Buque Granelero
Buque Granelero
Buque Granelero
Made by:
Raisbelis Bencomo
C.I: 26201532
Section: A
NOA
3er Trimester
ESQUEMA
2 1Qu es un buque granelero?
3 Caracterstica de un buque granelero
4 Clasificacin de los buques graneleros (Bulk Carriers)
5 Diseo:
6 Carga a granel
7 Clasificacin de la carga a granel
8 Seguridad en los Bulk Carriers
INTRODUCCIN
International trade and freight transport have acquired great importance to the
phenomenon of globalization and integration econmicos.1El block shipping is one
of the oldest ways in which the goods have been transported from one place to
another. Shipping is one of the most used for international trade, due to its weight
bearing capacity modes. By means of shipping you can carry what are people,
passengers and goods, as goods in containers or dry bulk cargo and sance or
liquids. It also has the advantage that the vast majority of the planet earth is water
and nothing better than to make or shipping goods crossing through it. The
carriage of goods is done through different types of boats depending on the type of
merchandise you want to reach your destination. The boats can be classified
according to their speed, load capacity, dimensions and how this structured for
proper goods take on it
DESARROLLO
1. Qu es un buque granelero?
Un granelero (en ingls bulk carriers) es un barco que se dedica al transporte de
cargas secas a granel. Suele tratarse de un buque mercante de gran tamao
(hasta 200.000 TPM), superando en algunos casos los 300 m de eslora, que
normalmente navega a baja velocidad. Estos buques de transporte de carga slida
a granel son fcilmente identificables por tener una nica cubierta corrida con
varias escotillas (normalmente impares) y unas correderas a uno o ambos lados
por donde corren la tapa o tapas de las escotillas.
Los graneleros tipo Panamax, como el resto de familias de este tipo de buques,
tienen el mximo tamao permitido para pasar por el Canal de Panam, con una
serie de limitaciones de calado y manga, lo que equivale a 60/70.000 toneladas de
peso muerto. Pueden transportar cereales, minerales o cargas mixtas (oil/bulk/ore
carrier) (cargas secas y crudo). En el caso del transporte de cargas pesadas, sus
bodegas estn reforzadas para resistir golpes.
A bulk carrier ( English bulk carriers ) is a ship engaged in the transportation of dry
bulk cargoes . This is usually a large merchant ship ( up to 200,000 dwt) , in some
cases exceeding 300 m in length , usually sails at low speed. These ships carrying
solid bulk cargo are easily identifiable by a unique cover run with several
hatchways (usually odd ) and a sliding one or both sides where they are at the top
or hatch covers .
The Panamax bulk carriers, like other families of these ships have the maximum
size allowed to pass through the Panama Canal, with a series of limited draft and
manga , equivalent to 60 / 70,000 dwt . They can transport cereals, minerals or
mixed loads (oil / bulk / ore carrier ) ( dry and oil cargoes ) . In the case of transport
of heavy loads, their warehouses are reinforced to withstand shock
2. Caractersticas de un buque granelero
La configuracin estructural tpica de los buques graneleros presenta bodegas de
cargas exentas de plataformas intermedias. En la cubierta principal se observan
grandes escotillas que permiten el acceso de la maquinaria de descarga a las
bodegas. Estos buques estn dotados de un doble fondo que les permite espacio
para los tanques de lastre y las lneas de tuberas necesarias
Los buques graneleros que no siguen rutas fijas estn, normalmente, equipados
con sus propias gras para cargar/descargar mercancas. En el caso de los Bulk
Carriers de lnea regular, no se requieren gras si la ruta se realiza entre puertos
con terminales preparadas para manejar la carga transportada.
Pequeos: menos de 10,000 DWT, esta categora incluye a los Minibulkers, los cuales pueden transportar desde 500 a 2,500 ton, los mismos
poseen una nica bodega y estn diseados para el transporte fluvial
principalmente y para poder navegar por debajo de puentes. Tienen
tripulaciones pequeas, normalmente de 3 a 8 personas.
*Small: less than 10,000 DWT, this category includes the Mini - bulkers, which
can carry from 500 to 2,500 tons , they have a unique cellar and are designed
for river transport mainly and to navigate under bridges . Crews have small,
typically 3 to 8 people
*According types:
*Basic Bulk Carriers : They have 5 wineries , for a ship of 35,000 tons to 9 for a
250,000 ton ship , covered by caps prominent wineries . They have cranes that
allow the unloading in ports where no equipment is on the ground. They are
designed to be flexible about the type of cargo it carries.
* Combined: Can transport ore and bulk generally at the same time , and
sometimes even oil or fuel in the wing tanks . These ships require special
design and are very expensive. They prevailed in the 70s , but have decreased
considerably in number since the 90s and routes made.
*BIBO or " Bulk In, Out Bags " are specially equipped to provide the service to
place in bags or sacks cargo when it is loaded on the ship vessels
4) Diseo:
4) Design :
The design of a Bulk Carrier depends mainly on the type of cargo that transport ,
and particularly the density of that burden . Densities for bulk vary widely, from 0.6
tons / m3 for light grains to 3 Ton / m3 for iron ore. For example, Ore Carriers are
limited by the total weight factor because the mineral has a high density ; while
Coal Carriers are limited by the total volume , since coal has a lower density so
that wineries are completed before the ship reaches its maximum draft .
Types of hatch covers :
*Auto Roll Roll
*Topsto
*Hydrofold (also known as Hydrofold high or low , low also are known as "
Mcgregor Type" by its creator )
*Auto Hatch
5 Carga a Granel:
Se denomina de esta manera a la carga que al momento de embarcarse no se
halla envasada y que es de la misma o de similar tipo o naturaleza, es decir,
5-Bulk Cargo :
It is called in this way to the load when embarking is not packed and
which is of the same or similar kind or nature , ie homogeneous .
This type of load is usually poured by different elements stowed in
the holds , which is very advantageous because no additional costs
of packaging and loading / unloading relatively accelerated
considerably. This type of cargo is classified into liquid and solid or
dry
6 Clasificacin de la carga a granel:
Slida o seca
Carbn
Granos (maz, arroz, sorgo, soja, trigo, etc.)
Mineral de hierro (minerales, ferroaleaciones, escoria, etc.)
Bauxita
Chips de madera
Cemento
Qumicos (fertilizantes, pallets, resinas, fibras sintticas, grnulos plsticos,
etc.)
Comestibles secos (para animales o humanos, azcar, man, pallets de
alfalfa, harina, etc.)
Productos mineros (arena, cobre, sal, grava, etc.)
Lquida
Crudos
Gas natural Licuado (LNG)
Gasolinas
Qumicos
Lquida
Crudos
Liquefied Natural Gas ( LNG )
Gasolines
Chemical
7 Seguridad en los Bulk Carriers
A menudo se describe a los buques de carga a granel como "las bestias de carga"
de la flota mercante mundial. En la actualidad existen aproximadamente 5500
graneleros en servicio en todo el mundo, cifra que representa el 33% del arqueo
de la flota mundial. Entre ellos figuran algunos de los buques ms grandes del
mundo, solamente superados en tamao por un nmero reducido de petroleros.
Sin ellos el comercio y la industria mundial se paralizaran.
Pese a su importante contribucin a la vida moderna, los graneleros son de los
buques menos conocidos de la flota mundial. Esto se debe a que dichos buques
operan normalmente entre terminales situados lejos de las ciudades y de las
zonas portuarias tradicionales y pasan inadvertidos para el pblico en general.
Cuando la gente los ve los confunde con petroleros, con los que tienen
caractersticas comunes en su aspecto exterior.
Despite its important contribution to modern life , bulk carriers are of the lesser
known ships in the world fleet. This is because such vessels normally operate
between terminals located far from towns and traditional port areas and go
unnoticed by the general public . When people see the confused with oil , with
which they have common features in their appearance .
CONCLUSIN
BIBLIOGRAFIA
MAN Diesel & Turbo DIESSEL FACTS 2/2011
D.J.EYRES. Ship Construction. 6 ed. Oxford, 2007. ISBN 10: 0-75-068070 IACS. Bulk Carriers, Guidance and Information on Bulk Cargo Loading and
Discharging to Reduce the Likelihood of Over-stressing the Hull Structure
Londres, 1997.