Dibujamos las reacciones en los apoyos e indicamos los valores de las cargas y las

distancias.
Note que en el punto A deberían haber 2 reacciones. Una en x y otra en el eje y, pero no
hay más cargas en el eje x por lo que al hacer una sumatoria de fuerzas, obtenemos que
Ax ＝ 0
P1 ≔ 13.00 kN h1 ≔ 4.2 m
P2 ≔ 19.50 kN h2 ≔ 4.4 m
P3 ≔ 19.00 kN
P4 ≔ 38.00 kN

∑ MA ＝ 0 -4 ⋅ P1 - 8 ⋅ P2 - 10 ⋅ P3 - 12 ⋅ P4 + 16 Iy ＝ 0
4 ⋅ P1 + 8 ⋅ P2 + 10 ⋅ P3 + 12 ⋅ P4
Iy ≔ ―――――――――
16
Iy = 53.375 kN

∑ Fy ＝ 0 Ay - P1 - P2 - P3 - P4 + Iy ＝ 0

Ay ≔ P1 + P2 + P3 + P4 - Iy

Ay = 36.125 kN

Identificamos los elementos de fuerza cero en la armadura.

Recuerde que si tenemos un nodo en el que coinciden 3 elementos, 2 de ellos son
colineales y no actúa ninguna fuerza externa, el tercer elemento será de fuerza cero.

Como h1 y h2 no son iguales, no podemos decir que las diagonales son colineales.
 BN ≔ 0 kN

DO ≔ 0 kN

EL ≔ 0 kN

HJ ≔ 0 kN

Todas las distancias que son enunciadas en el trabajo, fueron halladas mediante un software de
diseño.

MÉTODO DE NODOS

Por simetría de la armadura, podemos asegurar que las reacciones mostradas en los nodos
de la figura, serán las mismas pero en sentidos contrarios.

Es necesario recalcar que, por ejemplo, la fuerza BC es la misma CB y así´ocurre con los
demás nodos.
 NODO A

∑ Fy ＝ 0 Ay - NA ⋅ sin ((64.54°)) ＝ 0
Ay
NA ≔ ――――
sin ((64.54°))
NA = 40.011 kN

∑ Fx ＝ 0 AB - NA ⋅ cos ((64.54°)) ＝ 0
AB ≔ NA ⋅ cos ((64.54°))
AB = 17.2 kN

BC ≔ AB BC = 17.2 kN
 NODO N

∑ Fy ＝ 0 NA ⋅ sin ((64.54°)) + CN ⋅ sin ((64.54°)) - NM ⋅ sin ((65.56°)) ＝ 0

∑ Fx ＝ 0 NA ⋅ cos ((64.54°)) - CN ⋅ cos ((64.54°)) - NM ⋅ cos ((65.56°)) ＝ 0

NM ⋅ sin ((65.56°)) - NA ⋅ sin ((64.54°))

CN ＝ ―――――――――――
sin ((64.54°))

NM ⋅ sin ((65.56°)) - NA ⋅ sin ((64.54°))

NA ⋅ cos ((64.54°)) - ―――――――――――⋅ cos ((64.54°)) - NM ⋅ cos ((65.56°)) ＝ 0
sin ((64.54°))

Despejando NM y reemplazando en CN

NM ≔ 40.605 kN CN ≔ 0.931 kN
 NODO M NODO C

∑ Fy ＝ 0 NMy - CM - OMy ＝ 0 ∑ Fy ＝ 0 CM - CNy + COy - P1 ＝ 0

∑ Fx ＝ 0 NMx + OMx - LM ＝ 0 ∑ Fx ＝ 0 CNx + COx - BC + CD ＝ 0

NODO O

∑ Fy ＝ 0 OMy - COy - OEy ＝ 0

∑ Fx ＝ 0 -OMx - COx + OEx ＝ 0

θ1 ≔ 65.56°
NMy ＝ NM ⋅ sin ⎛⎝θ1⎞⎠
θ2 ≔ 64.54° NMx ≔ NM ⋅ cos ⎛⎝θ1⎞⎠

COy ＝ CO ⋅ sin ⎛⎝θ2⎞⎠ CNy ＝ CN ⋅ sin ⎛⎝θ1⎞⎠ OMy ＝ OM ⋅ sin ⎛⎝θ1⎞⎠ OEy ＝ OE ⋅ sin ⎛⎝θ2⎞⎠
COx ＝ CO ⋅ cos ⎛⎝θ2⎞⎠ CNx ＝ CN ⋅ cos ⎛⎝θ1⎞⎠ OMx ＝ OM ⋅ cos ⎛⎝θ1⎞⎠ OEx ＝ OE ⋅ cos ⎛⎝θ2⎞⎠

Armando el sistema de 6 ecuaciones y 6 incógnitas.

NMy - CM - OMy ＝ 0 CM ≔ 13.321 kN

NMx + OMx - LM ＝ 0 OM ≔ 25.985 kN

CM - CNy + COy - P1 ＝ 0 Al reemplazar los LM ≔ 27.558 kN

valores en el sistema de
CNx + COx - BC + CD ＝ 0 ecuaciones se obtiene: CO ≔ 0.584 kN

OMy - COy - OEy ＝ 0 CD ≔ 16.564 kN

-OMx - COx + OEx ＝ 0 OE ≔ 25.602 kN

Como se había enunciado en un principio, sabemos que:

Como se había enunciado en un principio, sabemos que:

KL ≔ LM DE ≔ CD
KL = 27.558 kN DE = 16.564 kN

NODO I

Iy
∑ Fy ＝ 0 Iy - IJ ⋅ sin ((64.54°)) ＝ 0 IJ ≔ ―――― IJ = 59.116 kN
sin ((64.54°))

∑ Fx ＝ 0 HI - IJ ⋅ cos ((64.54°)) ＝ 0 HI ≔ IJ ⋅ cos ((64.54°)) HI = 25.413 kN

GH ≔ HI GH = 25.413 kN

NODO J

∑ Fy ＝ 0 IJ ⋅ sin ((64.54°)) + GJ ⋅ sin ((64.54°)) - JK ⋅ sin ((65.56°)) ＝ 0

∑ Fx ＝ 0 IJ ⋅ cos ((64.54°)) - GJ ⋅ cos ((64.54°)) - JK ⋅ cos ((65.56°)) ＝ 0

JK ⋅ sin ((65.56°)) - IJ ⋅ sin ((64.54°))

GJ ＝ ―――――――――――
sin ((64.54°))
 JK ⋅ sin ((65.56°)) - IJ ⋅ sin ((64.54°))
GJ ＝ ―――――――――――
sin ((64.54°))

JK ⋅ sin ((65.56°)) - IJ ⋅ sin ((64.54°))

IJ ⋅ cos ((64.54°)) - ――――――――――― ⋅ cos ((64.54°)) - JK ⋅ cos ((65.56°)) ＝ 0
sin ((64.54°))

Despejando GJ y reemplazando en JK

GJ ≔ 1.376 kN JK ≔ 59.993 kN

NODO F

∑ Fy ＝ 0 FP - P3 ＝ 0 FP ≔ P3 FP = 19 kN

NODO K

∑ Fy ＝ 0 JK ⋅ sin ⎛⎝θ1⎞⎠ - GK - PK ⋅ sin ⎛⎝θ1⎞⎠ ＝ 0

∑ Fx ＝ 0 JK ⋅ cos ⎛⎝θ1⎞⎠ + PK ⋅ cos ⎛⎝θ1⎞⎠ - KL ＝ 0

Despejando KG y PK
 Despejando KG y PK

GK ≔ 48.6 kN PK ≔ 6.614 kN

NODO G

∑ Fy ＝ 0 GK - GJ ⋅ sin ⎛⎝θ2⎞⎠ - GP ⋅ sin ⎛⎝θ2⎞⎠ - P4 ＝ 0 GP ≔ 10.364 kN

∑ Fx ＝ 0 GP ⋅ cos ⎛⎝θ2⎞⎠ + GH - GJ ⋅ cos ⎛⎝θ2⎞⎠ - FG ＝ 0 FG ≔ 29.277 kN

Note que: EF ≔ FG EF = 29.277 kN

NODO E

∑ Fy ＝ 0 OE ⋅ sin ⎛⎝θ2⎞⎠ - EP ⋅ sin ⎛⎝θ2⎞⎠ - P2 ＝ 0

EP ≔ 4.005 kN

TABLA DE RESULTADOS
 TABLA DE RESULTADOS

AB = 17.2 kN KL = 27.558 kN HJ = 0 kN
BC = 17.2 kN LM = 27.558 kN CN = 0.931 kN
CD = 16.564 kN NM = 40.605 kN CO = 0.584 kN
DE = 16.564 kN NA = 40.011 kN OE = 25.602 kN
EF = 29.277 kN BN = 0 kN EP = 4.005 kN
FG = 29.277 kN CM = 13.321 kN GP = 10.364 kN
GH = 25.413 kN DO = 0 kN GJ = 1.376 kN
HI = 25.413 kN EL = 0 kN OM = 25.985 kN
IJ = 59.116 kN FP = 19 kN PK = 6.614 kN
JK = 59.993 kN GK = 48.6 kN

Elementos a tensión
Elementos a compresión
Elementos de fuerza cero

MÉTODO DE SECCIONES
 MÉTODO DE SECCIONES

Realizamos cortes en la estructura para encontrar reacciones en los elementos.

∑ MN ＝ 0 -Ay ((2)) + h1 ((AB)) ＝ 0

2⋅m
AB ≔ Ay ⋅ ――
h1
AB = 17.202 kN

∑ MB ＝ 0 -Ay ((2)) + NA ⋅ ⎛⎝dB_NA⎞⎠ ＝ 0 dB_NA ≔ 1.80572 m

Ay ⋅ 2 m
NA ≔ ――― Nota: la distancia se entiende como
dB_NA "distancia desde el nodo B hasta la línea
NA = 40.012 kN de acción de la fuerza NA" y es igual
para las otras distancias mencionadas
más adelante.
∑ MN ＝ 0
2⋅m
-Ay ((2)) + h1 ((BC)) ＝ 0 BC ≔ Ay ⋅ ――
h1
BC = 17.202 kN
dM_CN ≔ 3.69743 ⋅ m

dB_MN ≔ 1.80572 m

dC_MN ≔ 3.55871 m

dB_CN ≔ dB_MN

∑ MM ＝ 0 -Ay ⋅ ((4)) + ⎛⎝h1 + h2⎞⎠ ⋅ ((BC)) - CN ⋅ dM_CN ＝ 0

-Ay ⋅ 4 m + ⎛⎝h1 + h2⎞⎠ ⋅ ((BC))
CN ≔ ―――――――――
dM_CN
CN = 0.931 kN

∑ MC ＝ 0 -Ay ⋅ ((4)) + NM ⋅ dC_MN ＝ 0

Ay ⋅ 4 m
NM ≔ ―――
dC_MN
NM = 40.605 kN
 ∑ ME ＝ 0 -Ay ⋅ ((8)) + P1 ⋅ ((4)) + LM ⋅ ⎛⎝h1 + h2⎞⎠ ＝ 0
Ay ⋅ 8 m - P1 ⋅ 4 m
LM ≔ ――――――
h1 + h2
LM = 27.558 kN

∑ MO ＝ 0 -Ay ⋅ ((6)) + P1 ⋅ ((2)) + LM ⋅ h2 + DE ⋅ h1 ＝ 0

Ay ⋅ 6 m - P1 ⋅ 2 m - LM ⋅ h2
DE ≔ ―――――――――
h1
DE = 16.546 kN

∑ MD ＝ 0 -Ay ⋅ ((6)) + P1 ⋅ ((2)) + LM ⋅ ⎛⎝h1 + h2⎞⎠ - OE ⋅ dD_OE ＝ 0

-Ay ⋅ 6 m + P1 ⋅ 2 m + LM ⋅ ⎛⎝h1 + h2⎞⎠
dD_OE ≔ dB_CN OE ≔ ―――――――――――
dD_OE
OE = 25.613 kN

∑ MO ＝ 0 CM ⋅ ((2)) + LM ⋅ h2 - MN ⋅ dO_NM ＝ 0
NM ⋅ dO_NM - LM ⋅ h2
dO_NM ≔ 3.64147 m CM ≔ ―――――――
2m
dC_OM ≔ dC_MN CM = 13.302 kN

∑ MC ＝ 0 OM ⋅ dC_OM - LM ⋅ ⎛⎝h1 + h2⎞⎠ + MN ⋅ dC_MN ＝ 0

LM ⋅ ⎛⎝h1 + h2⎞⎠ - NM ⋅ dC_MN
OM ≔ ―――――――――
dC_OM
OM = 25.993 kN

∑ MO ＝ 0 -Ay ⋅ ((6)) + P1 ⋅ ((2)) + LM ⋅ h2 + CD ⋅ h1 ＝ 0

Ay ⋅ 6 m - P1 ⋅ 2 m - LM ⋅ h2
CD ≔ ―――――――――
h1
CD = 16.546 kN

∑ MM ＝ 0 -Ay ⋅ ((4)) + ⎛⎝h1 + h2⎞⎠ ⋅ ((CD)) + CO ⋅ dM_CO ＝ 0

Ay ⋅ 4 m - ⎛⎝h1 + h2⎞⎠ ⋅ ((CD))
dM_CO ≔ dM_CN CO ≔ ――――――――
dM_CO
CO = 0.596 kN

∑ MJ ＝ 0 Iy ⋅ ((2)) - HI ⋅ h1 ＝ 0
 ∑ MJ ＝ 0 Iy ⋅ ((2)) - HI ⋅ h1 ＝ 0
Iy ⋅ 2 m
HI ≔ ―――
h1
HI = 25.417 kN

∑ MH ＝ 0 Iy ⋅ ((2)) - IJ ⋅ dH_IJ ＝ 0 dH_IJ ≔ dB_NA

Iy ⋅ 2 m
IJ ≔ ―――
dH_IJ
IJ = 59.118 kN

∑ MJ ＝ 0 Iy ⋅ ((2)) - GH ⋅ h1 ＝ 0
Iy ⋅ 2 m
GH ≔ ―――
h1
GH = 25.417 kN

∑ MG ＝ 0 Iy ⋅ ((4)) - JK ⋅ dG_JK ＝ 0 dG_JK ≔ dC_MN

Iy ⋅ 4 m
JK ≔ ―――
dG_JK
JK = 59.994 kN

∑ MK ＝ 0 Iy ⋅ ((4)) - ⎛⎝h1 + h2⎞⎠ ⋅ ((GH)) + GJ ⋅ dK_GJ ＝ 0 dK_GJ ≔ dM_CN

-Iy ⋅ 4 m + ⎛⎝h1 + h2⎞⎠ ⋅ ((GH))
GJ ≔ ―――――――――
dK_GJ
GJ = 1.375 kN

∑ ME ＝ 0 Iy ⋅ ((8)) - P3 ⋅ ((2)) - P4 ⋅ ((4)) + KL ⋅ ⎛⎝h1 + h2⎞⎠ ＝ 0

Iy ⋅ 8 m - P3 ⋅ 2 m - P4 ⋅ 4 m
KL ≔ ―――――――――
h1 + h2
KL = 27.558 kN

∑ MP ＝ 0 Iy ⋅ ((6)) - P4 ⋅ ((2)) - KL ⋅ ⎛⎝h2⎞⎠ - EF ⋅ h1 ＝ 0

Iy ⋅ 6 m - P4 ⋅ 2 m - KL ⋅ h2
EF ≔ ―――――――――
h1
EF = 29.284 kN

∑ MF ＝ 0 Iy ⋅ ((6)) - P4 ⋅ ((2)) - KL ⋅ ⎛⎝h1 + h2⎞⎠ - EP ⋅ dF_EP ＝ 0

Iy ⋅ 6 m - P4 ⋅ 2 m - KL ⋅ ⎛⎝h1 + h2⎞⎠
dF_EP ≔ dD_OE EP ≔ ―――――――――――
dF_EP
EP = 4.015 kN

∑ MP ＝ 0 Iy ⋅ ((6)) - P4 ⋅ ((2)) - KL ⋅ h2 - FG ⋅ h1 ＝ 0
 ∑ MP ＝ 0 Iy ⋅ ((6)) - P4 ⋅ ((2)) - KL ⋅ h2 - FG ⋅ h1 ＝ 0
Iy ⋅ 6 m - P4 ⋅ 2 m - KL ⋅ h2
FG ≔ ―――――――――
h1
FG = 29.284 kN

∑ MK ＝ 0 Iy ⋅ 4 m - ⎛⎝h1 + h2⎞⎠ ⋅ ((FG)) + GP ⋅ dK_GP ＝ 0

-Iy ⋅ 4 m + ⎛⎝h1 + h2⎞⎠ ⋅ ((FG))
dK_GP ≔ dM_CO GP ≔ ―――――――――
dK_GP
GP = 10.371 kN

∑ MG ＝ 0 Iy ⋅ 4 m - KL ⋅ ⎛⎝h1 + h2⎞⎠ + PK ⋅ dG_PK ＝ 0

-Iy ⋅ 4 m + KL ⋅ ⎛⎝h1 + h2⎞⎠
dG_PK ≔ dC_OM PK ≔ ――――――――
dG_PK
PK = 6.604 kN

∑ MJ ＝ 0

Iy ⋅ 2 m - FG ⋅ h1 + GP ⋅ dJ_GP + P4 ⋅ 2 m - GK ⋅ 2 m ＝ 0

dJ_GP ≔ 3.61144 m
Iy ⋅ 2 m - FG ⋅ h1 + GP ⋅ dJ_GP + P4 ⋅ 2 m
GK ≔ ――――――――――――
2m

GK = 48.605 kN

∑ ME ＝ 0

-P3 ⋅ 2 m + FP ⋅ 2 m ＝ 0
P3 ⋅ 2 m
FP ≔ ―――
2m
FP = 19 kN

TABLA DE RESULTADOS
 TABLA DE RESULTADOS

AB = 17.202 kN KL = 27.558 kN HJ = 0 kN
BC = 17.202 kN LM = 27.558 kN CN = 0.931 kN
CD = 16.546 kN NM = 40.605 kN CO = 0.596 kN
DE = 16.546 kN NA = 40.012 kN OE = 25.613 kN
EF = 29.284 kN BN = 0 kN EP = 4.015 kN
FG = 29.284 kN CM = 13.302 kN GP = 10.371 kN
GH = 25.417 kN DO = 0 kN GJ = 1.375 kN
HI = 25.417 kN EL = 0 kN OM = 25.993 kN
IJ = 59.118 kN FP = 19 kN PK = 6.604 kN
JK = 59.994 kN GK = 48.605 kN

Elementos a tensión
Elementos a compresión
Elementos de fuerza cero