held information sessions on the ICRC’s wide. The largest such group, made up of
    activities in Haiti and the Fundamental members of Haiti’s former armed forces,
    Principles for members of the Haitian police kept a low profile in the second half of the
    and the UN civilian police, as well as for staff year. A formal disarmament programme
    of the UN peace-keeping mission in Haiti;
    was abandoned in favour of a “violence-
    maintained regular contact with all the
    different weapon bearers, including UN reduction” programme.
    peace-keepers, to ensure safe access for Red
    Cross workers to victims of armed violence
    and to promote the Fundamental Principles
    and basic humanitarian norms.

    268
    ICRC ANNUAL REPORT 2005

    MAIN FIGURES AND INDICATORS

    PEOPLE DEPRIVED OF THEIR FREEDOM (All categories/all statuses) CIVILIANS AND PEOPLE DEPRIVED OF THEIR FREEDOM
    Detainees visited 4,288 Water and habitat
    Detainees visited and monitored individually 107 Water-supply schemes and sanitation systems
    Number of visits carried out 125 (completed projects) Beneficiaries 208,800
    Number of places of detention visited 38
    RESTORING FAMILY LINKS
    Red Cross messages (RCMs) and reunifications
    RCMs collected 21
    RCMs distributed 12

    ICRC ACTION partner National Societies, it continued to The ICRC and the Haitian Red Cross set up
    pursue a comprehensive programme to teams drawn from the community to clean
    The ICRC continued to focus on protecting strengthen the organizational structure and up rubbish dumps and open-air sewage
    victims of armed violence by intensifying technical capacities of the Haitian Red drains in eight areas of Cité Soleil and to
    its dialogue with all groups involved in the Cross, with special emphasis on the “Safer refurbish and maintain communal latrines.
    violence and helping the local branch of the Access” approach. The ICRC provided wheelbarrows, boots,
    Haitian Red Cross evacuate hundreds of picks and shovels. It also obtained the
    wounded people in Cité Soleil, one of the collaboration of the government service
    metropolitan shantytowns most affected CIVILIANS responsible for solid-waste collection to
    by armed gangs. The ICRC also placed repair 12 rubbish skips and empty their
    more emphasis on monitoring the propor- Haitians continued to suffer the effects of contents on a regular basis. These improve-
    tionality of the use of force by members of all kinds of violence: politically motivated ments benefited some 208,800 residents
    the Haitian police and MINUSTAH, after attacks, common criminality, extortion, of Cité Soleil in 2005.
    a number of clashes left a disproportion- revenge killings, summary executions and
    ately high number of innocent bystanders kidnapping for ransom. Civilians were also Missing persons
    injured or killed, mainly in Cité Soleil. increasingly victims of heavy-handed meth- After initial discussions with the ICRC, the
    ods on the part of law-enforcement agents minister of justice had agreed to set up a
    A water and sanitation project initiated with or were caught in the crossfire between structure within the ministry to deal with
    the Haitian Red Cross in 2005 reversed to armed groups and such agents. The ICRC the issue of persons unaccounted for in
    some extent the increasing marginalization maintained an ongoing dialogue with connection with the political and security
    of the shantytown’s residents as communal all armed groups, particularly with situation. Unfortunately, the removal of the
    latrines were rehabilitated, rubbish collec- MINUSTAH and the national police, under- minister and consequent changes in the
    tion and the supply of water were partially lining once more the importance of allow- ministry precluded any progress on this issue
    restored and open-air sewage drains were ing wounded people to be transported until a new government had been elected.
    cleaned. to hospital and the need to distinguish
    between civilians and fighters.
    Although largely recovered from a com- PEOPLE DEPRIVED
    plete collapse in February and March 2004, Improving water supply OF THEIR FREEDOM
    the Haitian penitentiary system remained and sanitation
    vulnerable in 2005. In the second half of the The chronic lack of water exacerbated ten- The prison population kept rising in 2005,
    year, a sizeable increase in the prison pop- sions in Cité Soleil. By addressing some of particularly in the second half of the year.
    ulation, coupled with a countrywide out- the community’s basic needs, maintaining a Despite efforts by the ministry of justice,
    break of beriberi, further strained the system. presence in the shantytown, alongside the an exceptionally low delivery of sentences
    To alleviate overcrowding, the ICRC refur- Haitian Red Cross, and liaising with local by the justice system compounded the
    bished some prison blocks. It also provided authorities in charge of providing basic problem (88% of detainees nationwide and
    the penitentiary authorities with technical services, the ICRC contributed to easing the 96% in the main prison in Port-au-Prince
    and logistical support, including a country- worst effects of the violence. were in pre-trial detention), resulting in
    wide screening of detainees, to address the renewed overcrowding in prisons and
    beriberi epidemic. It continued to follow up on In cooperation with the government service police stations.
    individual detainees arrested in connection responsible for water supply, the ICRC car-
    with ongoing political disturbances in the ried out repairs to the water-distribution In 2005, the ICRC visited 38 places of deten-
    country and to monitor the detention con- system and delivered fuel for the genera- tion, monitoring the material conditions of
    ditions of all detainees in order to determine tor of a water-pumping station as well as detention and the treatment of detainees.
    the structural support it should provide, in hydraulic equipment to repair it. Local
    partnership with other organizations, to the residents trained by the ICRC repaired The ICRC helped the prison authorities
    national prison authorities. 15 communal water fountains out of 45, carry out repairs to water and sanitation
    kept them in working order and supervised facilities in selected prisons and supplied
    The ICRC retained its role of lead agency the sale of water. detention centres with hygiene products and
    within the Movement in Haiti. Together recreational items as needed. It maintained
    with the International Federation and close contact with other organizations

    269
    EUROPE AND THE AMERICAS HAITI

    working with detainees, such as UNDP, the stretchers and medical kits in Red Cross for a country of 8 million people, the force
    Organization of American States (OAS) branches in the capital and Cap-Haïtien for remained overstretched and undertrained.
    and MINUSTAH, as well as a constructive use in the event of internal disturbances The ICRC conducted dissemination ses-
    dialogue with the national bodies in charge during the election period. sions on its mandate and activities and on
    of detention centres (the prison authorities pertinent human rights principles for police
    and the Haitian police). The prison author- The ICRC purchased raw materials to help and prison guards throughout the country,
    ities took into account the ICRC’s recom- the Healing Hands for Haiti Foundation including trainees graduating from the
    mendations when drafting their 2005–10 produce 50 prosthetic limbs using the low- police academy. It insisted on the need to
    strategic development plan. cost technology pioneered by the ICRC. respect the emblem during medical evacu-
    ations from Cité Soleil carried out by the
    Access to basic health care remained diffi- Haitian Red Cross.
    cult for detainees. Detention centres had AUTHORITIES
    not yet been included in the national Armed groups still roamed the country-
    programme to combat tuberculosis; no The ICRC kept up its dialogue with the side, the largest being the former armed
    provisions were made to care for detainees interim government on matters as diverse forces, estimated by MINUSTAH at some
    suffering from HIV/AIDS; and no secure as security, the role and training of the police 2,500 individuals. The greatest threat to
    hospital existed to which detainees in need force, the need to involve the Ministries of civilians, however, came from urban armed
    of medical treatment could be transferred. Health and Social Protection in health care groups, estimated by MINUSTAH at some
    The ICRC continued to encourage prison for detainees, the status of the Haitian Red 4,000 individuals, operating in Port-au-
    authorities, government ministries and inter- Cross and the mandate of the ICRC. It also Prince’s shantytowns. In informal contacts
    national partners to address basic health- pursued a dialogue with the main parties with these groups, the ICRC emphasized,
    care issues and the problem of tuberculosis participating in the elections. as it did with other weapon bearers, the need
    in prisons. to respect the civilian population, medical
    A presidential decree affording the ICRC facilities and the red cross emblem. It also
    An outbreak of beriberi, a micronutrient and its staff the same privileges and immu- promoted these core messages on radio sta-
    deficiency, at the main prison of Port-au- nities granted to the UN and the diplomatic tions (see Civil Society) and adapted and
    Prince in October further illustrated the community was published in the official translated the Soldier’s Handbook into Creole.
    poor detention conditions in Haiti’s prisons. journal in April, followed a month later by
    Upon the request of the prison authorities, the publication in the same journal of the
    the ICRC provided technical and logistical new statutes of the Haitian Red Cross. CIVIL SOCIETY
    support, helping to screen 3,282 detainees On 1 September, Haiti ratified the Ottawa
    in 17 prisons, 160 of whom were diagnosed Convention. The ICRC continued to press The ICRC maintained close relations with
    with the illness and treated accordingly. the interim government to complete the rat- some 30 media outlets, especially the coun-
    The beriberi crisis prompted the prison ification of the 1977 Additional Protocol II. try’s burgeoning network of local radio sta-
    authorities to set up a taskforce comprising tions, to explain the work of the ICRC and
    the ICRC, UNDP, MINUSTAH and the the Movement and raise awareness among
    OAS to deal with issues such as nutrition, ARMED FORCES AND OTHER weapon bearers and the general population
    health care and hygiene in prisons. BEARERS OF WEAPONS of the need to respect medical facilities and
    the emblem. It briefed national and inter-
    4,288 detainees visited, of whom The UN Security Council approved addi- national media on various aspects of its
    107 followed up on individually and tional military and police contingents in work in Haiti.
    80 newly registered Haiti, bringing the number of MINUSTAH
    20 RCMs collected from and 1 delivered troops to 7,200 and of UN civilian police The delegation continued to develop its
    to detainees to 1,600 by the end of the year. In the sec- contacts with local humanitarian NGOs
    ond half of the year, MINUSTAH and the and associations, organizing in December
    Haitian police stepped up their presence a briefing session on IHL and the ICRC’s
    WOUNDED AND SICK in Port-au-Prince’s violence-prone neigh- protection work for members of the Réseau
    bourhoods, restoring order in some areas National de Défense des Droits Humains
    According to MSF-France, the number of but also contributing to the increase in in Port-au-Prince, one of the foremost local
    people the NGO had treated for bullet civilians killed and injured in the crossfire human rights organizations. The ICRC
    wounds jumped from 46 in January to in heavily populated communities. The distributed a quarterly newsletter on the
    204 in May, followed by a sharp drop in ICRC maintained a dialogue on operational activities of the ICRC and the Movement
    October and another sharp rise in the last matters with MINUSTAH staff officers in in Haiti to the main NGOs.
    two months of the year. The number of Port-au-Prince and with officers and troops
    people treated for knife wounds doubled in throughout the country, underlining the Information sessions on IHL, planned with
    the second half of the year. A significant mandate of the ICRC and the importance the University of Quisqueya, had to be
    proportion of patients treated for bullet of respecting the emblem and medical postponed for security reasons.
    wounds were residents of Cité Soleil, almost facilities.
    all of whom had been evacuated by the
    Haitian Red Cross, with ICRC support. In the absence of an army (disbanded by
    former President Aristide in 1995), the
    The ICRC positioned stocks of medicine Haitian police was tasked with duties of a
    and surgical equipment in hospitals in military nature, in addition to its tradi-
    Port-au-Prince and the provinces, as well as tional policing duties. With only 6,000 men

    270
    ICRC ANNUAL REPORT 2005

    RED CROSS AND Red Cross branch in Cité Soleil in their The ICRC and Movement partners sup-
    RED CRESCENT MOVEMENT efforts to raise awareness among residents ported the Haitian Red Cross in imple-
    of the role and activities of the Movement. menting its plan of action for 2005–08.
    The ICRC refurbished the office of the Included in this ambitious plan were capacity-
    Haitian Red Cross in Cité Soleil, provided To contribute to the restructuring of the building objectives and reforms aimed at
    it with first-aid kits and trained its volun- Haitian Red Cross’s tracing department, the responding more efficiently to Haiti’s vast
    teers in first aid. It also continued to finance ICRC conducted two advanced training needs for humanitarian assistance, partic-
    the rental of local taxis to transport courses on efficient management of RCMs ularly in emergency situations stemming
    620 wounded people to hospital. Together for 56 Haitian Red Cross volunteers. from natural disasters or armed violence.
    with the International Federation, the Such a plan would be achieved through the
    ICRC upgraded the Haitian Red Cross’s The ICRC conducted bi-monthly coordina- strengthening of programme management
    VHF radio system. tion meetings for all Movement partners at headquarters level, together with a coor-
    and gave security briefings to all new staff dinated branch-development approach.
    80 Haitian Red Cross volunteers of the International Federation and partner
    working in Cité Soleil trained in first aid National Societies. A memorandum of under- The ICRC rehabilitated the offices of two
    490 first-aid kits distributed to standing between the Haitian Red Cross, regional branches of the Haitian Red Cross
    13 regional and 89 local branches of the ICRC, the International Federation and and contributed to the rental of another.
    the Haitian Red Cross Movement partners, outlining each orga-
    2 workshops on the “Safer Access” nization’s role and responsibilities in Haiti,
    approach held for 56 participants was renewed for a year in July.
    from 13 regional and 2 local Red Cross
    branches

    The ICRC put together guidelines and a


    training module to standardize the teaching
    of the Fundamental Principles by Haitian
    Red Cross staff and volunteers. It also
    organized training courses for 58 dissemi-
    nators from 13 regional and 3 local branches
    and supported the volunteers of the Haitian

    271
    buenos aires
    COLOMBIA The ICRC regional delegation in Buenos Aires,
    ECUADOR
    established in 1975, promotes the incorporation of
    IHL into national legislation, into the curricula
    PERU
    of academic institutions and into the operating
    BRAZIL procedures, manuals and training programmes
    BOLIVIA BRASILIA
    of the armed forces, as well as the inclusion of
    human rights standards in police manuals and
    PACIFIC PA R A G U AY training programmes. It also works to raise
    OCEAN ASUNCIÓN
    CH I L E awareness of IHL among the authorities, school-
    ATLANTIC
    AR GEN T I N A OCEAN children, the media and the public. It visits secu-
    U R U G U AY
    SANTIAGO rity detainees in Chile and Paraguay. In Brazil
    MONTEVIDEO
    BUENOS AIRES and Paraguay, it stands ready to respond to poten-
    tial humanitarian consequences of social unrest.
    Lastly, the delegation contributes to developing
    the operational capacities of the region’s National
    700 km
    Societies.
    ICRC/AR.2005

    ICRC regional delegation ICRC office COVERING


    Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Paraguay, Uruguay

    EXPENDITURE (IN CHF ,000)


    Protection 326
    Assistance -
    Prevention 1,642 CONTEXT
    Cooperation with National Societies 594
    General 114 Following in the footsteps of its neighbours The economic growth experienced by the
    in the Southern Cone (Argentina, Brazil region in 2005 failed to trickle down to the
    2,676 and Chile), in March Uruguay elected a increasingly impoverished population. Social
    of which: Overheads 163 leftist government, which had pledged to inequality, already at its most pronounced
    IMPLEMENTATION RATE focus on social issues. The region’s disen- in countries such as Brazil, continued to
    Expenditure/yearly budget 95.9% chantment with neo-liberal economic poli- grow. Urban violence and organized crime,
    cies was strongly expressed at the fourth fuelled by a sharp rise in drug trafficking,
    PERSONNEL
    3 expatriates
    summit of the Americas held in November continued to take their toll. In Brazil, where
    21 national staff (daily workers not included) at Mar del Plata, Argentina, when Venezuela the problem was particularly acute (in 2004,
    and members of MERCOSUR, the Southern some 36,000 people died from bullet wounds),
    KEY POINTS Cone’s common market, refused to endorse an overwhelming majority of voters (64%)
    the Free Trade Area of the Americas. rejected by referendum a proposal to ban
    In 2005, the ICRC: the sale of weapons. Social protests linked
    signed cooperation agreements with the to land distribution and indigenous issues
    police forces of several Brazilian states most
    affected by social protests or other situations took on renewed force, particularly in Brazil
    of violence in order to promote the further and Paraguay.
    integration of human rights norms applicable
    to policing into their manuals, training and Against this backdrop, encouraging devel-
    operating procedures; continued to negotiate
    a similar agreement with the Argentinean opments included heightened regional
    authorities; integration through organizations such as
    held high-level meetings and seminars with MERCOSUR, which granted Venezuela full
    the Brazilian armed forces in order to step member status in December 2005.
    up the integration of IHL into their training
    and operating procedures;
    monitored the release of hundreds of
    landless farmers who had been arrested
    in Paraguay in December 2004 after being
    forcibly removed from lands they were
    occupying; visited Mapuche indigenous
    activists sentenced under anti-terrorist
    legislation in Chile, as well as security
    detainees in Chile and Paraguay;
    together with the respective national
    IHL committees, was instrumental in the
    ratification by Chile of the Rome Statute
    and its integration into domestic law
    by Uruguay;
    continued to promote the teaching of IHL
    in the region’s main universities.

    272
    ICRC ANNUAL REPORT 2005

    MAIN FIGURES AND INDICATORS

    PEOPLE DEPRIVED OF THEIR FREEDOM (All categories/all statuses) 1


    Detainees visited 37
    Detainees visited and monitored individually 37
    Number of visits carried out 11
    Number of places of detention visited 7
    DOCUMENTS ISSUED
    People to whom a detention attestation was issued 14
    1. Brazil, Chile and Paraguay

    ICRC ACTION CIVILIANS 1 former member of the Revolutionary


    Armed Forces of Colombia, arrested
    The delegation continued to promote IHL The ICRC liaised with other delegations in in Brazil, visited in October
    throughout the region, focusing on incor- the region as well as with National Societies 11 detention certificates issued to former
    porating the repression of war crimes into in Latin America and Europe to help find Chilean security detainees at their
    domestic law. In Brazil, important break- people who had lost contact with family request and 3 to former Argentinian
    throughs were achieved in the integration of members. It issued travel documents to five POWs (Malvinas/Falklands conflict)
    IHL into the military doctrine of the armed asylum seekers who had been accepted for
    forces and the inclusion of applicable human resettlement by host countries and helped
    rights norms in the manuals, training and security detainees in Chile and Paraguay AUTHORITIES
    operating procedures of the police. Teaching keep in touch with their families.
    of IHL continued in the region’s main Throughout the region, the delegation
    universities, while the ICRC’s Exploring The ICRC encouraged ministers of foreign continued to press for the inclusion of the
    Humanitarian Law programme for secondary- affairs in the region to table a draft resolu- repression of war crimes in domestic legis-
    school children in Uruguay was boosted by tion on missing persons and their families lation and the strengthening of national
    the new government’s support. In Chile, the at the 35th meeting of the General Assembly IHL committees. In Chile, the constitution
    programme’s priorities were redefined and of the Organization of American States was revised to pave the way for the ratifi-
    its progress monitored. (OAS), which took place in Fort Lauderdale cation of the Rome Statute. In Uruguay, the
    (USA) in June 2005. Along with a series of Statute’s provisions were being integrated
    In order to gain a better understanding of resolutions related to IHL, the OAS General into domestic law.
    the mechanisms leading to situations of Assembly adopted the proposed resolu-
    internal violence and their humanitarian tion. The ICRC also urged Argentina, Brazil In early March, representatives of 20 Latin
    consequences, the ICRC established con- and Chile to carry out a study on existing American and Caribbean countries gath-
    tacts with local human rights organiza- domestic legislation related to missing ered in Buenos Aires for a conference on the
    tions, NGOs and representatives of social, persons in order to improve it. protection of cultural property in time of
    agrarian and indigenous movements war. The event was jointly organized by the
    throughout the region and initiated various government of Argentina, the ICRC and
    studies on the issue. PEOPLE DEPRIVED UNESCO to strengthen the implementation
    OF THEIR FREEDOM of treaties such as the Hague Convention
    With tensions especially high in Brazil and on Cultural Property and its protocols.
    Paraguay owing to urban violence and the At the beginning of the year, the ICRC Following the conference, the Argentinian
    agrarian and indigenous issues, the dele- followed up on the situation of 621 landless government, with ICRC support, placed the
    gation maintained close contact with the Paraguayan farmers who had been arrested appropriate emblem on various museums
    authorities in the two countries, including at the end of 2004 for occupying farms in the capital.
    with the armed forces, the police and the belonging to absentee landowners. Most of
    justice ministries. It also maintained a dia- them were released on parole. The delegation continued to urge the
    logue with representatives of NGOs and Argentinian authorities to pass a law on the
    social and political movements and visited The ICRC visited detainees in Chile and protection of the red cross emblem.
    people newly detained in connection with Paraguay on the basis of agreements with the
    protest movements and political tensions, respective prison authorities and laid the
    particularly in Chile and Paraguay. groundwork for a similar agreement with
    the Argentinian and Brazilian authorities.
    In order to help the region’s National
    Societies better respond to the needs arising 20 security detainees (monitored
    from situations of internal strife or violence, individually) visited in Paraguay,
    while enhancing the safety of their workers, during 4 visits to 2 places of detention
    the ICRC started training staff from the 16 security detainees (monitored
    Argentinean and Paraguayan National individually) visited in Chile, including
    Societies in the “Safer Access” approach. Mapuche Indians and former members
    of an armed opposition group, during
    6 visits to 4 places of detention

    273
    EUROPE AND THE AMERICAS BUENOS AIRES

    ARMED FORCES AND OTHER CIVIL SOCIETY RED CROSS AND


    BEARERS OF WEAPONS RED CRESCENT MOVEMENT
    The media and IHL
    The armed forces and IHL The ICRC continued to develop its network In Argentina and Paraguay, emergency-
    In Argentina, Paraguay and Uruguay, the of contacts with national and regional media. preparedness programmes went ahead as
    ICRC continued to assess the extent of inte- It designed an online course on IHL and planned. The ICRC focused on training
    gration of IHL into the armed forces’ doc- the role of the ICRC for journalists from staff and volunteers from branches outside
    trine, training and operating procedures the Southern Cone and held a seminar on the capitals in emergency preparedness and
    and to provide technical advice, including IHL for journalists in Rio de Janeiro. The the “Safer Access” approach.
    training workshops on IHL. ICRC’s Spanish and Portuguese websites
    continued to serve as an essential commu- In Brazil, the ICRC supported the Brazilian
    In view of the tense situation in some nication tool. Red Cross in the revision of its statutes and
    Brazilian states, the ICRC met the minister the promotion of IHL in accordance with a
    of defence and the army’s chief of staff to Teaching schoolchildren tripartite agreement between the ICRC,
    discuss the need to take appropriate meas- humanitarian principles the National Society and the International
    ures to protect civilians in situations of In Chile, the ICRC and the relevant author- Federation. A similar agreement was being
    internal violence whenever the army was ities redefined the focus of the Exploring drawn up with the Argentinian Red Cross.
    called in to restore law and order. Breaking Humanitarian Law programme. Together, In 2005, the ICRC and the International
    with past practice, the highest echelons of they designed a new plan of action to Federation signed a tripartite agreement
    the Brazilian army decided to go ahead with improve coordination, determined under with the Uruguayan Red Cross.
    the integration of IHL into their doctrine, which topics the programme would be
    training and operating procedures. The included and redefined its geographical In Paraguay, following the promulgation of
    ICRC held IHL workshops for army instruc- scope. New teachers were trained to imple- a law protecting the red cross emblem, the
    tors and met the Chief of Air Staff and ment the programme. In Uruguay, the ICRC continued to support the National
    principal staff officers. newly elected government showed a keen Society’s efforts to promote the emblem.
    interest in reviving the programme, origi- Throughout the region, the ICRC provided
    Human rights norms relevant nally launched in 2003, by working on a the National Societies with financial sup-
    to policing plan of action with the ICRC. An evalua- port and training for the publication of their
    In Argentina, the ICRC, which had intro- tion of the initial phase of the programme newsletters, as well as technical support to
    duced a programme in 2004 to integrate was carried out, followed by a training enable them to assess the efficiency of their
    applicable human rights norms into the seminar for new teachers. tracing departments.
    manuals, training programmes and oper-
    ating procedures of the police force, was in Teaching IHL to future The ICRC held communication and tracing
    the final stage of negotiating a cooperation decision-makers workshops for the National Societies in
    agreement with the relevant authorities. The integration of IHL into the curricula of Brazil, Chile and Uruguay.
    In Paraguay, the deteriorating security situ- most universities in Argentina was well
    ation prompted police authorities to request advanced. In Brazil and Paraguay, the ICRC
    a briefing from the ICRC on human rights conducted a series of training courses for
    norms applicable to policing. As a result, lecturers to accelerate the process of intro-
    they began considering the feasibility of ducing IHL teaching in universities. The
    introducing such norms into their internal delegation worked with 76 universities in
    regulations. the region and maintained a network of
    some 300 lecturers trained in teaching IHL,
    In another breakthrough in Brazil, signifi- providing them with updated material.
    cant progress was achieved in the imple-
    mentation of the police programme, with The delegation sent promotional material
    the signing of an agreement between the on the Gustave Moynier prize for disserta-
    ICRC and the authorities in charge of secu- tions on IHL to all the countries in the region
    rity in Rio de Janeiro, the state most prone and helped the University of Buenos Aires
    to urban violence. The agreement estab- prepare its students for the Philip C. Jessup
    lished the steps to be taken over a 12-month international moot-court competition held
    period to integrate relevant human rights yearly in Washington D.C. and for the Jean
    norms into police training and procedures. Pictet moot-court competition held in
    In the second part of the year, three addi- Collonges-la-Rouge, France, in 2005.
    tional states seriously affected by violence
    related to indigenous and agrarian issues,
    Para, Pernambuco and Rio Grande do Norte,
    signed a similar agreement.

    workshops on human rights law


    applicable to policing organized in
    10 Brazilian states

    274
    caracas
    BAH AM A S The ICRC regional delegation in Caracas was first estab-
    lished in 1971. Since 2000, it has been covering, in addition
    CUBA
    DOMINICAN to Venezuela, the English-speaking Caribbean countries and
    J AM AI CA REP.
    HAITI
    ANTIGUA &
    Suriname. The delegation promotes the incorporation of
    BE LI ZE S T. K I T T S BARBUDA IHL into national legislation, into the curricula of academic
    & NEVIS DOMINICA
    HONDURAS CARIBBEAN institutions and into the operating procedures, manuals and
    SEA S T. L U C I A
    NICARAGUA
    S T. V I N C E N T & BARBADOS training programmes of the armed forces and of pertinent
    the GRENADINES
    TRINIDAD &
    human rights standards into police manuals and training
    COSTA RICA
    PANAMA CARACAS TOB A G O programmes. It also helps to strengthen the capacities of
    VENEZUELA National Red Cross Societies in the region.
    FRENCH
    G U YA N A GUIANA
    PACIFIC
    OCEAN COLOMBIA SURINAME

    ECUADOR
    BRAZIL COVERING
    500 km PERU ICRC/AR.2005 Venezuela, Suriname and the English-speaking Caribbean countries:
    Antigua and Barbuda, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Dominica, Grenada,
    ICRC regional delegation ICRC office
    Guyana, Jamaica, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent
    and the Grenadines,Trinidad and Tobago

    EXPENDITURE (IN CHF ,000)


    Protection 69
    Assistance 5
    Prevention 1,090 CONTEXT
    Cooperation with National Societies 377
    General - Owing to a boycott advocated by opposition Uruguay, agreed to grant Venezuela full
    parties and the ensuing low voter turnout, member status.
    1,541 Venezuelan President Hugo Chávez further
    of which: Overheads 94 consolidated his position after his party Governments of countries belonging to the
    IMPLEMENTATION RATE swept to victory in parliamentary elections Caribbean Community (CARICOM) focused
    Expenditure/yearly budget 74.1% in December 2005, with opposition groups on strengthening disaster-management
    failing to secure a single seat. capacities to cope with ever more deadly
    PERSONNEL
    2 expatriates
    hurricane seasons. Also a high priority was
    9 national staff (daily workers not included) Fearing an attack, Venezuela began creating combating murder and violent crime
    popular defence units and buying weapons linked to illicit drug and arms trafficking
    KEY POINTS from Russia and Spain, moves which and related gang warfare, which continued
    prompted concern in the United States and to take their toll, especially in Jamaica,
    In 2005, the ICRC: neighbouring Colombia. President Chávez Guyana and Trinidad and Tobago.
    was granted in November, by the Venezuelan pushed a land reform bill through Although corporal punishment, denial of
    authorities, full access to all detainees of
    parliament to redistribute non-productive bail for murder suspects, and the death sen-
    concern to the organization;
    continued to support the teaching of IHL in agricultural lands belonging to absentee tence by hanging are current practice, the
    Venezuela’s main universities and conducted landowners. However, aspects of the new governments of these countries introduced
    the first workshop on IHL for university bill lacked clarity, leading to spontaneous even stiffer measures.
    professors from the CARICOM region; land invasions by people seeking to test its
    continued to encourage Venezuela and limits. Rampant crime and a planned At the regional level, CARICOM States
    CARICOM member States to ratify IHL reform of the police remained high on the drafted and enacted the legislation neces-
    instruments to which they were not yet party
    political agenda. sary for integration into the CARICOM
    and to implement those already ratified;
    sought to establish a formal cooperation Single Market and Economy (CSME), with
    agreement with the CARICOM Secretariat to Bolstered by the rising price of oil, a view to more effective participation in
    promote humanitarian norms and principles; Venezuela continued to play an active role hemispheric and global trade negotiations.
    signed an agreement with the Venezuelan in regional politics, voicing strong views on Smaller, less-developed countries of the
    Ministry of the Interior to integrate issues such as free trade and the war on eastern Caribbean, however, experienced
    applicable human rights norms into the drugs, which often clashed with those of the difficulties in meeting the criteria for
    manuals, training and operational
    procedures of selected police units;
    United States. Tensions reached a climax at adherence to the CSME, delaying its full
    signed a headquarters agreement with the the Fourth Summit of the Americas in implementation. Although the regional
    government of Trinidad and Tobago. November in Mar del Plata, Argentina, Caribbean Court of Justice, based in Port of
    where the continent’s heads of State failed Spain, was inaugurated in April 2005, it had
    to reach an agreement on a Washington- yet to replace the London-based Privy
    sponsored Free Trade Area of the Americas. Council as the final court of appeal.
    President Chávez led a group proposing an
    alternative trade agreement emphasizing
    Latin American integration. In December
    2005, Mercosur, a common market com-
    prising Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay and

    275
    EUROPE AND THE AMERICAS CARACAS

    MAIN FIGURES AND INDICATORS

    PEOPLE DEPRIVED OF THEIR FREEDOM (All categories/all statuses) 1


    Detainees visited 132
    Detainees visited and monitored individually 132
    Number of visits carried out 18
    Number of places of detention visited 10
    RESTORING FAMILY LINKS
    Red Cross messages (RCMs) and reunifications
    RCMs collected 6
    RCMs distributed 5
    DOCUMENTS ISSUED
    People to whom travel documents were issued 4

    1. Grenada and Venezuela

    ICRC ACTION 121 detainees monitored individually indigenous leaders and opposition figures.
    during 17 visits to 9 places of detention Feedback from a variety of sources during
    The regional delegation focused on preven- 6 RCMs collected from and 2 distrib- the year confirmed that the ICRC’s man-
    tion and humanitarian diplomacy, rein- uted to detainees date and activities in the region were
    forcing its acceptance by political, military understood and respected.
    and police authorities and civil society and In May, the ICRC made its annual visit to
    concluding a headquarters agreement with political detainees in Grenada held in con-
    the government of Trinidad and Tobago in nection with a coup in 1983. ARMED FORCES AND OTHER
    November. The ICRC continued to encour- BEARERS OF WEAPONS
    age governments in the region to ratify and
    implement IHL treaties. Lecturers previ- AUTHORITIES Of the countries in the region, only Belize
    ously trained by the ICRC successfully inte- made significant progress in integrating
    grated IHL into courses in Venezuelan and On 19 April, Venezuela became party to the IHL into the doctrine, training manuals
    Caribbean universities. The ICRC kept the Convention on Certain Conventional and operating procedures of its armed
    media in the region regularly updated on its Weapons, following which the ICRC forces.
    activities. It also visited and monitored the offered to assist the government in enacting
    conditions of detention of people deprived implementing legislation. In November, the ICRC met the heads of
    of their freedom in connection with past the armed forces of Guyana and Trinidad
    destabilization attempts in Venezuela and The ICRC provided working groups in par- and Tobago to propose a conference in
    with the 1983 coup in Grenada. liament and the Supreme Justice Tribunal 2006, to be attended by the heads of the
    tasked with updating the criminal justice CARICOM region’s armed forces, to look at
    The ICRC initiated discussions with the code with technical advice to ensure that how to integrate IHL into military doc-
    Directorate of the CARICOM Secretariat in amendments were in line with IHL. trine, training manuals and operating
    Guyana to establish a formal cooperation procedures.
    agreement for the promotion and imple- In the CARICOM countries, progress on
    mentation of humanitarian norms and further ratifications of IHL treaties and Following negotiations lasting over a year,
    principles in the CARICOM region. their national implementation remained in January 2005 the Venezuelan Minister of
    slow, despite policy advice and technical the Interior signed a memorandum of
    As in the past, the ICRC worked with the support provided by the ICRC to individual understanding with the ICRC, paving the
    International Federation to strengthen the governments, CARICOM’s Attorneys- way for the incorporation of applicable
    capacities of the region’s National Societies. General and the CARICOM Secretariat. human rights norms into police manuals,
    training programmes and operating proce-
    Antigua and Barbuda, in August, and dures. Together with the police academies
    PEOPLE DEPRIVED Grenada, in June, became party to the of Valencia, Maracay and Barinitas, the
    OF THEIR FREEDOM Chemical Weapons Convention, bringing ICRC organized three train-the-trainer
    to 11 the number of CARICOM countries courses on the subject. It also encouraged
    The ICRC continued its regular visits to that had ratified the Convention. Trinidad the National Police Coordination Office in
    detainees at the military prison of Ramo and Tobago, after becoming the first the Ministry of the Interior to produce a
    Verde near Caracas and, jointly with the CARICOM country to ratify the Rome police manual integrating human rights
    ICRC delegation in Colombia, monitored Statute, initiated a parliamentary debate in norms applicable to policing and to revise
    the release and repatriation of 73 Colombian December on a draft bill related to the the curricula of police academies.
    citizens. During the second half of the year, national implementation of the Statute.
    the ICRC visited detention facilities admin- In the CARICOM region, after having
    istered by the security and judicial police, The delegation established and maintained stepped up training programmes and
    as well as prisons in various Venezuelan contact not only with various government advisory missions aimed at encouraging
    federal states. authorities, but also with grassroots organ- the integration of applicable human
    izations, members of the Supreme Court, rights norms into police operations and

    276
    ICRC ANNUAL REPORT 2005

    procedures, the ICRC decided to shift its RED CROSS AND


    focus towards greater awareness-raising RED CRESCENT MOVEMENT
    among the senior ranks of the police.
    The ICRC regularly met staff of the
    Venezuelan Red Cross to prepare contin-
    CIVIL SOCIETY gency plans in the event of internal strife
    and stood ready to provide the National
    The ICRC organized two workshops for Society with material support if needed.
    journalists in Venezuela and provided news
    updates to its media contacts, including the National Societies in CARICOM remained
    newly established Telesur network, whose small, with limited human, material and
    headquarters were in Caracas. The written financial resources. Moreover, the capaci-
    and electronic media in Venezuela reported ties of National Societies were stretched to
    extensively on the Geneva Diplomatic the limit during natural disasters that
    Conference on Additional Protocol III. struck in 2005, such as hurricane Ivan in
    Jamaica and coastal floods in Guyana. In the
    In the CARICOM region, in order to assess wake of these events, the National Societies
    media interest in relaying information on of both countries drew up emergency-
    humanitarian issues and on the ICRC’s role response plans to deal with future such
    and mandate, the delegation held a work- disasters.
    shop for selected senior journalists. The
    General Secretary of the Association of In May, the ICRC participated in the
    Caribbean Media Workers followed this 8th biennial meeting of Caribbean National
    with a wider survey, the findings of which Societies in Port of Spain, Trinidad and
    served as the basis for an ICRC regional Tobago. Discussions centred on disaster
    media strategy. management and preparedness, health, the
    promotion of humanitarian values, and the
    In Venezuela, the ICRC conducted two IHL management of National Societies.
    teaching courses for 40 university lectur-
    ers, all of whom made the commitment to The ICRC and the International Federation
    incorporate IHL into their own courses. At continued to provide CARICOM National
    the end of 2005, two Venezuelan universi- Societies with training support and mate-
    ties had made IHL an integral part of their rials in the area of dissemination and com-
    curricula. munication. They jointly conducted two
    workshops on international humanitarian
    In the CARICOM region, nine university standards and the Fundamental Principles
    professors from five Caribbean universities for senior National Society executives.
    participated in a teacher-training and
    curriculum-design workshop organized by
    the ICRC. As a result, during the 2005–06
    academic year, IHL was taught in selected
    universities in Guyana, Suriname, Barbados,
    Jamaica and Trinidad and Tobago.

    In March, the ICRC briefed the education


    authorities in Jamaica on the proposed
    implementation of its Exploring Human-
    itarian Law programme in secondary
    schools. However, the already overloaded
    curriculum made it difficult for the mod-
    ules to be formally integrated into it. The
    option of introducing modules selectively
    through the Red Cross Youth, which works
    closely with certain high schools, was
    explored, but no further progress was
    achieved.

    277
    lima
    COLOMBIA
    The delegation in Lima first opened in 1984. It began
    QUITO covering Bolivia, in addition to Peru, in 2003 and
    E CUAD O R Ecuador in 2004. It promotes the national implemen-
    tation of IHL and its integration into academic curric-
    A
    RIVER ula and the doctrine, operating procedures, manuals
    L AG
    AL and training programmes of the armed forces. It also
    H U ALTO BRAZIL
    HUALLAGA supports the integration of human rights norms appli-
    Tingo María cable to the use of force into the training programmes
    P ERU
    of police. The ICRC monitors conditions of detention,
    LIMA
    Ayacucho endeavours to ascertain the fate of missing persons and
    assists people affected by the lingering consequences
    Puno
    LA PAZ of the struggle between government forces and the
    BOLIVIA
    remnants of insurgent groups. The ICRC also seeks to
    PACIFIC
    OCEAN
    strengthen the capacities of the region’s National
    Societies to respond to situations of internal strife.
    PARAGUAY
    500 km CHILE
    ARGENTINA ICRC/AR.2005
    COVERING
    ICRC regional delegation ICRC office Bolivia, Ecuador, Peru

    EXPENDITURE (IN CHF ,000)


    Protection 1,356
    Assistance 818
    Prevention 1,671 CONTEXT
    Cooperation with National Societies 892
    General - Intense social protests in Bolivia and Ecuador at the end of December, the latest in a
    led to the resignations of Presidents Carlos series of attacks aimed at police forces. In
    4,738 Mesa and Lucio Gutiérrez. In Peru, President April, farmers occupied the airport of
    of which: Overheads 289 Alejandro Toledo’s approval rating remained Andahuaylas, demanding government
    IMPLEMENTATION RATE at an all-time low. support for agriculture, clashing with
    Expenditure/yearly budget 95.5% police and army units and prompting the
    In Bolivia, disagreement over the exploita- government to declare a state of emergency
    PERSONNEL
    11 expatriates
    tion of gas reserves brought the country in the two affected provinces. In Puno,
    35 national staff (daily workers not included) to a virtual standstill in May, triggering Quechua and Aymara indigenous commu-
    its most serious political and institutional nities pushed for greater autonomy and
    KEY POINTS crisis in 20 years. The country had been protested against oil and mining compa-
    increasingly polarized over the adoption of nies and the perceived corruption and mis-
    In 2005, the ICRC: a law raising taxes for foreign oil and gas management of regional and municipal
    closely followed developments in all three companies. Indigenous, rural and labour authorities.
    countries covered by the regional delegation,
    providing support to the National Societies groups demanded the nationalization of
    in responding to the needs of people affected the country’s rich gas reserves and the res- In November, the Chilean authorities
    by internal disturbances and incidents ignation of President Mesa, while a conser- arrested former Peruvian president Alberto
    of violence; vative business elite in the departments of Fujimori when his plane made a stopover
    continued to monitor the conditions
    of detention of some 1,200 people held Santa Cruz and Tarija expressed opposition in Santiago on his way to Peru. The
    under anti-terrorist laws or for alleged to the tax increase and nationalization of Peruvian government immediately initiated
    acts of “rebellion” in Peru; advocated the the industry and pushed for autonomy of extradition proceedings on charges of mur-
    establishment of a penitentiary health board their region. On 18 December, Evo Morales, der, torture, forced disappearance and
    in Peru; financed and participated in the
    supervision of health services in selected
    leader of the main opposition party and misappropriation of funds. Mr Fujimori
    Peruvian and Bolivian prisons; proponent of the nationalization of the oil remained detained in Chile while the
    continued to promote the ratification and gas industry, as well as the legalization authorities examined the Peruvian request.
    of IHL treaties and their integration into of coca leaf cultivation, won the presidential The incident came at a low point in the
    domestic law;
    elections in a landslide victory. He became relationship between the two countries:
    continued to promote the integration
    of IHL into the doctrine, training and the first indigenous president of a country following the approval by the Peruvian par-
    operating procedures of the region’s armed where 65% of the population considered liament of a law redefining its maritime
    forces (human rights norms in the case themselves as indigenous. boundaries, the Chilean government
    of the police) and into university curricula; protested that the new law would constitute
    with the Inter-American Institute of Human
    Rights, organized a regional workshop for In the Peruvian regions of Upper Huallaga, a violation of the existing treaties clearly
    experts on issues related to internal violence Ene and Apurimac, tensions intensified defining those boundaries.
    and disturbances. between coca producers, supported by rem-
    nants of the Shining Path guerrillas, and In Ecuador, two oil-producing provinces in
    armed and police forces. The government the Amazon region were the scene in August
    declared a two-month state of emergency of violent protests as the local population
    in Upper Huallaga after alleged members blocked roads, airports and oil installa-
    of the Shining Path killed eight policemen tions to demand a fairer redistribution of

    278
    ICRC ANNUAL REPORT 2005

    MAIN FIGURES AND INDICATORS

    PEOPLE DEPRIVED OF THEIR FREEDOM (All categories/all statuses) 1 CIVILIANS AND PEOPLE DEPRIVED OF THEIR FREEDOM 1
    Detainees visited 1,379 Economic security, water and habitat
    Detainees visited and monitored individually 1,257 Food Beneficiaries 62
    Number of visits carried out 169 Essential household items Beneficiaries 1,312
    Number of places of detention visited 65
    RESTORING FAMILY LINKS
    Red Cross messages (RCMs) and reunifications
    RCMs collected 124
    RCMs distributed 101
    People reunited with their families 1
    DOCUMENTS ISSUED
    People to whom a detention attestation was issued 104
    1. Peru only

    oil revenues through investment in infra- ICRC ACTION CIVILIANS


    structure benefiting local communities.
    Some 40 people were wounded in clashes The regional delegation monitored the con- Bouts of violence in Peru
    with the police. ditions of detention of hundreds of security The ICRC provided food, essential house-
    detainees in Peru and offered expertise to hold items, clothes, blankets and bus fares
    Diplomatic tensions between Ecuador and government authorities in Peru and Bolivia to a small number of people affected by
    Colombia escalated in June when the in their efforts to upgrade health services violence in Upper Huallaga and covered the
    Colombian government accused its neigh- for detainees. medical costs of 81 wounded or sick civil-
    bour of harbouring FARC (Revolutionary ians, including 15 injured by mines, explo-
    Armed Forces of Colombia) guerrillas, to In light of the social unrest in the region, sive remnants of war or bullets.
    which the Ecuadorean government replied the ICRC reinforced the capacities of
    that it maintained a neutral stance regard- National Societies to respond effectively to In July, the ICRC evacuated people wounded
    ing “Colombia’s civil war”. the consequences of violence, providing as a result of confrontations between coca
    training and suitable equipment for deal- producers and the police in Tingo María
    ing with such emergencies. It also covered (department of Huánuco) as well as vulner-
    the cost of medical treatment for people able people. During the demonstrations
    affected by the violence. against oil companies in August, the ICRC
    provided medical assistance to wounded
    The ICRC continued to provide the region’s people, visited some 20 people detained by
    armed forces with technical advice to the police and supported the Peruvian Red
    encourage the integration of IHL into their Cross’s emergency response.
    doctrine, training manuals and operating
    procedures. It also supported the integration The ICRC reinforced its presence in the
    of applicable human rights norms into the troubled region of Puno, multiplying its
    manuals, training programmes and oper- contacts with local authorities and armed
    ating procedures of the region’s police forces. opposition groups to help prevent further
    acts of violence. It documented cases of
    The ICRC introduced the teaching of IHL IHL violations and made representations to
    in a dozen universities in the region and those responsible.
    launched a programme in Peru to teach
    basic IHL principles to secondary-school 62 civilians received food and
    children. It organized workshops on IHL 58 essential household items
    for journalists and continued to encourage 11 wounded people treated in
    the region’s governments to integrate IHL first-aid posts
    instruments in general, and the Rome Statute 32 RCMs collected from and
    in particular, into national legislation. 62 distributed to civilians

    Persons missing in connection


    with past conflict
    An estimated 10,700 people were still unac-
    counted for in connection with 20 years of
    armed conflict in Peru. The Peruvian gov-
    ernment established a system through the
    Office of the Ombudsman to ensure that
    the rights of the families of missing persons
    were given due consideration and to ease

    279
    EUROPE AND THE AMERICAS LIMA

    legal proceedings undertaken by families. The ICRC financed the construction of AUTHORITIES
    The government also adopted a resolution to several classrooms and workshops, as well
    investigate cases of missing persons and, if as the extension of the infirmary, at the In Bolivia, the ICRC pressed for the adop-
    necessary, to issue families with a “certificate women’s high-security prison in Chorrillos, tion of legislative measures to implement
    of absence”. Within the framework of its benefiting all 200 inmates, of whom 130 were the Rome Statute. In Ecuador, the ICRC
    mandate, the ICRC continued to work closely security detainees. Another 955 detainees in and the Andean Commission of Jurists
    with the Office of the Ombudsman on mat- the Miguel Castro Castro prison benefited explored ways of promoting implementa-
    ters related to missing persons. from the construction of a carpentry work- tion of the Statute. With ICRC support, the
    shop and a computer classroom. The ICRC Ecuadorean Red Cross submitted to parlia-
    The ICRC encouraged the Peruvian Ministry also provided tools and machinery for ment a draft law on the protection of the
    of Foreign Affairs to table a draft resolution workshops in seven detention centres. emblem. However, Ecuador’s political and
    on persons unaccounted for in connection social crisis thwarted plans to create a
    with the conflict and their families at the Improving health in prisons national IHL committee. In Peru, the ICRC
    35th session of the General Assembly of the Within its overall policy of supporting assisted the national IHL committee in its
    Organization of American States. In May, Peru’s National Penitentiary Institute strategic planning and monitored the work
    jointly with the Pan American Health (INPE), the ICRC played a pivotal role in accomplished by the special commission
    Organization, the ICRC organized a work- designing a programme, financed by the set up to revise the criminal justice code to
    shop on the management of human remains Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis include the repression of IHL violations. It
    in disaster situations. Thirty-two experts and Malaria, to control tuberculosis (TB) also followed efforts to include the repres-
    from the Americas, Europe and the Asia- and address HIV/AIDS in nine of the coun- sion of war crimes in the revision of the
    Pacific region attended the meeting. The try’s largest prisons. military justice code. In June, the Lima
    ICRC helped cover the participation costs delegation helped organize a regional
    of four experts. The ICRC continued to push for better workshop for experts on the use of force in
    integration of prison health care into the situations of internal disturbances.
    The delegation helped an association of fam- mainstream national health system and
    ilies of the missing to collect additional infor- supported INPE in addressing everyday In all three countries covered by the regional
    mation for the provisional register of missing health issues as well as TB and HIV/AIDS. delegation, the ICRC conducted training
    persons by covering their travel expenses It helped the national coordinating body workshops on IHL in the principal judi-
    and provided office equipment to another for health care in prisons determine the cial districts. In Peru, the ICRC signed an
    association of families of the missing in number of health personnel necessary for agreement with the National Council of
    Ayacucho. It also financed the publication by penitentiary health-care services to become Magistrates to incorporate IHL into judges’
    the Forensic Medical Institute of a mono- fully functional nationwide. The ICRC also training programmes.
    graph on exhumations carried out since the financed an assessment by INPE of health
    Truth Commission published its final report. services in the country’s major prisons and,
    together with them, trained health promot- ARMED FORCES AND OTHER
    ers in 12 prisons, focusing on issues such BEARERS OF WEAPONS
    PEOPLE DEPRIVED as TB, HIV/AIDS, nutrition, hygiene and
    OF THEIR FREEDOM mental health. In addition, it set up a pro- IHL and the armed forces
    gramme to improve environmental health The Peruvian armed forces distributed to
    In Peru, some 1,200 people remained in the Chiclayo prison. their troops a general manual on IHL, pro-
    detained under anti-terrorist laws or for duced in 2004, prompting all the branches
    alleged acts of “rebellion”, but their num- 1,257 security detainees monitored of the armed forces to review their manu-
    bers kept decreasing as some of them were individually (including 76 women and als in order to bring them in line with the
    freed after serving sentences dating back to 201 newly registered detainees) during general one. With ICRC technical support,
    the 1990s. The delegation nonetheless reg- 169 visits to 65 detention centres the navy and air force incorporated IHL
    istered 162 people detained in early January 92 RCMs collected from and into their strategic manuals and the army
    when reservists from the armed forces 39 distributed to detainees into its operating and training manuals. In
    – members of an ultranationalist political 45 detainees visited by relatives with Bolivia, the integration of IHL into the doc-
    group – attacked a police station in the ICRC financial assistance trine, training and operating procedures of
    remote Andean town of Andahuaylas, 183 families contacted by telephone the armed forces continued according to
    demanding the resignation of President to inform them of the situation of plan. In Ecuador, only part of the armed
    Toledo and killing four policemen. a detained relative forces had initiated the process of integrat-
    1,254 detainees received essential ing IHL into their doctrine, operating pro-
    The Peruvian prison authorities’ new policy household items cedures and training programmes.
    of keeping detainees close to their places
    of origin meant that far fewer security In Bolivia, the ICRC organized the second Good policing
    detainees were in need of the ICRC’s fam- national meeting of health professionals In Peru, police units began to revise their
    ily visits programme. In early January, the working in prisons and monitored, with the procedures, manuals and training pro-
    ICRC suspended the programme, as prison authorities, the health services in grammes to include international human
    planned, but continued to pay transport eight detention centres. Together with the rights law applicable to policing. In Bolivia,
    fares in exceptional cases, such as to enable Ministry of Health, it also assessed the over- the implementation of a new work plan
    the children of detainees to travel from all situation of detainees’ health. to introduce pertinent human rights law
    abroad or from remote areas of the coun- in police training had still not started by
    try to visit their parents. year-end. In Ecuador, the police began

    280
    ICRC ANNUAL REPORT 2005

    implementing a cooperation agreement, RED CROSS AND Promoting IHL and the Fundamental
    signed in 2004 by the Ministry of the Interior, RED CRESCENT MOVEMENT Principles
    the police and the ICRC, aimed at integrat- The ICRC organized a photo exhibition
    ing pertinent human rights norms into With ICRC technical assistance, the Bolivian on “Women and War” with the Bolivian
    their training programmes and manuals. Red Cross enhanced its communication Red Cross and a travelling exhibition on
    strategy, especially regarding protection of displaced people worldwide with the
    the red cross emblem. Ecuadorean Red Cross. In October, the
    CIVIL SOCIETY ICRC and the Bolivian Red Cross held a
    In May, all three National Societies eval- seminar for communication volunteers
    The ICRC, with the Peruvian Red Cross uated their tracing programmes. The from all of the National Society’s branches.
    and the Institute for Legal Defence, held number of requests for tracing services
    three workshops on basic IHL principles remained low, and a capacity for disaster Coordination
    and the Movement for 160 journalists from tracing had yet to be integrated into The ICRC and the International Federation
    the departments of Ayacucho, Huánuco emergency-response and -preparedness assisted the Ecuadorean and Peruvian Red
    and Puno. Similar workshops were con- plans in all three countries. Cross Societies in revising their statutes,
    ducted by the ICRC and National Societies supporting the creation of the post of exec-
    in Quito (Ecuador) and El Alto (Bolivia). Emergency preparedness utive director in the two National Societies,
    The ICRC also held an international semi- In 2005, all three National Societies worked on emergency contingency plans
    nar for 180 journalists and journalism responded to internal disturbances and for the Bolivian Red Cross and supported
    students, organized with Quito’s Central other instances of internal violence. In the dissemination activities of the Bolivian
    University, and another for 80 participants, Bolivia, the ICRC and the National Society and Peruvian Red Cross Societies. The ICRC
    organized with the Bolivian Catholic appealed through the media for the re- also supported the implementation of the
    University. establishment of the water supply to the national development plans of all three
    capital and the supply of gas and food to National Societies.
    Schools hospitals and orphanages. The ICRC helped
    In Peru, the Ministry of Education and the Peruvian Red Cross teams reach the Andean
    ICRC supported the decentralization of the town of Andahuaylas, where violence had
    Exploring Humanitarian Law (EHL) pro- occurred on two occasions and, later in the
    gramme, organizing a first train-the-trainer year, helped them reach Piura and Iquitos,
    workshop in Cuzco in April, prompting the where violent demonstrations had been
    education authorities of five other regions staged against petroleum companies.
    to organize their own workshops, with ICRC
    support. In June, the ICRC held another Emergency teams from the Ecuadorean Red
    train-the-trainer workshop to extend the Cross proved their preparedness during
    programme to five more regions, this time violent demonstrations against President
    in the north. By year-end, 14 of the coun- Gutiérrez. The National Society was able to
    try’s 25 departments were covered by the deploy first-aid teams across the country
    programme. and provide ambulance services in Quito
    and some provincial capitals. The regional
    In October, the ICRC signed a cooperation delegation financed the purchase of gas
    agreement with the Bolivian Ministry of masks and helmets to protect volunteers.
    Education to introduce the EHL programme
    in schools. By December, a first workshop In addition, the ICRC helped:
    was held in Santa Cruz for 30 teachers.
    the Bolivian Red Cross complete
    Universities emergency-response contingency plans for
    After identifying the region’s main univer- its eight branches located in communities
    sities and think-tanks, the ICRC established prone to internal disturbances and
    a plan of action to integrate the teaching of distributed additional stocks of first-aid
    IHL into the curricula of 35 universities. materials and protective gear;
    During the year, the teaching of IHL was the Peruvian Red Cross assess its existing
    included in the mainstream compulsory emergency-response plans and
    courses of 12 law faculties and one media introduced the “Safer Access” approach
    studies department in the region. The ICRC to all 52 branches during a regional
    held refresher courses on IHL and interna- planning workshop supported by the
    tional human rights law for lecturers from International Federation;
    the universities of La Paz (Bolivia), Cuenca, the Ecuadorean Red Cross conduct
    Guayaquil and Quito (Ecuador) and Lima 3 training workshops, including on the
    (Peru). It also enabled five lecturers to “Safer Access” approach, to strengthen
    attend IHL courses abroad. its emergency teams and provided ICRC
    medical staff to assist the National
    Society in assessing hospital capacities
    in Quito and the provinces to update
    its contingency plans.

    281
    mexico city
    The Mexico delegation opened in 1998, becoming a
    regional delegation in 2002. It promotes the national
    UNITED STATES
    implementation of IHL throughout Latin America
    and the Caribbean. It also works towards the integra-
    tion of IHL into academic curricula and of IHL or
    applicable human rights norms into the doctrine and
    GULF of MEXICO training of the armed forces and the police. It
    M EX I CO CUBA strengthens the capacities of the region’s National
    MEXICO CITY Societies, mainly in the areas of dissemination and
    HAITI
    JAMAICA tracing, assists Colombian refugees and the local host
    BELIZE DOMINICAN
    PACIFIC HONDURAS R E P. population in Panama’s Darién region, and monitors
    GU ATEM A L A
    OCEAN EL SA LVA D O R NICARAGUA the conditions of detainees in Mexico and Panama.
    C O S TA R I C A
    VENEZUELA
    PA N A M A

    COLOMBIA
    750 km
    ICRC/AR.2005
    COVERING
    ICRC regional delegation ICRC office Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, El Salvador,
    ICRC-supported prosthetic/orthotic centre
    Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama

    EXPENDITURE (IN CHF ,000)


    Protection 600
    Assistance 268
    Prevention 2,927 CONTEXT
    Cooperation with National Societies 1,165
    General - Unusually strong hurricanes and tropical In Guatemala, the government provided a
    storms swept the region in the second half budget to the recently established National
    4,960 of the year, with related flash floods and Reparations Commission, thus enabling it
    of which: Overheads 303 mudslides causing the death of almost to function. Congress approved the estab-
    IMPLEMENTATION RATE 2,000 people, most of them in Guatemala, lishment of an office of the UN High
    Expenditure/yearly budget 86.6% where entire villages were buried under Commissioner for Human Rights, which
    mud. Some 54,000 Salvadorans had to flee started work in July. In October, the gov-
    PERSONNEL
    7 expatriates
    their homes, while in Mexico, 100,000 peo- ernment announced its intention to create
    29 national staff (daily workers not included) ple were evacuated from the Gulf Coast. a commission to investigate the cases of
    Severe damage to infrastructure and housing persons unaccounted for in relation to the
    KEY POINTS occurred mainly in Guatemala, El Salvador conflict. In spite of these steps forward, no
    and the southern states of Mexico. substantial progress was made in setting up
    In 2005, the ICRC: a commission of enquiry into the past
    organized a regional conference in Political and social tensions remained high behaviour of army officers and other mem-
    Guatemala on missing persons and their
    throughout the year in many countries of bers of the security apparatus. Moreover,
    families;
    supported the National Societies in the region. In Mexico and Guatemala, human rights organizations continued to
    El Salvador and Guatemala in coping with political tensions were occasionally linked receive threats for carrying out their work.
    the aftermath of hurricane Stan, which hit to general elections scheduled for 2006 but
    Central America in early October, helping also to ethnic issues and social and economic In Cuba, a sharp rise in the price of elec-
    restore family links and design better safety disparities. In El Salvador, Guatemala and tricity and stricter rules governing private
    rules for their staff and volunteers in Honduras, the rise in violent crime was businesses linked to tourism stirred discon-
    situations of internal disturbances;
    associated with the expansion of organized- tent, increasing the number of persons
    supported the region’s national IHL
    committees, leading to the ratification crime gangs or maras, made up of juvenile detained. Popular unrest also gripped
    by Mexico and the Dominican Republic delinquents. Their numbers were estimated Nicaragua and Panama. Presidential elec-
    of the Rome Statute and by Nicaragua in the tens of thousands. Governments in tions in Honduras led to the narrow victory
    of Protocol V to the Convention the region were treating the problem as of the opposition Liberal Party candidate,
    on Certain Conventional Weapons a threat to national security rather than as Manuel Zelaya.
    on explosive remnants of war; a social issue. Some local communities
    organized a seminar in Oaxaca, Mexico,
    on health in prisons;
    reacted by organizing themselves in self-
    continued to support the integration of IHL defence groups.
    or pertinent human rights norms into the
    manuals, operating procedures and training In the Mexican state of Chiapas, the
    programmes of the region’s armed and Zapatista National Liberation Army (EZLN)
    police forces. announced it had given up the armed
    struggle and planned to pursue its goals by
    creating a political front encompassing a
    broad spectrum of the population.

    282
    ICRC ANNUAL REPORT 2005

    MAIN FIGURES AND INDICATORS

    PEOPLE DEPRIVED OF THEIR FREEDOM (All categories/all statuses) 1


    Detainees visited 83
    Detainees visited and monitored individually 83
    Number of visits carried out 22
    Number of places of detention visited 20
    RESTORING FAMILY LINKS
    Red Cross messages (RCMs) and reunifications
    RCMs collected 9
    RCMs distributed 3
    Tracing requests, including cases of missing persons
    People for whom a tracing request was newly registered 5
    Tracing requests closed positively (persons located) 0
    Tracing requests still being handled at 31 December 2005 7
    DOCUMENTS ISSUED
    People to whom travel documents were issued 6

    1. Mexico and Panama

    ICRC ACTION “Safer Access” approach when confronted government, and in October, the government
    with situations of disturbances and other announced a plan to establish a missing
    The ICRC continued to encourage author- forms of violence. persons commission. In November, a study
    ities in the region to accede to IHL treaties identifying measures to be integrated into
    and to enact implementing legislation. It domestic law to prevent the disappearance
    also worked closely with armed and police CIVILIANS of people during situations of internal vio-
    forces to integrate IHL or human rights lence or armed conflict and to assist their
    norms into all aspects of training and oper- Refugees, IDPs families was completed.
    ations. Negotiations with the Mexican and residents in the Darién
    authorities on an agreement on visits to During the year, the Panamanian Red Cross The ICRC presented the recommendations
    high-security federal prisons were inter- undertook, with ICRC support, four trips of the International Conference on Missing
    rupted following the sudden death of the to the Darién region, distributing food and Persons and their Families, held in
    Minister for Public Security. essential household items to Colombian February 2003, to the Guatemalan public
    refugees and vulnerable residents. Commu- prosecutor and the National Reparations
    In November, the ICRC held the first nity leaders who had received training in Commission and continued to develop its
    workshop on health in prisons for prison primary and community health care were contacts with the principal organizations
    personnel from the Mexican states of putting their knowledge to good use. In the working on the issue. It participated, along
    Guerrero, Chiapas and Oaxaca. Also in upper Río Tuira area, 27 latrines were built with Guatemala’s major human rights
    November, it organized a conference in and another 14 upgraded, benefiting organizations, in meetings organized by the
    Guatemala to address the plight of relatives 984 people, thus completing the latrine Presidential Commission on Human Rights
    of persons unaccounted for as a result of construction project. The communities had to draft a bill related to the establishment of
    armed conflict or internal violence in also planted community gardens with seeds a missing persons commission.
    Mexico and Central America and submit- provided through the programme. The
    ted recommendations to the Guatemalan Panamanian Red Cross had set up mobile Another commission, set up to help fami-
    authorities for the adoption of national health clinics, providing medical attention lies search for children who went missing
    measures to address the issue. It offered to 261 people and dental treatment for 58. during the conflict, yielded good results,
    support to the Panamanian and Salvadoran with 324 cases resolved out of 1,280 under
    governments in carrying out a comparative The ICRC continued to facilitate the investigation. The commission presented
    study on existing legal measures aimed at exchange of RCMs and to offer tracing the ICRC with 15 cases of family reunifica-
    preventing disappearances. services to help separated family members tions to take place between Mexico and
    re-establish contact. It also provided pre- Guatemala. The ICRC provided them with
    As in previous years, the ICRC worked paid telephone cards to families whose rela- financial assistance, leading to the reunifi-
    closely with the Panamanian Red Cross to tives had been located across the border in cation of a first group of six people with
    ensure that Colombian refugees and IDPs Colombia. their families. The remaining cases were
    in the Darién region received adequate postponed until 2006 owing to the severe
    assistance and protection. Missing persons disruption caused by hurricane Stan.
    The Guatemalan government made some
    Together with the International Federation, headway in addressing the issue of persons The ICRC financed the publication of a cat-
    the ICRC helped National Societies in the unaccounted for in connection with three alogue of objects found during exhumations
    region incorporate activities to restore fam- decades of internal conflict. The National carried out by the Guatemalan Forensic
    ily links into their emergency-response Reparations Commission, set up in late Anthropology Foundation.
    plans, to raise public awareness of the 2004, was finally functioning, thanks to a
    Fundamental Principles and to apply the 40 million US dollar budget provided by the

    283
    EUROPE AND THE AMERICAS MEXICO CITY

    Mine action in Nicaragua AUTHORITIES of war crimes, to missing persons and to


    The Nicaraguan Red Cross, with ICRC sup- weapons control. Also in November, the
    port, trained 18 youth volunteers in the Central American regional ICRC and the Mexican Ministry of Foreign
    municipality of Bonanza to raise awareness organizations and IHL Affairs presented the ICRC study on cus-
    among their peers of the dangers posed by In April, the ICRC participated in a tomary international humanitarian law to
    mines and explosive remnants of war. By regional seminar in Mexico City on the members of the government and academia.
    year-end, 4,500 schoolchildren had been implementation of the Rome Statute. It also The delegation gave dissemination sessions
    alerted to the problem. In June, the ICRC attended the 24th meeting of the Central on IHL and the mandate and activities of
    and the Nicaraguan Red Cross evaluated American Educational and Cultural the ICRC to 25 members of Guatemala’s
    the programme, concluding that further Coordination in Belize, where it presented Procuraduría de Derechos Humanos.
    awareness-raising was needed among vul- regional progress achieved in the ratifica-
    nerable groups living in the vicinity of con- tion of treaties relating to the protection of
    taminated areas. cultural property in times of conflict. ARMED FORCES AND OTHER
    BEARERS OF WEAPONS
    At a meeting in Panama in September of
    PEOPLE DEPRIVED the Central American Council of Human IHL and the armed forces
    OF THEIR FREEDOM Rights Ombudsmen, the ICRC encouraged With IHL already firmly incorporated into
    the adoption of measures stemming from the curricula of military academies in the
    Most prison directors in Mexican high- the recommendations of the International region, in 2005 further progress was made
    security federal prisons were replaced when Conference on Missing Persons and their towards its fuller integration into tactical
    serious difficulties, including murders Families. manuals and standing operating procedures.
    within the detention centres, arose in late
    2004 and early 2005. Following discussions Implementation The ICRC conducted two regional training
    with the new authorities, the ICRC was able and ratification of IHL seminars on IHL for military instructors
    to visit security detainees in three such pris- In 2005, Guatemala became party to the and one for legal advisers of the armed
    ons, albeit without being granted full access Second Protocol to the Hague Convention forces. It also ran “checklist” workshops in
    to the facilities. Nevertheless, towards the on Cultural Property and Nicaragua to the the Dominican Republic, El Salvador,
    end of the year, the ICRC was able to resume Optional Protocol to the Convention on Guatemala and Mexico to identify regula-
    negotiations with the new Minister for the Rights of the Child, while the tions missing from military manuals and
    Public Security on full access to these facili- Dominican Republic and Mexico ratified conducted evaluation seminars to assess the
    ties, as well as the signing of a comprehensive the Rome Statute. With ICRC technical status of IHL integration in El Salvador,
    agreement on visits to federal prisons. support, the authorities in the Dominican Guatemala, Mexico and Nicaragua.
    Republic, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras Altogether, in 2005, 1,828 participants
    In 2005, the ICRC reviewed its detention- and Panama continued to adapt national attended 37 such workshops and events.
    related activities in Mexico with a view to criminal law to include the provisions of
    helping prison authorities in certain states IHL treaties relating to the repression of The ICRC also helped the Honduran
    better address the needs of vulnerable war crimes. Honduras ratified the Chemical armed forces draft the IHL component of
    detainees. It visited almost all the detention Weapons Convention, and Nicaragua their “White Book on Defence”, a public
    centres where security detainees were held Protocol V to the Convention on Certain policy document outlining the govern-
    in order to identify which of these facilities Conventional Weapons on explosive rem- ment’s broad defence strategy.
    could benefit from the ICRC’s support. The nants of war.
    seminar on health in prisons, which took Human rights norms
    place in November in Oaxaca with 28 par- In Mexico, the lower house of Congress applicable to policing
    ticipants, served to introduce this new approved a draft law on the use of the The regional delegation worked mainly
    approach and reinforce the ICRC’s working emblem, including the emblem of Additional with the Secretariat of Public Security of
    relationship with the prison authorities of Protocol III. The Mexican Red Cross, with the Federal District of Mexico City, organ-
    the states of Chiapas, Guerrero and Oaxaca. substantial input from the ICRC, had orig- izing workshops and training courses for
    inally tabled the draft. The Dominican police instructors on human rights norms
    82 detainees monitored individually Republic’s national IHL committee com- applicable to policing.
    (21 newly registered) during 21 visits to pleted a draft law on the protection of the
    19 places of detention emblem; in Honduras, a similar law had For Panamanian police units operating in
    44 detainees received ICRC-funded entered into force in March. the Darién, the ICRC conducted two work-
    monthly visits from relatives shops focusing on human rights principles
    In Mexico, the ICRC provided legal and pertinent to refugees and IDPs.
    The ICRC made its annual visit to one technical advice in a process leading up to
    political detainee in Panama. the Senate’s adoption of a decree incorpo-
    rating provisions of the Hague Convention
    In Cuba, the delegation once again met the on Cultural Property and its two protocols
    Minister of Health to present the organiza- into national legislation.
    tion’s mandate and its activities for people
    deprived of their freedom. In November, at a regional meeting of
    IHL committees in Managua, participants
    agreed to work on the national implemen-
    tation of measures related to the repression

    284
    ICRC ANNUAL REPORT 2005

    CIVIL SOCIETY RED CROSS AND


    RED CRESCENT MOVEMENT
    The regional delegation stepped up its con-
    tacts with journalists and editors in press, With ICRC support, most National Societies
    radio and television outlets in Mexico, as in the region revised their statutes, and
    well as with opinion leaders and academic national development plans, except for the
    circles. Together with philanthropic and Guatemalan Red Cross, focused on hurri-
    cultural institutions financed by the cane relief.
    Mexican private sector, it hosted several art
    and photo exhibitions on humanitarian Tracing in emergency response
    issues, such as children and war. It pro- The ICRC and the International Federation
    duced television spots on issues such as held workshops in Panama for National
    women and war, child soldiers and the Societies of the region to ensure that trac-
    missing, which were aired on Costa Rica’s ing services were included in their response
    national television network. to natural disasters. In the aftermath of
    hurricane Stan, the Red Cross Societies of
    Teaching IHL to future Guatemala, El Salvador and Mexico included
    decision-makers tracing in their response. The ICRC con-
    Universities in the region which had signed tributed to strengthening the tracing serv-
    cooperation agreements with the ICRC ices of the Guatemalan Red Cross in the
    made progress in the integration of IHL wake of the storm.
    into their curricula. Thirty-two lecturers
    from nine universities in Costa Rica, Promoting IHL
    Guatemala, Mexico and Panama completed and the Fundamental Principles
    their ICRC-sponsored training in IHL. With ICRC support, most National Societies
    in the region set up an IHL reference centre
    Teaching humanitarian within their headquarters and ensured that
    principles to schoolchildren dissemination and communication activities
    In Honduras, the Exploring Humanitarian were better integrated into their structures
    Law programme went ahead as planned and budgets.
    with a second teacher-trainer course. In
    El Salvador and Guatemala, although teach- The ICRC supported National Societies’
    ing continued, further development of activities promoting humanitarian action
    the programme was put on hold owing to and principles, including: a campaign on
    changes within these countries’ Education the proper use of the emblem and courses
    Ministries. and seminars for volunteers and other
    groups (Costa Rica), and promoting legis-
    lation on the protection of the emblem
    (Honduras and Mexico).

    285
    washington
    Established in 1995, the ICRC’s regional delega-
    U N I TED tion in Washington is an acknowledged source
    STATES
    of information for government officials and rel-
    evant organizations, academic institutions and
    other interested groups in the United States and
    CA N A D A Canada. The delegation heightens awareness of
    the ICRC’s mandate, mobilizes political and
    OTTAWA financial support for ICRC activities and secures
    support for IHL implementation. Since 2002,
    PACIFIC New York
    OCEAN WASHINGTON D.C. the ICRC has been regularly visiting people held
    UN I T E D S TAT E S ATLANTIC
    at Guantanamo Bay Naval Station, Cuba, and
    OCEAN Charleston Navy Brig, South Carolina. It works
    closely with the American and Canadian Red
    HAWAII Cross Societies, focusing on their international
    Guantanamo activities and the promotion of IHL.
    ICRC/AR.2005
    COVERING
    ICRC regional delegation ICRC delegation Canada, United States of America

    EXPENDITURE (IN CHF ,000)


    Protection 2,335
    Assistance 198
    Prevention 2,536 CONTEXT
    Cooperation with National Societies 243
    General - The swearing-in of President George W. Bush In late August, the southern US states of
    for a second term in office in January Alabama, Louisiana and Mississippi were
    5,312 turned the national and international hit by hurricane Katrina, which submerged
    of which: Overheads 324 spotlight back on US policies. The US gov- large swathes of land, including most of
    IMPLEMENTATION RATE ernment maintained its focus on internal the city of New Orleans, leaving tens of
    Expenditure/yearly budget 105.2% security and protection, the reform of the thousands of people displaced, an unknown
    intelligence system, the “war on terror” and number dead and billions of dollars’
    PERSONNEL
    11 expatriates
    the situations in Iraq and Afghanistan. worth of property destroyed.
    7 national staff (daily workers not included) The protracted violence in Iraq was of
    particular concern. So too was the alleged
    KEY POINTS mistreatment of detainees in US-run places
    of detention, reports of which received
    In 2005, the ICRC: extensive media coverage.
    president met the US president, secretary
    of state, national security advisor and
    Within the United States, legal discussion
    secretary of defense to discuss issues of
    ICRC concern; centred on detention practice in the context
    visited 550 people interned/detained at of the “war on terror”, in particular at the
    Guantanamo Bay, Cuba, and conducted Guantanamo Bay Naval Station in Cuba.
    private interviews with 447 of them; By March 2005, the Combatant Status
    visited 2 internees/detainees designated Review Tribunal had assessed the “enemy
    “enemy combatants” by the United States combatant” status of all internees in
    and held at Charleston Brig, South Carolina;
    Guantanamo Bay and established that
    kept the US and Canadian authorities
    informed on issues of humanitarian concern 38 internees were no longer “enemy com-
    in its operations worldwide; took steps batants”, making them eligible for repa-
    to strengthen relations with the United triation. Administrative review boards, set
    States Congress; up to review regularly the status of every
    maintained close contact with the American internee, also became operational. The
    and Canadian Red Cross Societies. military commissions, suspended follow-
    ing a decision in November 2004 by the
    District Court for the District of Columbia,
    remained inoperative but were expected
    to resume in the near future following a
    decision in July 2005 by the Appeal Court for
    the District of Columbia. Some internees/
    detainees also started using their right to
    challenge their internment/detention by
    filing a writ of habeas corpus, and a few
    obtained legal representation.

    286
    ICRC ANNUAL REPORT 2005

    MAIN FIGURES AND INDICATORS

    PEOPLE DEPRIVED OF THEIR FREEDOM (All categories/all statuses) 1


    Detainees visited 552
    Detainees visited and monitored individually 449
    Number of visits carried out 16
    Number of places of detention visited 2
    RESTORING FAMILY LINKS
    Red Cross messages (RCMs) and reunifications
    RCMs collected 4,968
    RCMs distributed 3,021
    DOCUMENTS ISSUED
    People to whom travel documents were issued 10
    People to whom a detention attestation was issued 8

    1. People detained/interned on US soil (Charleston Navy Brig) and people detained/interned by the United States in Guantanamo Bay

    ICRC ACTION CIVILIANS The ICRC held two dissemination sessions


    for soldiers and officers from the joint
    In mid-February, ICRC President Jakob Following hurricane Katrina, the ICRC’s detention-operation group at Guantanamo
    Kellenberger held discussions in Washington family-links website (www.familylinks.icrc.org) Bay. It also requested the publication in the
    with President George W. Bush, Secretary provided a platform for families and friends military base’s weekly magazine of two arti-
    of State Condoleezza Rice, National Security to get in touch. In the weeks after the dis- cles describing the ICRC, its mandate and
    Advisor Stephen Hadley and Secretary of aster, 219,898 people registered themselves work at Guantanamo Bay. The organization
    Defense Donald Rumsfeld on the ICRC’s on the site either as someone seeking a miss- also featured in a Pentagon Channel docu-
    activities in the United States and around ing relative or as someone who wanted to mentary on Guantanamo Bay. The docu-
    the globe. let relatives know they were safe. The ICRC mentary was broadcast to all US armed
    had to install additional servers to cope forces worldwide in June.
    Throughout the year, other senior ICRC with the demand.
    staff, including three directors, both from The RCM network remained available to
    Geneva headquarters and from field post- In September, the ICRC transferred the enable detainees/internees to restore and
    ings, travelled to Washington and Ottawa data on its website to the American Red maintain regular contact with their families.
    for meetings with US and Canadian offi- Cross, which had created its own website The number of messages forwarded through
    cials. Various operational, legal and com- www.katrinasafe.org. The American Red Cross the Red Cross and Red Crescent family-news
    munication issues were discussed during then began to follow up requests and sup- network doubled in 2005 compared with 2004.
    the visits. port people seeking to locate their relatives. The network involved more than 20 ICRC
    delegations and National Societies worldwide.
    The ICRC continued to play an essential
    role in monitoring the situation of internees/ PEOPLE DEPRIVED 550 internees/detainees visited at
    detainees held under US authority at OF THEIR FREEDOM Guantanamo Bay, Cuba; private
    Guantanamo Bay and the Charleston Navy interviews conducted with 447 of them
    Brig and in Afghanistan and Iraq. It devel- The ICRC regularly visited individuals held 2 internees/detainees designated
    oped and consolidated its dialogue with by the United States at Guantanamo Bay “enemy combatants” by the United States
    the US administration on issues of concern and the Charleston Navy Brig. It maintained visited at Charleston Brig, South Carolina
    related to people deprived of their freedom a confidential working dialogue with the 3,021 RCMs delivered to and
    as part of the “war on terror” and on the detaining authorities on the treatment of 4,968 RCMs collected from internees/
    relevance of IHL. the internees/detainees and their detention detainees
    conditions. ICRC delegates also interviewed
    The ICRC continued its efforts to promote 61 internees prior to their departure from
    IHL among members of the armed forces Guantanamo Bay. AUTHORITIES
    and civil societies in Canada and United
    States, participating in numerous events Long-term detention/internment in the The ICRC further intensified and consol-
    and training exercises. absence of a clear legal process, mainly idated its dialogue with the relevant US
    at Guantanamo Bay and in Afghanistan, government departments and agencies
    At the request of the American Red Cross, remained of considerable concern to the concerning its humanitarian role in con-
    the ICRC lent its assistance to people affected ICRC. The organization therefore main- flict zones worldwide. It also stepped up its
    by the devastation left by hurricane Katrina tained its constructive dialogue with the dialogue on and promotion of the place of
    in August and September. This included US authorities in Washington on intern- IHL with respect to the ongoing “war on
    creating a special web page to help thou- ment and detention in Iraq, Afghanistan terror”. Despite renewed efforts to reconcile
    sands of people in the United States re- and Guantanamo Bay. The ICRC also legal positions, significant differences of
    establish contact with relatives they had lost reiterated its concerns about a number of opinion remained between the US admin-
    touch with as a result of the disaster. people detained/interned by the United istration and the ICRC on certain issues of
    States at “undisclosed locations”. concern to the organization.

    287
    EUROPE AND THE AMERICAS WASHINGTON

    In 2005, the ICRC: in various military conferences and forums During the year, the ICRC:
    on the issue.
    participated in the 8th Annual Human held a meeting with the editorial board
    Security and Peacebuilding The delegation participated in numerous of the Wall Street Journal to introduce
    Consultations organized by the US pre-deployment exercises, mainly for the organization and discuss issues
    Canadian Ministry of Foreign Affairs; units bound for Iraq, Afghanistan and the of mutual interest;
    hired a new senior staff member to Horn of Africa. During these exercises, took part in the Ottawa public forum
    focus on relations with the US Congress; ICRC delegates simulated the organiza- on media and humanitarian affairs
    provided legal analysis of a number tion’s visits to detainees and briefed com- organized by the Canadian Red Cross;
    of legislative proposals related to manders and staff officers on its role, supported and took part in an IHL
    detention and IHL and participated mandate and activities. The ICRC also seminar organized by Harvard
    in two congressional panels; took part in training events at selected US University’s Program on Humanitarian
    contributed to workshops on topics military schools. Guest lectures by ICRC Policy and Conflict Research;
    of ICRC concern organized by the delegates had become a regular feature of sent over 6,000 copies of print and
    US authorities. the curriculum of over a dozen courses for video productions to contacts in the
    senior and specialized officers. media, academic circles, the military
    The ICRC continued to strengthen its and the American Red Cross.
    relations with the headquarters of the The ICRC also maintained regular contact
    Organization of American States (OAS) in with individual private military and secu-
    Washington, DC. Representatives of ICRC rity companies and the International Peace RED CROSS AND
    headquarters met the newly elected OAS assis- Operations Association, a Washington-based RED CRESCENT MOVEMENT
    tant secretary-general to discuss increased body whose membership consisted of US,
    dialogue between the two organizations. British and French companies. The ICRC The ICRC regularly met representatives of
    participated in two public conferences in the American and Canadian Red Cross
    Throughout the year, the delegation held the United States on the subject of contrac- Societies to brief them on major devel-
    meetings with the OAS Inter-American tors on the battlefield. opments in its humanitarian operations
    Commission on Human Rights. It also par- worldwide. The organization held discus-
    ticipated in a special session of the OAS The delegation participated in various sions with the IHL unit of the Canadian
    Committee of Judicial and Political Affairs, courses on IHL organized by the Office of Red Cross to consolidate support from the
    focusing on IHL and its implementation by the Canadian Judge Advocate General with National Society. Consultations were held
    OAS member States. Furthermore, the ICRC the support of the Canadian Red Cross. regularly with the Canadian Red Cross on
    sent a delegation to the OAS general assem- its programme for the promotion of IHL
    bly in Fort Lauderdale in June and provided within the armed forces.
    expert advice on a proposed resolution on CIVIL SOCIETY
    the issue of missing persons. During the year, the ICRC:
    The ICRC remained a reference point for
    The ICRC met the Canadian authorities the press. The delegation regularly responded deployed more than a dozen senior
    regularly to brief them on ICRC strategies to queries from the US, Canadian and inter- logistic and tracing staff to support
    and views, discuss its activities in conflict national media on operational contexts and the American Red Cross response to
    zones throughout the world and seek their humanitarian issues, such as the situations hurricane Katrina and acted as
    support in promoting IHL. Canada hosted a in Pakistan, Sudan and Iraq, the security of American Red Cross spokesperson for
    meeting of the ICRC Donor Support Group, humanitarian workers, the protection of the the international media in Washington,
    which comprises governmental and supra- civilian population and Protocol III addi- DC and Louisiana;
    national donors that contribute at least tional to the Geneva Conventions. financially supported the launch of the
    CHF 10 million to the ICRC each year. ICRC study on customary international
    The ICRC participated in an increasing humanitarian law in Canada at an event
    number of workshops, high-level sympo- organized by the Canadian Red Cross
    ARMED FORCES AND OTHER siums and NGO meetings in the United and McGill University;
    BEARERS OF WEAPONS States and Canada on topics of ICRC financially supported and participated
    concern, such as reconstruction in post- in 2 workshops on the Exploring
    The ICRC pursued its dialogue on opera- conflict situations, the application of IHL in Humanitarian Law education
    tional issues with the US Department of the “fight against terrorism”, civil-military programme organized by the American
    Defense, the unified combatant com- relations and relief assistance. The ICRC Red Cross and sponsored the partici-
    mands and the services. The ICRC presi- also continued to build up its network of pation of a Canadian teacher in one
    dent met the secretary of defense, the contacts within think-tanks and schools of of the workshops;
    deputy secretary of defense and the law and journalism. facilitated 1 basic training course at
    chairman of the joint chiefs of staff. The the American Red Cross and 2 at the
    delegation also met the commanders of In December, the delegation recruited two Canadian Red Cross for delegates
    Joint Forces Command, Central Command, Washington-based communication officers preparing for deployment overseas.
    Southern Command and European to work towards expanding contacts with
    Command. For the first time, the ICRC civil society in the United States and
    engaged in consultations with Joint Forces Canada in 2006.
    Command on more specific aspects of
    civil–military interaction and participated

    288
    new york
    The multiple tasks and activities of the United
    Nations often have implications for humanitar-
    ian action. Opened in 1983, the ICRC delegation
    to the UN serves as a support and a liaison for
    ICRC operational and legal initiatives. The del-
    egation conveys the ICRC’s viewpoint in UN
    and other New York-based forums, keeps abreast
    of trends and developments relating to human-
    itarian issues and promotes IHL.

    EXPENDITURE (IN CHF ,000)


    Protection -
    Assistance -
    Prevention 2,189 CONTEXT
    Cooperation with National Societies -
    General - UN Security Council The 60th General Assembly, “For a stronger
    African and Middle Eastern issues remained and more effective UN”, immediately fol-
    2,189 high on the agenda of the Security Council, lowed the summit, aimed to follow up and
    of which: Overheads 134 especially: the situations in Côte d’Ivoire, support implementation of the world sum-
    IMPLEMENTATION RATE Sudan (including Darfur), the Democratic mit’s decisions, as well as to discuss a wide
    Expenditure/yearly budget 93.0% Republic of the Congo and Eritrea/Ethiopia; range of other issues of international import.
    the withdrawal of Israel’s armed forces from
    PERSONNEL
    3 expatriates
    the Gaza Strip; the adoption of the new Economic and Social Council
    6 national staff (daily workers not included) constitution and the electoral process in The substantive session of the Economic
    Iraq; and the situation in Lebanon. Other and Social Council was held in New York
    KEY POINTS contexts deliberated on by the Council, from 29 June to 25 July. The humanitarian
    where the ICRC had an established pres- affairs segment focused on “Strengthening
    In 2005, the ICRC: ence or conducted activities, included the coordination of the emergency human-
    during President Jakob Kellenberger’s visit to
    Afghanistan, Bosnia and Herzegovina, itarian assistance of the United Nations,
    New York, held two informal briefings for UN
    Security Council members and representatives Cyprus, Abkhazia/Georgia, Haiti, Kosovo including organizational and operational
    of the General Assembly to exchange views and Papua New Guinea. aspects”. It concluded with the adoption of a
    on issues of concern to the ICRC; resolution on the topic, which referred to the
    participated in an expert capacity in an open In parallel to the world summit held in need for reform of the humanitarian sector.
    debate organized by the Security Council on
    the protection of civilians in armed conflict; September (see UN General Assembly), the
    followed UN negotiations on humanitarian Security Council met at the level of heads
    matters, with a particular focus on the of State to strongly condemn, through the
    strengthening of coordination of humanitarian adoption of a resolution, all acts of “terror-
    action; attended relevant sessions of the
    humanitarian segment of the Economic and ism”, whatever the motivations, wherever
    Social Council and the 60th General Assembly, committed and whoever the perpetrators.
    and delivered statements on the strengthening
    of coordination of humanitarian action; UN General Assembly
    contributed its expertise to meetings on: the
    elaboration of an international instrument on A world summit organized at the beginning
    the identification and tracing of illicit small of the 60th annual session of the General
    arms and light weapons; draft conventions Assembly brought together 151 heads of State
    on international terrorism and the suppres- or government. Its agenda covered progress
    sion of acts of nuclear terrorism; and the
    expansion of the scope of the 1994 Convention
    made on the Millennium Development
    on the Safety of UN and Associated Personnel; Goals and items proposed in the Secretary-
    attended, and delivered a statement at, the General’s report entitled In Larger Freedom,
    high-level plenary meeting organized as part including development, peace and collec-
    of the 49th session of the Commission tive security, human rights/the rule of law
    on the Status of Women marking the tenth
    anniversary of the 1995 Beijing World and the strengthening of the UN.
    Conference on Women;
    organized, in cooperation with the New York
    University School of Law, a two-day seminar
    on IHL for diplomats accredited to the UN.

    289
    EUROPE AND THE AMERICAS NEW YORK

    ICRC ACTION AUTHORITIES The ICRC also followed debates on the


    coordination of humanitarian assistance in
    The ICRC’s New York delegation remained UN Security Council the event of armed conflict or natural dis-
    in close contact with numerous UN bodies, The New York delegation followed the aster, including those organized following
    UN member States and observers, think- various thematic and operational issues the South-east Asia tsunami and South Asia
    tanks, academic institutions and the media. addressed by the Security Council. It met earthquake. Debates on UN reform were
    It endeavoured to ensure that the UN and the Security Council presidency each also followed closely, as the ensuing pro-
    its various components had an accurate month to present its concerns regarding posals and decisions could, if implemented,
    understanding of topical humanitarian operational developments on the Council’s affect the ICRC’s activities.
    issues and thus pave the way for the ICRC’s agenda and to share information and con-
    neutral and impartial activities. The dele- cerns about contexts where the organiza- The ICRC also pursued efforts to promote
    gation aimed to secure acceptance of the tion operated. its mandate and activities and knowledge of
    ICRC’s mandate and to encourage the UN IHL. It participated in an annual meeting of
    to take the ICRC’s specific concerns into The ICRC participated in several open legal advisers, held within the framework of
    account in any of its deliberations with debates on topics of interest to the organi- the Sixth Committee, during which it pre-
    direct implications for humanitarian action. zation, including: the role of the Security sented its study on customary international
    Council in humanitarian crises; the situ- humanitarian law. In addition, it took part
    The ICRC closely monitored issues of ation of children in armed conflict; coop- in a round-table on customary law organ-
    humanitarian and legal concern addressed eration between regional organizations ized by the government of Sweden for legal
    by the General Assembly and, where rele- and the Council in maintaining peace and advisers from UN missions. It also con-
    vant, informed member States and various security; women and peace and security; tributed its expertise in IHL during meet-
    organizations about the ICRC’s position and the protection of civilians in armed ings on the development and review of
    and operational activities. conflict. international norms dealing with topics
    such as “terrorism”, small arms and light
    By regularly participating in meetings In November, the head of delegation partic- weapons and the security of UN and asso-
    organized within/by the UN or its agen- ipated in the annual briefing of Security ciated personnel.
    cies, permanent missions to the UN and Council members and presented the orga-
    civil society, the ICRC continued to share nization’s mandate and its role and tasks at In cooperation with the New York University
    its field and technical experience on topi- the UN. In December, the ICRC took part School of Law, the ICRC organized a two-
    cal issues. It contributed its IHL expertise in an expert capacity in an open debate on day IHL seminar for diplomats accredited
    to meetings on the review or development the protection of civilians in armed con- to the UN.
    of international norms and the reform of flict. ICRC Vice-President Jacques Forster
    humanitarian assistance. delivered a statement.

    The debate on strengthening humanitar- UN General Assembly


    ian coordination within the UN and with In its capacity as observer, the ICRC closely
    other partners was of particular interest to followed the work of the General Assembly
    the ICRC. It therefore regularly participated and its subsidiary bodies. It attended the
    in various UN humanitarian coordination 60th session of the General Assembly,
    mechanisms. focusing particularly on the work of three
    of the six thematic committees – disarma-
    Contacts with the media accredited to the ment (First), social, human and cultural
    UN were pursued and further developed, rights and related issues (Third) and inter-
    and press communications and updates on national law (Sixth) – as well as the plenary
    specific ICRC operations were regularly agenda item on strengthening humanitar-
    circulated within the UN. ian coordination and assistance, on which
    topic the organization delivered a statement.
    Elsewhere in New York City, the ICRC con-
    tinued participating in round-table talks,
    discussion groups and workshops on topics
    related to its mandate, operations and pol-
    icy concerns.

    290
    ICRC ANNUAL REPORT 2005

    Economic and Social Council international justice, including the ARMED FORCES AND OTHER
    ICRC Vice-President Jacques Forster par- International Criminal Court and UN or BEARERS OF WEAPONS
    ticipated in the debates of the 2005 human- mixed tribunals; and the implementation
    itarian segment of the Economic and Social of weapons treaties such as the Ottawa The ICRC was again invited to give presen-
    Council, which held its substantive session Convention and the Convention on Certain tations to naval officers from a variety of
    in New York. In his statement, he stressed Conventional Weapons and its Protocols. countries being trained at the Naval Staff
    the importance of neutral and independ- College in Newport, Rhode Island. The
    ent humanitarian action. The ICRC also The ICRC attended weekly meetings of the ICRC presented IHL and the organiza-
    attended side events, following in particular Inter-Agency Standing Committee chaired tion’s related role, to familiarize partici-
    the debate on the reform of the humanitar- by the Office for the Coordination of pants with the specific nature and extent of
    ian response system. Humanitarian Affairs. As a “standing invi- its operations worldwide.
    tee”, it also attended, or closely monitored,
    At its substantive session in July 2004, the working sessions on issues such as reform
    Council had decided that the 49th session of the humanitarian response system, the CIVIL SOCIETY
    of the Commission on the Status of Women protection of civilians in armed conflict,
    should convene a high-level plenary meet- and integrated peace-keeping missions. The ICRC continued to participate in round-
    ing, open to the participation of all UN tables, discussion groups and workshops on
    member States and observers, on the imple- The delegation maintained contact with topics related to its mandate, operations
    mentation of the Beijing Declaration and UNDP, UNHCR, UNICEF, WHO and WFP and policy concerns. These included vari-
    Platform for Action and the outcome of on various operational and thematic issues. ous forums convened by organizations and
    the 23rd special session of the General It contributed to training sessions on IHL think-thanks such as the Carnegie Council
    Assembly. The meeting took place in 2005, and humanitarian action organized by on Ethics and International Affairs, the
    at which the ICRC delivered a statement. UNICEF for its field staff. International Peace Academy, the Council
    on Foreign Relations and Columbia
    UN Secretariat and associated The ICRC also regularly took part in the University. The ICRC attended Human
    structures monthly meetings of the Inter-Agency Rights Watch’s regular open meetings and
    Numerous bilateral meetings were held Coordination Group on Mine Action, as had contacts with the Coalition for the
    with various departments of the General well as other meetings and working groups International Criminal Court.
    Secretariat to discuss issues of common chaired by the UN Mine Action Service.
    concern. The issues addressed included: The delegation maintained and further
    contexts in which the UN and the ICRC developed contacts with the UN media
    were active; respect for and implementa- service and media accredited to the UN,
    tion of IHL; IHL and acts of “terrorism”; including journalists from Al-Jazeera and
    other Middle Eastern media, as well as US
    media based in New York City. The ICRC
    regularly published press releases on its
    operations and responded to queries from
    the media, private organizations and
    individuals on issues such as its working
    methods, the protection of detainees and
    the protective use of the emblem.

    Students, academics and organizations


    frequently consulted the ICRC on topical
    humanitarian issues. The delegation was
    also visited regularly by representatives of
    permanent missions, the media and the
    public and provided information and
    documentation on the ICRC, IHL and the
    study on customary international human-
    itarian law.

    291
    DELEGATIONS REGIONAL DELEGATIONS
    Algeria Kuwait
    Egypt Tunis
    Iran
    Iraq
    Israel, the Occupied Territories
    and the Autonomous Palestinian
    Territories
    Jordan
    Lebanon
    Syria
    Yemen

    MIDDLE EAST AND


    Alan Meier/ICRC

    ICRC-run programmes are often the only way for people to visit their
    detained relatives, and thus are vital for preserving family links.
    NORTH AFRICA

    SYRIA

    LEBANON
    TUNISIA
    ISRAEL IRAN
    MOROCCO IRAQ

    JORDAN
    ALGERIA KUWAIT
    LIBYA
    WESTERN SAHARA EGYPT
    BAHRAIN
    QATAR
    U.A.E.

    SAUDI ARABIA
    OMAN
    MAURITANIA

    YEMEN

    EXPENDITURE (IN CHF ,000)


    Protection
    31,656
    Assistance
    26,930
    Prevention ICRC delegation
    11,943 ICRC regional delegation
    Cooperation with National Societies ICRC mission
    8,826
    General
    156

    79,512 of which: Overheads 4,845

    Implementation rate
    69.1%
    MIDDLE EAST AND NORTH AFRICA INTRODUCTION

    In 2005, the ICRC carried out a broad range with a number of other governments of the donated emergency medical supplies to
    of protection and assistance activities, often region on the possibility of conducting vis- hospitals treating the wounded, provided
    in close cooperation with the respective its to detention places in their countries. aid to families displaced by the fighting and
    National Society, aimed at alleviating human Particular emphasis was placed on gaining delivered clean water to urban communi-
    suffering linked to past and present con- or increasing access to security detainees, ties suffering acute shortages. It further-
    flicts that have disrupted or claimed the including those held in connection with the more maintained its technical, material and
    lives of large numbers of people in the so-called “global war on terror”. training support to seven physical rehabil-
    region. It actively promoted compliance itation centres located in various parts of
    with IHL, by intervening directly with the The ICRC legal advisory service, in con- the country. In spite of its strong commit-
    parties engaged in armed conflict or inter- junction with the network of ICRC delega- ment to addressing some of the most urgent
    nal violence, particularly in Iraq and in tions in the region and the League of Arab needs in Iraq, the ICRC was painfully aware
    Israel and the Occupied and Autonomous States, encouraged Arab governments to of the frustrating limitations the difficult
    Palestinian Territories. adapt their national legislation in line with security environment imposed on its oper-
    the provisions of IHL and supported them ations. Thus, pressing and large-scale needs
    ICRC activities varied according to the in doing so. in Iraq remained unmet owing to the over-
    context but in all cases were rooted in the all weakness of the humanitarian response.
    organization’s independence, neutrality The ICRC made a concerted effort to
    and impartiality, whereby it seeks unhin- enhance its understanding of the environ- The ICRC operation in Israel and the
    dered access to all victims of armed con- ments in which it operated, to build on its Occupied and Autonomous Palestinian
    flict and internal violence and contact with traditionally strong relations with the Territories remained one of its largest
    all belligerent parties. authorities concerned and to ensure that worldwide. As in the past, the core element
    key segments of civil society had an accu- of the ICRC’s mandate was to strive to
    The ICRC provided direct assistance to the rate perception of the ICRC’s mandate and achieve respect by Israel for its obligations
    victims of ongoing or recurrent hostilities role in order to facilitate its work. Thus, under IHL towards the Palestinian popu-
    in Iraq, the Occupied and Autonomous the ICRC reinforced its dialogue with civil lation living under its occupation and to
    Palestinian Territories and Yemen. It also society representatives, religious circles and make representations to the Israeli author-
    pursued efforts to resolve humanitarian issues radical groups in order to demonstrate the ities with regard to alleged or documented
    still outstanding from past conflicts, including relevance of IHL in contemporary forms of violations of that law. Visits were made to
    clarifying the fate of people unaccounted armed conflict and violence and the ICRC’s thousands of Palestinians detained by Israel
    for in relation to the 1990–91 Gulf War and role in this regard. In all countries of the and to hundreds detained by the Palestinian
    the 1975–91 Western Sahara conflict. region, the ICRC stepped up work to pro- Authority. The ICRC significantly expanded
    mote adherence to IHL and the integration its family-visits programme for Palestinian
    Restoring and maintaining links between of its basic principles into military doctrine detainees. It also stepped up field assess-
    family members separated by conflict or and school and university curricula. ments to measure the impact of Israeli-
    imprisonment in either their home coun- imposed movement restrictions on the
    tries or abroad was another area where the To be ready to respond to needs relevant to living conditions of the Palestinian popu-
    demand for ICRC assistance remained high, its mandate, the ICRC closely monitored lation. Emergency aid was provided to
    particularly in Iraq and in Israel and the the political and humanitarian conse- thousands of particularly needy Palestinian
    Occupied and Autonomous Palestinian quences of major developments in the families, including food parcels and
    Territories, owing to the large numbers of region. These included general elections in household-relief kits for Palestinians whose
    people interned/detained in these contexts. Iraq, the evacuation of Israeli settlers and homes had been destroyed or confiscated.
    troops from the Gaza Strip, the ongoing In addition, cash-for-work and food-
    ICRC visits continued to people interned or construction of the West Bank barrier, the production projects were implemented
    detained in Algeria, Israel, the Occupied withdrawal of Syrian armed forces from in communities worst affected by acute
    and Autonomous Palestinian Territories, Lebanon, intermittent skirmishes between unemployment and poverty, and water and
    Iraq, Jordan and Kuwait to ensure that their Israeli forces and Hezbollah militants across sanitation infrastructure was rehabilitated
    treatment and living conditions complied the Israeli-Lebanese border and the volatile or developed, in coordination with the
    with applicable legal standards and, when situation in northern Yemen. Palestinian public utility authorities.
    necessary, to make recommendations to the
    detaining authorities for corrective action. In Iraq, despite severe security constraints, Gaining access to all places of detention in
    ICRC detention visits also started in the ICRC was one of the only international Lebanon remained an ICRC objective. The
    Mauritania and Tunisia, following the con- humanitarian agencies to maintain a con- ICRC maintained a capacity to respond to
    clusion of agreements with the respective tinuous operational presence in central, the emergency needs of the civilian popu-
    authorities in spring 2005. Visits to deten- southern and northern parts of the country lation in the event of a sudden intensifi-
    tion places in Yemen remained suspended since the US-led military intervention there cation of cross-border violence between
    for a third year as no agreement on working in March 2003. ICRC teams visited thou- Hezbollah militants and Israeli forces.
    procedures could yet be reached. The ICRC sands of people detained/interned by the It also offered technical advice to the
    also systematically requested access to peo- multinational forces in Iraq and the Iraqi Lebanese authorities to reinforce their
    ple previously held by the United States at authorities, and started to arrange family efforts to clarify the fate of persons unac-
    the Guantanamo Bay Naval Station in Cuba visits to one major internment facility in counted for from past conflicts.
    and transferred to their home countries. southern Iraq, which was difficult for
    Such access was accorded in a number of them to get to given its remote location. As in past years, the focus of the ICRC in
    countries, and follow-up visits to the It also rehabilitated health, water and sani- Syria was related to the Syrian population
    detainees took place. The ICRC was in talks tation facilities serving millions of people, of the Israeli-occupied Golan, which is

    294
    ICRC ANNUAL REPORT 2005

    protected by the provisions of the Fourth organization nonetheless continued to pro-


    Geneva Convention. The ICRC enabled vide female detainees with improved med-
    inhabitants of the occupied Golan to main- ical care and sewing and literacy courses to
    tain contact with family members in Syria enhance their prospects of reintegration
    proper. It also facilitated travel to Syria into society following release. Ongoing
    proper by Golanese students and pilgrims ICRC technical and material support
    who wished to pursue their studies or visit helped sustain State-run limb-fitting
    holy sites there. Continuing ICRC techni- centres caring for the physically disabled.
    cal and financial support helped to sustain As in past years, ICRC tracing and family-
    a prosthetic/orthotic centre run by the links services enabled refugees in Yemen to
    Syrian branch of the Palestine Red Crescent locate and restore contact with relatives
    Society in Damascus providing artificial in their home countries, mostly in the
    limbs and physical rehabilitation for Horn of Africa.
    Palestinians and other persons in need.
    Within the framework of a formal mecha-
    Jordan remained a key logistical and sup- nism established in early 2004, the ICRC
    ply base for ICRC operations in Iraq and worked with the Iranian authorities to clar-
    the Occupied and Autonomous Palestinian ify the fate of prisoners of war who were
    Territories. In Jordan itself, the ICRC vis- registered by the ICRC during the 1980–88
    ited people deprived of their freedom and Iran-Iraq war or known to it via RCMs
    restored contact between people in Jordan exchanged during that period. The ICRC
    and members of their families detained/ also offered to facilitate a mechanism
    interned abroad or between family mem- between Iran and Iraq aimed at shedding
    bers otherwise separated by conflict. The light on the fate of thousands of other
    ICRC also continued to facilitate the trans- people missing from the same conflict.
    fer of people in need of medical care
    between the West Bank and Jordan. In Algeria, the ICRC carried out detention
    visits and cooperated with the Algerian Red
    The principal objective of the ICRC in Crescent Society to assist women and child
    Egypt was to promote greater knowledge victims of violence and to strengthen its
    and acceptance of IHL at the national level national first-aid network. It also provided
    and, in cooperation with the Cairo-based assistance to a prosthetic/orthotic unit in
    League of Arab States, throughout the Algiers using ICRC technology to produce
    region. The ICRC’s regional documenta- artificial limbs for Algerian amputees.
    tion and promotion centre in Cairo contin-
    ued to produce written and audiovisual The Tunisia regional delegation repatriated
    materials on IHL, including translations the remaining Moroccan prisoners follow-
    into Arabic of IHL treaties, for distribu- ing their release by the Polisario Front after
    tion to government and civil society audi- interviewing them individually to ensure
    ences in the region. Another priority was that they wished to return to their country
    to facilitate the resettlement of asylum of origin. In addition, the delegation began
    seekers and refugees, mainly from Africa, in detention visits in Tunisia and Mauritania
    third countries. after concluding access agreements with the
    authorities concerned. Acting as a neutral
    Resolving humanitarian issues still out- intermediary, the ICRC worked with the
    standing from the 1990–91 Gulf war, in Moroccan authorities and the Polisario
    particular the fate of persons unaccounted Front to try and clarify the fate of combat-
    for in relation to that conflict, was a con- ants from both sides unaccounted for in
    tinuing priority for the Kuwait regional relation to the Western Sahara conflict.
    delegation. The Tripartite Commission set
    up by the ICRC in 1991 to address these The ICRC has maintained a permanent
    issues remained the official forum for dis- presence in most countries of the region for
    cussions between the parties concerned, several decades.
    namely Iraq, Kuwait and the coalition
    States – France, Saudi Arabia, the United
    Kingdom and the United States. The regional
    delegation also increased cooperation with
    the National Societies in the Gulf region.

    In Yemen, the ICRC sought to resume


    detention visits, which it suspended in 2003
    following a decision by the Yemeni author-
    ities to restrict as of 2004 the organiza-
    tion’s access to central prisons only. The

    295
    algeria
    MEDITERRANEAN SEA The ICRC in Algeria carries out visits to people
    ALGIERS held in places of detention run by the Ministry
    of Justice and to people remanded in custody in
    TUNISIA police stations and gendarmeries. It cooperates
    closely with the Algerian Red Crescent, support-
    MOROCCO
    ing in particular its efforts to assist women and
    child victims of violence and to strengthen its
    ALGERIA national first-aid network. The ICRC also works
    to promote IHL among Algerian civil society,
    LIBYA
    WESTERN the authorities and the armed forces.
    SAHARA

    MAURITANIA

    MALI
    NIGER

    400 km
    ICRC/AR_2005

    ICRC delegation

    EXPENDITURE (IN CHF ,000)


    Protection 743
    Assistance 27
    Prevention 284 CONTEXT
    Cooperation with National Societies 907
    General - In September 2005, a national referendum Rising oil prices generated increased rev-
    endorsed the Charter for Peace and enue for the government to finance social
    1,961 National Reconciliation, which proposed and economic reforms and development
    of which: Overheads 120 an amnesty for people allegedly implicated programmes initiated by the Algerian
    IMPLEMENTATION RATE in the years of intense civil strife that fol- president following his re-election in 2004.
    Expenditure/yearly budget 75.5% lowed Algerian general elections in 1991. The government also took steps to reform
    President Abdelaziz Bouteflika presented the country’s judicial and penitentiary
    PERSONNEL
    4 expatriates
    the charter to the electorate as part of on- systems and to privatize certain business
    5 national staff (daily workers not included) going efforts by the authorities to promote sectors with a view to boosting the econ-
    national unity fractured by the violence of omy and reducing unemployment.
    KEY POINTS the 1990s, which left between 150,000 and
    200,000 people dead. Sporadic clashes The National Advisory Committee for the
    In 2005, the ICRC: nevertheless persisted between Algerian Promotion of Human Rights, officially
    stepped up visits to prisons, police stations
    security forces and armed militants. mandated to set up an ad hoc mechanism
    and gendarmeries to assess the treatment
    and living conditions of people detained to address the issue of people unaccounted
    by the Algerian authorities; for in Algeria, submitted its findings in a
    continued to provide technical, training confidential report to the government at
    and financial assistance for Algerian Red the end of March.
    Crescent programmes designed to help
    women and children overcome the trauma
    of violence and reintegrate into society;
    provided technical, material and financial
    support to a prosthetic/orthotic production
    unit using ICRC technology to fit Algerian
    amputees;
    gave material assistance and training
    to enhance the capacities of the Algerian
    Red Crescent’s first-aid, dissemination
    and tracing and RCM services;
    working with the National Society, restored
    contact between people in Algeria and their
    family members detained/interned abroad
    or living in countries affected by conflict;
    reinforced contacts with Algerian universities
    to promote the inclusion of IHL in law
    curricula and helped lay the groundwork
    for the educational authorities to pilot-test
    the Exploring Humanitarian Law programme
    in a number of Algerian schools.

    296
    ICRC ANNUAL REPORT 2005

    MAIN FIGURES AND INDICATORS

    PEOPLE DEPRIVED OF THEIR FREEDOM (All categories/all statuses) WOUNDED AND SICK
    Detainees visited 12,045 Physical rehabilitation
    Detainees visited and monitored individually 279 Patients receiving services Patients 69
    Number of visits carried out 64 Prostheses delivered Pieces 30
    Number of places of detention visited 57
    RESTORING FAMILY LINKS
    Red Cross messages (RCMs) and reunifications
    RCMs collected 36
    RCMs distributed 74

    ICRC ACTION PEOPLE DEPRIVED 24 new patients fitted with prostheses


    OF THEIR FREEDOM and 37 with orthoses
    The ICRC in Algeria focused mainly on 30 protheses (4 for mine victims)
    visits to places of detention to assess the At the end of 2005, an estimated 40,000 peo- delivered
    treatment and living conditions of ple were being held in 127 penitentiary
    detainees and on strengthening the capacity centres under the authority of the Ministry
    of the Algerian Red Crescent to deliver of Justice. The ICRC continued to visit AUTHORITIES
    humanitarian services. detainees in a number of these centres under
    the terms of an access agreement concluded The ICRC kept up a regular dialogue with
    Visits to places of detention run by the with the ministry in 1999. Visits were also the Algerian authorities with a view to accel-
    Ministry of Justice and to people remanded in made to people remanded in custody in erating the national implementation of IHL
    custody in police stations and gendarmeries police stations and gendarmeries. treaties to which Algeria had acceded. In
    were stepped up following a reinforcement addition, the ICRC:
    of the ICRC’s detention team in Algeria. During these visits, particular attention was
    paid to monitoring the treatment and deten- participated in an international
    The ICRC maintained its assistance to tion conditions of women and minors. symposium on the implementation
    Algerian Red Crescent programmes for of the Ottawa Convention held in
    women and children traumatized by vio- After each visit, ICRC delegates conveyed Algiers in May, jointly organized by
    lence. Emphasis was also placed on helping their observations, together with recom- the Ministry of Employment and
    Red Crescent staff and volunteers at local mendations for any necessary corrective National Solidarity and the UNDP
    and provincial level to develop multi- action, to the authorities directly in charge (in November, Algeria destroyed its
    disciplinary skills to enhance their ability to of the detention facilities, as well as to the remaining stocks of anti-personnel
    respond to emergencies, particularly in the State prosecutors concerned. The ICRC mines);
    fields of first-aid, psychological support, also submitted to the detaining authorities participated in a regional symposium
    tracing and communication. a summary report of its visits carried out on the trafficking of small arms and
    in 2004. light weapons, organized by the UN
    Another priority for the ICRC was to and the League of Arab States in Algiers
    develop contacts with the Algerian author- 12,045 detainees visited, including in April;
    ities and key civil society circles such as 279 monitored individually, during The Algerian authorities worked on
    the media to promote IHL and boost sup- 64 visits made to 57 places of detention, legislation to repress crimes against
    port for the organization’s mandate and including prisons, police stations and humanity following the adoption
    humanitarian activities. gendarmeries by the Council of Arab Justice Ministers
    3 RCMs distributed on behalf of a draft law related to the ratification
    of detainees and their families and implementation of the Rome
    CIVILIANS Statute. They also made moves to
    create a national IHL committee
    The ICRC continued to support Algerian WOUNDED AND SICK and to draft a law on the protection
    Red Crescent programmes for women and of the emblem.
    children suffering the effects of violence As part of an ongoing programme initiated
    (see Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement). in 2001, the ICRC provided technical and
    financial support to the Ben Aknoun phys- ARMED FORCES AND OTHER
    In cooperation with the National Society, the ical rehabilitation centre in Algiers, which BEARERS OF WEAPONS
    ICRC provided tracing and RCM services used low-cost polypropylene technology
    to help Algerians locate and restore contact and ICRC materials to produce artificial The ICRC remained at the disposal of the
    with family members detained/interned limbs and other orthopaedic appliances for Algerian authorities to help them incor-
    abroad or living in countries such as Iraq the disabled. porate the systematic teaching of IHL into
    where communications remained difficult. the theoretical and practical instruction
    69 patients received services at ICRC- programmes of the Algerian armed forces.
    36 RCMs collected and 71 delivered supported rehabilitation centre

    297
    MIDDLE EAST AND NORTH AFRICA ALGERIA

    2 Algerian military officers participated RED CROSS AND


    in a regional seminar on IHL organized RED CRESCENT MOVEMENT
    by the ICRC in Cairo (see Egypt)
    By the end of 2005, the Algerian Red
    Crescent, with ICRC assistance, had trained
    CIVIL SOCIETY thousands of first-aid workers who could
    be mobilized at short notice to respond to
    The ICRC broadened its network of con- emergencies regionally and nationwide.
    tacts with the Algerian media to promote
    more widespread coverage of IHL-related Throughout the year, the ICRC continued
    issues. to provide technical, training and material
    support for an Algerian Red Crescent
    Contacts were also reinforced with the programme to help women and children
    Ministry of Higher Education and with six overcome the trauma of violence and to ease
    university law faculties and the national their reintegration into society through
    administration school to encourage the psychological support and vocational train-
    study of IHL at university level. The ing. The programme was implemented in
    ICRC also: 15 selected regions (wilayat).
    The ICRC, together with the National
    gave lectures on IHL at the Universities Society, also organized follow-up training
    of Annaba and Sidi Bel Abbès and courses in tracing, restoring family links
    provided documentation on IHL to and communication for Red Crescent vol-
    the library of the University of Algiers; unteers in 46 of the country’s 48 wilayat.
    sponsored the participation of For its part, the Algerian Red Crescent dis-
    2 Algerian law students in a competition tributed and collected RCMs exchanged
    on the International Criminal Court between people in Algeria and their family
    organized by the Belgian Red Cross and members detained/interned abroad and
    that of 2 other law students in a course organized follow-up courses in communi-
    on IHL at the Arab Centre for Legal cation and first aid across the country for
    and Judicial Studies in Beirut; staff previously trained in these fields with
    coached 3 students selected to ICRC support.
    participate in a moot-court competition
    on IHL in 2006; With ICRC support, the National Society
    ran a second training seminar for produced a regular newsletter, made a
    teachers on the Exploring Humanitarian documentary film on its activities and
    Law (EHL) programme, in conjunction maintained and updated its website.
    with the Ministry of Education;
    monitored initial pilot-testing of
    the EHL programme in a number
    of schools near Algiers;
    invited an Algerian journalist to
    participate in a seminar on the protection
    of civilians in times of conflict
    organized by the ICRC in Dubai.

    298
    egypt
    MEDITERRANEAN SEA
    The ICRC delegation in Cairo promotes the
    implementation of IHL through national legis-
    ISRAEL lation, in cooperation with the League of Arab
    JORDAN
    CAIRO States, throughout the Arab world. It provides
    training in IHL for the armed and security forces,
    SAUDI civilian and military judges, parliamentarians
    ARABIA
    and diplomats, and promotes its inclusion in
    EGYP T university and school curricula. These efforts are
    NI
    backed up by technical and academic support to
    LE RED SEA IHL implementation bodies, by the production
    LIBYA and distribution of IHL teaching materials and by
    increasing local capacities to teach IHL, includ-
    ing that of the Egyptian Red Crescent Society.
    Regional media communication is also carried
    out from Cairo, where the ICRC’s regional doc-
    200 km SUDAN
    umentation and promotion centre is based. The
    ICRC/AR_2005
    ICRC has been in Egypt, with interruptions, since
    ICRC delegation
    the beginning of the Second World War.

    EXPENDITURE (IN CHF ,000)


    Protection 170
    Assistance -
    Prevention 1,074 CONTEXT
    Cooperation with National Societies 100
    General - Egypt remained at the forefront of Arab Meanwhile, the state of emergency declared
    initiatives to defuse tension in the region in 1981 remained in force as a precaution
    1,344 generated by the conflict in Iraq, the Israeli- against any resurgence of the violent Islamic
    of which: Overheads 82 Palestinian crisis and the situation in militancy that disrupted the country in
    IMPLEMENTATION RATE Lebanon and Syria. the 1990s.
    Expenditure/yearly budget 86.6%
    In February, Egypt hosted an Israeli- In September, President Hosni Mubarak
    PERSONNEL
    5 expatriates
    Palestinian summit, which led to a tempo- was re-elected to a fifth consecutive term
    35 national staff (daily workers not included) rary suspension of hostilities between the of office in a vote which for the first time
    two parties. allowed multiple candidates to stand, in
    KEY POINTS accordance with a constitutional amend-
    Egypt and Israel agreed to the deployment ment endorsed by referendum in May. The
    In 2005, the ICRC: of Egyptian troops along Egypt’s border president won 88% of the vote, which regis-
    promoted and supported mechanisms to
    with the Gaza Strip to secure the area and to tered a low turnout of 33%, widely attrib-
    incorporate IHL into national law, university
    and school curricula and the teaching and prevent arms smuggling into the territory uted to the abstention of most key opposition
    training programmes of the national armed following Israel’s pullout in August. parties. Legislative elections followed in
    forces in the Arab world; November and December, in which candi-
    organized regional conferences and workshops Under an international agreement imple- dates from the ruling National Democratic
    on IHL, in conjunction with the League of mented in December, European Union Party won 80% of parliamentary seats,
    Arab States and national authorities, for a police observers were stationed at the Rafah while independent candidates close to the
    broad range of Arab government and military
    checkpoint between Gaza and Egypt, where banned Muslim Brotherhood movement
    audiences to promote greater understanding
    and acceptance of IHL in the Arab world; people were allowed to cross from one side secured 20%, a fivefold increase in their leg-
    worked closely with the League of Arab to the other for the first time without Israeli islative representation.
    States and with Arab governments to authorization and direct controls. Several
    accelerate the IHL implementation process, violent incidents occurred on the Gaza Large numbers of people fleeing war, inter-
    in accordance with a plan of action agreed side of the crossing in late December, which nal violence and economic hardship con-
    upon at a regional meeting of Arab experts led to episodes of lawlessness and a number tinued to enter Egypt seeking asylum, refugee
    organized by the Arab League and the ICRC
    in Cairo in February 2005;
    of deaths. status or resettlement in third countries.
    enabled asylum seekers and refugees to trace Although primarily from Sudan, a signifi-
    and restore contact with family members in Internal security was tightened and a num- cant portion also came from other countries
    their home countries and helped re-establish ber of arrests were made following bomb in the same region.
    links between people in Egypt and their attacks in the Egyptian Red Sea resort of
    family members detained/interned abroad; Sharm el-Sheikh in July, in which 67 people Several thousand Sudanese nationals
    issued travel documents to recognized refugees
    were killed and many more injured. Another demanding resettlement in third countries
    to facilitate their resettlement in third countries;
    developed interaction with key elements eight people were killed in attacks in Cairo in took part in a prolonged sit-in near the
    of civil society, including human rights April. These incidents followed bomb attacks UNHCR office in Cairo. More than
    organizations and the media, to promote in the Sinai Peninsula in October 2004, in 20 Sudanese were reported killed when police
    knowledge of and support for the ICRC’s which 34 people died and 159 others were broke up the protest in late December.
    mandate and activities, as well as its position injured.
    on major issues of humanitarian concern.

    299
    MIDDLE EAST AND NORTH AFRICA EGYPT

    MAIN FIGURES AND INDICATORS

    RESTORING FAMILY LINKS


    Red Cross messages (RCMs) and reunifications
    RCMs collected 153
    RCMs distributed 214
    Tracing requests, including cases of missing persons
    People for whom a tracing request was newly registered 29
    Tracing requests closed positively (persons located) 44
    Tracing requests still being handled at 31 December 2005 100
    DOCUMENTS ISSUED
    People to whom travel documents were issued 5,192

    ICRC ACTION As in past years, the ICRC’s tracing and disrupted by conflict or other situations of
    RCM services enabled Egyptians to restore violence where communications remained
    Egypt continued to be the focal point of and maintain contact with family members difficult.
    ICRC activities to promote greater knowl- detained/interned abroad or living in coun-
    edge and acceptance of IHL in countries of tries affected by armed conflict. Refugees 153 RCMs collected and 214 distributed
    the Middle East and North Africa. in Egypt were able to re-establish links with from and to families in Egypt and
    family members in their home countries by relatives either detained/interned
    Working in close cooperation with the the same means. Furthermore, ICRC travel abroad, mainly in Iraq or in the
    Cairo-based League of Arab States, the ICRC documents issued to thousands of asylum US detention facility in Guantanamo
    reinforced its advocacy role aimed at per- seekers and refugees – mainly nationals from Bay Naval Station, or living elsewhere
    suading Egyptian and other Arab govern- countries in the Horn of Africa – facilitated abroad
    ments to accede to IHL instruments or to their resettlement in third countries. 5,192 people received ICRC travel
    implement those already ratified. As part documents
    of this process, the ICRC’s legal advisory 29 new tracing requests received,
    service conducted studies in a number of CIVILIANS 44 closed positively and 100 remained
    Arab countries to assess the compatibility pending
    of their national legislation with IHL, as a Large numbers of people fleeing their home
    means of helping governments to modify countries for political or economic reasons
    their respective laws, where appropriate. continued to arrive in Egypt. The majority AUTHORITIES
    Legal advice was also provided on request came from Sudan, other countries in the
    to government legislative bodies in draft- Horn of Africa, the Great Lakes region and Regional
    ing model laws incorporating the main West Africa. Only a limited number were Close contact was maintained with the
    provisions of IHL. granted refugee status in Egypt or accepted Arab League and with Arab governments to
    for resettlement in third countries. Those accelerate the IHL implementation process,
    Regional and national seminars coordi- who had no valid identification papers in accordance with a plan of action agreed
    nated from Cairo across the region helped required travel documents issued by the at regional meetings of Arab experts
    to promote the integration of IHL into uni- ICRC. This process was coordinated organized jointly by the Arab League and
    versity and school curricula and into the together with the embassies of destination the ICRC.
    theoretical and operational training pro- countries, UNHCR, the International
    grammes of national armed and security Organization for Migration, governmental Countries that had not already done so
    forces in Arab League member States. agencies and NGOs. Most recipients of were encouraged to establish national com-
    ICRC travel documents were Sudanese mittees for the implementation of IHL, as
    In support of these activities, the ICRC’s nationals travelling to Australia, Canada well as parliamentary commissions on IHL.
    regional documentation and promotion and the United States. By the end of December, nine countries of
    centre in Cairo continued to produce the region had created national committees
    written and audiovisual materials on IHL, Asylum seekers and refugees, particularly and six others were in the process of doing
    including Arabic translations of IHL Sudanese nationals, also continued to so. In support of these goals, ICRC experts
    treaties, for distribution to governments require ICRC assistance to locate and carried out missions from Cairo to Jordan,
    and national implementation bodies. The restore contact with family members in Lebanon, Morocco, Qatar, Sudan and Syria
    ICRC’s Cairo-based Arabic website was also their home countries through the ICRC in 2005.
    widely consulted as a key reference source tracing and RCM network. Information on
    on IHL-related issues. their tracing needs was gathered during The ICRC legal advisory service continued
    visits to refugee communities. to provide expertise and IHL-related docu-
    Cooperation was reinforced with the mentation, as well as draft model laws, to
    Egyptian Red Crescent Society to strengthen In addition, the ICRC helped families living governments and IHL implementation
    its capacity to deliver humanitarian serv- in Egypt to trace and re-establish contact bodies in the region.
    ices in accordance with the Fundamental with relatives either detained/interned
    Principles. abroad or unaccounted for in countries

    300
    ICRC ANNUAL REPORT 2005

    In November, a draft law related to into military teaching and training pro- 2nd regional meeting on IHL for journal-
    the ratification and implementation grammes during missions in Iran, Israel, ists organized by the ICRC in Dubai, on
    by Arab governments of provisions Jordan, Lebanon, Oman, Sudan, Syria, how the media can contribute to the pro-
    of the Rome Statute was adopted by Tunisia and Yemen. tection of civilians and the prevention of
    the Council of Arab Justice Ministers; IHL violations.
    In 2005, the Cairo delegation organized In December, a seminar on IHL was con-
    several regional meetings on IHL, ducted in Cairo for 38 operational and The ICRC reinforced its networking with
    variously with the League of Arab legal representatives of the armed forces of Islamic religious leaders and organizations
    States, the Arab Parliamentary Union 17 Arab States. Discussions centered on throughout the region to promote an accu-
    and/or national authorities; ways to accelerate the systematic incorpora- rate perception of the ICRC as an organi-
    February: representatives from 15 Arab tion of IHL into military doctrine, teaching zation carrying out humanitarian tasks on
    States examined measures to reinforce and training programmes. a strictly independent, neutral and impar-
    implementation mechanisms for IHL tial basis.
    at a meeting in Cairo; Cooperation in this field was strengthened
    March: a first training course on IHL with the League of Arab States, which invited Egypt
    took place for civilian and military the ICRC to participate in discussions on The ICRC broadened contacts with civil
    judges from 10 Arab countries, at the IHL-related issues during periodic meet- society groups, including NGOs active in
    Kuwait Institute of Judicial and Legal ings of Arab military officials at its Cairo the fields of human rights, mine action,
    Studies; headquarters. The first such participation international mechanisms of justice and the
    June: the 2nd regional seminar on occurred in December at a meeting on mil- protection of children in armed conflict,
    IHL was held in Beirut for government itary terminology attended by 50 high- and with representatives of Islamic circles.
    representatives from 15 Arab countries; ranking officers from 17 Arab States.
    November: 42 parliamentarians from The ICRC was invited to address several
    11 Arab countries met in Damascus Egypt international conferences hosted by Egypt on
    and adopted a first plan of action The ICRC reviewed the current status of humanitarian issues. These included a meet-
    regarding legislative aspects of national IHL teaching in the Egyptian armed forces ing organized by the Egyptian government
    implementation of IHL at a meeting with senior military officials and discussed in February to mark the 10th anniversary of
    in Damascus. with them measures to introduce IHL sys- the Rwandan genocide; a UN-organized
    tematically into theoretical and practical regional consultation on violence against
    In addition, IHL training courses and sem- military training programmes. In November, children in June; and an international
    inars were organized for various govern- a course on IHL was conducted for 21 sen- conference on landmines organized in
    ment, civil society and National Society ior officers, most of whom were military December by the Egyptian National Council
    audiences in Jordan, Lebanon, Morocco, instructors. on Human Rights.
    Qatar, Syria and Tunisia.
    Meetings were held with senior officers of A national workshop for journalists took
    The ICRC published its third annual report the Egyptian police academy to discuss place in June for 18 media representatives to
    in June on progress on the implementation ways of incorporating humanitarian prin- foster better understanding of the ICRC and
    of IHL in the 22 Arab League member States. ciples and relevant human rights standards to promote media coverage of issues related
    into training programmes for the security to IHL and human rights in armed conflict.
    In November, the ICRC signed an agree- forces. Further dissemination sessions were
    ment with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs conducted for hundreds of police and Exploring Humanitarian Law
    of the United Arab Emirates to establish a prison officers at various academies and The ICRC’s Exploring Humanitarian Law
    regional IHL training centre for diplomats. training centres under the authority of the (EHL) education programme was intro-
    Ministry of the Interior. duced in the region in 2002, and its incorpo-
    Egypt ration into school curricula was at varying
    As part of a longstanding programme, the stages in the different member countries
    ICRC gave presentations on IHL to hun- CIVIL SOCIETY of the Arab League. By December 2005,
    dreds of civilian and military judges and ten countries of the region had initiated the
    public prosecutors at various academies Regional programme and eight had already reached
    and training centres under the authority of The ICRC’s regional communication and or completed the training and experimen-
    the Ministry of Justice. documentation centre provided media cir- tation phase and were due to start integrat-
    cles in the Arab world with Arabic-language ing the modules into school curricula.
    In August, Egypt ratified the Second Protocol publications, including the quarterly Al Insani
    to the Hague Convention on Cultural (The Humanitarian) magazine, background Teacher training in the EHL programme
    Property. material and documentary video coverage was carried out from Cairo throughout
    of ICRC activities and IHL-related issues. the region, together with missions to assess
    and support its integration into secondary-
    ARMED FORCES AND OTHER Missions were carried out to Algeria, Jordan, school education. In Egypt, follow-up train-
    BEARERS OF WEAPONS Sudan, Syria, Tunisia and Yemen to help ing courses in EHL were held for teachers of
    organize national workshops on IHL and the subject in five governorates (Assyut,
    Regional the ICRC for the media and NGOs. Cairo, Guizeh, Ismaeliya and Qena).
    Cairo-based ICRC experts organized train-
    ing courses on IHL for military instructors High-level media representatives from A new form of collaboration was initiated
    and/or promoted the integration of IHL 12 Arab countries participated in a with a Gulf-based Pan-Arab TV network

    301
    MIDDLE EAST AND NORTH AFRICA EGYPT

    and its specialized channel for children to In August, in collaboration with the Arab RED CROSS AND
    promote humanitarian issues among young League, the ICRC organized the 3rd regional RED CRESCENT MOVEMENT
    people through educational programmes seminar on IHL for 45 professors from
    and TV spots. 17 Arab States, who exchanged experi- Following a field assessment in June, the
    ences on their respective IHL teaching ICRC rehabilitated an Egyptian Red Crescent
    New information and teaching tools on programmes, mainly in law faculties, and health post in Rafah on Egypt’s border with
    EHL were developed, including brochures were provided with updated information the Gaza Strip and stocked it with emer-
    and a CD-ROM version of the programme in and teaching tools. gency relief supplies. In recent years, the
    Arabic, and information on the programme health post had provided medical and other
    was updated on the ICRC’s Arabic website. A first meeting of Arab officials respon- emergency assistance to Gaza residents
    sible for university curricula and higher blocked on the Egyptian side of the border
    IHL teaching in universities education was organized in Beirut in by recurrent Israeli security closures.
    A thorough survey to assess the current September for 25 experts from 11 Arab
    scope of IHL teaching in law faculties in the States, including the heads of the Union of
    Arab world was conducted together with the Arab Universities and of the Scientific Egyptian Red Crescent staff received train-
    education authorities concerned. It showed Committee of Arab Law Faculties. The meet- ing to strengthen their capacities to deal
    an uneven state of such teaching across the ing adopted new guidelines on the integra- with tracing requests from refugees and
    region and the need for increased training tion of IHL into university curricula. families in Egypt seeking to re-establish
    in IHL in order to speed up its integration contact with relatives in their home coun-
    into university curricula. In response, the At the end of 2005, the ICRC completed a tries or with family members detained/
    ICRC has produced a number of reference comprehensive manual on IHL for academic interned abroad.
    texts and books on the subject, curricula circles, to be released at the beginning
    models, teaching methodology tools and of 2006. As a contribution to the National Society’s
    sample cases of IHL issues. emergency-preparedness and first-aid
    programmes, the ICRC provided new first-
    aid dummies to Red Crescent branches and
    sponsored the training of volunteers by
    the Egyptian civil defence service in fire-
    fighting and rescue operations.

    In July and September, the ICRC helped the


    Egyptian Red Crescent to organize training
    seminars on IHL and the Movement in
    Cairo for 60 staff and volunteers from
    branch offices in 20 governorates.

    The National Society maintained its sup-


    port for ICRC emergency relief operations
    in various parts of the world.

    302
    iran
    The ICRC in Iran endeavours to clarify the fate
    ARMENIA AZERBAIJAN
    TURKMENISTAN of POWs it registered during the 1980–88
    CASPIAN
    TURKEY SEA Iran-Iraq war and acts as a neutral intermediary
    between the parties. It also works to strengthen
    Mashhad
    its partnership with the Iranian Red Crescent
    TEHRAN
    Society, particularly in the fields of tracing,
    Kermanshah AFGHANISTAN the promotion of IHL, the implementation of
    IRAQ IRAN the Exploring Humanitarian Law programme
    and mine-risk education. The ICRC maintains
    two logistical and supply bases in Iran in support
    PAKISTAN of ICRC operations in Iraq and Afghanistan.
    KUWAIT
    It has been present in Iran since 1978, with
    PERSIAN
    SAUDI ARABIA GULF some interruptions.
    BAHRAIN
    QATAR
    GULF of OMAN
    300 km U.A.E. OMAN ICRC/AR_2005

    ICRC mission ICRC office

    EXPENDITURE (IN CHF ,000)


    Protection 921
    Assistance -
    Prevention 1,108 CONTEXT
    Cooperation with National Societies 480
    General 2 In June, Mahmoud Ahmadinejad won a A series of high-level bilateral talks between
    resounding victory in Iran’s presidential Iran and Iraq covered a wide range of topics,
    2,510 election, defeating former president Akbar including unresolved issues stemming from
    of which: Overheads 153 Hashemi Rafsanjani in a run-off ballot. the 1980–88 Iran-Iraq war. As a further sign
    IMPLEMENTATION RATE Mr Ahmadinejad replaced Mohammad of warming relations between the two coun-
    Expenditure/yearly budget 86.2% Khatami, who stepped down after serving the tries, Iran and Iraq signed an agreement
    maximum two consecutive terms in office authorizing their nationals to visit pilgrim-
    PERSONNEL
    5 expatriates
    provided for under Iran’s constitution. age sites on both sides of their common
    42 national staff (daily workers not included) border. Iran also lifted visa restrictions for
    After being sworn in in August, the new Iraqi citizens wishing to enter the country.
    KEY POINTS president pursued efforts already under- Both countries agreed to remove leftover
    taken by his predecessor to establish closer landmines along their common border.
    In 2005, the ICRC: political, trade and security cooperation
    worked with the Iranian authorities in the
    with other countries in the region. Iran also Iran remained host to large numbers of
    framework of a joint mechanism to exchange
    information on issues still outstanding from tightened security along its borders with mainly Afghan and Iraqi refugees. Follow-
    the Iran-Iraq war and clarified the cases of Afghanistan and Iraq and in certain parts ing a meeting with Afghan officials and
    hundreds of former POWs previously unac- of the country inhabited mainly by ethnic UNHCR, the Iranian authorities set
    counted for; issued certificates of detention Arab and Kurdish minorities, where anti- 21 March 2006 as the new deadline for
    for thousands of former Iraqi POWs; government rioting was reported between Afghan refugees to leave the country. How-
    acted as a neutral intermediary to facilitate April and August. It furthermore increased ever, under proposed revised laws, Iran
    the repatriation from Iraq of members of
    security cooperation with Pakistan to prevent planned to grant citizenship to Afghan
    the Mojahedin-e Khalq who had expressed
    their wish to return to Iran; repatriated the infiltration of armed groups and cross- children born in the country and to allow
    Iranian nationals from Afghanistan and border drug smuggling. Afghan nationals entering the country legally
    the Guantanamo Bay Naval Station; to apply for residency.
    restored contact between people in Iran and The Iranian authorities repeatedly asserted
    family members in Iraq and Afghanistan; that the country’s nuclear programme was Iran signed defence cooperation agreements
    located Iranians sought in Iraq by their designed for peaceful purposes only, despite with Algeria, Nigeria and Tajikistan and
    families; reunited Afghan refugees with
    their families abroad;
    concern expressed by certain countries after proposed similar agreements with Gulf
    supported the Iranian Red Crescent Society its announcement in August that it had Cooperation Council member States. It also
    in carrying out mine-risk education sessions resumed uranium enrichment. continued discussions on building a gas
    for Afghan and Iraqi refugees and Iranian pipeline linking Iran, Pakistan and India.
    civilians living in mine-affected areas; Iran welcomed the setting up of a new
    supported the Iranian IHL committee in government in neighbouring Iraq and
    its work to promote the integration of
    pledged its readiness to assist Iraq’s political
    IHL and its basic principles into national
    legislation, academic curricula and the and economic development. The country
    teaching and training programmes of also maintained significant support for the
    the Iranian armed forces; reconstruction of basic infrastructure in
    maintained a logistical supply capacity Afghanistan.
    in Iran in support of ICRC operations in
    Afghanistan and Iraq.

    303
    MIDDLE EAST AND NORTH AFRICA IRAN

    MAIN FIGURES AND INDICATORS

    RESTORING FAMILY LINKS


    Red Cross messages (RCMs) and reunifications
    RCMs collected 260
    RCMs distributed 250
    DOCUMENTS ISSUED
    People to whom a detention attestation was issued 3,661

    ICRC ACTION of ICRC humanitarian activities in Iraq. thousands of people other than POWs
    Iran also became the focal point for the listed as missing in connection with the
    The ICRC reinforced cooperation with the procurement of mainly water and sanitation Iran-Iraq war. In support of this process,
    Iranian authorities and with key sectors of materials for ICRC projects in Afghanistan, the ICRC worked on the completion of a
    Iranian society to address humanitarian Georgia and countries in Africa. Farsi version of an ICRC document entitled
    issues of mutual concern and to promote The Missing.
    implementation of IHL.
    CIVILIANS 473 cases of former Iraqi POWs
    In the framework of a joint mechanism unaccounted for resolved
    agreed to in February 2004, significant Restoring family links 3,661 certificates of detention issued
    progress was made towards resolving cases Afghan and Iraqi refugees in Iran were able for former Iraqi POWs to enable them
    of POWs unaccounted for in relation to the to locate and re-establish contact with family to qualify for financial allowances
    Iran-Iraq war. Several hundred such cases members in their home countries through provided by the Iraqi authorities
    were clarified through research activities the ICRC’s RCM network, operated in con-
    carried out by the Iranian authorities and junction with the National Societies of the Repatriating Iranian nationals
    information collected by the ICRC through countries concerned. from Iraq and elsewhere
    contacts with families in both Iran and Iraq. Acting as a neutral intermediary, the ICRC
    The ICRC, assisted by the Iranian Red carried out several operations to repatriate
    In parallel, discussions were held with the Crescent, also continued to restore links members of the MEK in Iraq who wished
    Iranian authorities on the creation of a through the RCM network between people to return to Iran. It also repatriated Iranian
    mechanism to tackle the issue of people in Iran and family members detained/ nationals after their release from detention/
    unaccounted for – both Iranians and Iraqis – interned abroad (Afghanistan, Iraq and internment abroad.
    in relation to the Iran-Iraq war. Guantanamo Bay).
    187 MEK members repatriated to Iran
    The ICRC continued to support the work 260 RCMs collected and 250 distributed from Iraq
    of the Iranian IHL committee set up to over- from and to people in Iran, including 2 Iranian nationals repatriated after
    see and promote the national implementa- Afghan refugees, and their family their release from detention/internment
    tion of IHL. It also stepped up efforts to have members located or detained/interned in Afghanistan and Guantanamo Bay
    IHL incorporated into the theoretical and abroad
    practical training programmes of the Iranian 3 Afghan refugees, including
    armed forces and to promote the inclusion 2 unaccompanied minors, resettled AUTHORITIES
    of the subject in academic curricula. in third countries
    48 of 138 tracing requests concerning ICRC support for the Iranian IHL commit-
    Acting as a neutral intermediary, the ICRC Iranian nationals sought in Iraq tee, an interministerial body hosted by the
    facilitated the voluntary repatriation from resolved Iranian Red Crescent, contributed to the
    Iraq to Iran of hundreds of members of the organization of events to promote IHL within
    Mojahedin-e Khalq (MEK) movement. It Tracing people unaccounted the armed forces, academic circles and the
    also repatriated a number of Iranian nation- for from the Iran-Iraq war media. The ICRC concluded an agreement
    als after their release from detention/ Significant progress was made in the frame- with the committee to establish a reference
    internment in Afghanistan, Guantanamo work of a joint mechanism agreed to with library and research centre on IHL available
    Bay and Iraq. the Iranian authorities in 2004 to clarify the to all sectors of Iranian society.
    fate of registered POWs unaccounted for in
    Cooperation was developed with the Iranian relation to the Iran-Iraq war. In 2005, infor- Contact was maintained with the Tehran-
    Red Crescent in the fields of mine-risk mation collected through internal investiga- based Parliamentary Union of the
    education, tracing and the promotion of tions conducted by the Iranian authorities Organization of the Islamic Conference
    IHL. The ICRC and the National Society and contacts made by the ICRC with families to discuss future projects on raising IHL
    signed a “statement of intent”, aimed at in Iraq and Iran resulted in the clarification awareness in its member States. The ICRC
    forging closer ties at both national and of almost half of all pending cases. provided the organization with a standard
    international levels. library on IHL.
    Consultations were held with the Iranian
    A logistics and supply base was kept open authorities with a view to establishing a In cooperation with the Qom Institute of
    close to Iran’s borders with Iraq in support further mechanism to clarify the cases of Theology and other prominent local

    304
    ICRC ANNUAL REPORT 2005

    partners, the ICRC finalized preparations A photo exhibition highlighting ICRC and
    for a regional conference on Islam and IHL Red Crescent humanitarian activities dur-
    scheduled to take place in Qom in 2006. ing the Iran-Iraq war was inaugurated at
    the National Society’s headquarters. The
    exhibition was due to be shown across the
    ARMED FORCES AND OTHER country in 2006.
    BEARERS OF WEAPONS

    Meetings were held with military officers RED CROSS AND


    and training instructors on the integration RED CRESCENT MOVEMENT
    of IHL into military doctrine, operating
    procedures and instruction and training In April, the president of the Iranian Red
    programmes. At their request, the ICRC Crescent held talks with the ICRC president
    submitted a draft of a top-level order regard- in Geneva to discuss the further develop-
    ing the introduction of IHL in military ment of bilateral cooperation in Iran and
    teaching and training programmes, together at the international level. In August 2005,
    with models of ICRC training programmes the National Society and the ICRC signed
    on the subject. a “statement of intent” outlining potential
    areas of cooperation in the international
    Consultations were also held with the field as well as in national programmes.
    national IHL committee on the possibility
    of sending Iranian military officers on IHL The Iranian Red Crescent continued to
    courses in San Remo. provide assistance in tracing activities to
    restore contacts between refugees in Iran
    and family members abroad and between
    CIVIL SOCIETY families in Iran and relatives detained/
    interned abroad.
    The Iranian Red Crescent, the national IHL
    committee and the Ministry of Education A regional basic training course, aimed
    concluded an agreement on the launch of at preparing delegates for Red Cross/Red
    the Exploring Humanitarian Law (EHL) Crescent missions overseas, was held in
    programme on an experimental basis in Tehran in August in cooperation with the
    Iranian schools. A steering committee was International Federation and the Iranian
    established to oversee the process and EHL Red Crescent. Ten representatives from the
    teaching tools were translated into Farsi. Iranian Red Crescent and 12 from other
    Teacher-trainers presented the programme National Societies in the Middle East and
    to hundreds of youths in summer camps to Europe participated.
    assess how it was perceived before being
    pilot-tested in schools as of early 2006. Two A tracing workshop was organized for Red
    teacher-trainer courses on EHL were organ- Crescent staff and, to facilitate its work, the
    ized for 40 senior educational instructors. ICRC provided the National Society with a
    computer, a scanner, a Farsi version of an
    The ICRC reached an agreement with a ICRC publication and two ICRC video pre-
    prominent university for the development sentations on tracing techniques.
    of post-graduate courses in IHL, and lec-
    tures on the subject were given in several With ICRC support, the Iranian Red
    law faculties. In addition, the ICRC spon- Crescent designed a set of mine-risk edu-
    sored the participation of two law students cational tools, including visual aids, leaflets,
    in a course on IHL in Bangalore and that posters and pocket calendars, and delivered
    of a number of law professors and students safety messages to more than 20,000 civil-
    in a similar course in Beirut. Discussions ians in the five provinces worst affected by
    were also initiated on the possibility of mine contamination along Iran’s borders
    Iranian students participating in an IHL with Iraq and Afghanistan. The ICRC con-
    moot-court competition. tinued to provide technical support to the
    Iranian Red Crescent, in particular on data
    The Iranian media were regularly briefed collection on mine incidents and victims.
    on ICRC activities in Iran and worldwide.
    In cooperation with the national IHL
    committee, a seminar on IHL was organ-
    ized for journalists, and the ICRC spon-
    sored the participation of an Iranian
    journalist in a regional media seminar on
    IHL in Dubai.

    305
    iraq
    TURKEY The precarious security situation in Iraq and the
    persistent risk of direct attacks on the ICRC has
    Dohuk
    Diyana
    led the organization to adopt an exceptional
    SYRIA
    Mosul Arbil
    IRAN
    modus operandi in this context. Priority is given
    Sulaymaniyah to protection activities, with a particular focus
    Kirkuk
    on persons detained/interned by the multi-
    Kermanshah
    national forces in Iraq and the Iraqi authorities,
    Ramadi Faluja the restoration of family links and action to clar-
    BAGHDAD
    I R AQ Mamudiyah TI GR IS
    ify the fate of people unaccounted for from con-
    Iskandariyah
    JORDAN Kerbala Al-Hilla flicts involving Iraq since 1980. Wherever possible,
    Najaf Amara
    EU
    PH
    emergency aid is provided to health facilities in
    RA
    TE
    S cooperation with the public health authorities.
    Naseriyah
    Basra The distribution of RCMs is conducted in close
    SAUDI ARABIA collaboration with the Iraqi Red Crescent Society.
    KUWAIT
    The ICRC has been present in Iraq since the out-
    200 km break of the Iran-Iraq war in 1980.
    ICRC/AR_2005

    ICRC regional delegation ICRC delegation ICRC sub-delegation


    ICRC office ICRC-supported prosthetic/orthotic centre

    EXPENDITURE (IN CHF, 000)


    Protection 10,161
    Assistance 10,643
    Prevention 2,467 CONTEXT
    Cooperation with National Societies 1,248
    General 10 Throughout 2005, Iraqi and multinational considerable loss of life, the displacement of
    forces continued to confront a forceful families and damage to vital infrastructure.
    24,528 insurgency, and the resulting hostilities
    of which: Overheads 1,497 exacted a heavy toll on all sides. Despite the As the year progressed, the Iraqi police and
    IMPLEMENTATION RATE persistent violence in many parts of the security forces took on greater responsibil-
    Expenditure/yearly budget 50.2% country, the Iraqi electorate went to the polls ities, while the Iraqi National Guard contin-
    three times in 2005 in a political process ued to conduct military operations against
    PERSONNEL
    32 expatriates
    aimed at establishing a permanent govern- insurgent groups alongside the multi-
    327 national staff (daily workers not included) ment representative of Iraq’s ethnic and national forces. The security situation never-
    religious diversity. theless remained precarious in many parts of
    KEY POINTS the country, which were prey to widespread
    National elections on 30 January led to the violence and lawlessness.
    In 2005, the ICRC: formation in April of a transitional gov-
    visited thousands of internees/detainees
    ernment following a vote that was largely Public health infrastructure, electricity
    held by the multinational forces in Iraq
    and the Iraqi authorities to monitor their boycotted by the Arab Sunni community. supply and water and sanitation services
    treatment and detention conditions; Iraqi legislators then drafted a new consti- remained far from adequate to meet the
    restored and maintained contact between tution, which was endorsed in a national needs of the Iraqi population. The persis-
    detainees/internees in Iraq and family referendum held on 15 October, with the tent violence also severely hindered national
    members in Iraq and abroad through the provision that lawmakers could amend it reconstruction programmes.
    ICRC tracing and RCM network; financed after a new government was installed in
    a new family-visits programme for
    2006. Iraqi voters went to the polls again Unemployment and poverty levels remained
    detainees/internees;
    provided emergency relief to people on 15 December to choose representatives high, and the majority of the population
    displaced by the hostilities through the Iraqi to serve for the next four years in Iraq’s continued to depend on the government
    Red Crescent and supplied surgical kits to new 275-member parliament (Council of food distributions that had replaced the
    the Iraqi health authorities for distribution Representatives). More than 300 political UN oil-for-food programme.
    to hospitals dealing with mass-casualty entities and coalitions representing Iraq’s
    emergencies; main ethnic and religious groups, includ- A survey based on data collected in 2004
    provided emergency water supplies to
    offset acute shortages in areas affected by
    ing Arab Sunnis, vied for seats in Iraq’s and released in early 2005 by the Ministry
    the fighting; 18 provinces. The official results of the of Planning and UNDP revealed increas-
    carried out construction and rehabilitation December ballot were expected to be ingly high rates of child malnutrition.
    work on health, water and sanitation announced in January 2006.
    facilities;
    supported or encouraged the creation of The year was marked by an increase in
    mechanisms to tackle the issue of people
    sectarian violence. Most of the insurgent
    unaccounted for in relation to the 1980–88
    Iran-Iraq war, the recent international attacks, military operations and criminal
    armed conflict and occupation, the current violence occurred in Baghdad and in
    non-international armed conflict in Iraq densely populated urban areas of the pre-
    and past internal violence. dominantly Sunni governorates, causing

    306
    ICRC ANNUAL REPORT 2005

    MAIN FIGURES AND INDICATORS

    PEOPLE DEPRIVED OF THEIR FREEDOM (All categories/all statuses) CIVILIANS


    Detainees visited 16,925 Economic security, water and habitat
    Detainees visited and monitored individually 7,045 Food Beneficiaries 20,830
    Number of visits carried out 91 Essential household items Beneficiaries 43,750
    Number of places of detention visited 31 Water-supply schemes and sanitation systems
    RESTORING FAMILY LINKS (completed projects) Beneficiaries 428,260
    Red Cross messages (RCMs) and reunifications WOUNDED AND SICK
    RCMs collected 21,376 Hospitals supported 19 1
    RCMs distributed 15,519 Physical rehabilitation
    Tracing requests, including cases of missing persons Patients receiving services Patients 30,113
    People for whom a tracing request was newly registered 367 Prostheses delivered Pieces 2,529
    Tracing requests closed positively (persons located) 111 Orthoses delivered Pieces 5,374
    Tracing requests still being handled at 31 December 2005 2,789
    DOCUMENTS ISSUED
    People to whom a detention attestation was issued 718

    1. Together with the Iraqi health authorities, the ICRC identified structures with acute needs which were supplied with surgical equipment and medical supplies for a total value of CHF 620,973.

    ICRC ACTION to serve and its own emergency response obligations under IHL, either through bilat-
    capacity and overall objectives. From March eral dialogue with the authorities concerned
    Although severe security constraints greatly onwards, the ICRC focused primarily on or through public communication.
    affected its scope of operations in 2005, the protection activities, mainly visits to people
    ICRC was one of the only international deprived of their freedom, the restoration
    humanitarian agencies to maintain a con- of family links, financial support to enable CIVILIANS
    tinuous operational presence in central, families to visit detained/interned relatives
    southern and northern parts of Iraq since the and ongoing efforts to trace persons unac- Assisting displaced families
    start of the latest conflict in March 2003. counted for in relation to conflicts involving The ICRC was able to help the Iraqi author-
    Iraq since 1980. ities and the Iraqi Red Crescent to respond
    More than 300 national employees worked to many humanitarian emergencies arising
    out of permanent ICRC offices in Baghdad, Despite the suspension of many assistance from the displacement of thousands of fam-
    Basra, Arbil, Sulaymaniyah and Dohuk, activities, primarily affecting longstanding ilies who fled their homes in areas affected
    backed up by a team of 35 expatriates car- programmes to upgrade health, water and by hostilities.
    rying out regular missions in Iraq from sanitation infrastructure, the ICRC man-
    neighbouring Jordan or based inside the aged to complete several large-scale rehabil- Emergency water, food and essential house-
    country. itation projects initiated in 2004. Working hold supplies were provided to the National
    through the local authorities and the Iraqi Society for distribution to several camps for
    The ICRC suspended many assistance activ- Red Crescent, the ICRC was also able to displaced families, particularly following
    ities following the murder of a national staff respond to a number of emergencies aris- armed confrontations in the predominantly
    member in Baghdad in January. This was ing from the displacement of families by Sunni provinces of Anbar (east) and Ninawa
    the worst security incident it had suffered the hostilities, mass-casualty situations and (north). These activities contributed to
    in Iraq since the killing in 2003 of four staff water shortages in poorly served urban preserving the basic health and dignity of
    members, three of whom lost their lives in communities. people who had fled their homes.
    targeted attacks against the organization
    and the fourth in crossfire. The ICRC also endeavoured to reinforce its The ICRC also organized daily water deliv-
    capacity to assess needs for humanitarian eries to poorly supplied parts of Baghdad.
    With a view to striking a balance between assistance through its field staff, Iraqi
    pursuing its humanitarian activities in Iraq Red Crescent workers and its network of around 9,000 displaced families
    and ensuring the safety of its personnel, the contacts among State representatives and in various regions provided with basic
    ICRC maintained tight restrictions on the community leaders. household supplies, including:
    movements of its staff within and between 25,000 kerosene stoves, 1,641 kerosene
    Iraqi towns and cities and carried out many Much effort was put into strengthening heaters, 20,200 buckets, 36,600 jerrycans,
    of its activities through the Iraqi Red relations with the Iraqi Red Crescent and its 15,670 blankets, 5,600 hygiene kits,
    Crescent and the Iraqi authorities. In accor- capacity to respond to emergencies. In 3,000 kitchen sets, 705 tents and
    dance with its standard practice, the ICRC November, the National Society, the ICRC 865 tarpaulins; in addition, 25,000 food
    continued to operate without military pro- and the International Federation signed an parcels distributed
    tection in order to preserve its neutral and agreement on the management and coordi- from July onwards, 180,000 litres
    independent identity. nation of the Movement’s response in Iraq. of water delivered daily to 900 families
    after they fled their homes in Tal Afar
    Nevertheless, the ICRC was able to carry The ICRC sought to raise awareness of to 3 surrounding villages not connected
    out a wide range of activities, albeit at a the suffering of the Iraqi people and to to a water network; emergency ICRC
    level far below the needs of those it sought remind all the parties to the conflict of their repair work initiated in December

    307
    MIDDLE EAST AND NORTH AFRICA IRAQ

    to restore water supply to Tal Afar a new pumping station installed PEOPLE DEPRIVED
    and surrounding villages (scheduled and a pipeline network extended in OF THEIR FREEDOM
    for completion by January 2006) the eastern Baghdad district of
    160,000 litres of water a day delivered Al-Hussayniyah serving 120,000 people The ICRC continued to visit thousands of
    for several weeks in spring to almost people held in various places of detention
    1,000 displaced families who fled Clarifying the fate of the missing or internment controlled by the Iraqi
    their homes in Al-Qaim near the Syrian The ICRC continued to chair meetings of authorities and the multinational forces in
    border; ICRC food parcels and basic the Tripartite Commission and its technical Iraq. The purpose of the visits was to mon-
    household relief also distributed to sub-committee, set up to address cases of itor the treatment and detention conditions
    the families by the Iraqi Red Crescent persons missing from the 1990–91 Gulf War. of people deprived of their freedom and,
    from mid-November, 60,000 litres Iraq was represented at these meetings by when necessary, to make recommendations
    of water delivered daily to 400 displaced its Ministry of Human Rights. For the first to the detaining authorities for corrective
    people in Anah (Anbar governorate) time, a number of Iraqi cases were closed/ action. Visiting ICRC teams included med-
    resolved, and by the end of the year, around ical doctors to assess the level of medical care
    In addition, around 800,000 litres of water one-third of all Kuwaiti cases had been dispensed to the detainees.
    delivered daily throughout the year to some clarified following exhumation and identi-
    120,000 inhabitants of Baghdad. fication operations carried out in Iraq as The main detention/internment facilities
    part of the tripartite process. Since 2003, the visited were Camp Cropper, located in the
    Following the suspension of many ICRC process had helped shed light on the cases Baghdad airport complex, Camp Bucca,
    assistance activities in January, the ICRC of 269 people unaccounted for, 227 of which near the southern town of Um Qasr, and
    cancelled some 20 planned rehabilitation were submitted by Kuwait and Saudi Arabia Fort Suse, a new internment facility near
    projects owing to the unsafe security envi- and 42 by Iraq. Sulaymaniyah that opened in late October,
    ronment. Security concerns also compelled all under the authority of the US contingent
    the organization to suspend emergency 27 cases submitted by the coalition of the multinational forces in Iraq. Visits
    “quick fix” interventions on basic infra- forces and 12 by Iraq resolved positively were also made to the Camp Shaibe intern-
    structure. The ICRC was nevertheless able the remains of 1 Iraqi national found in ment facility near Basra under the control
    to continue and complete work on several Kuwait repatriated under ICRC auspices of the UK contingent of the multinational
    rehabilitation or construction projects 500 cases of missing persons submitted forces in Iraq, as well as to people held by the
    initiated in 2004. by the coalition forces and 1,085 sub- Iraqi and US forces in separate areas of the
    mitted by Iraq still unresolved Abu Ghraib prison and to others located in
    Health infrastructure rehabilitation detention facilities controlled by the regional
    a primary-health-care centre ICRC action also focused on supporting or Kurdish authorities in northern Iraq.
    constructed in Basra (Al-Qadissiyah encouraging the creation of mechanisms to
    quarter), designed to receive up to tackle the issue of people unaccounted for The ICRC continued to provide clothes and
    70 patients/day in relation to the 1980–88 Iran-Iraq war, hygiene kits as required to detainees in
    a new maternity facility constructed the recent international armed conflict and places of detention controlled by the Kurdish
    at Al-Yarmouk medical complex occupation, the current non-international regional authorities. It also conducted a
    in Baghdad serving a population armed conflict in Iraq and internal violence workshop in Amman in November for
    of 1.5 million people in past decades. In February, the Iraqi cabi- medical staff working in Iraqi prisons and
    additional wards and a heart-treatment net launched a process to create a National detention centres in order to acquaint them
    unit constructed and water tanks Centre for Missing and Disappeared Persons. with new concepts of prison health man-
    installed at Al-Khalis General Hospital agement and to help them better tackle
    in Diyala governorate serving The Medico-Legal Institute (MLI), under current challenges.
    350,000 people the authority of the Ministry of Health,
    a primary-health-care centre constructed continued to play a key role in handling Detention/internment facilities
    in the Qandil mountains of Arbil human remains related to the current controlled by the multinational
    governorate in northern Iraq serving hostilities. In order to enhance the MLI’s forces in Iraq
    5,000 people capacity to handle its heavy caseload, the Owing to the large number of arrests made
    a hospital rehabilitated in Tikrit ICRC and the MLI, in conjunction with the during extensive military operations from
    governorate serving 1.5 million people Institute for Forensic Medicine of Jordan, the end of 2004 onwards, the internee
    the Jordan University of Science and population under the control of the US
    Water infrastructure rehabilitation Technology and the University of London, multinational forces had doubled halfway
    and development organized a two-week specialized training through 2005 but remained stable for the
    a water-treatment plant rehabilitated course for Iraqi forensic practitioners. rest of the year.
    in Baquba, Diyala governorate serving
    56,000 people 367 new tracing requests registered, 11,462 detainees/internees visited,
    a water-treatment plant rehabilitated 99 cases resolved positively and including 5,084 monitored individually
    in Al-Sawariyah, Najaf governorate 1,604 cases remained unresolved and 4,058 newly registered, during
    serving 5,000 people (not including the missing cases related 14 visits made to 5 places of detention
    a water pipeline extended in Hilla, Babil to the 1990–91 Gulf War) controlled by the multinational forces
    governorate serving 28,300 people in Iraq
    2 water-treatment plants rehabilitated
    in Al-Khairat, Kerbala governorate
    serving 28,000 people

    308
    ICRC ANNUAL REPORT 2005

    Detention/internment facilities nevertheless increased demand for the For example:


    controlled by the Iraqi authorities RCM service, although more frequent fam-
    Security-related travel restrictions prevented ily visits to the three internment facilities in early September, the ICRC provided
    ICRC delegates from visiting detainees held controlled by US multinational forces water, 5,000 bed sheets, 500 stretchers,
    by the Iraqi authorities in most parts of the reduced pressure on the RCM network as more than 450 body bags and drugs to
    country. The ICRC visited the section under the sole means of maintaining family a Baghdad hospital treating patients
    Iraqi control at the Abu Ghraib detention/ contact. Demand was particularly high in injured in a stampede triggered by
    internment facility and people under Iraqi the north owing to the numerous arrests rumours that a suicide bomber had
    jurisdiction held at the Camp Cropper and security concerns there, which often infiltrated a group of pilgrims crossing
    detention centre controlled by the US prevented families from visiting relatives a bridge on their way to a holy site;
    multinational forces. held in detention in Arbil, Dohuk and following a breakdown of water supply
    Sulaymaniyah. to parts of west Baghdad in July, the
    Given the relatively stable security situation ICRC provided 30,000 litres of water a
    in the three northern provinces, the ICRC In October 2005, the ICRC started a pro- day to Al-Yarmouk hospital (1,000 beds)
    was able to visit numerous places of deten- gramme to enable families to visit close for a week until the water plant serving
    tion there under the control of the Kurdish relatives held at Camp Bucca by offering the area was repaired; similar aid was
    regional authorities. Hundreds of people them monthly financial aid to cover part of provided to Al-Kindy hospital in
    arrested during military operations in Mosul the expenses involved. Baghdad when it suffered water shortages
    and Kirkuk were transferred to places of during mass-casualty emergencies;
    detention under Kurdish authority in Arbil, In conjunction with the Iraqi Red Crescent, in December, the ICRC installed a
    Dohuk and Sulaymaniyah. In view of the the ICRC issued certificates of detention water-bag production facility at the
    increase in the detainee population under to former Iraqi POWs who had previously Al-Wathaba water treatment plant in
    the control of the Kurdish authorities, the been held by Kuwait in relation to the Baghdad which manufactured water
    ICRC reinforced its detention team in 1990–91 Gulf War. The certificates enabled bags for distribution to hospitals in
    northern Iraq. them to qualify for Iraqi social welfare the capital following rumours that its
    benefits. water reservoirs had been poisoned.
    411 detainees under the control of
    the Iraqi authorities visited, including The ICRC also repatriated foreign internees/ Assisting physical rehabilitation
    189 monitored individually and detainees following their release and mem- centres for the disabled
    120 newly registered, during 12 visits bers of the Iranian Mojahedin-e Khalq The ICRC maintained material and finan-
    made (not including centres controlled (MEK) after interviewing them to make cial support to seven centres caring for the
    by the Kurdish regional authorities sure that they wished to return to their physically disabled in Baghdad, Basra, Arbil,
    in northern Iraq) countries of origin. Najaf, Hilla and Mosul and producing arti-
    5,062 detainees/internees visited, ficial limbs and other orthopaedic appli-
    including 1,772 monitored individually 21,376 RCMs collected from detainees/ ances using polypropylene technology. The
    and 1,290 newly registered, during internees or their families and ICRC retained sole management of the
    65 visits made to 21 places of detention 15,519 delivered Arbil physical rehabilitation centre.
    controlled by the Kurdish regional 2,504 people held in Camp Bucca
    authorities in northern Iraq benefited from the ICRC family visits Workshops were organized in Arbil for
    programme directors of the seven centres to exchange
    Restoring family links 3,661 certificates of detention issued information on management issues. A train-
    As in the past, people held by the various to former Iraqi POWs previously held ing session was jointly organized in Amman
    detaining authorities and visited by the by Kuwait in relation to the 1990–91 with the Iraqi Ministry of Health for Iraqi
    ICRC were able to restore or maintain con- Gulf War prosthetic/orthotic technicians, which
    tact with their families in Iraq or abroad more than 200 foreign detainees/ focused on the theoretical and practical
    through RCMs collected and distributed internees repatriated under ICRC management of patients who needed spinal
    with the assistance of the Iraqi Red Crescent. auspices orthoses.
    187 MEK members repatriated
    The ICRC also made thousands of phone 7 physical rehabilitation centres
    calls following visits to internment facili- supported (1 totally managed by ICRC)
    ties, in order to inform the internees’ fami- WOUNDED AND SICK 30,113 people received services
    lies of the whereabouts and well-being of at 7 ICRC-supported physical
    their loved ones. Furthermore, the ICRC Access to many areas of conflict in Iraq was rehabilitation centres
    increased its capacity to transmit salamat limited owing to the insecurity. This often 1,403 new patients fitted with
    (family messages transmitted orally) for prevented the ICRC from delivering emer- prostheses and 3,993 with orthoses
    people seeking to restore contact with rela- gency medical supplies to hospitals directly. 2,529 prostheses (999 for mine victims)
    tives in other parts of Iraq or abroad. Working through the health authorities, and 5,374 orthoses (132 for mine
    however, the ICRC was able to provide sur- victims) delivered; 1,030 crutches and
    Security constraints prevented ICRC dele- gical and medical supplies and equipment 7 wheelchairs delivered
    gates from visiting detainees held in many from its warehouses in Iraq (Baghdad and
    parts of the country. Consequently, these Arbil) and in Jordan (Amman), as well as
    detainees were unable to benefit from water, to hospitals dealing with emergencies
    ICRC tracing and RCM services. The large in places such as Baghdad, Arbil, Haditha,
    number of new arrests since October 2004 Hilla and Tal Afar.

    309
    MIDDLE EAST AND NORTH AFRICA IRAQ

    AUTHORITIES CIVIL SOCIETY RED CROSS AND


    RED CRESCENT MOVEMENT
    ICRC contacts with the Iraqi authorities The delegation endeavoured to develop a
    were limited, mainly owing to political network of contacts with civil society lead- In July, the Iraqi Red Crescent held a gen-
    changes in the country and the prevailing ers, both in Islamic and in secular circles, eral assembly in accordance with its
    security environment. in order to foster greater understanding and recently revised statutes and elected a new
    acceptance of the ICRC’s independent, neu- board of governors. This marked an impor-
    Wherever possible, the ICRC held meetings tral and strictly humanitarian role in Iraq. tant development in strengthening the
    or exchanged electronic correspondence National Society and its commitment to the
    with ministerial staff to coordinate its oper- IHL continued to be taught as a compul- Fundamental Principles, adherence to IHL
    ations, in particular with the Ministry of sory subject in the law faculties of 23 uni- and the statutes of the Movement. The
    Human Rights (regarding missing persons versities throughout Iraq, and the Ministry ICRC provided support to the National
    and detention issues), the Ministry of Justice of Education expressed an interest in intro- Society in its internal reform process and
    (regarding detention issues), the Ministry ducing the Exploring Humanitarian Law the revision of its statutes.
    of Health (regarding emergency war- syllabus in school curricula. Four Iraqi uni-
    wounded kits) and the MLI. Meetings also versity law lecturers attended a regional The ICRC maintained close cooperation
    took place with Iraqi government represen- workshop on IHL in Beirut. with the Iraqi Red Crescent and provided
    tatives passing through Amman. technical and financial support to its tracing
    A round-table on the media and IHL was officers at headquarters and in the branches.
    The ICRC set as a priority the development organized in Amman for nine Iraqi journal- Iraqi Red Crescent tracing officers helped
    of relations with the newly elected authori- ists representing all main ethnic and reli- to collect and distribute RCMs between
    ties in order to seek their support for its gious groups in Iraq. Two Iraqi journalists detainees/internees and their families.
    operations in Iraq on behalf of the victims participated in a regional meeting of Arab
    of the armed conflict. It also maintained media experts organized in Dubai on how The ICRC also continued to provide relief
    close contact with the Kurdish regional journalists can contribute to preventing supplies to the National Society for dis-
    authorities in northern Iraq and increased IHL violations through their reporting. tribution to families displaced by fighting
    networking with all elements of Iraqi soci- in, for example, Tal Afar, Falluja and
    ety, including State and non-State actors, The ICRC continued to voice its concerns Al-Qaim. To increase the Iraqi Red Crescent’s
    with a view to improving access to vulner- about the humanitarian situation in Iraq emergency-response capacity, the ICRC
    able population groups. and to explain its activities to the media, donated relief supplies for pre-positioning
    particularly to the major pan-Arab outlets. at the National Society’s headquarters and
    in branches across the country.
    ARMED FORCES AND OTHER The ICRC also produced a brochure in
    BEARERS OF WEAPONS Arabic, English and Kurdish on its pro- In November, the Iraqi Red Crescent, the
    gramme to partially finance the travel and ICRC and the International Federation
    Security concerns prevented the ICRC from accommodation costs of families wishing to signed a memorandum of understanding
    implementing a programme to promote a visit relatives held in the Camp Bucca intern- on the management and coordination of
    better understanding of its mandate and ment facility. In particular, the programme the Movement’s response in Iraq. The
    IHL among all armed and security forces was promoted in several Baghdad mosques. Movement partners pledged to work closely
    present in Iraq. together to ensure that those most in need
    in Iraq received maximum benefit from
    Movement resources and to strengthen the
    capacity of the National Society to deliver
    humanitarian services.

    The ICRC continued to provide financial and


    technical support to national dissemination
    and mine-risk education programmes run
    by the Iraqi Red Crescent.

    310
    israel,
    the occupied territories
    and the autonomous
    palestinian territories
    LEBANON The ICRC has been present in Israel, the Occupied
    Majdel Shams
    Territories and the Autonomous Territories since
    GOLAN
    the 1967 Arab-Israeli war. It strives to ensure respect
    SYRIA
    for IHL, in particular its provisions relative to the
    MEDITERRANEAN SEA
    Jenin protection of civilians living under occupation. It
    Tulkarm
    Qalqiliya Tubas monitors the treatment and living conditions of
    Nablus
    TEL AVIV Salfit detainees held by the Israeli and Palestinian authorities
    Ramallah Jericho

    K
    BAN
    Jerusalem
    Bethlehem
    and provides assistance to the Palestinian population.
    Gaza
    ST

    Hebron As the lead agency for the Movement in this context,


    WE

    GAZA
    Khan Yunis STRIP
    PALESTINIAN the ICRC coordinates the work of Movement partners
    OCCUPIED AND and supports the activities of the Palestine Red
    I SR AE L AUTONOMOUS
    TERRITORIES Crescent Society and the Magen David Adom.
    JORDAN
    EGYPT

    50 km
    ICRC/AR_2005

    ICRC delegation ICRC sub-delegation ICRC mission ICRC office


    Palestinian Occupied and Autonomous Territories

    EXPENDITURE (IN CHF ,000)


    Protection 15,256
    Assistance 15,270
    Prevention 2,551 CONTEXT
    Cooperation with National Societies 4,776
    General - Despite a suspension of hostilities agreed Bank. Curfews, closures, roadblocks and the
    at an Israeli-Palestinian summit in February West Bank barrier currently under construc-
    37,853 and pledges by the main militant Palestinian tion impeded the Palestinian population’s
    of which: Overheads 2,303 groups to abide by an Egyptian-brokered access to the basic necessities of life such as
    IMPLEMENTATION RATE truce, armed confrontations persisted the workplace and health and education
    Expenditure/yearly budget 80.7% throughout much of 2005, although to a facilities.
    lesser extent than in previous years.
    PERSONNEL
    66 expatriates
    In January, Mahmoud Abbas succeeded
    194 national staff (daily workers not included) Most of the hostilities related to ongoing the late Yasser Arafat as chairman of the
    Israeli search-and-arrest operations and Palestinian Authority. Hamas fared promi-
    KEY POINTS raids, attacks on Israeli soldiers and settlers nently in municipal elections held between
    in the West Bank, rocket attacks launched March and May in Gaza and the West Bank,
    In 2005, the ICRC: from Gaza into Israel, and suicide bomb- taking control of major cities such as Nablus
    actively sought compliance by Israel with its
    ings in Israel. The suicide attacks, which and Jenin. Parliamentary elections were
    obligations under IHL towards the Palestinian
    population living under its occupation; caused several Israeli civilian casualties, scheduled for January 2006.
    visited thousands of Palestinian detainees prompted Israel to reinstate its policy of
    held by Israel and hundreds held by the targeting Palestinian militants through In Israel, Amir Peretz defeated Shimon Perez
    Palestinian Authority to assess their treatment extrajudicial killings and to seek internal in a vote for the Labour party leadership in
    and living conditions and enable them to legal approval for its policy of demolishing November and withdrew from the govern-
    maintain contact with their families; their family homes. ing coalition with the Likud party, triggering
    assessed the impact of Israeli-imposed
    an early general election, scheduled for
    movement restrictions on the living conditions
    of the Palestinian population and provided Israel’s landmark unilateral pullout from 28 March 2006. Days later, Israeli Prime
    emergency assistance to thousands of the Gaza Strip – along with its evacuation Minister Ariel Sharon resigned from the Likud
    Palestinian families, including household of four settlements in northern parts of the party and set up Kadima, a new centrist
    kits for Palestinians whose homes had been West Bank – was completed in September party that quickly took a lead in the polls.
    destroyed or confiscated; several weeks ahead of schedule with no
    implemented cash-for-work and food- fatalities reported, despite strong opposition Intra-Palestinian violence continued, with
    production projects in communities worst
    affected by acute unemployment and poverty
    to the move by many settlers. frequent shootouts reported between mem-
    largely caused by mobility restrictions; bers of different security services, between the
    rehabilitated or developed water and sanitation At the end of November, Israel handed over security services and Palestinian militants
    infrastructure in poorly served communities control of the Rafah crossing between Gaza and between rival Palestinian families.
    in coordination with the Palestinian authorities; and Egypt to the Palestinian Authority, and
    gave presentations on IHL to high-ranking European Union monitors were deployed Sporadic skirmishes across the Israeli-
    members of the Israeli armed forces and the
    in the area to monitor compliance with the Lebanese border persisted between Israeli
    Palestinian security services; continued to
    promote IHL in key sectors of the Israeli and agreement reached. forces and Hezbollah militants, particularly
    Palestinian civil societies, such as NGOs, in the disputed Israeli-occupied Shebaa
    academics, clerics and youth; Israel maintained an extensive military Farms region.
    supported the Palestine Red Crescent and the presence and stringent restrictions on the
    Magen David Adom in enhancing their capaci- movement of people and goods in the West
    ties to provide emergency medical services.

    311
    MIDDLE EAST AND NORTH AFRICA ISRAEL, THE OCCUPIED TERRITORIES AND THE AUTONOMOUS PALESTINIAN TERRITORIES

    MAIN FIGURES AND INDICATORS

    PEOPLE DEPRIVED OF THEIR FREEDOM (All categories/all statuses) CIVILIANS


    Detainees visited 13,902 Economic security, water and habitat
    Detainees visited and monitored individually 8,046 Food Beneficiaries 26,542
    Number of visits carried out 617 Essential household items Beneficiaries 1,500
    Number of places of detention visited 99 Agricultural inputs and micro-economic initiatives Beneficiaries 10,206
    RESTORING FAMILY LINKS Water-supply schemes and sanitation systems
    Red Cross messages (RCMs) and reunifications (completed projects) Beneficiaries 61,200
    RCMs collected 15,759 WOUNDED AND SICK 1
    RCMs distributed 18,487
    Tracing requests, including cases of missing persons
    People for whom a tracing request was newly registered 21
    Tracing requests closed positively (persons located) 11
    Tracing requests still being handled at 31 December 2005 28
    DOCUMENTS ISSUED
    People to whom a detention attestation was issued 17,882

    1. Financial assistance was provided to the MDA in support of the Emergency Medical Service (EMS) and the Blood Transfusion Service (BTS). Financial assistance was provided to the Palestine
    Red Crescent Society in support of the Emergency Medical Technicians (EMT) and the ambulance fleet consisting of 80 well-maintained and equipped ambulances. See Red Cross and Red
    Crescent Movement heading.

    ICRC ACTION Delegates regularly visited thousands of CIVILIANS


    Palestinians detained by Israel and hun-
    The ICRC continued to monitor Israel’s dreds held by the Palestinian Authority to Protection of the civilian population
    respect for its obligations under IHL monitor their treatment and detention con- The ICRC monitored the situation leading
    towards the Palestinian population living ditions and to enable them to remain in up to and during Israel’s disengagement
    under its occupation and to make prompt contact with their families. Recommenda- from Gaza and from four settlements in the
    representations to the authorities con- tions for corrective action were made to the northern West Bank. Prior to the pullout,
    cerned when corrective action was deemed detaining authorities whenever appropriate. the ICRC made recommendations for
    necessary. preventive measures to the authorities
    One priority for the ICRC was to ensure concerned and stood ready to respond to
    Regular ICRC field missions were under- access of the Palestinian population to emergency needs.
    taken to assess and, whenever possible, to medical facilities and of medical service
    respond to the most urgent needs of the providers to the sick and wounded with Further ICRC representations were made
    Palestinian population living in areas worst minimal security-clearance delays. The to the Israeli authorities concerning the
    affected by the restrictions imposed by ICRC assessed the level of access of the humanitarian consequences of the West
    Israel on the movement of people and goods. Druze population living in the Israeli- Bank barrier, including, for example, prob-
    occupied Golan Heights to health care, and lems of access to land during the olive har-
    Planned and ad hoc emergency assistance helped to train Palestinian medical staff vest and the adverse impact of the barrier
    was distributed to thousands of destitute in trauma management. on the population of East Jerusalem. On a
    Palestinian families. New economic and number of other occasions, the ICRC made
    food security programmes were developed The ICRC kept up its activities to promote representations regarding incidents aris-
    for communities identified as having high the integration of IHL into Israel’s domestic ing from more stringent restrictions of
    levels of unemployment and poverty legislation, into the doctrine, teaching and movement or house demolitions in the
    induced largely by the mobility restrictions training programmes of the Israeli armed West Bank.
    which continued to severely undermine the forces, as well as into university and school
    Palestinian economy. curricula. The ICRC stepped up field surveys to assess
    the impact of Israeli curfews, closures and
    ICRC household kits were issued to As in past years, the ICRC gave substantial the West Bank barrier on Palestinians’
    Palestinians whose homes had been levelled support to the Palestine Red Crescent access to health-care facilities and conveyed
    or confiscated to clear land for the con- Society and the Magen David Adom to its concerns in this regard to the Israeli
    struction of the West Bank barrier or for strengthen their capacities to deliver human- authorities. In addition, it carried out an
    settlement expansion, or because they had itarian services. The delegation helped facil- assessment of the level of access to health
    been built without construction permits. itate the first-ever operational agreement care of the Druze population in the Golan
    between the two National Societies, reached Heights (20,000 inhabitants).
    The ICRC worked with the Palestinian under the auspices of the Swiss government.
    water authority to rehabilitate or establish 66 written and over 1,000 oral
    water and sanitation infrastructure in The ICRC pursued efforts to clarify the fate representations made by the ICRC
    poorly served communities. It also organ- of people unaccounted for or missing in to the Israeli authorities to improve
    ized water-tanker deliveries to rural West action from previous conflicts in the region. respect for IHL and/or to alleviate
    Bank communities not connected to water- the humanitarian consequences of
    distribution networks. the occupation

    312
    ICRC ANNUAL REPORT 2005

    A constructive relationship was established an average of 2,462 Palestinian families provide death certificates for 156 people
    with new members of Palestinian min- in Hebron Old City issued with monthly whose remains had not been returned to
    istries, and contacts were reinforced with food and household essentials their families by Israel.
    Palestinian militant groups, with whom the 1,643 needy families provided with ad
    ICRC raised issues related to the protection hoc food aid in the West Bank It also pursued efforts to resolve the docu-
    of the civilian population, including the emergency household kits issued to mented cases of five Israelis missing from
    impact on civilians of increased intra- 250 Palestinian families whose homes past conflicts in the region and kept their
    Palestinian violence. had been demolished families informed of developments.
    over 10,000 individuals benefited from
    The ICRC observed a further decrease in cash-for-work or food-production
    the incidence of extrajudicial killings of schemes PEOPLE DEPRIVED
    alleged collaborators by Palestinian mili- OF THEIR FREEDOM
    tants, although a number of alleged collab- Restoring family links
    orators were abducted and wounded. Lebanese citizens resident in Israel since Israel
    its withdrawal from southern Lebanon At the end of 2005, approximately
    Access to clean water in May 2000 were offered the opportunity 11,200 Palestinians were held by Israel in
    Water and sanitation facilities remained to correspond and exchange official docu- interrogation units, temporary detention
    inadequate to meet the needs of the ments with their families in Lebanon via centres, military detention camps, prisons
    Palestinian population, and existing infra- the RCM network. The ICRC also processed and police stations. The ICRC continued
    structure often functioned poorly owing requests for the registration in the Lebanese to carry out visits to these detention facili-
    to lack of maintenance. Working with the Civil Registry of marriages and births ties and to present confidential reports on
    Palestinian water authority, ICRC experts involving Lebanese nationals in Israel. its findings and recommendations to the
    identified villages most severely lacking Israeli authorities.
    these facilities. Eight projects in five West Travel to Syria by Syrian nationals living in
    Bank villages were approved to rehabili- the occupied Golan remained subject to The ICRC distributed medical appliances
    tate and/or extend water networks, to con- Israeli restrictions. In view of this, the ICRC such as eye-glasses, dentures and orthopaedic
    struct reservoirs and a booster station and helped Druze students and clerics from the devices, when urgently required, to detainees
    to overhaul water pumping equipment. The Golan to obtain authorization to travel to in military detention camps and prisons.
    ICRC also continued to deliver water by Syria for educational or religious purposes, Standard sets of clothing and small stipends
    tanker to rural West Bank communities not or arranged for Golan residents to wed were also issued to particularly needy
    connected to water-distribution networks. their prospective partners from Syria detainees, and many detention centres were
    proper in the UN-controlled separation supplied with books, newspapers, maga-
    2 projects under way to improve water zone in Kuneitra. zines and recreational items.
    supply to 5,700 people
    6 additional projects finalized to The ICRC made no headway in persuad- Particular attention was paid to the specific
    upgrade water facilities for another ing the authorities concerned to allow resi- needs of detained women and minors and to
    61,200 people dents of the occupied Golan to visit family the judicial rights of administrative detainees,
    102,200 cubic metres of water delivered members in Syria. who under Israeli law could be held for
    by tanker to around 10,000 West Bank renewable six-month periods without charge.
    households not connected to water visits to Syria were arranged for
    networks 1,755 students and pilgrims from Acting as a neutral intermediary, the ICRC
    the occupied Golan monitored the release by Israel of
    Economic security 900 Palestinian detainees freed in two oper-
    The ICRC conducted regular field missions The ICRC also facilitated travel for ations in January and May/June. Before-
    to monitor and assess the humanitarian Palestinians who for specific family reasons hand, the ICRC interviewed the detainees
    and economic consequences of mobility needed to meet up with relatives living else- to confirm that they agreed to the location
    restrictions, which had largely contributed where in the Palestinian territories or in of their release. It was also present at release
    to the unprecedented levels of poverty and Jordan. For example, it enabled two minors locations in the Gaza Strip and the West
    unemployment in the West Bank and Gaza. from Gaza to be reunited with their parents Bank to monitor the process and alerted
    in the West Bank. the Israeli authorities to cases involving
    Planned and ad hoc ICRC food distribu- detainees not released in the locations they
    tions were made to thousands of destitute Clarifying the fate of the missing had requested.
    Palestinians and communities where unem- The ICRC facilitated the repatriation of the
    ployment and poverty levels were found to remains of four Hezbollah fighters killed 12,192 detainees visited, including
    be particularly high. The worst-affected in two separate clashes between the Israel 7,504 monitored individually (of whom
    communities were identified for the imple- Defense Forces (IDF) and Hezbollah forces 131 women and 565 minors), during
    mentation of cash-for-work projects and across the Israeli-Lebanese border. It pur- 365 visits made to 51 Israeli detention
    further food-security interventions. sued discussions with the Israeli authorities facilities
    regarding repatriation of the remains of 3,548 telephone calls made to families
    As in past years, the ICRC issued household other Lebanese and Arab combatants killed to inform them about the detention
    relief kits to Palestinian families whose in action by Israeli forces. of a relative
    homes had been destroyed or confiscated. 15,603 RCMs collected and
    The ICRC followed up a request it had 18,328 distributed from and to
    made previously to the Israeli authorities to Palestinian detainees and their families

    313
    MIDDLE EAST AND NORTH AFRICA ISRAEL, THE OCCUPIED TERRITORIES AND THE AUTONOMOUS PALESTINIAN TERRITORIES

    17,714 certificates of detention issued 168 certificates of detention issued ARMED FORCES AND OTHER
    to former detainees to former detainees BEARERS OF WEAPONS
    destitute detainees given regular
    allowances of 100 Shekels Discussions continued with the IDF Land
    (approximately 22 US dollars) WOUNDED AND SICK Forces Doctrine and Training Division and
    sets of clothes issued to detainees in the Staff and Command College with a
    prisons and military detention camps In December 2005, in cooperation with the view to integrating IHL into the training of
    medical items, such as eye-glasses, Palestinian Ministry of Health, the ICRC IDF officers to enable them to teach the
    issued to detainees held two four-day Emergency Room Trauma subject. The ICRC also sponsored the par-
    Courses for 50 surgeons, anaesthetists, ticipation of two IDF officers in an IHL
    The ICRC family visits programme grew emergency ward staff and nurses in the West course in San Remo.
    considerably in 2005. It remained the only Bank and Gaza to increase their capacities
    means for thousands of Palestinian families to respond to mass-casualty situations. IHL remained an integral part of the check-
    to visit their relatives detained by Israel. point commanders’ training programme at
    The ICRC forwarded visit requests to the The ICRC facilitated the movement of the Central Command Training Base. The
    Israeli authorities and provided transport Palestine Red Crescent ambulances and ICRC worked towards obtaining similar
    to and from the places of detention for medical teams to ensure minimum delays results with the military police units in
    visiting family members. By the end of 2005, caused by mobility restrictions. Persistent charge of detention and gave a number of
    over 60% of Palestinian detainees were misuse of the emblem by certain other presentations on IHL to their command-
    receiving monthly family visits, a marked medical service providers nevertheless ing officers.
    increase on previous years. continued to create confusion at check-
    points, increasing the risk of delays for Red more than 50 seminars on IHL
    an average of over 17,300 family members Crescent ambulances. organized for members of the Israeli
    per month were able to visit relatives armed and security forces
    detained by Israel (compared with Subscriptions to medical journals were
    8,000 per month in 2004); 6,710 detainees provided to 16 hospitals in the West Bank Three generals from the Palestinian security
    benefited from these visits and the Gaza Strip. forces participated in an ICRC regional
    seminar in Cairo on the application of IHL
    Palestinian Authority rules in the conduct of military operations.
    ICRC visits continued to detention centres AUTHORITIES
    controlled by the Palestinian Authority. A
    constructive dialogue was maintained with The ICRC expanded its already extensive CIVIL SOCIETY
    the detaining authorities at the Palestinian network of contacts with diplomatic
    Ministry of the Interior. missions, donors and international organ- Media relations
    izations in Israel and the Palestinian terri- The ICRC kept the media abreast of its
    The number of detainees increased slightly tories in order to convey to them its main activities through regular newsletters,
    in the second part of the year, causing over- humanitarian concerns related to the updates and briefings, and ICRC news films
    crowding in the main prisons in the West Israeli-Palestinian conflict. were broadcast on Israeli television. Articles
    Bank and Gaza. on ICRC activities and IHL issues were also
    Regular coordination meetings were held published in Al Insani (The Humanitarian),
    Six confidential ICRC reports regarding with UN agencies, NGOs and the European the Arabic-language quarterly produced by
    various detention facilities (police stations, Union Coordination Group on topics such the ICRC in Cairo.
    rehabilitation centres and interrogation as judicial guarantees for detainees, the
    centres) were transmitted to the Palestinian legal and humanitarian implications of the Three leading Palestinian television jour-
    detaining authorities over the year. Israeli disengagement plan, Israeli mobility nalists were invited to take part in a
    restrictions and access by West Bank resi- regional media workshop on the protection
    Numerous seminars on the ICRC and IHL dents to East Jerusalem. of civilians in armed conflict organized by
    were held for members of the Palestinian the ICRC in Dubai.
    security services involved in detention The official launch of the Hebrew version
    activities. Senior officers from the Ministry of the Additional Protocols in December Promoting IHL in civil society
    of the Interior and from the Joint Security 2004, as well as the ICRC’s recently pub- The ICRC reinforced its network of
    Committee also attended the seminars. lished study on customary international Palestinian clerics and academics, members
    humanitarian law, stimulated debate on of influential militant groups and represen-
    1,710 detainees visited, including IHL-related issues, in particular the rules tatives of other key sectors of Palestinian
    542 monitored individually (of whom governing the conduct of hostilities. society to gain a better insight into their
    17 women and 81 minors), during views and to increase their understanding
    252 visits made to 48 Palestinian places The drafting of a law on the protection of IHL and the ICRC’s role and activities
    of detention of the emblem was discussed with the in the region.
    229 telephone calls made to families Palestinian IHL committee, the Ministry of
    to inform them about the detention Justice and the Palestine Red Crescent. Numerous presentations on IHL and the
    of a relative However, preparations for Palestinian elec- ICRC were given for prominent Israeli and
    156 RCMs collected and 159 distributed tions, initially scheduled for the end of 2005 Palestinian NGOs working, in particular,
    on behalf of Palestinian detainees and and subsequently postponed until January on IHL and human rights issues. The
    their families 2006, held up progress on this project. ICRC also gave around 50 presentations on

    314
    ICRC ANNUAL REPORT 2005

    its role, the Fundamental Principles and respective operational areas. The delegation
    humanitarian values for young Palestinians also helped them draft an operational
    taking part in summer camps. agreement to enhance cooperation between
    the two Societies. This agreement was
    A workshop on “Internment during inter- concluded under the auspices of the Swiss
    national armed conflict under IHL and government.
    Human Rights Law” was co-organized with
    the Hebrew University, bringing together Palestine Red Crescent Society
    Israeli and foreign academics and experts ICRC assistance helped to keep the Palestine
    on IHL. Red Crescent’s fleet of 80 ambulances in
    good working order and covered some of
    New ICRC materials were produced in the Society’s operating costs, including its
    Hebrew, including the third edition of the communications system, emergency med-
    booklet Towards a comprehensive solution to ical stations, staff salaries and staff training.
    the question of the emblem. The ICRC also worked to upgrade the man-
    agement practices of the Palestine Red
    IHL in schools and universities Crescent emergency medical services,
    Israeli school teachers received training in including helping it to budget effectively,
    the Exploring Humanitarian Law (EHL) reduce expenses and recover costs.
    programme in support of efforts by the
    Israeli Ministry of Education to incor- Through ICRC training in fields such as the
    porate the subject into secondary-school provision of care to people suffering trauma
    curricula. disorders, staff of the Palestine Red Crescent
    emergency medical and disaster manage-
    EHL supervisors from the Palestinian ment services were able to improve their
    Ministry of Education, together with the skills. Further funding was provided for
    Palestine Red Crescent and the ICRC, eval- dissemination programmes on IHL and the
    uated progress in 168 West Bank and Gaza Fundamental Principles, as well as for the
    schools where the programme was being Palestine Red Crescent website and publica-
    taught and studied plans to extend it to tions. Material, training and funding sup-
    another 95 Palestinian schools in 2006. port helped the Palestine Red Crescent to
    develop a sustainable mine-risk education
    Three Israeli students from the College of programme, coordinated with other agencies
    Management were invited to participate in working in this field.
    summer courses in IHL in Brussels and
    Warsaw. Two Palestinian teachers from the For its part, the Palestine Red Crescent
    University of Bethlehem attended a regional continued to help the ICRC to implement
    course on IHL in Beirut. programmes such as family visits to
    Palestinians detained by the Israeli author-
    Meetings were held with deans and pro- ities and emergency food distributions to
    fessors of Palestinian law faculties to dis- destitute Palestinian families in Hebron.
    cuss the integration of IHL into university
    curricula. Magen David Adom
    The ICRC continued to provide financial
    assistance to the Magen David Adom’s
    RED CROSS AND RED CRESCENT emergency medical services, including its
    MOVEMENT blood bank. ICRC support enabled the
    National Society’s tracing unit to continue
    Cooperation with the Magen David Adom its valuable work to trace Second World
    and the Palestine Red Crescent Society War victims and reunite family members
    remained a major component of ICRC separated by more recent conflicts. ICRC
    activities in the region. The aim was to technical and financial assistance also
    ensure that both possessed the means and helped the Magen David Adom develop a
    expertise to carry out the full range of strategic emergency response to natural
    activities of a well-functioning National disasters such as earthquakes.
    Society.
    As the lead agency for the Movement in the
    The ICRC continued to provide the Magen region, the ICRC coordinated the activities
    David Adom and the Palestine Red of over 10 National Societies working with
    Crescent with various forms of technical, the Magen David Adom and the Palestine
    material and financial support to reinforce Red Crescent.
    the capacities of their emergency medical
    and tracing services to respond effectively
    and promptly to needs arising in their

    315
    jordan
    LEBANON The ICRC has been permanently present in
    GOLAN SYRIA
    Jordan since the 1967 Arab-Israeli war. Its work
    IRAQ there largely consists of visiting detainees to
    monitor their treatment and conditions of
    detention, providing tracing and Red Cross
    AMMAN message services to civilians and foreign
    detainees, and promoting IHL throughout
    Jordan, in close cooperation with the Jordan
    ISRAEL
    J O RD AN
    National Red Crescent Society. The delegation
    SAUDI ARABIA also provides logistical support for ICRC relief
    operations in Israel, the Occupied Territories
    and the Autonomous Palestinian Territories and
    in Iraq.

    100 km
    ICRC/AR_2005

    ICRC delegation ICRC warehouse

    EXPENDITURE (IN CHF ,000)


    Protection 1,134
    Assistance 2
    Prevention 581 CONTEXT
    Cooperation with National Societies 135
    General - In 2005, Jordanian King Abdullah II sought Throughout 2005, Jordan registered a sig-
    to speed up the pace of political, economic nificant increase in tourism and foreign
    1,852 and social reforms and to bolster internal investment, as well as a boom in the con-
    of which: Overheads 113 security in the wake of terrorist attacks. The struction industry, although its economy
    IMPLEMENTATION RATE country also pursued its traditional peace- and low-income families were hard hit by
    Expenditure/yearly budget 111.3% maker role to restore peace and stability to sharp oil-price increases.
    the region.
    PERSONNEL
    16 expatriates
    Jordan hosted several international con-
    80 national staff (daily workers not included) The king participated in an Israeli- ferences on topical issues such as Islam in
    Palestinian summit in Egypt in February, today’s world and the reconstruction of
    KEY POINTS which led to a temporary suspension of Iraq. Jordanian officials also participated
    hostilities between the two parties. After the in major events abroad, including the Iraq
    In 2005, the ICRC: summit, Jordan renewed full diplomatic reconciliation conference in Cairo in
    carried out visits to people deprived
    relations with Israel and sent an ambassador November sponsored by the League of Arab
    of their freedom held by the Jordanian
    authorities; back to Tel Aviv after a four-year absence. States and the Islamic Summit held in Mecca
    restored links between families in Jordan in December.
    and their relatives detained in Jordan In April, Dr Adnan Badran was appointed
    or abroad; prime minister and formed a new 25-member
    made progress towards integrating IHL cabinet. Two further cabinet reshuffles took
    into the doctrine and teaching and training place in July and November, as the king
    programmes of the Jordanian armed forces;
    sought to accelerate implementation of the
    reached an agreement to integrate the
    Exploring Humanitarian Law programme government’s 10-year reform strategy. Major
    into school curricula and started changes also occurred in the composition of
    implementation in 13 pilot secondary the Royal Court, and new appointees were
    schools; named to head the State security services
    signed an annual cooperation agreement in May and December.
    with the Jordanian Red Crescent covering
    tracing, mine-risk education and the
    promotion of IHL;
    Security was tightened in August following
    maintained a relief and supply base in a missile attack from the Jordanian main-
    Amman in support of ICRC operations land on a US naval vessel anchored in Aqaba
    in Iraq and the Palestinian territories. Bay, missing the target but killing a Jordanian
    soldier. In November, Jordan was deeply
    shaken by three simultaneous suicide bomb-
    ings at three international hotels in Amman,
    killing some 60 people and injuring hun-
    dreds more. The attacks were blamed on
    militants entering the country from Iraq.

    316
    ICRC ANNUAL REPORT 2005

    MAIN FIGURES AND INDICATORS

    PEOPLE DEPRIVED OF THEIR FREEDOM (All categories/all statuses)


    Detainees visited 7,437
    Detainees visited and monitored individually 565
    Number of visits carried out 45
    Number of places of detention visited 12
    RESTORING FAMILY LINKS
    Red Cross messages (RCMs) and reunifications
    RCMs collected 1,708
    RCMs distributed 1,820
    Tracing requests, including cases of missing persons
    People for whom a tracing request was newly registered 57
    Tracing requests closed positively (persons located) 33
    Tracing requests still being handled at 31 December 2005 72
    DOCUMENTS ISSUED
    People to whom travel documents were issued 143
    People to whom a detention attestation was issued 14

    ICRC ACTION power-of-attorney papers and certificates In 2005:


    of detention, and the forwarding of family
    The ICRC in Jordan continued to play a parcels to detainees/internees. ICRC staff members, mainly logistics
    key role in support of ICRC operations in experts, were dispatched from Amman
    neighbouring Iraq and the Palestinian terri- Hundreds of people stranded in camps on to assist various ICRC relief operations
    tories. Emergency medical supplies, food the Iraqi-Jordanian border and in a strip of abroad (e.g. Darfur, Indonesia, Pakistan);
    and other essential aid were dispatched from no-man’s-land between the two countries 974 metric tonnes of medical, food
    ICRC warehouses in Amman by air or road since they fled Iraq when the conflict broke and other essential aid were transferred
    convoy to Iraq or to the West Bank. out there in March 2003 were also able to from Amman warehouses to Iraq and
    restore contact with family members the Palestinian territories by air or
    In Jordan itself, visits to people deprived of through the RCM network. overland;
    their freedom and the re-establishment of the Jordanian authorities agreed
    contact between people in Jordan and mem- Tracing requests received from Jordanian to change the status of the main
    bers of their families detained/interned nationals seeking assistance to contact warehousing facility in Amman from
    abroad, or between family members other- relatives in regions not affected by armed “bonded” to “free zone”, greatly
    wise separated by conflict, remained pri- conflict were referred to the tracing depart- facilitating logistics activities;
    ority activities. The ICRC also continued ment of the Jordanian Red Crescent and/or the full contingency stock of
    to facilitate the transfer of people in need to the Foreign Ministry. 2,000 family tents at the Amman
    of medical care between the West Bank warehouse was dispatched to Pakistan
    and Jordan. At the request of UNHCR and/or the in October for the earthquake emergency
    embassies concerned, the ICRC issued travel relief operation;
    Activities to promote national implementa- documents to recognized refugees to facili- 3 consignments of medical items
    tion of IHL and to support national efforts tate their resettlement in third countries. and ambulances from the Norwegian
    to integrate IHL into the doctrine, teaching Red Cross were received for shipment
    and training programmes of the armed forces 1,406 RCMs collected from and to Baghdad as a donation to the Iraqi
    and into university and school curricula 1,738 distributed to families, mostly Red Crescent Society.
    were favourably received by the authorities for/from relatives detained in Jordan
    concerned. or abroad The Amman-based ICRC regional training
    57 new tracing requests processed, unit continued to provide training for ICRC
    The ICRC also formalized its annual coop- mainly from families enquiring about staff in the region and in the Balkans and
    eration agreement with the Jordanian Red Jordanian nationals detained/interned the Caucasus. In 2005, it held 21 training
    Crescent in the fields of tracing, dissemi- or living in Iraq; 33 cases resolved sessions for 212 participants.
    nation and mine-risk education. and another 72 pending
    143 ICRC travel documents issued
    to recognized refugees without valid PEOPLE DEPRIVED
    CIVILIANS identification papers OF THEIR FREEDOM

    ICRC tracing and family-links Logistics support and training The ICRC carried out visits to people held
    services The ICRC logistics base in Amman con- mainly in detention facilities run by the
    The ICRC continued to restore links between tinued to provide key support to ICRC General Intelligence Directorate and in
    people in Jordan and their family members activities in Iraq, the Palestinian territories Correctional and Rehabilitation Centres
    detained/interned in Jordan or abroad. It and elsewhere. under the authority of the Public Security
    also facilitated the exchange between them Directorate to monitor the detainees’ treat-
    of official documents such as passports, ment and living conditions. It maintained

    317
    MIDDLE EAST AND NORTH AFRICA JORDAN

    its confidential dialogue with the Jordanian 3 members of the national IHL In addition:
    detaining authorities and submitted to them committee and the head of the Military
    two reports containing its findings and rec- Judicial Directorate participated in the director of military operations
    ommendations. Detainees were able to stay the 4th governmental meeting on and the director of the military legal
    in touch with their families through the the implementation of IHL in Cairo; department participated in a regional
    RCM service. a Jordanian judge participated in seminar on IHL organized by the
    the first regional course on IHL for ICRC in Cairo;
    7,437 people visited, including Arab judges in Kuwait; 480 JAF officers and more than
    565 monitored individually and a research competition on the 300 Iraqi officers taking military
    515 newly registered, during 45 visits International Criminal Court for courses in Jordan participated in
    made to 12 places of detention Jordanian judges was held in ICRC presentations on IHL at various
    302 RCMs collected from and cooperation with the Jordanian military institutes;
    82 distributed to detainees Judicial Institute;
    14 certificates of detention issued to the Jordanian Judicial Institute a first-ever ICRC seminar on IHL was
    former detainees took steps to integrate IHL into its held for Jordanian military judges;
    curriculum, and the first part of a 23 high-ranking Sudanese police
    train-the-trainer course was conducted officers were given a presentation on
    WOUNDED AND SICK at the institute; IHL at the Royal Police Academy during
    a seminar on IHL implementation a training course for international
    In cooperation with the Jordanian and and the ICRC’s activities in Jordan was police observers; a similar presentation
    Palestinian Red Crescent Societies, the ICRC organized for Foreign Ministry staff by was given for 6 UN multinational
    facilitated the transfer by ambulance of the Institute of Diplomacy, the Ministry military staff officers from Jordan,
    patients and the bodies of Palestinian nation- of Foreign Affairs and the ICRC; Saudi Arabia and South Africa.
    als between Jordan and the Palestinian ter- 4 members of the lower house of
    ritories. The transfer of medical cases across parliament participated in the first
    the King Hussein/Allenby Bridge between regional conference on IHL for Arab CIVIL SOCIETY
    the two locations nevertheless continued Parliamentarians in Damascus.
    to be affected by recurrent border closures. IHL teaching in universities
    However, as recommended at a meeting the ICRC publications, including Al Insani Integration of IHL teaching into university
    ICRC held with the two National Societies, (The Humanitarian), were regularly dis- curricula continued to advance. Highlights
    ambulance drivers started to communicate tributed to the Jordanian authorities. included:
    directly via mobile phones, thus helping to
    avoid uncoordinated ambulance movements 9 of Jordan’s 13 university law faculties
    on either side of the bridge. ARMED FORCES AND OTHER had started teaching IHL by the end
    BEARERS OF WEAPONS of 2005, and the remaining four were
    645 patients transferred by ambulance in the process of integrating the subject
    between Jordan and the West Bank with Following numerous meetings of a com- into their curricula;
    ICRC assistance mittee of eight officers, the syllabus and ICRC publications on IHL were
    corresponding reference documents inte- provided to the libraries of universities,
    grating IHL into military training were various other academic institutes and
    AUTHORITIES finalized and handed over to the director to postgraduate law students;
    of training of the Jordanian armed forces
    The ICRC kept up its dialogue with the (JAF) for follow-up.
    national authorities, particularly the
    Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Legislation The final version of the curriculum for IHL
    and Opinion Bureau and the National teaching and training in the armed forces
    Committee for Demining and Rehabilitation, was formally presented to the chairman of
    regarding Jordan’s implementation of IHL the Joint Chiefs of Staff and the JAF director
    instruments. Thus, in 2005: of training. Its contents were expected to be
    integrated into military training guidelines
    a draft red crescent law incorporating starting early in 2006.
    provisions to protect the emblem was
    submitted to parliament for approval;
    a draft law implementing the Rome Statute
    began its final steps through parliament;
    the National Committee for Demining
    and Rehabilitation set up a committee
    to draft a law implementing the Ottawa
    Convention;
    the national IHL committee established
    three sub-committees to accelerate the
    implementation process: the legislation
    sub-committee, the media and
    dissemination sub-committee and the
    teaching and training sub-committee;

    318
    ICRC ANNUAL REPORT 2005

    the ICRC participated in the second Exploring Humanitarian Law RED CROSS AND
    annual conference of the faculty of law An agreement on the introduction of the RED CRESCENT MOVEMENT
    at Jerash University on Resistance and Exploring Humanitarian Law (EHL) pro-
    Terrorism in Law and Islamic Sharia gramme in the national school system was The ICRC continued to provide training,
    with 50 participants from various Arab signed by the Minister of Education and the material and financial support to help
    countries; ICRC on 31 May. strengthen the capacities of the Jordanian
    contact was established with two sharia Red Crescent in the fields of dissemination,
    faculties with a view to organizing On the basis of a syllabus adapted to the tracing and mine-risk education.
    seminars on IHL and the sharia; Jordanian education system and adopted by
    18 law professors from 11 public the Education Board, the EHL programme In 2005:
    and private universities attended an was piloted in 13 secondary schools from
    ICRC seminar on IHL for Jordanian September. The ICRC also gave refresher 21 Red Crescent volunteers from
    international law professors; courses on the programme for 18 teachers mine-affected communities attended
    ICRC presentations on IHL were given and education supervisors. a training workshop on mine-risk
    at regional training workshops on education activities to strengthen
    the International Criminal Court and Media relations the mine-action programme at
    on Cultural Heritage Management in In addition to providing the national media community level;
    Times of Armed Conflicts; with updated information on ICRC opera- 26 volunteers from 9 Red Crescent
    2 Jordanian professors participated tions throughout the year, the ICRC organ- branches attended a training
    in the 3rd annual seminar on IHL for ized a round-table in Amman for Jordanian workshop on the dissemination
    Arab law professors, which took place journalists to discuss various subjects related of IHL, the Fundamental Principles
    in Beirut; the Dean of the Faculty of to IHL and the ICRC’s mandate and work. and humanitarian values;
    Law of Yarmouk University attended 6 winners of a mine-risk contest
    a regional meeting of academics also The ICRC also sponsored the participation for children organized by the ICRC and
    in Beirut. of a Jordanian columnist and member of the National Society in 2004 received
    the Higher Media Council in a two-day their prizes, and further competitions
    regional media workshop organized by on IHL, the Movement and mine-risk
    the ICRC in Dubai to discuss, in particu- education were held.
    lar, how media reporting can contribute
    to the protection of civilians and prevent The ICRC assisted the Jordanian and
    IHL violations. Palestinian Red Crescent ambulance serv-
    ices in transferring medical cases between
    Jordan and the West Bank (see Civilians).

    319
    lebanon
    The ICRC has been present in Lebanon since
    1967. It monitors the impact of hostilities on the
    civilian population in southern Lebanon and
    MEDITERRANEAN SEA Tripoli
    the situation of Lebanese refugees returning
    from Israel where they had fled following Israel’s
    withdrawal from southern Lebanon. The ICRC
    LEBANON
    is pursuing a dialogue with the Lebanese author-
    BEIRUT
    Beit Shabab ities to gain access to places of detention in the
    country. Restoring and maintaining contact
    SYRIA
    between members of dispersed families is also
    Sidon
    Ein-El-Helweh
    an ICRC priority. Other important aspects of
    the ICRC’s work include promoting IHL and
    Marjayoun supporting the Lebanese Red Cross Society,
    Tyr in particular in the areas of first aid and
    Naqoura emergency response.
    GOLAN 30 km
    ISRAEL
    ICRC/AR_2005

    ICRC delegation ICRC office

    EXPENDITURE (IN CHF ,000)


    Protection 398
    Assistance 89
    Prevention 599 CONTEXT
    Cooperation with National Societies 254
    General - Lebanon experienced a period of political Following the assassination in December
    turmoil and social unrest following the of Gibran Tueni, a key political figure, the
    1,341 assassination in February of former prime cabinet called for an international investi-
    of which: Overheads 82 minister Rafik Hariri in a car-bomb attack gation into a string of killings of Lebanese
    IMPLEMENTATION RATE in Beirut. The killing triggered mass demon- political and media personalities who had
    Expenditure/yearly budget 86.5% strations calling on the government to been critical of Syrian involvement in
    resign and Syrian troops to withdraw from Lebanon, spurring five ministers to suspend
    PERSONNEL
    1 expatriate
    Lebanon. participation in the government.
    10 national staff (daily workers not included)
    At the end of April, in compliance with UN In other violence, several bomb explosions
    KEY POINTS Security Council resolution 1559, Syria occurred between March and May in areas
    withdrew all of its troops from Lebanon populated mainly by Christians, and spo-
    In 2005, the ICRC: where they had been stationed since enter- radic skirmishes persisted between Hezbollah
    carried out activities to integrate IHL into
    ing the country as a peace-keeping force in militants in southern Lebanon and Israeli
    the training programmes of the Lebanese
    armed forces and to disseminate its basic 1976 during Lebanon’s civil war. forces, inflicting casualties and material
    principles among other arms bearers in damage on both sides of the Israeli-
    Lebanon; promoted the integration of IHL The preliminary findings of an ongoing UN Lebanese border. The hostilities centred on
    into Lebanese legislation and into university investigation implicated both the Lebanese or near the Israeli-occupied Shebaa Farms
    and secondary-school curricula; and Syrian security services in the killing region, which Lebanon claims as sovereign
    maintained a standby capacity to respond of Rafik Hariri. As the investigation pro- territory but which the UN considers to be
    to the emergency needs of the civilian
    gressed, four Lebanese generals were arrested part of the Syrian Golan Heights occupied
    population in southern Lebanon in the event
    of a sudden intensification of cross-border by the Lebanese authorities in connection by Israel during the 1967 Arab-Israeli war.
    violence between Hezbollah militants and with the murder.
    Israeli forces; Intermittent armed violence between rival
    enabled families in Lebanon to maintain After legislative elections in April/May, a Palestinian factions continued to disrupt
    contact and exchange official documents new government was formed in July headed the lives of Palestinian refugees living in
    with relatives either resident or detained in by Fuad Siniora, a former close ally of precarious conditions in 12 camps scattered
    Israel, and repatriated the remains of people
    killed during skirmishes with Israeli forces;
    Rafik Hariri, and for the first time included throughout the country.
    offered technical expertise to help identify Hezbollah cabinet ministers. It faced several
    human remains discovered in mass graves major challenges, including the disbanding The discovery of mass graves dating from
    found in Lebanon in support of efforts to and disarming of militias on Lebanese soil, Lebanon’s 1975–91 civil war prompted the
    clarify the fate of people unaccounted for as demanded by the UN Security Council, family associations concerned to increase
    from past conflicts in the region; reforming Lebanon’s economy, electoral sys- pressure on the authorities to take more
    continued to support the first-aid, ambulance
    tem and public and security services and, concerted and immediate action to clarify
    and communications services of the
    Lebanese Red Cross Society and a physical controversially, granting a more liberal legal the fate of people unaccounted for,
    rehabilitation centre caring for disabled status to Palestinian refugees. including those presumed to be detained or
    Palestinian refugees; missing in Syria. Several joint meetings of
    pursued dialogue with the Lebanese commissions established by the Lebanese
    authorities with a view to starting visits and Syrian authorities to exchange infor-
    to all people detained in Lebanon.

    320
    ICRC ANNUAL REPORT 2005

    MAIN FIGURES AND INDICATORS

    RESTORING FAMILY LINKS WOUNDED AND SICK


    Red Cross messages (RCMs) and reunifications Physical rehabilitation
    RCMs collected 60 Patients receiving services Patients 120
    RCMs distributed 90 Prostheses delivered Pieces 25
    Tracing requests, including cases of missing persons Orthoses delivered Pieces 21
    People for whom a tracing request was newly registered 8
    Tracing requests closed positively (persons located) 3
    Tracing requests still being handled at 31 December 2005 4
    DOCUMENTS ISSUED
    People to whom a detention attestation was issued 58

    mation on the missing had not resulted in ICRC tracing and RCM services enabled At the request of the families concerned
    any tangible progress being made to resolve contact to be restored or maintained and and in coordination with the Lebanese and
    these cases by the end of 2005. the exchange of official documents between Israeli authorities, the remains of Lebanese
    people in Lebanon and their family exiles who died in Israel and those of
    Commercial traffic between Lebanon and members resident in Israel since Israeli Lebanese and other Arab combatants killed
    Syria was severely disrupted at the end of troops pulled out of southern Lebanon in in conflict and buried in Israel, were repa-
    the summer by what Lebanon claimed to be September 2000. triated under ICRC auspices.
    deliberate Syrian administrative obstacles
    to trade with and beyond Syria, its main The ICRC continued to support the The ICRC also sought to persuade the
    gateway to the wider Arab world. Lebanese Red Cross Society in providing Lebanese authorities to allow the regis-
    efficient ambulance and first-aid services. tration in Lebanon of marriage and birth
    certificates of Lebanese refugees living in
    ICRC ACTION Israel, although no progress was made on
    CIVILIANS this question in 2005. Upon request, the
    In 2005, the ICRC continued to address ICRC issued certificates of detention to
    humanitarian issues stemming from past Protecting the civilian population former detainees released by Israel and
    conflicts in the region and the current situ- One of the ICRC’s main concerns was to repatriated to Lebanon.
    ation in Lebanon. ensure that the civilian population of
    southern Lebanon was protected from the the remains of 2 Lebanese nationals
    A standby capacity was maintained to effects of recurrent hostilities between and 3 Hezbollah militants repatriated
    respond to any major intensification of the Hezbollah and Israeli forces. When neces- under ICRC auspices
    recurrent cross-border hostilities between sary, it documented incidents involving 60 RCMs collected and 90 distributed
    Hezbollah militants and Israeli forces. The alleged violations of IHL in this context and
    ICRC also documented alleged violations made timely representations to the relevant Resolving cases of people
    of IHL in this context and made represen- authorities/armed groups. unaccounted for
    tations to the parties concerned. The ICRC maintained a dialogue with the
    The ICRC also stood ready to respond, in Lebanese authorities and armed groups to
    The ICRC followed developments in cooperation with the Lebanese Red Cross, resolve the cases of people unaccounted for
    Lebanon related to UN resolution 1559, to emergency needs should there be any in the context of past conflicts in Lebanon.
    which demanded the disbanding and dis- major deterioration in the cross-border It endeavoured to maintain interest among
    arming of all armed militant groups in hostilities. key sectors of Lebanese political and civil
    the country. society about this issue amidst mounting
    Families in Lebanon, both Lebanese and pressure from the families concerned to
    Further steps were taken to promote the Palestinian, were able to maintain contact address it as a matter of urgency.
    integration of IHL and its basic principles and exchange official documents with
    into domestic legislation, university and relatives either resident or detained in In support of efforts to provide informa-
    school curricula and the teaching and Israel through the ICRC’s tracing and tion to Lebanese and Palestinian families
    training programmes of the national armed RCM services. who have remained without news of their
    forces. The ICRC also sought to spread missing relatives for many years, the ICRC
    knowledge of IHL among other arms bear- The ICRC continued to raise awareness also offered technical guidance to the
    ers in Lebanon. among the Lebanese authorities and the Lebanese authorities in the exhumation
    international community of the basic needs and identification of human remains found
    The bodies of Lebanese refugees who died of the Palestinian refugee population in in gravesites in Lebanon.
    in Israel and those of Hezbollah fighters Lebanon. It also documented cases where
    killed by Israeli forces and kept in Israel civilian lives were allegedly endangered by 8 new tracing requests registered
    were repatriated under ICRC auspices. intra-Palestinian violence and made repre- 3 tracing requests resolved and
    sentations to the relevant parties. 4 previously registered cases pending
    55 various certificates delivered

    321
    MIDDLE EAST AND NORTH AFRICA LEBANON

    PEOPLE DEPRIVED seminar on IHL at the Arab Centre RED CROSS AND
    OF THEIR FREEDOM for Legal and Judicial Studies in Beirut RED CRESCENT MOVEMENT
    attended by 55 government officials
    Political developments in Lebanon during from 15 Arab countries. The ICRC worked to enhance the opera-
    the year prevented any further progress in tional capacities of the Lebanese Red Cross
    ICRC discussions with the Lebanese Society’s first-aid, ambulance and commu-
    authorities regarding ICRC access to places ARMED FORCES AND OTHER nication services. It also helped the National
    of detention in the country. BEARERS OF WEAPONS Society to promote knowledge and under-
    standing of IHL principles among the
    The ICRC nevertheless continued to issue The ICRC pursued activities aimed at authorities and key sectors of civil society, as
    certificates of detention to former detainees ensuring that members of the armed and well as among its own staff and volunteers.
    it had visited in the past. security forces were familiar with the ICRC
    and were trained to apply the rules of IHL. The Lebanese Red Cross responded effec-
    58 certificates of detention issued These included: tively to emergency situations resulting from
    to former detainees mass street demonstrations, explosions and
    giving presentations on IHL and the killings that occurred during the year. In
    ICRC’s mandate to trainee officers support of these and other National Society
    WOUNDED AND SICK at the Institute for Internal Security, activities, the ICRC:
    as well as to senior staff of the United
    Disabled Palestinians not assisted by the Nations Interim Force in Lebanon, funded ambulance facilities for
    Lebanese social welfare services were fitted which continued to facilitate ICRC emergency interventions and the
    free of charge with artificial limbs at a phys- activities in southern Lebanon; installation of appropriate telecommu-
    ical rehabilitation centre run by the Sidon holding regular meetings with all armed nications facilities in first-aid centres;
    Orphan Welfare Society located close to the groups present in the country to trained a further 25 Lebanese Red Cross
    main Palestinian refugee camp of Ein promote greater understanding of dissemination experts to teach the EHL
    El-Helwe and supported by the ICRC. the ICRC’s mandate and to facilitate programme; previously trained staff
    its activities in Lebanon. gave several presentations on the subject
    The ICRC continued to provide the centre to National Society colleagues.
    with materials, components for orthopaedic
    appliances and financial support. An ICRC CIVIL SOCIETY
    prosthetic/orthotic technician based in
    Damascus regularly monitored and evalu- Closer contacts were developed with key
    ated the quality of the limb-fitting service media outlets in Lebanon, which gave sig-
    and helped to assess the centre’s needs. This nificant coverage to ICRC activities in the
    ICRC programme was scheduled to run country and worldwide.
    until the end of 2006.
    Regular meetings were held with the leaders
    120 patients received at ICRC-supported of Islamic groups with a view to increasing
    physical rehabilitation centre their understanding of IHL and the ICRC’s
    2 new patients fitted with prostheses mandate in Lebanon and in other contexts in
    and 6 with orthoses the region where the ICRC is operational.
    25 prostheses and 21 orthoses delivered
    To promote the study of IHL at university
    level, the ICRC:
    AUTHORITIES
    organized courses on IHL for Arab law
    The ICRC established contacts with mem- lecturers and university officials;
    bers of the new Lebanese government with selected 3 students from 3 universities
    a view to ensuring continuity of the ICRC’s to participate in the Jean Pictet
    traditional activities in Lebanon, carried moot-court competition on IHL.
    out in conjunction with the Lebanese
    authorities. A mixed commission composed of represen-
    tatives of the Lebanese Pedagogical Centre
    In order to promote IHL among various and ICRC experts was entrusted with the
    authorities, the ICRC: task of overseeing implementation of the
    Exploring Humanitarian Law (EHL) pro-
    contributed to an ongoing study on gramme, in coordination with the Ministry
    the compatibility of current Lebanese of Education. Following training in the
    domestic legislation with the provisions programme, teachers began giving classes
    of IHL; in the subject. Impact assessments showed
    trained a number of Lebanese judges strong student interest in the syllabus.
    to teach IHL to their colleagues;
    organized, in conjunction with the 8 teachers trained in the EHL
    League of Arab States, a second regional programme.

    322
    syria
    The ICRC has been present in Syria since 1967.
    TURKEY It acts as a neutral intermediary regarding mat-
    ters of humanitarian concern for the Syrian
    inhabitants of the part of the Golan occupied
    Aleppo by Israel; they are protected by the Fourth
    Geneva Convention. It facilitates the passage of
    Syrian nationals, mainly students and pilgrims
    SY R I A
    who have to cross the area of separation for edu-
    cational or religious purposes, and helps family
    LEBANON members separated as a result of the conflict
    IRAQ with Israel to keep in contact. It works to spread
    DAMASCUS knowledge of IHL in government, military, aca-
    GOLAN demic and media circles and cooperates closely
    ISRAEL with the Syrian Arab Red Crescent.

    100 km
    JORDAN
    SAUDI ARABIA ICRC/AR_2005

    ICRC delegation

    EXPENDITURE (IN CHF ,000)


    Protection 188
    Assistance 288
    Prevention 455 CONTEXT
    Cooperation with National Societies 155
    General - At the end of April, Syria withdrew the last transition of the economy to a free market
    of its troops from Lebanon where they had system and to take measures to attract
    1,086 been stationed since entering the country as foreign investment.
    of which: Overheads 66 a peace-keeping force in 1976 during the
    IMPLEMENTATION RATE Lebanese civil war. The pull-out was in The economy was severely stretched by the
    Expenditure/yearly budget 77.4% compliance with UN Security Council res- increasing number of young people enter-
    olution 1559, adopted in September 2004, ing the workplace, particularly after Syria
    PERSONNEL
    2 expatriates
    which called for the withdrawal of all reduced compulsory military service from
    7 national staff (daily workers not included) foreign forces and the disbandment of all 30 to 24 months and following the return of
    Lebanese and non-Lebanese militias. tens of thousands of Syrian workers from
    KEY POINTS Lebanon.
    Syria nevertheless remained under inter-
    In 2005, the ICRC: national scrutiny through an investigation According to Kurdish parties, around
    helped Syrian inhabitants of the Israeli-
    commission established by the UN Security 225,000 Kurds living in Syria had not been
    occupied Golan preserve a minimum of
    contact with their families in Syria and Council to find out who was behind the granted Syrian nationality and a further
    arranged for students and pilgrims from assassination of former Lebanese prime 75,000 had no official papers at all. The
    the Golan to travel to Syria for educational minister Rafik Hariri in Beirut in February. Syrian authorities reiterated that they
    or religious purposes; In its two preliminary reports, the commis- were working on the problem and
    handled tracing requests from people in sion directly implicated the Syrian security intended to grant Syrian nationality to
    Syria seeking to locate and re-establish services, prompting strong denials from the some 100,000 Kurds.
    contact with family members unaccounted
    Syrian government. This and other issues
    for in Syria or detained/interned abroad,
    mainly in Iraq; led to a progressive deterioration of politi- In May, a prominent Kurdish sheikh,
    expanded contacts with government and cal and economic relations between Syria Mohammad Maashouk al-Khaznawi, was
    academic circles to promote the integration and Lebanon over the year. assassinated in unclear circumstances. The
    of IHL into national legislation, school Syrian authorities blamed a criminal group
    and university curricula and the doctrine Syria also refuted accusations by certain for the killing, which led to large demon-
    and training programmes of the Syrian countries, particularly the United States, strations and clashes with security forces
    armed forces;
    carried out field visits to Syrian Arab Red
    that it had allowed fighters of various and a number of arrests in areas populated
    Crescent branches nationwide to identify nationalities to transit its territory to join mainly by Kurds.
    ways of reinforcing mutual cooperation; the insurgency in Iraq. It was furthermore
    transported to Syria, at the request of the criticized by the United States and a number
    Syrian and Israeli authorities, more than of other countries for its alleged support for
    4,000 tonnes of apples produced by farmers various Palestinian militant organizations.
    in the occupied Golan;
    introduced the Exploring Humanitarian
    Law education programme in secondary At its 10th national congress in June, the
    schools on a trial basis. ruling Baath party asserted that democratic
    reforms in Syria should be implemented
    without foreign interference. It also encour-
    aged the government to accelerate the

    323
    MIDDLE EAST AND NORTH AFRICA SYRIA

    MAIN FIGURES AND INDICATORS

    RESTORING FAMILY LINKS WOUNDED AND SICK


    Red Cross messages (RCMs) and reunifications Physical rehabilitation
    RCMs collected 323 Patients receiving services Patients 777
    RCMs distributed 278 Prostheses delivered Pieces 351
    Tracing requests, including cases of missing persons Orthoses delivered Pieces 268
    People for whom a tracing request was newly registered 34
    Tracing requests closed positively (persons located) 9
    Tracing requests still being handled at 31 December 2005 65
    DOCUMENTS ISSUED
    People to whom travel documents were issued 131

    ICRC ACTION occupied Golan. Six ICRC trucks trans- and re-establish contact with relatives
    ported the cargo between March and April either detained/interned or unaccounted
    The ICRC continued, in close cooperation in an operation coordinated with the UN for in Iraq. Not all such requests could be
    with the Israeli and Syrian authorities, to Disengagement Observer Force, which dealt with successfully owing to security
    enable people in Syria to keep in some form monitors the demarcation line between conditions in Iraq, which prevented the
    of contact with their families living in the Syria and the occupied Golan. The opera- ICRC from visiting places of detention
    Israeli-occupied Golan. tion was an economic boost for the Golan where some people’s relatives were believed
    population, which depends largely on the to be detained/interned.
    ICRC tracing and RCM services helped sale of apples for its livelihood.
    Syrian nationals and Iraqi refugees in Syria Insofar as security conditions allowed, the
    to locate and re-establish contact with ICRC offered to repatriate the bodies of
    family members detained/interned or unac- CIVILIANS Syrians killed in Iraq, in cooperation with
    counted for abroad, mainly in Iraq. These the Syrian Arab Red Crescent, and to
    services also enabled Palestinian refugees in Restoring family links organize family visits to Syrian detainees
    Syria to restore and maintain contact with The ICRC enabled a minimum level of held in Camp Bucca in Iraq.
    relatives imprisoned in Israel. contact to be preserved between Syrians
    who fled or were expelled from the part of travel for 302 students and 463 pilgrims
    Recognized Iraqi and other refugees in Syria the Golan occupied by Israel in 1967 and facilitated between the occupied Golan
    without valid identification papers were family members who remained in the and Syria
    provided with travel documents to facilitate region. This mainly involved arranging 2 medical evacuations carried out
    their resettlement in third countries. travel by pilgrims and students from the between Syria and the occupied Golan
    occupied Golan to Syria for religious or 1 wedding ceremony arranged
    The ICRC strengthened its partnership with study purposes and the exchange of offi- in the separation zone under ICRC
    the Syrian Arab Red Crescent and rein- cial papers such as power-of-attorney auspices
    forced its capacity to deliver humanitarian documents and marriage, birth and death 35 official documents exchanged
    services in the fields of tracing, emergency certificates between members of the two between families in Syria and the
    response in situations of conflict and vio- communities. occupied Golan
    lence, mine-risk education and the promo- 131 people received ICRC travel
    tion of IHL at community level. Medical evacuations between Syria and the documents
    occupied Golan were also arranged under 323 RCMs collected and 278 delivered
    ICRC support was maintained to a physi- ICRC auspices, as were weddings between to and from families in Syria and
    cal rehabilitation centre run by the Syrian engaged couples separated by the demar- relatives detained/interned abroad
    branch of the Palestine Red Crescent cation line. 34 new tracing requests opened
    Society treating Palestinian and Syrian for families in Syria seeking news
    amputees. Consultations with the authorities con- of relatives unaccounted for in Iraq;
    cerned aimed at resuming regular meetings 9 tracing requests resolved, 65 cases
    In accordance with a core element of its between family members in Syria and the remained pending
    mandate, the ICRC continued to promote occupied Golan, particularly the young
    the integration of IHL into national legis- and the elderly, failed to produce any
    lation, school and university curricula and tangible results. PEOPLE DEPRIVED
    the training programmes of the Syrian OF THEIR FREEDOM
    armed forces. The ICRC continued to issue travel docu-
    ments to refugees and asylum seekers in Syria The ICRC maintained a capacity to restore
    Acting as a neutral intermediary, at the without valid identification papers to facil- links between people in Syria and their
    request of the Israeli and Syrian authorities itate their resettlement in third countries. family members detained/interned abroad
    and of Golan and Syrian farmers, the ICRC through its tracing and RCM services (see
    transported to Syria more than 4,000 tonnes The ICRC processed tracing requests Civilians).
    of apples produced by farmers in the from families in Syria seeking to locate

    324
    ICRC ANNUAL REPORT 2005

    WOUNDED AND SICK with the Ministry of Justice and organizing a joint National
    the Syrian Judicial Institute Society/ICRC mine-risk workshop
    The ICRC started to provide assistance to in conjunction with the Ministry
    a physical rehabilitation centre run by the of Defence and the association for
    Syrian branch of the Palestine Red Crescent ARMED FORCES AND OTHER landmines in Kuneitra governorate,
    Society in 2003 through the provision of BEARERS OF WEAPONS which is still affected by mines and
    materials purchased locally and of prosthetic/ other explosive remnants of war left
    orthotic equipment and appliances. In 2005: over from past conflicts in the region;
    conducting a refresher course on IHL
    In the first part of 2005, the ICRC posted 37 senior military instructors attended for branch office volunteers, who also
    a regional prosthetic/orthotic expert to courses on IHL organized by the ICRC, received documentation to help them
    Damascus to support the staff of the centre in conjunction with the training carry out dissemination sessions at
    and to review ICRC cooperation related to directorate of the Syrian armed forces, community level.
    the physical rehabilitation programme. ICRC and had gained sufficient knowledge
    support focused on enhancing the quality of the subject to teach it to military
    of services provided and orthopaedic appli- personnel;
    ances produced by the centre and upgrading IHL courses were held for members of
    its management and stock-control systems. the UN Truce Supervision Organization
    The ICRC also sponsored training courses stationed in the Golan Heights.
    for Palestinian Red Crescent technicians
    working at the centre.
    CIVIL SOCIETY
    777 patients received at ICRC-supported
    rehabilitation centre Efforts were pursued to raise the media’s
    178 new patients fitted with prostheses awareness of the ICRC and IHL. The ICRC
    and 144 with orthoses sponsored the participation of a Syrian
    351 prostheses (42 for mine victims), website editor in a two-day regional work-
    268 orthoses and 53 crutches delivered shop organized in Dubai to discuss, in
    particular, how media reporting can con-
    tribute to the protection of civilians and
    AUTHORITIES to preventing IHL violations.

    The creation in June 2004 of a national Although implementation of the Exploring


    committee for the implementation of IHL, Humanitarian Law (EHL) programme was
    composed of representatives of all key relatively slow during the 2005 school year,
    Syrian ministries and the president of the the Ministry of Education and the Minister
    Syrian Arab Red Crescent, led to the estab- of Red Crescent Affairs nevertheless con-
    lishment of various sub-committees and firmed their willingness to integrate it pro-
    the formulation of a plan of action to accel- gressively into secondary-school curricula.
    erate the adoption and implementation of
    IHL treaties in Syria. In 2005, the commit- The EHL programme was introduced for
    tee continued to work on the drafting of a the first time in Syria on a trial basis for
    law on the protection of the emblem, which 306 students in four schools in the Aleppo
    was finally adopted by parliament in region.
    November.

    A four-day seminar was held for national RED CROSS AND


    IHL committee members to review a plan RED CRESCENT MOVEMENT
    of action to advance the IHL implementa-
    tion process and to undertake a study on ICRC support to and cooperation with the
    the compatibility of current Syrian legisla- Syrian Arab Red Crescent in 2005 included:
    tion with IHL.
    carrying out visits to nearly all
    In addition, 250 parliamentarians from 14 Red Crescent branches nationwide
    12 Arab countries adopted a plan of action to evaluate their activities and most
    to speed up national implementation of urgent needs and to seek ways of
    IHL at a three-day conference organized by broadening cooperation in fields
    the ICRC in conjunction with the Syrian of mutual interest;
    People’s Assembly and the Damascus-based providing material support to the
    Arab Parliamentary Union. National Society to reopen branch
    offices in Hassakeh and Qamishli;
    60 future Syrian judges attended holding a two-day tracing seminar
    a presentation on IHL organized jointly for branch directors;

    325
    yemen
    In Yemen, the ICRC is negotiating the resump-
    tion of visits to all detainees and is meanwhile
    SAUDI ARABIA
    conducting activities for vulnerable groups in
    detention such as women. It spreads knowledge
    OMAN
    of IHL and promotes its incorporation into
    national legislation, school and university cur-
    ricula and the training programmes of the
    Seyoun armed and police forces. The ICRC assists reha-
    SANA'A
    Al Mahwit bilitation centres for the disabled and helps
    YEM EN
    RED Al Hodeida Mukalla refugees to restore family links and Yemeni
    SEA Dhamar
    Ibb nationals to locate and contact relatives detained/
    ERITREA
    Taiz
    Lahj
    ARABIAN SEA
    interned abroad. The ICRC has been working
    Aden in Yemen since the outbreak of the civil war
    DJIBOUTI in 1962.

    ETHIOPIA SOMALIA 200 km


    ICRC/AR_2005

    ICRC delegation ICRC-supported prosthetic/orthotic centre

    EXPENDITURE (IN CHF ,000)


    Protection 299
    Assistance 611
    Prevention 768 CONTEXT
    Cooperation with National Societies 284
    General - Clashes between government forces and The trials of several people arrested for
    followers of Sheikh Hussain al-Houthi, a reasons of State security started or ended in
    1,961 cleric accused of sedition and rebellion, 2005, as Yemen pursued its clampdown on
    of which: Overheads 120 flared up again in the northern province of suspected Islamic extremists within its
    IMPLEMENTATION RATE Saada at the end of March. The province borders. Alongside, it reinforced security
    Expenditure/yearly budget 82.4% had been the scene of armed confrontations cooperation with neighbouring countries
    between the same parties in mid-2004, dur- in the “fight against terrorism”.
    PERSONNEL
    4 expatriates
    ing which the sheikh was reportedly killed
    16 national staff (daily workers not included) and later succeeded by his father, Badreddin A steady flow of refugees continued to enter
    al-Houthi. Negotiations between the two Yemen, mostly from Somalia and other
    KEY POINTS sides in the summer were inconclusive, and conflict-ridden countries in the Horn of
    sporadic clashes erupted again in the Saada Africa. Yemen also continued to host the
    In 2005, the ICRC: region in mid-December. Arabian Peninsula’s largest non-Palestinian
    pursued and intensified efforts to visit
    refugee population.
    detainees in all the country’s detention
    places; In July, scores of people were killed and
    with the Yemen Red Crescent Society, hundreds injured in widespread rioting
    assisted civilians affected by armed which broke out in Sana’a and several other
    confrontations in northern Yemen; big cities after the government announced
    restored contact between families in Yemen cuts in subsidies on oil products by more
    and relatives detained/interned abroad than half as part of its economic reform
    and between foreigners in Yemen – mainly
    programme.
    refugees and asylum seekers – and family
    members in their home countries;
    issued certificates of detention to former
    detainees seeking refugee status in Yemen
    and facilitated family reunifications in
    third countries;
    sponsored vocational and literacy training
    and medical care for imprisoned women,
    in cooperation with the National Society;
    assisted physical rehabilitation centres caring
    for the disabled;
    promoted the integration of IHL into
    national legislation, the national education
    system and the teaching and training
    programmes of the Yemeni armed forces.

    326
    ICRC ANNUAL REPORT 2005

    MAIN FIGURES AND INDICATORS

    RESTORING FAMILY LINKS WOUNDED AND SICK


    Red Cross messages (RCMs) and reunifications Physical rehabilitation
    RCMs collected 4,445 Patients receiving services Patients 1,025
    RCMs distributed 3,470 Prostheses delivered Pieces 264
    Tracing requests, including cases of missing persons Orthoses delivered Pieces 1,274
    People for whom a tracing request was newly registered 63
    Tracing requests closed positively (persons located) 39
    Tracing requests still being handled at 31 December 2005 28
    DOCUMENTS ISSUED
    People to whom a detention attestation was issued 66

    ICRC ACTION by armed confrontations in northern Yemen. ICRC certificates of detention were issued
    This followed an initial offer of services in to former detainees without identification
    The ICRC pursued dialogue with the 2004, which resulted in a joint mission by papers to facilitate their requests for refugee
    Yemeni authorities with a view to resum- the ICRC and the National Society in status in Yemen or resettlement in third
    ing regular visits to all detainees in Yemen. December of the same year to assess the countries. The certificates were provided by
    Particular emphasis was placed on gaining most urgent needs in the Marran region ICRC delegations in countries where they
    access to people held in relation to the of Saada. were previously imprisoned. In several cases,
    armed confrontations in the north of the the ICRC cross-checked detention records
    country or to activities perceived as endan- After submitting the findings and recom- at the request of UNHCR in Yemen.
    gering State security. mendations that resulted from the mission
    to the Yemeni authorities in February 2005, 4,442 RCMs collected and 3,462 RCMs
    In conjunction with the Yemen Red Crescent the ICRC and the Yemeni Red Crescent delivered from and to Yemenis
    Society, the ICRC maintained its support were authorized to visit the region again, detained/interned abroad and family
    for a programme providing literacy courses where they carried out emergency relief members in Yemen
    and vocational training, as well as improved operations for the civilian population. 63 new tracing requests received
    medical care, for women prisoners. It also 39 tracing requests closed positively
    continued to assist the Yemeni authorities Starting in June, after identifying water and 28 tracing requests still pending
    in identifying and responding, jointly with shortages as being the main problem, a 66 certificates of detention issued
    the National Society, to the emergency team of ICRC staff and Red Crescent vol- to former detainees
    needs of the population in northern Yemen unteers distributed 1,100 water filters to
    affected by the recurring hostilities between households in the area and provided tim-
    government forces and armed groups. ber, corrugated iron, cement and sand to PEOPLE DEPRIVED
    enable the local population to repair ponds OF THEIR FREEDOM
    Demand remained steady for the ICRC used for water collection that were damaged
    tracing and RCM services enabling refugees during the fighting. Visits to detainees
    in Yemen to stay in touch with their families The ICRC pursued negotiations with the
    and Yemeni nationals to re-establish and In July, the ICRC provided medical equip- authorities to gain regular access to all
    maintain links with family members ment and logistical support to the National places of detention in Yemen, including
    detained/interned abroad. Society to strengthen its capacity to give those holding people in connection with
    on-site first-aid treatment and transport the armed confrontations in northern
    The ICRC also continued to provide tech- the wounded to hospital following rioting Yemen and with activities perceived as
    nical, training and material support to triggered by the fuel-price increases. endangering State security. It emphasized
    physical rehabilitation centres caring for to the Yemeni authorities that its visits must
    the disabled. Restoring family links be extended to all categories of detainees
    Thousands of refugees and asylum seekers, and carried out in accordance with stan-
    Other ICRC priorities included promoting mainly from countries in the Horn of dard ICRC procedure before they could
    knowledge of IHL and its integration into Africa, continued to rely on the ICRC’s resume on a regular basis.
    national legislation, school and university tracing and RCM network to locate and re-
    curricula and the training programmes of establish contact with family members in Ad hoc visits were made to a Yemeni
    the armed, police and security forces. their home countries. By the same means, national following his transfer and repatri-
    hundreds of families in Yemen were able to ation from Guantanamo Bay, and the ICRC
    restore and maintain contact with close requested access to other Yemenis repatri-
    CIVILIANS relatives detained or interned abroad (in ated from US detention facilities.
    Afghanistan, Iraq and the US Naval Station
    Assisting the civilian population at Guantanamo Bay). RCMs were also 3 RCMs collected from and 2 delivered
    In 2005, the ICRC again offered its services relayed between Iraqi nationals resident in to detainees
    to the Yemeni authorities to help assess and Yemen and family members held in Iraq.
    respond to potential needs in areas affected

    327
    MIDDLE EAST AND NORTH AFRICA YEMEN

    Assistance to women prisoners the ICRC donated reference material the deans of the law faculties of Sana’a
    In conjunction with the Yemeni Red and books on IHL to the library of and Aden universities and the Deputy
    Crescent, the ICRC continued to provide Yemen’s parliament; Minister for Higher Education and
    financial and material support for a pro- the Attorney General of Yemen Scientific Research participated in
    gramme offering sewing/weaving facilities participated in the 4th regional meeting a meeting in Beirut on the integration
    and literacy courses for women prisoners for Arab government experts on IHL of IHL into university curricula;
    in five central prisons in Aden, Amran, in Cairo (see Egypt); the ICRC provided law faculty libraries
    Dhamar, Al Hodeida and Al Mahwit. The the ICRC advised the national IHL with reference publications on IHL,
    aim of the programme was to break their committee on the production of its including copies of the recent ICRC
    isolation and improve their prospects of annual report on the implementation study on customary international
    reintegration into society after release. of IHL in Yemen. humanitarian law.
    Following an assessment of needs, the ICRC
    also distributed basic hygiene materials to Promoting humanitarian principles
    the women’s sections of the central prisons ARMED FORCES AND OTHER among young people
    in Aden and Al Hodeida. BEARERS OF WEAPONS The ICRC’s Exploring Humanitarian Law
    (EHL) education programme, introduced
    ICRC support continued to promote the in Yemen on a trial basis in the 2003–04
    WOUNDED AND SICK sustainability of IHL training programmes school year, continued to run successfully,
    for the armed forces, including: and its implementation was extended by
    Assistance to the disabled ministerial decree to a total of 16 schools in
    The ICRC continued to provide professional a refresher course on IHL for 8 governorates. Missions were carried out
    training in prosthetics and orthotics and to 50 instructors from the Yemeni armed to assess the impact of the EHL programme
    supply orthopaedic components to Ministry and security forces; in the schools where it was already being
    of Health physical rehabilitation centres in a five-day basic course on IHL for taught.
    Sana’a and Al Mukalla. Orthopaedic appli- 38 Yemeni air force and navy officers;
    ances were produced by the centres accord- the publication of ICRC articles on 32 teachers newly trained in the EHL
    ing to ICRC polypropylene technology IHL-related issues in the monthly programme
    introduced in Yemen in 2002. armed forces magazine Al-Jaish and
    in the weekly newspaper of the Ministry
    As part of the training process, the ICRC of Defence; RED CROSS AND
    sponsored the participation of two Yemeni distribution of publications on the RED CRESCENT MOVEMENT
    technicians in a 30-month prosthetics and ICRC and IHL and the ICRC’s study on
    orthotics course at the Mobility India insti- customary international humanitarian The Yemeni Red Crescent and the ICRC,
    tute in Bangalore and organized English law to the military authorities and supported by volunteers from a local NGO,
    lessons for six other technicians from the military training institutes. carried out emergency relief activities in
    Al Mukalla and Sana’a centres selected to areas of north Yemen affected by the hos-
    attend the same course in summer 2006. tilities between government forces and
    CIVIL SOCIETY armed groups (see Civilians).
    1,025 patients received at 2 ICRC-
    supported physical rehabilitation Promoting IHL among media, To further reinforce the capacity of the
    centres academic and religious circles National Society to deliver first-aid services,
    251 new patients fitted with prostheses In order to spread knowledge of IHL, the the ICRC donated 30 first-aid kits for dis-
    and 925 with orthoses ICRC developed contacts with the media tribution to all 12 of its branches. Emer-
    264 prostheses (19 for mine victims) and academic and religious circles. Thus, gency medical supplies were also provided
    and 1,274 orthoses delivered in 2005: to help the National Society respond to
    needs arising from the extensive rioting in
    20 journalists attended an ICRC several major cities (see Civilians).
    AUTHORITIES workshop on media coverage of
    humanitarian activities and IHL-related Strategies to enhance the impact of the
    A key ICRC activity was to provide the issues and 1 journalist participated in ICRC’s assistance programme for women
    Yemeni authorities with legal support and a regional media meeting on the in prison (see People deprived of their free-
    IHL documentation to accelerate Yemen’s protection of civilians held in Dubai; dom) were reviewed at an ICRC workshop
    adherence to IHL treaties and their national 40 Yemeni scholars, academics, members in Sana’a for representatives of Red Crescent
    implementation. Yemen’s ratification of the of parliament and religious dignitaries branches involved in the programme.
    Rome Statute was debated in parliament. attended a seminar on the protection Discussion focused on ways to improve
    of war victims under IHL and sharia training techniques for Red Crescent staff
    To promote IHL among the various law organized with the Yemeni Red and volunteers working with women
    authorities, in 2005: Crescent and Aden University; detainees and the marketing of the handi-
    200 participants from various segments crafts they produced.
    workshops on IHL were held for judges, of Yemeni civil society, including
    national prosecutors, trainee diplomats religious leaders and prominent Government officials and representatives
    and officials from the Ministry of academics, attended an ICRC seminar of some 20 local organizations attended
    Human Rights; on humanitarian principles in IHL a workshop on current programmes and
    and sharia law in Taiz; policies related to women detainees in

    328
    ICRC ANNUAL REPORT 2005

    Yemen and handicrafts produced by women


    in the five central prisons were put on public
    display. Other activities in 2005 included:

    a photo exhibition entitled “Together


    for the Protection of Human Dignity:
    the Red Cross and the Red Crescent
    in Yemen – Past and Present”, organized
    by the ICRC, the International
    Federation and the National Society
    to mark World Red Cross and Red
    Crescent Day on 8 May;
    support for dissemination sessions
    on the Fundamental Principles and IHL
    conducted by Red Crescent volunteers
    for various segments of Yemeni society;
    support for the publication of the
    National Society’s bimonthly magazine
    (Al Ithar) and Red Crescent branches’
    quarterly newsletters;
    further training in restoring family links
    for National Society personnel and for
    5 Somali nationals selected to work as
    Red Crescent volunteers to help Somali
    refugees re-establish contact with family
    members in their home country via
    the tracing and RCM network;
    an assessment of Yemeni Red Crescent
    tracing capacities conducted by the
    ICRC and the National Society in order
    to develop a strategy to upgrade tracing
    services;
    introduction of the “Safer Access”
    approach to more than 150 Red
    Crescent volunteers at a disaster-
    management course organized by the
    National Society and the International
    Federation.

    329
    kuwait
    SYRIA The ICRC’s presence in the region is linked to
    LEBANON
    IRAQ
    humanitarian issues still outstanding from the
    IRAN
    ISRAEL 1990–91 Gulf War, as well as those arising from
    JORDAN
    Rafha
    the current armed conflict in Iraq and those
    K U WA I T relating to people deprived of freedom in the
    Gulf region. In addition, the ICRC focuses on
    MANAMAH
    BAHRAIN
    DOHA ABU communication strategies aimed at promoting
    DHABI GULF of
    RIYADH QATA R OMAN IHL and the ICRC’s role as a neutral and inde-
    U.A .E . MUSCAT pendent humanitarian organization operating
    SAUD I ARAB I A
    OMAN in areas affected by armed conflict and internal
    RED violence. It also works to reinforce coopera-
    SUDAN SEA
    tion with the National Red Crescent Societies
    of the region.
    ERITREA YEMEN

    ETHIOPIA 300 km
    ICRC/AR_2005
    COVERING
    ICRC regional delegation Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia,
    United Arab Emirates

    EXPENDITURE (IN CHF ,000)


    Protection 601
    Assistance -
    Prevention 1,187 CONTEXT
    Cooperation with National Societies 153
    General 140 Important transitions of power took In Qatar, a political reform programme,
    place in the region after the passing away approved by referendum in 2003 and provid-
    2,080 of King Fahd of Saudi Arabia and ing for the creation of a national assembly,
    of which: Overheads 127 President Sheikh Zayed of the United Arab remained on course with the introduction
    IMPLEMENTATION RATE Emirates (UAE). Crown Prince Abdullah of a new constitution in June 2005. Qatar
    Expenditure/yearly budget 88.9% became the new king of Saudi Arabia also set up a special court to hear cases on
    and Sheikh Khalifa succeeded his father private issues brought before it by members
    PERSONNEL
    4 expatriates
    as president of the UAE. of the Shiite community.
    18 national staff (daily workers not included)
    Several States in the region pursued efforts At the end of 2005, Sheikh Khalifa, presi-
    KEY POINTS to promote greater national dialogue and dent of the UAE, announced elections for
    reconciliation through gradual political and half of the members of the Federal National
    In 2005, the ICRC: social reforms. Council.
    in the framework of the Tripartite
    Commission and its Technical
    Sub-committee set up under the auspices From February to April, Saudi Arabia held Countries in the Arabian Peninsula rein-
    of the ICRC, endeavoured to clarify the its first nationwide municipal elections. forced regional security cooperation in a
    fate of persons unaccounted for in relation Half of the 178 municipal council seats were period marked by several security incidents
    to the 1990–91 Gulf War; subject to popular vote, while the others were involving militants in a number of Gulf
    restored contact between families in Gulf filled by government appointees. In April, States. In January, Kuwaiti security forces
    countries and relatives either detained/ the Saudi Consultative Council, whose were engaged in an unprecedented series of
    interned abroad (e.g. Guantanamo Bay
    members were nominated by the Saudi clashes with armed groups, which resulted
    Naval Station, Iraq, Afghanistan) or separated
    from them as a result of armed conflict; monarch, was renewed and enlarged from in several casualties and the conviction of
    visited certain categories of detainees in 120 to 150 seats. 29 people, six of whom were sentenced to
    Kuwait to monitor their treatment and death. During the same month, a number
    living conditions; In Kuwait, the national assembly voted to of people in Oman were imprisoned after
    made progress in its efforts to integrate grant women full political rights. The vote, being found guilty of planning attacks
    IHL into national legislation, university however, came too late for women to par- against public and government targets and
    and school education and the teaching and
    training programmes of the armed forces
    ticipate in municipal elections which took later granted amnesty by Sultan Qaboos. In
    in Gulf States; place in June 2005. March, a suicide bomber targeted a theatre
    intensified networking with officials, in Qatar in the first attack of its kind
    religious and opinion leaders and the Arab Political debate in Bahrain centred on con- reported in the country. In Saudi Arabia,
    media to promote IHL-related issues and stitutional reforms demanded by the Shiite security forces were involved in major
    the ICRC’s humanitarian activities in majority, which sought a greater role in the clashes with armed militant groups in
    conflict areas worldwide;
    country’s political process. Throughout the Qassim province in March and early April.
    worked with the National Societies to help
    coordinate assistance activities in conflict year, demonstrations took place in Bahrain
    regions and to enlist their support in over political reforms and unemployment.
    promoting knowledge and implementation
    of IHL.

    330
    ICRC ANNUAL REPORT 2005

    MAIN FIGURES AND INDICATORS

    PEOPLE DEPRIVED OF THEIR FREEDOM (All categories/all statuses) 1


    Detainees visited 44
    Detainees visited and monitored individually 44
    Number of visits carried out 18
    Number of places of detention visited 5
    RESTORING FAMILY LINKS
    Red Cross messages (RCMs) and reunifications
    RCMs collected 835
    RCMs distributed 856
    Tracing requests, including cases of missing persons
    People for whom a tracing request was newly registered 53
    Tracing requests closed positively (persons located) 35
    Tracing requests still being handled at 31 December 2005 576
    DOCUMENTS ISSUED
    People to whom a detention attestation was issued 3,235
    1. Kuwait

    ICRC ACTION opinion leaders and the media in Gulf with 2004. Many of the requests concerned
    States to gain increased acceptance of and family members held in detention facilities
    Resolving the humanitarian issues still support for the ICRC’s mandate and in Iraq and Guantanamo Bay.
    outstanding from the 1990–91 Gulf War humanitarian activities in conflict areas
    and others arising from the regional conse- worldwide. Cooperation was reinforced with the State
    quences of the conflict in Iraq and the authorities and Red Crescent Societies in
    global “fight against terrorism” remained The ICRC also focused on the development the region to ensure that RCMs were col-
    priority objectives for the Kuwait regional of solid working partnerships with National lected and distributed with minimum delay.
    delegation. Societies in the Gulf region with the aim of
    enhancing the spirit of the Movement Following the tsunami disaster in
    ICRC activities related to the 1990–91 Gulf through greater operational and financial December 2004 and given the large number
    War continued to focus mainly on clarify- support for its activities. of nationals from the affected countries
    ing the fate of people still missing from that who were at the time working in Gulf
    conflict, in order to relieve the anxiety of Further steps were taken to encourage the States, the Kuwait regional delegation con-
    their families and to organize the voluntary incorporation of IHL into national legisla- tacted representatives of the embassies
    repatriation of those found to be alive, or tion, school and university curricula and concerned (India, Indonesia, Sri Lanka and
    the recovery of identified human remains the teaching and training programmes of Thailand) and briefed them on the ICRC
    by the families concerned. The ICRC also national armed forces in the region. tracing website set up to facilitate the
    provided former Iraqi POWs from the con- restoration of family links. In addition, the
    flict with certificates of detention to enable Following his visit to Saudi Arabia in 2003, ICRC processed a number of tracing requests
    them to qualify for State benefits. the ICRC president returned to the country from families in Sri Lanka anxious to get in
    early in 2005 for talks with the highest touch with close relatives in Saudi Arabia.
    Visits continued to people detained in authorities and the Saudi Arabian Red
    Kuwait as a result of the Gulf War and with- Crescent Society on humanitarian issues of 91 RCMs collected and 33 distributed
    out diplomatic representation, to assess mutual concern. The visit was an opportu- from and to families in Gulf countries
    their treatment and material conditions of nity to update the Saudi authorities on the and relatives held in places of detention
    detention and to facilitate their repatriation ICRC’s humanitarian work – notably in the abroad
    or resettlement in third countries whenever Palestinian territories, Sudan and Iraq – in 53 tracing requests registered,
    such assistance was requested. Further visits the light of recent political developments 8 cases were resolved and 76 remained
    were carried out to Kuwaiti nationals held and security challenges, and to discuss unresolved
    after their transfer and repatriation from operational issues.
    the US detention facility at Guantanamo Tracing the missing from
    Bay Naval Station. the 1990–91 Gulf War
    CIVILIANS The 28th Tripartite Commission meeting,
    As in the past, the ICRC helped people in as well as the 47th, 48th and 49th sessions of
    Gulf countries to trace and re-establish con- Restoring family links its Technical Sub-Committee, were held
    tact with family members imprisoned in Families in the region continued to require under ICRC chairmanship in Kuwait dur-
    Iraq, Guantanamo Bay and Afghanistan, or assistance to trace and restore or maintain ing 2005 and attended by representatives
    present in other countries affected by armed contact with family members detained/ of Iraq, Kuwait, France, Saudi Arabia, the
    conflict or other situations of violence where interned abroad or located in countries United Kingdom and the United States. The
    communications remained unreliable. disrupted by armed conflict or other situa- Tripartite Commission and its Technical
    tions of violence. Demand for the RCM Sub-Committee were established to address
    A particular effort was made to reinforce service from and for families in Gulf coun- the issue of people unaccounted for in con-
    contacts among officials, religious and tries increased by 50% in 2005 compared nection with the 1990–91 Gulf War. The

    331
    MIDDLE EAST AND NORTH AFRICA KUWAIT

    ICRC had chaired both bodies since they In 2005, no visits were made to detention the ICRC trained a librarian to handle
    were set up in 1991 and 1994 respectively. centres in Qatar. IHL reference documentation at the
    All parties concerned pledged to pursue Kuwait Institute for Judicial and Legal
    their cooperation in efforts to clarify unre- Working closely with the authorities and Studies;
    solved cases of persons missing in relation the National Societies concerned, the ICRC Qatar acceded to the 1977 Additional
    to the conflict. The Iraqi delegation, led by endeavoured to process in a timely and effi- Protocol I.
    the Minister for Human Rights, was invited cient manner requests for certificates of deten-
    for the first time to visit Kuwait’s National tion from former Iraqi POWs previously
    Committee for Missing Persons and held in Kuwait and Saudi Arabia and visited ARMED FORCES AND OTHER
    Prisoners of War’s Affairs (NCMPA) and and registered at the time by ICRC delegates. BEARERS OF WEAPONS
    was briefed on its structure, working proce-
    dures and activities with respect to the issue 44 people visited and monitored To promote knowledge of and compliance
    of missing persons. individually, including 4 newly with IHL by the armed forces of the region,
    registered detainees, during 18 visits the ICRC:
    Since 2003, 269 cases of missing persons were made to 5 places of detention in Kuwait
    resolved through the Tripartite Commission 744 RCMs collected from and conducted courses in IHL for around
    process, 227 of which had been submitted 823 distributed to detainees 60 senior officers from various units
    by Kuwait and Saudi Arabia and 42 by Iraq. 3,235 certificates of detention issued to of the Omani armed forces, for some
    former Iraqi POWs and former detainees 120 junior and senior officers at the
    27 cases submitted by the coalition Kuwait Command and Staff College
    forces and 12 by Iraq resolved positively and for 45 officers from Kuwait,
    the remains of 1 Iraqi national found in AUTHORITIES Bahrain and Qatar at the Kuwait Junior
    Kuwait repatriated under ICRC auspices Staff College;
    500 cases of missing persons submitted Promoting the implementation gave presentations on IHL and the
    by the coalition forces and 1,085 sub- of IHL ICRC at the Prince Nayef Arab Academy
    mitted by Iraq still unresolved Gulf States were encouraged to adhere to for Security Sciences in Riyadh;
    IHL treaties and conventions to which they arranged for 12 military officers from
    Facilitating refugee resettlement were not yet party and to incorporate into Bahrain, Kuwait, Qatar, the UAE and
    In previous years, the ICRC had provided national legislation those already ratified. Saudi Arabia to participate in the
    travel documents to refugees and asylum 3rd regional meeting on IHL;
    seekers without valid identification papers The ICRC’s legal advisory service conducted provided publications on IHL to armed
    in Gulf countries in order to facilitate their studies in a number of Arab countries to forces’ libraries in Oman and Kuwait.
    resettlement in third countries and for migra- assess the compatibility of their national
    tion or family reunification purposes. The legislation with IHL as a means of helping
    ICRC issued no travel documents in 2005 but governments to modify their respective CIVIL SOCIETY
    maintained the capacity to do so if required. laws, where appropriate.
    Contacts with religious and opinion leaders
    In May, the ICRC president visited Saudi were intensified to promote IHL and to
    PEOPLE DEPRIVED Arabia, where he met the crown prince, increase their understanding of the inde-
    OF THEIR FREEDOM ministers and representatives of the Saudi pendent, neutral and impartial nature of
    Consultative Council and senior officials the ICRC’s humanitarian mandate and
    Visits to detainees of the Saudi Arabian Red Crescent Society. activities worldwide.
    Visits were made to foreign detainees, Discussions focused on the main humani-
    mainly Iraqis and stateless persons without tarian challenges currently facing the ICRC The ICRC kept the Arab and international
    diplomatic representation in Kuwait and in various parts of the world and the rele- media based in the Gulf regularly informed
    detained in connection with the 1990–91 vance of IHL in these contexts. of its activities and humanitarian issues.
    conflict, held at the Kuwaiti central prison
    for men, the central prison for women and In 2005: In addition, in 2005:
    the deportation centre. Visits were also car-
    ried out to Kuwaiti nationals detained in government legal experts from several a regional seminar for Arab media
    Kuwait after their transfer and repatriation Gulf countries participated in regional representatives on how the media can
    from Guantanamo Bay. seminars on measures to implement contribute to the protection of civilians
    IHL organized by the League of Arab in times of war was organized in Dubai;
    The ICRC obtained written approval from States and the ICRC; 3 workshops on IHL in media reporting
    the Saudi authorities to visit Saudi detainees 25 Qatari government officials attended were organized for journalists repre-
    formerly held in Guantanamo Bay. How- a seminar on IHL organized at the senting international and Arab media
    ever, at the end of December, no date had invitation of the Qatari Council of in the Gulf;
    yet been agreed upon for the visit. Ministers; a presentation on IHL and the ICRC
    the UAE government approved the was given to a group of journalists
    Up until February, the ICRC had facilitated creation of a national IHL committee from across the region at a media
    the repatriation of released Iraqi detainees and signed a memorandum of seminar organized by the Al-Jazeera
    from Kuwait after interviewing them in understanding with the ICRC on Training Centre and the Qatari Human
    private to ensure that they were returning the creation of a regional IHL training Rights Commission in Qatar;
    to Iraq of their own free will. centre for diplomats;

    332
    ICRC ANNUAL REPORT 2005

    ways and means of incorporating IHL RED CROSS AND Red Crescent Societies continued to collect
    into national legislation were discussed RED CRESCENT MOVEMENT and deliver RCMs between families living
    with prominent Kuwaiti journalists. in Gulf States and their detained relatives,
    National Societies of the region were mainly in Guantanamo Bay and Iraq (see
    Promoting the inclusion of IHL encouraged to support ICRC relief oper- Civilians). A representative of the Saudi Red
    in academic curricula ations in Iraq, Sudan, the Palestinian ter- Crescent became a member of the Advisory
    ritories and countries affected by the Group implementing a project to develop
    In 2005, the ICRC: tsunami disaster and by the earthquake in the capacities of the tracing services of
    South Asia. National Societies and to reinforce the Red
    held meetings with the deans and Cross and Red Crescent Movement’s family
    teaching staff of the faculties and An agreement was signed with the Saudi news network.
    colleges of sharia law in Kuwait, Red Crescent and the Saudi Committee for
    Bahrain, Oman and Saudi Arabia Relief of the Palestinian People regarding Qatar was represented at a meeting of
    to promote the teaching of IHL at Saudi contributions to ICRC humanitarian National Society media officers held at
    university level; assistance programmes in the Palestinian ICRC headquarters in Geneva to discuss
    maintained support to the Kuwait territories. ways of raising media interest and support
    Institute for Legal and Judicial Studies for humanitarian action based on IHL and
    teaching IHL to public prosecutors The UAE Red Crescent Society provided the principles of neutrality, impartiality
    and judges from Arab countries; support for ICRC mine-action work in the and independence.
    gave presentations on IHL and region and for ICRC activities related to the
    the ICRC to professors and students at Asian tsunami, the earthquake in Pakistan- The ICRC facilitated the transfer from the
    the University of Kuwait and at the administered Kashmir and ICRC operations West Bank of olive oil purchased by the Qatar
    Colleges of Law in Oman and Bahrain; in Liberia and Afghanistan. The Bahrain Red Crescent Society to help Palestinian
    supported the participation of Red Crescent Society contributed for the farmers affected by the situation in the
    5 university law lecturers from Bahrain, second time to the ICRC’s food-distribution Palestinian territories.
    Kuwait, Oman, Saudi Arabia and programme for destitute Palestinian fami-
    the UAE in the 3rd regional seminar lies in the West Bank town of Hebron. In March, an ICRC delegation attended the
    on IHL; 33rd General Assembly of the General
    pursued discussion with the education Secretariat of the Organization of Arab Red
    authorities in Kuwait and Bahrain Cross and Red Crescent Societies in Riyadh.
    regarding the integration of the ICRC’s
    Exploring Humanitarian Law programme
    into secondary school curricula.

    333
    tunis
    The regional delegation in Tunis has been oper-
    ATLANTIC ating since 1987 and focuses on resolving issues
    MEDITERRANEAN SEA
    OCEAN TUNIS
    RABAT TUNISIA of humanitarian concern arising from the after-
    M O RO CCO TRIPOLI math of the Western Sahara conflict. It also visits
    ALGERIA people deprived of their freedom in Tunisia and
    WE STERN
    L I B YA Mauritania to monitor their treatment and condi-
    EGYPT
    SAH AR A tions of detention. It promotes implementation
    of IHL by the authorities and its integration into
    M AUR I TAN I A school and university curricula and into the train-
    NOUAKCHOTT
    NIGER ing programmes of the armed forces. National
    MALI
    SENEGAL Societies and the media in the region are essential
    CHAD
    GAMBIA
    GUINEA-
    BURKINA
    FASO
    SUDAN partners in this process
    BISSAU GUINEA BENIN
    NIGERIA
    SIERRA CÔTE TOGO
    LEONE D'IVOIRE
    LIBERIA GHANA
    CAMEROON

    EQUATORIAL GUINEA ICRC/AR_2005


    COVERING
    ICRC regional delegation Libya, Mauritania, Morocco/Western Sahara, Tunisia

    EXPENDITURE (IN CHF ,000)


    Protection 1,785
    Assistance -
    Prevention 869 CONTEXT
    Cooperation with National Societies 336
    General 4 The future status of the Western Sahara The Commission, which reported receiving
    remained unresolved more than 14 years after between 25,000 and 30,000 applications for
    2,995 a UN-brokered ceasefire ended the armed compensation, was to determine the form
    of which: Overheads 183 conflict between Morocco and the Polisario and amount of reparation the State was to
    IMPLEMENTATION RATE Front over control of the territory. In October, provide to each of the victims of proven
    Expenditure/yearly budget 103.4% the UN Security Council extended the man- human rights violations.
    date of its peace-keeping forces in the dis-
    PERSONNEL
    8 expatriates
    puted territory until 30 April 2006. Governments in the region faced growing
    13 national staff (daily workers not included) problems in controlling illegal immigra-
    The remaining 404 Moroccan prisoners tion, particularly from countries in sub-
    KEY POINTS held by the Polisario Front were released in Saharan Africa. Towards the end of the year,
    August and repatriated under ICRC aus- the Spanish enclaves of Ceuta and Melilla
    In 2005, the ICRC: pices, marking an important step towards on the north Moroccan coast were inun-
    started visits to places of detention in
    resolving the humanitarian consequences dated with immigrants seeking to enter
    Mauritania and Tunisia after signing access
    agreements with the authorities of the of the conflict in Western Sahara. Western European countries.
    two countries;
    visited Moroccan prisoners held by the According to the UN, an estimated Tunisia hosted the second phase of the UN
    Polisario Front to monitor their treatment 150,000 Saharawi refugees who fled the World Summit on the Information Society,
    and living conditions and to enable them Western Sahara as a result of the conflict which took place in Tunis in November.
    to maintain contact with their families; there continued to live in camps in the desert
    repatriated the remaining 404 Moroccan
    of south-western Algeria. In November, the
    prisoners held by the Polisario Front
    on 18 August 2005; UN renewed exchange visits between the
    acted as a neutral intermediary to help refugees and their family members in
    clarify the fate of people still unaccounted Laayoune, Western Sahara.
    for in relation to the Western Sahara conflict;
    re-established or maintained links between In Mauritania, former national security
    families in countries of the Maghreb and chief Ely Ould Mohamed Vall became head
    relatives detained or interned abroad;
    promoted the integration of IHL into
    of State following a military coup in August
    national legislation and into the training which deposed President Maaouyia Ould Taya.
    programmes of the armed forces in the The new leadership pledged to hold presi-
    region and the incorporation of its basic dential elections within two years.
    principles into school curricula.
    After nearly two years of investigations into
    alleged human rights violations commit-
    ted in Morocco between 1956 and 1999,
    Morocco’s State-appointed Equity and
    Reconciliation Commission submitted
    its final report and recommendations to
    King Mohamed VI at the end of 2005.

    334
    ICRC ANNUAL REPORT 2005

    MAIN FIGURES AND INDICATORS

    PEOPLE DEPRIVED OF THEIR FREEDOM (All categories/all statuses) 1


    Detainees visited 16,880
    Detainees visited and monitored individually 844
    Number of visits carried out 60
    Number of places of detention visited 45
    RESTORING FAMILY LINKS 2
    Red Cross messages (RCMs) and reunifications
    RCMs collected 364
    RCMs distributed 327
    Tracing requests, including cases of missing persons
    People for whom a tracing request was newly registered 14
    Tracing requests closed positively (persons located) 4
    Tracing requests still being handled at 31 December 2005 69

    1. Mauritania, Tunisia, and Western Sahara


    2. Not related to Western Sahara conflict

    ICRC ACTION CIVILIANS where armed conflict or other situations of


    violence made communication difficult.
    ICRC operations in the region were Tracing the missing
    expanded to cover visits to places of deten- Acting as a neutral intermediary, the ICRC The ICRC tracing and RCM services
    tion in Mauritania and Tunisia following worked with the Moroccan authorities and enabled families in the region to restore or
    agreements signed in the first part of the the Polisario Front to resolve the cases of maintain contact with relatives detained or
    year with the authorities of the two coun- combatants and civilians still unaccounted interned in Afghanistan, the Guantanamo
    tries. The first visits were carried out in for on both sides in relation to the 1975–91 Bay Naval Station and Iraq. The National
    Mauritania and Tunisia in May and June Western Sahara conflict. Societies in some of the countries con-
    respectively. cerned played a key role in the collection
    The ICRC continued to work on the basis and distribution of RCMs.
    Securing the release of Moroccan prisoners of lists of missing persons provided by the
    held by the Polisario Front in relation to the Moroccan authorities and the Polisario 364 RCMS collected and 327 distributed
    Western Sahara conflict, in accordance with Front. Two fact-finding missions were to and from families in countries of the
    IHL, had for long been an ICRC priority. carried out in the Rabouni region, where region and relatives detained/interned
    On 18 August, the 404 remaining Moroccan ICRC delegates met the families of missing abroad
    prisoners in the custody of the Polisario Saharawis to collect further information 14 new tracing requests registered,
    Front were released and repatriated under on these cases. The findings were submitted 4 cases were resolved and 69 tracing
    ICRC auspices. Their release followed medi- to the Moroccan authorities to assist the requests remained unresolved
    ation by the United States and marked an tracing process.
    important step in resolving the humani-
    tarian consequences of the Western Sahara In January, the Polisario Front informed the PEOPLE DEPRIVED
    conflict. ICRC that it had closed five cases of missing OF THEIR FREEDOM
    Saharawis. It also provided the ICRC with
    Acting as a neutral intermediary, the ICRC a list of 226 Saharawi civilians and 4 com- Western Sahara conflict
    worked with the Moroccan authorities and batants still unaccounted for, which was In January, the ICRC made its final visit to
    the Polisario Front to resolve the cases of handed over to the Moroccan authorities Moroccan prisoners held by the Polisario
    combatants and civilians from both sides for follow-up. The Moroccan authorities Front prior to their release in August and
    still missing in relation to the 1975–91 said that they had clarified the cases of repatriation under ICRC auspices. The ICRC
    Western Sahara conflict. The ICRC contin- 25 members of the Moroccan armed forces had been visiting the prisoners twice a year
    ued to conduct this work on the basis of previously listed as unaccounted for and since 1994 to monitor their treatment and
    lists of missing persons provided by the also provided the ICRC with information living conditions and to enable them to
    Moroccan authorities and the Polisario on 7 Saharawi cases submitted to them by maintain contact with their families via the
    Front. the ICRC in May. RCM network. All of the prisoners had been
    held for between 15 and 20 years or more.
    Another priority for the ICRC was to accel- 33 tracing requests related to the
    erate the integration of IHL into national Western Sahara conflict were resolved The ICRC tracing and RCM services
    legislation, military teaching and training and 704 cases remained unresolved enabled Moroccan prisoners held by the
    programmes and academic curricula in Polisario Front and their families to remain
    countries of the region. Restoring family links in contact until their final release in August.
    Families in North Africa continued to
    require assistance to locate and restore 410 Moroccan prisoners visited, including
    contact with close relatives detained or 408 monitored individually, during
    interned abroad or present in countries 11 visits (in 10 places of detention)

    335
    MIDDLE EAST AND NORTH AFRICA TUNIS

    331 RCMs collected from and In December, the Tunisian authorities RED CROSS AND
    124 distributed to the prisoners announced the creation of a national IHL RED CRESCENT MOVEMENT
    406 Moroccan prisoners repatriated committee.
    after their release ICRC efforts focused essentially on helping
    National Societies in the region to develop
    Mauritania ARMED FORCES AND OTHER their capacities to carry out tracing activi-
    The agreement on ICRC access to places of BEARERS OF WEAPONS ties and promote IHL and the Fundamental
    detention concluded with the authorities Principles. The ICRC also sought to gain
    in Mauritania on 27 March was upheld by The ICRC continued to promote the inclu- deeper insight into the challenges currently
    the ruling military council which came to sion of IHL in the training programmes of confronting them.
    power in August. Visits were conducted to the armed forces in countries of the region
    prisons in Nouakchott, Kaedi, Aleg, and the development of appropriate Training sessions on restoring family links
    Nouadhibou and Rosso. The ICRC also car- teaching aids. were organized for 81 members of the
    ried out preventive activities in Nouakchott’s Moroccan Red Crescent branch network.
    three prisons in close cooperation with Senior military defence officials from In Mauritania, the ICRC conducted four
    Mauritanian Red Crescent volunteers after Tunisia, Morocco, Libya and Mauritania seminars on IHL and the Fundamental
    a cholera epidemic was reported in some participated in a regional seminar held in Principles for more than 100 Mauritanian
    areas of the city. In addition, it supported Cairo on the dissemination of IHL for the Red Crescent volunteers from branches
    long-term efforts by the Mauritanian armed forces of the Arab world (see Egypt). nationwide. In Tunisia, the ICRC held a
    authorities concerned to restructure the workshop in Bizerte on IHL and the
    country’s penitentiary system. In Tunisia, the ICRC continued to press for Fundamental Principles for 40 volunteers
    the military authorities to issue a formal from around the country.
    461 detainees visited, including order to incorporate IHL teaching into the
    95 monitored individually, during theoretical and practical training pro- In addition, the ICRC co-facilitated a sem-
    16 visits made to 7 places of detention grammes at all levels of the armed forces. inar on IHL organized in Mauritania by the
    in Mauritania The subject was discussed during a meeting General Secretariat of the Organization of
    with the Minister of Defence in October. Arab Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies
    Tunisia based in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, in which
    Detention visits in Tunisia started in early more than 20 senior representatives from
    June in accordance with an agreement CIVIL SOCIETY Red Crescent Societies in the Maghreb
    concluded with the Tunisian authorities on participated.
    26 April. By the end of 2005, the ICRC had The ICRC continued to provide training,
    visited the nine largest prisons in Tunisia, technical and financial support for the
    two of them twice, holding more than half introduction and/or extension of its
    of Tunisia’s total prison population. It had Exploring Humanitarian Law (EHL) pro-
    also visited 19 places of detention under the gramme in secondary school education in
    authority of the Ministry of the Interior. the region. By the end of the year, the pro-
    gramme had been introduced in schools
    16,009 detainees visited, including in Mauritania, Morocco and Tunisia. In
    341 monitored individually, during Morocco, elements of the EHL modules
    33 visits made to 28 places of detention were included in new textbooks for litera-
    in Tunisia ture, Arabic and English courses. The
    extension of the programme to Libya was
    discussed with the national educational
    AUTHORITIES authorities concerned.

    The ICRC remained active in the region to The ICRC kept the media and other key
    promote the incorporation of IHL into segments of civil society in the region
    national legislation and maintained its informed on its activities in the region and
    support for implementation bodies set up worldwide.
    by the national authorities for this purpose.
    Two Moroccan journalists were invited to
    In July, the Libyan authorities and the ICRC participate in a regional media workshop
    organized a first seminar in Libya on the on IHL organized by the ICRC in Cairo
    implementation of IHL attended by Libyan (see Egypt).
    legal experts from various ministries and
    representatives of the Libyan Red Crescent.

    Members of the Moroccan IHL committee


    and Moroccan judges participated in a
    course on IHL organized jointly by the
    Moroccan Ministry of Justice and the ICRC.
    It was followed by a second course on the
    subject for judges only.

    336
    MAIN FIGURES
    AND INDICATORS
    PROTECTION FIGURES AND INDICATORS

    PROTECTION FIGURES AND INDICATORS


    WORLD AFRICA ASIA & EUROPE & MIDDLE EAST &
    THE PACIFIC THE AMERICAS NORTH AFRICA

    PEOPLE DEPRIVED OF THEIR FREEDOM

    All categories/all statuses

    Detainees visited 528,611 219,863 200,907 40,606 67,235


    Detainees visited and monitored individually 46,288 8,695 13,000 7,768 16,825
    Detainees newly registered in 2005 25,831 4,497 6,748 3,461 11,125
    Detainees released 34,215 7,721 6,210 2,114 18,170
    Number of visits carried out 5,956 2,277 1,511 1,269 899
    Number of places of detention visited 2,594 1,017 736 590 251
    Number of detainees who benefited from the ICRC’s family-visits programme 13,982 940 1,524 2,304 9,214

    Women

    Women detainees visited and monitored individually 1,429 211 567 433 218
    Women detainees newly registered in 2005 818 144 305 258 111
    Women detainees released 730 214 228 182 106
    Number of women detainees who benefited from the ICRC’s family-visits programme 295 29 33 73 160

    Minors

    Detained minors visited and monitored individually 2,240 528 894 7 811
    Detained minors newly registered in 2005 1,889 480 717 6 686
    Detained minors released 2,105 1,095 214 11 785
    Number of detained minors who benefited from the ICRC’s family-visits programme 488 - 92 1 395

    International armed conflicts (Third Geneva Convention)

    Prisoners of war (POWs) visited 788 29 - 326 433


    POWs newly registered in 2005 3 - - 3 -
    POWs released 462 - - 43 419
    of whom repatriated by/via the ICRC 409 - - 1 408
    Number of visits carried out 44 5 - 21 18
    Number of places visited 17 1 - 3 13

    International armed conflicts (Fourth Geneva Convention)

    Civilian internees (CIs) and others visited 8,128 29 - - 8,099


    CIs and others newly registered in 2005 4,211 - - - 4,211
    CIs and others released 7,838 7 - - 7,831
    of whom repatriated or transferred by/via the ICRC 4 3 - - 1
    Number of visits carried out 362 9 - - 353
    Number of places visited 47 2 - - 45

    RESTORING FAMILY LINKS

    Red Cross messages (RCMs)

    RCMs collected 505,748 427,075 24,150 8,873 45,650


    of which from detainees 60,238 20,190 12,343 5,425 22,280
    of which from unaccompanied minors/separated children 5,814 5,505 305 - 4
    of which from civilians 439,696 401,380 11,502 3,448 23,366
    RCMs distributed 453,727 381,462 23,735 7,021 41,509
    of which to detainees 48,790 15,243 9,660 3,374 20,513
    of which to unaccompanied minors/separated children 3,784 3,780 1 - 3
    of which to civilians 401,153 362,439 14,074 3,647 20,993
    RCMs not distributed (back to sender) 45,393 41,199 2,200 295 1,699

    Other means of family contact

    Telephone calls made to relatives (by satellite or cellular phone) 6,780 38 2,638 191 3,913
    Names published in the media 54,122 27,658 26,463 1 -
    Names published on the ICRC website 337,862 39,040 47,768 241,851 9,203

    340
    ICRC ANNUAL REPORT 2005

    WORLD AFRICA ASIA & EUROPE & MIDDLE EAST &


    THE PACIFIC THE AMERICAS NORTH AFRICA

    Reunification, transfers and repatriations

    People reunited with their families 1,650 1,616 24 7 3


    Civilians transferred 3,244 14 1 1 3,228
    Human remains transferred 101 - 1 - 100
    Civilians repatriated 1,081 1,030 - - 51
    Human remains repatriated 11 - - - 11

    Tracing requests

    People for whom a tracing request was newly registered 12,490 8,174 1,794 1,640 882
    who were women 3,687 3,145 346 161 35
    who were minors at the time of disappearance 2,859 2,492 250 74 43
    Tracing requests closed positively (person located) 6,381 2,729 1,160 2,170 322
    Tracing requests closed negatively (person not located) 4,573 3,250 407 708 208
    Tracing requests still being handled at 31 December 2005 69,301 29,134 10,148 25,584 4,435
    of which for women 13,010 9,325 908 2,612 165
    of which for minors at the time of disappearance 7,719 4,788 1,398 1,277 256

    Missing persons 1

    Cases of missing persons newly opened 1,707 - 2 1,469 236


    who were women 130 - 1 129 -
    who were minors when reported missing 57 - - 57 -
    Cases of missing persons closed positively 2,123 - 2 2,049 72
    Cases of missing persons closed negatively 589 - - 589 -
    Cases of missing persons still being handled at 31 December 2005 36,337 115 8,595 25,453 2,174
    of whom women 3,261 - 646 2,577 38
    of whom minors at the time of disappearance 2,471 - 1,138 1,263 70

    Unaccompanied minors (UAMs) and separated children (SCs)

    UAMs/SCs newly registered 3,594 3,366 228 - -


    by the ICRC 3,568 3,349 219 - -
    UAMs/SCs reunited with their families 2,547 2,433 111 1 2
    by the ICRC 1,605 1,575 27 1 2
    UAMs/SCs cases still being handled at 31 December 2005 6,144 5,983 157 - 4

    Unaccompanied demobilized child soldiers 2

    Demobilized child soldiers newly registered 893 863 30 - -


    by the ICRC 873 852 21 - -
    Demobilized child soldiers reunited with their families 713 707 6 - -
    by the ICRC 510 509 1 - -
    Cases of demobilized child soldiers still being handled at 31 December 2005 508 440 68 - -

    DOCUMENTS ISSUED

    People to whom travel documents were issued 6,785 661 422 233 5,469
    People to whom a detention attestation was issued 28,159 1,742 317 432 25,668
    Other attestations issued 953 33 44 595 281
    Documents transmitted/transferred 2,988 157 5 45 2,781

    PERSONS SOLICITING ICRC OFFICES IN THE FIELD

    People who visited or telephoned ICRC offices 932,465 126,905 23,137 23,806 758,617

    1. Figures for missing persons are included in the figures for tracing requests above.
    2. Figures for unaccompanied demobilized child soldiers are included in the figures for unaccompanied minors and separated children above.

    341
    PROTECTION FIGURES AND INDICATORS

    PROTECTION FIGURES AND Number of visits carried out


    INDICATORS – EXPLANATIONS Number of visits to POWs carried out during the period under
    consideration.

    Number of places visited


    PEOPLE DEPRIVED OF THEIR FREEDOM Number of places holding or having held POWs visited during
    the period under consideration.

    PEOPLE DEPRIVED OF THEIR FREEDOM


    INTERNATIONAL ARMED CONFLICT
    Detainees visited (FOURTH GENEVA CONVENTION)
    Number of detainees visited, whether monitored individually
    or otherwise, during the period under consideration. It includes Civilian internees (CIs) and others visited
    detainees seen and registered for the first time, and those regis- Number of CIs and other persons protected by the Fourth Geneva
    tered previously and visited again, and groups having received aid Convention who were visited and monitored individually during
    collectively without being registered individually. the period under consideration.

    Detainees visited and monitored individually CIs and others newly registered in 2005
    Number of detainees visited and monitored individually, i.e. those Number of CIs and other persons protected by the Fourth Geneva
    seen for the first time and registered and those registered previ- Convention who were visited for the first time since the start of
    ously and visited again during the period under consideration. their internment and monitored individually during the period
    under consideration.
    Detainees newly registered in 2005
    Number of detainees visited for the first time since their arrest CIs and others released
    and registered during the period under consideration. Number of CIs and other persons protected by the Fourth Geneva
    Convention who were released, as per information received from
    Detainees released various sources, including those transferred or repatriated by the
    Number of detainees released, as per information received from ICRC upon release, during the period under consideration.
    various sources, including those transferred or repatriated by the
    ICRC upon release, during the period under consideration. Number of visits carried out
    Number of visits carried out to places holding or having held CIs
    Number of visits carried out and other persons protected by the Fourth Geneva Convention
    Number of visits made, including those to places found empty during the period under consideration.
    when visited, during the period under consideration.
    Number of places visited
    Number of places of detention visited Number of places holding or having held CIs and other persons
    Number of places of detention visited, including places that were protected by the Fourth Geneva Convention visited during the
    found empty when visited, during the period under consideration. period under consideration.

    Number of detainees benefiting from the ICRC’s family-


    visits programme
    Number of detainees who were visited by a relative via an ICRC- RESTORING FAMILY LINKS
    organized or -financed visit during the period under consideration.

    RED CROSS MESSAGES (RCMS)


    INTERNATIONAL ARMED CONFLICT
    (THIRD GENEVA CONVENTION) RCMs collected
    Number of RCMs collected, regardless of the destination of the
    Prisoners of war (POWs) visited RCM, during the period under consideration.
    Number of POWs visited and monitored individually during the
    period under consideration. RCMs distributed
    Number of RCMs distributed, regardless of the origin of the RCM,
    POWs newly registered in 2005 during the period under consideration.
    Number of POWs visited for the first time since capture, and
    monitored individually during the period under consideration. RCMs not distributed and sent back to sender
    Number of RCMs which were impossible to distribute – either
    POWs released during 2005 because the addressee could not be located or because the addressee
    Number of POWs released during the period under consideration. refused to accept the RCM (for whatever reason) – and sent back
    to sender during the period under consideration.
    POWs repatriated by/via the ICRC
    Number of POWs released and repatriated by the ICRC during
    the period under consideration.

    342
    ICRC ANNUAL REPORT 2005

    REUNIFICATION, TRANSFERS AND REPATRIATION UNACCOMPANIED MINORS (UAMs) 3/SEPARATED


    CHILDREN (SCs) 4/DEMOBILIZED CHILD SOLDIERS
    People reunited with their families
    Number of people reunited with their families under the auspices UAMs/SCs/demobilized child soldiers newly registered
    of the ICRC during the period under consideration. Number of UAMs/SCs/demobilized child soldiers registered by
    the ICRC or by another organization and the data of whom are
    Civilians transferred/human remains transferred centralized by the ICRC during the period under consideration.
    Number of civilians, not counting those in a context of detention,
    or human remains transferred by the ICRC during the period UAMs/SCs/demobilized child soldiers reunited with
    under consideration. their family
    Number of UAMs/SCs/demobilized child soldiers reunited with
    Civilians repatriated/human remains repatriated their families by the ICRC or by another organization during
    Number of civilians, not counting those in a context of detention, the period under consideration.
    or human remains repatriated by the ICRC during the period
    under consideration. Cases of UAMs/SCs/demobilized child soldiers still
    being handled at 31 December
    Number of UAMs/SCs/demobilized child soldiers whose cases
    TRACING REQUESTS 1 were opened but who have not yet been reunited by the ICRC or
    by another organization during the period under consideration
    People for whom a tracing request has been newly registered – 31 December; these include cases concerning either children
    Number of people for whom a tracing request was initiated dur- whose parents are being sought or children whose parents have been
    ing the period under consideration – e.g. because there has been found but with whom they have not yet been reunited.
    no news of them, they were not located by RCM, they were being
    sought by their families, or they were presumed to have been
    arrested and/or detained – and for whom the ICRC is going to
    take steps to locate or clarify their fate. DOCUMENTS ISSUED

    Tracing requests closed positively People to whom travel documents were issued
    Number of people for whom a tracing request had been initiated Number of beneficiaries of travel documents issued by the ICRC
    and who were located or whose fate was established during the during the period under consideration.
    period under consideration (closed positively).
    People to whom a detention attestation was issued
    Tracing request closed negatively Number of people who received a certificate testifying to their
    Number of people for whom a tracing request had been initiated detention according to ICRC records of visits, during the period
    and who were not located or whose fate was not established dur- under consideration.
    ing the period under consideration and for whom the ICRC has
    exhausted its tracing possibilities (closed negatively). Other attestations issued
    Number of attestations – not related to detention – issued during
    Tracing requests still being handled at 31 December the period under consideration.
    Number of tracing requests still open and pending at the end of
    the period under consideration – 31 December. Documents transmitted/transferred
    Number of documents – e.g. passport, power of attorney, death
    certificate, birth certificate, marriage certificate, and ICRC certifi-
    MISSING PERSONS 2 cates such as house destruction certificates, tracing requests (other
    than detention certificates) – forwarded or transmitted during the
    Cases of missing persons newly opened period under consideration.
    Number of people for whom a missing person file was opened
    during the period under consideration.

    Cases of missing persons closed positively PEOPLE SOLICITING ICRC OFFICES IN THE FIELD
    Number of people whose case has been resolved (closed positively),
    i.e. people who have been located or confirmed deceased, during People who visited or telephoned ICRC offices
    the period under consideration. Number of people who contacted an ICRC office in the field, either
    in person or by telephone, during the period under consideration.
    Cases of missing persons closed negatively
    Number of people whose cases have not been resolved, and for 1. All cases of people whose fate is not known either to their families or the ICRC and
    whom the ICRC has decided not to pursue enquiries (closed for whom the ICRC is going to undertake some kind of action to clarify their fate or
    negatively), during the period under consideration. to confirm their alleged fate; these can include allegations of arrest and co-detention,
    and tracing requests collected following unsuccessful attempts to restore family
    links by other means.
    Cases of missing persons still being handled 2. Figures for missing persons are included in the figures for tracing requests.
    at 31 December 3. Child under 18 or under legal age of majority separated from both parents and
    Number of people whose cases are still open (pending) at the end from all other relatives and not being cared for by an adult who, by law or custom,
    is responsible for doing so.
    of the period under consideration – 31 December.
    4. Child under 18 or under legal age of majority who is separated from both parents or
    from his/her previous legal caregiver but accompanied by another adult relative.

    343
    ASSISTANCE FIGURES AND INDICATORS

    ASSISTANCE FIGURES AND INDICATORS


    WORLD AFRICA ASIA & EUROPE & MIDDLE EAST &
    THE PACIFIC THE AMERICAS NORTH AFRICA

    ECONOMIC SECURITY (Number of beneficiaries)

    Civilians (residents, returnees, etc.)

    Essential household items 1,138,837 625,535 399,239 68,843 45,220


    Food 692,424 360,469 218,949 65,634 47,372
    Agricultural and veterinary inputs and micro-economic initiatives 1,680,328 1,647,106 16,039 6,977 10,206

    Internally displaced people

    Essential household items 1,624,162 1,102,033 396,067 126,032 30


    Food 351,537 138,206 92,926 120,405 -
    Agricultural and veterinary inputs and micro-economic initiatives 959,028 802,984 142,551 13,493 -

    Detainees

    Essential household items 107,821 100,538 6,029 1,254 -


    Food 61,993 61,993 - - -
    Agricultural and veterinary inputs and micro-economic initiatives 3,117 3,117 - - -

    Total of all target populations

    Essential household items 2,870,820 1,828,106 801,335 196,129 45,250


    Food 1,105,954 560,668 311,875 186,039 47,372
    Agricultural and veterinary inputs and micro-economic initiatives 2,642,473 2,453,207 158,590 20,470 10,206

    WATER AND HABITAT (Number of beneficiaries)

    Completed projects

    Civilians (residents, returnees, etc.)

    Water-supply schemes and sanitation systems 6,597,838 5,315,005 414,816 382,557 485,460
    Habitat structures 65,217 5,850 43,684 15,683 -

    Internally displaced people

    Water-supply schemes and sanitation systems 465,954 446,435 5,300 10,219 4,000
    Habitat structures 26,507 26,100 - 407 -

    Detainees

    Water-supply schemes and sanitation systems 151,531 122,047 14,154 15,330 -


    Habitat structures 35,180 31,535 2,695 950 -

    Wounded and sick (number of beds)

    Water-supply schemes and sanitation systems 4,560 448 893 645 2,574
    Habitat structures 2,862 302 1,495 462 603

    Total of completed projects for all target populations

    Water-supply schemes and sanitation systems 7,215,323 5,883,487 434,270 408,106 489,460
    Habitat structures 126,904 63,485 46,379 17,040 -
    Water-supply schemes and sanitation systems (number of beds) 4,560 448 893 645 2,574
    Habitat structures (number of beds) 2,862 302 1,495 462 603

    Ongoing projects for all target populations

    Water-supply schemes and sanitation systems 4,002,176 2,677,564 394,514 716,398 213,700
    Habitat structures 206,452 98,945 13,000 94,507 -

    344
    ICRC ANNUAL REPORT 2005

    WORLD AFRICA ASIA & EUROPE & MIDDLE EAST &


    THE PACIFIC THE AMERICAS NORTH AFRICA

    COMMUNITY HEALTH (Number of beneficiaries) 1

    Health centres supported

    Monthly average of health centres supported 91 50 25 16 -


    Number of health centres supported 179 64 41 74 -
    Estimated population covered by these health centres (monthly average) 773,183 553,282 126,860 93,041 -

    Activities

    Number of ante and post-natal consultations

    Age <15 236 188 - 48 -


    Age >15 31,627 29,442 1,966 219 -

    Number of immunization activities

    Age 0–5 292,954 285,394 4,959 2,601 -


    Age 5–15 15,855 14,282 1,023 550 -
    Age >15 108,172 71,933 34,252 1,987 -

    Number of polio immunizations

    Age 0–5 273,165 270,697 1,646 822 -


    Age 5–15 1,776 1,523 134 119 -
    Age >15 43,380 12,765 30,615 - -

    Number of curative consultations

    Age 0–5 77,372 70,949 4,652 1,771 -


    Age 5–15 63,091 49,698 11,101 2,292 -
    Age >15 421,114 344,000 70,165 6,949 -

    Number of cases referred from first- to second-line health facilities

    Age 0–5 269 234 29 6 -


    Age 5–15 216 128 43 45 -
    Age >15 2,732 1,238 1,358 136 -

    1. Iraq – health structures supported in 2005 are not included in the table: the majority of health structures are supported through the Department of Health and the number
    of beneficiaries is difficult to estimate. The total value of the assistance provided via the Department of Health was CHF 620,973 in 2005.

    Israel, the Occupied and the Autonomous Palestinian Territories – support in the form of financial assistance to the Magen David Adom (support for the Emergency Medical
    Service and the Blood Transfusion Service) and to the Palestine Red Crescent Society (support for Emergency Medical Technicians and the ambulance fleet) is not included in
    the table. The total value of the assistance to the Magen David Adom was CHF 451,553 and to Palestine Red Crescent Society was CHF 380,146 in 2005.

    345
    ASSISTANCE FIGURES AND INDICATORS

    WORLD AFRICA ASIA & EUROPE & MIDDLE EAST &


    THE PACIFIC THE AMERICAS NORTH AFRICA

    HOSPITAL SUPPORT 1

    Hospitals supported

    Monthly average of hospitals supported 51 21 15 15 -


    Number of hospitals supported 99 28 34 18 19

    Activities

    Surgical

    Number of weapon-wounded admitted 6,358 2,899 2,764 695 -


    Number of mine victims admitted 376 19 265 92 -
    Number of surgical cases, non-weapon-wounded, admitted 77,432 20,729 30,189 26,514 -
    Number of operations performed 76,834 29,465 21,332 26,037 -

    Medical

    Number of medical patients admitted 74,523 44,208 6,263 24,052 -

    Gynaecological/obstetric

    Number of gynaecological/obstetric patients admitted 54,654 25,020 3,355 26,279 -

    Outpatients

    Number of outpatients treated 740,083 485,930 252,828 1,325 -

    Paediatric

    Number of paediatric patients admitted 83,258 57,959 9,129 16,170 -

    First-aid posts

    Total number of first-aid posts supported 15 10 3 2 -

    1. Iraq – health structures supported in 2005 are not included in the table: the majority of health structures are supported through the Department of Health and the number
    of beneficiaries is difficult to estimate. The total value of the assistance provided via the Department of Health was CHF 620,973 in 2005.

    Israel, the Occupied and the Autonomous Palestinian Territories – support in the form of financial assistance to the Magen David Adom (support for the Emergency Medical
    Service and the Blood Transfusion Service) and to the Palestine Red Crescent Society (support for Emergency Medical Technicians and the ambulance fleet) is not included in
    the table. The total value of the assistance to the Magen David Adom was CHF 451,553 and to Palestine Red Crescent Society was CHF 380,146 in 2005.

    346
    ICRC ANNUAL REPORT 2005

    WORLD AFRICA ASIA & EUROPE & MIDDLE EAST &


    THE PACIFIC THE AMERICAS NORTH AFRICA

    PHYSICAL REHABILITATION

    Activities

    Number of patients receiving services at a centre 137,931 22,341 72,176 11,310 32,104
    Number of amputees receiving services at a centre 53,946 8,653 27,067 6,407 11,819
    Number of new patients fitted with prostheses (new to the ICRC) 9,096 2,432 4,362 444 1,858
    Total number of prostheses delivered 20,559 5,097 10,404 1,859 3,199
    Number of prostheses delivered to mine victims 10,542 2,218 6,862 396 1,066
    Number of non-amputees receiving services at a centre 83,969 13,688 45,093 4,903 20,285
    Number of new patients fitted with orthoses (new to the ICRC) 14,622 2,714 6,013 790 5,105
    Total number of orthoses delivered 25,877 4,282 11,553 3,105 6,937
    Number of orthoses delivered to mine victims 400 126 121 21 132
    Crutches and sticks delivered (pieces) 38,891 14,698 18,136 4,974 1,083
    Wheelchairs delivered 1,979 190 1,567 215 7

    Components delivered to non-ICRC projects

    Artificial knees 1,031 - 1,031 - -


    Alignment systems 4,631 1,365 3,266 - -
    Orthotic knee joints (pairs) 1,233 116 1,117 - -

    ASSISTANCE FIGURES AND Agricultural and veterinary inputs and micro-economic


    INDICATORS – EXPLANATIONS initiatives
    Per population group, number of beneficiaries who have been
    assisted with one or more agricultural/veterinary input
    (e.g. fertilizers, animal vaccines, seeds, tools), micro-economic
    ECONOMIC SECURITY PROGRAMMES project (e.g. carpentry, welding, food processing, trade) or cash
    over the course of the year.
    Beneficiaries
    One beneficiary = one person who has been assisted at least once N.B. Figures for food, essential household items and agricultural/
    over the course of the year. A person who has been assisted several veterinary and micro-economic initiatives cannot be cumulated as
    times is counted only once. some groups benefited from two or three types of aid.

    Civilians (residents, returnees, etc.)


    This population group includes residents and returnees, as well
    as internally displaced people who cannot be clearly identified as WATER AND HABITAT PROGRAMMES
    such, for example, those living with friends or relatives.
    Beneficiaries
    In general these are people living in rural areas and/or areas One beneficiary = one person who has been assisted at least once
    which are difficult to reach owing to insecurity and/or lack of over the course of the year. A person who has been assisted several
    infrastructure. times is counted only once.

    Internally displaced people Beneficiaries are counted separately for projects completed during
    This population group includes only internally displaced people the course of the year and for ongoing projects.
    clearly identified as such, for example, those staying in camps.
    For recurrent projects like water trucking or regular supply of mate-
    Essential household items rial (chlorine, spare parts, etc.), beneficiaries are counted only once.
    Per population group, number of beneficiaries who have been
    assisted with one or more essential household commodity over Given the close link between water-supply schemes and sanitation
    the course of the year. The main commodities distributed in 2005 system projects, it is not possible to differentiate between beneficiaries.
    were tarpaulins, blankets, kitchen sets, hygiene kits, soap, jerrycans
    and mosquito nets. The figures shown under “Wounded and sick” represent the number
    of beds in the structures supported.
    Food
    Per population group, number of beneficiaries who have been Civilians (residents, returnees, etc.)
    assisted with one or more food commodity over the course of the This population group includes residents and returnees, as well as
    year. The main commodities distributed in 2005 were rice, wheat internally displaced people who cannot be clearly identified as
    flour, maize, beans and oil. such, for example, those living with friends or relatives.

    347
    ASSISTANCE FIGURES AND INDICATORS

    In general these are people living in rural areas and/or areas HOSPITAL SUPPORT – WOUNDED AND SICK
    which are difficult to reach owing to insecurity and/or lack of
    infrastructure. Monthly average of hospitals supported
    Average number of second-line health services supported per month
    Internally displaced people during the year.
    This population group includes only internally displaced people
    clearly identified as such, for example, those staying in camps. Number of hospitals supported
    Total number of hospitals regularly supported in 2005.
    Detainees
    The figures shown represent the total capacity of the structures Activities
    supported. Patients admitted: beneficiaries are registered according to the
    service they received (surgical, medical, gynaecological/obstetric,
    Wounded and sick paediatric).
    The figures shown represent the number of beds in the structures
    supported. Outpatients treated: total number of outpatients without distinc-
    tion of diagnosis.
    Water-supply schemes for all population groups
    This comprises the following types of projects: wells, boreholes, Number of mine victims admitted
    springs, dams and water-treatment plants, built or repaired. Included in the total number of weapon-wounded admitted.

    Sanitation systems for all population groups Number of operations performed


    This comprises the following types of projects: latrines, septic Number of operations performed on weapon-wounded and non-
    tanks and sewage plants, built or repaired, as well as vector- weapon-wounded.
    control activities.

    Habitat structures for civilians and internally displaced people


    This comprises the following types of projects: temporary settle- PHYSICAL REHABILITATION PROGRAMMES
    ments (shelters), site planning and support for house rehabilitation.
    Number of patients receiving services at the centre
    Habitat structures for detainees Includes all patients, amputees and non-amputees, who received
    This comprises the following types of projects: prisons or detention services at a centre during the year – new and former patients who
    centres rehabilitated, especially kitchen facilities. came for new devices, repairs, physiotherapy, etc.

    Habitat structures for wounded and sick Number of amputees receiving services at the centre
    This comprises the following types of projects: hospitals, health Includes all amputees who received services at a centre during the
    centres and physical rehabilitation centres, built or repaired. year – new and former amputee patients who came for new
    devices, repairs (prostheses, wheelchairs, walking aids) or for
    physiotherapy.

    HEALTH SERVICES Number of new patients fitted with prostheses (new to ICRC)
    Includes all new patients who received prostheses within the year
    – first-time fitted and patients who had previously received pros-
    COMMUNITY HEALTH/BASIC HEALTH CARE – theses from a centre not assisted by the ICRC.
    RESIDENTS AND DISPLACED PERSONS
    Total number of prostheses delivered
    Monthly average of health centres supported This figure represents the total number of prostheses delivered
    Average number of first-line health services supported per month within the year.
    during the year.
    Number of prostheses delivered to mine victims
    Number of health centres supported This figure represents the total number of prostheses delivered
    Total number of health centres regularly supported in 2005. specifically for victims of mines and other explosive remnants of
    war (ERW) during the year.
    Activities
    Beneficiaries are registered according to the service they received Number of non-amputees receiving services at the centre
    (ante and post-natal consultation, immunization, curative Includes all non-amputees who received services at a centre dur-
    consultation). ing the year – new and former non-amputee patients who came
    for new devices, repairs (orthoses, wheelchairs, walking aids) or
    Number of immunization activities physiotherapy.
    Number of doses delivered during the year.
    Number of new patients fitted with orthoses (new to ICRC)
    Number of polio immunizations Includes all new patients who received orthoses within the year
    Included in total number of immunization activities. – first-time fitted and patients who had previously received
    orthoses from a centre not assisted by the ICRC.

    348
    ICRC ANNUAL REPORT 2005

    Total number of orthoses delivered


    This figure represents the total number of orthoses delivered
    within the year.

    Number of orthoses delivered to mine victims


    This figure represents the total number of orthoses delivered
    specifically for mine and ERW victims during the year.

    Crutches and sticks delivered (pieces)


    This figure represents the total number of crutches and sticks (by
    piece, not by pairs) delivered within the year.

    Wheelchairs delivered
    This figure represents the total number of wheelchairs delivered
    during the year.

    Components delivered to non-ICRC projects


    Exclusively for Cambodia and Afghanistan where the ICRC
    continues to manufacture components that are given to other
    organizations.

    Male
    Includes males aged 15 and older.

    Female
    Includes females aged 15 and older.

    Child
    Includes both males and females aged 14 and younger.

    349
    FINANCE
    year 2005
    the financial
    The year 2005 was marked by the two natural disasters that occurred This was largely due to careful management of the headcount at
    in late 2004 (the tsunami that struck coastal areas in South and headquarters.
    South-East Asia) and early October 2005 (the earthquake in
    Pakistan). The operational capacity of the ICRC was stretched in
    meeting the immense and unexpected humanitarian needs created STATEMENT OF INCOME AND EXPENDITURE
    by those two quakes. At the same time, the ICRC maintained its
    humanitarian response in other conflict-affected areas such as After consolidation of the operational results of field and head-
    Darfur (Sudan), Afghanistan, Israel and the Occupied and quarters financial structures, those of the Omar El Muktar and
    Autonomous Palestinian Territories, the northern Caucasus and Clare R. Benedict funds, and the Foundation for the International
    Liberia. This was only possible thanks to the considerable finan- Committee of the Red Cross, there is an overall surplus of
    cial support of donors and the general public. CHF 48.9 million, compared with a deficit of CHF 24.4 million in
    2004. To that figure a net surplus of CHF 23.9 million, compared
    with CHF 9 million in 2004, arising from non-operational results,
    EMERGENCY APPEALS must be added, making a surplus of CHF 72.8 million before move-
    ment on reserves. The net result of each field operation is restricted
    The initial budget of CHF 780.6 million increased by CHF 108.8 million to that operation either as a temporary deficit or as donor-
    (14%) as a result of the budget extensions relating to the two quakes. restricted (earmarked) contributions. They are therefore not avail-
    Given that in 2004 budget extensions represented 5% of the initial able for the unrestricted reserves. The temporary deficits of oper-
    budget, the increase in 2005 indicates the magnitude of the ICRC’s ations increased by CHF 29.5 million to reach CHF 39.0 million,
    response. Taking into account the impact of the quakes on indi- compared with CHF 9.5 million in 2004. Donor-restricted (ear-
    vidual countries, the initial emergency appeal increased four-fold for marked) contributions to operations increased by CHF 53.9 million
    Indonesia, three-fold for Sri Lanka and eleven-fold for Pakistan. to reach CHF 61.9 million, compared with CHF 8.1 million the
    previous year. Although 2005 was a favourable year financially,
    Total field expenditure amounted to CHF 811.1 million, compared this increase in deficit, along with restricted (earmarked) contri-
    with CHF 675.9 million for 2004, representing a 91% implemen- butions, is a matter of concern for the management since it poses
    tation rate. As a proportion of the total expenditure, the main some risks for the organization’s operational response capacity.
    operations were those in Sudan (CHF 129.7 million, 16%), Pakistan
    (CHF 59.7 million, 7.4%), Afghanistan (CHF 40.4 million, 5.0%),
    Israel (CHF 37.7 million, 4.7%), Indonesia (CHF 36.8 million, BALANCE SHEET
    4.5%), Moscow (CHF 30.7, million 3.8%), Liberia (CHF 30.1 million,
    3.7%), the Democratic Republic of the Congo (CHF 29.6 million, Increased operations throughout 2005, and especially those in
    3.7%) and Sri Lanka (CHF 27.6 million, 3.4%). Contributions to response to the Pakistan earthquake at the end of the year, had a
    the field budget reached CHF 832.6 million. A breakdown of con- significant impact on the balance sheet, which shows an increase of
    tributions by donor category shows an exceptional response from CHF 147.5 million, compared with a decrease of CHF 20.4 million
    National Societies, which tripled their financial commitments, as in 2004. The explanation is mainly to be found in the current
    well as from governments and private donors. assets increase of CHF 142 million, where pledged contributions
    and cash and cash equivalents are the main positions.

    HEADQUARTERS APPEAL With regard to liabilities, the main changes are with the accrued
    expenses and deferred incomes, as well as accounts payable and
    Despite increased resources being drawn from headquarters to sup- the funding of field operations. Unrestricted reserves increased
    port the ICRC’s field operations, headquarters expenditure remained by CHF 45.9 million to enable the ICRC to meet its future risks
    below the budgeted CHF 152.0 million, at CHF 147.6 million. and commitments.
    352
    consolidated
    financial
    of the ICRC
    statements
    2005
    1. Consolidated Balance Sheet
    2. Consolidated Statement of Income and Expenditure
    3. Consolidated Cash Flow Statement
    4. Consolidated Statement of Changes in Reserves
    5. Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
    5.1 Activities 5.3 Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
    5.2 Significant Accounting Policies 1. Cash and cash equivalents
    1. Statement of compliance 2. Securities
    2. Basis of preparation 3. Accounts receivable and prepayments
    3. Basis of consolidation 4. Inventories
    4. Foreign currency transactions 5. Property, equipment and intangibles
    5. Fair value 6. Other assets
    6. Derivative financial instruments 7. Accounts payable
    7. Cash and cash equivalents 8. Financial liabilities
    8. Securities 9. Provisions
    9. Accounts receivable 10. Employee benefits
    10. Inventories 11. Accrued expenses and deferred income
    11. Property, equipment and intangibles 12. Funds and foundations
    12. Impairment 13. Funding of field operations
    13. Provisions 14. Reserves designated by the Assembly
    14. Interest-bearing borrowings and loans 15. Contributions
    15. Reserves 16. Operating expenditure by cash, kind and services
    16. Income 17. Headquarters overhead income, field overhead
    17. Financial income and expenditure expenditure and administrative costs
    18. Employee benefits 18. Staff-related costs and figures
    19. Expenditure 19. Leases
    20. Contingent assets 20. Financial income and expense
    21. Presentation 21. Other income and other expenditure
    22. Taxes
    23. Financial instruments
    24. Contingent assets
    25. Capital and contractual commitments
    26. Related parties
    27. Subsequent events

    353
    CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2005

    1. CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEET AS AT 31 DECEMBER 2005


    (in CHF ,000)

    ASSETS Notes 2005 2004

    Current Assets
    Cash and cash equivalents 5.3.1 240,829 184,417
    Securities 5.3.2 58,759 52,329
    Accounts receivable and prepayments 5.3.3 168,229 76,698
    Inventories 5.3.4 18,470 18,821
    Total Current Assets 486,287 332,265

    Non-current Assets
    Property and equipment 5.3.5 86,165 81,912
    Intangible assets 5.3.5 6,097 5,257
    Other assets 5.3.6 1,406 963
    Total Non-current Assets 93,668 88,132

    Total ASSETS 579,955 420,397

    LIABILITIES AND RESERVES

    Current Liabilities
    Accounts payable 5.3.7 45,630 34,384
    Financial liabilities 5.3.8 1,370 1,172
    Provisions 5.3.9 58 354
    Employee benefit liabilities 5.3.10 59,205 49,174
    Accrued expenses and deferred income 5.3.11 62,646 11,768
    Total Current Liabilities 168,909 96,852

    Non-current Liabilities
    Financial liabilities 5.3.8 16,398 17,178
    Employee benefit liabilities 5.3.10 5,286 6,397
    Deferred income 5.3.11 16,533 -
    Total Non-current Liabilities 38,217 23,575

    Total LIABILITIES 207,126 120,427

    Restricted Reserves
    Total Funds and Foundations 5.3.12 14,462 11,987

    Funding of Field Operations 5.3.13


    Field operations with temporary deficit financing -38,945 -9,487
    Donor-restricted contributions 61,943 8,064
    Total Funding of Field Operations 22,998 -1,423

    Total Restricted Reserves 37,460 10,564

    Unrestricted Reserves
    Reserves designated by the Assembly 5.3.14
    Future operations 147,691 127,605
    Operational risks 26,166 25,000
    Assets replacement 116,969 99,351
    Financial risks 14,933 12,176
    Human resources 10,694 8,294
    Specific projects 4,516 2,580
    Total Designated Reserves 320,969 275,006

    Other Unrestricted Reserves


    General reserve 12,500 12,500
    Retained surplus at beginning of the year 1,900 1,900
    Total Other Unrestricted Reserves 14,400 14,400

    Total Unrestricted Reserves 335,369 289,406

    Total RESERVES 372,829 299,970

    Total LIABILITIES and RESERVES 579,955 420,397

    354
    ICRC ANNUAL REPORT 2005

    2. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF INCOME AND EXPENDITURE FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2005
    (in CHF ,000)
    Notes 2005 2004

    Total CONTRIBUTIONS 5.3.15 959,652 757,757

    OPERATING EXPENDITURE 5.3.16


    Staff-related costs 5.3.10/18 -445,997 -386,956
    Mission costs -48,428 -36,308
    Rentals -109,840 -71,237
    Sub-contracted maintenance -18,867 -27,548
    Purchase of goods and materials -200,365 -159,500
    General expenditure 5.3.20 -68,516 -82,823
    Depreciation -18,718 -17,814
    Total OPERATING EXPENDITURE -910,731 -782,186

    NET RESULT OF OPERATING ACTIVITIES 48,921 -24,429

    OTHER INCOME
    Contributed assets 1,771 959
    Financial income 5.3.20 7,088 2,117
    Foreign exchange gain (loss), net 5.3.20 5,920 -6,452
    Other 5.3.21 12,836 16,946
    Total OTHER INCOME 27,615 13,570

    OTHER EXPENDITURE
    Impairment of assets 5.3.5 -721 -239
    Other 5.3.21 -2,956 -4,321
    Total OTHER EXPENDITURE -3,677 -4,560

    NET RESULT OF NON-OPERATING ACTIVITIES 23,938 9,010

    RESULT FOR THE YEAR 72,859 -15,419

    ALLOCATION OF RESULT FOR THE YEAR


    Allocation to Reserves, net Table 4 -70,384 16,776
    Allocation to Funds and Foundations Table 4 -2,475 -1,357
    RESULT FOR THE YEAR AFTER ALLOCATIONS 0 0

    355
    CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2005

    3. CONSOLIDATED CASH FLOW STATEMENT FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2005
    (in CHF ,000)
    Notes 2005 2004

    Cash Flows from Operating Activities


    Net result before interest 69,823 -16,919

    Adjustments for:
    Depreciation and impairment on assets 19,853 17,794
    Decrease in current cash and cash equivalent allowances -335 -1,863
    Gain on securities, net 5.3.20 -3,972 -237
    Gain from disposals of fixed assets, net -3,301 -3,848
    Contributed assets -1,771 -959
    Increase of employee benefit liabilities 14,256 5,439
    Operating surplus before changes in working capital 94,553 -593

    Changes in working capital:


    Accounts receivable and prepayments, net -91,643 14,367
    Inventories -319 1,094
    Other assets -443 -61
    Accounts payable and accrued expenses 78,657 -3,591
    Employee benefit liabilities -5,336 -4,133
    Net Cash from Operating Activities 75,469 7,083

    Cash Flows from Investing Activities


    Acquisition of fixed assets -23,305 -20,724
    Purchase of securities -18,328 -15,851
    Proceeds from disposals of fixed assets 4,213 5,088
    Proceeds from sale of securities 15,870 13,795
    Interest received 5.3.20 2,016 1,010
    Securities’ income, net 1,380 870
    Net Cash Used in Investing Activities -18,154 -15,812

    Cash Flows from Financing Activities


    Interest paid -360 -380
    Repayment of loan 5.3.8 -770 -759
    Net Cash from Financing Activities -1,130 -1,139

    NET INCREASE IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS 56,185 -9,868

    Cash and cash equivalents at 1 January 179,402 196,462

    Effect of foreign exchange rate changes 4,651 -2,541

    Cash and cash equivalents at 31 December 5.3.1 240,238 184,053

    RECONCILIATION OF RESULT FOR THE YEAR TO NET RESULT BEFORE INTEREST


    Result for the year 72,859 -15,419
    Finance interest income -2,016 -1,010
    Securities interest income -1,380 -870
    Mortgage and leasing interest 360 380
    Net result before interest 69,823 -16,919

    356
    ICRC ANNUAL REPORT 2005

    4. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN RESERVES FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2005
    (in CHF ,000)
    Restricted Unrestricted Result Total
    Funds and Funding Designated Other for the
    foundations of field by the unrestricted year
    operations Assembly reserves

    Notes 5.3.12 5.3.13 5.3.14

    Balance at 31 December 2003 10,630 39,390 250,969 14,400 - 315,389

    Net result for the year -15,419 -15,419

    Balance before transfers to/(from) reserves 10,630 39,390 250,969 14,400 -15,419 299,970
    Allocation of results of funds and foundations 1,357 -1,357 -
    Decrease of field operations with temporary
    deficit financing 6,163 -6,163 -
    Increase in donor-restricted contributions
    for specific operations -46,976 46,976 -
    Use of reserves designated by the Assembly -9,616 9,616 -
    Allocation to reserves designated by the Assembly 33,653 -33,653 -
    Total movement, net 1,357 -40,813 24,037 - 15,419 299,970

    Balance at 31 December 2004 11,987 -1,423 275,006 14,400 - 299,970

    Net result for the year 72,859 72,859

    Balance before transfers to/(from) reserves 11,987 -1,423 275,006 14,400 72,859 372,829
    Allocation of results of funds and foundations 2,475 -2,475 -
    Increase of field operations with temporary
    deficit financing -29,458 29,458 -
    Increase in donor-restricted contributions
    for specific operations 53,879 -53,879 -
    Use of reserves designated by the Assembly -3,667 3,667 -
    Allocation to reserves designated by the Assembly 49,630 -49,630 -
    Total movement, net 2,475 24,421 45,963 - -72,859 -

    Balance at 31 December 2005 14,462 22,998 320,969 14,400 - 372,829

    357
    CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2005

    5. NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED the accounting treatment and the presentation of the consolidated
    FINANCIAL STATEMENTS financial statements.
    AS AT 31 DECEMBER 2005
    (In Swiss francs ,000) The accounting policies have been applied consistently by the
    ICRC and are consistent with those used in previous years.
    5.1 ACTIVITIES
    5.2.2 Basis of preparation
    The International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) is an impar- The consolidated financial statements are presented in Swiss
    tial, neutral and independent organization whose exclusively francs, rounded to the nearest thousand.
    humanitarian mission is to protect the lives and dignity of victims
    of war and internal violence and to provide them with assistance. They are prepared on the historical cost convention except that
    financial securities and derivative financial instruments are stated
    It directs and coordinates the international relief activities con- at their fair value.
    ducted by the Movement in situations of conflict. It also endeav-
    ours to prevent suffering by promoting and strengthening Fair value is the amount for which a financial asset, liability or
    humanitarian law and universal humanitarian principles. instrument could be exchanged between knowledgeable and
    willing parties in an arm’s length transaction.
    Established in 1863, the ICRC is at the origin of the International
    Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement. It is formally recognized The preparation of the consolidated financial statements requires
    in the Geneva Conventions and by the International Conferences management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the
    of the Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement. The ICRC is an reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contin-
    independent humanitarian non-profit organization, domiciled gent liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements,
    in Switzerland and was granted observer status at the United and reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the report-
    Nations in October 1990. ing period. If in the future such estimates and assumptions, which
    are based on management’s best judgment at the date of the con-
    The ICRC’s principal tasks include: solidated financial statements, deviate from the actual circum-
    stances, the original estimates and assumptions will be modified
    visits to prisoners of war and civilian detainees; as appropriate in the year in which the circumstances change.
    the search for missing persons;
    transmission of messages between family members separated 5.2.3 Basis of consolidation
    by conflict; SPECIAL FUNDS AND FOUNDATIONS
    reunification of dispersed families; The funds and foundations listed below are controlled by the
    provision of food, water and medical assistance to civilians ICRC, and their financial statements are included in the consoli-
    without access to these basic necessities; dated financial statements. Intra-group balances and transactions,
    spreading knowledge of humanitarian law; and any unrealized gains from such transactions, are eliminated in
    monitoring compliance with that law; preparing the consolidated financial statements.
    drawing attention to violations and contributing to the
    development of humanitarian law; Control exists when the ICRC has the power, directly or indirectly,
    enhancing the capacity of National Societies to fulfil their own to govern the financial and operating policies of an entity. The
    responsibilities as Red Cross and Red Crescent institutions financial statements of the funds and foundations are included in
    providing humanitarian services in their own countries. the consolidated financial statements from the date that control
    commences until the date that control ceases.
    These consolidated financial statements of the ICRC for the year
    ending 31 December 2005 include activities of the Geneva head- Funds and foundations:
    quarters, all ICRC delegations, two funds and one foundation.
    Foundation for the International Committee of the Red Cross,
    The consolidated financial statements were approved by the Clare R. Benedict Fund,
    Board of Directors on 4 April 2006 for issue to the Assembly Omar El Muktar Fund.
    Council on 7 April 2006 and for approval by the Assembly
    on 27 April 2006. The general purpose of the foundation and funds is to financially
    assist the ICRC in its humanitarian work.

    5.2 SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES 5.2.4 Foreign currency transactions


    Transactions in currencies other than Swiss francs are converted
    5.2.1 Statement of compliance into Swiss francs at rates which approximate the actual rates rul-
    The consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accor- ing at the transaction date. At the balance sheet date monetary
    dance with and comply with the International Financial Reporting assets (including securities) and liabilities denominated in foreign
    Standards (IFRS) as adopted by the International Accounting currency are converted into Swiss francs at the rate of exchange
    Standards Board (IASB), and interpretations issued by the Standing ruling at that date. Non-monetary assets and liabilities in for-
    Interpretations Committee (SIC) of the IASB, and are presented eign currencies that are stated at historical cost are translated
    in accordance with the statutes of the ICRC and Swiss law. at the foreign exchange rate at the date of the transaction. Realized
    and unrealized exchange differences are reported as income
    Currently, IFRS do not contain specific guidelines for non-profit and expenditure.
    organizations and non-governmental organizations concerning

    358
    ICRC ANNUAL REPORT 2005
    (in Swiss francs ,000)

    The ICRC’s foreign operations are considered an integral part of The fair value of listed securities is their quoted bid price at the
    the operations in Geneva. The assets and liabilities of those oper- balance sheet date. Financial income consists principally of inter-
    ations are translated into Swiss francs at foreign exchange rates est and net realized and unrealized gains on changes in fair value.
    ruling on the balance sheet date, while income and expenditure Interest income is recognized on an accruals basis, taking into
    are translated at rates approximating the foreign exchange rates account the effective yield of the asset.
    ruling at the dates of the transactions.
    As the ICRC’s securities are managed externally on a portfolio
    The principal rates of exchange are shown below: basis, all securities income is disclosed net.

    Closing rate Average rate 5.2.9 Accounts receivable


    of exchange of exchange Receivables are stated at their cost net of an allowance on out-
    2005 2004 2005 2004 standing amounts to cover the risk on non-payment (see Note 5.3.3).

    USD 1.3150 1.1320 1.2374 1.2508 The main positions of the receivables are recognized for:
    EUR 1.5555 1.5440 1.5475 1.5461
    GBP 2.2670 2.1837 2.2576 2.2748 Pledges: at the moment of a written confirmation, except
    pledges falling due after five years which are considered as
    5.2.5 Fair value contingent assets only, and are not recognized due to uncer-
    The fair value of securities is reported in Note 5.3.2 to the consol- tainties associated with their receipt. (see Note 5.2.20).
    idated financial statements. The fair value of cash, other financial Re-invoiced costs: at the moment when (i) the service or basic
    assets and accounts payable are not materially different from the expenditure is fulfilled or (ii) the ownership of the asset is
    carrying amounts. transferred.

    Fair value estimates are made at a specific point in time, based on The allowance is made based upon a specific review of all signifi-
    market conditions and information about the financial instrument. cant outstanding positions. For those positions not specifically
    These estimates are subjective in nature and involve uncertainties reviewed, the provision is made at differing rates, based upon the
    and matters of significant judgement and therefore cannot be age of the receivable and applying allowance rates based on past
    determined with precision. Changes in assumptions could signif- experience.
    icantly affect estimates.
    5.2.10 Inventories
    5.2.6 Derivative financial instruments Inventories held at the headquarters and at the principal regional
    The ICRC uses derivative financial instruments – forward foreign distribution centre in Nairobi are considered as uncommitted
    exchange contracts – to hedge its exposure to foreign exchange stocks and are recorded at cost. The cost of inventories includes
    risks arising from financing and operational activities (for signif- expenditure incurred in acquiring the inventories and bringing
    icant pledged contributions and expenditures). In accordance them to their existing location and condition. Expenditure is
    with its treasury policy, the ICRC does not hold or issue derivative recognized at the moment of the delivery or consumption of these
    financial instruments for trading purposes. stocks except for obsolete inventories which are written off.

    Derivative financial instruments are stated at fair value. Where a Inventories held at other locations are considered as committed
    derivative financial instrument is used to hedge economically the and are included in expenditure due to the nature of the ICRC
    foreign exchange exposure of a recognized monetary asset or lia- operations.
    bility, any gain or loss on the hedging instrument is recognized in
    the statement of income and expenditure, and consequently The cost of inventories of perishable goods is based on the first-
    hedge accounting does not need to be applied. Further, accounts expired first-out principle.
    receivable are not hedged against accounts payable.
    The cost of other inventories is based on the first-in first-out prin-
    The fair value of forward exchange contracts is their market price ciple except where goods have been specifically earmarked, in
    at the balance sheet date. which case they are used first and therefore the costs of these items
    are specifically identified.
    5.2.7 Cash and cash equivalents
    The ICRC considers cash on hand, amounts due from banks and 5.2.11 Property, equipment and intangibles
    short-term time deposits with banks to be cash and cash equivalents. Assets are measured at their historical costs and are capitalized
    when (i) they are used for the ICRC and when (ii) the following
    Bank borrowings that are repayable on demand and form an integral limits are reached for individual asset amounts:
    part of the ICRC’s cash management are included as a component
    of cash and cash equivalents for the purpose of the statement of Buildings all
    cash flows. Equipment and vehicles CHF 10
    Software CHF 100 *)
    5.2.8 Securities
    Securities are recorded as financial assets at fair value through profit Contributed assets are accounted for using the same principles as
    and loss, and classified as current assets with any resultant gain or for purchased assets (see Note 5.2.16).
    loss recognized in the statement of income and expenditure.
    Securities are recognized and derecognized by the ICRC at the
    date it commits to purchase or sell the investments. *) Licences for commercial software are considered as fully expensed during the year.

    359
    CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2005

    (in Swiss francs ,000)

    SUBSEQUENT EXPENDITURE 5.2.15 Reserves


    Subsequent expenditure is capitalized only when it increases the FUNDING OF FIELD OPERATIONS
    future economic benefits embodied in the item of property and Field operations with temporary deficit financing
    equipment. This position relates to expenditures in the field which have
    not been financed by contributions received or pledged at
    All other expenditure is recognized in the statement of income 31 December 2005.
    and expenditure as an expense as incurred.
    Donor-restricted contributions
    DEPRECIATION Some contributions received by the ICRC are earmarked for
    Depreciation is calculated on the straight line method so as to specific usage. At the end of the financial year, any such funds
    depreciate the initial cost over the estimated useful lives, which which have not yet been spent are recorded under this heading.
    are as follows: In case that the funds cannot be used, the ICRC either obtains
    agreement for a reallocation of those funds for a different usage or
    in Switzerland other countries reimburses them to the donor in which case they are recognized
    as liability before the effective payment takes place.
    Buildings 50 years 10 years
    Fixed installations 10 years 10 years RESERVES DESIGNATED BY THE ASSEMBLY
    Equipment and vehicles 5 – 8 years 5 – 8 years Future operations reserve
    Hardware 3 years 3 years This position contains the reserve for operational funding. The
    Software 5 years 5 years ideal amount of this reserve is estimated at two and a half months
    of the headquarter and field operational cash, kind and service
    Land is not depreciated. expenditure over the last five years (see Note 5.3.14).

    FINANCE LEASE Operational risks reserve


    Assets acquired under long-term finance leases are capitalized and This concerns reserves relating to insurance coverage and to
    depreciated in accordance with the ICRC’s policy on property, potential litigation issues.
    equipment and software. The associated obligations are included
    in financial liabilities. Assets reserve
    The ICRC sets aside funds for capital expenditure on real estate
    5.2.12 Impairment and equipment, in order to be able to make investments, which
    The carrying amounts of the ICRC’s assets, other than securities are essential for its operations regardless of short-term financial
    (see Note 5.2.8) and inventories (see Note 5.2.10), are reviewed at fluctuations.
    each balance sheet date to determine whether there is any indica-
    tion of impairment. If any indication exists, the asset’s recoverable Financial risks reserve
    amount is estimated. This covers the risks of exchange-rate and price fluctuations in
    securities.
    An impairment loss is then recognized whenever the carrying
    amount of an asset exceeds its recoverable amount. Impairment Human resources reserves
    losses are recognized in the statement of income and expenditure. This reserve is set aside to cover future payments to management
    An impairment loss is reversed if there has been a change in the and staff under agreements for early retirements.
    estimates used to determine the recoverable amount. An impair-
    ment loss is only reversed to the extent that the asset’s carrying Specific projects reserves
    amount does not exceed the carrying amount that would have Allocations for specific projects to be undertaken are made in
    been determined, net of depreciation or amortization, if no anticipation of the events taking place; such as the International
    impairment loss had been recognized. Conference of the Red Cross and Red Crescent, and studies con-
    cerning the red cross emblem.
    5.2.13 Provisions
    A provision is recognized in the balance sheet when the ICRC OTHER UNRESTRICTED RESERVES
    has a legal or constructive obligation as a result of a past event, General reserve
    and it is probable that an outflow of assets will be required to This reserve is the accumulation of excess funds of the ICRC that
    settle the obligation. has been set aside with no specific reservation or restriction.

    If the effect is material, provisions are determined by discounting Retained surplus at beginning of the year
    the expected future cash flow that reflects current market assess- This reserve is the balance of surplus income from previous years
    ments of the time value of money and, where appropriate, the that is not allocated to any specific reserve.
    risks specific to the liability.
    5.2.16 Income
    5.2.14 Interest-bearing borrowings and loans CONTRIBUTIONS
    Interest-bearing borrowings and loans are recognized initially Pledges in cash are recognized on receipt of a written confirmation
    at fair value, less attributable transaction costs. of donation from the donors.

    Subsequent to initial recognition, interest-bearing loans are stated Contributions that are based on contracts for specific projects
    at amortized cost with any difference between cost and redemption (e.g. European Union, USAID, projects delegated to National Red
    value being recognized in the statement of income and expendi- Cross and Red Crescent Societies) are recognized as the expendi-
    ture over the period of the loan on an effective interest basis. ture is incurred.

    360
    ICRC ANNUAL REPORT 2005
    (in Swiss francs ,000)

    The following contributions are recognized upon receipt of the 5.2.17 Financial income and expenditure
    cash collection: The net financial result is comprised of interest payable on bor-
    Private sources, associations and companies rowings, interest receivable on funds invested, securities’ income,
    Legacies foreign exchange gains and losses, and gains and losses on hedg-
    Gifts ing instruments (see Note 5.2.6).

    Contributions in kind (goods or interests) and in services (in the Interest income is recognized in the statement of income and
    form of staff, means of transport or rent) are recognized on the date expenditure as it accrues, taking into account the effective yield
    of receipt of the goods or service and are reported as equal con- on the asset.
    tributions and expenses in the income and expenditure statement.
    5.2.18 Employee benefits
    Contributions in kind for fixed assets are recorded at fair value For headquarters and expatriated employees pension obligations
    under other income. Depreciation of such assets is included in are covered by an independent foundation with a defined contri-
    operational expenditure in the same manner as for purchased bution plan. One third of the contributions are paid by the
    fixed assets. employees and two thirds by the ICRC.

    The value of contributions in kind is determined by the donor’s DEFINED CONTRIBUTION PLAN
    indication of the value of the goods, including the cost of trans- Contributions to the defined contribution pension plan are
    port to the final destination. The fair value may not be exceeded. recognized as an expense in the statement of income and expen-
    diture as incurred.
    The value of service contributions in form of staff is estimated by
    determining the real cost that would have been incurred had the EARLY RETIREMENT BENEFITS
    contribution not been made. In the case of staff seconded to the The ICRC has a plan, which proposes to a certain category of its
    ICRC, the estimated value consists of the salary plus the social staff working at headquarters or in the field and hired in Geneva
    security and insurance contributions paid by the ICRC for the to have a pre-retirement at 57 instead of 62. This plan is revocable
    position concerned. From this value, all personnel costs paid by at any time.
    the ICRC directly to the persons concerned or its employer have
    been deducted to give the value of service recorded. The obligation to employees who presently benefit from this plan is
    shown under Current employee benefit liabilities (see Note 5.3.10),
    EARMARKING discounted to its present value. The discount rate is the yield at
    Cash contributions restricted by donors not other than for general balance sheet date on a 5-year Swiss Government bond. It covers
    ICRC field operations are considered as non-earmarked. the period from the date of the ICRC retirement up to the date of
    Swiss legal retirement.
    Cash contributions to a given region, country or programme
    (worldwide) are seen as loosely earmarked. Allocations made towards the cost of future early retirements are
    included in the human resources reserve.
    Contributions (in cash or in kind) to the programme or sub-
    programme of a country, project or goods are tightly earmarked. DELEGATION EMPLOYEES BENEFITS
    Personnel employed locally by the delegations receive social ben-
    The table below shows the overall framework for the earmarking efits in accordance with the legislation of the countries concerned
    level of cash contributions for the field budgets: and the local collective staff agreements.

    Level of earmarking Range/restrictions Example 5.2.19 Expenditure


    none overall ICRC field budget ICRC operations OPERATING LEASE PAYMENTS
    worldwide Payments made under operating leases are recognized in the
    region one of the four regions ICRC operations statement of income and expenditure on a straight-line basis over
    in Africa
    the term of the lease. Lease incentives received are recognized in
    programme one of the four programmes ICRC preventive
    action activities the statement of income and expenditure as an integral part of the
    worldwide total lease payments made.
    programme/region one of the four programmes ICRC protection
    for one of the four regions activities in Asia 5.2.20 Contingent assets
    and the Pacific
    operation one of the worldwide ICRC activities
    The ICRC views pledges falling due after five years as probably
    delegations in Colombia being receivable but given the operating environment, receipt is not
    virtually certain as defined in IAS 37. Consequently, management
    has considered these receivables as contingent assets, which have not
    Donor-restricted contributions that exceed specific expenditure been accounted for in the balance sheet as at 31 December 2005
    within the accounting year are carried forward to the following (see Note 5.3.24). In 2004 pledges falling due after one year had
    year (see Note 5.2.15). been considered as contingent assets.

    In case that the ICRC meets an over financing due to earmarked 5.2.21 Presentation
    contributions for a specific operation, the donor is asked if the Certain 2004 financial statement balances have been reclassified
    contribution can be allocated to another operation or be carried to conform to the presentation used in 2005.
    forward to the following year. In case of overfinancing, the donor
    may also ask for a reimbursement of the donation.

    361
    CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2005

    (in Swiss francs ,000)

    5.3 NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL 5.3.3 Accounts receivable and prepayments
    STATEMENTS
    2005 2004
    This section provides a breakdown of the main items on the
    balance sheet, the statement of income and expenditure, the cash Pledges (see also Note 5.3.24) 151,243 64,270
    flow statement and the statement of changes in reserves. All Re-invoiced costs commercial 1,721 1,544
    National Red Cross and Red Crescent
    figures are in thousands of Swiss francs (CHF ,000) and represent Societies, organizations, foundations
    a consolidation of the headquarters and field financial data. and funds 4,863 4,737
    Withholding taxes 1,561 1,270
    5.3.1 Cash and cash equivalents Allowance for accounts receivable -4,400 -4,470
    Total accounts receivable 154,988 67,351
    2005 2004
    Prepaid expenses 8,964 5,669
    Cash and bank accounts, net (1) 89,781 37,574 Social security and insurance contributions 319 780
    Time deposits 151,048 146,843 Advance payments to suppliers 220 73
    Cash and bank balances 240,829 184,417 Advance payments to employees 3,738 2,825
    Bank overdrafts -591 -403 Total prepayments 13,241 9,347
    Allowance adjustment (1) - 39
    Cash and cash equivalents 240,238 184,053 Total accounts receivable and
    prepayments 168,229 76,698
    (1) In 2004 cash and bank accounts were presented net of an allowance amounting
    to CHF 39 for non-reimbursement of foreign bank accounts.

    5.3.4 Inventories
    5.3.2 Securities
    2005 2004
    2005 2004
    Breakdown by category of goods:
    Debt and equity securities 46,099 37,737 Relief 2,452 3,447
    Deposits 12,660 14,592 Medical and physical rehabilitation 8,048 8,167
    Total securities 58,759 52,329 Water and habitat 3,074 2,409
    Other 5,246 4,798
    Allowance for inventory -350 -
    Deposits included in securities have an original maturity of over Total inventories 18,470 18,821
    three months.

    362
    ICRC ANNUAL REPORT 2005
    (in Swiss francs ,000)

    5.3.5 Property, equipment and intangibles

    Land and Equipment Total 2005 Total 2005


    buildings and vehicles property and intangibles
    equipment - software

    Historical acquisition costs


    Balance at 1 January 2005 63,258 112,836 176,094 25,355
    Additions 3,795 19,337 23,132 1,944
    Disposals -195 -12,874 -13,069 -
    Balance at 31 December 2005 66,858 119,299 186,157 27,299

    Accumulated depreciation and value adjustments


    Balance at 1 January 2005 -20,045 -74,137 -94,182 -20,098
    Impairment losses -508 -213 -721 -
    Depreciation charge for the year -2,219 -15,027 -17,246 -1,104
    Disposals 37 12,120 12,157 -
    Balance at 31 December 2005 -22,735 -77,257 -99,992 -21,202

    Net book value as at 31 December 2005 44,123 42,042 86,165 6,097

    Land and Equipment Total 2004 Total 2004


    buildings and vehicles property and intangibles
    equipment - software

    Historical acquisition costs


    Balance at 1 January 2004 57,794 120,345 178,139 23,171
    Additions 5,653 13,846 19,499 2,184
    Disposals -189 -21,355 -21,544 -
    Balance at 31 December 2004 63,258 112,836 176,094 25,355

    Accumulated depreciation and value adjustments


    Balance at 1 January 2004 -18,281 -81,769 -100,050 -16,868
    Impairment losses - -133 -133 -106
    Depreciation charge for the year -1,766 -12,537 -14,303 -3,124
    Disposals 2 20,302 20,304 -
    Balance at 31 December 2004 -20,045 -74,137 -94,182 -20,098

    Net book value as at 31 December 2004 43,213 38,699 81,912 5,257

    a. Work in progress d. Security: mortgage loan on property


    At 31 December 2005 assets include work in progress comprising At 31 December 2005 the headquarters building No.3 is subject to
    CHF 1,378 for construction and renovation works for buildings two mortgage notes of CHF 7,050 each to secure the interest-
    (2004: CHF 458), CHF 57 for equipment (2004: CHF 328) and bearing mortgage loan (see Note 5.3.8).
    CHF 2,064 for software in development acquired externally or
    generated internally (2004: CHF 2,823). e. Insurance value
    The buildings owned and utilized by ICRC have a total insur-
    b. Impairment loss ance cover of CHF 107,488 (2004: CHF 104,729). The buildings
    An assessment of the value attributed to assets caused the ICRC to owned by the ICRC have an insurance value of CHF 72,366
    write down the carrying amount by CHF 721 (2004: CHF 239). (2004: CHF 69,967).

    c. Finance leases
    Net equipment held under finance lease amount to CHF 1,110
    at 31 December 2005 (2004: CHF 1,472).

    363
    CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2005

    (in Swiss francs ,000)

    5.3.6 Other assets 5.3.9 Provisions

    2005 2004 CURRENT PROVISIONS

    Guarantee deposits 1,401 958 2005 2004


    Financial assets 5 5
    Total other assets 1,406 963 For specific risks
    Balance at 1 January 354 1,886
    Use of provisions during the year -296 -1,532
    5.3.7 Accounts payable
    Total 58 354

    2005 2004
    The balance represents potential operational claims on the ICRC.
    Governments 9,289 7,729
    National Red Cross and Red Crescent NON-CURRENT PROVISIONS
    Societies, organizations, foundations In 2005 there were no long-term provisions (2004: nil).
    and funds 1,814 905
    Suppliers 15,132 13,050
    Social security and insurance contributions 19,325 12,627 5.3.10 Employee benefits
    Sundry items 70 73 ICRC has one defined contribution pension plan and an early
    Total accounts payable 45,630 34,384 retirement plan for headquarters contracted staff, and an end-of-
    service plan for delegation-employed staff. The following provides
    details of each of these plans.
    5.3.8 Financial liabilities
    A. PERSONNEL PENSION PLAN
    Current financial liabilities 2005 2004 Under the defined contribution pension plan the ICRC paid
    CHF 32,819 (2004: CHF 29,959) to the pension fund.
    Bank overdrafts 591 403
    Current portion of non-current financial liabilities 779 769 The pension fund Board has by a signed agreement with the ICRC
    accepted the following:
    Total current financial liabilities 1,370 1,172 1. The ICRC’s level of contributions is fixed at 17% of the pen-
    sionable salary.
    Non-current financial liabilities 2005 2004 2. The ICRC will not be liable for any additional contributions if
    the fund does not have sufficient assets to pay all employee
    Loans benefits as defined in the pension fund regulations relating to
    Interest-bearing loan 7,100 7,300 employee service in the current and prior periods.
    Unsecured loan 8,967 9,175 3. The ICRC will not be liable for any additional contributions if
    the fund does not maintain a 4% return on investment.
    Financial Leases 4. Any surplus will not be used to reduce employer contributions.
    Lease obligation 1,110 1,472
    Total loans and financial leases 17,177 17,947 B. EARLY RETIREMENT BENEFITS
    The future financial commitments due to early retirement bene-
    Current portion -779 -769 fits are borne by the ICRC and are included under the caption
    Total non-current financial liabilities 16,398 17,178 “Employee benefits – current liabilities” in the amount of
    CHF 7,317 (2004: CHF 8,614) for accepted early retirements. The
    human resources reserve includes an accumulated allocation of
    Terms and loan Total within 2-5 more than
    repayment schedule 1 year years 5 years
    CHF 4,994 (2004: CHF 4,094) towards the cost of future early
    retirements.
    Interest-bearing loan (effective rate)
    CHF – fixed at 4.43% 7,100 200 800 6,100 The obligation for early retirement is calculated on the basis of
    Unsecured loan the following actuarial assumptions:
    CHF – granted at 0% 8,967 208 835 7,924
    Total 16,067 408 1,635 14,024 2005 2004

    The interest-bearing loan of CHF 7,100 (2004: CHF 7,300) relates Discount rate 1.81% 1.75%
    to one building at the headquarters in Geneva. Interest amounted Rate of pension increase 0.79% 0.85%
    to CHF 323 in 2005 (2004: CHF 333).
    The discount rate is based on a 5-year-yield Swiss Government
    The unsecured loan of initially CHF 9,800 is interest free, reim- bond and the rate of pension increase on the average Swiss infla-
    bursable over 47 years and has been granted for the training tion rate for the last 10 years.
    centre in Ecogia-Geneva, Switzerland. Notional interest for a
    contributed service of CHF 295 (2004: CHF 299) has been recorded
    as expenditure and as income at 3.21 % (2004: 3.19 %).

    The fair value of non-current financial liabilities amounts to


    CHF 10,537 (2004: CHF 9,995).

    364
    ICRC ANNUAL REPORT 2005
    (in Swiss francs ,000)

    C. DELEGATION EMPLOYEE END-OF-SERVICE BENEFITS 5.3.11 Accrued expenses and deferred income
    The present value of future financial commitments due for end-
    of-service indemnities (e.g. end of employment, retirement, 2005 2004
    severance pay) are borne by the ICRC and are included under the
    caption “Employee benefits – current liabilities” in the amount Accrued expenses 13,793 7,895
    of CHF 29,385 (2004: CHF 20,736). In 2005 allocations to this National Red Cross and Red Crescent
    societies, organizations, foundations
    provision were CHF 12,324 (2004: CHF 1,850), and use of the and funds 1,139 1,884
    provision was CHF 3,675 (2004: CHF 2,495). The indemnity is Deferred income 47,714 1,989
    based on one month of compensation for every year of service up Total accrued expenses and deferred
    to a maximum of 12 months except for certain countries where income 62,646 11,768
    local legislation requires otherwise. The calculated costs have
    been computed using the projected unit credit cost method. As
    there is only a lump sum benefit at the end of service there are no Non-current deferred income 2005 2004
    pensioners. The plan is unfunded and therefore the fair value of
    plan assets is nil. Deferred income 16,533 -
    Total non-current deferred income 16,533 -
    The principal assumptions used for the purpose of the actuarial
    valuations were as follows: In 2004 deferred income was classified as contingent asset, see
    Note 5.3.24
    2005 2004
    5.3.12 Funds and foundations
    Discount rate 10.65 – 15.5% 10.65 – 15.5%
    The following balances are included in the consolidated financial
    Future salary increase 6.75 – 10.7% 6.75 – 10.7%
    statements from the funds and foundations.

    These rates have been expressed as a range reflecting the various 2005 2004
    material financial environments (countries) that the obligation
    has been calculated for. Cash and bank accounts 41 844
    Securities 14,093 11,144
    Accounts receivable 5,655 55
    Rates for mortality, disability, normal retirement and with-
    Deferred income 5,500 -
    drawal vary depending on each country and the nature of the
    Contributions – private sources 1,142 1,086
    ICRC operations. These variations do not have a material impact
    Financial income 1,394 346
    on the calculations.
    Other expenditure 61 48

    MOVEMENT IN NET OBLIGATION


    5.3.13 Funding of field operations
    2005 2004 A. FIELD OPERATIONS WITH TEMPORARY DEFICIT FINANCING
    Opening net obligation recognized 2005 2004
    in balance sheet 20,736 21,380
    Net periodic pension cost 12,324 1,850
    Loosely earmarked balances -38,945 -8,924
    Benefits paid -3,675 -2,494
    Tightly earmarked balances - -563
    Closing net obligation recognized
    in balance sheet 29,385 20,736 Total -38,945 -9,487

    Field operations are considered as a deficit financing as soon as


    Current employee benefit liabilities 2005 2004 contributions do not cover the expenditure.

    Staff vacation accruals 24,455 23,379 B. DONOR-RESTRICTED CONTRIBUTIONS


    Salaries due to employees 3,334 2,842
    Early retirement 7,317 8,614 2005 2004
    Delegation employee benefits 29,385 20,736
    Non-current portion of current Loosely earmarked balances 60,254 1,296
    employee benefits -5,286 -6,397 Tightly earmarked balances 1,689 6,768
    Total current employee benefit liabilities 59,205 49,174 Total 61,943 8,064

    In 2005 there was no reimbursement of contributions received


    Non-current employee benefit liabilities 2005 2004 in previous years (2004: nil).
    Early retirement 5,286 6,397
    Total non-current employee benefit
    liabilities 5,286 6,397

    365
    CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2005

    (in Swiss francs ,000)

    5.3.14 Reserves designated by the Assembly

    Future Operational Assets Financial Human Specific Total


    operations risks replacement risks resources projects Loans

    Balance as at 31 December 2003 118,521 19,590 90,315 11,051 8,294 3,198 250,969
    Use/release during 2004 - -401 - -4,251 -2,401 -2,563 -9,616
    Allocations 2004 9,084 5,811 9,036 5,376 2,401 1,945 33,653
    Balance as at 31 December 2004 127,605 25,000 99,351 12,176 8,294 2,580 275,006
    Use/release during 2005 - -463 -787 - -1,187 -1,230 -3,667
    Allocations 2005 20,086 1,629 18,405 2,757 3,587 3,166 49,630
    Balance as at 31 December 2005 147,691 26,166 116,969 14,933 10,694 4,516 320,969

    The future operations reserve is for insufficient operational fund-


    ing, estimated at a level of the average of 2.5 months of cash, kind
    and services expenditure over the last five years including both the
    headquarters and field structure. The theoretical level would be
    CHF 171,109 (in 2004: CHF 168,285).

    5.3.15 Contributions

    2005 2004

    Governments 697,385 606,352


    European Commission 90,129 77,899
    International organizations 186 326
    Supranational organizations 283 474
    National Societies 124,903 39,020
    Public sources 4,476 4,581
    Private sources 42,290 29,105
    Total 959,652 757,757

    5.3.16 Operating expenditure by cash, kind and services

    Operating expenditure Cash Kind Services Total 2005 Total 2004

    Field
    Staff-related costs -319,944 - -16,266 -336,210 -282,320
    Mission costs -43,196 - - -43,196 -31,608
    Rentals -106,087 - -897 -106,984 -68,760
    Subcontracted maintenance -16,599 - - -16,599 -24,699
    Purchase of goods and materials -172,324 -24,783 - -197,107 -155,897
    General expenditure -48,655 - - -48,655 -59,202
    Depreciation -14,377 - - -14,377 -12,758
    Total -721,182 -24,783 -17,163 -763,128 -635,244

    Headquarters
    Staff-related costs -109,501 - -285 -109,786 -104,636
    Mission costs -5,232 - - -5,232 -4,700
    Rentals -1,662 - -1,194 -2,856 -2,477
    Subcontracted maintenance -2,268 - - -2,268 -2,849
    Purchase of goods and materials -3,258 - - -3,258 -3,603
    General expenditure -19,557 -305 - -19,862 -23,621
    Depreciation -4,341 - - -4,341 -5,056
    Total -145,819 -305 -1,479 -147,603 -146,942

    366
    ICRC ANNUAL REPORT 2005
    (in Swiss francs ,000)

    5.3.17 Headquarters overhead income, field overhead


    expenditure and administrative costs
    As a contribution to the costs of headquarters’ support for opera-
    tions in the field, an additional 6.5% is added to the budget of
    each operation for cash and service movements. This support
    includes services essential for an operation’s success such as human
    resources, finance, logistics, information technology and other
    support. The following analysis reconciles the audited consoli-
    dated financial statements to the management financial results of
    the emergency appeals.

    a. The reconciliation of Headquarters overhead income results


    in the following breakdown for the last two years:

    2005 Headquarters Field Total

    Contributions 5.3.15 959,652


    less Funds and foundations 5.3.12 -1,142
    ICRC Contributions 125,819 832,691 958,510
    Internal allocation from field budget 47,993 - 47,993
    Total income 173,812 832,691 1,006,503

    2004

    Contributions 5.3.15 757,757


    less Funds and foundations 5.3.12 -1,086
    ICRC Contributions 126,477 630,194 756,671
    Internal allocation from field budget 40,661 - 40,661
    Total income related to emergency appeals 167,138 630,194 797,332

    b. The reconciliation of Field overhead expenditure is as follows:

    2005 Headquarters Field Total

    Operational expenditure 5.3.16 -147,603 -763,128 -910,731


    Internal allocation to headquarters budget - -47,993 -47,993
    Total expenditure -147,603 -811,121 958,724

    2004

    Operational expenditure -146,942 -635,244 -782,186


    Internal allocation to headquarters budget - -40,661 -40,661
    Total expenditure related to emergency appeals -146,942 -675,905 -822,847

    c. Administrative costs
    The following cost centres at headquarters are classified as admin-
    istrative not direct programme-oriented operating expenditures:

    Presidency, directorate and management control


    Finance and administration
    Human resources
    Fundraising
    Information systems and archives

    Their total cost amounts to CHF 84,446 (2004: CHF 85,034)


    which represents 9.3% (2004: 10.9%) of the overall operational
    expenditure.

    367
    CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2005

    (in Swiss francs ,000)

    5.3.18 Staff-related costs and figures C. FINANCE LEASES AS LESSEE


    Non-cancellable finance lease liabilities are as follows: 2005
    2005 2004
    Future value Present value
    Wages and salaries 336,898 294,464
    Payments Interests Principal Payments
    Social insurance and social benefits 92,548 82,216
    Contributed services 16,551 10,276
    within 12 months 397 25 370 383
    Total 445,997 386,956
    within 1 to 5 years 761 21 740 716
    Total 1,158 46 1,110 1,099
    The average number of positions/employees during 2005 (2004) was:

    in the field: The difference between the future value of the minimum lease
    1,478 (2004: 1,383) expatriate staff (including 179 (2004: 214) payments and their present value represents the discount on the
    seconded by National Societies); lease obligations.
    9,965 (2004: 8,613) locally recruited employees under ICRC
    contract; 5.3.20 Financial income and expense
    4,075 (2004: 2,454) local daily workers.
    2005 2004
    at headquarters:
    853 (2004: 831) staff (including 8 (2004: 11) seconded by Securities at fair value
    National Societies), which represents Gain on securities 3,692 237
    722 (2004: 701) full-time positions. Securities’ income, net 1,380 870
    Total net income on securities 5,072 1,107
    5.3.19 Leases Interest income 2,016 1,010
    A. OPERATING LEASES AS LESSEE Financial income 7,088 2,117
    The ICRC leases warehouses, delegation buildings and means of Interest expense (1) -360 -380
    transport under operating leases. The leases may typically run for Total financial income, net 6,728 1,737
    a period up to ten years, with an option to renew the lease after
    Foreign exchange gain (loss), net 5,920 -6,452
    that date. Lease payments are increased annually to reflect market
    rentals.
    (1) Interest expense is classified within operating expenditure consistent with
    During the current year CHF 108 million were recognized as the requirements of agreements with donors.

    rental expense in the statement of income and expenditure in


    respect of operating leases (2004: CHF 69 million) as follows: 5.3.21 Other income and other expenditure

    2005 2004 2005 2004

    Premises and equipment 30,249 27,679 Decrease in allowance for accounts receivable 70 260
    Transport 77,759 41,574 Decrease in allowance for specific risks, net 415 1,856
    Total 108,008 69,253 Revaluation of fixed assets 38 113
    Re-invoiced costs 4,458 4,295
    Non-cancellable operating lease rentals Income arising from prior period 1,852 2,646
    are payable as follows: Other 5,392 5,984
    within 12 months 2,956 4,844 Adjustments of operations 611 1,792
    within 1 to 5 years 4,799 7,648 Total other income 12,836 16,946
    over 5 years - -
    Total 7,755 12,492 Increase in allowance for specific risks, net -114 -
    Increase in allowance for obsolete stock -350 -
    Expenditure arising from prior period -513 -120
    B. OPERATING LEASES AS LESSOR
    Other -1,979 -4,201
    In 2005, CHF 632 (2004: CHF 456) was recognized as income in
    Total other expenditure -2,956 -4,321
    the statement of income and expenditure in respect of sub-leases.

    Adjustments of operations concern prior period charges relating


    mainly to transfer of goods and revised estimates of accruals, and
    does not relate to current field operations.

    5.3.22 Taxes
    The ICRC (but not its staff) is exempt from taxes in Switzerland
    and most countries in which its delegations are based.

    368
    ICRC ANNUAL REPORT 2005
    (in Swiss francs ,000)

    5.3.23 Financial instruments C. INTEREST RATE RISK


    A. FOREIGN CURRENCY RISK The ICRC has a fixed rate mortgage up to 30 June 2006 at a rate
    The ICRC incurs foreign currency risk on pledged contributions of 4.43%. Current market rates for similar debt instruments range
    that are denominated in a currency other than Swiss francs. The from 3.20% to 3.75%.
    currencies giving rise to this risk are primarily the euro, pound
    sterling, Swedish kroner and US-dollar. D. CREDIT RISK
    The receivables are mostly with governments with high credit
    Substantially all financial instruments are denominated in Swiss ratings, where credit risk is low.
    francs except for the following:
    Investments are allowed only in liquid securities and only with
    2005 2004 counterparties that have a high credit rating.

    Cash and cash equivalents Euro 27,877 11,206 Other positions are not material, or are covered by provisions.
    US dollar 26,176 22,238

    Accounts Receivable Euro 43,242 96,558 At the balance sheet date there were no significant concentrations
    British pound 15,756 6,573 of credit risk. The maximum exposure to credit risk is represented
    US dollar 50,206 7,421 by the carrying amount of each financial asset, including the
    derivative financial instruments, in the balance sheet.
    Accounts payable Euro 1,340 1,430
    US dollar 14,516 9,984 5.3.24 Contingent assets
    In 2005 pledges falling due after five years amounting to CHF 4,500
    Hedging policy have been considered as contingent assets.
    The ICRC hedges significant pledged contributions denominated
    in a foreign currency on the balance sheet. Contingent assets Total Total
    2005 2004
    The ICRC uses forward foreign exchange contracts to hedge its for-
    eign currency risk as soon as the balance sheet item is recognized. Due within 1 year - 41,218
    The forward exchange contracts have maturities of less than one Due between 2 – 5 years - 13,237
    year after the balance sheet date. Where necessary the contracts Due after 5 years 4,500 -
    are swapped at maturity. Neither cash-flow nor fair value hedge Total 4,500 54,455
    accounting has been applied in 2005.
    In 2005 ICRC management reviewed the probability of receipt of
    In respect of other monetary assets and liabilities held in currencies pledges and considered it more accurate to classify pledges falling
    other than Swiss francs, the ICRC ensures that the net exposure is due after 5 years as contingent assets. In 2004 pledges falling due
    kept to an acceptable level, by buying or selling foreign currencies after one year were considered contingent assets. Had the estimate
    at spot rates where necessary to address short-term needs. used in 2005 been applied at 31 December 2004, contingent assets
    at this date would have been lowered by CHF 54,455. Hence, trade
    At the year-end, the following positions are open: receivables and deferred income would have been increased by
    the same amount.
    2005 2004
    5.3.25 Capital and contractual commitments
    Forward foreign exchange contracts Capital commitments
    Purchase of foreign currencies 31,922 33,815 Capital expenditures of CHF 5,253 (2004: CHF 14,407) have been
    Sale of foreign currencies -95,706 -30,848 approved but not provided for in these consolidated financial
    statements.
    B. FAIR VALUE
    Changes in the fair value of forward exchange contracts that hedge 5.3.26 Related parties
    pledged contributions or significant expenditures are recognized A. IDENTITY OF RELATED PARTIES
    in the statement of income and expenditure. They are generally The ICRC has a related party relationship with five funds (Augusta
    offset by foreign exchange gains and losses arising on translation Fund, Nightingale Fund, Maurice De Madre Fund, Paul Reuter
    of the hedged item to Swiss francs at the balance sheet date. Fund and the Special Fund for the Disabled). The objectives of
    these funds are to assist the ICRC in its activities.
    Both the changes in fair value of the hedging instruments and the
    foreign exchange gains and losses relating to the hedged items are In addition, the Avenir Foundation is an entity for the benefit
    recognized as part of “Total financial income, net”. (see Note 5.3.20). of staff working at headquarters or in the field and hired in
    The net result of marking forward exchange contracts to market Geneva under an open-ended contract. Its purpose is to facilitate
    at the balance sheet date was a charge of CHF 1,161 (2004: charge training of professional skills, to facilitate career moves and to
    of CHF 297). improve retirement benefits. The ICRC pays fixed contributions
    to staff ’s individual accounts of the foundation depending on the
    Except for an unsecured loan of CHF 8,967 (see note 5.3.8), the length of their employment.
    fair value of the financial instruments held at 31 December 2005
    does not differ from the carrying amounts shown in the balance
    sheet.

    369
    CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2005

    (in Swiss francs ,000)

    Key management personnel are persons having authority and


    responsibility for planning, directing and controlling the
    activities of the ICRC. Related parties implies the directors and
    senior management as well as close members of their families or
    households.

    The Assembly is the supreme governing body of the ICRC.

    The ICRC has a conflict-of-interest policy whereby the Assembly,


    the directors, and the senior management must advise the
    Assembly or the human resources management of any direct or
    indirect interest in any transaction or relationship with the ICRC
    and are disqualified from participation in discussions and deci-
    sions regarding any action affecting their individual, professional,
    or business interests.

    B.TRANSACTIONS WITH RELATED PARTIES


    During the year, the ICRC received income of CHF nil
    (2004: CHF 20) from these five funds.

    In 2005, contributions to the Avenir Foundation amounts to


    CHF 10,306 (2004: CHF 9,396), and an amount of CHF 3,223
    (2004: CHF 5,782) for training purposes, professional integra-
    tion outside of the ICRC and early retirements has been paid out
    by the foundation.

    There were no transactions with key management personnel


    except those described in the following paragraph. With the
    exception of the president and the permanent vice-president,
    none of the other members of the Assembly, nor any person
    related to them, have received any remuneration from the ICRC
    during the year.

    C. REMUNERATION
    The salaries and benefits of the president, the permanent vice-
    president, the 6 directors and the head of Internal Audit of the
    ICRC are set by the Assembly. Their total remuneration amounted
    to CHF 3,350 (2004: CHF 3,269) including employer expenses for
    social insurance and social benefits. No other salaries and benefits
    (e.g. fringe benefits, loans) were granted to them.

    Related party remuneration Total Total


    2005 2004

    Short-term employee benefits 2,753 2,641


    Post-employment benefits 528 564
    Other long-term benefits 69 64
    Total remuneration 3,350 3,269

    The non-permanent members of the Assembly, or persons related


    or connected by business to them, have not received any remu-
    neration from the ICRC during the year.

    5.3.27 Subsequent events


    No events occurred between 31 December 2005 and the authori-
    zation of the consolidated financial statements that would require
    modification of or disclosure in the consolidated financial
    statements.

    370
    ICRC ANNUAL REPORT 2005

    371
    CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2005

    (in CHF ,000)

    6.1. INCOME AND EXPENDITURE RELATED TO THE 2005 EMERGENCY AND HEADQUARTERS APPEALS

    BUDGET EXPENDITURE BY PROGRAMME


    (Cash, kind and services)

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    1. EMERGENCY APPEALS (FIELD)
    Africa 390,471 - 390,471 70,282 245,108 33,592 27,147 82 376,210 22,576
    Asia and the Pacific 135,389 108,867 244,256 38,432 148,207 21,327 15,710 209 223,886 12,596
    Europe and the Americas 139,750 - 139,750 23,347 56,492 36,618 14,776 280 131,514 7,976
    Middle East and North Africa 115,080 - 115,080 31,656 26,930 11,943 8,826 156 79,512 4,845
    Contingency 39,034 - 39,034
    TOTAL EMERGENCY APPEALS FIELD 819,724 108,867 928,592 163,716 476,737 103,481 66,460 728 811,121 47,993

    2. HEADQUARTERS APPEAL
    Headquarters general
    2.1 HEADQUARTERS FIELD SUPPORT
    Africa 24,677 - 24,677 3,515 12,478 1,504 873 6,013 24,384
    Asia and the Pacific 11,157 - 11,157 1,953 4,750 777 383 3,270 11,134
    Europe and the Americas 14,728 - 14,728 2,072 5,592 2,209 223 3,818 13,915
    Middle East and North Africa 10,642 - 10,642 1,492 3,906 1,062 236 2,285 8,981
    SUB-TOTAL HEADQUARTERS
    FIELD SUPPORT 61,204 - 61,204 9,032 26,726 5,553 1,716 15,386 58,413

    2.2 HEADQUARTERS OTHER ACTIVITIES


    Assembly, Presidency and Management Control 4,244 - 4,244 0 - 487 - 4,263 4,750
    Directorate 10,959 - 10,959 - - 2,212 619 9,873 12,703
    Operations 32,778 - 32,778 4,491 8,468 2,707 882 11,298 27,846
    Law, Policy and Cooperation
    within the Movement 20,256 - 20,256 415 - 10,063 3,571 5,954 20,002
    Communication 22,654 - 22,654 - - 19,387 1,048 2,018 22,453
    Kind and services for buildings - 1,435 1,435
    SUB-TOTAL HEADQUARTERS
    OTHER ACTIVITIES 90,891 - 90,891 4,907 8,468 34,856 6,119 34,840 89,189

    TOTAL HEADQUARTERS 152,095 - 152,095 13,939 35,194 40,409 7,835 50,226 147,603

    3. TOTAL FOUNDATION AND FUNDS 58 58

    4. OPERATING ACTIVITIES RELATED CONTRIBUTIONS AND EXPENDITURE


    (according to table 2 – Statement of income and expenditure)
    Total ICRC income and expenditure 177,655 511,931 143,890 74,295 50,954 958,782 47,993
    Deduction of field non-operating income
    Deduction of headquarters
    non-operating income
    Deduction of overheads -47,993 -47,993
    Deduction of cross-charging
    (foundation and funds) -58 -58
    TOTAL ICRC OPERATING ACTIVITIES
    RELATED CONTRIBUTIONS AND
    EXPENDITURE 177,655 511,931 143,890 74,295 50,896 910,731 -

    N.B. Figures in these tables are rounded off, may vary slightly from the amounts presented in other documents and may result in
    rounding-off addition differences.

    372
    ICRC ANNUAL REPORT 2005

    INCOME FUNDING OF FIELD OPERATIONS


    (Cash, kind and services) (Balances brought forward)

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    1. EMERGENCY APPEALS (FIELD)


    358,388 1,136 6,316 7,491 373,331 - 2,836 196 11,326 - 16,845 Africa
    221,176 337 17,508 8,651 247,671 5,157 - 3,205 56 33,836 - 8,043 Asia and the Pacific
    122,008 500 837 1,151 124,495 937 - 2,230 301 619 - 8,630 Europe and the Americas
    88,654 462 122 391 89,628 1,295 - 1,216 57 15,680 - 5,427 Middle East and North Africa
    Contingency
    790,225 2,435 24,783 17,683 835,126 7,389 - 9,487 611 61,461 - 38,945 TOTAL EMERGENCY APPEALS FIELD

    2. HEADQUARTERS APPEAL
    123,373 3,727 47,993 82 - 175,175 Headquarters general
    2.1 HEADQUARTERS FIELD SUPPORT
    - - - - - Africa
    - - - - - Asia and the Pacific
    - 237 - - 237 Europe and the Americas
    - - - - - Middle East and North Africa
    SUB-TOTAL HEADQUARTERS
    - 237 - - 237 FIELD SUPPORT

    2.2 HEADQUARTERS OTHER ACTIVITIES


    - - - 10 10 Assembly, Presidency and Management Control
    524 - - - 524 Directorate
    - - - 75 75 Operations
    Law, Policy and Cooperation
    56 24 - 210 290 within the Movement
    - 50 - - 50 Communication
    - 1,489 1,489 Kind and services for buildings
    SUB-TOTAL HEADQUARTERS
    580 75 - 1,783 2,520 OTHER ACTIVITIES

    123,953 4,039 47,993 82 1,783 177,850 TOTAL HEADQUARTERS

    1,200 1,200 3.TOTAL FOUNDATION AND FUNDS

    4. OPERATING ACTIVITIES RELATED


    CONTRIBUTIONS AND EXPENDITURE
    915,379 6,473 47,993 24,865 19,466 1,014,175 Total ICRC income and expenditure
    - 2,435 - 2,435 Deduction of field non-operating income
    Deduction of headquarters
    - 4,039 - 4,039 non-operating income
    - 47,993 - 47,993 Deduction of overheads
    Deduction of cross-charging
    - 58 - 58 (foundation and funds)
    TOTAL ICRC OPERATING ACTIVITIES
    RELATED CONTRIBUTIONS AND
    915,321 - - 24,865 19,466 959,652 EXPENDITURE

    373
    CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2005

    (in CHF ,000)

    6.2. INCOME AND EXPENDITURE BY DELEGATION RELATED TO THE 2005 EMERGENCY APPEALS

    BUDGET EXPENDITURE BY PROGRAMME


    (Cash, kind and services)

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    Africa
    Angola 12,784 - 12,784 6,137 3,744 1,936 799 2 12,618 770
    Burundi 9,228 - 9,228 1,912 5,199 836 311 - 8,258 504
    Chad 7,132 - 7,132 3,239 2,660 1,068 153 2 7,122 431
    Congo, Democratic Republic of 29,669 - 29,669 8,441 14,960 3,145 3,087 - 29,632 1,809
    Congo 9,082 - 9,082 1,028 4,602 1,402 419 - 7,451 454
    Eritrea 8,096 - 8,096 1,902 4,864 326 527 4 7,624 465
    Ethiopia 29,004 - 29,004 6,361 14,641 2,432 1,562 - 24,997 1,514
    Guinea 9,382 - 9,382 3,905 2,401 1,711 1,290 - 9,308 568
    Liberia 32,732 - 32,732 6,031 21,429 747 1,952 16 30,174 1,822
    Rwanda 15,464 - 15,464 3,373 8,960 888 668 - 13,890 848
    Sierra Leone 6,885 - 6,885 3,483 1,239 679 1,325 14 6,740 411
    Somalia 23,486 - 23,486 328 22,595 553 1,059 7 24,542 1,456
    Sudan 130,243 - 130,243 12,090 108,517 5,741 3,395 38 129,781 7,619
    Uganda 20,592 - 20,592 1,531 13,583 1,063 1,998 - 18,175 1,109
    Abidjan (regional delegation) 15,366 - 15,366 3,774 8,124 2,529 1,717 - 16,143 978
    Abuja (regional delegation) 4,459 - 4,459 767 34 1,144 2,226 - 4,171 255
    Dakar (regional delegation) 3,702 - 3,702 250 1,615 1,305 1,011 - 4,182 255
    Harare (regional delegation) 5,673 - 5,673 1,794 925 880 536 - 4,135 252
    Nairobi (regional delegation) 8,094 - 8,094 2,587 3,336 2,106 1,145 -0 9,174 560
    Pretoria (regional delegation) 4,777 - 4,777 646 653 1,727 1,199 - 4,225 258
    Yaoundé (regional delegation) 4,620 - 4,620 703 1,025 1,374 768 - 3,871 236
    Total Africa 390,471 - 390,471 70,282 245,108 33,592 27,147 82 376,210 22,576

    Asia and the Pacific


    Afghanistan 43,600 - 43,600 4,941 29,034 2,905 3,607 - 40,487 2,471
    Indonesia 9,002 29,856 38,858 4,581 28,976 1,657 1,594 - 36,808 1,907
    Myanmar 16,869 - 16,869 6,098 6,082 1,518 752 - 14,449 882
    Nepal 9,832 - 9,832 4,983 2,013 1,068 1,188 - 9,252 565
    Pakistan 5,571 56,462 62,033 2,420 55,192 1,254 836 35 59,737 3,137
    Philippines 3,147 - 3,147 1,642 384 746 311 - 3,082 188
    Sri Lanka 10,767 22,549 33,316 6,126 18,288 1,426 1,847 6 27,693 1,470
    Bangkok (regional delegation) 6,491 - 6,491 1,373 2,783 1,325 768 25 6,273 383
    Beijing (regional delegation) 5,750 - 5,750 28 3,132 1,433 824 3 5,420 331
    Kuala Lumpur (regional delegation) 2,059 - 2,059 226 - 1,625 215 140 2,206 135
    New Delhi (regional delegation) 8,023 - 8,023 2,648 738 2,319 1,640 - 7,344 448
    Suva (regional delegation) 3,757 - 3,757 362 31 1,503 1,372 - 3,268 199
    Tashkent (regional delegation) 10,521 - 10,521 3,004 1,555 2,550 757 - 7,867 480
    Total Asia and the Pacific 135,389 108,867 244,256 38,432 148,207 21,327 15,710 209 223,886 12,596

    N.B. Figures in these tables are rounded off, may vary slightly from the amounts presented in other documents and may result in
    rounding-off addition differences.

    374
    ICRC ANNUAL REPORT 2005

    INCOME FUNDING OF FIELD OPERATIONS


    (Cash, kind and services) (Balances brought forward)

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    Africa
    12,501 64 - 175 12,741 - 120 -2 Angola
    8,158 19 - 80 8,258 Burundi
    7,055 2 56 9 7,122 Chad
    27,576 26 - 62 27,664 - 1,968 Congo, Democratic Republic of
    7,328 104 6 14 7,451 Congo
    7,518 3 - 103 7,623 0 Eritrea
    18,239 43 196 447 18,924 31 - 6,041 Ethiopia
    9,010 53 - 244 9,308 Guinea
    30,217 14 319 835 31,386 - 1,216 5 Liberia
    13,779 58 - 53 13,890 Rwanda
    6,652 13 - 74 6,740 Sierra Leone
    16,674 2 685 216 17,577 148 - 6,818 Somalia
    130,389 333 4,943 4,484 140,149 - 1,500 15 8,883 Sudan
    20,286 9 - 323 20,618 2,443 Uganda
    13,568 183 112 263 14,125 - 2,018 Abidjan (regional delegation)
    4,161 10 - - 4,171 Abuja (regional delegation)
    4,173 1 - 7 4,182 Dakar (regional delegation)
    4,100 35 - - 4,135 Harare (regional delegation)
    9,005 110 - 59 9,174 0 Nairobi (regional delegation)
    4,148 32 - 44 4,225 Pretoria (regional delegation)
    3,848 22 - - 3,871 Yaoundé (regional delegation)
    358,388 1,136 6,316 7,491 373,331 - - 2,836 196 11,326 - 16,845 Total Africa

    Asia and the Pacific


    34,757 185 - 685 35,626 - 1,220 49 - 6,032 Afghanistan
    43,827 23 5,555 1,860 51,265 2,910 17,368 Indonesia
    15,310 16 - 289 15,615 - 1,174 7 Myanmar
    7,822 5 - 225 8,053 - 812 - 2,011 Nepal
    54,596 9 8,338 3,169 66,112 -0 6,375 Pakistan
    3,063 7 - 13 3,082 Philippines
    30,340 56 3,615 2,142 36,153 1,634 10,094 Sri Lanka
    5,573 3 - 84 5,660 613 Bangkok (regional delegation)
    5,418 2 - - 5,420 Beijing (regional delegation)
    2,146 2 - 58 2,206 Kuala Lumpur (regional delegation)
    7,341 4 - - 7,344 New Delhi (regional delegation)
    3,263 5 - - 3,268 Suva (regional delegation)
    7,720 20 - 126 7,867 Tashkent (regional delegation)
    221,176 337 17,508 8,651 247,671 5,157 - 3,205 56 33,836 - 8,043 Total Asia and the Pacific

    375
    CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2005

    (in CHF ,000)

    6.2. INCOME AND EXPENDITURE BY DELEGATION RELATED TO THE 2005 EMERGENCY APPEALS
    (cont.)
    BUDGET EXPENDITURE BY PROGRAMME
    (Cash, kind and services)

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    Europe and the Americas
    Armenia 3,425 - 3,425 966 1,257 879 203 - 3,306 202
    Azerbaijan 4,822 - 4,822 1,525 1,719 1,220 221 - 4,685 286
    Bosnia and Herzegovina 5,862 - 5,862 1,304 449 1,489 1,504 - 4,747 290
    Georgia 14,983 - 14,983 1,370 12,419 1,280 274 3 15,346 937
    Serbia and Montenegro (including Kosovo) 11,872 - 11,872 4,226 3,091 2,063 1,943 - 11,323 687
    Budapest (regional delegation) 3,892 - 3,892 603 - 2,285 928 - 3,816 233
    Kyiv (regional delegation) 1,822 - 1,822 21 - 1,245 477 - 1,744 106
    Moscow (regional delegation) 32,533 - 32,533 1,859 21,141 5,317 2,381 17 30,715 1,828
    Skopje (regional delegation) 1,931 - 1,931 375 - 874 423 - 1,673 102
    Ankara 813 - 813 70 - 320 283 - 673 41
    Brussels 1,739 - 1,739 - - 1,440 123 146 1,709 104
    International Tracing Service 348 - 348 359 - - - - 359 22
    London 408 - 408 - - 319 56 - 375 23
    Paris 1,288 - 1,288 - - 1,054 31 - 1,085 66

    Colombia 26,018 - 26,018 4,975 13,855 3,617 1,219 - 23,666 1,444


    Haiti 5,033 - 5,033 1,007 1,271 1,159 1,439 - 4,875 298
    Buenos Aires (regional delegation) 2,791 - 2,791 326 - 1,642 594 114 2,676 163
    Caracas (regional delegation) 2,080 - 2,080 69 5 1,090 377 - 1,541 94
    Lima (regional delegation) 4,963 - 4,963 1,356 818 1,671 892 - 4,738 289
    Mexico City (regional delegation) 5,724 - 5,724 600 268 2,927 1,165 - 4,960 303
    Washington (regional delegation) 5,049 - 5,049 2,335 198 2,536 243 - 5,312 324
    New York 2,353 - 2,353 - - 2,189 - - 2,189 134
    Total Europe and the Americas 139,750 - 139,750 23,347 56,492 36,618 14,776 280 131,514 7,976

    Middle East and North Africa


    Algeria 2,597 - 2,597 743 27 284 907 - 1,961 120
    Egypt 1,553 - 1,553 170 - 1,074 100 - 1,344 82
    Iran 2,912 - 2,912 921 - 1,108 480 2 2,510 153
    Iraq 48,863 - 48,863 10,161 10,643 2,467 1,248 10 24,528 1,497
    Israel, the Occupied Territories and
    the Autonomous Palestinian Territories 46,919 - 46,919 15,256 15,270 2,551 4,776 - 37,853 2,303
    Jordan 1,664 - 1,664 1,134 2 581 135 - 1,852 113
    Lebanon 1,551 - 1,551 398 89 599 254 - 1,341 82
    Syria 1,404 - 1,404 188 288 455 155 - 1,086 66
    Yemen 2,382 - 2,382 299 611 768 284 - 1,961 120
    Kuwait (regional delegation) 2,341 - 2,341 601 - 1,187 153 140 2,080 127
    Tunis (regional delegation) 2,895 - 2,895 1,785 - 869 336 4 2,995 183
    Total Middle East and North Africa 115,080 - 115,080 31,656 26,930 11,943 8,826 156 79,512 4,845

    Contingency 39,034 - 39,034

    TOTAL FIELD 819,724 108,867 928,592 163,716 476,737 103,481 66,460 728 811,121 47,993

    N.B. Figures in these tables are rounded off, may vary slightly from the amounts presented in other documents and may result in
    rounding-off addition differences.

    376
    ICRC ANNUAL REPORT 2005

    INCOME FUNDING OF FIELD OPERATIONS


    (Cash, kind and services) (Balances brought forward)

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    Europe and the Americas


    3,302 4 - - 3,306 Armenia
    4,648 1 - 36 4,685 Azerbaijan
    4,729 13 - 4 4,747 Bosnia and Herzegovina
    15,037 9 - 124 15,171 176 -0 Georgia
    11,121 39 68 82 11,311 12 Serbia and Montenegro (including Kosovo)
    2,975 79 - 1 3,055 761 619 - 619 Budapest (regional delegation)
    1,707 37 - - 1,744 Kyiv (regional delegation)
    25,905 7 767 125 26,804 - 1,092 - 5,003 Moscow (regional delegation)
    1,540 3 - 129 1,673 Skopje (regional delegation)
    673 0 - - 673 Ankara
    1,707 2 - - 1,709 Brussels
    359 1 - - 359 International Tracing Service
    363 - - 12 375 London
    780 167 - 138 1,085 Paris

    21,397 40 1 358 21,796 - 1,139 - 3,008 Colombia


    4,446 2 - 138 4,586 289 Haiti
    2,619 57 - - 2,676 Buenos Aires (regional delegation)
    1,539 2 - - 1,541 Caracas (regional delegation)
    4,733 5 - - 4,738 Lima (regional delegation)
    4,943 15 - 2 4,960 Mexico City (regional delegation)
    5,303 7 - 1 5,312 Washington (regional delegation)
    2,180 9 - - 2,189 New York
    122,008 500 837 1,151 124,495 937 - 2,230 301 619 - 8,630 Total Europe and the Americas

    Middle East and North Africa


    1,962 -1 - - 1,961 Algeria
    1,343 2 - - 1,344 Egypt
    2,499 4 - - 2,503 7 Iran
    38,220 42 - 17 38,280 1,295 44 15,091 Iraq
    Israel, the Occupied Territories and
    33,478 388 122 275 34,262 - 1,216 - 31 589 - 5,427 the Autonomous Palestinian Territories
    1,694 22 - 99 1,814 38 Jordan
    1,339 2 - - 1,341 Lebanon
    1,085 0 - - 1,086 Syria
    1,961 1 - - 1,961 Yemen
    2,079 1 - - 2,080 Kuwait (regional delegation)
    2,994 0 - - 2,995 Tunis (regional delegation)
    88,654 462 122 391 89,628 1,295 - 1,216 57 15,680 - 5,427 Total Middle East and North Africa

    Contingency

    790,225 2,435 24,783 17,683 835,126 7,389 - 9,487 611 61,461 - 38,945 TOTAL FIELD
    TOTAL FIELD

    377
    CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2005

    7. CONTRIBUTIONS IN 2005

    7.0 SUMMARY OF ALL CONTRIBUTIONS (in CHF)

    Headquarters Emergency Adjustments Total Total Total Sub-total Total Grand


    appeal appeals on previous cash kind services assets total
    years

    7.1 Governments 116,900,870 567,980,911 319,167 685,200,947 10,226,608 1,957,066 697,384,621 419,137 697,803,758
    7.2 European Commission (1) 91,257,564 - 1,128,995 90,128,570 90,128,570 90,128,570
    7.3 International organizations 186,028 186,028 186,028
    7.4 Supranational organizations 202,872 202,872 79,963 282,835 282,835
    7.5 National Societies 6,114,197 89,263,582 - 56,821 95,320,958 13,627,574 15,954,709 124,903,242 477,625 125,380,867
    7.6 Public sources 3,282,216 3,282,216 1,194,024 4,476,240 4,476,240
    7.7 Private sources 570,562 39,484,041 - 11,496 40,043,107 744,868 360,147 41,148,123 873,979 42,022,102
    GRAND TOTAL 123,585,629 791,471,186 - 878,145 914,178,670 24,865,042 19,465,946 958,509,658 1,770,741 960,280,399
    (1) Member of the Donor Support Group
    Reconciliation between the consolidated contributions of the ICRC (chapter 5.3.15)
    and the summary of the contributions to the ICRC (chapter 7.0)
    Total consolidated contributions of the ICRC (chapter 7.0) 958,509,658

    Contributions received from funds and foundations of the ICRC 1,200,000


    Contributions of the consolidated funds and foundations of the ICRC
    to the ICRC actions (chapter 7.7):
    Clare R. Benedict Fund - 22,719
    Foundation for the ICRC - 24,392
    Omar El Muktar Fund - 10,055
    Total contributions of the consolidated accounts of the ICRC (chapter 5.3.15) 959,652,491

    N.B. Figures in these tables are rounded off, may vary slightly from the amounts presented in other documents and may result in
    rounding-off addition differences.

    7.1 GOVERNMENTS (in CHF)

    Headquarters Emergency Adjustments Total Total Total Sub-total Total Grand


    appeal appeals on previous cash kind services assets total
    years

    Algeria 45,007 45,007 45,007 45,007


    Australia (1) 4,414,000 8,026,950 12,440,950 12,440,950 12,440,950
    Austria 710,657 2,084,850 2,795,507 2,795,507 2,795,507
    Bahamas 19,929 19,929 19,929 19,929
    Barbados 1,075 1,075 1,075 1,075
    Belgium (1) 1,167,000 9,074,925 10,241,925 10,241,925 10,241,925
    Belize 1,490 1,490 1,490 1,490
    Benin 2,964 2,964 2,964 2,964
    Bhutan 18,240 18,240 18,240 18,240
    Bosnia and Herzegovina 4,563 4,563 4,563 4,563
    Bulgaria 25,856 25,856 25,856 25,856
    Cambodia 2,903 2,903 2,903 2,903
    Cameroon 12,036 12,036 12,036 12,036
    Canada (1) 2,959,500 16,523,825 19,483,325 19,483,325 19,483,325
    Chile 62,896 45,231 108,127 108,127 108,127
    China 540,000 540,000 540,000 540,000
    Colombia 174,150 125,151 299,301 299,301 299,301
    Costa Rica 38,223 38,223 38,223 38,223
    Cyprus 59,400 59,400 59,400 59,400
    Czech Republic 228,791 228,791 228,791 228,791
    Denmark (1) 2,494,692 7,912,771 10,407,463 802,766 11,210,229 11,210,229
    Egypt 190,234 116,848 307,083 307,083 307,083
    Estonia 19,415 9,707 29,122 29,122 29,122
    Finland (1) 1,549,500 7,744,056 9,293,556 1,847,673 283,341 11,424,570 11,424,570
    France (1) 1,312,400 12,622,359 13,934,759 13,934,759 13,934,759
    Germany (1) 1,751,161 16,374,240 18,125,401 18,125,401 18,125,401
    Greece 806,104 806,104 806,104 806,104
    Grenada 1,604 1,604 1,604 1,604
    Guyana 1,552 1,552 1,552 1,552
    Haiti 12,450 12,450 12,450 12,450

    378
    ICRC ANNUAL REPORT 2005

    7.1 GOVERNMENTS (CONT.) (in CHF)

    Headquarters Emergency Adjustments Total Total Total Sub-total Total Grand


    appeal appeals on previous cash kind services assets total
    years

    Holy See 11,288 11,288 11,288 11,288


    Iceland 72,000 97,050 72,000 241,050 241,050 241,050
    India 16,404 16,404 16,404 16,404
    Indonesia 25,000 25,000 25,000 25,000
    Iran (Islamic Republic of) 121,100 121,100 121,100 121,100
    Ireland 200,590 3,681,100 3,881,690 3,881,690 3,881,690
    Israel 141,020 141,020 141,020 141,020
    Italy (1) 1,231,200 9,080,100 10,311,300 10,311,300 10,311,300
    Japan (1) 680,000 12,912,000 13,592,000 13,592,000 13,592,000
    Korea (Republic of) 153,840 153,840 153,840 153,840
    Lebanon 51,985 51,985 51,985 51,985
    Liechtenstein 200,000 370,000 570,000 570,000 570,000
    Lithuania 4,599 4,599 4,599 4,599
    Luxembourg 753,179 4,719,175 5,472,354 5,472,354 5,472,354
    Malaysia 18,459 18,459 18,459 18,459
    Malta 14,200 14,200 14,200 14,200
    Mexico 177,900 177,900 177,900 177,900
    Monaco 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000
    Morocco 71,485 71,485 71,485 71,485
    Myanmar 17,880 17,880 17,880 17,880
    Namibia 9,126 9,126 9,126 9,126
    Netherlands (1) 5,771,250 59,037,750 64,809,000 64,809,000 64,809,000
    New Zealand 369,960 1,017,390 1,387,350 1,387,350 1,387,350
    Nicaragua - 78,655 - 78,655 - 78,655 - 78,655
    Norway (1) 1,013,769 30,609,218 31,622,987 3,553,706 35,176,693 242,514 35,419,207
    Pakistan 18,834 18,834 18,834 18,834
    Panama 36,858 36,858 36,858 36,858
    Philippines 23,434 65,507 88,941 88,941 88,941
    Poland 701,158 24,920 726,078 726,078 726,078
    Portugal 200,000 874,850 1,074,850 1,074,850 1,074,850
    Qatar 129,840 129,840 129,840 129,840
    San Marino 50,000 50,000 50,000 50,000
    Senegal 7,447 7,447 7,447 7,447
    Singapore 28,500 28,500 28,500 28,500
    Slovakia 35,000 35,000 35,000 35,000
    Slovenia 11,924 38,577 50,501 50,501 50,501
    South Africa 141,912 153,738 295,650 295,650 295,650
    Spain 463,800 1,546,000 2,009,800 2,009,800 2,009,800
    Sudan 11,599 11,599 11,599 11,599
    Sweden (1) 3,404,220 45,873,450 49,277,670 49,277,670 49,277,670
    Switzerland (1) 65,000,000 27,706,088 - 59,097 92,646,991 26,300 179,413 92,852,704 92,852,704
    Tajikistan 685 685 685 685
    Thailand 89,400 89,400 89,400 89,400
    Tonga 1,498 1,498 1,498 1,498
    Tunisia 7,835 7,835 7,835 7,835
    Turkey 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000
    United Arab Emirates 65,750 65,750 65,750 65,750
    United Kingdom of Great Britain
    and Northern Ireland (1) 1,377,240 97,966,097 99,343,337 647,000 99,990,337 176,623 100,166,960
    United States of America (1) 15,209,501 191,733,394 45,486 206,988,380 4,798,929 44,546 211,831,854 211,831,854
    Venezuela 108,094 108,094 108,094 108,094
    Yugoslavia (2) - 24,657 - 24,657 - 24,657 - 24,657
    Total from governments 116,900,870 567,980,911 319,167 685,200,947 10,226,608 1,957,066 697,384,621 419,137 697,803,758
    (1) Member of the Donor Support Group
    (2) Adjustment of 2001 contribution

    N.B. Figures in these tables are rounded off, may vary slightly from the amounts presented in other documents and may result in
    rounding-off addition differences.

    379
    CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2005

    7.2 EUROPEAN COMMISSION (1) (in CHF)

    Headquarters Emergency Adjustments Total Total Total Sub-total Total Grand


    appeal appeals on previous cash kind services assets total
    years

    Directorate General Humanitarian Aid (ECHO) 70,079,450 - 1,230,755 68,848,695 68,848,695 68,848,695
    Directorate General for Development 18,467,080 263,422 18,730,502 18,730,502 18,730,502
    European Development Fund 2,711,034 - 161,662 2,549,372 2,549,372 2,549,372
    Total from European Commission 91,257,564 - 1,128,995 90,128,570 90,128,570 90,128,570
    (1) Member of the Donor Support Group
    N.B. Figures in these tables are rounded off, may vary slightly from the amounts presented in other documents and may result in
    rounding-off addition differences.

    7.3 INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS (in CHF)

    Headquarters Emergency Adjustments Total Total Total Sub-total Total Grand


    appeal appeals on previous cash kind services assets total
    years

    WHO 150 150 150


    WFP 174,080 174,080 174,080
    Various UN 11,798 11,798 11,798
    Total from international organizations 186,028 186,028 186,028

    N.B. Figures in these tables are rounded off, may vary slightly from the amounts presented in other documents and may result in
    rounding-off addition differences.

    7.4 SUPRANATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS (in CHF)

    Headquarters Emergency Adjustments Total Total Total Sub-total Total Grand


    appeal appeals on previous cash kind services assets total
    years

    AG Fund 102,872 102,872 102,872 102,872


    Médecins sans Frontières 79,963 79,963 79,963
    Various supranational organizations 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000
    Total from supranational organizations 202,872 202,872 79,963 282,835 282,835

    N.B. Figures in these tables are rounded off, may vary slightly from the amounts presented in other documents and may result in
    rounding-off addition differences.

    7.5 NATIONAL SOCIETIES (in CHF)

    Headquarters Emergency Adjustments Total Total Total Sub-total Total Grand


    appeal appeals on previous cash kind services assets total
    years

    Afghanistan 944 944 944 944


    Albania 1,278 1,278 1,278 1,278
    Andorra 900 900 900 900
    Area under Palestinian Authority 12,160 12,160 12,160
    Argentina 500 500 500 500
    Australia 158,848 4,213,506 4,372,354 31,228 1,607,787 6,011,369 6,011,369
    Austria 63,561 4,743,604 4,807,165 321,775 5,128,940 5,128,940
    Bahamas 3,088 3,088 6,176 6,176 6,176
    Bahrain 9,795 9,795 122,074 131,869 131,869
    Belarus 6,352 6,352 6,352 6,352
    Belgium 206,280 206,280 456,351 276,590 939,221 939,221
    Belize 623 623 623 623
    Bolivia 745 745 745 745
    Botswana 1,597 1,597 1,597 1,597
    Bulgaria 1,500 1,500 1,500 1,500
    Cambodia 2,129 2,129 2,129 2,129
    Canada 146,476 15,240,623 15,387,099 1,767,717 17,154,816 17,154,816
    Cape Verde 1,916 1,916 1,916 1,916
    Chile 11,872 152 12,024 12,024 12,024
    China 88,687 1,788,000 1,876,687 1,876,687 1,876,687
    China/Hong Kong 3,500,000 3,500,000 8,811 3,508,811 3,508,811

    380
    ICRC ANNUAL REPORT 2005

    7.5 NATIONAL SOCIETIES (CONT.) (in CHF)

    Headquarters Emergency Adjustments Total Total Total Sub-total Total Grand


    appeal appeals on previous cash kind services assets total
    years

    Colombia 31,453 29,278 60,731 60,731 60,731


    Congo 471 471 471 471
    Costa Rica 7,023 7,023 7,023 7,023
    Croatia 4,791 4,791 4,791 4,791
    Czech Republic 12,457 12,457 12,457 12,457
    Denmark 84,428 520,970 - 5,085 600,313 235,310 835,623 835,623
    Dominica 319 319 319 319
    Egypt 10,753 56,132 66,885 66,885 66,885
    Estonia 3,620 3,620 3,620 3,620
    Ethiopia 5,323 5,323 5,323 5,323
    Finland 84,332 84,332 1,505,963 732,420 2,322,715 2,322,715
    France 532,545 511,768 - 646 1,043,667 561 618,318 1,662,546 1,662,546
    Gambia 319 319 319 319
    Germany 1,299,433 5,573,865 - 66,783 6,806,515 5,678,273 1,012,480 13,497,268 68,464 13,565,732
    Greece 25,000 25,000 15,655 40,655 40,655
    Guyana 897 897 897 897
    Honduras 2,439 2,439 2,439 2,439
    Hungary 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000
    Iceland 39,073 506,469 545,542 627,425 1,172,967 1,172,967
    Indonesia 6,000 6,000 6,000 6,000
    Iran (Islamic Republic of) 29,478 29,478 29,478 29,478
    Ireland 23,529 309,200 332,729 427,272 760,001 760,001
    Israel 4,572 4,572 4,572
    Italy 311,200 83,367 - 35 394,532 394,532 394,532
    Japan 1,415,792 3,747,113 - 18,579 5,144,326 366,103 561,760 6,072,189 6,072,189
    Jordan 958 958 958 958
    Kenya 1,439 1,439 1,439 1,439
    Korea (Republic of) 272,874 272,874 272,874 272,874
    Kyrgyzstan 756 756 756 756
    Lao People’s Democratic Republic 1,384 1,384 1,384 1,384
    Libyan Arab Jamahiriya 12,057 12,057 12,057 12,057
    Liechtenstein 14,160 74,000 88,160 88,160 88,160
    Luxembourg 23,103 387,050 410,153 410,153 410,153
    Mali 514 514 514 514
    Mexico 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000
    Micronesia (Federated States of) 230 230 230 230
    Monaco 15,438 83,968 99,406 99,406 99,406
    Mongolia 921 921 921 921
    Morocco 1,365 1,365 1,365 1,365
    Namibia 852 852 852 852
    Nepal 852 852 852 852
    Netherlands 207,184 1,165,076 1,372,260 327,947 406,571 2,106,778 2,106,778
    New Zealand 43,951 3,079,613 3,123,564 647,709 3,771,273 3,771,273
    Norway 141,743 12,584,969 - 688 12,726,024 4,244,993 2,755,621 19,726,638 96,903 19,823,541
    Pakistan 5,004 5,004 5,004 5,004
    Papua New Guinea 2,129 2,129 2,129 2,129
    Portugal 231,600 231,600 17,614 249,214 249,214
    Qatar 7,772 7,772 7,772 7,772
    Romania 10,860 10,860 10,860 10,860
    Rwanda 740 740 740 740
    Saint Lucia 426 426 426 426
    Saudi Arabia 1,317,219 1,317,219 5,404 1,322,623 1,322,623
    Senegal 1,566 979 2,545 2,545 2,545
    Slovakia 7,240 7,240 7,240 7,240
    Spain 384,238 384,238 548,268 932,506 932,506
    Suriname 540 540 540 540
    Sweden 105,087 5,441,933 5,547,020 319,293 678,056 6,544,369 6,544,369
    Switzerland 104,018 500,000 604,018 84,818 688,836 688,836
    Tajikistan 532 532 532 532
    Thailand 38,860 38,860 38,860 38,860
    Tonga 426 426 426 426
    Trinidad and Tobago 1,597 1,597 1,597 1,597
    United Arab Emirates 6,575 144,100 150,675 150,675 150,675
    United Kingdom of Great Britain
    and Northern Ireland 253,501 21,971,157 22,224,658 269,564 2,580,180 25,074,403 312,258 25,386,661
    United States of America 1,282,000 - 93 1,281,907 90,638 1,372,545 1,372,545
    Uruguay 110 110 110 110
    Vietnam 1,491 1,491 1,491 1,491
    Zimbabwe 1,810 1,810 1,810 1,810
    International Federation of Red
    Cross and Red Crescent Societies 215,002 215,002 215,002
    Total from National Societies 6,114,197 89,263,582 - 56,821 95,320,958 13,627,574 15,954,709 124,903,242 477,625 125,380,867

    N.B. Figures in these tables are rounded off, may vary slightly from the amounts presented in other documents and may result in
    rounding-off addition differences.

    381
    CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2005

    7.6 PUBLIC SOURCES (in CHF)

    Headquarters Emergency Adjustments Total Total Total Sub-total Total Grand


    appeal appeals on previous cash kind services assets total
    years

    Bernex 32,040 32,040 32,040 32,040


    Founex 176 176 176 176
    Fribourg, Canton of 30,000 30,000 30,000 30,000
    Geneva, Canton of 3,000,000 3,000,000 713,424 3,713,424 3,713,424
    Geneva, City of 165,000 165,000 165,000 165,000
    Lausanne, City of 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000
    Obwalden, Canton of 35,000 35,000 35,000 35,000
    Vernier 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000
    Versoix 480,600 480,600 480,600
    Total from public sources 3,282,216 3,282,216 1,194,024 4,476,240 4,476,240

    N.B. Figures in these tables are rounded off, may vary slightly from the amounts presented in other documents and may result in
    rounding-off addition differences.

    382
    ICRC ANNUAL REPORT 2005

    7.7 PRIVATE SOURCES (in CHF)

    Headquarters Emergency Adjustments Total Total Total Sub-total Total Grand


    appeal appeals on previous cash kind services assets total
    years

    Direct mail fundraising campaigns 2,118,570 2,118,570 2,118,570 2,118,570


    Spontaneous donations from
    private individuals 16,403,574 - 481 16,403,094 55,728 16,458,822 99,433 16,558,255

    Donations from foundations/funds


    Clare R. Benedict Fund 22,719 22,719 22,719 22,719
    Fondation Albert Ed Oechslin 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000
    Fondation Bogette 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000
    Fondation des immeubles pour les
    organisations internationales (FIPOI) 294,504 294,504 294,504
    Fondation Hans Wilsdorf (1) 500,000 1,000,000 1,500,000 1,500,000 1,500,000
    Fondation Philanthropique
    Edmond J. Safra 306,600 306,600 306,600 306,600
    Fundacion Conde de Barcelona 46,170 46,170 46,170 46,170
    Lamprecht-Steiger Stiftung 30,000 30,000 30,000 30,000
    Noric Foundation 69,453 69,453 69,453 69,453
    Odeon Foundation 31,350 31,350 31,350 31,350
    Omar El Muktar Fund 10,055 10,055 10,055 10,055
    Parthenon Trust 2,792,125 2,792,125 2,792,125 2,792,125
    SINITUS Care and Aid Foundation 123,952 123,952 123,952 123,952
    The Antoinette J. Hunter Trust 258,709 258,709 258,709 258,709
    Liechtenstein Charitable Foundation 214,900 214,900 214,900 214,900
    The Link Foundation 46,025 46,025 46,025 46,025
    The Prince Foundation 21,837 21,837 21,837 21,837
    Others and less than CHF 10,000 24,392 1,522,802 1,547,194 1,547,194 1,547,194
    Total donations from
    foundations/funds 570,562 6,570,528 7,141,090 294,504 7,435,594 7,435,594
    (1) Member of the Corporate Support Group.

    Legacies 3,081,112 - 9,141 3,071,971 3,071,971 774,546 3,846,517

    Donations from private companies


    Banque Mirabaud et Cie 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000
    Crédit Suisse 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000
    Firmenich 50,000 50,000 50,000 50,000
    Prudential Life Insurance Co. 24,044 24,044 24,044 24,044
    The Gibraltar Life Insurance Co. 49,879 49,879 49,879 49,879
    Other private companies 5,817,337 5,817,337 689,140 65,643 6,572,120 6,572,120
    Total donations from
    private companies 6,141,259 6,141,259 689,140 65,643 6,896,042 6,896,042

    Donations from associations and service clubs


    Association des Maires de grandes villes de France 50,343 50,343 50,343 50,343
    Comité International Olympique 646,000 646,000 646,000 646,000
    Fédération Internationale de l’Automobile 200,000 200,000 200,000 200,000
    Kooperation Utan Gränser 42,163 42,163 42,163 42,163
    MINE-EX Rotary Schweiz-Liechtenstein 1,003,931 1,003,931 1,003,931 1,003,931
    Rotary Club de Caen 1,539 1,539 1,539 1,539
    Soroptimist International 48,442 48,442 48,442 48,442
    UEFA 2,016,580 2,016,580 2,016,580 2,016,580
    Various associations and service clubs - 1,875 - 1,875 - 1,875 - 1,875
    Total donations from
    associations and service clubs 4,008,998 - 1,875 4,007,123 4,007,123 4,007,123

    Various donors 1,160,000 1,160,000 1,160,000 1,160,000


    Total from private sources 570,562 39,484,041 - 11,496 40,043,107 744,868 360,147 41,148,123 873,979 42,022,102
    42,022,102
    N.B. Figures in these tables are rounded off, may vary slightly from the amounts presented in other documents and may result in
    rounding-off addition differences.

    383
    CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2005

    8. CONTRIBUTIONS IN KIND, IN SERVICES AND TO DELEGATED PROJECTS


    AND INTEGRATED PROJECTS 2005 (in CHF)
    Donations in kind Donations in services Donations for delegated projects and Grand total
    (excluding DP & IP) (1) (excluding DP & IP) (1) integrated projects
    Headquarters Field Headquarters Field Kind Services Cash Total DP Total Total Number of
    & IP (1) kind services days of
    employees
    services

    NATIONAL
    SOCIETIES
    Area under Palestinian
    Authority 12,160 12,160 32
    Australia 31,228 14,159 1,593,628 31,228 1,607,787 5,442
    Austria 321,775 321,775 1,136
    Bahrain 122,074 122,074
    Belgium 456,351 276,590 456,351 276,590 356
    Canada 41,646 1,250,019 476,052 1,623,767 2,099,819 1,767,717 2,563
    China/Hong Kong 8,811 8,811 41
    Denmark 235,310 515,885 515,885 235,310 214
    Finland 1,505,963 732,420 1,505,963 732,420 2,405
    France 561 2,819 555,199 60,300 201,922 262,222 561 618,318 658
    Germany 5,678,273 1,012,480 25,731 25,731 5,678,273 1,012,480 2,503
    Greece 15,655 15,655 93
    Iceland 627,425 627,425 1,882
    Ireland 427,272 427,272 1,739
    Israel 4,572 4,572 20
    Italy 83,367 83,367
    Japan 366,103 561,760 13,369 13,369 366,103 561,760 1,493
    Netherlands 327,947 406,571 327,947 406,571 1,296
    New Zealand 647,709 647,709 3,815
    Norway 4,244,005 128,304 2,330,142 988 297,175 5,327,159 5,625,322 4,244,993 2,755,621 6,914
    Portugal 17,614 17,614 51
    Saudi Arabia 5,404 5,404
    Spain 548,268 548,268 1,904
    Sweden 319,293 559,466 118,590 1,162,705 1,281,295 319,293 678,056 2,018
    Switzerland 84,818 84,818
    United Kingdom
    of Great Britain and
    Northern Ireland 269,564 97,793 1,554,786 927,601 2,045,421 2,973,022 269,564 2,580,180 4,733
    United States of America 90,638 - 93 - 93 90,638 58
    International Federation
    of Red Cross and
    Red Crescent Societies 215,002 215,002
    Sub-total 561 13,626,025 284,721 13,790,270 988 1,879,718 10,999,233 12,879,939 13,627,574 15,954,709 41,366

    GOVERNMENTS
    Denmark 509,476 293,290 293,290 802,766 1,374
    Finland 1,847,673 283,341 1,847,673 283,341 823
    Norway 1,073 3,552,634 3,553,706
    Switzerland 26,300 179,413 26,300 179,413 464
    United Kingdom
    of Great Britain and
    Northern Ireland 647,000 647,000
    United States of America 4,798,929 44,546 4,798,929 44,546
    Sub-total 1,073 10,225,536 1,663,776 293,290 293,290 10,226,608 1,957,066 2,661
    (1) Delegated projects and integrated projects.

    N.B. Figures in these tables are rounded off, may vary slightly from the amounts presented in other documents and may result in
    rounding-off addition differences.

    384
    ICRC ANNUAL REPORT 2005

    8. CONTRIBUTIONS IN KIND, IN SERVICES AND TO DELEGATED PROJECTS


    AND INTEGRATED PROJECTS 2005 (CONT.) (in CHF)
    Donations in kind Donations in services Donations for delegated projects and Grand total
    (excluding DP & IP) (1) (excluding DP & IP) (1) integrated projects
    Headquarters Field Headquarters Field Kind Services Cash Total DP Total Total Number of
    & IP (1) kind services days of
    employees
    services

    INTERNATIONAL
    ORGANIZATIONS
    WHO 150 150
    WFP 174,080 174,080
    Various UN 11,798 11,798
    Sub-total 150 185,878 186,028

    SUPRANATIONAL
    ORGANIZATIONS
    Médecins
    sans Frontières 71,644 8,319 8,319 79,963
    Sub-total 71,644 8,319 8,319 79,963

    PUBLIC
    SOURCES
    Geneva, Canton of 713,424 713,424
    Versoix 480,600 480,600
    Sub-total 1,194,024 1,194,024

    PRIVATE SOURCES
    Fondation des
    immeubles pour les
    organisations
    internationales (FIPOI) 294,504 294,504
    Spontaneous donations
    from private individuals 55,728 55,728
    Others private
    companies 80,192 608,948 10,000 55,643 689,140 65,643
    Sub-total 80,192 664,676 304,504 55,643 744,868 360,147

    GRAND TOTAL 81,976 24,773,759 1,783,249 15,509,689 9,307 2,173,008 10,999,233 13,181,548 24,865,042 19,465,946 44,027
    (1) Delegated projects and integrated projects.

    N.B. Figures in these tables are rounded off, may vary slightly from the amounts presented in other documents and may result in
    rounding-off addition differences.

    385
    CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2005

    9. ASSISTANCE SUPPLIES

    The statistical data in the following tables can be summarized as


    follows:

    9.1 CONTRIBUTIONS IN KIND RECEIVED AND


    PURCHASES MADE BY THE ICRC IN 2005

    All assistance supplies received as contributions in kind or pur-


    chased by the ICRC and inventoried in the country of final desti-
    nation between 1 January and 31 December, 2005. The figures for
    contributions in kind cover all material support received as a gift
    but do not include any services received, such as the provision of
    human resources and/or logistical means. The figures for assistance
    supplies purchased comprise all procurements carried out both
    with non-earmarked and earmarked financial contributions
    (“cash for kind”). The grand total of CHF 142,237,371 in table 9.1
    therefore corresponds to the grand total given in table 9.2
    “Assistance supplies dispatched in 2005”.

    9.2 ASSISTANCE SUPPLIES DISPATCHED


    BY THE ICRC IN 2005

    All assistance supplies received as contributions in kind or


    purchased by the ICRC and inventoried in the country of final
    destination between 1 January and 31 December, 2005.

    9.3 ASSISTANCE SUPPLIES DISTRIBUTED


    BY THE ICRC IN 2005

    All assistance supplies distributed by the ICRC in the field between


    1 January and 31 December, 2005. These goods were either pur-
    chased or received in kind during 2005 or taken from stock already
    constituted at the end of 2004.

    386
    ICRC ANNUAL REPORT 2005

    9.1 CONTRIBUTIONS IN KIND RECEIVED AND PURCHASES MADE BY THE ICRC IN 2005
    (divided by donors & purchases, according to stock entry date)

    Donors Food Seeds Blankets Tents Kitchen Clothes Other Total Water & Medical Grand
    sets relief relief habitat ** total
    goods *
    (Tonnes) (Tonnes) (Units) (Units) (Units) (Tonnes) (Tonnes) (CHF) (CHF) (CHF) (CHF)

    National
    Societies 78.2 2,882 16,480 127.7 179.9 7,870,002 775,356 5,459,841 14,105,199
    Australia 31,228 31,228
    Bahrein 78.2 122,074 122,074
    Belgium 10,000 456,351 456,351
    Finland 145 428,293 85,920 991,750 1,505,963
    France 561 561
    Germany 1,950 72.1 3,887,552 437,192 1,421,993 5,746,737
    Japan 7 0.3 282,919 17,143 66,041 366,103
    Netherlands 6,480 327,947 327,947
    Norway 67.7 1,215,052 178,576 2,948,268 4,341,896
    Saudi Arabia 0.5 5,404 5,404
    Sweden 127.7 319,293 319,293
    Switzerland 25.0 84,818 84,818
    United Kingdom
    of Great Britain
    and Northern
    Ireland 14.3 581,822 581,822
    Federation 780 158,477 56,525 215,002
    Governments 9,017.4 49 54.9 7,422,715 779,302 2,443,729 10,645,746
    Finland 1,340.0 42 0.0 1,176,640 78,531 592,502 1,847,673
    Norway 2.1 7 49.8 1,270,523 700,771 1,824,927 3,796,221
    Switzerland (DDA) 26,300 26,300
    United Kingdom
    of Great Britain
    and Northern
    Ireland (DFID) 5.1 176,623 176,623
    United States
    of America
    (USAID, OFDA) 7,675.3 4,798,929 4,798,929
    Various donors 432.6 25.0 2,500 23 18.3 319,760 74,304 716,127 1,110,191
    United Nations
    (WFP, UNHCR,
    UNICEF) 412.4 174,080 11,948 186,028
    Other donors 20.2 25.0 2,500 23 18.3 145,680 74,304 704,179 924,163
    TOTAL GIFTS
    IN KIND 9,528.2 25.0 2,500 2,931 16,503 127.7 253.1 15,612,477 1,628,962 8,619,697 25,861,136
    ICRC PURCHASES
    (non-earmarked) 17,092.2 3,596.4 718,704 1,873 125,577 499.9 9,777.5 50,911,390 13,777,598 16,983,721 81,672,709
    ICRC PURCHASES
    (cash for kind) 29,571.4 347.4 554,406 7,390 77,114 415.7 2,724.2 32,091,938 32,091,938
    ICRC PURCHASES
    (delegated projects) 10.0 2.1 9.3 49,704 1,878,820 683,064 2,611,588
    TOTAL ICRC
    PURCHASES 46,673.6 3,943.8 1,273,110 9,263 202,691 917.7 12,511.0 83,053,032 15,656,418 17,666,785 116,376,235

    GRAND TOTAL 56,201.8 3,968.8 1,275,610 12,194 219,194 1,045.4 12,764.1 98,665,509 17,285,380 26,286,482 142,237,371

    ** RELIEF includes, food, seed, agricultural rehabilitation and essential household items.
    ** MEDICAL includes physical rehabilitation items.

    387
    CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2005

    9.2 ASSISTANCE SUPPLIES DISPATCHED BY THE ICRC IN 2005


    (by receiving countries, according to stock entry date)

    GIFTS IN KIND PURCHASES BY THE ICRC TOTAL DISPATCHED


    Countries Medical Water & Relief Medical Water & Relief Medical Water & Relief Total
    * habitat ** * habitat ** * habitat **
    (CHF) (CHF) (CHF) (CHF) (CHF) (CHF) (CHF) (CHF) (CHF) (CHF)

    AFRICA 27,031 3,051 6,286,383 5,912,733 10,710,255 39,325,739 5,939,764 10,713,306 45,612,122 62,265,192
    Angola 156,025 103,311 27,422 156,025 103,311 27,422 286,758
    Botswana 3,488 3,488 3,488
    Burundi 82,437 1,015,636 202,135 82,437 1,015,636 202,135 1,300,208
    Central African
    Republic 12,894 122,791 35,911 12,894 122,791 35,911 171,596
    Chad 56,150 103,864 261,009 213,697 103,864 261,009 269,847 634,720
    Congo, Democratic
    Republic of 371,820 679,514 1,377,659 371,820 679,514 1,377,659 2,428,993
    Congo 5,822 96,902 241,367 107,546 96,902 241,367 113,368 451,637
    Côte d’Ivoire 112,108 419,900 1,451,109 898,080 419,900 1,451,109 1,010,188 2,881,197
    Djibouti 115 13,832 115 13,832 13,947
    Equatorial Guinea 1,819 10,587 1,819 10,587 12,406
    Eritrea 828,828 900,473 828,828 900,473 1,729,301
    Ethiopia 195,598 547,979 1,031,467 1,780,861 547,979 1,031,467 1,976,459 3,555,905
    Gambia 911 1,061 911 1,061 1,972
    Guinea 16,537 196,768 61,418 16,537 196,768 61,418 274,723
    Guinea-Bissau 26,773 365 26,773 365 27,138
    Kenya 36,558 89,413 71,895 36,558 89,413 71,895 197,866
    Liberia 319,293 424,760 1,275,760 5,022,730 424,760 1,275,760 5,342,023 7,042,543
    Madagascar 11,554 30,888 33,376 11,554 30,888 33,376 75,818
    Namibia 8,130 8,130 8,130
    Niger 363 10,395 2,204 363 10,395 2,204 12,962
    Nigeria 1,566 4,784 1,566 4,784 6,350
    Rwanda 55,850 488,836 992,847 55,850 488,836 992,847 1,537,533
    Senegal 44,930 183,221 90,597 44,930 183,221 90,597 318,748
    Sierra Leone 9,947 372,599 24,961 9,947 372,599 24,961 407,507
    Somalia 684,773 904,615 573,207 6,147,589 904,615 573,207 6,832,362 8,310,184
    Sudan 27,031 3,051 4,912,639 2,220,388 1,355,329 15,821,394 2,247,419 1,358,380 20,734,033 24,339,832
    Tanzania, United
    Republic of 38,473 57,895 28,774 38,473 57,895 28,774 125,142
    Togo 49,985 49,985 49,985
    Uganda 337,065 296,103 5,387,735 337,065 296,103 5,387,735 6,020,903
    Zambia 64 17,921 4,203 64 17,921 4,203 22,188
    Zimbabwe 15,512 15,512 15,512

    ASIA & THE PACIFIC 8,529,596 1,625,911 8,361,652 6,122,302 3,132,156 25,837,006 14,651,898 4,758,067 34,198,658 53,608,623
    Afghanistan 2,846,224 1,127,158 1,683,761 2,846,224 1,127,158 1,683,761 5,657,143
    Bhutan 309 309 309
    Cambodia 410,227 76,018 87,952 410,227 76,018 87,952 574,197
    China 51,837 10,037 2,317 51,837 10,037 2,317 64,191
    Fiji 1,839 1,839 1,839
    India 78,749 527,026 78,749 527,026 605,775
    Indonesia 2,572,636 788,774 2,548,979 498,541 487,072 6,268,773 3,071,177 1,275,846 8,817,752 13,164,775
    Korea, Democratic
    People’s Republic of 455,419 78,854 21,407 455,419 78,854 21,407 555,680
    Kyrgyzstan 9,343 15,317 9,343 15,317 24,660
    Lao People’s
    Democratic Republic 114 39,864 114 39,864 39,978
    Myanmar 430,268 127,039 132,122 430,268 127,039 132,122 689,429
    Nepal 98,636 10,152 117,108 98,636 10,152 117,108 225,896
    Pakistan 4,642,062 394,612 3,955,447 865,080 390,887 13,382,033 5,507,142 785,499 17,337,480 23,630,121
    Philippines 56,674 16,826 75,402 56,674 16,826 75,402 148,902
    Solomon Islands 768,040 548 768,040 548 768,588
    Sri Lanka 1,314,898 442,525 1,857,226 129,012 3,520,028 1,443,910 442,525 5,377,254 7,263,689
    Tajikistan 60,667 209 810 60,667 209 810 61,686
    Thailand 102,047 254 102,047 254 102,301
    Uzbekistan 29,464 29,464 29,464

    388
    ICRC ANNUAL REPORT 2005

    GIFTS IN KIND PURCHASES BY THE ICRC TOTAL DISPATCHED


    Countries Medical Water & Relief Medical Water & Relief Medical Water & Relief Total
    * habitat ** * habitat ** * habitat **
    (CHF) (CHF) (CHF) (CHF) (CHF) (CHF) (CHF) (CHF) (CHF) (CHF)

    EUROPE &
    THE AMERICAS 1,485 835,282 3,876,584 1,588,908 14,072,280 3,878,069 1,588,908 14,907,562 20,374,539
    Armenia 44,859 3,684 26,188 44,859 3,684 26,188 74,731
    Azerbaijan 98,202 36,838 6,148 98,202 36,838 6,148 141,188
    Croatia 741 4,007 741 4,007 4,748
    Georgia 46,667 79,416 2,765,237 46,667 79,416 2,765,237 2,891,320
    Russian
    Federation 767,498 3,501,478 587,641 7,155,949 3,501,478 587,641 7,923,447 12,012,566
    Serbia and
    Montenegro 67,784 7,840 28,945 7,840 96,729 104,569

    Bolivia 5,722 5,722 5,722


    Chile 850 850 850
    Colombia 1,485 98,797 675,285 3,972,999 100,282 675,285 3,972,999 4,748,566
    Haiti 52,671 200,656 24,654 52,671 200,656 24,654 277,981
    Panama 3,869 895 16,287 3,869 895 16,287 21,051
    Peru 15,738 4,493 64,479 15,738 4,493 64,479 84,710
    United States
    of America 4,958 4,958 4,958
    Venezuela 1,579 1,579 1,579

    MIDDLE EAST
    & NORTH AFRICA 122,074 1,755,166 225,099 3,818,007 1,755,166 225,099 3,940,081 5,920,346
    Egypt 46,178 46,178 46,178
    Iraq 655,592 179,926 563,794 655,592 179,926 563,794 1,399,312
    Israel (including
    the Occupied and
    Autonomous
    Palestinian Territories) 122,074 907,747 3,189,768 907,747 3,311,842 4,219,589
    Jordan 29,316 29,316 29,316
    Lebanon 591 968 591 968 1,559
    Syrian Arab
    Republic 69,201 69,201 69,201
    Western Sahara 10,358 10,358 10,358
    Yemen 92,719 45,173 6,941 92,719 45,173 6,941 144,833

    REGIONAL STOCKS 61,585 7,086 61,585 7,086 68,671


    Geneva & Nairobi
    (only gifts in kind) 61,585 7,086 61,585 7,086 68,671

    GRAND TOTAL 8,619,697 1,628,962 15,612,477 17,666,785 15,656,418 83,053,032 26,286,482 17,285,380 98,665,509 142,237,371

    ** MEDICAL includes physical rehabilitation items.


    ** RELIEF includes, food, seed, agricultural rehabilitation and essential household items.

    389
    CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2005

    9.3 ASSISTANCE SUPPLIES DISTRIBUTED BY THE ICRC IN 2005

    Countries Medical Water & Relief Total


    * habitat **
    (CHF) (CHF) (CHF) (Tonnes) (CHF)

    AFRICA 6,461,713 9,635,926 45,620,532 52,128.9 61,718,171


    Angola 290,394 143,889 36,144 18.8 470,427
    Botswana 3,488 0.4 3,488
    Burundi 172,587 812,434 177,642 270.8 1,162,663
    Central African Republic 13,615 130,505 11,483 4.2 155,603
    Chad 105,511 261,009 152,404 212.0 518,924
    Congo, Democratic Republic of 393,435 826,490 1,537,498 855.2 2,757,423
    Congo 94,817 189,772 501,288 130.9 785,877
    Côte d’Ivoire 377,262 974,204 576,552 530.0 1,928,018
    Djibouti 115 13,832 6.8 13,947
    Equatorial Guinea 1,819 10,587 5.2 12,406
    Eritrea 773,760 739,984 289.5 1,513,744
    Ethiopia 485,026 1,075,385 1,742,462 1,778.9 3,302,873
    Gambia 911 1,061 0.4 1,972
    Guinea 19,752 136,689 48,674 17.2 205,115
    Guinea-Bissau 26,773 365 0.2 27,138
    Kenya 37,311 66,179 71,852 17.8 175,342
    Liberia 302,271 1,142,974 4,745,517 2,798.9 6,190,762
    Madagascar 11,554 30,888 33,376 13.2 75,818
    Namibia 8,130 1.0 8,130
    Niger 363 10,395 2,204 0.3 12,962
    Nigeria 2,407 87,630 22.4 90,037
    Rwanda 84,836 480,934 1,405,917 3,181.4 1,971,687
    Senegal 44,930 183,221 90,597 35.9 318,748
    Sierra Leone 11,356 359,665 33,795 16.5 404,816
    Somalia 862,370 596,139 5,869,458 3,684.1 7,327,967
    Sudan 2,955,696 1,042,880 23,096,874 35,776.4 27,095,450
    Tanzania, United Republic of 19,880 57,895 28,774 4.6 106,549
    Togo 26,744 55,725 17.5 82,469
    Uganda 118,901 295,810 4,512,562 2,400.0 4,927,273
    Zambia 64 17,921 4,500 2.7 22,485
    Zimbabwe 27,901 20,157 35.7 48,058

    ASIA & THE PACIFIC 13,815,464 3,687,402 28,079,054 12,755.4 45,581,920


    Afghanistan 2,455,219 1,124,000 2,107,671 2,296.2 5,686,890
    Bhutan 309 0.1 309
    Cambodia 395,590 76,018 87,952 53.3 559,560
    China 85,547 10,037 2,317 1.1 97,901
    Fiji 1,839 0.2 1,839
    India 126,738 527,026 174.4 653,764
    Indonesia 3,016,895 603,596 8,418,093 2,188.4 12,038,584
    Korea, Democratic People’s Republic of 351,143 78,854 21,407 10.7 451,404
    Kyrgyzstan 4,770 17,222 3.3 21,992
    Lao People’s Democratic Republic 114 39,864 39,978
    Myanmar 373,370 105,210 131,843 171.4 610,423
    Nepal 125,770 13,446 110,193 32.1 249,409
    Pakistan 5,201,898 761,139 12,231,323 5,955.9 18,194,360
    Philippines 56,674 16,826 100,931 132.9 174,431
    Solomon Islands 548 0.1 548
    Sri Lanka 1,455,848 858,203 4,319,269 1,734.7 6,633,320
    Tajikistan 63,191 209 857 0.4 64,257
    Thailand 102,047 254 0.2 102,301
    Uzbekistan 650 650

    390
    ICRC ANNUAL REPORT 2005

    Countries Medical Water & Relief Total


    * habitat **
    (CHF) (CHF) (CHF) (Tonnes) (CHF)

    EUROPE & THE AMERICAS 4,187,094 1,577,359 14,685,126 9,751.4 20,449,579


    Armenia 67,774 3,684 27,257 24.6 98,715
    Azerbaijan 155,222 36,838 5,171 0.5 197,231
    Croatia 741 4,007 0.7 4,748
    Georgia 129,338 51,778 2,858,217 4,636.1 3,039,333
    Russian Federation 3,599,582 602,056 7,550,066 2,704.7 11,751,704
    Serbia and Montenegro 7,840 182,147 87.4 189,987

    Bolivia 5,722 5,722


    Chile 850 0.6 850
    Colombia 158,703 675,285 3,947,867 2,265.4 4,781,855
    Haiti 42,420 200,656 21,600 5.8 264,676
    Panama 3,869 895 16,287 5.3 21,051
    Peru 15,883 6,167 65,120 18.9 87,170
    United States of America 4,958 0.6 4,958
    Venezuela 1,579 0.8 1,579

    MIDDLE EAST & NORTH AFRICA 2,500,727 2,304,427 5,311,891 2,920.4 10,117,045
    Egypt 46,178 26.0 46,178
    Iraq 1,401,153 2,259,254 2,077,042 967.2 5,737,449
    Israel (including the Occupied and
    Autonomous Palestinian Territories) 907,747 3,180,762 1,923.4 4,088,509
    Lebanon 29,316 29,316
    Mauritania 591 968 0.7 1,559
    Syrian Arab Republic 69,201 69,201
    Yemen 92,719 45,173 6,941 3.1 144,833

    GRAND TOTAL 26,964,998 17,205,114 93,696,603 77,556.1 137,866,715

    ** MEDICAL includes physical rehabilitation items.


    ** RELIEF includes, food, seed, agricultural rehabilitation & essential household items.

    391
    CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2005

    10. SPECIAL FUNDS

    10.1 FOUNDATION FOR THE INTERNATIONAL COMMITTEE OF THE RED CROSS (in CHF ,000)

    BALANCE SHEET AS AT 31 DECEMBER 2005 2005 2004

    ASSETS
    Current assets
    Cash and cash equivalents 41 844
    Securities 11,079 8,404
    International Committee of the Red Cross, current account 173
    Accounts receivable 5,558 54
    Accrued interest 99
    Total assets 16,950 9,302

    LIABILITIES AND RESERVES


    Current liabilities
    International Committee of the Red Cross, current account 51
    Deferred income 5,500
    Total current liabilities 5,500 51

    Reserves
    RESTRICTED RESERVES
    Inalienable capital 886 886

    UNRESTRICTED RESERVES
    Inalienable capital designated by the Board
    Balance brought forward 7,060 5,954
    Allocation for the year 1,243 8,303 1,106 7,060
    Financial risk reserves
    Balance brought forward 1,281 1,086
    Allocation / - release during the year 722 2,003 195 1,281
    GENERAL RESERVES
    Balance brought forward 24 0
    Result for the year after transfer from/- to reserves 234 258 24 24

    Total unrestricted reserves 10,564 8,365

    Total reserves 11,450 9,251

    Total liabilities and reserves 16,950 9,302

    392
    ICRC ANNUAL REPORT 2005

    STATEMENT OF INCOME AND EXPENDITURE FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2005 2005 2004

    Income
    Contributions 1,200 1,106
    Income from securities 316 211
    Realized gain on securities 119 26
    Unrealized gain on securities 722 195
    Bank interest 1 1
    Foreign exchange gain, net
    Total 2,358 1,539

    Expenditure
    Bank charges -33 -37
    Realized loss on securities -75 -166
    Fundraising charges -21 -4
    Audit fees -6 -5
    Foreign exchange loss, net 0 -2
    Total -135 -214

    Result for the year before transfers from/- to reserves 2,223 1,325

    Allocation to unrestricted reserves


    Inalienable capital designated by the Board -1,243 -1,136
    Financial risk reserves -722 -177
    Total -1,965 -1,313

    Attribution to the International Committee of the Red Cross -24 -134

    Result for the year after transfer from/- to reserves 234 -122

    Establishment
    Created on 1 May 1931; statutes and objectives revised in 2002.

    Purpose
    The Foundation strives to secure long-term support for the ICRC
    by establishing a substantial endowment fund income, most of
    which will be freely available to the organization.

    Administration
    The Foundation Board is made up of representatives of business
    and political circles and the ICRC:
    one representative of the Swiss Confederation;
    between five and eleven members appointed by the ICRC.

    393
    CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2005

    10.2 AUGUSTA FUND (in CHF ,000)

    BALANCE SHEET AS AT 31 DECEMBER 2005 2005 2004

    ASSETS
    Current assets
    Share of the overall capital of the special funds 149 136
    Total assets 149 136

    LIABILITIES AND RESERVES


    Current liabilities
    Florence Nightingale Medal Fund, current account 8 1
    International Committee of the Red Cross, current account 1 1
    Total current liabilities 9 2

    Reserves
    RESTRICTED RESERVES
    Inalienable capital 100 100

    UNRESTRICTED RESERVES
    General reserves 18 18
    Share of the overall provision for portfolio unrealized gain
    Balance brought forward 16 14
    Increase of unrealized gain during the year 6 22 2 16
    Total unrestricted reserves 40 34

    Total reserves 140 134

    Total liabilities and reserves 149 136

    STATEMENT OF INCOME AND EXPENDITURE FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2005 2005 2004

    Income
    Share of net revenue from the overall capital of the special funds 9 2
    Total 9 2

    Expenditure
    Audit fees -1 -1
    Total -1 -1

    Result for the year before attribution to the F. Nightingale Medal Fund and transfers from/- to reserves 8 1

    Allocation to unrestricted reserves - -

    Attribution to the Florence Nightingale Medal Fund -8 -1

    Result for the year after attribution to the F. Nightingale Medal Fund and transfers from/- to reserves 0 0

    Note:
    Certain 2004 financial statement balances have been reclassified to conform to the presentation used in 2005.

    Establishment Administration
    In 1890, at the initiative of the ICRC, to commemorate the services In view of the above-mentioned decision, the same as for the
    rendered to the Red Cross by the German Empress Augusta, wife Florence Nightingale Medal Fund.
    of Wilhelm I.

    Purpose
    Modified on several occasions. At the Twenty-first International
    Conference of the Red Cross, held in Istanbul in 1969, it was
    decided that, pending further modification, receipts from the
    Augusta Fund would be allocated to the Florence Nightingale
    Medal Fund. This decision was confirmed at the Twenty-second
    Conference, held in Tehran in 1973.

    394
    ICRC ANNUAL REPORT 2005

    10.3 FLORENCE NIGHTINGALE MEDAL FUND (in CHF ,000)

    BALANCE SHEET AS AT 31 DECEMBER 2005 2005 2004

    ASSETS
    Current assets
    Share of the overall capital of the special funds 508 454
    Augusta Fund, current account 8 1
    Stock of medals 8 18
    Total assets 524 473

    LIABILITIES AND RESERVES


    Current liabilities
    International Committee of the Red Cross, current account 6 4
    Total current liabilities 6 4

    Unrestricted reserves
    Capital 75 75
    General reserves
    Balance brought forward 342 337
    Result for the year after transfers from/- to reserves 28 370 5 342
    Share of the overall provision for portfolio unrealized gain
    Balance brought forward 52 44
    Increase of unrealized gain during the year 21 73 8 52
    Total unrestricted reserves 518 469

    Total liabilities and reserves 524 473

    STATEMENT OF INCOME AND EXPENDITURE FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2005 2005 2004

    Income
    Share of net revenue from the overall capital of the special funds 32 6
    Attribution from the Augusta Fund 8 1
    Total 40 7

    Expenditure
    Presentation of medals, printing and dispatching circulars -10
    Audit fees -2 -2
    Total -12 -2

    Result for the year before transfers from/- to reserves 28 5

    Allocation to unrestricted reserves - -

    Result for the year after transfers from/- to reserves 28 5

    Note:
    Certain 2004 financial statement balances have been reclassified to conform to the presentation used in 2005.

    Establishment
    In accordance with the recommendations of the Eighth Interna- and Red Crescent nurses and voluntary aides for having distin-
    tional Conference of the Red Cross, held in London, in 1907, and guished themselves by their service to sick and wounded people in
    with the decision of the Ninth Conference held in Washington in time of peace or war. The medal is awarded every two years by the
    1912, a fund was established by contributions from National Red ICRC on the basis of proposals made to it by the National
    Cross Societies. The regulations were revised by the Eighteenth Societies. Only 50 medals may be distributed at any one time.
    International Conference of the Red Cross, held in Toronto in
    1952, and by the Council of Delegates, held in Budapest in 1991. Administration
    A commission composed of five ICRC representatives, including
    Purpose four Committee members.
    The Fund’s income is used to distribute a medal, called the
    “Florence Nightingale Medal”, to honour the life and work of
    Florence Nightingale. The medal may be awarded to Red Cross

    395
    CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2005

    10.4 CLARE BENEDICT FUND (in CHF ,000)

    BALANCE SHEET AS AT 31 DECEMBER 2005 2005 2004

    ASSETS
    Current assets
    Share of the overall capital of the special funds 2,056 1,869
    Total assets 2,056 1,869

    LIABILITIES AND RESERVES


    Current liabilities
    International Committee of the Red Cross, current account 1 1
    Total current liabilities 1 1

    Reserves
    RESTRICTED RESERVE
    Capital 1,633 1,633

    UNRESTRICTED RESERVES
    General reserve
    Balance brought forward 23 14
    Result for the year after attribution to the ICRC and transfers from/- to reserves 105 128 9 23
    Share of the overall provision for portfolio unrealized gain
    Balance brought forward 212 182
    Increase of unrealized gain during the year 82 294 30 212

    Total unrestricted reserves 422 235

    Total reserves 2,055 1,868

    Total liabilities and reserves 2,056 1,869

    STATEMENT OF INCOME AND EXPENDITURE FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2005 2005 2004

    Income
    Share of net revenue from the overall capital of the special funds 129 24
    Total 129 24

    Expenditure
    Audit fees -1 -1
    Total -1 -1

    Result for the year before attribution to the ICRC and transfers from/- to reserves 128 23

    Allocation to unrestricted reserves - -

    Attribution to the International Committee of the Red Cross -23 -14

    Result for the year after attribution to the ICRC and transfers from/- to reserves 105 9

    Note:
    Certain 2004 financial statement balances have been reclassified to conform to the presentation used in 2005.

    Establishment
    1 February 1968.

    Purpose
    The Fund’s income is attributed to assistance activities for the
    victims of armed conflicts, in accordance with Miss Benedict’s
    wishes.

    Administration
    A commission composed of three persons appointed by the ICRC.

    396
    ICRC ANNUAL REPORT 2005

    10.5 MAURICE DE MADRE FRENCH FUND (in CHF ,000)

    BALANCE SHEET AS AT 31 DECEMBER 2005 2005 2004

    ASSETS
    Current assets
    Share of the overall capital of the special funds 5,180 4,932
    Total assets 5,180 4,932

    LIABILITIES AND RESERVES


    Current liabilities
    International Committee of the Red Cross, current account 173 261
    Total current liabilities 173 261

    Reserves
    RESTRICTED RESERVE
    Donors’ restricted contributions 3 15

    UNRESTRICTED RESERVES
    Capital
    Balance brought forward 4,097 4,183
    Result for the year after transfers from/- to reserves 165 4,262 -86 4,097
    Share of the overall provision for portfolio unrealized gain
    Balance brought forward 559 475
    Increase of unrealized gain during the year 183 742 84 559

    Total unrestricted reserves 5,004 4,656

    Total reserves 5,007 4,671

    Total liabilities and reserves 5,180 4,932

    STATEMENT OF INCOME AND EXPENDITURE FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2005 2005 2004

    Income
    Contributions 5 17
    Share of net revenue from the overall capital of the special funds 325 62
    Total 330 79

    Expenditure
    Allocations -172 -175
    Audit fees -2 -2
    Other expenses -3 -2
    Total -177 -179

    Result for the year before transfers from/- to reserves 153 -100

    Allocation to unrestricted reserves - -

    Use of restricted reserves


    Use of donors’ restricted contributions 16 31

    Allocation to restricted reserve


    Donors’ restricted contributions -4 -17

    Result for the year after transfers from/- to reserves 165 -86

    Note:
    Certain 2004 financial statement balances have been reclassified to conform to the presentation used in 2005.

    Establishment Administration
    The Fund was set up in accordance with the Count’s will and the A Board composed of five persons appointed by the ICRC, currently:
    ICRC Assembly’s decision of 19 December 1974. two ICRC members or staff;
    one representative of the International Federation
    Purpose of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies;
    To assist temporary or permanent staff, such as first-aid workers, one representative of the de Madre family;
    delegates and nurses, of international or national Red Cross or Red one Swiss lawyer.
    Crescent institutions who, in the course of their work or during war
    operations or natural disasters, have suffered injury and thereby In 2005:
    find themselves in straitened circumstances or in reduced health. The fund’s Board held its official annual meeting on 25 April and
    an extraordinary meeting on 25 November; its Secretariat handled
    In the event that the persons specified above should lose their lives 76 files (consisting of 124 individual cases) on Movement staff.
    in the course of the said humanitarian activities, payments may be
    made to their families.
    397
    CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2005

    10.6 OMAR EL MUKTAR FUND (in CHF ,000)

    BALANCE SHEET AS AT 31 DECEMBER 2005 2005 2004

    ASSETS
    Current assets
    Share of the overall capital of the special funds 958 871
    Total assets 958 871

    LIABILITIES AND RESERVES


    Current liabilities
    International Committee of the Red Cross, current account 1 2
    Total current liabilities 1 2

    Reserves
    RESTRICTED RESERVES
    Capital 761 761

    UNRESTRICTED RESERVES
    General reserve
    Balance brought forward 10 6
    Result for the year after attribution to the ICRC and transfers from/- to reserves 49 59 4 10
    Share of the overall provision for portfolio unrealized gain
    Balance brought forward 98 84
    Increase of unrealized gain during the year 39 137 14 98

    Total unrestricted reserves 196 108

    Total reserves 957 869

    Total liabilities and reserves 958 871

    STATEMENT OF INCOME AND EXPENDITURE FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2005 2005 2004

    Income
    Share of net revenue from the overall capital of the special funds 60 11
    Total 60 11

    Expenditure
    Audit fees -1 -1
    Total -1 -1

    Result for the year before attribution to the ICRC and transfers from/- to reserves 59 10

    Allocation to unrestricted reserves - -

    Attribution to the International Committee of the Red Cross -10 -6

    Result for the year after attribution to the ICRC and transfers from/- to reserves 49 4

    Note:
    Certain 2004 financial statement balances have been reclassified to conform to the presentation used in 2005.

    Establishment
    Pursuant to decision No. 5 of the Executive Board of 20 November
    1980, adopted by the Committee in December 1980.

    Purpose
    A fund in dollars, made up of one or more donations by the
    authorities of the Socialist People’s Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, the
    income of which is to be used to finance the ICRC’s general assis-
    tance and protection activities.

    Administration
    A Board composed of three ICRC representatives.

    398
    ICRC ANNUAL REPORT 2005

    10.7 PAUL REUTER FUND (in CHF ,000)

    BALANCE SHEET AS AT 31 DECEMBER 2005 2005 2004

    ASSETS
    Current assets
    Share of the overall capital of the special funds 627 581
    Total assets 627 581

    LIABILITIES AND RESERVES


    Current liabilities
    International Committee of the Red Cross, current account 12 18
    Total current liabilities 12 18

    Unrestricted reserves
    UNRESTRICTED RESERVE DESIGNATED BY THE ASSEMBLY OF THE ICRC
    Initial capital 200 200
    General reserve
    Balance brought forward 297 291
    Result for the year after transfers from/- to reserves 28 325 6 297
    Share of the overall provision for portfolio unrealized gain
    Balance brought forward 66 56
    Increase of unrealized gain during the year 24 90 10 66

    Total unrestricted reserves 615 563

    Total liabilities and reserves 627 581

    STATEMENT OF INCOME AND EXPENDITURE FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2005 2005 2004

    Income
    Share of net revenue from the overall capital of the special funds 39 7
    Total 39 7

    Expenditure
    Audit fees -1 -1
    Allocation to the Jean Pictet Competition -10
    Total -11 -1

    Result for the year before transfers from/- to reserves 28 6

    Allocation to unrestricted reserves - -

    Result for the year after transfers from/- to reserves 28 6

    Note:
    Certain 2004 financial statement balances have been reclassified to conform to the presentation used in 2005.

    Establishment Administration
    Pursuant to decision No. 1 of the Executive Board of 6 January 1983. a committee composed of one member of the ICRC, who is
    its chairman, and two members of the ICRC staff, appointed
    Purpose by the Directorate;
    The fund’s initial capital of CHF 200,000 donated by Prof. Paul two persons from outside the ICRC who, with the Committee
    Reuter (his Balzan prize) may be augmented by gifts or bequests. members, shall make up the Paul Reuter prize jury.
    The fund’s purpose is to:
    use the income to encourage and promote knowledge and
    dissemination of international humanitarian law;
    and to that effect award a prize every two years to reward
    work, assist in the implementation of a project or make a
    publication possible.

    399
    CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2005

    10.8 ICRC SPECIAL FUND FOR THE DISABLED (in CHF ,000)

    BALANCE SHEET AS AT 31 DECEMBER 2005 2005 2004

    ASSETS
    Current assets
    Cash and cash equivalents 944 1,756
    Securities 3,873 3,382
    Accounts receivable 538 143
    Accrued interest 28
    Total assets 5,383 5,281

    LIABILITIES AND RESERVES


    Current liabilities
    International Committee of the Red Cross, current acount 1,033 1,354
    Deferred income 310
    Total current liabilities 1,343 1,354

    RESTRICTED RESERVES
    Donors’ restricted contributions
    Balance brought forward 29 15
    Use for Addis Ababa project -29
    Use for Ho Chi Minh project -14
    Use for Dhaka project -1
    Allocation for Tirana project 0 29 29

    Total restricted reserves 0 29

    UNRESTRICTED RESERVES DESIGNATED BY THE BOARD


    Initial capital 1,000 1,000
    Provision for portfolio unrealized gain
    Balance brought forward 581 154
    Increase/- decrease of unrealized gain during the year -89 492 427 581
    General reserve
    Balance brought forward 2,317 2,654
    Use for Addis Ababa project -169 -313
    Use for Dhaka project -73 -136
    Result for the year after transfers from/- to reserves 473 2,548 112 2,317

    Total unrestricted reserves 4,040 3,898

    Total reserves 4,040 3,927

    Total liabilities and reserves 5,383 5,281

    Notes:
    1. Since 31 December 2004 securities have been recorded at fair market value; until then equities had been recorded at historical value
    and bonds at par value.
    2. Certain 2004 financial statement balances have been reclassified to conform to the presentation used in 2005.

    400
    ICRC ANNUAL REPORT 2005

    STATEMENT OF INCOME AND EXPENDITURE FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2005
    2005 2004
    Addis Ababa Ho Chi Minh Managua Dhaka Tirana General Total Total
    project project project project project

    Operating activities
    Contributions received in cash
    Governments
    Austria 75
    Canada 78 78 73
    Liechtenstein 50 50
    Norway 626 736 28 31 1,421 1,322
    Switzerland 200 200
    War victims fund/USAID 1,288 1,288 1,306
    National Societies
    Germany 8 8 8
    Ireland 2 2
    Japan 57 57
    Monaco 15 15 15
    New Zealand
    Norway 79 79 158 147
    Switzerland 500 500 500
    Turkey 5 5
    United Arab Emirates 13
    Private sources
    CR Equipement 61
    Pro-Victimis 47 47 113
    Opec 193 193
    Municipality of Coppet 1 1
    Various donors 14 14 6

    Contributions received in services


    National Societies
    France 43 43 17

    Total contributions 1,965 1,208 829 47 31 4,080 3,656

    Operating expenditure
    Cash expenditure -2,091 -1,208 -829 -120 -60 -4,308 -4,074
    Services expenditure -43 -43 -17

    Total operating expenditure -2,134 -1,208 -829 -120 -60 -4,351 -4,091

    Net result of operating activities -169 0 0 -73 -29 -271 -435

    Non-operating activities
    Financial income
    Securities income 129 129 99
    Bank interest 24 24
    Realized gain on securities 376 376 59
    Foreign exchange gain, net 11

    Total financial income 529 529 169

    Financial expenditure
    Bank charges -47 -47 -52
    Audit fees -7 -7 -5
    Foreign exchange loss, net -2 -2

    Total financial expenditure -56 -56 -57

    Net result of non-operating activities 473 473 112

    Result for the year before


    transfers from/- to reserves -169 0 0 -73 -29 473 202 -323

    401
    CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2005

    STATEMENT OF INCOME AND EXPENDITURE FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2005 (CONT.)
    2005 2004
    Addis Ababa Ho Chi Minh Managua Dhaka Tirana General Total Total
    project project project project project

    Use of restricted reserves


    Use of donors’ restricted
    contributions for Tirana
    project 29 29
    Use of donors’ restricted
    contributions for Ho Chi Minh
    project 14
    Use of donors’ restricted
    contributions for Dhaka project 1

    Total 0 0 0 0 29 29 15

    Use of unrestricted reserves


    Use of general reserve 169 73 242 449

    Allocation to restricted reserves


    Donors’ restricted contributions 0 -29

    Allocation to unrestricted reserves - -

    Result for the year after


    transfers from/- to reserves 0 0 0 0 0 473 473 112

    Establishment and initial objectives Legal status


    The year 1981 was declared by the United Nations to be the In January 2001, the ICRC Assembly converted the SFD into an
    “International Year for Disabled Persons”. The same year, when independent foundation under Swiss law. The primary objectives
    it met in Manila, the 24th International Conference of the Red of the “ICRC Special Fund for the Disabled” remained to a large
    Cross and Red Crescent adopted a resolution recommending that extent unchanged, i.e. to ensure the continuity of ICRC pro-
    “a special fund be formed for the benefit of the disabled and to grammes on behalf of the war-disabled and support physical
    promote the implementation of durable projects to aid disabled rehabilitation centres in developing countries.
    persons”. Pursuant to the ICRC Assembly’s decision No. 2 of
    19-20 October 1983 the Special Fund for the Disabled (SFD) was Although the SFD had become a more independent body, its
    subsequently established. Its objectives were twofold: programmes continued to be drawn up in accordance with
    to help finance long-term projects for disabled persons, ICRC operational policies in the countries concerned. However,
    in particular the creation of workshops for the production the statutes of the new Foundation also allowed the opening
    of artificial limbs and orthotic appliances, and centres for of its Board to members of other organizations and the SFD
    rehabilitation and occupational retraining; developed its own independent fundraising and financial man-
    to participate not only in ICRC and National Society projects, agement structure.
    but also in those of other humanitarian bodies working in
    accordance with ICRC criteria. Funding
    In 1983, the ICRC donated an initial one million Swiss francs to
    set up the Special Fund for the Disabled. Further support is since
    given to the SFD by various governments, a number of National
    Societies and by private and public sources.

    402
    ICRC ANNUAL REPORT 2005

    11. COMPARATIVE BALANCE SHEET AND STATEMENT OF INCOME AND EXPENDITURE


    FOR THE LAST FIVE YEARS (in CHF ,000)

    2005 2004 2003 2002 2001

    Balance sheet
    Current assets 486,287 332,265 355,503 305,284 300,932
    Non-current assets 93,668 88,132 85,294 76,896 76,514

    Total assets 579,955 420,397 440,797 382,180 377,446

    Liabilities -207,126 -120,427 -125,408 -128,308 -124,199

    Total net assets 372,829 299,970 315,389 255,812 253,247

    Funds and foundations 14,462 11,987 10,630 9,293 9,320


    Funding of current operations 22,998 -1,423 39,390 48 3,334
    Unrestricted reserves designated by the Assembly 320,969 275,006 250,969 232,071 226,193
    Other unrestricted reserves 14,400 14,400 14,400 14,400 14,400

    Total reserves (equities) 372,829 299,970 315,389 255,812 253,247

    Income and expenditure statement


    Contributions 959,652 757,757 895,899 788,325 829,745
    Operational expenditures -910,731 -782,211 -844,740 -781,703 -789,680

    Operational result 48,921 -24,454 51,159 6,622 40,065

    Net result of non-operational activities 23,938 9,035 8,418 -4,057 5,619

    Result for the year before transfers 72,859 -15,419 59,577 625 45,684

    Administrative cost 84,446 85,034 84,274 86,440 85,686

    Ratios
    Equities in % of assets 64.3% 71.4% 71.5% 66.9% 67.1%
    Administrative cost in % of operational expenditures 9.3% 10.9% 10.0% 11.1% 10.9%

    403
    ANNEX
    ANNEX ORGANIZATIONAL CHART

    INTERNATIONAL COMMITTEE OF THE RED CROSS

    Recruitment
    Commission
    Assembly Council
    ASSEMBLY
    Control Commission
    Assembly and Council PRESIDENCY
    Secretariat
    Internal Audit

    Planning, Monitoring
    Directorate and Evaluation
    Secretariat
    DIRECTORATE Private Sector

    Gender Equality
    Ombudsperson

    INTERNATIONAL LAW RESOURCES AND


    COMMUNICATION AND COOPERATION OPERATIONS OPERATIONAL HUMAN RESOURCES
    WITHIN THE MOVEMENT SUPPORT

    Production, Multimedia
    Legal External Resources HR Management Units
    and Distribution

    Policy and Cooperation


    Media Relations Finance and Delegation Employees
    within the Movement
    Administration Unit
    Relations with Armed
    Archives
    and Security Forces
    Logistics Staff Health
    International
    Education and
    Tracing Service
    Behaviour (Arolsen, Germany)
    Recruitment and
    Information Systems
    National Societies
    Library and Research
    Historical Research
    Service

    International Review Training


    Linguistics
    of the Red Cross
    Assistance

    Marketing HR Support Unit

    Humanitarian Tracing Agency


    Diplomacy and Protection
    Field Communication

    EUROPE AND MIDDLE EAST


    AFRICA ASIA AND THE PACIFIC
    THE AMERICAS AND NORTH AFRICA

    North
    East and America,
    Central Latin America
    Horn of Central and South-East Western, Eastern Gulf and
    West Africa and Southern and the Middle East
    Africa South Asia Asia and the Central and Europe North Africa
    Africa Caribbean
    Pacific South-Eastern
    Europe

    DELEGATIONS AND MISSIONS IN MORE THAN 80 COUNTRIES AROUND THE WORLD

    406
    structures 1
    ICRC
    decision-making
    ASSEMBLY Mr André von Moos, Doctor of Law, Bachelor of Economics,
    Harvard Business School SMP certificate, former Chairman of
    The Assembly is the supreme governing body of the ICRC, over- the von Moos Group, industrialist (1998).
    seeing all of its activities. The Assembly formulates policy, defines
    general objectives and institutional strategy and approves the Mr Olivier Vodoz, Bachelor of Law, barrister, former Deputy in
    budget and accounts. It delegates certain of its responsibilities to the Geneva Grand Conseil and former President of the Conseil
    the Assembly Council. Composed of between 15 and 25 members d’État of the Republic and Canton of Geneva (1998).3
    of the International Committee, the Assembly is collegial in
    character. Its president and two vice-presidents are the presi- Mrs Gabrielle Nanchen, Bachelor of Social Science from the
    dent and vice-presidents of the ICRC. The Assembly convenes University of Lausanne School of Social Studies, former member
    every two months. of the Swiss National Council (1998).

    Mr Jakob Kellenberger, President, Ph.D. from the University of Mr Jean de Courten, Bachelor of Law, former delegate and former
    Zurich, former Swiss Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs (1999), Director of Operations at the ICRC (1998).
    ICRC president since 2000.
    Mr Jean-Philippe Assal, Professor of Medicine, former head of
    Mrs Anne Petitpierre, Vice-President, Doctor of Law, barrister, the Division for Instruction in the Treatment of Chronic Diseases
    professor at the University of Geneva Law Faculty (1987).2 at the University of Geneva Faculty of Medicine (1999).

    Mr Jacques Forster, permanent Vice-President, Doctor of Mr Jean Abt, diplomas in agriculture and business, Lieutenant-
    Economics, professor at the Graduate Institute of Development General in the Swiss Army (retd.) (2001).
    Studies in Geneva (1988).
    Mr Yves Sandoz, Doctor of Law, lecturer at the University of
    Mr Paolo Bernasconi, Bachelor of Law, barrister, professor of Geneva, former Director of International Humanitarian Law and
    fiscal law and economic criminal law at the Universities of Principles at the ICRC (2002).
    St. Gallen, Zurich and Milan (Bocconi), former Public Prosecutor
    in Lugano (1987). Ms Claude Le Coultre, professor at the University of Geneva
    Faculty of Medicine, vice-dean in charge of humanitarian rela-
    Ms Susy Bruschweiler, nurse, former Director of the Swiss Red tions and cooperation with the countries of the South and East,
    Cross College of Nursing in Aarau, CEO S-V Group (1988). Geneva University Hospital delegate for humanitarian affairs
    (2004).
    Mr Jacques Moreillon, Bachelor of Law, Doctor of Political
    Science, former Secretary General of the World Organization of Mrs Christine Beerli, lawyer, Managing Director of the Technical
    the Scout Movement, former Director-General at the ICRC and Information Technology Departments of Bern University
    (1988). of Applied Sciences, former Senator (Swiss Council of States)
    (2005).
    Mr Daniel Thürer, Master of Law (Cambridge), Doctor of Law,
    professor at the University of Zurich (1991).

    Mr Ernst A. Brugger, Doctor of Natural Science, consultant for 1


    As at 31 December 2005
    economic development issues, professor at the University of 2
    Honorary member as of 1 January 2006
    Zurich (1995).2 3
    Vice-President as of 1 January 2006

    407
    ANNEX ICRC DECISION-MAKING STR UCTURES

    Ms Paola Ghillani, pharmacist from the University of Lausanne, Remuneration Commission


    certificate from the International Institute for Management Chaired by the president of the Control Commission, the
    Development (IMD) in Lausanne, businesswoman, former Remuneration Commission is composed of three members of the
    Director General of the Max Havelaar Foundation (Switzerland) International Committee. It sets the salaries and benefits of the
    (2005). president, the permanent vice-president, the directors and the
    head of Internal Audit.
    Honorary members: Mr Peter Arbenz, Mr Jean-François Aubert,
    Mrs Denise Bindschedler-Robert, Mr Georges-André Cuendet, Internal Audit
    Mr Max Daetwyler, Mr Josef Feldmann, Mr Athos Gallino, The Internal Audit helps the ICRC to accomplish its objectives by
    Mrs Renée Guisan, Mr Rodolphe de Haller, Mr Pierre Keller, using a systematic, disciplined approach to evaluate and improve
    Mrs Liselotte Kraus-Gurny, Mr Pierre Languetin, Mr Jakob the effectiveness of risk management, control and governance
    Nüesch, Mr Richard Pestalozzi, Ms Francesca Pometta, processes. The Internal Audit reports its findings directly to the
    Mr Eric Roethlisberger, Mr Alain Rossier, Mr Dietrich Schindler, president and the Control Commission, and issues recommenda-
    Mr Cornelio Sommaruga. tions to management. The head of Internal Audit is appointed by
    the Assembly.

    ASSEMBLY COUNCIL External Audit


    The Assembly appoints the external auditors for the ICRC’s finan-
    The Assembly Council is a subsidiary body of the Assembly and cial statements. The external auditors report their audit opinion
    comprises five members of the International Committee elected to the Assembly and prepare a management letter addressed to the
    by the Assembly. Chaired by the president of the ICRC, it prepares Directorate.
    the Assembly’s programme of activities and takes decisions on
    matters within its competence, particularly concerning strategic
    options relating to general policy on funding, personnel and com- DIRECTORATE
    munication. It serves as a link between the Directorate and the
    Assembly, to which it reports regularly. The Assembly Council The Directorate is the executive body of the ICRC, responsible for
    meets on a monthly basis. applying and ensuring implementation of the general objectives
    and institutional strategy defined by the Assembly or the Assembly
    Mr Jakob Kellenberger, President Council. The Directorate is also responsible for the smooth run-
    Mr Jacques Forster, permanent Vice-President ning of the ICRC and for the efficiency of its staff as a whole.
    Mr Jean Abt, member of the Committee
    Mr Jean de Courten, member of the Committee The Director-General sets the administration’s general priorities,
    Mr Jacques Moreillon, member of the Committee directs the decision-making process and supervises the imple-
    mentation of the decisions taken. The Director-General is account-
    able to the Presidency and the Assembly as regards the Directorate’s
    PRESIDENCY objectives and activities and the results achieved.

    The Presidency is composed of the president, one permanent Mr Angelo Gnaedinger, Director-General
    vice-president and one non-permanent vice-president. The Mr Francois Bugnion, Director for International Law and
    president of the ICRC has primary responsibility for the organi- Cooperation within the Movement
    zation’s external relations. As president of the Assembly and of Mr Yves Daccord, Director of Communication
    the Assembly Council, he ensures that the spheres of competence Mr Pierre Krähenbühl, Director of Operations
    of these two bodies are safeguarded. The president maintains a Ms Doris Pfister, Director of Resources and Operational Support
    standing dialogue with the Directorate on all activities conducted Mr Jacques Stroun, Director of Human Resources
    by the ICRC.

    COMMISSIONS AND BODIES APPOINTED


    BY THE ASSEMBLY

    Control Commission
    The Control Commission is composed of five members of the
    International Committee who are not members of the Assembly
    Council. It assists the Assembly in overseeing the work of the
    organization. It controls the implementation of Assembly deci-
    sions and ensures that ICRC activities are conducted efficiently.
    The Commission reviews the reports of the external and internal
    auditors, and monitors implementation of the audit recommen-
    dations. It meets six to eight times per year.

    Recruitment Commission
    The Recruitment Commission is composed of members of the
    International Committee. It handles matters relating to the
    Committee’s composition and submits proposals to the Assembly
    for the co-optation of new members.

    408
    advisers
    international
    ADVISERS FOR THE PERIOD 2004–2007 Respect for IHL in situations of asymmetric violence;
    (6TH GROUP) the worrisome weakening of the principle of distinction and
    new features in tactical warfare.
    The purpose of the Group of International Advisers, set up by
    the ICRC for a four-year period to provide it with counsel and The privatization of war and outsourcing of military tasks;
    support in its activities and policy decisions, is to seek appropri- implications stemming from the ever increasing diversity
    ate ways to enhance respect for international humanitarian law of tasks and responsibilities given to private military compa-
    (IHL) in times of conflict, to help the ICRC better understand and nies by the States hiring them. The need for regulation:
    deal with the political issues it encounters in carrying out its man- market self-regulation by the private sector versus State-
    date and to assist it in assessing the environment for humanitarian imposed regulation.
    endeavour.
    The study on customary international humanitarian law:
    The 2004–2007 Group follows on five previous groups of advisers its importance and the dissemination of its findings. Two key
    that have assisted the ICRC since 1984. It meets twice a year for con- elements emerge from the study: most of the provisions of
    fidential discussions with the ICRC leadership and is composed of Additional Protocol I reflect customary rules, and these rules
    twelve individuals with confirmed international experience: are applicable both in international and non-international
    armed conflicts.
    Professor Ridwan AL-SAYYID (Lebanon)
    Mr Jayantha DHANAPALA (Sri Lanka) Coordination among humanitarian actors: the need for
    Ms Bineta DIOP (Senegal) and constraints of coordination; the integrated approach and
    Mr Bronislaw GEREMEK (Poland) the risk that the boundaries between humanitarian and
    Brigadier Titus Kamau GITHIORA (Kenya) military action will be blurred; the position of the ICRC as
    Mr Andrey A. KOKOSHIN (Russia) an organization closely cooperating with the UN and partici-
    Professor Djamchid MOMTAZ (Iran) pating as an observer in several of its forums, but nevertheless
    Mr George E. MOOSE (USA) remaining outside the UN system in order to maintain its
    Ms Sadako OGATA (Japan) independence.
    Professor Paulo Sérgio PINHEIRO (Brazil)
    Mr Ahmed RASHID (Pakistan) UN reform and its implications for the ICRC: the importance
    General (Retired) Sir Rupert A. SMITH (UK) of the main recent UN policy reports (the High-level
    Panel’s A more secure world: our shared responsibility and
    In 2005, the Group met in March and in August with members of the Secretary-General’s In Larger Freedom); the question of
    the International Committee and the Directorate. The following the definition of terrorism; the proposal to transform the
    topics were discussed: Commission on Human Rights into a permanent body and
    the ICRC’s relationship with UNHCHR.
    General trends in the conflict environment and the main
    challenges facing the ICRC in 2005, particularly in Asia and The comments and suggestions made during these meetings pro-
    the Middle East; the diversity of conflict typology; the link vided valuable input to the ICRC’s planning and policy-making
    between local, regional and global trends; the growing role process.
    played by regional organizations; the possible consequences
    of rising military expenditure and of the oil price boom;
    the political reforms taking shape in certain countries.

    409
    the ICRC and the
    international
    red cross and
    red crescent
    movement
    The International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement is made revision of National Society statutes, together with the
    up of the National Societies, the ICRC and the International International Federation;
    Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies. Although supporting National Societies in their efforts to adhere
    each of the Movement’s components engages in different activi- at all times to the Fundamental Principles, together with the
    ties, they are all united by the same Fundamental Principles: International Federation.
    humanity, impartiality, neutrality, independence, voluntary service,
    unity and universality. Finally, the ICRC acts as lead agency, coordinating the inter-
    national relief operations conducted by the Red Cross and Red
    As the founding institution of the Movement, the ICRC has cer- Crescent in situations of international and non-international
    tain statutory responsibilities towards the other components. In armed conflict, internal strife and their direct results, as well as
    particular, it is responsible for ensuring respect for and promot- in situations of armed conflict concomitant with natural or
    ing knowledge of the Fundamental Principles, recognizing new technological disasters.
    National Red Cross or Red Crescent Societies which meet the
    current conditions for recognition, and discharging the mandates
    entrusted to it by the International Conference of the Red Cross
    and Red Crescent. The ICRC is actively involved in the organiza-
    tion of the Council of Delegates and the International Conference
    of the Red Cross and Red Crescent.

    National Societies in their own country and the ICRC both have
    the mandate to assist the victims of armed conflicts. National
    Societies are the main operational partners of the ICRC, partic-
    ularly in the fields of relief assistance and re-establishment of
    family links.

    While fully respecting the International Federation’s competence


    in the matter, the ICRC contributes to the development of
    National Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies in the following
    areas:
    disseminating knowledge of international humanitarian law
    and the Fundamental Principles;
    involvement of National Societies in measures taken to
    promote international humanitarian law and ensure its
    implementation;
    preparation of the National Societies for their activities in
    the event of conflict and internal strife ;
    re-establishment of family links;
    technical and legal assistance in establishing and reconstituting
    National Societies;

    410
    legal bases
    The work of the ICRC is based on the four Geneva Conventions In situations of armed conflict that are not international in
    of 1949 and their two Additional Protocols of 1977, the Statutes of character, the ICRC enjoys a right of humanitarian initiative
    the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement, and the recognized by the international community and enshrined
    resolutions of the International Conferences of the Red Cross and in Article 3 common to the four Geneva Conventions.
    Red Crescent. The ICRC’s mission is to provide the victims of In the event of internal disturbances and tensions, and in
    armed conflict with protection and assistance. To that end, the any other situation that warrants humanitarian action, the
    ICRC takes direct and immediate action in response to emergency ICRC also enjoys a right of initiative, which is affirmed and
    situations, while at the same time promoting preventive meas- recognized in the Statutes of the International Red Cross
    ures, such as the dissemination and national implementation of and Red Crescent Movement. Thus, wherever international
    international humanitarian law. humanitarian law does not apply, the ICRC may offer its
    services to governments without that offer constituting inter-
    It was on the ICRC’s initiative that States adopted the original ference in the internal affairs of the State concerned.
    Geneva Convention of 1864. Since then, the ICRC, with the sup-
    port of the entire Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement, has
    put constant pressure on governments to adapt international UNIVERSAL ACCEPTANCE OF THE GENEVA
    humanitarian law to changing circumstances, in particular to CONVENTIONS AND THEIR ADDITIONAL
    modern developments in the means and methods of warfare, so PROTOCOLS
    as to provide more effective protection and assistance for conflict
    victims. By the end of 2005, a total of 192 States were party to the four
    1949 Geneva Conventions. During the year, Timor-Leste acceded
    Today, virtually all States are bound by the four Geneva Conventions to Protocols I and II additional to the Geneva Conventions
    of 1949, which, in times of armed conflict, protect wounded, sick (12 April 2005) and Qatar acceded to Protocol II. This brought the
    and shipwrecked members of the armed forces, prisoners of war number of States party to Additional Protocol I and Additional
    and civilians. Protocol II to 163 and 159 respectively.

    Over three-quarters of all States are currently party to the two A total of 68 States were party to Article 90 of Additional Protocol I
    Protocols additional to the Geneva Conventions. Protocol I pro- which provides for the establishment of an International Fact-
    tects the victims of international armed conflicts, while Protocol II Finding Commission to enquire into allegations of serious vio-
    protects the victims of non-international armed conflicts. These lations of humanitarian law.
    instruments have in particular codified the rules protecting the
    civilian population against the effects of hostilities.

    The legal bases of any action undertaken by the ICRC may be


    summed up as follows:

    The four Geneva Conventions and Additional Protocol I


    confer on the ICRC a specific mandate to act in the event
    of international armed conflict. In particular, the ICRC has
    the right to visit prisoners of war and civilian internees. The
    Conventions also give the ICRC a broad right of initiative.

    411
    and their
    states party
    to the geneva
    conventions
    additional
    protocols
    This map shows which States were party to the
    1949 Geneva Conventions and to their 1977 Additional
    Protocols, as at 31 December 2005.
    It also indicates which States had made the optional declaration
    under Article 90 of 1977 Additional Protocol I, recognizing the
    competence of the International Fact-Finding Commission.

    N.B.: The names of the countries given on this map may differ from their official names.

    412
    ICRC ANNUAL REPORT 2005

    States party to the


    1949 Geneva Conventions: 192

    States party to the 1949 Geneva Conventions


    and to 1977 Additional Protocol I: 163

    States party to the 1949 Geneva Conventions


    and to 1977 Additional Protocol II: 159
    EXPENDITURE IN CHF
    States party to the 1949 Geneva Conventions 1 Netherlands*
    2 Luxembourg*
    and to both Additional Protocols: 157
    3 Switzerland*
    4 Liechtenstein*
    States having made the declaration
    Name of the State * 5 Slovenia*
    under Article 90 of 1997 68 6 Croatia*
    7 Bosnia and Herzegovina*
    States not party to the 8 Serbia and Montenegro*
    [ Name of the State ] Geneva Conventions and Protocols 9 FYR of Macedonia*

    413
    ANNEX STATES PARTY TO THE GENEVA CONVENTIONS AND THEIR ADDITIONAL PROTOCOLS

    ABBREVIATIONS independence. The 1949 Geneva Conventions entered into force


    on 21 October 1950. The 1977 Protocols entered into force on
    R/A/S = Ratification: a treaty is generally open for signature for 7 December 1978.
    a certain time following the conference which has adopted it.
    However, a signature is not binding on a State unless it has been
    endorsed by ratification. The time limits having elapsed, the NAMES OF COUNTRIES
    Conventions and the Protocols are no longer open for signature.
    The States which have not signed them may at any time accede or, The names of countries given in the following list may differ from
    in the appropriate circumstances, succeed to them. the official names of States.

    Accession: instead of signing and then ratifying a treaty, a State


    may become party to it by the single act called accession. UPDATE SINCE 31.12.2004

    Succession (declaration of ): a newly independent State may Ratifications, accessions or successions to Additional Protocol I:
    declare that it will abide by a treaty which was applicable to it
    prior to its independence. A State may also declare that it will Timor-Leste 12.04.2005
    provisionally abide by such treaties during the time it deems nec-
    essary to examine their texts carefully and to decide on accession Ratifications, accessions or successions to Additional Protocol II:
    or succession to some or all of the said treaties (declaration of
    provisional application of the treaties). At present no State is Timor-Leste 12.04.2005
    bound by such a declaration. Qatar 05.01.2005

    R/D = Reservation/Declaration: unilateral statement, however


    phrased or named, made by a State when ratifying, acceding or TOTALS
    succeeding to a treaty, whereby it purports to exclude or to mod-
    ify the legal effect of certain provisions of the treaty in their Number of States Parties to the Geneva Conventions of 1949: 192
    application to that State (provided that such reservations are not
    incompatible with the object and purpose of the treaty). Number of States Parties to the Additional Protocol I: 163

    D90 = Declaration provided for under article 90 of Protocol I Number of States having made the declaration under Article 90: 68
    (prior acceptance of the competence of the International Fact-
    Finding Commission). Number of States Parties to the Additional Protocol II: 159

    Number of States Members of the United Nations: 191


    DATES
    States Members of the UN or Parties to the Statute of the
    The dates indicated are those on which the Swiss Federal International Court of Justice, not party to the 1949 Geneva
    Department of Foreign Affairs received the official instrument Conventions: NAURU.
    from the State that was ratifying, acceding to or succeeding to the
    Conventions or Protocols or accepting the competence of the
    Commission provided for under Article 90 of Protocol I. They
    thus represent neither the date on which ratification, accession,
    succession or acceptance of the Commission was decided upon
    by the State concerned nor that on which the corresponding
    instrument was sent.

    N.B.: The dates given for succession to the Geneva Conventions


    by THE DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO, THE
    REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO, JAMAICA, MADAGASCAR,
    MAURITANIA, NIGER, NIGERIA, RWANDA, SENEGAL, and
    SIERRA LEONE used to be those on which the corresponding
    instruments had been officially adopted. They have now been
    replaced by the dates on which the depositary received those
    instruments.

    ENTRY INTO FORCE

    Except as mentioned in footnotes at the end of the tables, for all


    States the entry into force of the Conventions and of the Protocols
    occurs six months after the date given in the present document;
    for States which have made a declaration of succession, entry into
    force takes place retroactively, on the day of their accession to

    414
    ICRC ANNUAL REPORT 2005

    STATES PARTY TO THE GENEVA CONVENTIONS AND THEIR ADDITIONAL PROTOCOLS

    GENEVA CONVENTIONS PROTOCOL I PROTOCOL II


    Country R/A/S R/D R/A/S R/D D90 R/A/S R/D
    Afghanistan 26.09.1956 R
    Albania 27.05.1957 R X 16.07.1993 A 16.07.1993 A
    Algeria 20.06.1960 A 16.08.1989 A X 16.08.1989 16.08.1989 A
    03.07.1962 A 16.08.1989 A X 16.08.1989 16.08.1989 A
    Andorra 17.09.1993 A
    Angola 20.09.1984 A X 20.09.1984 A X
    Antigua and Barbuda 06.10.1986 S 06.10.1986 A 06.10.1986 A
    Argentina 18.09.1956 R 26.11.1986 A X 11.10.1996 26.11.1986 A X
    Armenia 07.06.1993 A 07.06.1993 A 07.06.1993 A
    Australia 14.10.1958 R X 21.06.1991 R X 23.09.1992 21.06.1991 R
    Austria 27.08.1953 R 13.08.1982 R X 13.08.1982 13.08.1982 R X
    Azerbaijan 01.06.1993 A
    Bahamas 11.07.1975 S 10.04.1980 A 10.04.1980 A
    Bahrain 30.11.1971 A 30.10.1986 A 30.10.1986 A
    Bangladesh 04.04.1972 S 08.09.1980 A 08.09.1980 A
    Barbados 10.09.1968 S X 19.02.1990 A 19.02.1990 A
    Belarus 03.08.1954 R 23.10.1989 R 23.10.1989 23.10.1989 R
    Belgium 03.09.1952 R 20.05.1986 R X 27.03.1987 20.05.1986 R
    Belize 29.06.1984 A 29.06.1984 A 29.06.1984 A
    Benin 14.12.1961 S 28.05.1986 A 28.05.1986 A
    Bhutan 10.01.1991 A
    Bolivia 10.12.1976 R 08.12.1983 A 10.08.1992 08.12.1983 A
    Bosnia and Herzegovina 31.12.1992 S 31.12.1992 S 31.12.1992 31.12.1992 S
    Botswana 29.03.1968 A 23.05.1979 A 23.05.1979 A
    Brazil 29.06.1957 R 05.05.1992 A 23.11.1993 05.05.1992 A
    Brunei Darussalam 14.10.1991 A 14.10.1991 A 14.10.1991 A
    Bulgaria 22.07.1954 R 26.09.1989 R 09.05.1994 26.09.1989 R
    Burkina Faso 07.11.1961 S 20.10.1987 R 24.05.2004 20.10.1987 R
    Burundi 27.12.1971 S 10.06.1993 A 10.06.1993 A
    Cambodia 08.12.1958 A 14.01.1998 A 14.01.1998 A
    Cameroon 16.09.1963 S 16.03.1984 A 16.03.1984 A
    Canada 14.05.1965 R 20.11.1990 R X 20.11.1990 20.11.1990 R X
    Cape Verde 11.05.1984 A 16.03.1995 A 16.03.1995 16.03.1995 A
    Central African Republic 01.08.1966 S 17.07.1984 A 17.07.1984 A
    Chad 05.08.1970 A 17.01.1997 A 17.01.1997 A
    Chile 12.10.1950 R 24.04.1991 R 24.04.1991 24.04.1991 R
    China 28.12.1956 R X 14.09.1983 A X 14.09.1983 A
    Colombia 08.11.1961 R 01.09.1993 A 17.04.1996 14.08.1995 A
    Comoros 21.11.1985 A 21.11.1985 A 21.11.1985 A
    Congo, Democratic Republic of 24.02.1961 S 03.06.1982 A 12.12.2002 12.12.2002 A
    Congo 04.02.1967 S 10.11.1983 A 10.11.1983 A
    Cook Islands 11.06.2001 S 07.05.2002 A 07.05.2002 07.05.2002 A
    Costa Rica 15.10.1969 A 15.12.1983 A 02.12.1999 15.12.1983 A
    Côte d’Ivoire 28.12.1961 S 20.09.1989 R 20.09.1989 R
    Croatia 11.05.1992 S 11.05.1992 S 11.05.1992 11.05.1992 S
    Cuba 15.04.1954 R 25.11.1982 A 23.12.1999 A
    Cyprus 23.05.1962 A 01.06.1979 R 14.10.2002 18.03.1996 A
    Czech Republic 05.02.1993 S X 05.02.1993 S 02.05.1995 05.02.1993 S
    Denmark 27.06.1951 R 17.06.1982 R X 17.06.1982 17.06.1982 R
    Djibouti 06.03.1978 S 08.04.1991 A 08.04.1991 A
    Dominica 28.09.1981 S 25.04.1996 A 25.04.1996 A
    Dominican Republic 22.01.1958 A 26.05.1994 A 26.05.1994 A
    Ecuador 11.08.1954 R 10.04.1979 R 10.04.1979 R
    Egypt 10.11.1952 R 09.10.1992 R X 09.10.1992 R X
    El Salvador 17.06.1953 R 23.11.1978 R 23.11.1978 R
    Equatorial Guinea 24.07.1986 A 24.07.1986 A 24.07.1986 A
    Eritrea 14.08.2000 A
    Estonia 18.01.1993 A 18.01.1993 A 18.01.1993 A
    Ethiopia 02.10.1969 R 08.04.1994 A 08.04.1994 A
    Fiji 09.08.1971 S
    Finland 22.02.1955 R 07.08.1980 R X 07.08.1980 07.08.1980 R
    France 28.06.1951 R 11.04.2001 A X 24.02.1984 A X

    415
    ANNEX STATES PARTY TO THE GENEVA CONVENTIONS AND THEIR ADDITIONAL PROTOCOLS

    STATES PARTY TO THE GENEVA CONVENTIONS AND THEIR ADDITIONAL PROTOCOLS (cont.)

    GENEVA CONVENTIONS PROTOCOL I PROTOCOL II


    Country R/A/S R/D R/A/S R/D D90 R/A/S R/D
    Gabon 26.02.1965 S 08.04.1980 A 08.04.1980 A
    Gambia 20.10.1966 S 12.01.1989 A 12.01.1989 A
    Georgia 14.09.1993 A 14.09.1993 A 14.09.1993 A
    Germany 03.09.1954 A X 14.02.1991 R X 14.02.1991 14.02.1991 R X
    Ghana 02.08.1958 A 28.02.1978 R 28.02.1978 R
    Greece 05.06.1956 R 31.03.1989 R 04.02.1998 15.02.1993 A
    Grenada 13.04.1981 S 23.09.1998 A 23.09.1998 A
    Guatemala 14.05.1952 R 19.10.1987 R 19.10.1987 R
    Guinea 11.07.1984 A 11.07.1984 A 20.12.1993 11.07.1984 A
    Guinea-Bissau 21.02.1974 A X 21.10.1986 A 21.10.1986 A
    Guyana 22.07.1968 S 18.01.1988 A 18.01.1988 A
    Haiti 11.04.1957 A
    Holy See 22.02.1951 R 21.11.1985 R X 21.11.1985 R X
    Honduras 31.12.1965 A 16.02.1995 R 16.02.1995 R
    Hungary 03.08.1954 R X 12.04.1989 R 23.09.1991 12.04.1989 R
    Iceland 10.08.1965 A 10.04.1987 R X 10.04.1987 10.04.1987 R
    India 09.11.1950 R
    Indonesia 30.09.1958 A
    Iran, Islamic Republic of 20.02.1957 R X
    Iraq 14.02.1956 A
    Ireland 27.09.1962 R 19.05.1999 R X 19.05.1999 19.05.1999 R X
    Israel 06.07.1951 R X
    Italy 17.12.1951 R 27.02.1986 R X 27.02.1986 27.02.1986 R
    Jamaica 20.07.1964 S 29.07.1986 A 29.07.1986 A
    Japan 21.04.1953 A 31.08.2004 A X 31.08.2004 31.08.2004 A
    Jordan 29.05.1951 A 01.05.1979 R 01.05.1979 R
    Kazakhstan 05.05.1992 S 05.05.1992 S 05.05.1992 S
    Kenya 20.09.1966 A 23.02.1999 A 23.02.1999 A
    Kiribati 05.01.1989 S
    Korea, Democratic People’s Republic of 27.08.1957 A X 09.03.1988 A
    Korea, Republic of 16.08.1966 A X 15.01.1982 R X 16.04.2004 15.01.1982 R
    Kuwait 02.09.1967 A X 17.01.1985 A 17.01.1985 A
    Kyrgyzstan 18.09.1992 S 18.09.1992 S 18.09.1992 S
    Lao People’s Democratic Republic 29.10.1956 A 18.11.1980 R 30.01.1998 18.11.1980 R
    Latvia 24.12.1991 A 24.12.1991 A 24.12.1991 A
    Lebanon 10.04.1951 R 23.07.1997 A 23.07.1997 A
    Lesotho 20.05.1968 S 20.05.1994 A 20.05.1994 A
    Liberia 29.03.1954 A 30.06.1988 A 30.06.1988 A
    Libyan Arab Jamahiriya 22.05.1956 A 07.06.1978 A 07.06.1978 A
    Liechtenstein 21.09.1950 R 10.08.1989 R X 10.08.1989 10.08.1989 R X
    Lithuania 03.10.1996 A 13.07.2000 A 13.07.2000 13.07.2000 A
    Luxembourg 01.07.1953 R 29.08.1989 R 12.05.1993 29.08.1989 R
    Macedonia, Former Yugoslav Republic of 01.09.1993 S X 01.09.1993 S X 01.09.1993 01.09.1993 S
    Madagascar 18.07.1963 S 08.05.1992 R 27.07.1993 08.05.1992 R
    Malawi 05.01.1968 A 07.10.1991 A 07.10.1991 A
    Malaysia 24.08.1962 A
    Maldives 18.06.1991 A 03.09.1991 A 03.09.1991 A
    Mali 24.05.1965 A 08.02.1989 A 09.05.2003 08.02.1989 A
    Malta 22.08.1968 S 17.04.1989 A X 17.04.1989 17.04.1989 A X
    Marshall Islands 01.06.2004 A
    Mauritania 30.10.1962 S 14.03.1980 A 14.03.1980 A
    Mauritius 18.08.1970 S 22.03.1982 A 22.03.1982 A
    Mexico 29.10.1952 R 10.03.1983 A
    Micronesia, Federated States of 19.09.1995 A 19.09.1995 A 19.09.1995 A
    Moldova, Republic of 24.05.1993 A 24.05.1993 A 24.05.1993 A
    Monaco 05.07.1950 R 07.01.2000 A 07.01.2000 A
    Mongolia 20.12.1958 A 06.12.1995 R X 06.12.1995 06.12.1995 R
    Morocco 26.07.1956 A
    Mozambique 14.03.1983 A 14.03.1983 A 12.11.2002 A
    Myanmar 25.08.1992 A
    Namibia 22.08.1991 S 17.06.1994 A 21.07.1994 17.06.1994 A
    Nepal 07.02.1964 A

    416
    ICRC ANNUAL REPORT 2005

    STATES PARTY TO THE GENEVA CONVENTIONS AND THEIR ADDITIONAL PROTOCOLS (cont.)

    GENEVA CONVENTIONS PROTOCOL I PROTOCOL II


    Country R/A/S R/D R/A/S R/D D90 R/A/S R/D
    Netherlands 03.08.1954 R 26.06.1987 R X 26.06.1987 26.06.1987 R
    New Zealand 02.05.1959 R X 08.02.1988 R X 08.02.1988 08.02.1988 R
    Nicaragua 17.12.1953 R
    Niger 21.04.1964 S 08.06.1979 R 08.06.1979 R
    Nigeria 20.06.1961 S 10.10.1988 A 10.10.1988 A
    Norway 03.08.1951 R 14.12.1981 R 14.12.1981 14.12.1981 R
    Oman 31.01.1974 A 29.03.1984 A X 29.03.1984 A X
    Pakistan 12.06.1951 R X
    Palau 25.06.1996 A 25.06.1996 A 25.06.1996 A
    Panama 10.02.1956 A 18.09.1995 R 26.10.1999 18.09.1995 R
    Papua New Guinea 26.05.1976 S
    Paraguay 23.10.1961 R 30.11.1990 A 30.01.1998 30.11.1990 A
    Peru 15.02.1956 R 14.07.1989 R 14.07.1989 R
    Philippines 06.10.1952 R 11.12.1986 A
    Poland 26.11.1954 R X 23.10.1991 R 02.10.1992 23.10.1991 R
    Portugal 14.03.1961 R X 27.05.1992 R 01.07.1994 27.05.1992 R
    Qatar 15.10.1975 A 05.04.1988 A X 24.09.1991 05.01.2005 A
    Romania 01.06.1954 R 21.06.1990 R 31.05.1995 21.06.1990 R
    Russian Federation 10.05.1954 R X 29.09.1989 R X 29.09.1989 29.09.1989 R X
    Rwanda 05.05.1964 S 19.11.1984 A 08.07.1993 19.11.1984 A
    Saint Kitts and Nevis 14.02.1986 S 14.02.1986 A 14.02.1986 A
    Saint Lucia 18.09.1981 S 07.10.1982 A 07.10.1982 A
    Saint Vincent Grenadines 01.04.1981 A 08.04.1983 A 08.04.1983 A
    Samoa 23.08.1984 S 23.08.1984 A 23.08.1984 A
    San Marino 29.08.1953 A 05.04.1994 R 05.04.1994 R
    Sao Tome and Principe 21.05.1976 A 05.07.1996 A 05.07.1996 A
    Saudi Arabia 18.05.1963 A 21.08.1987 A X 28.11.2001 A
    Senegal 18.05.1963 S 07.05.1985 R 07.05.1985 R
    Serbia and Montenegro 16.10.2001 S 16.10.2001 S 16.10.2001 16.10.2001 S
    Seychelles 08.11.1984 A 08.11.1984 A 22.05.1992 08.11.1984 A
    Sierra Leone 10.06.1965 S 21.10.1986 A 21.10.1986 A
    Singapore 27.04.1973 A
    Slovakia 02.04.1993 S X 02.04.1993 S 13.03.1995 02.04.1993 S
    Slovenia 26.03.1992 S 26.03.1992 S 26.03.1992 26.03.1992 S
    Solomon Islands 06.07.1981 S 19.09.1988 A 19.09.1988 A
    Somalia 12.07.1962 A
    South Africa 31.03.1952 A 21.11.1995 A 21.11.1995 A
    Spain 04.08.1952 R 21.04.1989 R X 21.04.1989 21.04.1989 R
    Sri Lanka 28.02.1959 R
    Sudan 23.09.1957 A
    Suriname 13.10.1976 S X 16.12.1985 A 16.12.1985 A
    Swaziland 28.06.1973 A 02.11.1995 A 02.11.1995 A
    Sweden 28.12.1953 R 31.08.1979 R X 31.08.1979 31.08.1979 R
    Switzerland 31.03.1950 R 17.02.1982 R X 17.02.1982 17.02.1982 R
    Syrian Arab Republic 02.11.1953 R 14.11.1983 A X
    Tajikistan 13.01.1993 S 13.01.1993 S 10.09.1997 13.01.1993 S
    Tanzania, United Republic of 12.12.1962 S 15.02.1983 A 15.02.1983 A
    Thailand 29.12.1954 A
    Timor-Leste 08.05.2003 A 12.04.2005 A 12.04.2005 A
    Togo 06.01.1962 S 21.06.1984 R 21.11.1991 21.06.1984 R
    Tonga 13.04.1978 S 20.01.2003 A 20.01.2003 20.01.2003 A
    Trinidad and Tobago 24.09.1963 A 20.07.2001 A 20.07.2001 20.07.2001 A
    Tunisia 04.05.1957 A 09.08.1979 R 09.08.1979 R
    Turkey 10.02.1954 R
    Turkmenistan 10.04.1992 S 10.04.1992 S 10.04.1992 S
    Tuvalu 19.02.1981 S
    Uganda 18.05.1964 A 13.03.1991 A 13.03.1991 A
    Ukraine 03.08.1954 R X 25.01.1990 R 25.01.1990 25.01.1990 R
    United Arab Emirates 10.05.1972 A 09.03.1983 A X 06.03.1992 09.03.1983 A X
    United Kingdom 23.09.1957 R X 28.01.1998 R X 17.05.1999 28.01.1998 R
    United States of America 02.08.1955 R X
    Uruguay 05.03.1969 R X 13.12.1985 A 17.07.1990 13.12.1985 A

    417
    ANNEX STATES PARTY TO THE GENEVA CONVENTIONS AND THEIR ADDITIONAL PROTOCOLS

    STATES PARTY TO THE GENEVA CONVENTIONS AND THEIR ADDITIONAL PROTOCOLS (cont.)

    GENEVA CONVENTIONS PROTOCOL I PROTOCOL II


    Country R/A/S R/D R/A/S R/D D90 R/A/S R/D
    Uzbekistan 08.10.1993 A 08.10.1993 A 08.10.1993 A
    Vanuatu 27.10.1982 A 28.02.1985 A 28.02.1985 A
    Venezuela 13.02.1956 R 23.07.1998 A 23.07.1998 A
    Vietnam 28.06.1957 A X 19.10.1981 R
    Yemen 16.07.1970 A X 17.04.1990 R 17.04.1990 R
    Zambia 19.10.1966 A 04.05.1995 A 04.05.1995 A
    Zimbabwe 07.03.1983 A 19.10.1992 A 19.10.1992 A

    NOTES Republic of Korea


    The Geneva Conventions entered into force on 23.09.66, the
    Djibouti Republic of Korea having invoked Art.62/61/141/157 common
    Djibouti’s declaration of succession in respect of the First respectively to the First, Second, Third and Fourth Conventions
    Convention was dated 26.01.78. (immediate effect).

    France Sri Lanka


    On accession to Protocol II, France made a communication Accession to the Fourth Geneva Convention on 23 February 1959
    concerning Protocol I. (Ceylon had signed only the First, Second, and Third Conventions).

    Ghana Switzerland
    Entry into force of Protocols I and II on 07.12.78. Entry into force of the Geneva Conventions on 21.10.50.

    Namibia Trinidad and Tobago


    An instrument of accession to the Geneva Conventions and their Accession to the First Geneva Convention on 17.03.1963.
    Additional Protocols was deposited by the United Nations Council
    for Namibia on 18.10.83. In an instrument deposited on 22.08.91,
    Namibia declared its succession to the Geneva Conventions, which
    were previously applicable pursuant to South Africa’s accession
    on 31.03.52.

    Palestine
    On 21 June 1989, the Swiss Federal Department of Foreign Affairs
    received a letter from the Permanent Observer of Palestine to the
    United Nations Office in Geneva informing the Swiss Federal
    Council “that the Executive Committee of the Palestine Liberation
    Organization, entrusted with the functions of the Government of
    the State of Palestine by decision of the Palestine National
    Council, decided, on 4 May 1989, to adhere to the Four Geneva
    Conventions of 12 August 1949 and the two Protocols additional
    thereto”.

    On 13 September 1989, the Swiss Federal Council informed the


    States that it was not in a position to decide whether the letter
    constituted an instrument of accession, “due to the uncertainty
    within the international community as to the existence or non-
    existence of a State of Palestine”.

    Philippines
    The First Geneva Convention was ratified on 7.03.1951.

    418
    MISSION
    This report is primarily an account of the ICRC’s work in the field
    and its activities to promote international humanitarian law. The International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC)
    Mention is made of some of the negotiations entered into with a is an impartial, neutral and independent organization
    view to bringing protection and assistance to the victims of inter- whose exclusively humanitarian mission is to protect the
    national and civil wars and internal disturbances and tension. lives and dignity of victims of war and internal violence
    Other negotiations are not mentioned, since the ICRC feels that and to provide them with assistance. It directs and
    any publicity would not be in the interests of the victims. Thus, coordinates the international relief activities conducted by
    this report cannot be regarded as covering all the institution’s the Movement in situations of conflict. It also endeavours
    efforts worldwide to come to the aid of the victims of conflict. to prevent suffering by promoting and strengthening
    humanitarian law and universal humanitarian principles.
    Moreover, the length of the text devoted to a given country or Established in 1863, the ICRC is at the origin of the
    situation is not necessarily proportional to the magnitude of the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement.
    problems observed and tackled by the institution. Indeed, there
    are cases which are a source of grave humanitarian concern but on
    which the ICRC is not in a position to report because it has been
    denied permission to take action. By the same token, the description
    of operations in which the ICRC has great freedom of action takes up
    considerable space, regardless of the scale of the problems involved.

    The maps in this report are for illustrative purposes only and do
    not express an opinion on the part of the ICRC.

    All figures in this report are in Swiss francs (CHF). In 2005, the
    average exchange rate was CHF 1.2374 to USD 1, and CHF 1.5475
    to EUR 1.
    0879/002 05.2006 2,700

    ANNUAL REPORT 2005


    ANNUAL REPORT 2005

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