Determinantes de Matrices
Determinantes de Matrices
Determinantes de Matrices
[ ]
g h k
del triángulo)
g h k | |
A= d e f , entonces detA=∆= d e f =aek + bfg+ dhc−gec −dbk−hfa.(método
a b c
| |
∆= d e f =aek +dhc + gbf −gec−ahf −dbk .
g h k
a b c
d e f
a b c ab
| |
∆= d e f d e =aek +bfg+dhc−gec−dbk−hfa .
g h k gh
a b c
| |
∆= d e f =(−1 ) a e f + (−1 ) b d f + (−1 ) c d e =¿
g h k
1+1
h k | |
1+2
g k
1 +3
| |
g h | |
¿ a ( ek −hf ) −b ( dk−gf ) + c ( dh−¿ )=¿
¿ aek + dhc+ gbf −gec −ahf −dbk .
Cofactores en f1:
de a=(−1 )
1 +1
|eh kf |; de b=(−1) |dg kf |; (−1) |dg eh|;
1+2 1 +3
= det A
Por la fila 2:
1 −2 2
|
5 0 4 |
detA =(−1)2+3 3 2 −6 5 =−3 5 −2 2 +4 1 −2 =−3 { 5 (−10+12 ) +4 (−6+ 4 ) } =−3 { 10−8 }=−6.
−6 5 { | | | |}
2 −6
0 3 0
Calcular por la columna 2: detA =(−1 )
1+2
| |
(−2 ) 2 −7 5 −(−6 )|¿|=−6
5 4 4
1 −2 5 2 1 −2 5 2 1 −2 5 2
A= 0
[ 0 3 0
2 −6 −7 5
5 0 4 4
; detA = 0
] |
0 3 0
0 −2 −17 1
= 0 0 3 0
0 −2 −17
0 10 −21 −6 0 0 −106 −1
1
=¿
|| |
1 −2 5 2 1 −2 5 2
|
¿− 0
0
0
0 3 0
0 −106 −1
||
0 0 3 0
0 0 0 −1
|
−2 −17 1 =− 0 −2 −17 1 =−( 1 )(−2 ) ( 3 ) (−1 )=−6
Método de Cramer:
2 1 1 4 1 1 2 4 1 2 1 4
[ ] [ ] [
A= −1 0 2 ; A(1b)= 2 0 2 ; A( 2b)= −1 2 2 ; A (3 b)= −1 0 2
3 1 3 −2 1 3 3 −2 3 3 1 −2 ] [ ]
detA =4 ; detA (1 b )=−16 ; detA ( 2 b )=52 ; detA ( 3 b ) =−4
ΔA (1 b) −16 ΔA ( 1 b ) 52 ΔA ( 1b ) −4
x 1= = =−4 ; x 2= = =13 ; x 3= = =−1
ΔA 4 ΔA 4 ΔA 4
Por la matriz inversa mediante la adjunta:
1 T
∗adj ( A ) ; adj ( A )=[ cof ( A ) ] ; cof ( A )= [ c ij ] ; c ij =(−1)i+ j|M ij|
−1
AX=b; X=A-1b, A =
∆A
1 1 2 1 2 1
c =−| | =3 ; c =−|
3 1|
=−2; c =[
21
1 3 3 3 ] 22 =1 ; 23
1 1 2 1 2 1
c =+|
0 2|
=−5 ; c =+|
−1 0|
=2; c =−[
−1 2 ]
31 32 =1 33
−2 9 −1 −2 −2 2
[
Cof ( A )= −2 3 1
2 −5 1
; adj ( A ) = 9
−1 1]
3 −5 ;
1 [ ]
−1 −1 1
A−1=
1
4
−2 −2 2
9
[
−1 1
3 −5 =
1
2
9
4
−1
4
] [ ] 2
3
4
1
4
4
−5
4
1
4
;
−1 −1 1
[−42 ]
H=(2, -4)=
1 2 =¿
Area=
| |5 −4
¿|−14|=14 u2
Volumen del paralelepípedo:
1 1 7 1 1 7 1 1 7 1 1 7
| | || | || | ||
V =|detA|= 0 2 1 = 2 0 2 1 = 2 0 2 1 = 2 0 2
−2 4 0 −1 2 0 0 3 7
1 = 2(
0 0 11/2 ||
1∗2∗11 | |
2 |
) = 22 =22(u ¿¿ 3) . ¿
detA=1
detB= 1
detC=1