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Iva Nenadic

European University Institute, Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies, Research Associate

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I research and teach journalism, news, media freedom and pluralism in the times of big data, automation, artificial intelligence and personalisation. I also take part in the expert workshops and debates that center around these issues - in the EU and beyond. In my previous life I worked as a journalist and editor in various media outlets.

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Papers by Iva Nenadic

EU and media policy: conceptualising media pluralism in the era of online platforms. The experience of the Media Pluralism Monitor

Research Handbook on EU Media Law and Policy, 2021

and 6. Free and pluralist media reinforces the principle of democracy on which the Union is founded.

Monitoring media pluralism in Europe : application of the Media Pluralism Monitor 2017 in the European Union, FYROM, Serbia & Turkey : country report : Malta

Monitoring media pluralism in Europe : application of the Media Pluralism Monitor 2017 in the European Union, FYROM, Serbia & Turkey

The Authors thank Lucien Steinberg (CMPF) for the info-graphics, Lisa Ginsborg and Alina Ostling ... more The Authors thank Lucien Steinberg (CMPF) for the info-graphics, Lisa Ginsborg and Alina Ostling (former CMPF research associates) for collaborating in the data collection for the Basic Protection area and Social Inclusiveness, respectively. The Authors wish to thank the MPM Country Teams who carried out the data collection for each country. Once again, their work and passion were essential for the success of the project. This text may be downloaded only for personal research purposes. Any additional reproduction for other purposes, whether in hard copies or electronically, requires the consent of the European University Institute. If cited or quoted, reference should be made to the full name of the author(s), editor(s), the title, the year and the publisher. Views expressed in this publication reflect the opinion of individual authors and not those of the European University Institute or the European Commission.

Monitoring media pluralism in Europe : application of the media pluralism monitor 2016 in the European Union, Montenegro and Turkey

A European Approach to tackling disinformation and political manipulation

Proceedings of the CEECOM2015 8th Central and Eastern European Media and Communication Conference: The Digital Media Challenge

Položaj u gospodarstvu i struktura financiranja poduzeća u ICT sektoru Republike Hrvatske

Instead of Conclusions: Short- and Long-Term Scenarios for Media Regulation

Digital and Social Media Regulation, 2021

Those who do not study history are doomed to repeat it, but much the same can be said of those wh... more Those who do not study history are doomed to repeat it, but much the same can be said of those who fail to prepare for the future. In this chapter, both the long and short view of the future are taken by our panel of contributors: short term outlooks often revolve around the media titans of today—GAFAM (Google, Apple, Facebook. Amazon, Microsoft), which according to Benhamou, cannot be ignored. Long term outlooks include both positivity—Curien—and pessimism, via Bernisson. Of course, these forecasting exercises will only meet reality halfway. The future is as unpredictable as the past is unbelievable.

Indices ranking freedom of expression: a comparison between the Media Pluralism Monitor, Reporters without Borders and Freedom House

Research Handbook on EU Media Law and Policy, 2021

Monitoring media pluralism in the digital era : application of the Media Pluralism Monitor in the European Union, Albania, Montenegro, The Republic of North Macedonia, Serbia & Turkey in the year 2020 : country report : Turkey

This report was co-funded by the European Commissio

Monitoring media pluralism in the digital era : application of the Media Pluralism Monitor 2020 in the European Union, Albania and Turkey in the years 2018-2019. Report 2020

This report presents the results and the methodology of the Media Pluralism Monitor (MPM2020), a ... more This report presents the results and the methodology of the Media Pluralism Monitor (MPM2020), a tool geared at assessing the risks to media pluralism in EU member states and selected candidate countries (30 European countries in total). The Media Pluralism Monitor has been implemented, on a regular basis, by the Centre for Media Pluralism and Media Freedom, since 2013/2014 (last implementation MPM2017), based on a holistic perspective, taking into account legal, political and economic variables that are relevant to analysing the levels of plurality of media systems in a democratic society. This implementation covers the years 2018 and 2019. Consequently, the United Kingdom – which left the Union in January 2020 - is still analysed as being part of the European Union in this report

Journalists on Twitter: Reconfiguring Professional Identity, Reconsidering Research Ethics – The Case of Croatia

Research Ethics in the Digital Age, 2017

This paper aims to discuss the extent and potential consequences of the blurring line between pro... more This paper aims to discuss the extent and potential consequences of the blurring line between professional and private activity of journalists on social media: if and how is this challenging traditional journalistic norms and routines, but also if and how this could stand as an ethical issue for researchers. The study first utilizes netnography as a method to notice potential trends and conflicts that were then used to define categories of the content analysis of tweets posted or shared by journalists in Croatia. Finally, in-depth interviews will be conducted with journalists that show to be most (pro)active in their use of Twitter. The preliminary observations suggest the shift towards more transparency and personalization. However, there is also a tendency of normalization, in particular with the gatekeeping role

National report: Croatia

The chapter reports the findings of the analysis of 2019 European Parliament election campaign in... more

Public Service Media in Europe. Gender equality policies and the representation of women in decision-making roles

This work was supported by the European Union through the project for the implementation of the M... more

Media ownership rules in Europe : a focus on EU Member States' legislation on foreign ownership

Media pluralism monitor 2016 : monitoring risks for media pluralism in EU and beyond : country report : Malta

Kako su mainstream mediji otvorili vrata alternativnim činjenicama

Monitoring media pluralism in Europe : application of the media pluralism monitor 2016 in the European Union, Montenegro and Turkey

The Authors thank Lorenzo Giuntini for creating the online platform for data collection, Giorgio ... more The Authors thank Lorenzo Giuntini for creating the online platform for data collection, Giorgio Giamberini for the info-graphics, Maria Karidi and Mario Viola de Azevedo Cunha for the support in the final revision of the report, Gianni Betti for advice on the methodology, Peggy Valcke and Beata Klimkiewicz for the peer-review. The Authors wish to thank also the Country Teams who carried out the data collection for each country. As in past years, their work and passion were essential for the success of the project. This text may be downloaded only for personal research purposes. Any additional reproduction for other purposes, whether in hard copies or electronically, requires the consent of the European University Institute. If cited or quoted, reference should be made to the full name of the author(s), editor(s), the title, the year and the publisher. Views expressed in this publication reflect the opinion of individual authors and not those of the European University Institute or the European Commission

Regulating Beyond Media to Protect Media Pluralism: The EU Media Policies as Seen Through the Lens of the Media Pluralism Monitor

Digital and Social Media Regulation, 2021

Moć bez odgovornosti

Anali Hrvatskog politološkog društva, 2020

Rad sadržava pregled politika vodećih online-platformi u borbi protiv dezinformacija i infodemije... more Rad sadržava pregled politika vodećih online-platformi u borbi protiv dezinformacija i infodemije kako bi se promislile njihove moguće izravne ili neizravne, kratkoročne ili dugoročne posljedice za medijski pluralizam i informirano građanstvo, uzimajući u obzir značenje platformi u oblikovanju informacijskog okruženja. Metoda istraživanja je analiza dokumenata koje su odabrane platforme objavile od početka koronakrize u veljači do 31. srpnja 2020. kako bi komunicirale promjene svojih politika moderacije sadržaja kao posljedicu te krize. Uključena su i izvješća, koja su u kolovozu 2020. dostavile Europskoj komisiji, o mjerama koje su primijenile kako bi ograničile širenje dezinformacija povezanih s bolešću COV ID-19. Analiza sugerira da su platforme nedvojbeno poduzele niz potencijalno korisnih mjera kako bi odgovorile na izazove širenja lažnih, obmanjujućih i štetnih informacija u pandemiji, ali gotovo svaka od tih mjera sadržava i potencijalan rizik za slobodu izražavanja i medijsk...

EU and media policy: conceptualising media pluralism in the era of online platforms. The experience of the Media Pluralism Monitor

Research Handbook on EU Media Law and Policy, 2021

and 6. Free and pluralist media reinforces the principle of democracy on which the Union is founded.

Monitoring media pluralism in Europe : application of the Media Pluralism Monitor 2017 in the European Union, FYROM, Serbia & Turkey : country report : Malta

Monitoring media pluralism in Europe : application of the Media Pluralism Monitor 2017 in the European Union, FYROM, Serbia & Turkey

The Authors thank Lucien Steinberg (CMPF) for the info-graphics, Lisa Ginsborg and Alina Ostling ... more The Authors thank Lucien Steinberg (CMPF) for the info-graphics, Lisa Ginsborg and Alina Ostling (former CMPF research associates) for collaborating in the data collection for the Basic Protection area and Social Inclusiveness, respectively. The Authors wish to thank the MPM Country Teams who carried out the data collection for each country. Once again, their work and passion were essential for the success of the project. This text may be downloaded only for personal research purposes. Any additional reproduction for other purposes, whether in hard copies or electronically, requires the consent of the European University Institute. If cited or quoted, reference should be made to the full name of the author(s), editor(s), the title, the year and the publisher. Views expressed in this publication reflect the opinion of individual authors and not those of the European University Institute or the European Commission.

Monitoring media pluralism in Europe : application of the media pluralism monitor 2016 in the European Union, Montenegro and Turkey

A European Approach to tackling disinformation and political manipulation

Proceedings of the CEECOM2015 8th Central and Eastern European Media and Communication Conference: The Digital Media Challenge

Položaj u gospodarstvu i struktura financiranja poduzeća u ICT sektoru Republike Hrvatske

Instead of Conclusions: Short- and Long-Term Scenarios for Media Regulation

Digital and Social Media Regulation, 2021

Those who do not study history are doomed to repeat it, but much the same can be said of those wh... more Those who do not study history are doomed to repeat it, but much the same can be said of those who fail to prepare for the future. In this chapter, both the long and short view of the future are taken by our panel of contributors: short term outlooks often revolve around the media titans of today—GAFAM (Google, Apple, Facebook. Amazon, Microsoft), which according to Benhamou, cannot be ignored. Long term outlooks include both positivity—Curien—and pessimism, via Bernisson. Of course, these forecasting exercises will only meet reality halfway. The future is as unpredictable as the past is unbelievable.

Indices ranking freedom of expression: a comparison between the Media Pluralism Monitor, Reporters without Borders and Freedom House

Research Handbook on EU Media Law and Policy, 2021

Monitoring media pluralism in the digital era : application of the Media Pluralism Monitor in the European Union, Albania, Montenegro, The Republic of North Macedonia, Serbia & Turkey in the year 2020 : country report : Turkey

This report was co-funded by the European Commissio

Monitoring media pluralism in the digital era : application of the Media Pluralism Monitor 2020 in the European Union, Albania and Turkey in the years 2018-2019. Report 2020

This report presents the results and the methodology of the Media Pluralism Monitor (MPM2020), a ... more This report presents the results and the methodology of the Media Pluralism Monitor (MPM2020), a tool geared at assessing the risks to media pluralism in EU member states and selected candidate countries (30 European countries in total). The Media Pluralism Monitor has been implemented, on a regular basis, by the Centre for Media Pluralism and Media Freedom, since 2013/2014 (last implementation MPM2017), based on a holistic perspective, taking into account legal, political and economic variables that are relevant to analysing the levels of plurality of media systems in a democratic society. This implementation covers the years 2018 and 2019. Consequently, the United Kingdom – which left the Union in January 2020 - is still analysed as being part of the European Union in this report

Journalists on Twitter: Reconfiguring Professional Identity, Reconsidering Research Ethics – The Case of Croatia

Research Ethics in the Digital Age, 2017

This paper aims to discuss the extent and potential consequences of the blurring line between pro... more This paper aims to discuss the extent and potential consequences of the blurring line between professional and private activity of journalists on social media: if and how is this challenging traditional journalistic norms and routines, but also if and how this could stand as an ethical issue for researchers. The study first utilizes netnography as a method to notice potential trends and conflicts that were then used to define categories of the content analysis of tweets posted or shared by journalists in Croatia. Finally, in-depth interviews will be conducted with journalists that show to be most (pro)active in their use of Twitter. The preliminary observations suggest the shift towards more transparency and personalization. However, there is also a tendency of normalization, in particular with the gatekeeping role

National report: Croatia

The chapter reports the findings of the analysis of 2019 European Parliament election campaign in... more

Public Service Media in Europe. Gender equality policies and the representation of women in decision-making roles

This work was supported by the European Union through the project for the implementation of the M... more

Media ownership rules in Europe : a focus on EU Member States' legislation on foreign ownership

Media pluralism monitor 2016 : monitoring risks for media pluralism in EU and beyond : country report : Malta

Kako su mainstream mediji otvorili vrata alternativnim činjenicama

Monitoring media pluralism in Europe : application of the media pluralism monitor 2016 in the European Union, Montenegro and Turkey

The Authors thank Lorenzo Giuntini for creating the online platform for data collection, Giorgio ... more The Authors thank Lorenzo Giuntini for creating the online platform for data collection, Giorgio Giamberini for the info-graphics, Maria Karidi and Mario Viola de Azevedo Cunha for the support in the final revision of the report, Gianni Betti for advice on the methodology, Peggy Valcke and Beata Klimkiewicz for the peer-review. The Authors wish to thank also the Country Teams who carried out the data collection for each country. As in past years, their work and passion were essential for the success of the project. This text may be downloaded only for personal research purposes. Any additional reproduction for other purposes, whether in hard copies or electronically, requires the consent of the European University Institute. If cited or quoted, reference should be made to the full name of the author(s), editor(s), the title, the year and the publisher. Views expressed in this publication reflect the opinion of individual authors and not those of the European University Institute or the European Commission

Regulating Beyond Media to Protect Media Pluralism: The EU Media Policies as Seen Through the Lens of the Media Pluralism Monitor

Digital and Social Media Regulation, 2021

Moć bez odgovornosti

Anali Hrvatskog politološkog društva, 2020

Rad sadržava pregled politika vodećih online-platformi u borbi protiv dezinformacija i infodemije... more Rad sadržava pregled politika vodećih online-platformi u borbi protiv dezinformacija i infodemije kako bi se promislile njihove moguće izravne ili neizravne, kratkoročne ili dugoročne posljedice za medijski pluralizam i informirano građanstvo, uzimajući u obzir značenje platformi u oblikovanju informacijskog okruženja. Metoda istraživanja je analiza dokumenata koje su odabrane platforme objavile od početka koronakrize u veljači do 31. srpnja 2020. kako bi komunicirale promjene svojih politika moderacije sadržaja kao posljedicu te krize. Uključena su i izvješća, koja su u kolovozu 2020. dostavile Europskoj komisiji, o mjerama koje su primijenile kako bi ograničile širenje dezinformacija povezanih s bolešću COV ID-19. Analiza sugerira da su platforme nedvojbeno poduzele niz potencijalno korisnih mjera kako bi odgovorile na izazove širenja lažnih, obmanjujućih i štetnih informacija u pandemiji, ali gotovo svaka od tih mjera sadržava i potencijalan rizik za slobodu izražavanja i medijsk...

A European Approach to Tackling Challenges of Disinformation and Political Manipulation

In the view of the 2019 European Parliament elections and elections being held in Member States, ... more In the view of the 2019 European Parliament elections and elections being held in Member States, the European Commission has recognised the exposure of citizens to large scale online disinformation and micro-targeting of voters based on the unlawful processing of personal data as the major challenges for Europe and European democratic systems. In a response to these challenges, and to ensure citizens’ access to a variety of credible information sources and voices, the EC has put in place several mainly platforms-oriented actions and measures which aim to create an overarching “European approach”. This paper provides a preliminary analysis of this approach to identify which are the key principles upon which it builds; and to what extent, if at all, they differ from the principles of media regulation in electoral period. The analysis further looks at how these principles are elaborated in the new context and whether it reflects the complexity of the challenges identified.

Adapting the media pluralism definitions to the new digital realities

7th European Communication Conference (ECC) "Centres and Peripheries: Communication, Research, Translation", 2018

The development of digital landscape has caused significant disruptions in media and policy, incl... more The development of digital landscape has caused significant disruptions in media and policy, including a need for shift in the definitions and measurements of different forms of concentrations and plurality. To adequately define media pluralism within the media policy, it is no longer sufficient to address concentration of ownership of “traditional” media companies. Regulation and monitoring mechanisms need to add the issue of concentration of digital content and distribution intermediaries.

Concentration of media ownership is seen as one of the biggest threats for media pluralism as it may narrow the diversity of editorial voices and information. To ensure sufficient plurality and diversity, most countries in the EU, within their media policy, have enacted certain limits or thresholds on horizontal concentration in traditional media markets. The specific safeguards to prevent cross-media concentration are less common, but in those cases general competition laws (antitrust and merger control) may also apply and take sufficient account of media pluralism. Market positions of digital content and distribution intermediaries have currently not been taken into account with the same approach.

Although the change in technology in legal theory should not present a key legal issue (McLeod 2009, 32), the contemporary disruptions represent such a radical shift that lack of response in media policy risks losing touch with current realities. In the current environment, the news and information are increasingly produced and shared outside traditional journalistic institutions. Digital intermediaries are often not defined as ‘media’ but increasingly act as editors (Helberger, 2017) and main sources to engage with news (which is still largely produced by traditional media) (Newman et al. 2017). These gatekeepers dominate online/digital environment, diminishing the role and importance of traditional, legacy media also within the issue of plurality. Regulating traditional media technologies, thus, “but leaving the internet free creates distortions in the media market.” (Looms 2011).

The Media Pluralism Monitor currently covers two types of media concentration: horizontal and cross-media, considering also the concentration of Internet Service Providers (ISPs) and Internet Content Providers (ICPs). The Monitor assesses the actual level of different types of concentration based on the “four-firm (or Top 4) concentration ratio” (CR4). The experience of the MPM, and the changing reality, require for more nuanced measuring method, as well as for more aspects and actors to be measured, in particular the concentration of distribution networks and the (dominant) (new) intermediaries which increasingly influence or determine the conditions for access to, and the nature of, the media and content. The paper presents an analysis of existing measures as well as critical assessment of potential shortcomings and additions, stemming from historical discussions on cross-media regulation and concentration measures, including ponders based on reach, access, actual use, and income (Robinson 1996; Graham 1996).

Blurred Lines: Regulating beyond media to protect media pluralism

Riding or Lashing the Waves: Regulating Media for Diversity in a Time of Uncertainty, 2019

This paper analyses the approaches in regulating the media pluralism, placed between the ‘traditi... more This paper analyses the approaches in regulating the media pluralism, placed between the ‘traditional’ approaches that include legacy media and ‘new’ approaches that (attempt to) take into account the disrupted digital landscape. Within this new landscape, fluid definitions and notions of what is (news) media and which conditions are required to ensure plurality and diversity present one of the key challenges for policy-making.

Presented at the International Communication Association Pre-conference, May 24, 2019, NATIONAL PRESS CLUB, WASHINGTON DC
https://cla.purdue.edu/research/conferences/PREICA2019.html