Passiflora venusta, a New Species of Passiflora series Laurifoliae (Passifloraceae) froID Bolivia

Roberto Vsquez Ch. Sociedad Boliviana de Botnica, Casilla Correo 3822, Santa Cruz, Bolivia. [email protected]

Marleen Delanoy Ghent University, Laboratory for Tropical and Subtropical Agronomy and Ethnobotany, Coupure links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium. [email protected] Xavier Scheldeman International Plant Genetic Resources Institute (IPGRI), Regional Office for the Americas,Cal, Colombia. [email protected] Patrick Van Damme
Ghent University, Laboratory for Tropical and Subtropical Agronomy and Ethnobotany, Coupure

links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium. [email protected] Stephan Beck Herbario Nacional de Bolivia, Universidad Mayor de San Andrs, Casilla 10077, La Paz, Bolivia. [email protected]

ABSTRACT.Passiflora venusta R. Vsquez & M. Delanoy, a new species of subgenus Passiflora L. ser. Laurifoliae Killip ex Cervi (Passifloraceae) is described and illustrated. Passiflora venusta differs from the other species belonging to this series by a unique combination of characteristics: flowers are large (ea. 12 cm diam.) and solitary; sepals and petals are white outside and red-purple inside; outside, sepal veins are white whereas petal veins are red; corona filaments are long and the outermost rank of filaments is noticeably shorter and thinner than the second rank; and fruits are 3.9-5.9 cm long with an endocarp no more than 0.5 cm thick. RESUMEN. Se describe e ilustra Passiflora venusta R. Vsquez & M. Delanoy, una nueva especie del subgnero Passiflora L. ser. Laurifoliae Killip ex Cervi (Passifloraceae). Passiflora venusta se diferencia de otras especies de esta serie por una combinacin de caractersticas nicas: flores grandes y solitarias (ea. 12 cm diam.); spalos y ptalos blancos en la superficie externa, rojo-morados en la superficie interna; en la superficie externa, las nervaduras de los spalos son blancas mientras que las nervaduras de los ptalos son rojas; los filamentos internos de la corona son largos y los filamentos externos notorNOVON 17: 120-124.

iamente ms cortos y delgados que los de la segunda fila; y las frutas tienen 3.9-5.9 cm de largo con un endocarpo de mximo 0.5 cm de ancho.
Key words: Bolivia, Passiflora, series Laurifoliae, Yungas. Passifloraceae,

Within the subgenus Passiflora L. ser. Laurifoliae Killip ex Cervi, five species are recognized to occurin Bolivia. These are: Passiflora chaparensis R. Vsquez (Vsquez, 1998), P. femandezii L. K. Escobar (Escobar, 1989), P. nigradenia Rusby (Killip, 1938), P. nitida Kunth (Vsquez, 1998), and P. riparia Martius ex Masters (KroTMr, T. & AcebeyA 1449 LPB). We add one new species to this list. Local names given for this species are "granadilla," "maracuy," "granadilla del monte," "chimchircomo," and "tumbo" (M. Delanoy, pers. obs., 2003). In the area where this species is present, different inter. viewees stated that the fruit was consumed either fresh or as juice. Because of its attractive and colorful flowers, the plant also has ornamental value. Passiflora venusta R. Vsquez & M. Delanoy, sp. nov. TYPE: Bolivia. La Paz: Nor Yungas, road lo

Mururata, 21 Jan. 1984, R. Vsquez,C.Luer,. ]

PUBLISHEDON 23 APRIL 2007.

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Phenology. Passiflora venusta was found flowering between the end of November and the beginning of February. Ripe fruits were available between DecemPa.ssifloravenusta a P.fernandezii et P. nigradenia differt ber and February. propter florem grandiorem (ad 12 cm) et corollam et calycem Passiflora venusta is distinguishable from P. femanruber-purpureum, a P. chaparensi, P. riparia et P. nitida dezii and P. nigradenia by its flowers of ea. differt propter 2 series filamentarum coronae inaequalium amplitudine distincte. 12 cm diam. compared to flowers of ea. 6 cm diam. (Escobar, 1989) and 6-10 cm diam. (Killip, 1938; Liana, glabrescent except for puberulent fruits and Rusby, 1927), respectively. In addition, P. femandezii base of styles; stems terete, striate; internodes 3-7 cm; is pubescent and has, with its outer corona filaments of stipules 4-6 X 0.5 mm at base, linear-subulate, early 0.6 cm and inner ones of 2.3-2.5 cm, much shorter deciduous. Petioles 7-15 mm, caniculate, with 1 pair of corona filaments than P. venusta (Escobar, 1989). glands of 1 mm diam., round, sessile, adaxially attached Passiflora venusta further differs from P. nigradenia above mid-petiole. Lamina 8-14 X 3--6 cm, oblongand P. riparia in having solitary flowers versus flowers lanceolate, coriaceous, lustrous, gray-green, glabrous borne in groups on short axillary branches (Killip, adaxialIy, pale green abaxialIy; apex generally abruptly 1938; Vsquez, 1994, 1998). Passiflora venusta also acuminate; base rounded or subtruncate; margin entire. has much smalIer fruits with a thinner endocarp than P. Flowers solitary,pendent, ea. 12 cm diam.;peduncle3nigradenia (3.9-5.9 cm vs. 8-10 cm fruits, and 0.5 cm. 5 cm, terete; bracts 3-5 X 1.5-2.5 cm, verticillate, vs. 1.5 cm endocarp, respectively) (Vsquez, 1994, concave, ovate-Ianceolate; apex acute; base rounded, 1998). Passiflorafemandezii, P. nigradenia, P. nitida, green; margin with 4 to 6 green scattered glands; stipe ea. and P. riparia have white flowers, whereas P. venusta 6 mm; hypanthium campanulate, contracted, ea. 2 cm has sepals that are white outside and sepals and petals wide at base, to ea. 3 cm wide at apex, white, with a ring that are colored inside (Escobar, 1989; Killip, 1938; of denticulate processes, 1-2 mm, dark purple, in the Vsquez, 1998). Passiflora chaparensis, P. nitida, and inner middle surface; sepals white outside, red-purple P. riparia have an outermost rank of corona filaments inside, margin white, 3-5 X 1.5-2.5 cm, oblongequaling or exceeding the second rank in contrast with lanceolate, subcoriaceous, keeled and aristate; apex P. venusta (Killip, 1938; Vsquez, 1998). Passiflora acute, awnea. 3 mm;petals white outsidewith alI veins venusta also differs from P. riparia and P. chaparensis and veinules red, the red nearly covering the whole basal by its glabrous ovary (Killip, 1938; Vsquez, 1998). In third, red-purple inside, 4-5 X 1-2 cm, linearaddition, P. venusta has subglobose fruits, while P. lanceolate-attenuate,membranous;apex obtuse; corona chaparensis has pyriform fruits (Vsquez, 1998). filamentous, white, banded with dark purple, filaments Figure 3 shows the distribution of Passiflora species in 2 series; outer filaments to 2 cm, ea. 2 mm wide; belonging to series Laurifoliae in Bolivia. Passiflora inner filaments to 4.5 cm, ea. 4 mm wide; operculum venusta occurs in areas clearly different from those nonplicate, membranous, strongly incurved, red; androwhere P. chaparensis, P.femandezii, P. nitida, and P. gynophore 3.5 cm, white; filaments 1.5 cm, united at riparia are reported. Passiflora nigradenia has an base, white; anthers white; ovary ea. 5 X 3.5 mm, ample distribution over different departments from Beni and northern parts of La Paz to Santa Cruz. It short-stipitate, ellipsoidal, puberulent, partially surrounded by the united base of the anthers; styles erect, grows in humid forests from lower areas of the Yungas, between 200 and 1900 m above sea level, whereas P. pubescent at base, whitish; stigmas globose, whitish. venusta has a limited distribution in the Yungas of the Fruit 3.9-5.9 X 3.2-4.3 cm, subglobose, edible, department La Paz. It is found in humid montane epicarp sparsely pubescent, soft, orange-yellow, whiteforests of the Andes, between 550 and 1650 m above maculate; endocarp 0.2-0.5 cm, white, spongy; pulp edible, sweet;seeds obcordate,foveate,6-8 X 3-5 mm. sea leve!. Etymology. From the Latin word "venustas" meaning "chann, loveliness, and beauty," in reference to the attractiveness of its flowers. Distribution and habitat. Passiflora venusta is known from collections in Bolivia in La Paz department: Caranavi, Ballivin roadsides from 575 Provinces Nor Yungas, Sur Yungas, and and from Beni department: Province (Rurrenabaque) (see Fig. 3). It is found on and trails in the humid forest of the yungas to 1620 m above sea leve!.
KEY TO THE SPECIES OF PASS/FLORA SER. LAUR/FOLIAE IN BOLIVIA

Luer & N. Williams 1967 (holotype, isotypes, GENT, MO). Figures 1, 2.

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Figure 1. Passifiora venusta R. Vsquez & M. Delanoy. -A. Branch with floral bud. -B. Floral bract. -C. Petal (left) and sepal (right). -D. Longitudinal section of a flower. -E. Longitudinal section of corona. Drawing by Roberto Vsquez Ch. from the holotype R. Vsquez, C. Luer, ]. Luer & N. Williams 1967 (LPB).

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Vsquez et al. Passiflora venusta from Bolivia

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Figure 2. Passiflora venu.staR. Vsquez & M. Delanoy. -A. Bud and leaf, abaxial surface. -B. Flower, lateral view. -C. Flower, frontal view. -D. Longitudinal section of a flower. -E. Mature fmil. -F. Longitudinal section of a mature fmit (photographs y Marleen Delanoy). b

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Figure 3. lb. outer coronal filaments 4-5 cm, the inner ones 0.2 cm; ovary pubescent. . . . P. riparia 3b. Bracts green; flowers always solitary; outer coronal filaments 2-3.5 cm, the inner ones about 1 cm; ovary tomentose . . P. nitida Outermost rank of corona filaments shorter than the second rank. 4a. Flowers less than 10 cm wide; sepals and petals white, petals less than 3.5 cm; outer coronal filaments less than 1.5 cm, the inner ones less than 3.5 cm. 5a. Plant pubescent; laminas 5-9.5 X 2.54.2 cm; flowers always solitary; outer coronal filaments 0.6 cm. . . . . P. fernandezii 5b. Plant mainly glabrous; laminas 12-20 X 9 cm; flowers generally grouped on short axillary branches with much-reduced leaves, sometimes solitary; outer coronal filaments 1-1.3 cm . . . . . . . . P. nigradenia 4b. Flowers ea. 12 cm diam.; sepals and petals red-purple inside and white outside; sepal veins white outside but petal veins and veinules red, petals 4-5 cm; outer coronal filaments to 2 cm, inner ones to 4.5 cm . . . . . . . . . .P. venusta

o
kilometers

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Distribution of Passiflora species belonging to series Laurifotiae in Bolivia (Delanoy, in prep.).from Coroico to Santa Barbara, 26 Nov. 2003, Detanoy 153, 155,156, 157 (LPB), 26 Nov. 2003, Detanoy 151,161 (GENT, LPB), 26 Nov. 2003, Detanay 160 (GENT, US), 26 Nov. 2003, Detanoy 164 (GENT, LPB, MO); Challa, 23 Nov. 2003, Delanoy 166, 167 (BOLV, GENT, US); road from Challa to Agua Milagro, 23 Nov. 2003, Detanay 174 (LPB, GENT).

Acknowledgments. This research was financed by a grant to Marleen Delanoy of the Institute for the Promotion of Innovation through Science and Technology in Flanders (IWT-Vlaanderen). Christian Feuillet and Peter M011er J0rgensen are thanked for the careful review.
Literature Cited Escobar, 1. K. 1989. Two new species oE Passiflora (Passifloraceae) from South America. Phytologia 66: 3~2. Killip, E. P. 1938. The American species of Passifloraceae. Pub!. Field Mus. Nat. Hist. 19: 1-613. Rusby, H. H. 1927. Descriptions of new genera and species of plants collected on the Mulford biological exploration oE the Amazon valley 1921-1922. Mem. New York Bol. Gard. 7: 311. V squez, R. 1994. Passiflora nigradenia (Passifloraceae) especie poco conocida de Bolivia. Revista Soco Estud. Bol. 1(1): 49-55. -. 1998. Las especies de Passiflora subgnero Granadilla serie Laurifotiae (Passifloraceae) en Bolivia. Revista Soco Boliv. Bol. 2(1): 36-45.

Paratypes. BOLIVIA. Beni: Ballivin, Rurrenabaque, 4 Mar. 2000, R. Vsquez 3702 (herb. Vsquez). La paz: Caranavi, 17 Nov. 1979,R. Vsquezl968 (herb. Vsquez); Sud Yungas, Covendo, 5 Mar. 2003, M. Detanay 30 (LPB); Remolino, 13 Nov. 2003, Detanoy 70 (GENT, LPB, MO), 19 Nov. 2003, Delanoy 71 (BOLV, GENT); Nor Yungas, road