Water in general is moving towards the top of the international agenda. There are fears that wate... more Water in general is moving towards the top of the international agenda. There are fears that water will be increasingly the focus of international conflict especially in the Middle East, the Nile Basin, and other parts of the arid world. However, most attention has understandably been paid to the drier parts of the world, to the needs for basic supply of drinking, irrigation and industrial water for the chronically water short areas. Less attention has been given to the current and emerging water resource issues of the wetter tropical and sub-tropical zones. Yet these are the home of a large part of the world's people, some of the largest and most rapidly growing urban centers and increasingly water is a major issue for these areas. This paper and the other contributions in this issue of UPDATE attempt to outline some of the problems and prospects for water use in the humid areas of the developing world. For many of the world's people and the world’s nations these will be th...
bl ic Di sc lo su re A ut ho riz ed Pu bl ic Di sc lo su re A ut ho riz ed Pu bl ic Di sc lo su r... more bl ic Di sc lo su re A ut ho riz ed Pu bl ic Di sc lo su re A ut ho riz ed Pu bl ic Di sc lo su re A ut ho riz ed Pu bl ic Di sc lo su re A ut ho riz ed Pu bl ic Di sc lo su re A ut ho riz ed Pu bl ic Di sc lo su re A ut ho riz ed Pu bl ic Di sc lo su re A ut ho riz ed
This chapter looks at how the impacts of climate change affect different parts of Florida. With m... more This chapter looks at how the impacts of climate change affect different parts of Florida. With more than 1500 miles of coastline that contains numerus differences in character between the state's southern-most point in the Florida Keys to the northwest Florida Panhandle and northeast Florida in Jacksonville, it is easy to see why areas across the state are not all the same; temperature, rainfall rates, and even the potential for sea level rise can vary significantly depending on what part of the state one is in. For example, southeast Florida and the Tampa Bay area are already dealing with sea level rise issues, but there is much work to be done in order to assess the risks and help identify potential solutions. Efforts to adapt to rising seas will need to draw upon prior research and current work to develop tool box strategies that involve the hard and soft components. A background of impacts to water resources (less rainfall has been detected) will be discussed.
The World Bank has used its best efforts to ensure that the information contained within this rep... more The World Bank has used its best efforts to ensure that the information contained within this report is accurate, however, it cannot guarantee its accuracy. The representations, interpretations, and conclusions expressed herein do not necessarily refl ect the views of the Executive Directors of the World Bank or the governments that they represent. Rights and Permissions The material in this publication is copyrighted. Copying and/or transmitting portions or all of this work without permission may be a violation of applicable law. The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank encourages dissemination of its work and will normally grant permission to reproduce portions of the work promptly.
The African Review a Journal of African Politics Development and International Affairs, 1972
Environment is the ambience that surrounds us. Environmental problems are those of men posed to u... more Environment is the ambience that surrounds us. Environmental problems are those of men posed to us by a variegated and variable world of nature, created by us through our interaction with the natural world, intensified for us by our growth in numbers, our desire to live together and our quest for technological ease and excellence.
This paper may be reproduced in whole or in part and in any form for educational or nonprofit use... more This paper may be reproduced in whole or in part and in any form for educational or nonprofit uses, without special permission, provided acknowledgment of the source is made. The Global Environment Facility secretariat would appreciate receiving a copy of any publication that uses this paper as a source. Copies may be sent to GEF secretariat,
Jozef Lubbers, GEF Simone Quatrini, Global Mechanism Asha Richards (photo research and coordinati... more Jozef Lubbers, GEF Simone Quatrini, Global Mechanism Asha Richards (photo research and coordination of production) ■ vii Abbreviations and Acronyms AA Amelioration Association ADP Agricultural Domestic Product AHWG Ad Hoc Working Group AIDS Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome AfDB African Development Bank ARD Agriculture and Rural Development (World Bank department) ADB Asian Development Bank BODA Bilateral Official Development Assistance CACILM Central Asian Countries' Initiative for Land Management CAS Country Assistance Strategy CBD Convention on Biological Diversity CCD Convention to Combat Desertification CBO Community-Based Organization CIDA Canadian International Development Agency CPP Country Partnership Program CGIAR Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research 4. There is a critical need for an improved system of financial reporting of multilateral, bilateral, and national investments in UNCCD-related activities. 5. There is a compelling need to increase basic knowledge management, evaluation, and feedback in SLM programs. 7 A. Smyth and J. Dumanski FESLM: An International Framework for Evaluating Sustainable Land Management. World Soil Resources Report, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome (1993). The FESLM definition is used by FAO, TerrAfrica and other U.N. agencies and programs. 8 Comprehensive Review of the Activities of the Secretariat, ICCD/COP(7)/4, Nairobi,
Latin America and the Caribbean are well known as the site of great biodiversity, but the focus o... more Latin America and the Caribbean are well known as the site of great biodiversity, but the focus of attention is most of ten on the admittedly important world heritage of the tropical and mountain rainforests and wetlands of the region. This paper directs attention to the globally significant biodiversity of the arid and semiarid parts of the region. The area includes some of the driest deserts in the world in Chile and large areas of semiarid subtropical conditions, some of which are influenced by the proximity to, and the influence of, the Andean mountain chain. The paper reviews the current funding priorities in the region, attempts in a general way to identify biodiversity conservation needs in terms of networks and institutions and addresses the most effective processes to build on and expand the already sound capacity in the region.
In both Hong Kong and the Sudan weathered granitic rock between the soil and the fresh bedrock ca... more In both Hong Kong and the Sudan weathered granitic rock between the soil and the fresh bedrock can be differentiated into distinct weathering zones which often form a characteristic weathering profile. Weathering profile formation and erosion are most active on concave faceted hillslopes. On footslopes, valley-side strips, pediments, and plains active soilprofile formation occurs above complete or truncated weathering profiles. A clear distinction between soils and weathering profiles is a prerequisite to an understanding of landform development and soil patterns in tropical regions.
Florida's Everglades stretch from the headwaters of the Kissimmee River near Orlando to Florida B... more Florida's Everglades stretch from the headwaters of the Kissimmee River near Orlando to Florida Bay. Under natural conditions in this flat landscape, water flowed slowly downstream as broad, shallow sheet flow. The ecosystem is markedly different now, altered by nutrient pollution and construction of canals, levees, and water control structures designed for flood control and water supply. These alterations have resulted in a 50 % reduction of the ecosystem's spatial extent and significant changes in ecological function in the remaining portion. One of the world's largest restoration programs is underway to restore some of the historic hydrologic and ecological functions of the Everglades, via a multi-billion dollar Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan. This plan, finalized in 2000, did not explicitly consider climate change effects, yet today we realize that sea level rise and future changes in rainfall (RF), temperature, and evapotranspiration (ET) may have system-wide impacts. This series of papers describes results of a workshop where a regional hydrologic model was used to simulate the hydrology expected in 2060 with climate changes including increased temperature, ET, and sea level, and either an increase or decrease in RF. Ecologists with expertise in various areas of the ecosystem evaluated the hydrologic outputs, drew conclusions about potential ecosystem responses, and identified research needs where projections of response had high uncertainty. Resource managers participated in the workshop, and they present lessons learned regarding how the new information might be used to guide Everglades restoration in the context of climate change.
H otter, wetter, drier, shorter, longer-all are adjectives used to describe the potential effects... more H otter, wetter, drier, shorter, longer-all are adjectives used to describe the potential effects of climate change on communities. The confusion is about which ones are indicated for a specific community, how much the community needs to worry, and what measures should be pursued to address the impacts of climate on the community. Adaptation to climate change will create challenges, but many of these challenges can be met. Regardless of what and when, one of the aspects of climate change is that communities will differ, that the planning for change should be conducted now to identify measures to harden the community, and that most adaptation strategies needed to protect communities will be provided at the local and regional levels. However, depending on whether utilities are located in the mountains, on the coast, or in interior flatlands, there are five issues that they will ultimately deal with: changes in drought frequency, more intense rainfall events, more severe thunderstorms and changes in tropical storm intensity (
Water in general is moving towards the top of the international agenda. There are fears that wate... more Water in general is moving towards the top of the international agenda. There are fears that water will be increasingly the focus of international conflict especially in the Middle East, the Nile Basin, and other parts of the arid world. However, most attention has understandably been paid to the drier parts of the world, to the needs for basic supply of drinking, irrigation and industrial water for the chronically water short areas. Less attention has been given to the current and emerging water resource issues of the wetter tropical and sub-tropical zones. Yet these are the home of a large part of the world's people, some of the largest and most rapidly growing urban centers and increasingly water is a major issue for these areas. This paper and the other contributions in this issue of UPDATE attempt to outline some of the problems and prospects for water use in the humid areas of the developing world. For many of the world's people and the world’s nations these will be th...
bl ic Di sc lo su re A ut ho riz ed Pu bl ic Di sc lo su re A ut ho riz ed Pu bl ic Di sc lo su r... more bl ic Di sc lo su re A ut ho riz ed Pu bl ic Di sc lo su re A ut ho riz ed Pu bl ic Di sc lo su re A ut ho riz ed Pu bl ic Di sc lo su re A ut ho riz ed Pu bl ic Di sc lo su re A ut ho riz ed Pu bl ic Di sc lo su re A ut ho riz ed Pu bl ic Di sc lo su re A ut ho riz ed
This chapter looks at how the impacts of climate change affect different parts of Florida. With m... more This chapter looks at how the impacts of climate change affect different parts of Florida. With more than 1500 miles of coastline that contains numerus differences in character between the state's southern-most point in the Florida Keys to the northwest Florida Panhandle and northeast Florida in Jacksonville, it is easy to see why areas across the state are not all the same; temperature, rainfall rates, and even the potential for sea level rise can vary significantly depending on what part of the state one is in. For example, southeast Florida and the Tampa Bay area are already dealing with sea level rise issues, but there is much work to be done in order to assess the risks and help identify potential solutions. Efforts to adapt to rising seas will need to draw upon prior research and current work to develop tool box strategies that involve the hard and soft components. A background of impacts to water resources (less rainfall has been detected) will be discussed.
The World Bank has used its best efforts to ensure that the information contained within this rep... more The World Bank has used its best efforts to ensure that the information contained within this report is accurate, however, it cannot guarantee its accuracy. The representations, interpretations, and conclusions expressed herein do not necessarily refl ect the views of the Executive Directors of the World Bank or the governments that they represent. Rights and Permissions The material in this publication is copyrighted. Copying and/or transmitting portions or all of this work without permission may be a violation of applicable law. The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank encourages dissemination of its work and will normally grant permission to reproduce portions of the work promptly.
The African Review a Journal of African Politics Development and International Affairs, 1972
Environment is the ambience that surrounds us. Environmental problems are those of men posed to u... more Environment is the ambience that surrounds us. Environmental problems are those of men posed to us by a variegated and variable world of nature, created by us through our interaction with the natural world, intensified for us by our growth in numbers, our desire to live together and our quest for technological ease and excellence.
This paper may be reproduced in whole or in part and in any form for educational or nonprofit use... more This paper may be reproduced in whole or in part and in any form for educational or nonprofit uses, without special permission, provided acknowledgment of the source is made. The Global Environment Facility secretariat would appreciate receiving a copy of any publication that uses this paper as a source. Copies may be sent to GEF secretariat,
Jozef Lubbers, GEF Simone Quatrini, Global Mechanism Asha Richards (photo research and coordinati... more Jozef Lubbers, GEF Simone Quatrini, Global Mechanism Asha Richards (photo research and coordination of production) ■ vii Abbreviations and Acronyms AA Amelioration Association ADP Agricultural Domestic Product AHWG Ad Hoc Working Group AIDS Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome AfDB African Development Bank ARD Agriculture and Rural Development (World Bank department) ADB Asian Development Bank BODA Bilateral Official Development Assistance CACILM Central Asian Countries' Initiative for Land Management CAS Country Assistance Strategy CBD Convention on Biological Diversity CCD Convention to Combat Desertification CBO Community-Based Organization CIDA Canadian International Development Agency CPP Country Partnership Program CGIAR Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research 4. There is a critical need for an improved system of financial reporting of multilateral, bilateral, and national investments in UNCCD-related activities. 5. There is a compelling need to increase basic knowledge management, evaluation, and feedback in SLM programs. 7 A. Smyth and J. Dumanski FESLM: An International Framework for Evaluating Sustainable Land Management. World Soil Resources Report, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome (1993). The FESLM definition is used by FAO, TerrAfrica and other U.N. agencies and programs. 8 Comprehensive Review of the Activities of the Secretariat, ICCD/COP(7)/4, Nairobi,
Latin America and the Caribbean are well known as the site of great biodiversity, but the focus o... more Latin America and the Caribbean are well known as the site of great biodiversity, but the focus of attention is most of ten on the admittedly important world heritage of the tropical and mountain rainforests and wetlands of the region. This paper directs attention to the globally significant biodiversity of the arid and semiarid parts of the region. The area includes some of the driest deserts in the world in Chile and large areas of semiarid subtropical conditions, some of which are influenced by the proximity to, and the influence of, the Andean mountain chain. The paper reviews the current funding priorities in the region, attempts in a general way to identify biodiversity conservation needs in terms of networks and institutions and addresses the most effective processes to build on and expand the already sound capacity in the region.
In both Hong Kong and the Sudan weathered granitic rock between the soil and the fresh bedrock ca... more In both Hong Kong and the Sudan weathered granitic rock between the soil and the fresh bedrock can be differentiated into distinct weathering zones which often form a characteristic weathering profile. Weathering profile formation and erosion are most active on concave faceted hillslopes. On footslopes, valley-side strips, pediments, and plains active soilprofile formation occurs above complete or truncated weathering profiles. A clear distinction between soils and weathering profiles is a prerequisite to an understanding of landform development and soil patterns in tropical regions.
Florida's Everglades stretch from the headwaters of the Kissimmee River near Orlando to Florida B... more Florida's Everglades stretch from the headwaters of the Kissimmee River near Orlando to Florida Bay. Under natural conditions in this flat landscape, water flowed slowly downstream as broad, shallow sheet flow. The ecosystem is markedly different now, altered by nutrient pollution and construction of canals, levees, and water control structures designed for flood control and water supply. These alterations have resulted in a 50 % reduction of the ecosystem's spatial extent and significant changes in ecological function in the remaining portion. One of the world's largest restoration programs is underway to restore some of the historic hydrologic and ecological functions of the Everglades, via a multi-billion dollar Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan. This plan, finalized in 2000, did not explicitly consider climate change effects, yet today we realize that sea level rise and future changes in rainfall (RF), temperature, and evapotranspiration (ET) may have system-wide impacts. This series of papers describes results of a workshop where a regional hydrologic model was used to simulate the hydrology expected in 2060 with climate changes including increased temperature, ET, and sea level, and either an increase or decrease in RF. Ecologists with expertise in various areas of the ecosystem evaluated the hydrologic outputs, drew conclusions about potential ecosystem responses, and identified research needs where projections of response had high uncertainty. Resource managers participated in the workshop, and they present lessons learned regarding how the new information might be used to guide Everglades restoration in the context of climate change.
H otter, wetter, drier, shorter, longer-all are adjectives used to describe the potential effects... more H otter, wetter, drier, shorter, longer-all are adjectives used to describe the potential effects of climate change on communities. The confusion is about which ones are indicated for a specific community, how much the community needs to worry, and what measures should be pursued to address the impacts of climate on the community. Adaptation to climate change will create challenges, but many of these challenges can be met. Regardless of what and when, one of the aspects of climate change is that communities will differ, that the planning for change should be conducted now to identify measures to harden the community, and that most adaptation strategies needed to protect communities will be provided at the local and regional levels. However, depending on whether utilities are located in the mountains, on the coast, or in interior flatlands, there are five issues that they will ultimately deal with: changes in drought frequency, more intense rainfall events, more severe thunderstorms and changes in tropical storm intensity (
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