Mecanica de Fluidos
Mecanica de Fluidos
Mecanica de Fluidos
2-38C What is viscosity? What is the cause of it in liquids and in gases? Do liquids
or gases have higher dynamic viscosities?
2-45 A thin 20-cm X 20-cm flat plate is pulled at 1 m/s horizontally through a 3.6-
mm-thick oil layer sandwiched between two plates, one stationary and the other
moving at a constant velocity of 0.3 m/s, as shown in Fig. P2-45. The dynamic
viscosity of oil is 0.027 Pa • s. Assuming the velocity in each oil layer to vary linearly,
(a) plot the velocity profile and find the location where the oil velocity is zero and (b)
determine the force that needs to be applied on the plate to maintain this motion.
● El espacio entre dos grandes superficies planas es de 2 cm y se ha llenado
con un líquido. Determinar: a) la viscosidad si la fuerza requerida para mover una
lámina muy delgada de 4000 cm^2 a una v= 20 cm/s es de 7N. La lámina permanece
equidistante de las superficies, b) la fuerza si la lámina se encuentra a 7 mm de una
de las superficies.
2-57C What is the capillary effect? What is it caused by? How is it affected by the
contact angle?
2-58C A small-diameter tube is inserted into a liquid whose contact angle is 110°.
Will the level of liquid in the tube rise or drop? Explain.
2-59C Is the capillary rise greater in small- or large-diameter tubes?
● Desarrolle una expresión para calcular una altura de ascenso capilar “h” entre
2 capas paralelas de longitud “L” y separación “s” despreciando los efectos externos.
Determinar “h” si la separación es de 1mm y la tensión superficial es 𝜎 =0.0284 N/m
y 𝜃 = 10°. Considere que el fluido es agua (densidad 1000 kg/m^3)
● Un metro cúbico de aire a 1 atm y 300 k es sellado en un contenedor. Calcule
la presión en el contenedor a)si el volumen se reduce a 0.5 m3 y T= 300 k. b)Cuando
T=350 k y v=0.5 m3.
2-7 The pressure in an automobile tire depends on the temperature of the air in the
tire. When the air temperature is 25°C, the pressure gage reads 210 kPa. If the
volume of the tire is 0.025 m3, determine the pressure rise in the tire when the air
temperature in the tire rises to 50°C. Also, determine the amount of air that must be
bled off to restore pressure to its original value at this temperature. Assume the
atmospheric pressure to be 100 kPa.
2-9E A rigid tank contains 20 lbm of air at 20 psia and 70°F More air is added to the
tank until the pressure and temperature rise to 35 psia and 90°F, respectively.
Determine the amount of air added to the tank. Answer: 13.7 Ibm.
● Los calores específicos del cloro son Cp=0.124 kcal/kgK y Cv=0.09kcal/kgK
Considere una masa del gas a una presión de 10.3 N/cm^2 y una T=150°C. Suponga
que el cloro se comporta como gas ideal.
a) La constante del gas
b) El cambio de energía específica cuando la T disminuye de 150 a 30°C
c) Calcule el cambio de entalpía para el mismo cambio de condición.
P2.31 In Fig. P2.31 all fluids are at 20°C. Determine the pressure difference (Pa)
between points A and B.
P2-17All fluids in Fig. P2.17 are at 20°C. If p = 1900 psf at point A, determine the
pressures at B, C, and D in psf.
P2.20 The hydraulic jack in Fig. P2.20 is filled with oil at 56 lbf/ft 3. Neglecting the
weight of the two pistons, what force F on the handle is required to support the 2000-
lbf weight for this design?
● Un auto cae en un lago durante un accidente y yace en el fondo del lago, la
puerta es de 1.2 m de alto por 1 m de ancho, la altura de la superficie a la puerta es
de 8 m. Determine la fuerza hidrostática de la puerta y la localización de cp y discuta
si un conductor podría abrirla.
P2.82 The dam in Fig. P2.82 is a quarter circle 50 m wide into the paper. Determine
the horizontal and vertical components of the hydrostatic force against the dam and
the point CP where the resultant strikes the dam.
P2.83 Gate AB in Fig. P2.83 is a quarter circle 10 ft wide into the paper and hinged
at B. Find the force F just sufficient to keep the gate from opening. The gate is
uniform and weighs 3000 lbf.
P2.122 A uniform block of steel (SG = 7.85) will "float" at a mercury-water interface
as in Fig. P2.122. What is the ratio of the distances a and b for this condition?
P2.120 A uniform wooden beam (SG = 0.65) is 10 cm by 10 cm by 3 m and is hinged
at A, as in Fig. P2.120. At what angle will the beam float in the 20°C water?
P2.129 The iceberg idealization in Prob. 2.128 may become unstable if its sides melt
and its height exceeds its width. In Fig. P2.128 suppose that the height is L and the
depth into the paper is L, but the width in the plane of the paper is H < L. Assuming
S = 0.88 for the iceberg, find the ratio HIL for which it becomes neutrally stable, i.e.,
about to overturn.
P2.137 A tank of water 4 m deep receives a constant upward acceleration a,
Determine (a) the gage pressure at the tank bottom if a = 5 m/s^2 and (b) the value
of a, which causes the gage pressure at the tank bottom to be 1 atm.
P2.139 The tank of liquid in Fig. P2.139 accelerates to the right with the fluid in rigid-
body motion. (a) Compute ax in m/s2. (b) Why doesn't the solution to part (a) depend
upon the density of the fluid? (c) Determine the gage pressure at point A if the fluid
is glycerin at 20°C.
P2.152 A 16-cm-diameter open cylinder 27 cm high is full of water. Compute the
rigid-body rotation rate about its central axis, in r/min, (a) for which one-third of the
water will spill out and (b) for which the bottom will be barely exposed.
UNIDAD III
P3.12 Water at 20°C flows steadily through a closed tank, as in Fig. P3.12. At section
1, D1= 6 cm and the volume flow is 100 m3/h. At section 2, D2 = 5 cm and the average
velocity is 8 m/s. If D3 = 4 cm, what is (a) Q3 in m3/h and (b) average V3 in m/s?
P3.13 Water at 20°C flows steadily at 40 kg/s through the nozzle in Fig. P3.13. If D1
= 18 cm and D2 = 5 cm, compute the average velocity, in m/s, at (a) section 1 and
(b) section 2.
P3.14 The open tank in Fig. P3.14 contains water at 20°C and is being filled through
section 1. Assume incompressible flow. First derive an analytic expression for the
water-level change dh/dt in terms of arbitrary volume flows (Q1, Q2, Q3) and tank
diameter d. Then, if the water level h is constant, determine the exit velocity V2 for
the given data V1 = 3 m/s and Q3 = 0.01 m3/s.
P3.15 Water, assumed incompressible, flows steadily through the round pipe in Fig.
P3.15. The entrance velocity is constant, u = Uo, and the exit velocity approximates
turbulent flow, u = umax(1 — rIR)1/7 . Determine the ratio Uo/umax for this flow.
P3.16 An incompressible fluid flows past an impermeable flat plate, as in Fig. P3.16,
with a uniform inlet profile u = U0 and a cubic polynomial exit profile Compute the
volume flow Q across the top surface of the control volume.
P3.17 Incompressible steady flow in the inlet between parallel plates in Fig. P3.17 is
uniform, u = U0 = 8 cm/s, while downstream the flow develops into the parabolic
laminar profile u = az(zo- z), where a is a constant. If zo = 4 cm and the fluid is SAE
30 oil at 20°C, what is the value of urnax in cm/s?
(a) ¿Este perfil satisface las condiciones de contorno correctas para el flujo de fluido
viscoso?, (b) Encuentre una expresión analítica para el flujo de volumen Q en la
salida y (c) Si el flujo de entrada es de 300 ft3/min, estime umax en m/s.
P3.40 The water jet in Fig. P3.40 strikes normal to a fixed plate. Neglect gravity and
friction, and compute the force F in newtons required to hold the plate fixed.
P3.41 In Fig. P3.41 the vane turns the water jet completely around. Find an
expression for the maximum jet velocity V0 if the maximum possible support force is
Fo.
P3.42 A liquid of density flows through the sudden contraction in Fig. P3.42 and
exits to the atmosphere. Assume uniform conditions (p1, V1, D1) at section 1 and (pa,
V2, D2) at section 2. Find an expression for the force F exerted by the fluid on the
contraction.
P3.43 Water at 20°C flows through a 5-cm-diameter pipe which has a 180° vertical
bend, as in Fig. P3.43. The total length of pipe between flanges 1 and 2 is 75 cm.
When the weight flow rate is 230 N/s, p1 = 165 kPa and p2 = 134 kPa. Neglecting
pipe weight, determine the total force which the flanges must withstand for this flow.
P3.126 There is a steady isothermal flow of water at 20°C through the device in Fig.
P3.126. Heat-transfer, gravity, and temperature effects are negligible. Known data
are D1 = 9 cm, Q1 = 220 m3/h, p1 = 150 kPa, D2 = 7 cm, Q2 = 100 m3/h, p2 = 225
kPa, D3 = 4 cm, and p3 = 265 kPa. Compute the rate of shaft work done for this
device and its direction.
P3.130 When the pump in Fig. P3.130 draws 220 m 3/h of water at 20°C from the
reservoir, the total friction head loss is 5 m. The flow discharges through a nozzle to
the atmosphere. Estimate the pump power in kW delivered to the water.
P3.131 When the pump in Fig. P3.130 delivers 25 kW of power to the water, the
friction head loss is 4 m. Estimate (a) the exit velocity V, and (b) the flow rate Q.
P3.144 The pump in Fig. P3.144 creates a 20°C water jet oriented to travel a
maximum horizontal distance. System friction head losses are 6.5 m. The jet may
be approximated by the trajectory of frictionless particles. What power must be
delivered by the pump?
P3.158 In Fig. P3.158 the flowing fluid is CO2 at 20°C. Neglect losses. If pi = 170
kPa and the manometer fluid is Meriam red oil (SG = 0.827), estimate (a) p2 and (b)
the gas flow rate in m3/h.
P3.159 Our 0.625-in-diameter hose is too short, and it is 125 ft from the 0.375-in-
diameter nozzle exit to the garden. If losses are neglected, what is the minimum
gage pressure required, inside the hose, to reach the garden?
Donde:
= Densidad del material de viga
A = Área de sección transversal
I = Área del momento de inercia
E = Módulo de Young
Use solo las cantidades ρ, E y A para adimensionalizar y, x y t, y vuelva a escribir
la ecuación diferencial en forma adimensional.