SAMBA y WINBIND

Se utiliza para compartir recursos mediante el protocolo SMB.

Tambien nos permitirá pertenecer a una red windows.

#apt-get install samba smbclient

debian:~/backup# apt-get install samba smbclient
Leyendo lista de paquetes... Hecho
Creando árbol de dependencias... Hecho
Se instalarán los siguientes paquetes extras:
samba-common
Paquetes sugeridos:
smbfs
Paquetes recomendados
smbldap-tools
Se instalarán los siguientes paquetes NUEVOS:
samba samba-common smbclient
...

Tiene dos partes que las gestiona mediante lo demonios:

nmbd Gestiona los nombres de NETBIOS

smbd Gestiona los recursos de red y como accedor a estos

Para reiniciar el servicios de SAMBA hacemos:

# /etc/init.d/samba restart
Stopping Samba daemons: nmbd smbd.
Starting Samba daemons: nmbd smbd.

La configuración está en:

/etc/samba/smb.conf

Para que un usuario de windows pueda entrar en samba ese usuario debe existir en la maquina linux
tambien (no hace falta que el password coincida o exista).

Puedo crearlo sin shell ni password

#useradd -m -d /home/userwin -s /bin/false userwin

Luego lo puedo añadir a samba y ponemos la contraseña.

#smbpasswd -a userwin

Para que el samba mire los usuario de un dominio windows utilizaremos winbind
apt-get install winbind

Para comprobar si esta escuchando mirar si escucha en los puertos 139 y 445

Tiene varias secciones

[global]

[homes]
Según el usuario que se conecte desde un máquina windows verá un recurso que se ofrece.

[printers]

Estudio del fichero de configuración

debian:/etc/samba# cat smb.conf

#
# Sample configuration file for the Samba suite for Debian GNU/Linux.
#
#
# This is the main Samba configuration file. You should read the
# smb.conf(5) manual page in order to understand the options listed
# here. Samba has a huge number of configurable options most of which
# are not shown in this example
#
# Any line which starts with a ; (semi-colon) or a # (hash)
# is a comment and is ignored. In this example we will use a #
# for commentary and a ; for parts of the config file that you
# may wish to enable
#
# NOTE: Whenever you modify this file you should run the command
# "testparm" to check that you have not made any basic syntactic
# errors.
#

#======================= Global Settings =======================

[global]

## Browsing/Identification ###

# Change this to the workgroup/NT-domain name your Samba server will part of
workgroup = CURSO
# Esto hay que añadirlo para que tenga nombre de NetBIOS
netbios name = SERVIDOR-9
# server string is the equivalent of the NT Description field
server string = %h server

# JAS Añadimos
username map = /etc/samba/smbusers

# Windows Internet Name Serving Support Section:

# WINS Support - Tells the NMBD component of Samba to enable its WINS Server
; wins support = no

# WINS Server - Tells the NMBD components of Samba to be a WINS Client

# Note: Samba can be either a WINS Server, or a WINS Client, but NOT both
; wins server = w.x.y.z

# This will prevent nmbd to search for NetBIOS names through DNS.
dns proxy = no

# What naming service and in what order should we use to resolve host names
# to IP addresses
; name resolve order = lmhosts host wins bcast

#### Networking ####

# The specific set of interfaces / networks to bind to
# This can be either the interface name or an IP address/netmask;
# interface names are normally preferred
# JAS Si tibieramos mas de una interface la definiriamos
; interfaces = 127.0.0.0/8 eth0

# Only bind to the named interfaces and/or networks; you must use the
# 'interfaces' option above to use this.
# It is recommended that you enable this feature if your Samba machine is
# not protected by a firewall or is a firewall itself. However, this
# option cannot handle dynamic or non-broadcast interfaces correctly.
; bind interfaces only = true

#### Debugging/Accounting ####

# This tells Samba to use a separate log file for each machine
# that connects
log file = /var/log/samba/log.%m

# Put a capping on the size of the log files (in Kb).

max log size = 1000

# If you want Samba to only log through syslog then set the following
# parameter to 'yes'.
; syslog only = no

# We want Samba to log a minimum amount of information to syslog. Everything

# should go to /var/log/samba/log.{smbd,nmbd} instead. If you want to log
# through syslog you should set the following parameter to something higher.
syslog = 0

# Do something sensible when Samba crashes: mail the admin a backtrace

panic action = /usr/share/samba/panic-action %d

####### Authentication #######

# JAS Hay cuatro tipos de seguridad de SAMBA.
;share: Le ponemos contraseña al recurso (como Win98) ya no se gasta
;user : Para cada recurso de la red pedirá autenticacion de usuario y contraseña
;server: La autencación será mediante un servidor determinado (KERBEROS o
Win2000)
;domain: Que pertenece a un dominio

# "security = user" is always a good idea. This will require a Unix account
# in this server for every user accessing the server. See
# /usr/share/doc/samba-doc/htmldocs/Samba3-HOWTO/ServerType.html
# in the samba-doc package for details.
# JAS Puede tener varios tipos USER/SHARE /SERVER /DOMAIN
# El tipo DOMAIN con wmind
security = user

# You may wish to use password encryption. See the section on

# 'encrypt passwords' in the smb.conf(5) manpage before enabling.
encrypt passwords = true

# If you are using encrypted passwords, Samba will need to know what
# password database type you are using.
# Tipo de base de datos
passdb backend = tdbsam

obey pam restrictions = yes

; guest account = nobody
# Si lo gastamos como PDC si que hay que comentar la line siguiente
invalid users = root

# This boolean parameter controls whether Samba attempts to sync the Unix
# password with the SMB password when the encrypted SMB password in the
# passdb is changed.
; unix password sync = no

# For Unix password sync to work on a Debian GNU/Linux system, the following
# parameters must be set (thanks to Ian Kahan <<[email protected]>
for
# sending the correct chat script for the passwd program in Debian Sarge).
passwd program = /usr/bin/passwd %u
passwd chat = *Enter\snew\sUNIX\spassword:* %n\n
*Retype\snew\sUNIX\spassword:* %n\n *password\supdated\ssuccessfully* .

# This boolean controls whether PAM will be used for password changes
# when requested by an SMB client instead of the program listed in
# 'passwd program'. The default is 'no'.
; pam password change = no

########## Domains ###########

# Is this machine able to authenticate users. Both PDC and BDC

# must have this setting enabled. If you are the BDC you must
# change the 'domain master' setting to no
#

# JAS Es para decir que este SAMBA se controlador de Dominio

; domain logons = yes
#
# The following setting only takes effect if 'domain logons' is set
# It specifies the location of the user's profile directory
# from the client point of view)
# The following required a [profiles] share to be setup on the
# samba server (see below)

# Donde guardaria los perfiles de los usuarios

; logon path = \\%N\profiles\%U
# Another common choice is storing the profile in the user's home directory
; logon path = \\%N\%U\profile

# The following setting only takes effect if 'domain logons' is set

# It specifies the location of a user's home directory (from the client
# point of view)
# JAS Donde podremos sus unidad de home
; logon drive = H:
; logon home = \\%N\%U

# The following setting only takes effect if 'domain logons' is set

# It specifies the script to run during logon. The script must be stored
# in the [netlogon] share
# NOTE: Must be store in 'DOS' file format convention
# JAS La estructura tipica es /home/samba/profiles
# /home/samba/netlogon
# JAS Los scripts de arranque

; logon script = logon.cmd

# This allows Unix users to be created on the domain controller via the SAMR
# RPC pipe. The example command creates a user account with a disabled Unix
# password; please adapt to your needs
; add user script = /usr/sbin/adduser --quiet --disabled-password --gecos "" %u

########## Printing ##########

#JAS Samba se integran con CUPs para eso descomentamos las lineas (*)
#
# If you want to automatically load your printer list rather
# than setting them up individually then you'll need this
#(*)
load printers = yes

# lpr(ng) printing. You may wish to override the location of the

# printcap file
; printing = bsd
; printcap name = /etc/printcap

# CUPS printing. See also the cupsaddsmb(8) manpage in the

# cupsys-client package.
#(*)
printing = cups
#(*)
printcap name = cups

# When using [print$], root is implicitly a 'printer admin', but you can
# also give this right to other users to add drivers and set printer
# properties
; printer admin = @ntadmin

############ Misc ############

# Using the following line enables you to customise your configuration

# on a per machine basis. The %m gets replaced with the netbios name
# of the machine that is connecting
; include = /home/samba/etc/smb.conf.%m

# Most people will find that this option gives better performance.
# See smb.conf(5) and /usr/share/doc/samba-doc/htmldocs/Samba3-HOWTO/speed.html
# for details
# You may want to add the following on a Linux system:
# SO_RCVBUF=8192 SO_SNDBUF=8192
socket options = TCP_NODELAY

# The following parameter is useful only if you have the linpopup package
# installed. The samba maintainer and the linpopup maintainer are
# working to ease installation and configuration of linpopup and samba.
; message command = /bin/sh -c '/usr/bin/linpopup "%f" "%m" %s; rm %s' &

# Domain Master specifies Samba to be the Domain Master Browser. If this

# machine will be configured as a BDC (a secondary logon server), you
# must set this to 'no'; otherwise, the default behavior is recommended.
# JAS Dirimamos que si, en caso que queremos que sea controlador de dominio
; domain master = auto

# Some defaults for winbind (make sure you're not using the ranges
# for something else.)
; idmap uid = 10000-20000
; idmap gid = 10000-20000
; template shell = /bin/bash
;
; The following was the default behaviour in sarge
; but samba upstream reverted the default because it might induce
; performance issues in large organizations
; See #368251 for some of the consequences of *not* having
; this setting and smb.conf(5) for all details
# JAS Tambien para tema de Domino
; winbind enum groups = yes
; winbind enum users = yes

#======================= Share Definitions =======================

# Aquí definimos los recursos a compartir, las secciones van de corcheres a

corchetes
[homes]
comment = Home Directories
browseable = no ; Que sea visible

# By default, the home directories are exported read-only. Change next

# parameter to 'yes' if you want to be able to write to them.
# JAS Para permitir o no escribir en el directorio
writable = no ; Para que pueda o no escribir en el recurso.

# File creation mask is set to 0700 for security reasons. If you want to
# create files with group=rw permissions, set next parameter to 0775.
# JAS Mascara de acceso a ficheros
create mask = 0700

# Directory creation mask is set to 0700 for security reasons. If you want to
# create dirs. with group=rw permissions, set next parameter to 0775.
# JAS Mascara para directorios
directory mask = 0700

# Restrict access to home directories

# to the one of the authenticated user
# This might need tweaking when using external authentication schemes
valid users = %S ; %S Es el usuario que inicia la sesion

# Un-comment the following and create the netlogon directory for Domain Logons
# (you need to configure Samba to act as a domain controller too.)
# Esto es para cuando SAMBA haga de PDC
;[netlogon] ; Defino el escrip
; comment = Network Logon Service
; path = /home/samba/netlogon
; guest ok = yes
; writable = no
; share modes = no

# Compartir un recurso concreto

[gestion]
path = /var/datos/gestion
# Si quiero dar permiso a un grupo de pongo una @ delante.
valid users = curso,curso10, @grupo
read only = No
create mask = 0700
directory mask = 0700
# available = No

# Un-comment the following and create the profiles directory to store

# users profiles (see the "logon path" option above)
# (you need to configure Samba to act as a domain controller too.)
# The path below should be writable by all users so that their
# profile directory may be created the first time they log on
# Los perfiles del usuario para cuando haga de PDC se pondrán aquí
;[profiles] ; Definimos el perfirles de los usuario.
; comment = Users profiles
; path = /home/samba/profiles
; guest ok = no
; browseable = no
; create mask = 0600
; directory mask = 0700

[printers]
# JAS . Aquí se ponen las impresoras importadas de CUPS
comment = All Printers
browseable = no
path = /var/spool/samba
printable = yes
public = no
writable = no
create mode = 0700

# Windows clients look for this share name as a source of downloadable

# printer drivers
# JAS aquí se meten los drivers.
[print$]
comment = Printer Drivers
path = /var/lib/samba/printers
# Es este path se ponen los drives de una forma especial
#/var/lib/samba/printers/W3K..
browseable = yes
read only = yes
guest ok = no
# Uncomment to allow remote administration of Windows print drivers.
# Replace 'ntadmin' with the name of the group your admin users are
# members of.
; write list = root, @ntadmin

# A sample share for sharing your CD-ROM with others.

;[cdrom]
; comment = Samba server's CD-ROM
; writable = no
; locking = no
; path = /cdrom
; public = yes

# The next two parameters show how to auto-mount a CD-ROM when the
# cdrom share is accesed. For this to work /etc/fstab must contain
# an entry like this:
#
# /dev/scd0 /cdrom iso9660 defaults,noauto,ro,user 0 0
#
# The CD-ROM gets unmounted automatically after the connection to the
#
# If you don't want to use auto-mounting/unmounting make sure the CD
# is mounted on /cdrom
#
; preexec = /bin/mount /cdrom
; postexec = /bin/umount /cdrom

PRÁCTICA DE SAMBA

Copiamos una imagen virtual de windows de prueba del servidor con scp:

# scp 192.168.2.3:/home/luis/Desktop/winxp.tar.gz /root/

The authenticity of host '192.168.2.3 (192.168.2.3)' can't be established.
RSA key fingerprint is d5:df:52:38:55:f6:87:4c:21:74:52:fa:31:b8:61:a4.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
Warning: Permanently added '192.168.2.3' (RSA) to the list of known hosts.
[email protected]'s password:
winxp.tar.gz 100% 668MB 1.7MB/s 06:44
...

Creamos un usuario en linux para acceder a los recursos samba

debian:~# useradd -m -d /home/curso -s /bin/false curso

Creamos tambien el usuario en samba y aquí le añadimos la contraseña:

debian:/etc/samba# smbpasswd -a curso

New SMB password:
Retype new SMB password:
Added user curso.

Luego en el WINXP y como tenemos dado de alta el usuario curso accederá al recurso sin
problemas.

Podremos entrar a un recurso llamado [curso] ya que la definición del recurso HOME reemplaza el
nombre por el nombre del usuario.

[homes]
comment = Home Directories
browseable = no
# By default, the home directories are exported read-only. Change next
# parameter to 'yes' if you want to be able to write to them.
writable = yes

Instalamos swat
# aptitude install swat

Accedemos a traber del puerto 901 del localhost. A traves de esta aplicación podemos administrar
de forma grafica el SAMBA

Tambien se pude configurar gráficamente con webmin

MONTAR UNA RECURSO CON SAMBA AL ESTILO NFS

Tenemos
smbclient : Permite conectarnos a una maquina con el protocolo SMB
smbclient -L servidor -Uusuario

# smbclient -L localhost -Ucurso

Password:
Domain=[SERVIDOR-9] OS=[Unix] Server=[Samba 3.0.24]

Sharename Type Comment

--------- ---- -------
print$ Disk Printer Drivers
IPC$ IPC IPC Service (debian server)
IMPRESORA_JOSE Printer IMPRESORA_JOSE
curso Disk Home Directories
Domain=[SERVIDOR-9] OS=[Unix] Server=[Samba 3.0.24]

Server Comment
--------- -------

Workgroup Master
--------- -------
CURSO WINXP

Para acceder al directorio y nos devuelba un shell en este ponemos.

#smbclient //SERVIDO/RECURSO -Uusuario

smbmount: Para montar carpetas de recursos compartidos.

#smbmount -t smbfs -o username=usuario, passwd=contraseña //SERVIDOR/RECURSO

/mnt/punto_montaje

smbfs: