Espacios Vectoriales
Espacios Vectoriales
Espacios Vectoriales
Espacios vectoriales
Curso: 208046A_1141
Grupo: 208046_120
Ingeniería de Sistemas
Medellín
15 de mayo 2022
Ejercicio 1: conceptualización de sistemas de ecuaciones lineales, rectas y planos.
A. Definición y propiedades de los espacios vectoriales.
I) 𝑢𝑢 + 𝑣𝑣 = 𝑣𝑣 + 𝑢𝑢
II) 𝑢𝑢 + (−𝑢𝑢) = (−𝑢𝑢) + 𝑢𝑢 = 0
III) 𝑢𝑢 + (𝑣𝑣 + 𝑤𝑤) = (𝑢𝑢 + 𝑣𝑣) + 𝑤𝑤
Comprobar axioma I
𝑢𝑢 + 𝑣𝑣 = 𝑣𝑣 + 𝑢𝑢
(−2, −3, −4) + (9, −3,1) = (9, −3,1) + (−2, −3, −4)
(−2 + (9), −3 + (−3), −4 + (1)) = (9 + (−2), −3 + (−3), 1 + (−4))
(𝟕𝟕, −𝟔𝟔, −𝟑𝟑) = (𝟕𝟕, −𝟔𝟔, −𝟑𝟑) ∴ 𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶 𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎
Comprobar axioma II
𝑢𝑢 + (−𝑢𝑢) = (−𝑢𝑢) + 𝑢𝑢 = 0
(−2, −3, −4) + �−(−2, −3, −4)� = �−(−2, −3, −4)� + (−2, −3, −4) = 0
(−2, −3, −4) + [(9, −3, 1) + (3, −6, 2)] = [(−2, −3, −4) + (9, −3,1) ] + (3, −6, 2)
(−2, −3, −4) + [(9 + (3), −3 + (−6), 1 + (2))] = [(−2 + (9), −3 + (−3), −4 + (1))] + (3, −6, 2)
(−2, −3, −4) + (12, −9, 3) = (7, −6, −3) + (3, −6, 2)
(𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏, −𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏, −𝟏𝟏) = (𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏, −𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏, −𝟏𝟏) ∴ 𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶 𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎
Ejercicio 3: Conjuntos Generadores, dependencia lineal e
independencia lineal.
𝒊𝒊 + 𝒋𝒋 + 𝒌𝒌 = 𝟎𝟎
𝒊𝒊 + 𝟐𝟐 𝒋𝒋 − 𝒌𝒌 = 𝟎𝟎
𝒊𝒊 + 𝟑𝟑 𝒋𝒋 + 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐 = 𝟎𝟎
𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟏 𝟎𝟎
�𝟏𝟏 𝟐𝟐 −𝟏𝟏�𝟎𝟎�
𝟏𝟏 𝟑𝟑 𝟐𝟐 𝟎𝟎
Aplicamos el método eliminación Gauss Jordán
𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟏 𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟏 𝟎𝟎
�𝟏𝟏 𝟐𝟐 −𝟏𝟏�𝟎𝟎� 𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 𝑅𝑅1 𝑦𝑦 ℎ𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 𝑅𝑅2 − 𝑅𝑅1 �𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟏 −𝟐𝟐�𝟎𝟎�
𝟏𝟏 𝟑𝟑 𝟐𝟐 𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟏 𝟑𝟑 𝟐𝟐 𝟎𝟎
𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟏 𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟏 𝟎𝟎
�𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟏 −𝟐𝟐�𝟎𝟎� 𝑹𝑹𝑹𝑹 − 𝑹𝑹𝑹𝑹 �𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟏 −𝟐𝟐�𝟎𝟎�
𝟏𝟏 𝟑𝟑 𝟐𝟐 𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎 𝟐𝟐 𝟏𝟏 𝟎𝟎
𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟏 𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟏 𝟎𝟎 𝟑𝟑 𝟎𝟎
�𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟏 −𝟐𝟐�𝟎𝟎� 𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 𝑅𝑅2 𝑦𝑦 ℎ𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 𝑅𝑅1 − 𝑅𝑅2 �𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟏 −𝟐𝟐�𝟎𝟎�
𝟎𝟎 𝟐𝟐 𝟏𝟏 𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎 𝟐𝟐 𝟏𝟏 𝟎𝟎
𝟏𝟏 𝟎𝟎 𝟑𝟑 𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟏 𝟎𝟎 𝟑𝟑 𝟎𝟎
�𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟏 −𝟐𝟐�𝟎𝟎� 𝑅𝑅2 𝑥𝑥 2 �𝟎𝟎 𝟐𝟐 −𝟒𝟒�𝟎𝟎�
𝟎𝟎 𝟐𝟐 𝟏𝟏 𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎 𝟐𝟐 𝟏𝟏 𝟎𝟎
𝟏𝟏 𝟎𝟎 𝟑𝟑 𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟏 𝟎𝟎 𝟑𝟑 𝟎𝟎
�𝟎𝟎 𝟐𝟐 −𝟒𝟒�𝟎𝟎� 𝑹𝑹𝑹𝑹 − 𝑹𝑹𝑹𝑹 �𝟎𝟎 𝟐𝟐 −𝟒𝟒�𝟎𝟎�
𝟎𝟎 𝟐𝟐 𝟏𝟏 𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎 𝟓𝟓 𝟎𝟎
𝟏𝟏 𝟎𝟎 𝟑𝟑 𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟏 𝟎𝟎 𝟑𝟑 𝟎𝟎
�𝟎𝟎 𝟐𝟐 −𝟒𝟒�𝟎𝟎� 𝑹𝑹𝑹𝑹 /𝟐𝟐 �𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟏 −𝟐𝟐�𝟎𝟎�
𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎 𝟓𝟓 𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎 𝟓𝟓 𝟎𝟎
𝟏𝟏 𝟎𝟎 𝟑𝟑 𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟏 𝟎𝟎 𝟑𝟑 𝟎𝟎
�𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟏 �
−𝟐𝟐 𝟎𝟎 � 𝑹𝑹𝑹𝑹/𝟓𝟓 � 𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟏 −𝟐𝟐�𝟎𝟎�
𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎 𝟓𝟓 𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟏 𝟎𝟎
𝟏𝟏 𝟎𝟎 𝟑𝟑 𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟏 𝟎𝟎 𝟑𝟑 𝟎𝟎
�𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟏 −𝟐𝟐�𝟎𝟎� 𝑅𝑅3 ∗ 3 �𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟏 −𝟐𝟐�𝟎𝟎�
𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟏 𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎 𝟑𝟑 𝟎𝟎
𝟏𝟏 𝟎𝟎 𝟑𝟑 𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟏 𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎
�𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟏 −𝟐𝟐�𝟎𝟎� 𝑹𝑹𝑹𝑹 − 𝑹𝑹𝑹𝑹 �𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟏 −𝟐𝟐�𝟎𝟎�
𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎 𝟑𝟑 𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎 𝟑𝟑 𝟎𝟎
𝟏𝟏 𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟏 𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎
�𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟏 −𝟐𝟐�𝟎𝟎� 𝑹𝑹𝑹𝑹/𝟑𝟑 �𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟏 −𝟐𝟐�𝟎𝟎�
𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎 𝟑𝟑 𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟏 𝟎𝟎
𝟏𝟏 𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟏 𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎
�𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟏 −𝟐𝟐�𝟎𝟎� 𝑅𝑅3 ∗ −2 �𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟏 −𝟐𝟐�𝟎𝟎�
𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟏 𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎 −𝟐𝟐 𝟎𝟎
𝟏𝟏 𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟏 𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎
�𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟏 −𝟐𝟐�𝟎𝟎� 𝑹𝑹𝑹𝑹 − 𝑹𝑹𝑹𝑹 �𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟏 𝟎𝟎 �𝟎𝟎�
𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎 −𝟐𝟐 𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎 −𝟐𝟐 𝟎𝟎
𝟏𝟏 𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟏 𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎
�𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟏 �
𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎 � 𝑹𝑹𝑹𝑹/−𝟐𝟐 � 𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟏 𝟎𝟎�𝟎𝟎�
𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎 −𝟐𝟐 𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟏 𝟎𝟎
𝒊𝒊 + 𝒋𝒋 + 𝒌𝒌 = 𝟎𝟎
𝒊𝒊 + 𝟐𝟐 𝒋𝒋 − 𝒌𝒌 = 𝟎𝟎
𝒊𝒊 + 𝟑𝟑 𝒋𝒋 + 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐 = 𝟎𝟎
𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 𝐹𝐹2 + 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 𝐹𝐹1 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐(−1): 𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟 𝐹𝐹2 → 𝐹𝐹2 + (−1𝐹𝐹1)
𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 𝐹𝐹3 + 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 𝐹𝐹1 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠(−1): 𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟 𝐹𝐹3 → 𝐹𝐹3 + (−1𝐹𝐹1)
𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 𝐹𝐹3 + 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 𝐹𝐹1 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐(−2): 𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟 𝐹𝐹3 → 𝐹𝐹3 + (−2𝐹𝐹1)
𝑹𝑹𝑹𝑹𝑹𝑹𝑹𝑹𝑹𝑹𝑹𝑹𝑹𝑹𝑹𝑹𝑹𝑹 𝒅𝒅𝒅𝒅 𝒍𝒍𝒍𝒍𝒍𝒍 𝒐𝒐𝒐𝒐𝒐𝒐𝒐𝒐𝒐𝒐𝒐𝒐𝒐𝒐𝒐𝒐𝒐𝒐𝒐𝒐𝒐𝒐
𝒙𝒙 ⎧
𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟏 ⎪ 𝟐𝟐 + (−𝟐𝟐 ∗ 𝟏𝟏) = 𝟐𝟐 − 𝟐𝟐 = 𝟎𝟎
�𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟏 −𝟐𝟐� 𝒙𝒙 − 𝒚𝒚 � ∴ 𝟏𝟏 + (−𝟐𝟐 ∗ 𝟏𝟏) = 𝟏𝟏 − 𝟐𝟐 = −𝟏𝟏
𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎 −𝟏𝟏 −𝒙𝒙 + 𝒛𝒛 ⎨(𝒙𝒙
⎪ + 𝒛𝒛) + (−𝟐𝟐 ∗ 𝒙𝒙) = 𝒙𝒙 + 𝒛𝒛 − 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐 = −𝒙𝒙 + 𝒛𝒛
⎩
𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 𝐹𝐹1 + 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 𝐹𝐹2 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐(−1): 𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟 𝐹𝐹1 → 𝐹𝐹1 + (−1𝐹𝐹2)
𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 𝐹𝐹1 + 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 𝐹𝐹3 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐(−3): 𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟 𝐹𝐹1 → 𝐹𝐹1 + (−3𝐹𝐹3)
𝟏𝟏 𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎 𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑 − 𝒚𝒚 − 𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑
�𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟏 𝟎𝟎�𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑 − 𝒚𝒚 − 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐�
𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟏 𝒙𝒙 − 𝒛𝒛
𝒊𝒊 = 𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑 − 𝒚𝒚 − 𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑
𝒋𝒋 = 𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑 − 𝒚𝒚 − 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐
𝒌𝒌 = 𝒙𝒙 − 𝒛𝒛
𝑎𝑎 + 𝑐𝑐 = 0
−7𝑎𝑎 + 4𝑏𝑏 − 𝑐𝑐 − 6𝑑𝑑 = 0 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 𝑞𝑞𝑞𝑞𝑞𝑞 𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛 𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 0
5𝑎𝑎 + 𝑐𝑐 + 4𝑑𝑑 = 0
−3𝑏𝑏 + 8𝑑𝑑 = 0
𝟏𝟏 𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟏 𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎 −𝟕𝟕 𝟎𝟎 −𝟕𝟕 𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎
�−𝟕𝟕 𝟒𝟒 −𝟏𝟏 −𝟔𝟔�𝟎𝟎� 𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 𝑅𝑅1 𝑦𝑦 ℎ𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 𝑅𝑅1 ∗ −7 �−𝟕𝟕 𝟒𝟒 −𝟏𝟏 −𝟔𝟔�𝟎𝟎�
𝟓𝟓 𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟏 𝟒𝟒 𝟎𝟎 𝟓𝟓 𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟏 𝟒𝟒 𝟎𝟎
𝟎𝟎 −𝟑𝟑 𝟎𝟎 𝟖𝟖 𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎 −𝟑𝟑 𝟎𝟎 𝟖𝟖 𝟎𝟎
𝟏𝟏 𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟏 𝟎𝟎 𝟓𝟓 𝟎𝟎 𝟓𝟓 𝟎𝟎
�𝟎𝟎 𝟒𝟒 𝟔𝟔 −𝟔𝟔� 𝑹𝑹𝑹𝑹 ∗ 𝟓𝟓 �𝟎𝟎 𝟒𝟒 𝟔𝟔 −𝟔𝟔�
𝟓𝟓 𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟏 𝟒𝟒 𝟓𝟓 𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟏 𝟒𝟒
𝟎𝟎 −𝟑𝟑 𝟎𝟎 𝟖𝟖 𝟎𝟎 −𝟑𝟑 𝟎𝟎 𝟖𝟖
𝟓𝟓 𝟎𝟎 𝟓𝟓 𝟎𝟎 𝟓𝟓 𝟎𝟎 𝟓𝟓 𝟎𝟎
�𝟎𝟎 𝟒𝟒 𝟔𝟔 −𝟔𝟔� 𝑹𝑹𝑹𝑹 − 𝑹𝑹𝑹𝑹 �𝟎𝟎 𝟒𝟒 𝟔𝟔 −𝟔𝟔�
𝟓𝟓 𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟏 𝟒𝟒 𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎 −𝟒𝟒 𝟒𝟒
𝟎𝟎 −𝟑𝟑 𝟎𝟎 𝟖𝟖 𝟎𝟎 −𝟑𝟑 𝟎𝟎 𝟖𝟖
𝟓𝟓 𝟎𝟎 𝟓𝟓 𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟏 𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟏 𝟎𝟎
�𝟎𝟎 𝟒𝟒 𝟔𝟔 −𝟔𝟔� 𝑹𝑹𝑹𝑹/𝟓𝟓 �𝟎𝟎 𝟒𝟒 𝟔𝟔 −𝟔𝟔�
𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎 −𝟒𝟒 𝟒𝟒 𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎 −𝟒𝟒 𝟒𝟒
𝟎𝟎 −𝟑𝟑 𝟎𝟎 𝟖𝟖 𝟎𝟎 −𝟑𝟑 𝟎𝟎 𝟖𝟖
𝟏𝟏 𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟏 𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟏 𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟏 𝟎𝟎
�𝟎𝟎 𝟒𝟒 𝟔𝟔 −𝟔𝟔� 𝑹𝑹𝑹𝑹/𝟒𝟒 �𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟏 𝟑𝟑/𝟐𝟐 −𝟑𝟑/𝟐𝟐
�
𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎 −𝟒𝟒 𝟒𝟒 𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎 −𝟒𝟒 𝟒𝟒
𝟎𝟎 −𝟑𝟑 𝟎𝟎 𝟖𝟖 𝟎𝟎 −𝟑𝟑 𝟎𝟎 𝟖𝟖
𝟏𝟏 𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟏 𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟏 𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟏 𝟎𝟎
𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟏 𝟑𝟑/𝟐𝟐 −𝟑𝟑/𝟐𝟐 𝟎𝟎 −𝟑𝟑 −𝟗𝟗/𝟐𝟐 𝟗𝟗/𝟐𝟐
� � 𝑹𝑹𝑹𝑹 ∗ −𝟑𝟑 � �
𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎 −𝟒𝟒 𝟒𝟒 𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎 −𝟒𝟒 𝟒𝟒
𝟎𝟎 −𝟑𝟑 𝟎𝟎 𝟖𝟖 𝟎𝟎 −𝟑𝟑 𝟎𝟎 𝟖𝟖
𝟏𝟏 𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟏 𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟏 𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟏 𝟎𝟎
𝟎𝟎 −𝟑𝟑 −𝟗𝟗/𝟐𝟐 𝟗𝟗/𝟐𝟐 𝟎𝟎 −𝟑𝟑 −𝟗𝟗/𝟐𝟐 𝟗𝟗/𝟐𝟐
� � 𝑹𝑹𝑹𝑹 − 𝑹𝑹𝑹𝑹 � �
𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎 −𝟒𝟒 𝟒𝟒 𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎 −𝟒𝟒 𝟒𝟒
𝟎𝟎 −𝟑𝟑 𝟎𝟎 𝟖𝟖 𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎 𝟗𝟗/𝟐𝟐 𝟕𝟕/𝟐𝟐
𝟏𝟏 𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟏 𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟏 𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟏 𝟎𝟎
𝟎𝟎 −𝟑𝟑 −𝟗𝟗/𝟐𝟐 𝟗𝟗/𝟐𝟐 𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟏 𝟑𝟑/𝟐𝟐 𝟑𝟑/𝟐𝟐
� � 𝑹𝑹𝑹𝑹 /−𝟑𝟑 � �
𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎 −𝟒𝟒 𝟒𝟒 𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎 −𝟒𝟒 𝟒𝟒
𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎 𝟗𝟗/𝟐𝟐 𝟕𝟕/𝟐𝟐 𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎 𝟗𝟗/𝟐𝟐 𝟕𝟕/𝟐𝟐
𝟏𝟏 𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟏 𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟏 𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟏 𝟎𝟎
𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟏 𝟑𝟑/𝟐𝟐 𝟑𝟑/𝟐𝟐 𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟏 𝟑𝟑/𝟐𝟐 𝟑𝟑/𝟐𝟐
� � 𝑹𝑹𝑹𝑹 /−𝟒𝟒 � �
𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎 −𝟒𝟒 𝟒𝟒 𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟏 −𝟏𝟏
𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎 𝟗𝟗/𝟐𝟐 𝟕𝟕/𝟐𝟐 𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎 𝟗𝟗/𝟐𝟐 𝟕𝟕/𝟐𝟐
𝟏𝟏 𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟏 𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟏 𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟏
𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟏 𝟑𝟑/𝟐𝟐 𝟑𝟑/𝟐𝟐 𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟏 𝟑𝟑/𝟐𝟐 𝟑𝟑/𝟐𝟐
� � 𝑹𝑹𝑹𝑹 − 𝑹𝑹𝑹𝑹 � �
𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟏 −𝟏𝟏 𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟏 −𝟏𝟏
𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎 𝟗𝟗/𝟐𝟐 𝟕𝟕/𝟐𝟐 𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎 𝟗𝟗/𝟐𝟐 𝟕𝟕/𝟐𝟐
𝟏𝟏 𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟏 𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟏
𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟏 𝟑𝟑/𝟐𝟐 𝟑𝟑/𝟐𝟐 𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟏 𝟑𝟑/𝟐𝟐 𝟑𝟑/𝟐𝟐
� � 𝑹𝑹𝑹𝑹 ∗ 𝟑𝟑/𝟐𝟐 � �
𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟏 −𝟏𝟏 𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎 𝟑𝟑/𝟐𝟐 −𝟑𝟑/𝟐𝟐
𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎 𝟗𝟗/𝟐𝟐 𝟕𝟕/𝟐𝟐 𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎 𝟗𝟗/𝟐𝟐 𝟕𝟕/𝟐𝟐
𝟏𝟏 𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟏 𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟏
𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟏 𝟑𝟑/𝟐𝟐 𝟑𝟑/𝟐𝟐 𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟏 𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎
� � 𝑹𝑹𝑹𝑹 − 𝑹𝑹𝑹𝑹 � 𝟑𝟑/𝟐𝟐 −𝟑𝟑/𝟐𝟐�
𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎 𝟑𝟑/𝟐𝟐 −𝟑𝟑/𝟐𝟐 𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎
𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎 𝟗𝟗/𝟐𝟐 𝟕𝟕/𝟐𝟐 𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎 𝟗𝟗/𝟐𝟐 𝟕𝟕/𝟐𝟐
𝟏𝟏 𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟏 𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟏
𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟏 𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟏 𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎
� 𝟑𝟑/𝟐𝟐 −𝟑𝟑/𝟐𝟐� 𝑹𝑹𝑹𝑹 / (𝟑𝟑/𝟐𝟐) �𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟏 −𝟏𝟏 �
𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎
𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎 𝟗𝟗/𝟐𝟐 𝟕𝟕/𝟐𝟐 𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎 𝟗𝟗/𝟐𝟐 𝟕𝟕/𝟐𝟐
𝟏𝟏 𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟏 𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟏
𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟏 𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟏 𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎
� 𝟏𝟏 −𝟏𝟏 � 𝑹𝑹𝑹𝑹 ∗ 𝟗𝟗/𝟐𝟐 �𝟎𝟎 𝟗𝟗/𝟐𝟐 −𝟗𝟗/𝟐𝟐�
𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎
𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎 𝟗𝟗/𝟐𝟐 𝟕𝟕/𝟐𝟐 𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎 𝟗𝟗/𝟐𝟐 𝟕𝟕/𝟐𝟐
𝟏𝟏 𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟏 𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟏
𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟏 𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟏 𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎 �
� 𝟗𝟗/𝟐𝟐 −𝟗𝟗/𝟐𝟐� 𝑹𝑹𝑹𝑹 − 𝑹𝑹𝑹𝑹 �𝟎𝟎
𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎 𝟗𝟗/𝟐𝟐 −𝟗𝟗/𝟐𝟐
𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎 𝟗𝟗/𝟐𝟐 𝟕𝟕/𝟐𝟐 𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎 𝟖𝟖
𝟏𝟏 𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟏 𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟏
�𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟏 𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎 � 𝑹𝑹𝑹𝑹/ (𝟗𝟗/𝟐𝟐) �𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟏 𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎 �
𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎 𝟗𝟗/𝟐𝟐 −𝟗𝟗/𝟐𝟐 𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟏 −𝟏𝟏
𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎 𝟖𝟖 𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎 𝟖𝟖
𝟏𝟏 𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟏 𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟏
�𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟏 𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎 � 𝑹𝑹𝑹𝑹 / 𝟖𝟖 �𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟏 𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎 �
𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎 𝟗𝟗/𝟐𝟐 −𝟗𝟗/𝟐𝟐 𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟏 −𝟏𝟏
𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎 𝟖𝟖 𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟏
𝟏𝟏 𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟏 𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎
�𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟏 𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎 � 𝑹𝑹𝑹𝑹 − 𝑹𝑹𝑹𝑹 �𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟏 𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎 �
𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟏 −𝟏𝟏 𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟏 −𝟏𝟏
𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟏 𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟏
𝟏𝟏 𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟏 𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎
�𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟏 𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎 � 𝑹𝑹𝑹𝑹 ∗ −𝟏𝟏 �𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟏 𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎 �
𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟏 −𝟏𝟏 𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟏 −𝟏𝟏
𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟏 𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎 −𝟏𝟏
𝟏𝟏 𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟏 𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎
�𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟏 𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎 � 𝑹𝑹𝑹𝑹 − 𝑹𝑹𝑹𝑹 �𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟏 𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎 �
𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟏 −𝟏𝟏 𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟏 𝟎𝟎
𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎 −𝟏𝟏 𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎 −𝟏𝟏
𝟏𝟏 𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟏 𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎
�𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟏 𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎 � 𝑹𝑹𝑹𝑹 /−𝟏𝟏 �𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟏 𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎�𝟎𝟎�
𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟏 𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟏 𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎
𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎 −𝟏𝟏 𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟏 𝟎𝟎
𝟏𝟏 𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟏 𝟎𝟎
𝑨𝑨 = � −𝟕𝟕 𝟒𝟒 −𝟏𝟏 −𝟔𝟔�
𝟓𝟓 𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟏 𝟒𝟒
𝟎𝟎 −𝟑𝟑 𝟎𝟎 𝟖𝟖
1 1 0 1 1 0
|𝐴𝐴| = +4 �5 1 4� + (−3) �−7 −1 −6�
0 0 8 5 1 4
1 1 0
|𝐵𝐵| = �5 1 4�
0 0 8
1 1 1 1
|𝐵𝐵| = −4 � � + 8� �
0 0 5 1
|𝑩𝑩| = −𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑
1 1 0
|𝐶𝐶| = �−7 −1 −6�
5 1 4
|𝐶𝐶| = −(−6) �1 1� + 4 � 1 1
�
5 1 −7 −1
|𝑪𝑪| = 𝟎𝟎
|𝑨𝑨| = −𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏
𝑹𝑹𝑹𝑹𝑹𝑹𝑹𝑹𝑹𝑹 𝟒𝟒
−𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏 ≠ 𝟎𝟎, 𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑 𝒍𝒍𝒍𝒍 𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕, 𝒍𝒍𝒍𝒍 𝑴𝑴𝑴𝑴𝑴𝑴𝑴𝑴𝑴𝑴𝑴𝑴 𝒆𝒆𝒆𝒆 𝒍𝒍𝒍𝒍𝒍𝒍𝒍𝒍𝒍𝒍𝒍𝒍𝒍𝒍𝒍𝒍𝒍𝒍𝒍𝒍𝒍𝒍 𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊 𝒚𝒚 𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔 𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓 𝒆𝒆𝒆𝒆 𝟒𝟒
Descripción del ejercicio 5
𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺
�⃗ = (𝒖𝒖𝟏𝟏 , 𝒖𝒖𝟐𝟐 , 𝒖𝒖𝟑𝟑 ) 𝒚𝒚 𝒘𝒘
𝒖𝒖 ���⃗ = (𝒘𝒘𝟏𝟏 , 𝒘𝒘𝟐𝟐 , 𝒘𝒘𝟑𝟑 )
𝟒𝟒(𝒖𝒖 ∗ 𝒘𝒘) = ‖𝒖𝒖 + 𝒘𝒘‖𝟐𝟐 − ‖𝒖𝒖 − 𝒘𝒘‖𝟐𝟐
𝑹𝑹𝑹𝑹𝑹𝑹𝑹𝑹𝑹𝑹𝑹𝑹𝑹𝑹𝑹𝑹𝑹𝑹𝑹𝑹 𝒐𝒐𝒐𝒐𝒐𝒐𝒐𝒐𝒐𝒐𝒐𝒐𝒐𝒐𝒐𝒐𝒐𝒐𝒐𝒐𝒐𝒐
𝟒𝟒(𝒖𝒖 ∗ 𝒘𝒘) = ‖𝒖𝒖‖𝟐𝟐 + 𝟐𝟐(𝒖𝒖 ∗ 𝒘𝒘) + ‖𝒘𝒘‖𝟐𝟐 − ‖𝒖𝒖‖𝟐𝟐 − 𝟐𝟐(𝒖𝒖 ∗ 𝒘𝒘) + ‖𝒘𝒘‖𝟐𝟐
𝑬𝑬𝑬𝑬𝑬𝑬𝑬𝑬𝑬𝑬𝑬𝑬𝑬𝑬𝑬𝑬𝑬𝑬𝑬𝑬 𝑻𝑻𝑻𝑻𝑻𝑻𝑻𝑻𝑻𝑻𝑻𝑻𝑻𝑻𝑻𝑻
𝟒𝟒(𝒖𝒖 ∗ 𝒘𝒘) = ‖𝒖𝒖‖𝟐𝟐 + 𝟐𝟐(𝒖𝒖 ∗ 𝒘𝒘) + ‖𝒘𝒘‖𝟐𝟐 − ‖𝒖𝒖‖𝟐𝟐 − 𝟐𝟐(𝒖𝒖 ∗ 𝒘𝒘) − ‖𝒘𝒘‖𝟐𝟐
𝑵𝑵𝑵𝑵𝑵𝑵 𝒒𝒒𝒒𝒒𝒒𝒒𝒒𝒒𝒒𝒒
𝟒𝟒(𝒖𝒖 ∗ 𝒘𝒘) = 𝟐𝟐(𝒖𝒖 ∗ 𝒘𝒘) + 𝟐𝟐(𝒖𝒖 ∗ 𝒘𝒘)
𝟒𝟒�(𝒖𝒖𝟏𝟏 , 𝒖𝒖𝟐𝟐 , 𝒖𝒖𝟑𝟑 )� ∗ �(𝒘𝒘𝟏𝟏 , 𝒘𝒘𝟐𝟐 , 𝒘𝒘𝟑𝟑 )� = 𝟒𝟒�(𝒖𝒖𝟏𝟏 , 𝒖𝒖𝟐𝟐 , 𝒖𝒖𝟑𝟑 )� ∗ �(𝒘𝒘𝟏𝟏 , 𝒘𝒘𝟐𝟐 , 𝒘𝒘𝟑𝟑 )�
Retroalimentación Ejercicios C
Ejercicio 1: conceptualización de sistemas de ecuaciones lineales, rectas y planos.
I) 𝑢𝑢 + 𝑣𝑣 = 𝑣𝑣 + 𝑢𝑢
II) 𝜆𝜆 (𝑢𝑢 − 𝑣𝑣) = 𝜆𝜆𝜆𝜆 − 𝜆𝜆𝜆𝜆
III) (𝜆𝜆 + 𝛽𝛽) 𝑣𝑣 = 𝜆𝜆𝜆𝜆 + 𝛽𝛽𝛽𝛽
Comprobar axioma I
𝑢𝑢 + 𝑣𝑣 = 𝑣𝑣 + 𝑢𝑢
(−5, 8, 3) + (9, −3, 8) = (9, −3, 8) + (−5, 8, 3)
(−5 + (9), 8 + (−3), 3 + (8)) = (9 + (−5), −3 + (8), 8 + (3))
(𝟒𝟒, 𝟓𝟓, 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏) = (𝟒𝟒, 𝟓𝟓, 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏) ∴ 𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶 𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎
Comprobar axioma II
𝜆𝜆 (𝑢𝑢 − 𝑣𝑣) = 𝜆𝜆𝜆𝜆 – 𝜆𝜆𝜆𝜆
−8[(−5, 8, 3) − (9, −3, 8)] = (−8(9, −3, 8)) − (−8(−5, 8, 3))
𝒊𝒊 + 𝒌𝒌 = 𝟎𝟎
𝒋𝒋 + 𝒌𝒌 = 𝟎𝟎
𝒋𝒋 + 𝒌𝒌 = 𝟎𝟎
𝟏𝟏 𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟏 𝟎𝟎
�𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟏�𝟎𝟎�
𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟏 𝟎𝟎
Aplicando Eliminación de Gauss Jordán
𝟏𝟏 𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟏 𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟏 𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟏 𝟎𝟎
�𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟏�𝟎𝟎� 𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 𝑅𝑅1 𝑦𝑦 𝑅𝑅3 − 𝑅𝑅1 �𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟏�𝟎𝟎�
𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟏 𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟏 𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎
𝟏𝟏 𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟏 𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟏 𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟏 𝟎𝟎
�𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟏�𝟎𝟎� 𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 𝑅𝑅2 𝑦𝑦 𝑅𝑅3 − 𝑅𝑅2 �𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟏 �𝟎𝟎�
𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟏 𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎 −𝟏𝟏 𝟎𝟎
𝟏𝟏 𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟏 𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟏 𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟏 𝟎𝟎
�𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟏 �𝟎𝟎� 𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒 𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 𝑅𝑅3 �𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟏�𝟎𝟎�
𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎 −𝟏𝟏 𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟏 𝟎𝟎
𝟏𝟏 𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟏 𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟏 𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎
�𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟏�𝟎𝟎� 𝑹𝑹𝟏𝟏 − 𝑹𝑹𝑹𝑹 �𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟏�𝟎𝟎�
𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟏 𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟏 𝟎𝟎
𝟏𝟏 𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟏 𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎
�𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟏 �
𝟏𝟏 𝟎𝟎� 𝑹𝑹𝑹𝑹 − 𝑹𝑹𝑹𝑹 � 𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟏 𝟎𝟎�𝟎𝟎�
𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟏 𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟏 𝟎𝟎
𝟏𝟏 𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟏 𝒙𝒙
�𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟏�𝒚𝒚�
𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟏 𝒛𝒛
𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 𝐹𝐹3 + 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 𝐹𝐹3 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐(−1): 𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟 𝐹𝐹3 → 𝐹𝐹3 + (−1𝐹𝐹1)
𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 𝐹𝐹3 + 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 𝐹𝐹2 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐(−1): 𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟 𝐹𝐹3 → 𝐹𝐹3 + (−1𝐹𝐹2)
𝑹𝑹𝑹𝑹𝑹𝑹𝑹𝑹𝑹𝑹𝑹𝑹𝑹𝑹𝑹𝑹𝑹𝑹 𝒅𝒅𝒅𝒅 𝒍𝒍𝒍𝒍𝒍𝒍 𝒐𝒐𝒐𝒐𝒐𝒐𝒐𝒐𝒐𝒐𝒐𝒐𝒐𝒐𝒐𝒐𝒐𝒐𝒐𝒐𝒐𝒐
⎧
𝟏𝟏 𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟏 𝒙𝒙 ⎪ 𝟏𝟏 + (−𝟏𝟏 ∗ 𝟏𝟏) = 𝟏𝟏 − 𝟏𝟏 = 𝟎𝟎
�𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟏� 𝒚𝒚 � ∴ 𝟏𝟏 + (−𝟏𝟏 ∗ 𝟏𝟏) = 𝟏𝟏 − 𝟏𝟏 = 𝟎𝟎
𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎 𝒙𝒙 − 𝒛𝒛 − 𝒚𝒚 ⎨ 𝒙𝒙 − 𝒛𝒛 + (−𝟏𝟏 ∗ 𝒚𝒚) = 𝒙𝒙 − 𝒛𝒛 − 𝒚𝒚
⎪
⎩
𝒊𝒊 = 𝒙𝒙
𝒋𝒋 = 𝒚𝒚
𝒌𝒌 = 𝒙𝒙 − 𝒛𝒛 − 𝒚𝒚
Ejercicio 4: Determinantes, Rango de una matriz, e Independencia lineal.
𝟏𝟏 𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟏 𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟏
�𝟎𝟎 𝟔𝟔 −𝟏𝟏 � 𝑹𝑹𝑹𝑹 − 𝑹𝑹𝑹𝑹 �𝟎𝟎 𝟔𝟔 −𝟏𝟏 �
𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟏 𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟏 𝟎𝟎
𝟎𝟎 −𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟏 𝟎𝟎 −𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟏
𝟏𝟏 𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟏 𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟏
�𝟎𝟎 𝟔𝟔 −𝟏𝟏 � 𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔 𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊 𝒍𝒍𝒍𝒍 𝒇𝒇𝒇𝒇𝒇𝒇𝒇𝒇 𝑹𝑹𝑹𝑹 𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑 𝒍𝒍𝒍𝒍 𝒇𝒇𝒇𝒇𝒇𝒇𝒇𝒇 𝑹𝑹𝑹𝑹 �𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟏 𝟎𝟎 �
𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟏 𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎 𝟔𝟔 −𝟏𝟏
𝟎𝟎 −𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟏 𝟎𝟎 −𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟏
𝟏𝟏 𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟏 𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟏
�𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟏 𝟎𝟎 � 𝑹𝑹𝑹𝑹 ∗ 𝟔𝟔 �𝟎𝟎 𝟔𝟔 𝟎𝟎 �
𝟎𝟎 𝟔𝟔 −𝟏𝟏 𝟎𝟎 𝟔𝟔 −𝟏𝟏
𝟎𝟎 −𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟏 𝟎𝟎 −𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟏
𝟏𝟏 𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟏 𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟏
�𝟎𝟎 𝟔𝟔 𝟎𝟎 � 𝑹𝑹𝑹𝑹 − 𝑹𝑹𝑹𝑹 �𝟎𝟎 𝟔𝟔 𝟎𝟎 �
𝟎𝟎 𝟔𝟔 −𝟏𝟏 𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎 −𝟏𝟏
𝟎𝟎 −𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟏 𝟎𝟎 −𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟏
𝟏𝟏 𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟏 𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟏
�𝟎𝟎 𝟔𝟔 𝟎𝟎 � 𝑹𝑹𝑹𝑹 / 𝟔𝟔 �𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟏 𝟎𝟎 �
𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎 −𝟏𝟏 𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎 −𝟏𝟏
𝟎𝟎 −𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟏 𝟎𝟎 −𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟏
𝟏𝟏 𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟏 𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟏
�𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟏 𝟎𝟎 � 𝑹𝑹𝑹𝑹 ∗ −𝟏𝟏 �𝟎𝟎 −𝟏𝟏 𝟎𝟎 �
𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎 −𝟏𝟏 𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎 −𝟏𝟏
𝟎𝟎 −𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟏 𝟎𝟎 −𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟏
𝟏𝟏 𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟏 𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟏
�𝟎𝟎 −𝟏𝟏 𝟎𝟎 � 𝑹𝑹𝑹𝑹 − 𝑹𝑹𝑹𝑹 �𝟎𝟎 −𝟏𝟏 𝟎𝟎 �
𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎 −𝟏𝟏 𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎 −𝟏𝟏
𝟎𝟎 −𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟏 𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟏
𝟏𝟏 𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟏 𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟏
�𝟎𝟎 −𝟏𝟏 𝟎𝟎 � 𝑹𝑹𝑹𝑹 /−𝟏𝟏 �𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟏 𝟎𝟎 �
𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎 −𝟏𝟏 𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎 −𝟏𝟏
𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟏 𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟏
𝟏𝟏 𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟏
�𝟎𝟎 𝟔𝟔 −𝟏𝟏� 𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔 𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕 𝒖𝒖𝒖𝒖𝒖𝒖 𝒎𝒎𝒎𝒎𝒎𝒎𝒎𝒎𝒎𝒎𝒎𝒎 𝟑𝟑 ∗ 𝟑𝟑
𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟏
𝟎𝟎 −𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟏
𝟎𝟎 𝟔𝟔 −𝟏𝟏 𝟎𝟎 𝟔𝟔
�𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟏 � �𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟏�
𝟎𝟎 −𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟏 𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟏
= {(𝟎𝟎 ∗ 𝟏𝟏 ∗ 𝟏𝟏) + (𝟔𝟔 ∗ 𝟏𝟏 ∗ 𝟎𝟎) + (−𝟏𝟏 ∗ 𝟏𝟏 ∗ 𝟏𝟏)} − {(𝟎𝟎 ∗ 𝟏𝟏 ∗ −𝟏𝟏) − (−𝟏𝟏 ∗ 𝟏𝟏 ∗ 𝟎𝟎) − (𝟏𝟏 ∗ 𝟏𝟏 ∗ 𝟔𝟔)}
= {(𝟎𝟎) + (𝟎𝟎) + (−𝟏𝟏) +} − {(𝟎𝟎) − (𝟎𝟎) − (𝟔𝟔)}
= (−𝟏𝟏) − (−𝟔𝟔) =
|𝑫𝑫| = 𝟓𝟓
3. Determine si el conjunto formado por las columnas de la matriz 𝐶𝐶 es linealmente independiente
𝟓𝟓 ≠ 𝟎𝟎 𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑 𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕 , 𝒓𝒓(𝑪𝑪) = 𝟑𝟑
𝒖𝒖 ∗ (𝒗𝒗 ∗ 𝒘𝒘) = (𝒖𝒖𝟏𝟏 , 𝒖𝒖𝟐𝟐 , 𝒖𝒖𝟑𝟑 ) ∗ [(𝒗𝒗𝟏𝟏 , 𝒗𝒗𝟐𝟐 , 𝒗𝒗𝟑𝟑 ) ∗ ((𝒘𝒘𝟏𝟏 , 𝒘𝒘𝟐𝟐 , 𝒘𝒘𝟑𝟑 )]
𝒊𝒊 𝒋𝒋 𝒌𝒌
𝒗𝒗
𝒗𝒗 ∗ 𝒘𝒘 = � 𝟏𝟏 𝒗𝒗𝟐𝟐 𝒗𝒗𝟑𝟑 � = 𝒊𝒊 (𝒗𝒗𝟐𝟐 𝒘𝒘𝟑𝟑 − 𝒗𝒗𝟑𝟑 𝒘𝒘𝟐𝟐 ) − 𝒋𝒋(𝒗𝒗𝟏𝟏 𝒘𝒘𝟑𝟑 − 𝒗𝒗𝟑𝟑 𝒘𝒘𝟏𝟏 ) + 𝒌𝒌 (𝒗𝒗𝟏𝟏 𝒘𝒘𝟐𝟐 − 𝒗𝒗𝟐𝟐 𝒘𝒘𝟏𝟏 )
𝒘𝒘𝟏𝟏 𝒘𝒘𝟐𝟐 𝒘𝒘𝟑𝟑
𝒖𝒖 ∗ [𝒊𝒊 (𝒗𝒗𝟐𝟐 𝒘𝒘𝟑𝟑 − 𝒗𝒗𝟑𝟑 𝒘𝒘𝟐𝟐 ) − 𝒋𝒋(𝒗𝒗𝟏𝟏 𝒘𝒘𝟑𝟑 − 𝒗𝒗𝟑𝟑 𝒘𝒘𝟏𝟏 ) + 𝒌𝒌 (𝒗𝒗𝟏𝟏 𝒘𝒘𝟐𝟐 − 𝒗𝒗𝟐𝟐 𝒘𝒘𝟏𝟏 )]
𝑷𝑷𝑷𝑷𝑷𝑷𝑷𝑷𝑷𝑷𝑷𝑷𝑷𝑷𝑷𝑷 𝑽𝑽𝑽𝑽𝑽𝑽𝑽𝑽𝑽𝑽𝑽𝑽𝑽𝑽𝑽𝑽𝑽𝑽
(𝒖𝒖𝟏𝟏 , 𝒖𝒖𝟐𝟐 , 𝒖𝒖𝟑𝟑 ) ∗ [𝒊𝒊 (𝒗𝒗𝟐𝟐 𝒘𝒘𝟑𝟑 − 𝒗𝒗𝟑𝟑 𝒘𝒘𝟐𝟐 ) − 𝒋𝒋(𝒗𝒗𝟏𝟏 𝒘𝒘𝟑𝟑 − 𝒗𝒗𝟑𝟑 𝒘𝒘𝟏𝟏 ) + 𝒌𝒌 (𝒗𝒗𝟏𝟏 𝒘𝒘𝟐𝟐 − 𝒗𝒗𝟐𝟐 𝒘𝒘𝟏𝟏 )]
= 𝒖𝒖𝟏𝟏 (𝒗𝒗𝟐𝟐 𝒘𝒘𝟑𝟑 − 𝒗𝒗𝟑𝟑 𝒘𝒘𝟐𝟐 ) − 𝒖𝒖𝟐𝟐 (𝒗𝒗𝟏𝟏 𝒘𝒘𝟑𝟑 − 𝒗𝒗𝟑𝟑 𝒘𝒘𝟏𝟏 ) + 𝒖𝒖𝟑𝟑 (𝒗𝒗𝟏𝟏 𝒘𝒘𝟐𝟐 − 𝒗𝒗𝟐𝟐 𝒘𝒘𝟏𝟏 )
𝑷𝑷𝑷𝑷𝑷𝑷𝑷𝑷𝑷𝑷𝑷𝑷𝑷𝑷𝑷𝑷 𝑬𝑬𝑬𝑬𝑬𝑬𝑬𝑬𝑬𝑬𝑬𝑬𝑬𝑬
𝒖𝒖 ∗ (𝒗𝒗 ∗ 𝒘𝒘) = 𝒗𝒗𝟐𝟐 𝒖𝒖𝟏𝟏 𝒘𝒘𝟑𝟑 − 𝒗𝒗𝟑𝟑 𝒖𝒖𝟏𝟏 𝒘𝒘𝟐𝟐 + 𝒗𝒗𝟏𝟏 𝒖𝒖𝟐𝟐 𝒘𝒘𝟑𝟑 − 𝒗𝒗𝟑𝟑 𝒖𝒖𝟐𝟐 𝒘𝒘𝟏𝟏 + 𝒗𝒗𝟏𝟏 𝒖𝒖𝟑𝟑 𝒘𝒘𝟐𝟐 − 𝒗𝒗𝟐𝟐 𝒖𝒖𝟑𝟑 𝒘𝒘𝟏𝟏
𝒊𝒊 𝒋𝒋 𝒌𝒌
𝒖𝒖 ∗ 𝒘𝒘 = � 𝒖𝒖𝟏𝟏 𝒖𝒖𝟐𝟐 𝒖𝒖𝟑𝟑 � = 𝒊𝒊 (𝒖𝒖𝟐𝟐 𝒘𝒘𝟑𝟑 − 𝒖𝒖𝟑𝟑 𝒘𝒘𝟐𝟐 ) − 𝒋𝒋(𝒖𝒖𝟏𝟏 𝒘𝒘𝟑𝟑 − 𝒖𝒖𝟑𝟑 𝒘𝒘𝟏𝟏 ) + 𝒌𝒌 (𝒖𝒖𝟏𝟏 𝒘𝒘𝟐𝟐 − 𝒖𝒖𝟐𝟐 𝒘𝒘𝟏𝟏 )
𝒘𝒘𝟏𝟏 𝒘𝒘𝟐𝟐 𝒘𝒘𝟑𝟑
𝒖𝒖 ∗ 𝒘𝒘 = 𝒊𝒊 (𝒖𝒖𝟐𝟐 𝒘𝒘𝟑𝟑 − 𝒖𝒖𝟑𝟑 𝒘𝒘𝟐𝟐 ) − 𝒋𝒋(𝒖𝒖𝟏𝟏 𝒘𝒘𝟑𝟑 − 𝒖𝒖𝟑𝟑 𝒘𝒘𝟏𝟏 ) + 𝒌𝒌 (𝒖𝒖𝟏𝟏 𝒘𝒘𝟐𝟐 − 𝒖𝒖𝟐𝟐 𝒘𝒘𝟏𝟏 ) ∗ 𝒗𝒗
𝒖𝒖 ∗ 𝒘𝒘 = (𝒖𝒖𝟐𝟐 𝒘𝒘𝟑𝟑 − 𝒖𝒖𝟑𝟑 𝒘𝒘𝟐𝟐 ) − (𝒖𝒖𝟏𝟏 𝒘𝒘𝟑𝟑 − 𝒖𝒖𝟑𝟑 𝒘𝒘𝟏𝟏 ) + (𝒖𝒖𝟏𝟏 𝒘𝒘𝟐𝟐 − 𝒖𝒖𝟐𝟐 𝒘𝒘𝟏𝟏 ) ∗ (𝒗𝒗𝟏𝟏 , 𝒗𝒗𝟐𝟐 , 𝒗𝒗𝟑𝟑 )
𝒖𝒖 ∗ 𝒘𝒘 = (𝒖𝒖𝟐𝟐 𝒘𝒘𝟑𝟑 − 𝒖𝒖𝟑𝟑 𝒘𝒘𝟐𝟐 )𝒗𝒗𝟏𝟏 − (𝒖𝒖𝟏𝟏 𝒘𝒘𝟑𝟑 + 𝒖𝒖𝟑𝟑 𝒘𝒘𝟏𝟏 )𝒗𝒗𝟐𝟐 + (𝒖𝒖𝟏𝟏 𝒘𝒘𝟐𝟐 − 𝒖𝒖𝟐𝟐 𝒘𝒘𝟏𝟏 )𝒗𝒗𝟑𝟑
(𝒖𝒖 ∗ 𝒘𝒘) ∗ 𝒗𝒗 = (𝒗𝒗𝟏𝟏 𝒖𝒖𝟐𝟐 𝒘𝒘𝟑𝟑 − 𝒗𝒗𝟏𝟏 𝒖𝒖𝟑𝟑 𝒘𝒘𝟐𝟐 ) − (𝒗𝒗𝟐𝟐 𝒖𝒖𝟏𝟏 𝒘𝒘𝟑𝟑 + 𝒗𝒗𝟐𝟐 𝒖𝒖𝟑𝟑 𝒘𝒘𝟏𝟏 ) + (𝒗𝒗𝟑𝟑 𝒖𝒖𝟏𝟏 𝒘𝒘𝟐𝟐 − 𝒗𝒗𝟑𝟑 𝒖𝒖𝟐𝟐 𝒘𝒘𝟏𝟏 )
𝒊𝒊 𝒋𝒋 𝒌𝒌
𝒖𝒖 ∗ 𝒗𝒗 = �𝒖𝒖𝟏𝟏 𝒖𝒖𝟐𝟐 𝒖𝒖𝟑𝟑 � = 𝒊𝒊 (𝒖𝒖𝟐𝟐 𝒗𝒗𝟑𝟑 − 𝒖𝒖𝟑𝟑 𝒗𝒗𝟐𝟐 ) − 𝒋𝒋(𝒖𝒖𝟏𝟏 𝒗𝒗𝟑𝟑 − 𝒖𝒖𝟑𝟑 𝒗𝒗𝟏𝟏 ) + 𝒌𝒌 (𝒖𝒖𝟏𝟏 𝒗𝒗𝟐𝟐 − 𝒖𝒖𝟐𝟐 𝒗𝒗𝟏𝟏 )
𝒗𝒗𝟏𝟏 𝒗𝒗𝟐𝟐 𝒗𝒗𝟑𝟑
(𝒖𝒖 ∗ 𝒗𝒗) = (𝒖𝒖𝟐𝟐 𝒗𝒗𝟑𝟑 − 𝒖𝒖𝟑𝟑 𝒗𝒗𝟐𝟐 ) − (𝒖𝒖𝟏𝟏 𝒗𝒗𝟑𝟑 − 𝒖𝒖𝟑𝟑 𝒗𝒗𝟏𝟏 ) + (𝒖𝒖𝟏𝟏 𝒗𝒗𝟐𝟐 − 𝒖𝒖𝟐𝟐 𝒗𝒗𝟏𝟏 )
(𝒖𝒖 ∗ 𝒗𝒗) = (𝒖𝒖𝟐𝟐 𝒗𝒗𝟑𝟑 − 𝒖𝒖𝟑𝟑 𝒗𝒗𝟐𝟐 ) − (𝒖𝒖𝟏𝟏 𝒗𝒗𝟑𝟑 − 𝒖𝒖𝟑𝟑 𝒗𝒗𝟏𝟏 ) + (𝒖𝒖𝟏𝟏 𝒗𝒗𝟐𝟐 − 𝒖𝒖𝟐𝟐 𝒗𝒗𝟏𝟏 ) ∗ 𝒘𝒘
𝑷𝑷𝑷𝑷𝑷𝑷𝑷𝑷𝑷𝑷𝑷𝑷𝑷𝑷𝑷𝑷 𝑽𝑽𝑽𝑽𝑽𝑽𝑽𝑽𝑽𝑽𝑽𝑽𝑽𝑽𝑽𝑽𝑽𝑽
(𝒖𝒖 ∗ 𝒗𝒗) = (𝒖𝒖𝟐𝟐 𝒗𝒗𝟑𝟑 − 𝒖𝒖𝟑𝟑 𝒗𝒗𝟐𝟐 ) − (𝒖𝒖𝟏𝟏 𝒗𝒗𝟑𝟑 − 𝒖𝒖𝟑𝟑 𝒗𝒗𝟏𝟏 ) + (𝒖𝒖𝟏𝟏 𝒗𝒗𝟐𝟐 − 𝒖𝒖𝟐𝟐 𝒗𝒗𝟏𝟏 ) ∗ (𝒘𝒘𝟏𝟏 , 𝒘𝒘𝟐𝟐 , 𝒘𝒘𝟑𝟑 )
𝑷𝑷𝑷𝑷𝑷𝑷𝑷𝑷𝑷𝑷𝑷𝑷𝑷𝑷𝑷𝑷 𝒆𝒆𝒆𝒆𝒆𝒆𝒆𝒆𝒆𝒆𝒆𝒆𝒆𝒆
(𝒖𝒖 ∗ 𝒗𝒗) ∗ 𝒘𝒘 = (𝒖𝒖𝟐𝟐 𝒗𝒗𝟑𝟑 − 𝒖𝒖𝟑𝟑 𝒗𝒗𝟐𝟐 )𝒘𝒘𝟏𝟏 − (𝒖𝒖𝟏𝟏 𝒗𝒗𝟑𝟑 − 𝒖𝒖𝟑𝟑 𝒗𝒗𝟏𝟏 ) 𝒘𝒘𝟐𝟐 + (𝒖𝒖𝟏𝟏 𝒗𝒗𝟐𝟐 − 𝒖𝒖𝟐𝟐 𝒗𝒗𝟏𝟏 )𝒘𝒘𝟑𝟑
(𝒖𝒖 ∗ 𝒗𝒗) ∗ 𝒘𝒘 = 𝒖𝒖𝟐𝟐 𝒗𝒗𝟑𝟑 𝒘𝒘𝟏𝟏 − 𝒖𝒖𝟑𝟑 𝒗𝒗𝟐𝟐 𝒘𝒘𝟏𝟏 + 𝒖𝒖𝟏𝟏 𝒗𝒗𝟑𝟑 𝒘𝒘𝟐𝟐 − 𝒖𝒖𝟑𝟑 𝒗𝒗𝟏𝟏 𝒘𝒘𝟐𝟐 + 𝒖𝒖𝟏𝟏 𝒗𝒗𝟐𝟐 𝒘𝒘𝟑𝟑 − 𝒖𝒖𝟐𝟐 𝒗𝒗𝟏𝟏 𝒘𝒘𝟑𝟑
𝒖𝒖 ∗ (𝒗𝒗 ∗ 𝒘𝒘) = (𝒖𝒖 ∗ 𝒘𝒘) ∗ 𝒗𝒗 − (𝒖𝒖 ∗ 𝒗𝒗) ∗ 𝒘𝒘
𝒖𝒖 ∗ (𝒗𝒗 ∗ 𝒘𝒘) = 𝒗𝒗𝟐𝟐 𝒖𝒖𝟏𝟏 𝒘𝒘𝟑𝟑 − 𝒗𝒗𝟑𝟑 𝒖𝒖𝟏𝟏 𝒘𝒘𝟐𝟐 − 𝒗𝒗𝟏𝟏 𝒖𝒖𝟐𝟐 𝒘𝒘𝟑𝟑 + 𝒗𝒗𝟑𝟑 𝒖𝒖𝟐𝟐 𝒘𝒘𝟏𝟏 + 𝒗𝒗𝟏𝟏 𝒖𝒖𝟑𝟑 𝒘𝒘𝟐𝟐 − 𝒗𝒗𝟐𝟐 𝒖𝒖𝟑𝟑 𝒘𝒘𝟏𝟏
(𝒖𝒖 ∗ 𝒘𝒘) ∗ 𝒗𝒗 = (𝒗𝒗𝟏𝟏 𝒖𝒖𝟐𝟐 𝒘𝒘𝟑𝟑 − 𝒗𝒗𝟏𝟏 𝒖𝒖𝟑𝟑 𝒘𝒘𝟐𝟐 ) − (𝒗𝒗𝟐𝟐 𝒖𝒖𝟏𝟏 𝒘𝒘𝟑𝟑 + 𝒗𝒗𝟐𝟐 𝒖𝒖𝟑𝟑 𝒘𝒘𝟏𝟏 ) + (𝒗𝒗𝟑𝟑 𝒖𝒖𝟏𝟏 𝒘𝒘𝟐𝟐 − 𝒗𝒗𝟑𝟑 𝒖𝒖𝟐𝟐 𝒘𝒘𝟏𝟏 )