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Bronze sandbox

Bivalvia - taxonomy overhaul

Intro notes to section (PLEASE NOTE THIS HAS GONE LIVE ON Bivalvia ALREADY)

Many systems have been developed for the classification of bivalves, but for the past two centuries no professional consensus has existed on bivalve phylogeny. In the earlier taxonomic systems experts used only one characteristic feature for their taxonomic system, either shell morphology, hinge type, or the type of gills. Many conflicts existed due to taxonomies based on single organ systems and conflicting naming schemes proliferated. One of the most widely accepted systems was that of Newell in the Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology Moore [ed.] (1969), which employed a classification system based on general shell shape, microstructures and hinge configuration.^[1] Since features such as hinge morphology, dentition, mineralogy, and shell morphology and composition change slowly these characteristics can be used for defining major taxonomic groups. Due to the numerous fossil lineages, DNA sequence data is of limited use in classifying extinct species.

In the last decade, taxonomic studies using cladistical analyses of multiple organ systems, shell morphology (including species in the fossil record), and modern molecular phylogenetics have drawn what experts believe to be a more accurate phylogeny of the Bivalvia.^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]^[6] Based upon these studies a new proposed classification system for the Bivalvia was published in 2010 by Bieler, Carter & Coan.^[7] Currently, in 2012, this new taxonomic classification system has been recognized by the World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) as the classification system for the Bivalvia. Some experts still maintain that the Anomalodesmacea is a separate Subclass, whereas Bieler, et al. place it as the Order Anomalodesmata within the Heterodonta. Molecular phylogeny work continues, further refining the taxonomy of the Bivalvia.^[8]^[9]

2010 proposed taxonomy of the Bivalvia

In May 2010 a new taxonomy of the Bivalvia was published in the journal Malacologia. In this classification 324 families were recognized as valid, 214 of which are known exclusively as fossils and 110 families occur in the Recent with or without a fossil record.^[10] This publication consisted of two parts :

Nomenclator of Bivalve Names of the Family-Group and above
Classification of Bivalve Families (under the redaction of Rüdiger Bieler, Joseph G. Carter and Eugene V. Coan)

The 2010 proposed taxonomy of the Class Bivalvia is as follows:

Class: Bivalvia

Subclass: Heterodonta

Infraclass: Archiheterodonta

Order: Carditoida

Superfamily: Carditoidea
- Family: Carditidae
- Family: Condylocardidae
Superfamily: Crassitelloidea
- Family: Crassitellidae
- Family: Astartidae

Infraclass: Euheterodonta

Unassigned Euheterodonta

Superfamily: Gastrochaenoidea
- Family: Gastrochaenidae
Superfamily: Hiatelloidea
- Family: Hiatellidae
Superfamily: Solenoidea
- Family: Solenidae
- Family: Pharidae

Order: Anomalodesmata

Superfamily: Clavagelloidea
- Family: Clavagellidae
- Family: Penicillidae
Superfamily: Cuspidarioidea
- Family: Cuspidariidae
Superfamily: Myochamoidea
- Family: Cleidothaeridae
- Family: Myochamidae
Superfamily: Pandoroidea
- Family: Pandoridae
- Family: Lyonsiidae
Superfamily: Pholadomyoidea
- Family: Parilimyidae
- Family: Pholadomyidae
Superfamily: Poromyoidea
- Family: Poromyidae
Superfamily: Thracioidea
- Family: Thraciidae
- Family: Laternulidae
- Family: Periplomatidae
Superfamily: Verticordioidea
- Family: Lyonsiellidae
- Family: Verticordidae
- Family: Euciroidae

Order: Myoida

Suborder: Myina
- Superfamily: Myoidea
  - Family: Corbulidae
  - Family: Myidae
- Superfamily: Pholadoidea
  - Family: Pholadidae
  - Family: Teredinidae

Order: Lucinoida

Superfamily: Lucinoidea
- Family: Lucinidae
Superfamily: Thyasiroidea
- Family: Thyasiridae

Order: Veneroida

Superfamily: Arcticoidea
- Family: Arcticidae
- Family: Trapeziidae
Superfamily: Corbiculoidea
- Family: Corbiculidae
Superfamily: Cyamioidea
- Family: Cyamiidae
- Family: Neoleptonidae
- Family: Sportellidae
Superfamily: Glossoidea
- Family: Glossidae
Superfamily: Tridacnoidea
- Family: Tridacnidae
Superfamily: Cardioidea
- Family: Cardiidae
Superfamily: Chamoidea
- Family: Chamidae
Superfamily: Galeommatoidea
- Family: Galeommatidae
- Family: Kellidae
- Family: Lasaeidae
- Family: Leptonidae
- Family: Montacutidae
Superfamily: Mactroidea
- Family: Cardiliidae
- Family: Mactridae
- Family: Mesodesmatidae
Superfamily: Tellinoidea
- Family: Donacidae
- Family: Pharidae
- Family: Psammobiidae
- Family: Semelidae
- Family: Tellinidae
- Family: Solecurtidae
Superfamily: Ungulinoidea
- Family: Ungulinidae
Superfamily: Cyrenoididae
- Family: Cyrenoididae
Superfamily: Veneroidea
- Family: Petricolidae
- Family: Turtoniidae
- Family: Veneridae

Subclass: Palaeoheterodonta

Order: Trigonioida

Superfamily: Trigonioidea
- Family: Trigoniidae

Order: Unionoida

Superfamily: Unionoidea
- Family: Margaritiferidae
- Family: Unionidae

Subclass: Protobranchia

Order: Nuclanoida

Superfamily: Nuculanoidea
- Family: Bathyspinulidae
- Family: Lametilidae accepted as Phaseolidae
- Family: Malletidae
- Family: Neilonellidae
- Family: Nuculanidae
- Family: Siliculidae
- Family: Tindariidae
- Family: Yoledidae

Order: Nuculida

Superfamily: Nuculoidea
- Family: Nuculidae
- Family: Sareptidae

Order: Solemyoida

Superfamily: Maizanelloidae
- Family: Nucinellidae
Superfamily: Solemyoidea
- Family: Solemyidae

Subclass: Pteriomorphia

Order: Arcoida

Superfamily: Arcoidea
- Family: Arcidae
- Family: Cucullaeidae
- Family: Glycymerididae
- Family: Noetiidae
- Family: Parallelodontidae
Superfamily: Limopsoidea
- Family: Limposidae
- Family: Philobryidae

Infraclass: Eupteriomorphia

Order: Ostreoida

Superfamily: Ostreoidea
- Family: Gryphaeidae
- Family: Ostreidae

Suborder: Pectinoida

Superfamily: Anomoiidea
- Family: Anomiidae
Superfamily: Plicatuloidea
- Family: Plicatulidae
Superfamily: Dimyoidea
- Family: Dimyidae
Superfamily: Pectinoidea
- Family: Entoliidae
- Family: Pectinidae
- Family: Propeamussiidae
- Family: Spondylidae

Suborder: Limoida

Superfamily: Limoidea
- Family: Limidae

Suborder: Mytiloida

Superfamily: Mytiloidea
- Family: Mytilidae

Suborder: Pterioida

Superfamily: Pinnoidea
- Family: Pinnidae
Superfamily: Pteroidea
- Family: Malleidae
- Family: Pteriidae
- Family: Pulvinitidae

References

^ Norman D. Newell (1969): [Bivalvia systematics]. In: Moore, R.C.: Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology Part N.
^ G. Giribet and W. Wheeler (2002) On bivalve phylogeny: a high-level analysis of the Bivalvia (Mollusca) based on combined morphology and DNA sequence data. Invertebrate Biology 121(4):271-324.
^ Bieler, R. & Mikkelsen, P.M. (2006) Bivalvia - a Look at the Branches, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 148: 223-235.
^ Mikkelsen, P. M., R. Bieler, I. Kappner & T. A. Rawlings (2006) Phylogeny of Veneroidea (Mollusca: Bivalvia) based on morphology and molecules. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 148(3): 439-521.
^ Taylor, J.D., S.T. Williams, E.A. Glover & P. Dyal (2007) A molecular phylogeny of heterodont bivalves (Mollusca: Bivalvia: Heterodonta): new analyses of 18S and 28S rRNA genes, Zoologica Scripta 36: 587-606.
^ Taylor, J. D., E. A. Glover, and S. T. Williams (2009) Phylogenetic position of the bivalve family Cyrenoididae – removal from (and further dismantling of) the superfamily Lucinoidea. Nautilus 123(1): 9-13.
^ Bieler, R., Carter, J.G. & Coan, E.V. (2010) Classification of Bivalve families. Pp. 113-133, in: Bouchet, P. & Rocroi, J.P. (2010), Nomenclator of Bivalve Families. Malacologia 52(2): 1-184
^ Tëmkin, I. (2010) Molecular phylogeny of pearl oysters and their relatives (Mollusca, Bivalvia, Pterioidea). BMC Evolutionary Biology 10: 342., available online at http://www.biomedcentral.com/content/pdf/1471-2148-10-342.pdf
^ Taylor, J. D., Glover, E. A., Dyal, P. and S. T. Williams (2011) Molecular phylogeny and classification of the chemosymbiotic bivalve family Lucinidae (Mollusca: Bivalvia) Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 163:15-49.
^ Bouchet, Philippe; Rocroi, Jean-Pierre; Bieler, Rüdiger; Carter, Joseph G.; Coan, Eugene V. (2010). "Nomenclator of Bivalve Families with a Classification of Bivalve Families". Malacologia. 52 (2): 1–184. doi:10.4002/040.052.0201.

External Links

Man and Mollusk (teaching page on classification of Bivalvia) http://manandmollusc.net/advanced_introduction/moll101pelecypoda.html

The Paleobiology Database, at: http://paleodb.org/cgi-bin/bridge.pl?a=startStartPrint Hierarchy

[1] Norman D. Newell (1969): [Bivalvia systematics]. In: Moore, R.C.: Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology Part N.

[2] G. Giribet and W. Wheeler (2002) On bivalve phylogeny: a high-level analysis of the Bivalvia (Mollusca) based on combined morphology and DNA sequence data. Invertebrate Biology 121(4):271-324.

[3] Bieler, R. & Mikkelsen, P.M. (2006) Bivalvia - a Look at the Branches, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 148: 223-235.

[4] Mikkelsen, P. M., R. Bieler, I. Kappner & T. A. Rawlings (2006) Phylogeny of Veneroidea (Mollusca: Bivalvia) based on morphology and molecules. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 148(3): 439-521.

[5] Taylor, J.D., S.T. Williams, E.A. Glover & P. Dyal (2007) A molecular phylogeny of heterodont bivalves (Mollusca: Bivalvia: Heterodonta): new analyses of 18S and 28S rRNA genes, Zoologica Scripta 36: 587-606.

[6] Taylor, J. D., E. A. Glover, and S. T. Williams (2009) Phylogenetic position of the bivalve family Cyrenoididae – removal from (and further dismantling of) the superfamily Lucinoidea. Nautilus 123(1): 9-13.

[7] Bieler, R., Carter, J.G. & Coan, E.V. (2010) Classification of Bivalve families. Pp. 113-133, in: Bouchet, P. & Rocroi, J.P. (2010), Nomenclator of Bivalve Families. Malacologia 52(2): 1-184

[8] Tëmkin, I. (2010) Molecular phylogeny of pearl oysters and their relatives (Mollusca, Bivalvia, Pterioidea). BMC Evolutionary Biology 10: 342., available online at http://www.biomedcentral.com/content/pdf/1471-2148-10-342.pdf

[9] Taylor, J. D., Glover, E. A., Dyal, P. and S. T. Williams (2011) Molecular phylogeny and classification of the chemosymbiotic bivalve family Lucinidae (Mollusca: Bivalvia) Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 163:15-49.

[Bouchet-10] Bouchet, Philippe; Rocroi, Jean-Pierre; Bieler, Rüdiger; Carter, Joseph G.; Coan, Eugene V. (2010). "Nomenclator of Bivalve Families with a Classification of Bivalve Families". Malacologia. 52 (2): 1–184. doi:10.4002/040.052.0201.

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