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o Sulphides 1
o Sulphides 2
El principal objetivo del Chancado es disminuir el tamaño de los fragmentos de roca mineralizada a
un diámetro de ½ pulgada, que equivale a 1,27 centímetros más o menos. Este procedimiento es
necesario para que el material pueda ser tratado en las siguientes etapas del proceso productivo.
Para lograrlo, los famosos “chancadores”, que son equipos eléctricos de grandes dimensiones, van
literalmente “demoliendo” las rocas hasta lograr el tamaño deseado. Pero claro, no es llegar,
aplastar y alcanzar la medida precisa. Para conseguir la 1/2 pulgada, el material extraído pasa por
tres niveles de chancado.
The main objective (objactiv) of the Crushing is to decrease the size of the fragments of
mineralized (minerals ruack) rock to a diameter (dayamirers) of. inch, which is equivalent
(equevelent) to 1.27( one point twenty seven) centimeters (cenemirest) more or less. This
procedure (presiyers) is necessary (necesers) so that the material can be treated (truided) in the
next stages of the production process (proceses). To achieve (achis) this, the famous "crushers",
which are large electrical equipment, literally "demolish" the rocks until they reach the desired
(disairs) size. But of course, it is not to reach (ruich), crush and reach (ruich) the precise
measurement. (presais mechement )To get the ½ (Half an) inch, the extracted (extractid) material
passes through )druz )three levels of crushing.
The copper concentrate that comes from Flotation is stored in special areas, from where a sample
of the material is extracted and taken to laboratory analysis, because in addition to copper, it
contains several other minerals. The objective of this first phase is therefore to determine the
amount of copper, iron, sulfur and silica, in addition to the percentage of moisture present in the
material. This information is essential to start the second step of this stage.
2. Fusión / Fusion
In this phase the material is taken to smelting furnaces and exposed to 1200 ºC passing to a liquid
state. The furnaces generally used in this process are the Reverbero Furnace and the Modified
Teniente Converter (CMT). When the concentrate melts, it passes to a liquid state in which the
component elements are naturally separated according to their weight. In this way, the lighter
minerals stay on top of the melt, while the copper, which is heavier, goes to the bottom of it.
ELECTROOBTENCIÓN / ELECTROWINNING:
Tal como su nombre lo indica, esta etapa final del cobre oxidado tiene por objetivo obtener
cátodos de cobre de 99,99% de pureza mediante el uso de energía eléctrica.También conocida
como electrodepositación, y es uno de los procedimientos actuales más sencillos para recuperar el
cobre contenido en soluciones líquidas.
As the name suggests, this final stage of oxidized copper aims to obtain 99.99% pure copper
cathodes by using electrical energy. Also known as electrodeposition, it is one of the simplest
current procedures to recover copper contained in liquid solutions.
In this process the electrolytic solution from the leaching and containing the copper sulphate, is
transferred to the so-called electrolytic or electrowinning cells, in which anodes (+) are arranged
inside where the electric current and the cathodes enter (-) where the electric current comes out.
Then, in the cells, a very low-intensity electric current is circulated between the anode and the
cathode. by electrolysis, the copper ions (Cations) present in the copper sulphate solution are
attracted by the negative charge of the cathode and deposited in it.
Tras siete días de este ciclo en el que el cobre se traslada a los cátodos por efecto de la
electricidad, comienza la tan esperada cosecha, en la que se obtienen cátodos de metal rojo de
99,99% de pureza.
After seven days of this cycle in which copper is transferred to cathodes by electricity, the long-
awaited harvest begins, in which red metal cathodes of 99.99% purity are obtained.
El proceso productivo de los óxidos es bastante más sencillo y rápido que el del cobre sulfurado, el
cual debe pasar por varias etapas más. Sin embargo, ambos procedimientos tienen el mismo final:
cátodos de alta pureza que son altamente cotizados en el mercado internacional.
The production process of oxides is much simpler and faster than that of sulphur copper, which
must go through several more stages. However, both procedures have the same end: high purity
cathodes that are highly quoted in the international market.
Las diferentes etapas de este proceso tienen por finalidad separar el cobre de otras sustancias
para lograr cátodos de alta pureza con este mineral. Como resultados complementarios a la
producción de cobre, durante el proceso también se obtienen productos y subproductos como el
molibdeno, el ácido sulfúrico, oro y plata.
The different stages of this process aim to separate copper from other substances to achieve high
purity cathodes with this mineral. As complementary results to copper production, products and
by-products such as molybdenum, sulphuric acid, gold and silver are also obtained during the
process.