Integrales Dobles 3.3
Integrales Dobles 3.3
Integrales Dobles 3.3
𝑠ó𝑙𝑖𝑑𝑜 𝑆 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑒𝑠𝑡á 𝑑𝑒𝑏𝑎𝑗𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑠𝑢𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒 𝑧 = 𝑓 𝑥, 𝑦 , y que tiene como base al conjunto D, es
ඵ 𝑓 𝑥, 𝑦 𝑑𝐴 = 𝑉 𝑆
D
𝑦=2 𝑥
R=D
𝑦= 𝑥
0 4
X
Por lo que 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 4, 𝑥≤𝑦≤2 𝑥
4 2 𝑥
Luego, 𝐴 𝑅 = 𝐴 𝐷 = 0 𝑦𝑑 𝑥 . 𝑑𝑥
4
= න 2 𝑥 − 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
0
2
16 2
=න 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑢
0 3
16 2
Por lo tanto: ඵ dA = u
3
D
Ejemplo 2. Encontrar el área de la región en el primer cuadrante del plano XY, limitada por las líneas
𝑥 2 + 2𝑦 2 = 1; 𝑥 2 +2𝑦 2 = 4; 𝑦 = 2𝑥; 𝑦 = 5𝑥
Solución
𝑆𝑖 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝐷, 𝑠𝑒 𝑜𝑏𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑓𝑖𝑔𝑢𝑟𝑎 𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑎 𝑦 𝑣𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎 ℎ𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑙𝑎 𝑣𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑑𝑒 𝑥 𝑒 𝑦 𝑒𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑑𝑜
Y v
5
R = D*
D
2
0 X ↔ 0 1 4
u
2
𝑦 2
𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝑙𝑜 𝑐𝑢𝑎𝑙, ℎ𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑐𝑎𝑚𝑏𝑖𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑣𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒, 𝑑𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑒: 𝑢 = 𝑥 + 2𝑦 ; 𝑦 𝑣 =
𝑥
Es𝑡𝑜 𝑠𝑖𝑔𝑛𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑎 𝑞𝑢𝑒: 1 ≤ 𝑢 ≤ 4; 2≤𝑣≤5
1 1 1
𝐶𝑎𝑙𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑜 𝑒𝑙 𝐽𝑎𝑐𝑜𝑏𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑜 𝐽 𝑢, 𝑣 = = =
𝐽(𝑥, 𝑦) 2𝑥 4𝑦 𝑦2
2+4 2
−𝑦 1 𝑥
𝑥2 𝑥
1
𝑃𝑜𝑟𝑙𝑜 𝑞𝑢𝑒: 𝐽 𝑢, 𝑣 =
2 + 4𝑣 2
5 4 5
𝑑𝑢𝑑𝑣 3𝑑𝑣
𝑃𝑜𝑟 𝑙𝑜 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑜: 𝐴(𝐷 ∗) = ඵ 𝐽(𝑢, 𝑣) 𝑑𝑢𝑑𝑣 = න න 2
=න 2
2 1 2 + 4𝑣 2 2 + 4𝑣
3
A(D∗) = (𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑔5 2 −artg2 2)𝑢2
2√2
Ejemplo 3. 𝐻𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑒𝑙 á𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑟𝑒𝑔𝑖ó𝑛 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑡𝑎𝑑𝑎 𝑝𝑜𝑟 𝑙𝑎 𝑙í𝑛𝑒𝑎: (𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 )2 = 2a𝑥 3
Solución
𝐸𝑛 𝑐𝑜𝑜𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑎𝑑𝑎𝑠 𝑝𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑠, 𝑥 = 𝑟𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃; 𝑦 = 𝑟𝑠𝑒𝑛𝜃
𝐸𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑠: 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 𝑟 2 𝑦 𝑒𝑙 𝐽 𝑟, 𝜃 = 𝑟
𝐿𝑢𝑒𝑔𝑜; (𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 )2 = 2𝑎𝑥 3 , 𝑠𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑣𝑖𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑒 𝑒𝑛
𝑟 = 2𝑎𝑐𝑜𝑠 3 𝜃
R
0
2𝑎 X
𝑝𝑜𝑟 𝑙𝑜 𝑞𝑢𝑒 ඵ 𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑦 = ඵ 𝐽(𝑟, 𝜃) 𝑑𝑟𝑑𝜃
D D*
𝜋
2𝑎𝑐𝑜𝑠3 𝜃
2
= 2න න 𝑟𝑑𝑟𝑑𝜃
0 0
𝜋 𝜋
2 2
21 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝜃 3
2
= 4𝑎 න 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃𝑑𝜃 6 = 4𝑎 න ( ) 𝑑𝜃
0 2
0
𝜋
2
𝑎 2
= න 1 + 3𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝜃 + 3𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 2𝜃 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 3 2𝜃 𝑑𝜃
2 0
𝑎2 𝜋 3𝜋 5𝜋 2 2
ඵ 𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑦 = ( + ) = 𝑎 𝑢
2 2 4 8
D
Ejemplo 4. Hallar el área limitada por la línea (𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 )3 = 𝑥 4 + 𝑦 4
Solución
2𝜋 𝑐𝑜𝑠4 𝜃+𝑠𝑒𝑛4 𝜃
1 2𝜋
𝑃𝑜𝑟 𝑙𝑜 𝑞𝑢𝑒: 𝐴 𝑅 =න න 𝑟𝑑𝑟𝑑𝜃 = න 𝑐𝑜𝑠 4 𝜃 + 𝑠𝑒𝑛4 𝜃𝑑𝜃
0 0 2 0
1 2𝜋 3𝜋 2
= න 3 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠4𝜃 𝑑𝜃 = 𝑢
8 0 4
2𝜋 𝑐𝑜𝑠4 𝜃+𝑠𝑒𝑛4 𝜃
3𝜋 2
𝐿𝑢𝑒𝑔𝑜: 𝐴 𝐷 = 𝐴 𝑅 = න න 𝑟𝑑𝑟𝑑𝜃 = 𝑢
0 0 4
𝑥2 𝑦2
Ejemplo 5. 𝐶𝑎𝑙𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑒𝑙 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒𝑛 𝑑𝑒𝑙 𝑠ó𝑙𝑖𝑑𝑜 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑡𝑎𝑑𝑜 𝑝𝑜𝑟 𝑒𝑙 𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑜 𝑋𝑌, 𝑒𝑙 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑏𝑜𝑙𝑜𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑧 = 2 + 2
𝑎 𝑏
2 2
𝑥 𝑦 2𝑥
𝑦 𝑒𝑙 𝑐𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑟𝑜 2 + 2 =
𝑎 𝑏 𝑎
Solución
𝜋 𝜋
2𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃
2 𝑎𝑏 2
𝐸𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑠 2 න (න 3
𝑎𝑏𝑟 𝑑𝑟)𝑑𝜃 = න 𝑟 4 /2𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃
0 𝑑𝜃
0 0 2 0
𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
𝑎𝑏 4
2 1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝜃 2 2 2
= න 16𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃𝑑𝜃 = 8𝑎𝑏 න ( ) 𝑑𝜃 = 2𝑎𝑏 න (1 + 2𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝜃 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 2𝜃)𝑑𝜃
2 0 0 2 0
𝜋
2 3 𝑐𝑜𝑠4𝜃 3𝜃 𝑠𝑒4𝜃 𝜋2 3𝑎𝑏𝜋 3
= 2𝑎𝑏 න + 2𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝜃 + 𝑑𝜃 = 2𝑎𝑏 + 𝑠𝑒𝑛2𝜃 + /0 = 𝑢
0 2 2 2 8 2
Ejemplo 6. 𝐻𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑒𝑙 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒𝑛 𝑑𝑒𝑙 𝑠ó𝑙𝑖𝑑𝑜 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑒𝑠𝑡á 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑡𝑎𝑑𝑜 𝑠𝑢𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒 𝑝𝑜𝑟 𝑒𝑙 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑜 𝑧 =
𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 ; 𝑦 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑒𝑠𝑡á 𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑜 𝑑𝑒𝑙 𝑐𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑟𝑜 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 1 𝑦 𝑠𝑜𝑏𝑟𝑒 𝑒𝑙 𝑒𝑗𝑒 𝑋.
Solución
Z Y
𝑥 2 + 𝑦2 = 1
𝑧= r
𝑟=1
D*
0 X
↔
Y
X
𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑜 𝑒𝑠 𝑓 𝑥, 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 → 𝑓 𝑟, 𝜃 = 𝑟
𝑦 𝑒𝑙 𝑐í𝑟𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑜 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 1; 𝑒𝑠 𝑟 = 1
𝑎𝑑𝑒𝑚á𝑠 0 ≤ 𝜃 ≤ 𝜋, 0≤𝑟≤1
𝜋 1
𝑝𝑜𝑟 𝑙𝑜 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑜 𝑉 𝑆 = ඵ 𝑟. 𝑟𝑑𝑟𝑑𝜃 = න න 𝑟 2 𝑑𝑟𝑑𝜃
0 0
D*
𝜋 3
𝑟 1 𝜋 2
=න /0 𝑑𝜃 = 𝑢
0 3 3
π 2
V S = ඵ 𝑟 2 drdθ = u
3
D*
Ejercicios N° 04
1. 𝐻𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑒𝑙 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒𝑛 𝑑𝑒𝑙 𝑠ó𝑙𝑖𝑑𝑜 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑡𝑎𝑑𝑜 𝑝𝑜𝑟 𝑒𝑙 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑜 𝑧 2 = 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 , 𝑦 𝑒𝑙 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑏𝑜𝑙𝑜𝑖𝑑𝑒 3𝑧 = 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 𝑅𝑝𝑡𝑎: 162𝜋 𝑢3
2 2 2 2 3𝜋 3
2. 𝐸𝑛𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑟 𝑒𝑙 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒𝑛 𝑑𝑒𝑙 𝑠ó𝑙𝑖𝑑𝑜 𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑑𝑜 𝑠𝑜𝑏𝑟𝑒 𝑒𝑙 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑐𝑜 𝑥 + (𝑦 + 1) ≤ 1, 𝑦 𝑏𝑎𝑗𝑜 𝑧 = 𝑥 + 𝑦 𝑅𝑝𝑡𝑎: 𝑢
2
3. 𝐻𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑒𝑙 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒𝑛 𝑑𝑒𝑙 𝑠ó𝑙𝑖𝑑𝑜 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑑𝑜 𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑒 𝑒𝑙 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑜 2 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 𝑧 2 = 0𝑦 𝑒𝑙 ℎ𝑖𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑏𝑜𝑙𝑜𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 𝑧 2 = −𝑎
4𝑎3 𝜋
𝑅𝑝𝑡𝑎. 2 − 1 𝑢3
3
2 2 2 2 2 2 𝜋𝑎3 3
4. Hallar el volumen del sólido limitado por 2az = x + y ; x + y − z = a ; z = 0 ; 𝑅𝑝𝑡𝑎. 𝑢
3
2
Rpta: (2 2 − 1)u3
3
𝑥2 𝑦2 𝑏
6. 𝐻𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑒𝑙 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒𝑛 𝑑𝑒𝑙 𝑠ó𝑙𝑖𝑑𝑜 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑡𝑎𝑑𝑜 𝑝𝑜𝑟 𝑒𝑙 𝑐𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑟𝑜 + 𝑐2 = 1; 𝑦 𝑙𝑜𝑠 𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑜𝑠 𝑦 = 𝑎 𝑥; 𝑦 = 0; 𝑧 = 0; 𝑥 > 0
𝑎2
𝑎𝑏𝑐 3
𝑅𝑝𝑡𝑎: 𝑢
3
7. 𝐻𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑒𝑙 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒𝑛 𝑑𝑒𝑙 𝑠ó𝑙𝑖𝑑𝑜 𝑒𝑛 𝑒𝑙 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑜𝑟 𝑑𝑒𝑙 𝑐𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑟𝑜 𝑎2 = 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 , 𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑒 𝑧 = 0 𝑦 𝑎2 𝑧 = ℎ(𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 )
𝜋𝑎2 ℎ 3
𝑅𝑝𝑡𝑎: 𝑢
2
8. 𝐸𝑛𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑟 𝑒𝑙 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒𝑛 𝑑𝑒𝑙 𝑠ó𝑙𝑖𝑑𝑜 𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑑𝑜 𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑒𝑠𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑎 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2 = 4𝑎2 𝑦 𝑐𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑟𝑜 𝑥 2 + (𝑦 − 𝑎)2 = 𝑎2
16𝑎3
𝑅𝑝𝑡𝑎: (3𝜋 − 4)𝑢3
9
9. 𝐻𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑒𝑙 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒𝑛 𝑑𝑒𝑙 𝑠ó𝑙𝑖𝑑𝑜 𝑒𝑛 𝑒𝑙 𝑝𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑒 𝑎𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑑𝑜 𝑝𝑜𝑟 𝑒𝑙 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑜 𝑎2 𝑦 2 = ℎ2 𝑥 2 + 𝑧 2 𝑦 𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑒 𝑦 = 0, 𝑦 = ℎ
𝑎2 ℎ𝜋 3
𝑅𝑝𝑡𝑎. 𝑢
12
10. 𝐸𝑛𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑟 𝑒𝑙 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒𝑛 𝑑𝑒𝑙 𝑠ó𝑙𝑖𝑑𝑜 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑡𝑎𝑑𝑜 𝑝𝑜𝑟 𝑒𝑙 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑏𝑜𝑙𝑜𝑖𝑑𝑒 2𝑥 2 + 4𝑦 2 = 4 − 𝑧 𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒 𝑝𝑜𝑟 2𝑥 2 + 4𝑦
= 4 + 4𝑧
5𝜋 3
Rpta: u
2
11. 𝐻𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑒𝑙 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒𝑛 𝑑𝑒𝑙 𝑠ó𝑙𝑖𝑑𝑜 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑡𝑎𝑑𝑜 𝑝𝑜𝑟 𝑧 = 1 − 𝑥 2 − 4𝑦 2 𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒 𝑝𝑜𝑟 𝑙𝑎 𝑔𝑟á𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑎 𝑥 2 + 4𝑦 2 − 4𝑧 = 1
5𝜋 3
Rpta: u
16
12. 𝐻𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑒𝑙 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒𝑛 𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑟𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑜 𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑒 𝑙𝑎𝑠 𝑠𝑢𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑠 𝑥 2 + 3𝑦 2 − 𝑧 = 0; 4 − 𝑦 2 = 𝑧 𝑅𝑝𝑡𝑎: 4𝜋 𝑢3