Ejercicios Transferencia de Calor
Ejercicios Transferencia de Calor
Ejercicios Transferencia de Calor
3.113 Consider the flat plate of Problem 3.112, but with the
heat sinks at different temperatures, 𝑇(0) = 𝑇0 and 𝑇(𝐿) = 𝑇𝐿 ,
and with the bottom surface no longer insulated. Convection
heat transfer is now allowed to occur between this surface and
a fluid at 𝑇∞ , with a convection coefficient h.
a. Derive the differential equation that determines the steady-state temperature distribution
T(x) in the plate.
b. Solve the foregoing equation for the temperature distribution and obtain an expression
for the rate of heat transfer from the plate to the heat sinks.
𝑊 𝑊 𝑊
c. For 𝑞0′′ = 20,000 , 𝑇0 = 100 °𝐶, 𝑇𝐿 = 35°𝐶, 𝑇∞ = 25°𝐶, 𝑘 = 25 , ℎ = 50 ,
𝑚2 𝑚𝐾 𝑚2 𝐾
𝐿 = 100 𝑚𝑚, 𝑡 = 5 𝑚𝑚, and a plate width of 𝑊 = 30 𝑚𝑚, plot the temperature
distribution and determine the sink heat rates, 𝑞𝑥 (0) and 𝑞𝑥 (𝐿). On the same graph, plot
three additional temperature distributions corresponding to changes in the following
parameters, with the remaining parameters unchanged:
𝑊
i. 𝑞0′′ = 30,000
𝑚2
𝑊
ii. ℎ = 200
𝑚2 𝐾
𝑊
iii. the value of 𝑞0′′ for which 𝑞𝑥 (0) = 0 when ℎ = 200
𝑚2 𝐾
Solución:
a)
Aplicando la conservación de energía al diferencial de
volumen de control se tiene
𝑑2𝑇 ℎ 𝑞0′′
− (𝑇 )
− 𝑇∞ + =0
𝑑𝑥 2 𝑘𝑡 𝑘𝑡
b)
𝑑2𝜃 ℎ 𝑞0′′
− 𝜃 + =0
𝑑𝑥 2 𝑘𝑡 𝑘𝑡
Definiendo que 𝜆2 ≡ ℎ/𝑘𝑡 y 𝑆 ≡ 𝑞0′′ /𝑘𝑡, se puede reescribir la ecuación como:
𝑑2𝜃
− 𝜆2 𝜃 + 𝑆 = 0
𝑑𝑥 2
De esta manera, la solución para esta ecuación debe tener la forma
𝑆
𝜃 = 𝐶1 𝑒 𝜆𝑥 + 𝐶2 𝑒 −𝜆𝑥 +
𝜆2
Si las condiciones de frontera adecuadas para este caso son:
𝜃(0) = 𝑇0 − 𝑇∞ = 𝜃0
𝜃(𝐿) = 𝑇𝐿 − 𝑇∞ = 𝜃𝐿
Reemplazando estas condiciones en la solución general se tiene:
𝑆 𝑆
𝜃0 = 𝐶1 𝑒 0 + 𝐶2 𝑒 0 + 2 = 𝐶1 + 𝐶2 + 2
𝜆 𝜆
𝑆
𝜃𝐿 = 𝐶1 𝑒 𝜆𝐿 + 𝐶2 𝑒 −𝜆𝐿 +
𝜆2
Para resolver 𝐶2 , se puede multiplicar 𝜃0 por −𝑒 𝜆𝐿 y sumarle 𝜃𝐿 , así:
𝑆 𝜆𝐿 𝑆
−𝜃0 𝑒 𝜆𝐿 + 𝜃𝐿 = −𝐶1 𝑒 𝜆𝐿 − 𝐶2 𝑒 𝜆𝐿 − 2 𝑒 + 𝐶1 𝑒 𝜆𝐿 + 𝐶2 𝑒 −𝜆𝐿 + 2
𝜆 𝜆
𝑆
−𝜃0 𝑒 𝜆𝐿 + 𝜃𝐿 = 𝐶2 (−𝑒 𝜆𝐿 + 𝑒 −𝜆𝐿 ) + (−𝑒 𝜆𝐿 + 1)
𝜆2
𝑆
[(𝜃𝐿 − 𝜃0 𝑒 𝜆𝐿 ) − (−𝑒 𝜆𝐿 + 1)]
𝐶2 = 𝜆2
(−𝑒 𝜆𝐿 + 𝑒 −𝜆𝐿 )
Ahora, se substituye 𝐶2 en la ecuación de 𝜃0 , y se obtiene:
𝑆
[(𝜃𝐿 − 𝜃0 𝑒 𝜆𝐿 ) − (−𝑒 𝜆𝐿 + 1)] 𝑆
𝜃0 = 𝐶1 + 𝜆2 + 2
(−𝑒 𝜆𝐿 + 𝑒 −𝜆𝐿 ) 𝜆
𝑆
[(𝜃𝐿 − 𝜃0 𝑒 𝜆𝐿 ) − (−𝑒 𝜆𝐿 + 1)] 𝑆
𝐶1 = 𝜃0 − 𝜆2 − 2
(−𝑒 𝜆𝐿 + 𝑒 −𝜆𝐿 ) 𝜆
Entonces, se reemplazar estas constantes en la solución de la ecuación:
𝑆
[(𝜃𝐿 − 𝜃0 𝑒 𝜆𝐿 ) − (−𝑒 𝜆𝐿 + 1)] 𝑆
𝜃 = {𝜃0 − 𝜆2 − 2 } 𝑒 𝜆𝑥
(−𝑒 𝜆𝐿 + 𝑒 −𝜆𝐿 ) 𝜆
𝑆
[(𝜃𝐿 − 𝜃0 𝑒 𝜆𝐿 ) − (−𝑒 𝜆𝐿 + 1)] 𝑆
+{ 𝜆2 } 𝑒 −𝜆𝑥 + 2
𝜆𝐿 −𝜆𝐿
(−𝑒 + 𝑒 ) 𝜆
𝑑𝜃 𝑒 𝜆𝐿 𝜆 1 − 𝑒 𝜆𝐿 𝑆
𝑞𝑥 (0) = −𝑘𝐴𝑐 | = −𝑘𝐴𝑐 {[𝜆𝑒 0 − 𝜆] 𝜃0 + 𝜃𝐿 + [−𝜆 − 𝜆] 2 }
𝑑𝑥 𝑥=0 sinh 𝜆𝐿 sinh 𝜆𝐿 sinh 𝜆𝐿 𝜆
𝑑𝜃
𝑞𝑥 (𝐿) = −𝑘𝐴𝑐 |
𝑑𝑥 𝑥=𝐿
𝑒 𝜆𝐿 𝜆 cosh 𝜆𝐿
= −𝑘𝐴𝑐 {[𝜆𝑒 𝜆𝐿 − 𝜆 cosh 𝜆𝐿] 𝜃0 + 𝜃
sinh 𝜆𝐿 sinh 𝜆𝐿 𝐿
1 − 𝑒 𝜆𝐿 𝑆
+ [−𝜆𝑒 𝜆𝐿 − 𝜆 cosh 𝜆𝐿] 2 }
sinh 𝜆𝐿 𝜆
Solución:
A.
Aplicando la conservación de energía se tiene:
𝑃𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑐 − 𝑃𝑚𝑒𝑐ℎ − 𝑞ℎ − 𝑞𝑝 − 𝑞𝑠 = 0
𝑞ℎ = ℎℎ 𝐴ℎ (𝑇ℎ − 𝑇∞ )
(𝑇ℎ − 𝑇∞ )
𝑞𝑝 = 𝑘𝑝 𝑊 2
𝑡
𝜃𝐿
cosh 𝑚𝐿 −
𝜃𝑏
𝑞𝑠 = 𝑀
sinh 𝑚𝐿
Este último término se obtiene de:
4ℎ𝑠 𝐿2 𝜋2
𝜃𝐿 = 0, 𝑚𝐿 = √ , 𝑀 = √ 𝐷 3 ℎ𝑠 𝑘𝑠 (𝑇ℎ − 𝑇∞ )
𝑘𝑠 𝐷 4
𝜋2 cosh 𝑚𝐿
𝑞𝑠 = √ 𝐷 3 ℎ𝑠 𝑘𝑠 (𝑇ℎ − 𝑇∞ )
4 sinh 𝑚𝐿
𝜋2
(√ 𝐷 3 ℎ𝑠 𝑘𝑠 (𝑇ℎ − 𝑇∞ ))
4
𝑞𝑠 =
4ℎ 𝐿2
tanh √ 𝑠
𝑘𝑠 𝐷
B.
Para los valores indicados por el problema, reemplazando en la ecuación obtenida, se tiene:
(𝑃𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑐 − 𝑃𝑚𝑒𝑐ℎ )
𝑇ℎ = 𝑇∞ +
𝜋2 3
𝑘𝑝 𝑊 2 √ 4 𝐷 ℎ𝑠 𝑘𝑠
ℎ ℎ 𝐴ℎ + +
𝑡 4ℎ 𝐿2
tanh √ 𝑠
[ 𝑘𝑠 𝐷 ]
(25 − 15) × 103
𝑇ℎ = 25 +
2
√𝜋 (0,05)3 × 300 × 400
0,5(0,7)2 4
10 × 2 + +
0,05
4 × 300 × (0,5)2
tanh √
400 × (0,05)
[ ]
(25 − 15) × 103
𝑇ℎ = 25 +
6,084
[20 + 4,9 + ]
tanh(3,87)
(25 − 15) × 103
𝑇ℎ = 25 +
6,084
[20 + 4,9 + ]
0,999
𝑇ℎ = 347,684 °𝐶
3.126 Turbine blades mounted to a rotating disc in a
gas turbine engine are exposed to a gas stream that is at
𝑇 = 1200 °𝐶 and maintains a convection coefficient of
ℎ = 250 𝑊/𝑚2 𝐾 over the blade. The blades, which are
fabricated from Inconel, 𝑘 = 20 𝑊/𝑚𝐾, have a length
of 𝐿 = 50 𝑚𝑚. The blade profile has a uniform
cross-sectional area of 𝐴𝑐 = 6 × 10−4 𝑚2 and a
perimeter of 𝑃 = 110 𝑚𝑚. A proposed blade-cooling
scheme, which involves routing air through the
supporting disc, is able to maintain the base of each
blade at a temperature of 𝑇𝑏 = 300°𝐶.
a. If the maximum allowable blade temperature is 1050°C and the blade tip may be assumed
to be adiabatic, is the proposed cooling scheme satisfactory?
b. For the proposed cooling scheme, what is the rate at which heat is transferred from each
blade to the coolant?
Solución:
a. Conociendo que la temperatura máxima existe cuando 𝑥 = 𝐿, entonces:
𝑇(𝐿) − 𝑇∞ 1
=
𝑇𝑏 − 𝑇∞ cosh 𝑚𝐿
De donde:
ℎ𝑃 250 × 0,11
𝑚=√ =√ = 47,87 𝑚−1
𝑘𝐴𝑐 20 × 6 × 10−4
b. Conociendo que:
ℎ𝑃 250 × 0,11
𝑀=√ Θ𝑏 = √ (−900) = −517 𝑊
𝑘𝐴𝑐 20 × 6 × 10−4
Así,
𝑞𝑏 = 508 𝑊