BRIEF HISTORICAL SYNTHESIS

Talk about the ruins and decline of Venezuela would be obvious because, it is in sight. It is about
decipher the root causes of such a historical event. Its outcome will surely have repercussions
throughout the continent. The modest objective of this text is to provide a “grain of sand” to the
new generations so that they can have more tools in their learning before it is too late.

The ongoing ruin "did not fall from the sky nor did it come as if it were a surprise divine curse," nor
did it come overnight. Just as the devastating earthquakes are preceded by gigantic movements of
the tectonic layers in the depths of the earth, what we are seeing now is the arrival of that
political, economic and social earthquake that had its first “tectonic” crunch in 1989, 30 years.
Remaining in historical memory as “ El Caracazo”.

No one remembers it and many people consciously want to keep it "under the carpet."

The native bourgeoisie, associated with transnational corporations since the first decades of the
19th and 20th centuries, historically condemned Venezuela to be a hydrocarbons mono producer.
Disciplining it in this way to the role that the international economy suited it: gross raw material
exporter. This is the historical reality and truth.

All the domestic political lawsuit of the Venezuelan bourgeois gangs is subject to who
administered - as a Commissioner - said backward and dependent economy of the USA , for being
the majority buyer and creditor of the external debt of the state.

The history of the Venezuelan people, after more than a century that oil reserves were discovered
in the Orinoco Belt, was directly marked by the increasing exploitation of their oil and gas.

There was never a fraction of its native bourgeoisie that proved to have a long and medium-term
plan, which proposed to industrialize such wealth from the subsoil and on that basis industrialize
the entire country to remove it from capitalist backwardness and dependence on colonial relations
with multinationals Oil companies and their banks.

In other words, I want to dare to affirm that here and in the rest of the subcontinent there were
never bourgeois who acted in their time as were the English, Yankee, Japanese bourgeoisie, etc.,
who led democratic, social and economic tasks to get those backward countries inherited from the
previous period of feudalism or capitalist colonialism.

Throughout this text this statement will be demonstrated, that with blood and martyrdom they
have been paid by at least five generations of working families that inhabit the rich Venezuelan
territory. This impotent and servile feature of the colonial bourgeois classes, after the end of
World War I and II, was exacerbated, to the extent that there are many cases where they prove to
be brave at the time of massacre their people and cowards when they face to the imperialist
transnationals.

From 1811 until today, Venezuela has had 26 (twenty-six) constitutions, being that of President
Rómulo Betancurt the most enduring: 38 years, which was approved in 1961 and subsequently
repealed by the management of Hugo Chavez's first presidential term in 1999.
Each military leader who seized power via coup d'etats or the civil rich via the electoral farce,
made their own constitution tailored to the circumstances of their time and the businesses of the
capitalist gangs that supported them.

With the picturesque Caribbean colonial brushstrokes, of yesteryear, each one tried to set up his
Bonapartist regime by rising above all social classes, as a kind of "arbitrator" managing oil income
as Commissioner Foreman.

OIL DISCOVERY

In Venezuela there have been three historical periods clearly marked by the circumstantial
industrial heyday. The 18th was the "Cocoa Century", the 19th the "Coffee Century" and the 20th
the "Oil Century".

ACÁ FOTO PAG 42 …. Zumake I Oil well

I will focus attention on this last period, because the current misfortune has its deep roots there.

There are traces of the old colonial era, back in 1535, under the Spanish crown, when this
hydrocarbon was discovered. But the serious evidence dates from the cracks that an earthquake
left in April 1875, which led to the discovery of the first site in the historic town of Rubio, in “La
Alquitrana”, owned by Manuel Antonio Pulido, state of Táchira. At just 60 meters deep the first
well was drilled and baptized with the name of Eureka, then others are discovered only 15 meters
away and even areas where the oil practically sprouted spontaneously. M. Pulido formed the first
company, which called Compañía Nacional Mineta Petrólia del Táchira.

ACÁ FOTO PAG 43 … Orinoco Belt Map

Meanwhile, at the same time, in the United States, John D. Rockefeller founded his company:
Standar Oil, which immediately relates to Pulido. Here is born the important economic and
political relationship, which then becomes bloody and damn, which marked, and continues to
mark, the history of Venezuela as a nightmare with Yankee imperialism.

Until there was no legislation that had any national regulation serious to the nascent oil business,
all riding via friendships and corruption with the governments of the day. In order to give the
business some legality they approved what became known as the 3 Mine Codes: 1905, 1910 and
1915.

Thus, in 1912, the young multinational Caribbean Petroleum Company of New York disembarked,
which a few years later merged with the Royal Dutch Shell Anglo-Dutch.
Is the First World War that launches oil worldwide as the main fuel or raw material to boost
industry, transport and urban life. But, it is in 1919 when there is a jump in the nascent
Venezuelan oil industry, driven by the new demand of the imperialist countries that won the First
World War.

While, USA did not directly enter into a military struggle, capitalized on a gigantic commercial
triumph by boldly supplying the two sides in that war with food, steel, medicines, clothing,
weapons and machinery.

Acceleratedly there are many transnationals in the Orinoco basin to exploit Venezuelan oil, so easy
to extract, but difficult to transport because, it is extra heavy and sulphurous. The benefits were
unlimited because the legislation was ambiguous for each transnational to interpret at its
convenience and the various military and civil governments limiting themselves to being mere
Commissioner Foremen.

Among the oil companies that benefited from this regime are: Caribbean Petroleum Company,
Colon Development Company, Venezuelan Oil Concession, North Venezuelan Petroleum
Company, British Controlled Oilfield, Venezuelan Development Company, British Oil Company,
British Equatorial Oil Company Ltd., La Standar Oil Company through its subsidiaries Standar Oil
Company of Venezuela, and the one that became the most important subsidiary of the Standard,
The Creole Petroleum Corporations.

Under these conditions some more laws are added: 1920, 1921, 1922, 1925, 1928, 1935, 1936,
1938. Until arriving at the Hydrocarbons Law of 1943.

In the heat of the working class strong struggles and the rising accelerating , the agreement of the
1943 law is reached, which ends up defining, after several years of fighting, that the state will keep
50% of the oil rent.

It also manages to build the first industrial pole to refine the oil consumed in the country. This is
how the PARAGUANÁ refinery was born, SHELL and ESSO who are associated to build it as the
property of both transnationals, in return they extend their contracts for the deposits that
exploded for 40 years, with a clause that established that once the first 20 years could grant them
a new extension of another 40 years.

This policy of lackeys was approved by all the bourgeois gangs that had parliamentary
representation, proving once again to be vile servants Commissioners Foremen.

No one should lose sight of the fact that we are talking about an oil exploitation with its proven
reserves at a depth of 60-80 meters and with ports in the Atlantic Ocean at short boarding
distances, just days of navigation of one of the largest consumers of the world, that was, and still
being, USA.

This is the cause that drives a boom in industrial production unprecedented in those years.
Arriving in the next 15 years to produce, for the first time, 2.5 million barrels per day. Becoming
the largest oil exporter worldwide for the first time in history.
In a new world market thirsty for fuels, Mexico was, up to that date, who occupied this place and
cannot avoid - due to divestment - the fall of its production since Lázaro Cárdenas nationalized the
oil industry in the 1930s.

It is Venezuela that heads the foundation of OPEC (Organization of Petroleum Exporting

Countries), in 1960, along with Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia. Subsequently the others we
know today joined.

Sadly, just in 1967 the State founds, formally its own company: Venezuelan Petroleum
Corporation. Its oil leadership in the ranking keeps it until the '70s. Until Saudi Arabia dethrones it
in the years '71 -'72. Since then it could never lead the world oil production, as we will see later.

In this period - until the years '60 -'70 - there are about 40 thousand workers in the oil industry,
most of Venezuela infrastructure is built at this time.

Is at the end of the 50s, that there is a first end of the industrial cycle, or depletion of the
machinery of the oil transnationals that operated the Orinoco oil basin.

A great new investment in machinery, technology and drilling of new wells was necessary. For this,
the transnationals demanded more and new legal guarantees from the State. As blackmail to
achieve this goal, about half of all workers are laid off. And a strong resistance or class struggle
arises, and the response of the business gangs was to entrust that military party, which embodied
the Military Forces, to launch a new Coup d'etat to crush the rebellion of the exploited.

1948 MILITARY COUP

On this occasion the Military Board took power, composed of the Officers: Pérez Jiménez, Luis
Llovera and Carlos Delgado Chalbaud. The latter was elected as president, but was killed in 1950.
After his death, the remaining members of the Board, Pérez Jiménez and Llovera, conferred the
presidency on Germán Suárez Flamerich. The Government Board convened elections for
November 30, 1952 with the intention of legitimizing power.

These elections were to elect the members of a Constituent Assembly, which was responsible for
appointing the new president. The elections were blatantly fraudulent and the National Electoral
Council gave victory to the Independent Electoral Front party, the political body of Pérez Jiménez.
The active militant collaboration of the traditional bourgeois parties to give a legitimacy bath to
the top coup officers was blatant.

For this reason Pérez Jiménez seized power and exercised it, with an "iron hand", for a decade.
Launched a public works plan to try to reactivate the economy and the infrastructure of the State,
with the national routes and a series of modern state buildings that ended up being his symbols,
with a nationalist varnish.

Very similar to what below the southern continent came from doing the Argentine officers of the
GUO (Group of Unified Officers), who headed, among others: Farrel and Perón, in 1943.

It was the new round of the economic crisis, at the end of the 50s, which brought the ruin to the
dictatorship of Pérez Jiménez, which barely ceased to be a guarantee to keep disciplined with the
killer fire of the Military Forces, to the labor and mass movement; he is overthrown and exiled,
first to the Dominican Republic, to later settle in Franco's fascist Spain.

Then, once the dictatorship of Jiménez dissolved, and assuring all the guarantees and impunity to
the murderous official of the Military Forces, they call for elections to be able to divert the rise of
the struggles that existed - which was already pre-insurrectionary - to parliamentary deception.

FIXED POINT PACT

Previous to this deception, they make a pact of National Unity and governance, among all the
bourgeois gangs, to give security to their masters of the transnational oil companies and they call
it: Fixed Point Pact. Formed by “COPEI” (Independent Electoral Political Committee), “A.D”.
(Democratic Action) and “URD” (Democratic Republican Union).

After winning the elections, a man of outstanding militancy and collaboration with Pérez
Jiménez‘s distactorship , Rómulo Betancur, of Democratic Action; they approve a new national
constitution.

The oil economy is benefited by the growing increase in Fuel prices internationally. And the
working class sees it and feels it in their muscles, which generates more energy to the worker rise
that was developing.

The oil transnationals begin to respond with a boycott of production, transferring an important
part of their machinery to the Middle East, however, the young oil proletariat fights fierce
struggles to avoid scrapping the industry, which is rapidly falling apart. Only in 1967, the state
company called: Venezuelan Petroleum Corporation was born.

Faced with this delicate political scenario, full of uncertainty and danger for the oil transnationals,
the native bourgeoisie responds with a nationalization plan of the oil industry and thus was born,
in 1975, what we know as” PDVSA” .

Is under Carlos Andrés Pérez’s government, which they launch this statist policy and they do so
preventively to prevent workers struggles from attacking the large private property of
transnationals and endangering the bourgeois order also. The struggling working class increasingly
cornered the government and its role as Commissioner Foreman. It was in complete crisis. The
exploited saw with their own eyes that was possible to govern themselves not only by the distant
experiences of the Russian and Chinese revolution, but also by the Cuban one, which was only a
few kilometers away.

Although the Cuban PC was a collaborator with the native bourgeoisie that posed as "progressive
and democratic." And they left him for the moment outside the Fixed Point pact.

They agree with all transnational corporations their respective compensation and, immediately,
“PDVSA” assumes the reins of the oil industry. Thanks to the fact that a generation of skilled
workers had already been formed in this industry.
AQUÍ FOTO PAG 49 …

“PDVSA” AND THE FIXED POINT PACT REGIME.

This Fixed Point Pact will determine a whole historical period of the Venezuela life, because, it was
an efficient political regime servile to imperialist domination.

It was a great governance agreement, based on the deception and corruption imposed by the
bourgeoisie and its parties, this time with the administration of oil in their hands, from the nascent
“PDVSA”, which continued to keep some oil transnationals as partners, in quality of Public Limited
Company, until today, after 39 years.

The exemplary struggle of the booming industrial oil proletariat, and a better price of oil in the
world market, conquered a renewal of machinery in “PDVSA”, which brought new and higher
production rates. The creation of new companies was also achieved productive at the hands of the
state and other nationalizations in the areas of the metallurgical industry and construction.

At the end of the ‘80s, the decaying and rotten features of the Fixed Point regime were
unquestionable. Corruption galloped and indebtedness to the IMF became notable and
unsustainable. On the continent, the Central American revolution was being strangled with a
perverse and bloody trap. The Castro brothers managed to castrate the Nicaraguan revolution
with their slogan: "Don't make Nicaragua a new Cuba"; while the ”Contra” (Mercenary Guerrilla),
led by the CIA - with the sinister John Negroponte - in the jungle bleed to the best of the vanguard
that was sent by the “FSLN” to face it in precarious conditions.

EN EL LIBRO NO ESTÁ ESTA LÍNEA

In El Salvador a bloody civil war was taking place that will last 11 years, where the genocidal
Armed Forces , supported and directed by the USA with Elliots Abrams at the helm, it will cause a
historical massacre, devastating and burning defenseless rural populations to exterminate the
impoverished and landless peasantry that had rebelled, in tune with the young urban proletariat
and student youth; for several years, before the Nicaragua uprising will erupt that will overthrow
the Somoza’s dictatorship. Such genocide, still unpunished, only comparable to those in Africa,
such as the one in Congo, left at least a hundred thousand dead, thousands injured and a million
exiles in a small country with only 5.5 million inhabitants and just 22,500 km. squares.

The Esquipulas and Contadora pacts first and, later, those of Chapultepec turned out to be “the
coffin screws” of the Central American revolution, because allowed the FSLN, with the Ortega to
head, to rebuild the bourgeois state, to recognize the external debt that Somoza left, concealed
the great property of the bourgeoisie and condemned the majority of the rural proletariat to
remain hungry and landless.

While in El Salvador the pact that would end the bloody violence was simmering, to South Africa:
Disarmament and fusion of the “FMLN” military apparatus with the Armed Forces genocidal,
impunity for the genocidal officer monitored and trained by the Pentagon, business for the
leadership of the "Front", transforming a sector of ex-guerrilla commanders into millionaire
businessmen, and while they distracted the farce of electoral deception sent a million workers into
exile.

The entire world, at that time, started to see the beginning of the final collapse of the old USSR,
led to the ruinous capitalist restoration by the new Stalinist bourgeoisie, headed by the Gorbachev
/ Yeltsin. And Deng Xiaoping's China, with the Tiananmen Square massacre, imposed a proslavery
capitalism by copying the despotic methods to the old emperors.

FOTO PAG 51 … Photo of Tiananmen Square. China

In this international scenario, the '88 elections in Venezuela took place, which Carlos Andrés Pérez
(CAP) of” A.D”, won for the second time. Well, in '74, he won the elections for the first time and
ruled until '79. It was in his administration that the oil and steel industry was nationalized, for this
political prestige before the masses is that he wins this second term. It assumes again then the
government at the beginning of '89. This was last senile mandate of the Fixed Point regime.

The electoral deception worked perfectly. The manipulation at the masses reached the extreme
that made them believe the "dream" of having voted for an old nationalist leader, and in just a few
days that dream became a "nightmare", because, now Carlos Andrés Pérez was an IMF man. He
did not hesitate to launch, weeks after assuming the government, a fierce monetarist attack that
became known as the "Paquetazo”. This was, raising the prices of food, medicines, fuels, taxes,
etc., to unreachable values for the working people, with only one objective: ensure the collection
of the State to pay the overwhelming interests of the External Debt. Oil prices for the floor.

Days after the monetarist fund attack of Carlos Andrés Pérez’s government, a rebellion
begins in the neighborhoods of the periphery of Caracas, which, in just a few hours, becomes a
mass uprising, from February 26 -27 until to 8 March of '89, remaining in the historical memory as:
“El Caracazo”.

CARACAZO AND THE MASACRE (At hands of the genocidal army officer).

The murderous Carlos Andrés Pérez’s government, surprised by such a response from the poor
and exploited people, does not hesitate to resort to repression. Decree Martial Law and the State
of Siege, and orders the army to slaughter thousands of defenseless working families fighting in
the streets demanding to cancel “el Paquetazo”.

The bloody scenes of that historical massacre lasted until the first week of March and the streets
were forever impregnated with fascist terror with the blood of the hungry people. At least 3,000
workers and youth were killed, hundreds of missing persons and thousands of injured were left in
the central streets of the cities of Caracas, Guarenas, La Guaira and Valencia.

The military operation was commanded by General Fernando Ochoa Antich, Carlos Andrés Pérez
Cabinet’s Defense Minister.
This generation of genocidal officers is what makes up the current Bolivarian generalship, of which
only Hugo Chávez is missing, for having died.

The terrible and outstanding bravery of this official, who did not hesitate to slaughter thousands of
workers and their children, unarmed and defenseless, is quickly rewarded by the bourgeois gangs,
which together guaranteed them absolute impunity, promotions and economic benefits. The
climate of fascist military terror lasted long months, the state of siege at night was transformed
into martial law, where there were daily criminal executions.

Once imposed the “Paquetazo”, with such a historical massacre, C. A. Pérez is strengthened and
continues in the government, settling down with Bonapartist features, maintaining a high degree
of militarization throughout the country.

The working class and youth move into resistance, grieving the cruel defeat and healing their
wounds in the most painful secrecy. The majority could not go to public hospitals because they
were under military control and tortured and kidnapped injured people from inside these
hospitals. Loading the costs of such a massacre on their backs, it must also bear over-dose
capitalist exploitation, to such an extent that, in just one year, the economy grows by 5.3%.

However, the prices of hydrocarbons in the world were falling apart and the Transnationals gang,
which represented Bush, massacred Iraq bombings in the Middle East, and the price of oil dropped
to $ 20 and $ 16 a barrel.

Three years after the massacre, the strength of Carlos Andrés Pérez’s murderous government
dissipated and on February 4, '92 there is a first failed coup attempt against the government
starring a fraction of the same murderous officers of the “Caracazo”. Standing out were 5
lieutenant colonels as visible heads of the movement, followed by 14 Army majors, 54 captains, 67
lieutenants, 65 non-commissioned officers, 101 troop sergeants and 2,056 soldiers. The
participants, belonging to 10 battalions, were part of the military garrisons of the states of Aragua,
Carabobo, Miranda, Zulia and the Federal District, and were led by the young officers, headed by
Hugo Chávez Frías and Francisco Arias Cárdenas, as well as Yoel Acosta Chirinos, Jesús Urdaneta
and Jesús Miguel Ortiz Contreras. This group was part of a new organization known as the
Bolivarian Revolutionary Movement 200 (MBR-200). Most end up incarcerated.

It is important to note that Colonel Hugo Chávez Frías, was already in charge of the Military
Garrison of the Army in the city of Caracas.

Ten months later, on November 27, there is a second unsuccessful coup attempt against Carlos
Andrés Pérez’s Government. On this occasion, civilians and soldiers participated in the coup
attempt. The most prominent names of this attempt were Hernán Grüber Odremán, Luis Enrique
Cabrera Aguirre, Luis Reyes Reyes, Francisco Visconti Osorio and the political parties” Red Flag”
and “Third Way”. They also end up incarcerated.

The main genocidal officers of these two coup attempts were aware of the weakening and debacle
of the government; they wanted to prevent a new mass uprising from overthrowing it and Carlos
Andrés Pérez with his cabinet ended up hanging in front of the Miraflores Palace.
The following year, in '93, Carlos Andrés Pérez is dismissed by parliament 9 months before the end
of his term, accused of corruption; This parliamentary dismissal is a preventive political operation
in the face of mass hatred and the struggles that were already developing. Proletariat, and
battalions of oil workers as leaders, were already beginning to recover from the crushing of the
“Caracazo”, 4 years ago.

Destined Carlos Andrés Pérez, is provisionally appointed Ramon J. Velásquez to complete his term.

FOTOS CARACAZO … PAG 55, 56

LAST GOVERNMENT OF THE ROTTEN FIXED POINT REGIME: RAFAEL CALDERA

The definitive end of cycle of the Fixed Point Pact regime came in 1998 with Rafael Caldera’s
government. He although was an old founder of COPEI, social-Christian, with whom he won the
elections for the first time in the year '68 -'73. This time, he won the elections with an alliance of
parties:” MAS” and “Convergencia”.

He assumes the government before a collapse and total financial ruin of the nation. He resolves it
by delivering many deposits to the looting of the oil transnationals, although he maintains the
state monopoly of oil exports and is not encouraged to privatize “PDVSA”. But he does not
hesitate to privatize the state steel company “SIDOR”.

To do this, he makes the legal conditions for the establishment of companies more flexible and the
price of a barrel of oil falls. This generates a boom short-term, bringing the record production of
“PDVSA” to 3.3 M B / D.

To give more stability to his government, Caldera also decrees an amnesty for all the jailed coup
leaders left by Carlos Andrés Pérez. Thus, two years after the two previous attempts, genocidal
officers are released on condition that they lay down their weapons and become a legal political
party.

Time later, the foundation of a military party with characteristics of Bonapartist lodge, headed by
the dismissed colonel Hugo Chávez, is made public, with the name of: Movement for the Fifth
Republic (MVR), which includes all the officers that came from trying overthrow Carlos Andrés
Pérez.

Caldera ends his term in 1998, symbolizing the final collapse of the “Fixed Point” regime. It hated
by the masses and again in the midst of a wave of economic crisis, corruption and collapse of
“PDVSA” machinery.

At 30 years of “CARACAZO”, neither in the disappeared regime of the Fixed Point nor in its
Bolivarian substitute, NEVER JUDGED ANYONE OF THOSE RESPONSIBLE FOR SEMEJANTE
HISTORICAL MASSACRE. THE KILLING OFFICER OF CARACAZO IS THE CURRENT GENERALSHIP
BOLIVARIAN, WHICH DRESSES IN RED DISGUISE THAT PENDING ACCOUNT WITH THE WORKING
CLASS AND THE POOR VENEZUELAN PEOPLE.

Ten years after this criminal deed, on February 27, Chavez, in an act /video in 2009, which is still
on YouTube: https: // www.youtube.com/watch?v=RL7roZt-Plw, recognizes his responsibility and
that of his colleagues, doing demagogy with "crocodile tears" sends his condolences to the
victims’ families.

Above the political lawsuits of the bourgeois cliques for the administration of oil income, as
Commissioners, in the 21st century, they are joined by the strategy of preserving that gang of
criminals of their people who are the officers of all Armed Forces.

Guaidó currently denounces the crimes of “Los Colectivos”, but does not get tired of demanding
his appreciation, respect and support for the high official status, which AMNESTY promises to win
its trust.

Only a new and superior mass rebellion can settle accounts, judge, condemn and punish those
murderers, with Popular Courts, headed by the “COFAVIC” (Committee of Victims’ Relatives) and
workers and student’s organizations that are not stained with the blood of the people. This is the
only worthy tribute that the martyrs of the Venezuelan working class deserve.

1998: HUGO CHÁVEZ WINS NATIONAL ELECTIONS

The rotten corpse of the old regime of the Fixed Point pact, and its 1961 Constitution, caused the
repudiation and tiredness of the poor Venezuelan people, which was quickly diverted to the new
electoral trap, which took shape in the elections at the end of 1998.

The new military party: “MVR” (Fifth Republic Movement), got 19.45% of the votes in the first
round, but in the second round, or Ballotage that takes place on December 6, 1998, has the
support of the so-called Patriotic Pole, formed by the “MVR”, Movement to Socialism (MAS),
Communist Party of Venezuela (PCV), “Patria Para Todos” (PPT) and four other small
organizations. It wins, with 56.20% of the votes cast - 30% of the total register -, widely surpassing
its closest opponents: Henrique Salas Römer, with 39.97% and Irene Sáez, with 2.82%.

On February 2, 1999, Chavez assumed the presidency of Venezuela with the following oath: “I
swear before God, I swear before the Fatherland, I swear before my people that on this dying
Constitution (1961) I will promote the necessary democratic transformations so that the new
Republic has a Magna Carta appropriate to the new times. I swear!"

AQUÍ FOTO PAG 59 … Chavez swearing in his first term

CHÁVEZ’S FIRS TERM: BONAPARTISM, COMMODITIES BOOM AND “COLLECTIVES”EMERGENCY

The continental panorama, when Chávez assumes control of the decadent Venezuela inherited
from the Fixed Point regime, the era of the end of stale regimes and IMF Commissioning
governments, based on usury and financial speculation, completely exhausted and discredited.
With bulky external debts that exceeded the balance of payment of impoverished countries across
the continent. The first one that explodes is Ecuador. After is Argentina.
A great wave of anti-imperialist hatred runs through the region, as a ghost of the revolution, with
the scent of the 60s-70s.

In the previous decade, based on unlimited indebtedness and financial super speculation,
privatization or auctioning of state-owned companies continues as requirements of the IMF
usurers.

This "Chicago Boys" policy had wreaked havoc on the ranks of the working class. Millions of layoffs
were throughout the continent; and these governments, had been exhausted and generated a
new wave of workers and youth struggles.

Contradictorily, the most advanced sectors of the previous period were now the most delayed.
Central America was, in this moment, in the bitter defeat and the capitalist restoration in Cuba
galloped in the wake of the first pro-bourgeois constitutional reform.

Chávez, aware that had on his back the danger of total paralysis due to industrial collapse of
“PDVSA”, aggravated by low oil and production prices, in a ruined Venezuela, corroded by
corruption and ineptitude from the monetarist fund governments of the Fixed Point Pact;
accelerates a Constitutional reform.

But while the most impoverished sectors supported him, the heart of the productive working
class, which at least one sector had voted in the recent elections, looked at him with suspicion and
fair distrust. Because - this sector had in memory of the “Caracazo” massacre - given the
abundance of arrogant officers doing politics, where the Armed Forces were the backbone of
power, what was breathing were Bonapartist airs of a military government with a lot of popular
demagogy.

He had the backing of 3,673,685 votes, which was 56.35% of the electorate who went to the ballot
boxes, with a total of 11,013,020. That is to say it was limited support.

But, if we compare the percentage of the “MVR” (Fifth Republic Movement) with the entire
electoral roll, it is only 30%. Take into account that about 65% went to vote, of which almost half a
million voted void. Valid votes 6,537. 304 (93.55%). Null votes 450,987 (6.45%). This is the
historical truth.

These numbers explain that Chavez, in his beginnings - truly - far from embodying a strong
Bonapartist government, was rather anemic and with limited mass support. The “MVR” only took
19% when it was presented alone for the first time. Its candidacy, in the second round, was
supported by half a dozen center-left political parties when it won.

However, the new Bolivarian government did not have a structure of cadres and militants rooted
in the working class and the poor Venezuelan people because their origin was not that, but
military, and Chávez was originally from a town far from Caracas.

His party, the “MVR”, was essentially mid-range and high-ranking officials. In addition to some
trade unionists who, in the face of the surprise electoral success, come looking for some privilege
in the State. This was a problem that subjected him to a contradiction, of being strong in the super
structure of the State and weak in the social class structure. For his political phenomenon was
essentially parastatal military, with a limited popular electoral support of impoverished and
chronically unemployed sectors. The rest are fables and legends far from reality.

Unlike the ”PT” (Of “Lula”), in Brazil for example, which had roots since its birth in the working
class and then was further strengthened by the support of the church with its thousands of
militants. In the favelas, which were called “Base Commissions".

Chavez tries to overcome this serious problem of his political genesis by launching a strong
continental political campaign with the motto of BOLIVARIAN REVOLUTIONS, aware that the
Southern Cone was about to explode. On a national level, his Bonapartist political plan to subdue
and control the Venezuelan exploited was evident, but he didn’t have to do it. The leaders of the
workers' union organizations were mostly not subject to the verticalism of the “MVR” (Fifth
Republic Movement) , although many supported it.

From the beginning, Chávez eagerly intended to nationalize all workers and youth organizations,
but that could not be done by decree because his authority was not enough to discipline the
workers as if they were a battalion of soldiers. And at a stroke he wanted to centralize the
management of state companies in a few hands with his will over all social classes and institutions
of the regime - as every Bonapartist government does. And he couldn't either.

In 2002, the “Chavista” government was overthrown for 48 hours and Chávez flees to Cuba with
his family. It is important to note that he falls not because of the audacity and courage of his
opponents, but because of his own cowardice. Well, it was enough that the generalship of the
Armed Forces disobeying an order from him to suppress an oil strike in “PDVSA” to resign without
anyone publicly demanding him.

Being in evidence not only his temperament but also his stunted organizational relationship with
the poor masses as soon as some isolated skirmishes arose and almost no one defended him.

Then, he is replaced in the government before the danger that a massive rebellion becomes
insurrectionary, and thanks to his friend, General Raúl Baduel, then commander of the 42nd
Paratrooper Infantry Brigade gathered senior Army officers to return him power.

Chavez, after this scare offensively launches the organizational tactic of "Bolivarian Circles", which
a year ago had propagated it, to take root in deep sectors of the working people. Far from
promoting the organization of organizations based on Direct Democracy and self-organization, he
will directly organize the lumpen sectors of the neighborhoods of Caracas and other nearby cities.

He immediately succeeds in diverting a lot of money from the State to maintain and buy the
loyalty of this sector of the marginal population that had long since come outside the economy
and production, they are not unemployed or employees who enter and leave production, but
chronic decomposed people, victim of bourgeois decay.

To hide this colonial Bonapartist policy, after being replaced in the government once the coup
attempt has been overcome, he baptizes them with the name of “COLECTIVOS”, in reference to
the guerrilla groups of the '60s that were in Venezuela. This is the origin of what would soon be
these PARASTATAL BANDS, which later have territorial control of the neighborhoods, organized
and financed by the State with a single objective: TERRORIZE WORKING CLASS NEIGHBORHOODS
to prevent them from rebelling against the hunger and repression policy of the Bolivarian
government.

Then Chávez launches the Missions Plan (subsidies for the unemployed) and the distribution of
food in the neighborhoods and this function is given, partially, to the nascent Collectives. Together
with the selective distribution of light weapons to the different bands that disciplined this state
policy.

This police role of the nascent Collectives is strengthened after Chavez dissolves the Caracas
Metropolitan Police, whose chief was Ivan Simonovis, who was one of the organizers of the coup
that deposed him for 48 hours.

If we dispense with verse, Caribbean political quackery and "socialist" folklore, the Collectives are
NATIONALIZED ”MARAS” under the control and monitoring of the Armed Forces and intelligence
agencies. They have discipline and military loyalty thanks to the “PDVSA” checkbook. Some do
neighborhood help, but most are parapolice shock forces.

Then, with Maduro, I will demonstrate how they transformed the Collectives into paramilitary
gangs that kill any activist or worker who rebels in slums submerged in misery and despair. There
are currently 5 that cover the entire territory of Caracas.

AQUÍ FOTO PAG 63… Photo Chavez’s removal in 2002

All kinds of administrative autonomy of state business management clashed head-on with the
arrogance of the ”MVR”(Fifth Republic Movement), and in the face of the social crisis the
government tries to reduce the costs of everything that is State services. The presidencies of
“PDVSA” did not last a year before the centralist Bonapartist ”Chavista” pressure.

He then, tries to impose a restructuring of the largest companies in the State, which would allow
him to lower expenses and subject them to his tight control. In the State enterprises there was the
statutory criterion of the Suitability to fill vacancies and promotions;”MVR Chavista” came
blatantly to replace Suitability for Loyalty, Science for Belief and Criticism for Submission. A true
obscurantist involution, well known in the colonial military ideology.

During the first 3 years of his first term Maduro fiercely attacked the central battalions of the oil,
metallurgical, construction, and state employees (public health). For this reason, there were tough
strikes and street fighting that lasted for months.

He managed to defeat them and then dismissed about 15,000 oil workers and ruled out the
management of “PDVSA”, liquidating the relative administrative autonomy he had and reserved
for himself the use and abuse of oil profits. Maduro destroyed, in three years, the "human capital"
(Engineers and Technicians, skilled workers) that the nation had conquered within “PDVSA” in the
last 25 years.

He left about 20,000 health workers on the street, leaving a criminal hospital crisis in the large
concentrations of the slums throughout Venezuela. And in a brutal and ignorant way they wanted
to replace it with a new criterion in the medical study plan in universities based on clinical
vulgarity and generality, where the "new socialist doctors" proved to have no knowledge of
nurses.

While the countries throughout South America benefited from hosting thousands of doctors,
engineers and technicians, how much effort came from it cost them to train the exploited
Venezuelan people. The whole world now, which collapses Venezuela in the gloom, looks amazed
this historical "fatality" that are the consequences of these retrograde Bolivarian policies. Only
comparable with the brutalities that the despot Stalin did in the USSR of the '40s or Mao, with his
“cultural revolution” China, to mention some monstrous comparisons of the last century, beyond
the different genesis from which they came last.

The boom in Commodities' price surges, worldwide, saved “PDVSA” from the Collapse - although
production continued to fall - and the first period of the Chavez’s government. This “tail wind” in
the economy, plus the enormous continental political operation that the nascent Bolivarian
currents mounted, associated with other political currents, that go from the “PT of Lula”, through
the “MAS” of Evo Morales of Bolivia, the Castro Brothers , which raffled the prestige of the Cuban
revolution to be used by the nascent “Boliburguesías”, to the Uruguayan Broad Front and other
bourgeois currents such as the Argentine “Kirchnerismo” and Correa in Ecuador, gave Chávez a
huge push and political prestige.

They made millions believe internationally that Chavez was the new international leader "anti-
capitalist and anti-imperialist." Paladin of his "Socialism of the 21st Century". The “PDVSA”
checkbook lubricated this campaign while deepening oil fields, hydroelectric dams and public
hospitals disinvestment, which now -2019- explodes leaving all of Venezuela in darkness.

Chávez and his Bolivarian International embodied, according to the false publicity, the birth of that
dreamed "liberating, progressive and democratic bourgeoisie" that had not existed in the previous
two centuries, which came to take the entire continent out of colonial backwardness. What was
the task of the exploited - according to Bolivarian marketing - who fought? Submit to the political
leadership of these Bolivarian leaders and get carried away on the path of the Revolution through
the stages they proclaimed. Thus, posing as verborragic fighters, the great mass rebellions of the
entire continent were appropriated and manipulated. Climbed to the top of an unparalleled
megalomania they told the United States that without them nothing could continue to be done in
the region; and in return, they demanded that they share the spoils, as minor partners, of the
plundering of the wealth of nations.

They did this blatantly while hiding, in a dark corner, their Central American partners of the “FSLN”
and the “FMLN”, who already ruled with the whip in their hands and many of their leaders were
already visibly millionaires with the hunger of their people. They also concealed that Colonel
Gutierrez, in Ecuador, had already been overthrown by a mass insurrection.

With much distracting trade they hid “under the carpet” the invasion of Haiti by the USA Southern
Command, which from its offices in Miami led the MINUSTAH troops (United Nations Stabilization
Missions in Haiti) were troops rental service to the USA .That since 2004 the contingent consisted
of approximately 7,000 military personnel called “Blue Helmets”, from Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil,
Canada, Chile, Colombia, Croatia, Ecuador, El Salvador, the United States, Philippines, France,
Guatemala, Honduras , Italy, Jordan, Nepal, Pakistan, Paraguay, Peru, Dominican Republic, Sri
Lanka and Uruguay. Brazil was who sent more troops. This is how Haiti was occupied for 13 years,
from 2004 to 2017. What a shame! With the story of “humanitarian aid”, they sent mercenary
troops to protect the bourgeois business and order to the USA.

The new generations will surely apologize to the brother of the Haitian black people and will judge
all those militia rapists, murderers and bearers of Cholera who have been publicly denounced,
since the new street demonstrations in “Port-au-Prince”, without anyone listening.

AQUÍ FOTO PAG 67… Troops of the Blue Helmets in Haiti

As the boom in the Commodities or raw materials price bubble lasted about 5 years, this allowed
them to calm the hunger of hungry legions and amass a lot of money to finance their political
apparatus. This was also the material basis of the prolonged life of the rest of the Bolivarian
political bourgeoisies of the Southern Cone, plus the devaluations of the currencies that pushed a
cheap cycle of export of manufactures - with gifted workmanship - together with the bulky
businesses of the public works on appraised.

As a practical demonstration, they liked to show off in an arrogant way that their governments
were bringing electricity to the Favelas in Brazil, to the slums of the hills of Caracas, to the
Argentine Villas, to the Chilean Populations, soft credits to the urban middle classes, some plans of
cheap housing, transportation and subsidized food and fundamentally disengaging the states
paying, even in cash, the IMF (FMI), as did the Kirchnerism emptying the state reserves.

And what were the Bolivarians bourgeois plans of industrialization, scientific development, quality
health and service to the masses, massive housing and infrastructure, long and medium term
education for their respective countries, sellers of raw raw materials? NONE.

On what specific issue did they face the imperialist transnationals and their banks to return
something and for historical looting? Did they call the masses to rebel to confiscate their
investments and not pay them for fraudulent external debts? As, for example, USA did, when it
became independent from England. NOTHING. Pure verse.

The truth is unfriendly and hateful like premature death; In the middle of the second decade of
the 21st century, Venezuela continues to sell less and less crude oil. Argentina and Uruguay sell
raw grains and meat. Chile sells copper just washed with water. Bolivia sells minerals and
hydrocarbons with zero work incorporated, etc., etc. Central America and the entire Caribbean
were transformed into textile manufacturing ”Maquilas” and platforms of the USA navy, and
quietly all those banana bourgeoisie do a magnificent business with the outcasts they sent into
exile in the USA and CANADA receiving monthly millions of dollars as remittances. As do the black
bourgeoisies of North Africa, providers of "Nanas" (domestic workers) to the rich oil classes of the
Middle East.
 CHÁVEZ’S REELECTION 2006

Chávez's second term was with a great electoral victory of 7,161,637 votes. Internationally, the
Busch gang slaughtered the Iraqi people. Bolivarians declared - until they remain aphonic - to be
against such a political crime against a small backward nation, but they NEVER did anything
concrete; they never stopped selling oil to the USA as a concrete measure of solidarity to the Iraqi
people. It is known that from the refineries of the east-south coast the aircraft carriers of the
Yankee Navy were fueled by “PDVSA” oil. On the contrary, the Bolivarians, from the government,
displayed the circumstantial riches of the Venezuelan state without interrupting, for a minute, the
business with their wholesale buyer, who was the USA.

They traveled all over the continent noting that they were the ones who financed all the events
that publicized their new “Bolivarian International”.

In those days, the Yankee bipartisan regime creaks and collapses as a result of the blows of the
first political / military defeats of the war adventures in the Middle East. Millions were mobilizing
against Bush junior and the bipartisan regime, millimeters was the conscience of the exploited to
revive the ghost of Vietnam (Yankees Go Home), with the echoes of the cry of the revolutionary
Argentine rebellion of 2001: Let all go!

The Yankee Stablisment was able to divert this street torrent thanks to later removing Obama
from the galley, "selling" the illusory idea that he would be the new black candidate for the first
time in USA history. He was to be president to "represent the excluded and homeless." Taking the
South African case as a historical example, with Mandela and the ANC (African National Congress),
that was still supported by the exploited African black people.

Who does make this scammer marketing credible? The new Bolivarian International, with Chavez
and the Castro brothers in the lead.

The reconstruction of that damned bipartisan Bonapartist regime would not have been possible
without the active militancy of the Bolivarians, who by then enjoyed strong political prestige
throughout the continent.

They held the cynical of Obama until his second term, which ends in 2016. That broke the record in
deportation of immigrants, he opposed the need to recognize financial compensation to
generations descended from slaves throughout the USA, increased the military budget and the CIA
continued to maintain its regime of torture in clandestine prisons such as Guantanamo and
throughout the world.

Faced with the crack of 2008, while millions of families lost their mortgaged homes, Obama came
out to rescue the usury banks and USA transnationals with state reserves.

This period of Chávez - his second term - is, without a doubt, a great heyday and passing vitality.
Well, his own strength was based in a colonial backward economy, which would be subject to the
duration of the Commodities price bubble. However, the Bolibourgeoisie felt "stronger and more
durable than the elite of the old Inca empire." For that reason he returns to reform the
Constitution and manages to legitimize the indefinite reelection.
(According to research, in the years 1998 to 2017, the oil business generated 1.01 billion dollars
for Venezuela. “El País” Newspaper, Spain. 10/23/2018).

If we remember that the Marshall Plan, in the middle of the last century, cost US $ 13,000 million,
equivalent to, according to current statistics, at least US $ 70,000 million, we can deduce that the
Bolibourgeoisie has squandered some 14 Marshall plans in two decades. I do not doubt that it will
be a subject of study, in the coming years, such an unprecedented event in history.

The political megalomania of this Bolivarian current came to have incredible borders. That over
surprises and jokes, new generations of fighters must reflect to get their correct lessons.

To chat inside the congresses and meetings of the UN and the OAS (OEA), these leaders had
promoted the tactics of “anti-imperialist” Blocs with Caribbean partners. To give continuity and
stability to its plan, it occurred to Chavism to promote a policy based on hydrocarbon mercantile
principles, to name them simply.

To cover up such delirium and embezzlement, they founded the company: “Petrocaribe”.

This plan was to give them 14 small countries of the Caribbean and C.A. oil, almost given away, in
exchange for staying side by side with the Bolivarian governments / countries when the “anti-
imperialist” votes were made and trade made.

Thus they imposed on “PDVSA”, from 2005 to 2014, to squander at least 346 million barrels of oil,
equivalent to about US $ 28,000 million. This is the material explanation of the emergence
Caribbean mini bourgeoisies linked to the fuel business, throughout the past decade, in small
islands and countries that do not have a drop of oil in their subsoils. It was a kind of “banana
lobby” to do politics on the backs of “PDVSA”. Although it should not be forgotten that it is only a
small percentage of the BILLION dollars that wasted in a decade.

Since he had already militarized “PDVSA” from top to bottom, and had succeeded in firing the
workers activism that fought to maintain its conquests and relative state autonomy, in just 4 years
it went from having 53,000 employees in 2006 to 100,000 four years later. While production
continued to fall. Step 3.3 MB / D to 2.6MB / D.

These are the main countries with the largest proven oil reserves worldwide:

Position Country Crude barrels (in billions)

1 Venezuela 300.9

2 Saudi Arabia 266.5

3 Canada 169.7

4 Iran 158.4
5 Iraq 142.5

6 Kuwait 101.5

7 United Arab Emirates 97.8

8 Russia 80

9 Libya 48.4

10 Nigeria 37.1

11 United States 36.5

12 Kazakhstan 30

13 China 25.6

14 Qatar 25.2

15 Brazil 12.7

Source: CIA World Factbook

Until last year, international statistics reported that the cost of producing a barrel of crude in the
Saudi kingdom is less than US $ 9, according to OPEC data. In Venezuela and Brazil, according to
the same source, it is US $ 27.62 and US $ 34.99 respectively. In these prices the determining
factor is not the cost of labor, but the quality or type of oil. Well, the more sandy or heavy the
more expensive is its extraction and pumping or transport. And the more liquid, the cheaper its
extraction and pumping.

Also, for oil transnationals, the percentage that they must pay to the states as taxes or withholding
taxes when exporting them weighs heavily. For example, in the USA, they are high.

In the midst of the generalized collapse of the Venezuelan nation, “PDVSA” production, at the end
of the first quarter of 2019, would barely reach 900,000 B / D. That is, it would be less than a third
than 20 years ago.

Returning to resume the evolution of Chavism on this branch of the productive industry, which has
been and continues to be the heart of the Venezuelan economy, Chávez did not hesitate to fill
“PDVSA” with inept militants and disguised them as workers, who far from having a job or interest
in learning it, the only abundant condition they had to prove was to be "loyal" to the government.

The good salaries for this legion of “Chavistas” were political rents. The high price of oil that still
remained, allowed them to sustain this bourgeois lumpen policy, postponing the essential
reinvestment in machinery and new drilling in the fields. Under these conditions they launch the
“PSUV” (Venezuelan Unified Socialist Party).
 “PSUV” 2008 IS BORN

With 1,681 delegates, who would participate in the Foundational Congress, installed on January
12, 2008 and March 2 of the same year. Representing - they said - 1,200,000 members, the PSUV
(Venezuelan Unified Socialist Party) was born on March 14, 2008.

It then presented a new Regional election and in the elections held on November 23, 2008 the
PSUV won a resounding victory and became the greatest political force when it managed to
position 17 Governors and 265 Mayors, in addition to the 141 Deputies with whom It already had
the National Assembly.

This is the period of greatest passenger boom, because the world was reeling with the financial
Crack in the heart of the United States. And the Bolibourgeoisie danced drunk with the bulky oil
royalties, as if it were above the "Titanic, after colliding with the Iceberg." Ignoring the crack waves
would end the Commodities Bubble overpricing scam sooner rather than later. For it was not a
new economic cycle of the international economy that could last, but the opposite. It was a simple
and crude financial maneuver of the large transnationals and their banks that were manipulating
prices from their cave on Wall Street and the City of London. However, Bolivarian "thinkers"
believed that the eternal feast would continue.

In this festive climate of the Bolivarian political apparatus, the divestment was quietly devouring
“the tissues and bones” of the Venezuelan productive apparatus, such as osteoporosis in a
decalcified and senile body, reflecting in the decreasing trend of oil, metallurgical, electrical
production, etc. But that made no noise because it dampened over oil prices.

AQUÍ FOTO PAG 74… 7 sisters photo

"The Seven Sisters": British Petroleum, Chevron, Esso, Gulf, Mobil, Shell and Texaco. The great
Anglo-Saxon companies that dominated the oil market in the world until the ‘80s.

SIDOR: The continuous struggle of 15 months against slavery

This company was founded by the Venezuelan state in 1953, and privatized in 1997 under the last
government of the Fixed Point Pact: Rafael Caldera.

It was acquired by the Argentine transnational Vatican:”Ternium”. This company was known as the
"Industrial Jewel of the Caribbean", and was not a chauvinist grandiloquence, there were objective
reasons. Their 2,800 hectares of the Orinoco Steelworks (Sidor) in Ciudad Guayana, in southern
Venezuela, were the symbol of that name. It had 15,000 workers and 70 production lines. They
had earned respect with a production of 4,200,000 tons of steel back in 2007. And it was he who
gave life to all of Guyana for the thousands of small supplier companies that employed the same
number of workers.
This steel proletariat, fed up with the insatiable employer greed that imposed terrible slavery on
them, with deadly levels of unhealthiness and miserable wages, one day they decided to rebel and
in 2006 they defied management with a struggle that lasted more than a year. And they would
lead to a semi paralysis and chaos to the production chain of the entire industrial plant. Chávez's
policy was to support the company by giving guarantees to property and capital, which is why they
barely lost internal control in the workers ranks, he does not hesitate to launch a rapid
Nationalization agreed with the Rocca family and the Vatican. That was $ 1900 million. This
amount of compensation was an international scandal, to such an extent that a former “Techint”
hierarchical employee, of Venezuelan origin at the time, declared: “In July 2008 we made a 100%
valuation of “Sidor” and was worth only 1.900 millions of dollars” , Peñaloza Subero, who
“Techint” was awarded to finish his career, was senior analyst of financial economic planning at
“Sidor” between 2004 and 2008 and later head of the Budget and Financial Economic Projections
sector of the nationalized steelmaker. That is, 60% was equivalent to 1,140 million. “I am against
Chavism, but I wanted my country not to overpay the company, which it ended up doing. Chavez
overpaid for “Sidor”,”says Peñaloza Subero. NEWS 1/3/2019.

Well, the other 40% of the shares were maintained by “Techint”. Then, they applied the same
“medicine” that they injected to “PDVSA”: Dismissal of labor activism, internal militarization and
doubled its number of employees with men loyal to the apparatus of the Chavism and useless
when it comes to work. Needless to say, this political operation of Nationalization ended up being
in a few years the slow and announced death of “SIDOR”.

As this leader confirmed: "The military has paralyzed the plant because of poor management and
not because of the workers," Leonardo Azócar, the union leader of the largest union in “Sidor”,
told Reuters. The company barely produces 309,106 Ton. of the metal, according to figures at the
end of 2017, reviewed the “Correo del Caroní”.

The unionist explained that the plant has been virtually paralyzed for 25 days and that so far this
year has not produced "not a ton of liquid steel", although it has shipped a few tons of pellets,
2019.

Conclusion: The Bolivarian state management, after a decade, led to the collapse of “SIDOR”.

The cement companies had the same final: CEMEX (Mexican), Holcim (Switzerland) and Lafarge
(French). And let's not talk about the rest of the smaller companies, which became a thousand, as
they say in this quotation: “According to this research, 1,168 companies were intervened in a
decade, exactly between 2002 and 2012. The five economic sectors where there were a greater
number of expropriations of companies were: construction, agroindustrial, oil, commercial and
food. A more updated survey of this organization, which includes the 13 years that Chávez
remained in power, raises the number of companies, sheds and expropriated land to 1,440.” El
Economista” newspaper, 03-03-2013 ”

And according to “El Nacional”, of 08-13-2018, at least 1,000 have been taken to collapse and total
ruin.
Such a historical havoc, is it an accident? Is it an ungrateful result? Is it a consequence of friction
with the USA and for being a backward country - although with a rich subsoil? Was it because of
the "crush" of the Bolivarian leaders with the E.U.?

History has shown that bourgeois nationalizations in backward, more or less colonized countries,
have been a step forward, although they end up generating a form of State Capitalism, and in its
shadow a shamelessly crawling and parasitic bourgeoisie is forged. But in the Venezuelan case we
are facing a pathetic generalized balance, with a degree of deranged destruction that borders on
sadism. Own a Lumpen bourgeoisie impregnated with a prominent rural ignorance. To date, the
data on the total embezzlement of the nation financial reserves as a result of all nationalizations
are not publicly known. Although, these capitals must be included in the BILLION of dollars that
they squandered in two decades.

It is very likely that it has been a perverse political plan, designed to break the morale of the
exploited strategically, who with just historical reason have struggled for at least 30 years to take
the reins of the country in their hands, that is, to establish their own government and at the service
of the needs of the laborious majority. To deceive better, was the Bolivarian verse of 21st Century
Socialism and Market Socialism. While they imposed a despotic state capitalism, under military
administration, which in principle safeguarded the great capitalist bourgeois property, before the
exploited who fought and immediately sacked these companies to throw the ruins to the masses.

For these nationalizations, being under a Bonapartist regime, with military verticalism, imposed on
the working class the dismissal of their best representatives, and even murders with hired
assassins, to accept delegating their democratic rights to control the administration and
production; and to delegate in the hands of this band of lumpen Bolibourgeoisie officers,
impregnated with ignorance and stupidity that will surely be a subject to be studied in the coming
years.

In other words, these perfidious administrations of nationalized companies is the most damaging
damage to the conscience and life of the laborious masses from within the ruined nation itself, so
that the new generations will be forced to think that the struggle of their exploited parents and
grandparents has been in vain and that they should delegate to the exploitative and parasitic
classes - military and civilian -their representation and administration of the economy and political
power. Where they must renounce to stand up organizations based on Direct Democracy, unitary
for the territorial political and economic struggle and by productive sector, to seize power and that,
on the contrary, should only submit to sustain with their back and sacrifice to those backward
bourgeois institutions inherited of Fixed Point and Bolivarians.

AQUÍ FOTO PAG 78 … “SIDOR” industrial plant

YO CREO QUE LA FOTO VA AQUÍ

2012 CHAVEZ’S NEW REELECTION

Thus, Chávez arrives in 2012, and on October 7 was reelected with 55.07% of the votes - 8.1
million votes - in a contest where he was measured with the “opponent” Henrique Capriles, who
achieved 44 , 31% (6.5 million votes), who always made clear their active support for the
Bolivarian Constitution.
However, Chávez is soon surprised by two phenomena that struck him politically and personally.
The first was the collapse of the bubble of over-prices -2012 / 14- and, the second, was his
irreversible and deadly disease.

In a "blink of an eye" everything that was strength and abundance would become weakness and
shortage. Love became hate. The joy became sadness, and so began what was then an accelerated
unstoppable political ruin.

This panorama becomes continental, announcing a true end of the historical political cycle of the
Bolivarian regimes. As his partners throughout the Southern Cone, after a decade, the only thing
left in abundance was the discredit and hatred of the poor people.

Recall that the price of the barrel reached its peak in the spring of 2008, when it reached close to
US $ 140 / barrel, and Soybeans were worth US $ 640 per ton. Stabilizing in the next 4 years,
around U$ 100 / barrel of oil.

But as we will see later, the collapse came from 2014. When its price was only US $ 28 / barrel.

Chavez, tormented by his terminal illness and doubly disoriented in his last months of life,
encounters another inevitable "genetic" political problem: The absence of leaders in his “PSUV”,
with prestige in the poor people, who can achieve a "substitution" of his leadership. This question
was inevitable for its origins, that is, because of the bonapartist nature of its military verticalist
organization.

At the last moment, he manages to name Nicolás Maduro as his successor. But the beginning of
the decline and end of the political cycle of the varnished Bolivarian regimes of "socialist
popularity" was already irremediable. Until, on March 5, 2013, his death is made public.

AQUÍ FOTO PAG 80… Photo: Chávez’s death. March 2013

MADURO AND THE BOLIVARIAN DECLINE

Nicolás Maduro begins to exercise the government as if it were a bourgeois "inheritance", believing
that his predecessor transferred not only state power, but also his career and political authority in
the nation.

Without repairing that he came from being a simple driver and unionist of urban transport in
Caracas, co-opted by Chávez, until he became a member of Cabinet positions. Before the masses he
was unknown and lacked his own political authority.

Therefore, the symptoms of a growing crisis of political legitimacy appear, aggravated by the
declining price of oil, which accelerates and drags another domestic: The divestment of “PDVSA”,
which after a few years will bring the industrial collapse and the collapse of its production. And
with it, that of the rest of the Nationalized productive companies, which will lead the entire nation
to ruin.

Throughout the text we have seen the Bolibourgeoisie ineptitude to support the administration
of “PDVSA” and the thousand nationalized companies in acceptable conditions. This was not
possible even with historical oil prices and strong political capital, with Chávez still alive, at least in
the first 10 years of government.

What proves, again, that the only class capable of fulfilling that role is the working class, as long as
it manages to organize itself with its own methods and setting up its own fighting institutions for
that historical task together with the appropriate selection of its genuine leaders.

Because earlier than later, it must fight for Political Power. That is the lesson left by the genuine
Soviet socialist revolution of 1917. But this, to date, was not possible and, therefore, the
Venezuelan nation has entered a painful spiral of boundless decline. The "Socialism of the 21st
century" and "Market Socialism", with its "Revolution by Stages", is a historical scam.

Unfortunately, we must also say that it is not the only case where an exploited people is deceived
by this reformist political ideology. But just to refresh the memory, let us remind the youth that
Allende, in Chile, promoted the government with the story of "Socialism on the Pacific Road."

As soon as Maduro begins to govern, the situation begins to be "skinny cows", because a year and
a half after being in the government, oil and gas prices collapsed, and there are no public records
that no one has alerted to the "hurricane" that was coming.

Because brutality, ignorance and quackery in all areas has been a characteristic feature of this
political current since its inception. On the contrary, the Bolivarian leaders were impregnated with
a "Rasputinian" belief based on "power and eternal wealth", "communication with the deceased
through talking birds", coined by the huge proven oil reserves.

How does Maduro start to get around this serious situation? Bonapartizing even more the regime
and his government. Well, he could not be supported by the masses, because far from increasing
democratic rights and conquests economic, begins to trim in the best "Fixed Point” style.

A new parastatal intelligence agency is inaugurated, the Strategic Center for Homeland Security
and Protection (CESPPA). That would be a copy of the Cuban G2, a "banana KGB." From here he
centralizes all the snitches of the State.

And he completes this “Napoleonic” turn by making a new pact with the generalship of the
“FANB”. That is that they "provide support and loyalty" and his government gives them the
administration and management of all the 20 main productive companies of the State, as we will
see in detail. For this he created that he called: the Socialist Military Economic Zone, an
exclusively military business development plan. He seemed to copy the Business Administration
Group (Gaesa), through which the Cuban armed forces reserve the management of a large part of
the State businesses, including tourism and other lucrative activities of the island.

Although this plan is more similar to the generalship business of the Armed Forces Of Egipt.
Chávez begins a semicolonial state capitalism, which it was covered up with the verse of "21st
century socialism", and Maduro deepens it by giving it the hallmark of a 100% parastatal military
administration.

This quote, graphs well the evolution of this policy that has the form of state capitalism, but that is
only the way to cover up the emergence of a crawling bolibourgeoisie:
“At the beginning of his government, in April 2013, Venezuelan President Nicolás Maduro
considered that the Bolivarian National Armed Forces (FANB) should build a powerful
conglomerate within the framework of the Military Economic Zone.

And for four years, the “FANB” did not stop efforts to expand its domain: oil companies,
construction companies, agricultural firms, insurance, banks and factories of clothing and vehicles
are part of the group of companies in the hands of the “Chavistas” military”, according to the
Venezuelan media : “Crónica uno”.

Between 1956 and 1998, the activity of the Armed Forces focused on the development and import
of ammunition and equipment. During the Hugo Chávez’s government, they created a construction
company and an assembler of armored vehicles, but with the arrival of Maduro the number of
firms grew.

Between 2013 and 2017, 14 new military companies were created in key areas, with which the
economic power of the “FANB” amounted to a total of 20 industries. Vladimir Padrino López,
Minister of Defense, said this year that it is necessary to boost the military engine and ordered
companies to "increase their productivity and efficiency."

"The military apparatus must reduce the dependence on essential goods and pose challenges of
self-management and supply to the military sector and the rest of the sectors of the country," said
Padrino López.

With Chavez and Maduro’s governments, the military have been ministers, presidents of state
agencies and companies. But, in addition, of those roles, they have been allowed to have
companies, with which the president grants benefits in exchange for loyalty, according to analysts.

The military conglomerate ranges from the manufacture of ammunition to the development of
uniforms and water bottling. And to 16 of those 20 companies, the Executive Branch allocated this
year, initially, more than 1,000 million bolivars. The group is divided into:

Armament

The Venezuelan Corporation of Military Industries (Cavim), created in 1975, is responsible for the
trade and manufacture of weapons, ammunition, explosives and other materials or equipment.

According to the accounts of the Ministry of Defense, available until 2015, the elaboration of
ammunition had limitations due to the lack of inputs and delays in the delivery of foreign currency,
but despite the restrictions it gave profits to the national treasury.

Transport

The “FANB” has two companies dedicated to transport: “Emsoven” and “Emiltra”.

“Emsoven”, created in 2008 with shareholders such as ”Cavim” and the National Repowering
Center, is responsible for producing and marketing armored and conventional vehicles, as well as
spare parts and accessories. It joined 1,315 vehicles until 2015 thanks to loans from the Economic
and Social Development Bank of Venezuela (BANDES).

“Emiltra” was created in 2013. In its directive, according to the information that the National
Contractor Registry had, there are Vladimir Padrino and Maribel Parra, vice president of “PDVSA”,
among other officers.

Maduro’s regime formed “Emiltra” to control the distribution of basic items, especially food.
Authorities announced, in 2013, that the company would support the ministries. The Defense and
Contractor System records show that it has come to provide services to distributors “Pdval”,
“Mercal”, Bicentennial Supplies,”Lácteos Los Andes”, and private agribusiness.

Building

The Ipsfa Construction Company was created in 2012 for the development of public works and
housing: it remodeled hospitals and military facilities such as Fort “Mara” and Fort “Paramacay”.

The “FANB” Construction Company was set up in 2013 and has Juan García Toussaint, the current
Minister of Transportation, in the general direction. Its mission is also to make works and houses
and, like “Ipsfa”, it reformed military constructions and projects of official entities.

“Cancorfanb”, also directed by García Toussaint, was created in 2014 to exploit stone and sand for
the sale of aggregates.

And, in addition, military control extends to the distribution of cement. Currently, state cement
companies give priority to the dispatch of this input to military companies, as they reported
Construction sector sources.

Petroleum

The Military Anonymous Company of Mining, Oil and Gas Industries (Camimpeg) was approved in
2016 and is headed by the vice president of “PDVSA”, Maribel Parra and the now head of the
Capital District government, José Benavides Torres, among other officers.

It is responsible for the rehabilitation and maintenance of wells, administration of drills, logistic
support in oil facilities, import and distribution of products for the mining, petrochemical, oil and
gas industry. It has a budget of 270,000 million bolivars and one goal: to obtain 250,000 barrels
per day when the oil industry is in crisis and production is around 2.1 million barrels per day.

“Camimpeg” has as a private partner Southern Procurement Services (owned by Venezuelans and
registered in the United Kingdom), and this alliance signed an agreement with “PDVSA” in May to
increase crude oil production.
Agriculture

“Agrofanb”, created in August 2013, is key in the ”FANB” conglomerate. According to the planting
plan notified by the Government, as of June this year, it aims to plant 720,000 hectares of rice,
corn, coffee and sorghum.

It is the biggest beneficiary of inputs for planting, according to consulted producers. Its president,
José Aguilera, also directs “Agropatria”, the company nationalized seven years ago and that is
responsible for selling seeds, agrochemicals to farmers, among other items.

It has alliances with private companies such as “El Tunal”, “Agroinsumos El Granero”,
“Asoguárico”, etc. Some of these companies have received, through complementary dollar (Dicom),
more than 400,000 dollars, according to “Crónica uno”. Meanwhile, farmers denounced that, could
barely acquire 30% of the materials they required for the beginning of this planting cycle.

Industry

The military imports and manufactures clothing, water, electrical appliances, furniture and even
tires. In 2016, the “Tiuna I” Industrial Complex was inaugurated, whose shareholders are “Cavim”
and “Atahualpa Group”.

According to its decree of creation, this complex does everything, as it packages and markets:
mineral water that is distributed in official concentrations, textile products, appliances, furniture,
surgical medical equipment, supplies and school texts, toys and cookware.

“Tiuna II” Complex was formed this year for sowing and cultivating cotton, making military
uniforms and garments for ladies, gentlemen and children.

And to these complexes, is added “Neumalba”, whose owners are “Camimpeg” and
“Covencaucho”. It is responsible for producing and marketing all types of rubbers, raw materials
and equipment. It will provide transportation services and is seeking alliances with private
companies, sources in the sector say.

In the automotive sector, there is “Ipsfa” Automotive, for the commercialization of Chery and
Venirauto vehicles. “Crónica uno” warned that there are no details of its operations.

As for printing, in June of this year the Ministry of Defense created “ Imprefanb” to “exploit the
printing industry, typography, lithography, printing, stationery, books, magazines, cards,
brochures, binding”.

Finance

The military have, since 1956, with “Seguros Horizonte”, which is currently the second insurer in
the market and handles a large part of public sector policies.
The National Armed Forces Bank was also inaugurated by Maduro to guarantee services "to the
military family." After its formation, the president indicated that "it will be a powerful bank".

The First Black Fund is the military financing fund, which this year received an initial allocation of
2.4 billion bolivars. Finance the Black Mission First several of the projects that military companies
execute and with the resources that it manages can make financial operations.

Communications

At the end of 2013, the TV “Fanb” network began its broadcasts and operates like the rest of the
public media. "This television has to be for the country, so that they find out and can see the
beautiful work that Commander Chávez achieved by resuscitating Bolívar's doctrine at the
“FANB”," Maduro said when he approved it.

And the officers have a company for sales of telecommunications equipment: “Emcofanb”. It also
offers computer equipment and organizes events.

Services

The military have product suppliers and travel agency. Since 1996, the Ministry of Defense has the
“Ipsfa” Investor, which provides products and services to officials such as the food card, office
maintenance and merchandise marketing on consignment. The travel agency dates of 1979.
“Infobae”, 08/26/2017.

Since then, nothing would be the same or similar to the previous years. This is the new and
concentrated Lumpen Bolibourgeoisie that gave birth to the Bolivarian movement, stealing the
State assets for profit, creating businesses and then blatantly diverting huge sums of money
annually - to be capitalized - from the state budget. This is "21st Century Socialism" and "Market
Socialism."

Above I mentioned the Armed Forces Egyptians with the aim of comparing them, but, in fact, that
generalship is a little more careful - in the administrative field - and all companies are under the
direct tutelage of the military institution since Nasser’s term. They do not become as brazen as the
Bolivarians, who run and steal entire companies and then finance and maintain them with public
funds, while quietly hide the profits in tax havens, as do the bourgeoisie - with fine and hateful
manners - of everything the planet.

The “GAESA” (Grupo de Administra Empresarial Sociedad Anónima) in Cuba is somewhat similar,
but since it is a small island, with limited resources, the generalship, until recently, was associated
with foreign capital as a "Joint Venture", but now it is no longer necessary because the Constitution
is already legally bourgeois, it recognizes large capital and private property. Now the business is
remittances and the provision of cheap labor for transnationals that decide to invest in the island,
but lacking energy, investment plans in Puerto Mariel have been archived.

Maduro thus gets a military shield to his government and the “FANB” become its source of power.
Much more than in the previous years - after Chávez died -, inaugurating, in this way, a
praetorian / police regime against the masses and terror for the troop of soldiers who suffer misery
when working for the equivalent of one kilogram of cheese monthly, or two liters of Coca Cola,
disguised as "anti-imperialist" Caribbean quackery.

If someone wants to know what the concentrated bolibourgeoisie is, should look for it in the
“FANB” generalship. As I showed above, this old caste of senior officers became the new
Venezuelan native bourgeois class partner of the imperialist transnationals. Their wealth was
obtained by stealing first and then parasitizing the State to subsidize them annually. Regardless of
their outstanding ignorance and class character, they are leading them to final ruin with their
administration.

For these years -2015 /2016- “PDVSA” was already producing a third - a little more than 1 million D
/ B - than it was 12 years ago.

Oil production falls year after year. And meanwhile gallop the industrial machinery depletion
debacle that sooner rather than later will bring a total industrial crack by divestment. And this
pathetic scenario is generalized to hydroelectric dams and the mining, cement and metallurgical
industry.

The fall in the price of oil -Maduro- cannot be offset by selling more, because “PDVSA” does not
resist an increase in its production. Its machinery is worn, a multitude of depleted wells and many
treatment plants paralyzed due to lack of solvents and industrial supplies.

Then he begins to cut expenses in the areas of the State that provide services: Health, Education,
Housing and food subsidies.

Disenchantment and disappointment are transformed into hatred and this drives struggles in the
streets to the unstoppable inflation that devours the purchasing power of wages.

As time goes by, Maduro's political discredit is enormous. With a wind of the international
economy against him. He barely ends his term in 2018, with a nation in complete decline and with
a level of discredit only comparable to the old parties of the Pact of the Fixed Point: Guaidó's
political grandparents.

In these serious conditions it reaches the new presidential elections of 2018, which end up being an
international scandal. Well, only 46% attended the polls - the majority of the population abstains
and thus expresses its repudiation of the regime - however, the “CNE” recognizes his triumph and
gives him the winner with the right to govern until 2025.

Take into account that in the previous elections they were in 2012 and 80% of the electoral roll
came to vote.
 ABOUT THE FANB

If we take a look at the main bourgeois armies of the planet, we will realize the reasons why a lot
of jokes circulate in the social networks about the Venezuelan military ranks. Let's see:

Which countries have the most powerful armies in the world? To answer the question, factors
such as the country security situation must be taken into account, as well as political,
geographical, diplomatic and economic aspects. Here the ‘top 5’.

Based on the aforementioned criteria, the magazine ‘The National Interest’ has made the list of
the five most powerful armies in the world, led by the USA

The USA Army has 535,000 soldiers, many of whom are veterans who once participated in the
fighting, and have modern equipment and weapons, as well as a reliable logistics system. The USA
military has the capacity to carry out combats of different types beyond their hemisphere.

In the second place of the ranking is the People Liberation Army of China, the largest in Asia. Only
its ground forces are made up of 1.6 million active military units. The PLA protects China's borders,
but has means to carry out combat operations "on a global scale," says the magazine.

India ranks third, whose army is imposed by 1.12 million people and is the second largest in Asia.
India is geographically located between two traditional rivals, Pakistan and China, so it needs an
army capable of defending its territorial borders. Frequent internal revolts and insecurity in the
country force it to have powerful ground forces.

In the last decade the equipment of the Army of India has undergone a significant modernization
following Western criteria, which has greatly improved its mobility.

The Russian Armed Forces occupy the fourth place on the list. Russian ground troops, according to
data from ‘The National Interest’, have 285,000 military personnel, well equipped and fully
mechanized. However, Russia is a country that expands over a vast territory and each soldier has
to defend an area of about 60 square kilometers. On the other hand, numerous Russian soldiers
treasure a considerable combat experience acquired in the ‘90s in Chechnya, the magazine recalls.

With its 102,000 military, the United Kingdom closes the ranking. Its Army, although quite small by
world standards, is today the most efficient in Europe and is prepared to carry out a wide range of
military operations by land, sea and air, concludes the article of ‘The National Interest’.

While the “FANB”, led by General Vladimir Padrino López have about 140,000 troops, according to
the “Datanalisis” company.

“Last year, Nicolás Maduro promoted 195 officers to that rank in a single day. It is estimated that
Venezuela currently has about 2,000 generals. United States, the superpower, manages with
around 900. “ABC” newspaper, Spain. 29.08.2017.
 That is, the “FANB” has more general than all the Armed Forces from the USA and the E.U.
including NATO. Someone could justify such a high number of senior officers for the multitude of
wars and fighting sustained to date in at least 45 years. Well, most of those officers are about 70
years old.

Arguments about the abundant crop of generals are hard to find using reason and human
intelligence. Because, they never faced any enemy army. They never held any conventional /
regular, irregular or maneuvering war, or of any kind.

We must tell the truth, that amount of generals is the inheritance of the rotten regime of the Fixed
Point, which rewarded that caste of murderers of its people, from the “Caracazo” onwards, for the
courage to kill hungry and workers in struggle when they wanted to defend their conquests. And
they also massacred, without mercy, the landless families of the cities and the countryside, like the
aborigines in the mining areas.

AQUÍ FOTO PAG 92

MADURO AND THE “PSUV”

Between militarization and hatred of the poor people

Last year ended up being a nightmare for thousands of working families in Venezuela, because the
devaluation of their currency broke the historical record of 46,305% in the last 12 months. Food
prices went to heaven and wages for land.

State subsidies to food became insignificant and unemployment was the whip that led to
accelerated poverty at least one third of the population. In a couple of years, the rich Venezuela
merged with El Caribe, Central America and Africa: Maduro expelled 4 million hungry souls into
exile, packed prison prisons and militarized the neighborhoods of the hills of Caracas with bands of
armed lumpen, called Collectives.

This serious situation brought a true class war, which buried the "peaceful coexistence" of almost
two Bolivarian decades.

The popular, massive, picturesque and festive street demonstrations where the “PSUV” showed its
political credit were finished. Now, the abundance began to be the hatred of the millions of
hungry outcasts in the hills of Caracas and other numerous cities.

The bourgeois gangs of the world now panic the events of Venezuela, not because Maduro and his
band of Bolibourgeois of the generalship are ordinary, vulgar and that in the best banana style
show their despotic “claws and fangs”.

Cynical expressions about the "danger of democracy" is an absolute hypocrisy. The colonial world
is full of totalitarian and Bonapartist regimes of a varied species and nobody cares about
“democratizing them”. On the contrary, they blatantly claim that these brutal regimes exist for
"cultural" reasons, and that their respective national despots must be respected and recognized
for that reason.

Bourgeois democracy, with its parliamentary circus, is a luxury for imperialist countries. For the
colonial world - underdeveloped – they reserve Bonapartist regimes, beyond the existence of
formal elections or coups. The looting and slavery imposed by the imperialist transnationals need
these despotic regimes. The rest is 100% cheating.

What really worries and terrifies them is that the “PSUV”, with Maduro and his “FANB”, have
lost control of the working class and youth. There is no regime or governments of any kind or
color that is sustained for a long time in these conditions. No one wants to tell this secret and
this is the central problem.

In a territory that floats in oil, gas and valuable minerals the fair hatred of the people, to the
parties of the Fixed Point of the past, is now against the Lumpen Bolivarian Bolibourgeoisie.
Transnational strategists know that a stumble of Maduro can cause a revolutionary civil war of
unpredictable national and international consequences for their capitals.

MATURE AND GUAIDO

Two pincers of a perverse policy

For now, the Venezuelan masses have been imprisoned in a political “pincer.” Maduro’s regime,
with his murderous “FANB” and his criminal groups, subdues them with methods of terror and
Guaidó entertains them with his democratic and pacifying promises.

One is supported by the provisional support of the Russian and Chinese scavenger bourgeoisie,
and the other in the E.U., USA. and the “Lima Group”.

In this way the exploited masses are plunging them into a historical ruin. This trap has been
imposed because national and continental political and trade union organizations have lived at the
foot of the Bolivarian Bolibougeoisie since its inception, and another sector, now in the midst of
the ruinous collapse, is at the “foot” of Guaidó. And in this way the class conscience prostituted
the workers and combative youth to prevent self-organization independently of the State.

At the arms of this “pincer”, a great strategic agreement joins them: Sustaining the Bolivarian
Constitution to prevent the exploited from self-organizing and setting up their own fighting
agencies, based on Direct Democracy, to debate and solve the dramatic problems that afflict them,
inherited of the Fixed Point Pact and Bolivarians.

Both prohibit them the right to organize by region, by place of work and at national level, without
distinction of sex, age, or trade, regardless of State, regime and business chambers. One with
methods of terror and the other with deception, via the “Cabildos” at the foot of the bourgeois
Mayors, governors and deputies of the National Assembly.

One acts like bully and the other pretends to be masses’ friend. A clever perverse political game
to gain time by wasting the masses energies, who struggle to get rid of that scourge of
government and regime.

Since the end of 2018, the world press, full of panic, warns that the great neighborhoods and
worker concentrations, which were the “Chavistas” bastions, are now the cradle of hatred of
Maduro, the “PSUV” and the “FANB”. As this political rupture has deepened, the police features of
the government have increased and the patrols of the “GNB” and the “SEBIN” keep the nationally
exploited at bay.

But as it has not been enough, Maduro, without any scruple, gave more power to the feared
Collectives. And now between 5 gangs of Collectives maintain territorial control of the main
neighborhoods of Caracas.

Despite such a climate of terror, digital newspapers, semi-clandestine, report that so far in 2019
there are at least an average of 2,573 monthly protest fights. That is, at least 86 daily protests.
According to the Venezuelan Observatory of Social Conflicts.

It is obvious that Maduro and his Bolivarian regime still stand because these struggles keep them
dispersed, divided and decentralized. As soon as their demands and forces are unified and
centralized, that gang of thugs from the Collectives, the “SEBIN” and the “FANB” will be defeated
and that path is the Guaidó and his people want to prevent. Because, the Bolivarian regime and
the big bourgeois property would be in danger. They are terrified that a new “Caracazo” will
return, but this time nationwide.

AQUÍ FOTO PAG 96… Photo of the statistics of the protest . Observatory of Conflicts

AQUÍ FOTO PAG … 97

VENEZUELAN NATION IN RUINS

For three months the Bolivarians have been making distractive propaganda of a supposed and
"imminent imperialist military intervention." In this way they hide that the Collectives have
become strong paramilitary and territorial murderous gangs that patrol, their respective areas,
with the power to stop, torture or even murder those who rebel against the government.

It goes without saying that such terror is exclusive to whip the poor workers and settlers of the
Caracas hills. And their military operations have already been extended nationwide.

The elite luxurious neighborhoods are carefully guarded by these same gangs as a team with the
“SEBIN”, “FAES” and “GNB”.

According to the press, the five bands called Collectives, which would have at least 7,000 armed
men, are:

Revolutionary Movement of “Carapaica” Liberation (MRLC)

They operate in the populous neighborhood January 23, located northwest of Caracas, with about
100,000 inhabitants. They show their parastatal power with their FAL rifles and M4 carbines. They
exist since 2002. They control all clandestine businesses, typical of marginality and decay, between
mountains of garbage and rotting sewers in the streets.
La Piedrita

That Collective shares control of the January 23 neighborhood with the “MRLC”. It was founded in
1985. It enjoys criminal prestige since a minister's custodian was murdered, among its abundant
crimes.

The Tupamaros

They exist since 1989. They campaigned for the Chavez “MVR” in 1998 and stood out as a gang of
thugs attacking the 2014 protests. They are mobilized on motorcycles and with long weapons,
always near the Presidential “Miraflores” Palace, in the neighborhood near January 23.

Simón Bolívar Coordinator

This Collective has a more politicized profile and is considered a pioneer in these social
movements, when they were not yet criminal gangs. The operations center of the Simón Bolívar
Coordinator is in the “La Cañada” sector, between blocks 18 and 19, and operates in a former
police station of the Metropolitan Police, whose agents were evicted by militants of the group in
2005. It operates throughout Caracas.

Alexis Vive collective.

The origin of this Collective is from a break-up of the Simón Bolívar Coordinator in 2002, when
they overthrew Chavez. There was murdered one of its members: Alexis González Revette, then
this collective was born (Digital newspaper “Infobae”).

AQUÍ FOTO PAG 99…

Any inhabitant of the neighborhoods of Caracas knows and suffers from the oppression and terror
of these para-police gangs. They have the open and public state and government support.

There are dead and wounded daily in the corners of the neighborhoods for doing some kind of
protest action; but no one denounces them for fear of being a victim of more violent action. The
only thing that appears by the press and the world TV are the spokesmen of the bourgeois classes
doing politics on the bones and the martyrdom of the poor people, who suffer from the lack of
water and the mountains of rotten garbage, to the shadows of the endless blackouts of the
electric power grid.

On these ruins, the nation sinks in a generalized collapse of the productive and service companies
of the Venezuelan State. Darkness in the main cities is the symbol of that ruinous decline. And on
such a debacle, the native bourgeois gangs, associated with different foreign factions in the midst
of international chaos, are disputed, like birds of prey, "the carrion" of the Venezuelan nation.
Venezuela, since last year, is in Default. It has an external debt of at least US $ 184,500 million.
With a collapse of its oil production and in April, a varied batch of Bonds that are already
unpayable are due; For this, the creditors are already preparing to seize all the assets of the nation
abroad, starting with the USA refinery: CITGO.

“Citgo refinery and fuel distributor, based in Houston (Texas), is vital in Venezuela current
financial scheme. Acquired by “PDVSA”, between 1986 and 1990, when it was made with 100%
of the share package, it is currently the fifth largest independent company in the sector within
the USA, with a processing capacity of 750,000 barrels per day. It owns three refineries: Lake
Charles (Louisiana), Lemont (Illinois) and Corpus Christi (Texas), and employs 3,400 people. ”

“Today it employs 3,400 people, owns three refineries -Texas, Louisiana and Illinois-, which
produce 849,000 barrels of oil per day, and have more than 5,000 gas stations in 29 states of the
country”( “El País”, Spain. 05/05/2019).

“Citgo is essential for Venezuela, since, on the one hand, it provides the necessary diluents for
the treatment of extra heavy crude extracted from the Orinoco Belt, and, on the other, its
refineries are among the few capable of processing that crude, which then it is distributed in the
USA market or refined for sale in its service stations distributed in the USA territory”.

And since the end of April, the economic sanctions of Trump and Canada, agreed with the
governments of the E.U, will prevent to Venezuela, and companies that have any commercial link,
from making banking transactions with their banks and financial institutions.

This will lead to an even greater aggravation of the hardships and ordeal of the poor people. Faced
with this scenario of cornering and despair, Maduro relies on the Chinese and Russian scavenger
bourgeoisie.

AQUÍ FOTO PAG 101… Citgo Refinery in Illinois. PHOTO: AFP

"The misfortune and ruin of many is the great opportunity to do good business for a few," this
traditional phrase in the mercantile world of bourgeois society is currently fully developing in
Venezuela.

Putin takes the opportunity to fill Venezuela with “scrap weapons” in exchange for Petroleum and
Gold. And positions the Muscovite oligarch millionaires in the Orinoco business with its
multinational Rosneft and its employer: Igor Sechin.

Through it, Russia already controls several of the most prolific oil extraction fields on Venezuelan
land thanks to “PDVSA”. It owns 40% of “Petromonagas”, “Petroperijá” and “Petrovictoria”; 32%
of “Petromiranda”; 27% of Boquerón; and 32% of the Junín 6 block. Also it owns gas exploitation
fields. And it hopes to keep 49.9% of Citgo shares.

A large number of helicopters acquired in Russia are still in sight at the “La Carlota” airport in
Caracas, which was decreed for military use by former President Hugo Chavez. Among them, the
Mi-17V-5 and the Mi-26 T, which without maintenance and in the open, under the inclemency of
the sun and the Caribbean humidity, are now scrap.
I say that it is “junk” weapons because they contain technology from 20/30 years ago, with partial
automation incorporations and varnished paint for visual deception. These weapons only serve to
mount a scenario of military preparations, to make the masses of the continent believe that they
are preparing to fight against the aircraft carriers of the USA Southern Command and the 5 military
bases that they have in Colombia. As if the Pentagon policy, currently, was the one they had for
Haiti in 2002/3.

The Pentagon and the CIA learn and take lessons from their defeats, they are not a band of
stubborn and stupid; they represent the interests of that 1% of super oligarchs who own more
than half of the planet's wealth. For this reason they are now more cautious after they were
politically defeated in Vietnam and in the '90s in Iraq - above the stupidities Trump says. And they
recognize that there is a generalized rejection in the town of all North America, Central and South
America to all militarist interventionism.

Especially now that millions of middle-class employees in the USA come in a spiral of unstoppable
and accelerated impoverishment since the crack of 2008, where they lost to their homes; Now,
with just reason, the youth -Millennials- poor student publicly screams to hate the Yankee
capitalist system.

Such a Yankee imperialist military monster cannot be defeated on the military ground because it
has the most developed and sophisticated destructive technology ever known and conquered in
the history of mankind. Its five navy commands, with its atomic aircraft carriers in the seas and
oceans of the world, are the symbols of that military might. Is necessary be excessively ignorant to
not realize that elementary truth.

They can only be defeated with the Revolutionary Civil War and with the Revolution. It is in the
field of class struggle, with mass political struggle, where they can be defeated.

For the moment, Maduro and his generalship will only be the reason for the most grotesque
teasing in the whole world.

But, Maduro and his generals are more afraid of the hungry Venezuelan rebel people than of
imperialism. That's the truth. There are plenty of cases, in the last century, that corroborate this
historical statement, with bourgeois governments of different types and social political genesis in
the colonial world.

Perhaps Allende -Chile-, in the ‘70s, did not prefer to commit suicide rather than rely on the
exploited to defend him from the Pinochet coup? There is nothing in common between Allende
and Maduro, the Chilean was massively supported by the working people and youth at the time of
his overthrow by the Pinochet’s Armed Forces; while Maduro rules with the genocidal “FANB” of
the Venezuelan people.

Perhaps Perón -Argentina-, in the decade of the '50s, did not prefer to flee cowardly to Paraguay,
leaving the working class that was massively supporting him in the streets and that was bombed in
the square May, in front of the government house?

Didn't Chavez flee shamefully and secretly to Cuba in 2002?

Thus I could make a bloody novel, based on the cowardice of the colonial native bourgeoisies
around the world, when facing imperialism and its coup d'etats. They only show courage when
they have to slaughter their people.

Similarly, the new Chinese “mandarins” also make the “help” to Maduro by granting usury credit
in exchange for bartering for cheap oil. Forcing him to sign plundering contracts also, with State-
owned China National Petroleum Corporation (CNPC).

The time has come to say: Enough of looting, usury, blackmail and exploitation of the great
Yankee, European, Russian and Chinese capital in partnership with the crawling native
bourgeoisies!

MILITARY OPERATION AND MARCHES

Maduro's entire operation, sustained by Putin, is to intimidate, even more, the Venezuelan masses
and distract them - with a supposed “anti-imperialist war” - to hide that he prepares to slaughter
them on a large scale, as he did - from 2012 onwards - Syrian fascist butcher Bashar Al Assad, if
necessary.

That is why he has filled warehouses with ammunition and light weapons. He prepares to make a
massacre superior to that ordered by the murderer Carlos Andrés Pérez in 1998, who was
commanded by these same generals who now wear red.

Frankly, I think Maduro and his henchmen are preparing to commit a genocide. After that macabre
task, the transnationals and the native bourgeoisie of the continent will surely treat him like the
jackal Milosevic, Noriega or, perhaps, like Saddam Husseim. And they will reserve to his spoiled
child, of good manners, Guaidó, as the new manager who assures them of the oil business for the
next 50 years. With the shield of the murderous official, to which, in advance, they are promised
impunity with the anticipated Amnesty Law.

In the event that the Bolivarians decide to perform such genocidal barbarism, we will see if the
base of the army: The soldiers, who now earn US $ 8 per month, the equivalent of the cost of 1 kg
of cheese, resist it. For the contrary, they quickly break and leave with their weapons on the side
of their people, as happened to the Somoza’s Army in '79.

That is to say, it should not be ruled out that the base of that army, of millionaire Bolibourgeois
officials, will break down immediately and they themselves will generate the start of a
revolutionary civil war.

This is how the outbreak began in Libya in 2011/12, when the troops of the murderer Khadafy
broke down, before the hungry people, in Benghazi first, then in Misrata until it was nationalized
and transformed into an insurrectional mass struggle and reached its Tripoli capital. Where the
jackal Khadafy would flee like a rat, until days later he found him and shot a rebel militia in the city
of Syrte.
That Maghreb revolution, which began in Tunisia, following Libya, Egypt, and extended to Syria, in
2012, and Yemen finally. Where the hungry masses were massacred and crushed. The rest are
conspiracy fables.

Now, as the Collapse generalizes throughout the Venezuelan nation, Maduro reinforces his
preparations for "anti-imperialist war" and advertises his new mass military organization: The
militias.

This idea of creating a Militia was inaugurated by Chávez, in 2007, to calm criticism in the
neighborhoods against the “FANB”. But he only became a network of snitches of the “PSUV” and
the government.

Now, Maduro relaunches the idea of the Militias and offers a monthly salary of US $ 6, and some
more food for those who join and go where they are continually cited in all 335 districts.

Thus, Maduro says, they already joined a million, although it has been found that it is actually
20,000.

They give them a khaki uniform and make them march along some avenues. They are also made to
carry out surveillance services at Metro stations and other busy places in the capital.

There are plenty of examples of street teasing that must support the "militia" who parade with
brooms and wooden rifles. Because, it is betrayer the entire political government operation, based
on shameless deception and essentially manipulation, is taking advantage of the desperate famine
in large sectors of unoccupied families.

As a journalist reflects: “We get into the militia because there is no work,” Jesús Torres says, 71,
at his home in Petare. According to this grandfather of five grandchildren, "It is best to meet
humble people, similar to us, who goes through the same problems." But what he hates most is
"the contempt of the superiors to the population."

“The current reality is that the militia is a gigantic placement agency and the fastest way to access
social plans. Retired, unemployed, housewives, fans of the Bolivarian cause or nostalgic "eternal
commander" train every week in military bases. The leaked videos show a troop that limps,
parading with a broom, unable to agree to defend a strategic position. ”

“Despite their willingness, the khaki suit they wear is the most discredited of those in Venezuela,
because it doesn't even cause fear and they are seen as informers in the service of the regime.
Chavism fear of a popular uprising in the poorest areas of Caracas has made them an effective
method of social control. Carolina and Carlos admit that they have been deployed for a delicate
mission: they are vigilant in the “Chacao” metro station, the Caracas heart of Chavism resistance.
"They laugh at me, say: be careful! The marines come here," recalls Carolina. "They insult us, they
shout at us, they call us “chavistas” and they have even thrown me out," says the sergeant of 73
years. “El País” Newspaper, Spain. 03/30/2019.

It is clear that Maduro and his band of Bolibourgeois generals have nightmares to resume the
tradition of mass rebellion in the neighborhoods of Caracas and its surroundings, as it was the last
time - 30 years ago - when the “Caracazo” This is why they sharpen all repressive and intelligence
tactics against the masses. The real objective from the government and its intelligence services is
that these "militias" be their networks of neighborhood snitches.

AQUÍ FOTO PAG 107… Russian-made S 300 anti-aircraft missiles

At the same time, Guaidó continues in his plan of calls to weekly marches, routine and harmless,
to wear down and demoralize those who attend them. Meanwhile, the whole nation is staying
more days in a row in darkness and paralysis.

The absolute majority of the poor people look paralyzed, full of rage, and even impotence, such a
panorama of ruin and decay.

There was still no action of mass political struggle in the streets that could dislocate or break the
institutions of the entire Bolivarian regime and open the way to the revolutionary overthrow in the
streets of the murderous and hungering Maduro’s government.

I insist, my opinion is that only the laborious masses can prevent such a bloody tragedy that
prepare and drive the brazenly greedy and sadistic bourgeois classes.

The Venezuelan people must see themselves in the mirror of the martyrdom of the Syrian people.
It is still in time to avoid it.

The suffering that to date has caused it to pass, with millions of exiles and widespread famine in
the slums of poor Venezuela, is not enough for the new looting plans of that 1% ( and its native
agents) of large vampires who own the world economy that is listed in the cave: Wall Street and
the City of London.

It is a lie that the millionaire oligarchs, Russian and Chinese governments are friends of the
Venezuelan people. These are vultures that became rich bourgeois with robberies and scams to
the former workers states, when they were ruined by their Stalinist and Maoist parents and
imposed capitalist restoration in the ‘90s.

The millionaire companies that they now own were owned by the states and these riches cost
decades of suffering and exploitation of at least 5 generations. Then they made them richer by
imposing slave capitalist exploitation regimes to this day.

The Bolibourgeoisie, which was born from the kidney of the “FANB” generalship, is a magnificent
apprentice of this muscovite / Pekingese bourgeois scourge, although in Venezuela there has been
no revolution that would destroy the State and collectivize the great property.

It is time to tell the truth, the only allies of the hungry people of Venezuela are the laborious
peoples of the continent and the world. That they observe, dismayed, the ruinous events of
Venezuela passively because the active internationalist class solidarity has disappeared - for now.
The trade union organizations of wage workers who still have union rights are absolutely
nationalized and involved in petty nationalist policies, their top leaders are responsible for
preventing active international solidarity with the hungry Venezuelan victims, of the collapse at
the hands of the Bolibourgeoisie of the “PSUV” and its “FANB”. Aggravated by imperialist
sanctions.

Nothing can be expected from the continental crawling bourgeoisie. Cynics and cowards who run
to associate with the transnationals and their banks to do business, or if they do not specialize in
becoming “nationalists” - overvaluing the value of companies to better safeguard them - in the
style of the Bolivarian, to steal and take the bankrupt the conquests of the masses.

AQUI FOTO PAG 109 … The lack of energy resulted in a shortage of drinking water (Reuters)

ECONOMIC BOYCOTT AND DIPLOMATIC FENCE

USA and the E.U. policy to Maduro, aggravates the suffering of the poor people.

This is the central policy of the imperialist powers headed by the USA, CANADA and the E.U.,
together with most of the bourgeoisies of the Lima Group of the continent. Trump and the E.U.
have closed or boycotted the bank accounts of the only company that still gave the nation genuine
income: “PDVSA” and its subsidiary CITGO in the USA, to pressure Maduro to resign and then
provisionally assume the government Juan Guaidó.

As the days have passed, the effects of the economic and financial boycott are felt in the
Venezuelan nation. The government can no longer guarantee the masses even drinking water or
electricity. Public hospitals are empty and dirty, transforming into infectious foci. Daily poor
people die because of the lack of medication. And the lack of basic food is already causing a
famine never seen in the history of the last century in Venezuela. The millionaire bourgeois classes
do not lack nothing , they have the privilege of supplying in parallel with everything they need for
the power granted by the money.

The generalized collapse due to disinvestment in nationalized companies and state services, over
at least two decades, is in sight. USA and EU financial blockade has aggravated and greatly
accelerated to levels that are still unknown.

The Yankee / European plan assumed that with economic blockade and a promise of amnesty to
the generalist they would be able to isolate and defeat Maduro. However, that did not happen in
the times they expected.

They underestimated the mutation of this generalship in millionaire bolibourgeoisie, for 15 years
and that they were strengthened even more, after Maduro gave them the business of the
administration of the 20 most important companies in the Venezuelan economy, in exchange for
its loyalty, until now. Well, it is no news to say that bourgeois morality is cultivated and fertilized
with money. And when it comes to bourgeois Commissioners of the colonial world this becomes
more daring.

And the rejection to Guaido - of these disgusting generals - is reinforced because they have no
absolute guarantee that without the current power in their hands they will not end up imprisoned
by thieves and murderers. This is the knot of the lawsuit between the bourgeois gangs. The rest is
pure deception.
The generalship receives daily messages of "loving" promises from Trump, the heads of the EU and
Guaidó, but they take care not to promise them “sex” because they know that the masses hate
them and that these tactical measures would be repudiated and disapproved to buy their loyalty
and divorce with Maduro / Diosdado Cabello.

But, it should not be discarded a negotiation behind the back and against the masses, where they
end up distributing power and business, and then make them pay the millionaire historical
investment that is needed to restore the disaster of state capitalism with Bolivarian lumpen
military administration to the exploited with more slavery and looting of the wealth of the nation.

I have already shown that Venezuela has been maintained as a mono-productive country of
hydrocarbons for a century, its wealth has also been a historical condemnation. Since there was no
native bourgeoisie, capable of getting the nation backward in due time, today it suffers the
consequences. Aggravated this historical tragedy because the working class has been scammed
and handed over by the leaders it had in its organizations for decades.

Bolivarian "anti-imperialist" shouts have been empty bravado. Well, all the bank accounts, which
kept the people hidden, are now proven to be in Yankee and European banks. If we add to this
that the largest buyer of oil was the USA, and that CITGO has been the Venezuelan state-owned
subsidiary in the southern Yankee, which through it provided most of the solvents, essential to
dilute the sandy or heavy oil from the basin of the Orinoco that they bought from Yankee
companies. The commercial and financial dependence is total.

AQUÍ FOTO PAG 112… Maduro’s government has resorted to several measures, including the
creation of Petro, a cryptocurrency, to reduce the impact of sanctions. (BBC 1/11/2018)

Therefore, the disgusting economic sanctions left the enormous degree of economic and
commercial dependence of Venezuela with the United States in view of all humanity and its
banking and financial system.

No worker, with the elementary class consciousness, should support sanctions from imperialist
countries to semi-colonial countries, even if they are governed by Bonapartist despots, as is the
case in Venezuela today. Because it causes more suffering to working families; privileged classes
never suffer from it.

Placing itself in the trench of the oppressed and weaker nation is a must, but that should not mean
putting yourself in the political service of the hateful Bolibourgeois governors, hungerers of the
poor people and responsible for leading the nation to ruin and decay.

It has already been shown that Maduro has not taken a single genuinely anti-imperialist struggle,
nor will he do so. Class and historical reasons have already been described above. That is why I
affirm, and I insist, that Maduro and Guaidó are a perverse political pincer against the masses.

It is a criminal political error to believe that in order to face Western imperialism in Venezuela, it
has to put itself on the side of the Bolibourgeoisie with Maduro and the generalship and his
“friends”: The Russian and Chinese slave oligarchs.
That political logic of “campos” is what Bolivarians have maintained and imposed for 20 years in
the continent, and the results are in sight. “Progressive” governments against the “Neoliberals” is
the expression of that old and cheating policy that was born, on the other side of the Atlantic, in
old Europe with the social democracy of the last century, applied later by his student of bad
manners: Stalin and later Mao Tse Tung.

Rivers of blood and martyrdoms have cost the people of the world that cursed class collaboration
policy with the Popular Front governments.

For now, the fate of the Venezuelan nation is uncertain, it will be resolved in the field of national
and international class struggle. The outcome of this historic moment of the Venezuelan nation
will probably impact the entire continent and the world.

The old Fixed Point regime and its parties are the old ones responsible for having begun the
administration of the decline of the Venezuelan nation. First Chávez, and now Maduro, with his
“PSUV”, was in charge of condemning her to ruin with the active complicity and support of all the
international "bourgeois" progressive gangs. They must take charge and sooner rather than later
they will report to their victims: The exploited of Venezuela and the continent.

Venezuela is in "intensive therapy" and to get out of the operating room alive, a great historical
uprising is needed, superior to the “Caracazo”. Break the armed arm of that monstrous regime
Bolivarian bonapartist: The “FABN”, its intelligence services and the murderous Collectives. No one
should doubt that Guaido is the abortionist of that uprising that is brewing. A genuine working-
class and popular revolution is needed that defeats that band of armed thugs from the Bolivarian
state and cleanses the dirt that spawned the Bolibourgeoisie.

Along this path, it will conquer direct democracy, the dignity and independence of the nation from
imperialism, food for the poor people, drinking water, electricity and housing for the people, free
quality health and education, the planned socialization of the fertile land, the democratization of
the administration of state enterprises, salary according to the cost of living, scientific plan of
investment in the entire national industry, trial and punishment of the assassins of the “Caracazo”
and other popular massacres. Surely the Bolivarian Constitution and the other 25 will end up in the
garbage of History. And a new one will begin to be written under the banners of SOLIDARITY,
FRATERNITY, BROTHERHOOD AND EQUALITY.