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Our Town
Written by	Thornton Wilder
Characters	Stage Manager Mrs. Myrtle Webb Mr. Charles Webb Emily Webb Joe Crowell Jr. Mrs. Julia Gibbs Dr. Frank F. Gibbs Simon Stimson Mrs. Soames George Gibbs Howie Newsome Rebecca Gibbs Wally Webb Professor Willard Woman in the Balcony Man in the Auditorium Lady in the Box Mrs. Louella Soames Constable Warren Si Crowell Three Baseball Players Sam Craig Joe Stoddard
Date premiered	February 4, 1938
Place premiered	Henry Miller's Theatre New York City, New York
Original language	English
Subject	Life and death in an American small town
Genre	Drama
Setting	1901 to 1913. Grover's Corners, New Hampshire near Massachusetts.

Our Town is a 1938 three-act play by American playwright Thornton Wilder. Set in the fictional American small town of Grover's Corners, the play tells the story of the Webb and Gibbs families as they weave their way through the minutiae of everyday life. In a period spanning from 1899 to 1913, the play follows the characters as they experience love and lose in the pastoral, idyllic town of Grover's Corners. The play is performed with minimal set pieces and the actors often mime their actions without the use of props. In addition, Wilder uses metatheatrical devices, such as narration by a stage manager, throughout the play.

Our Town was first performed at McCarter Theater in Princeton, New Jersey on January 22, 1938. It later went on to success on Broadway and won the Pulitzer Prize for Drama. It remains popular today and revivals are frequent.

Synopsis

Act I: Daily Life

The play begins with the Stage Manager, the narrator of the play, introducing the audience to the minute town of Grover's Corners, New Hampshire, and the people living there as a morning begins in the year 1901. Joe Crowell, one of the characters in the play, delivers the paper to Doc Gibbs, Howie Newsome delivers the milk, and the Gibbs and Webb households get ready to send their children off to school. After the opening introduction, the play begins to focus primarily on the stories of the Gibbs and Webb families. Dr. Gibbs is the town doctor who returns home early this morning after delivering a set of twins to the woman living on the Polish side of town. Mrs. Gibbs greets her husband by asking him to rest before returning to work and telling him that their son George has been neglecting his chores around the house. Rebecca, Dr. and Mrs. Gibbs daughter, frantically asks her mother where her dress is. Mr. Webb is the editor of the local newspaper, and he and his wife have two children named Wally and Emily. After school, George and Emily walk home together. This encounter foreshadows a future relationship between the two teenagers, and George reveals that he wants to be a farmer when he leaves high school. Later on that night, Dr. Gibbs admonishes George for neglecting his chores around the house as the two wait for Mrs. Gibbs to return from a church choir rehearsal. As Mrs. Gibbs and the other singers return from the rehearsal, they discuss the drunken state of the conductor, Simon Stimson. The scene ends with Rebecca and George discussing a strange letter Rebecca's friend received from her minister as the pair admire the bright moon.

Act II: Love and Marriage

Three years pass and George and Emily prepare to wed. The day is filled with stress. Howie Newsome is delivering milk in the pouring rain while Si Crowell, younger brother of Joe, laments how George's baseball talents will be squandered. George pays an awkward visit with his soon-to-be in-laws. Mrs. Webb chides him because a groom should not see his bride until the official ceremony. After Mrs. Webb leaves the room, Mr. Webb advises George to honest, cooperative, and accommodating to his wife-to-be. Here, the Stage Manager interrupts the scene and takes the audience back to the moment when Emily and George fell in love. Emily tells George the he has been acting inconsiderate and prideful since joining the baseball team. However, Emily regrets her admission soon afterward and begins to cry. George takes her to the local drug store and buys her an ice cream soda to make her feel better. He proceeds to tell her that he has decided not to go to college and simply begin working as farmer right after the end of high school.The wedding follows where George, in a fit of nervousness, tells his mother that he is not ready to marry, and Emily tells her father she is not ready to marry either, but they both calm down and accept their proposals happily. During the ceremony, Mrs. Soames makes some the gauche comments about how wonderful the wedding is and how much she loves to go to weddings.

Act III: Death and Dying

The Stage Manager opens the act with a lengthy monologue emphasizing eternity, and introduces us to the cemetery outside of town and the characters who died in the nine years since Act Two: Mrs Gibbs (pneumonia, while traveling), Wally Webb (burst appendix, while camping), Mrs Soames, and Simon Stimson (suicide by hanging), among others. We meet the undertaker, Joe Stoddard, and a young man Sam Craig who has returned home for his cousin's funeral. We learn that his cousin is Emily, who died giving birth to her and George's second child. During the funeral proceedings, Emily comes from the crowd of mourners a joins the rest the dead towns folk. Then Mrs. Gibbs tells her that they must wait and forget the life that came before, but Emily refuses. Despite the warnings of Simon, Mrs. Soames, and Mrs. Gibbs, Emily decides to return to Earth to re-live just one day, her 12th birthday. She finally finds it too painful, and realizes just how much life should be valued, "every, every minute." Poignantly, she asks the Stage Manager whether anyone realizes life while they live it, and is told, "No. The saints and poets, maybe – they do some." She then returns to her grave, beside Mrs. Gibbs, watching impassively as George kneels weeping at her graveside. The Stage Manager concludes the play, and wishes the audience a good night.

Major Themes

Allegory

The theater critic Francis Ferguson points out that Out Town has special allegorical significance. In this respect, Wilder can then be grouped together with contemporaries like Brecht and Eliot who also employed this device in their plays. The idea that life should be lived, "every, every minute" and the the final interaction between Emily and the Stage Manager seem to embody the play's final lesson. Life should be lived as though it is your last day on Earth. This use of allegory also represent a rebellion against naturalistic drama which flourished during the turn of the twentieth century in Europe because it diverts the play's focus away presenting a hyperrealistic depiction of the everyday lives of common folk. Instead, the main point of the play is to communicate what the author views as a universal truth.

The Nuclear Family

Throughout the play, with the possible exception of the third act, the focal points of plot center around the Gibbs and Webb households. Wilder portrays each household as being a harmonious unit comprised of traditional family roles and gender distinctions. The play neither attempts to critique the traditional family unit nor does it criticize gendered power dynamics within the two households. In the end, the play uses the story of the two families as a way of communicating its broader allegorical meaning.

Feminine Ideals

Although "Our Town" does not address or promote feminist ideas, it does value and idealize notions of femininity. The theater critic Min Shen draws attention to the fact that the moon, an object traditionally associated with women, awes many of the characters during the first act. In addition, many virtues traditionally ascribed to women, patience and adaptability to nature for example, find respect and admiration in the plot of the play. Furthermore, the fact that Emily discovers with the audience the revelation that life must be lived to the fullest everyday demonstrates esteem for female understanding.

Characters

• Stage Manager – a narrator, commentator, and guide through Grover's Corners. He joins in the action of the play periodically, as the reverend at the wedding, the soda shop owner, a local townsmen, etc., and speaks directly to Emily after her death.
• Emily Webb – arguably the main character; we follow her from a precocious young girl through her wedding to George Gibbs and her early death.
• George Gibbs – arguably the main character; the boy next door, a kind but irresponsible teenager who matures over time and becomes a responsible husband, father and farmer.
• Frank Gibbs – George's father, the town doctor
• Julia (Hersey) Gibbs – George's mother. She dreams of going to Paris, but doesn't get there. Dies later while visiting her daughter in Ohio. She saved $350 for the trip from the sale of an antique furniture piece, but ultimately willed it to George and Emily.
• Charles Webb – Emily's father, editor of the Grover's Corners Sentinel
• Myrtle Webb – Emily's mother

Secondary characters

• Joe and Si Crowell – local paperboys. Joe's intelligence earns him a full scholarship to MIT where he graduates at the top of his class. His promise will be cut short on the fields of France during World War I, according to the Stage Manager. Both he and his brother Si hold marriage in high disdain.
• Simon Stimson – the choir director and church organist. We never learn the root cause of his alcoholism and later suicide. He is still bitter and cynical beyond the grave.
• Howie Newsome – the milkman, a fixture of Grover's Corners.
• Rebecca Gibbs – George's younger sister. Later elopes with a traveling salesman and settles in Ohio.
• Wally Webb – Emily's younger brother. Dies of a burst appendix on a Boy Scout camping trip.
• Professor Willard – a rather long-winded lecturer
• Woman in Auditorium – concerned with temperance
• Man in Auditorium – concerned with social justice
• Another Woman in Auditorium – concerned with culture and beauty
• Mrs. Louella Soames – a gossipy townswoman and member of the choir
• Constable Bill Warren – the policeman
• Three Baseball Players – who mock George at the wedding
• Joe Stoddard – the undertaker
• Sam Craig – a nephew of Mrs Gibbs who left town to seek his fortune. He came back after 12 years in Buffalo for Emily's funeral.
• Dead Man
• Dead Woman
• Mr. Carter
• Farmer McCarty
• Bessie – Howie Newsome's horse (visible to the characters, but not the audience)

Composition

Wilder wrote the play while in his 30s. In June 1937, he lived in the MacDowell Colony in Peterborough, New Hampshire, one of the many locations where he worked on the play. During a visit to Zürich in September 1937, it is believed he drafted the entire third act in one day after a long evening walk in the rain with a friend, author Samuel Morris Steward.

Setting

The play is set in the fictional community of Grover's Corners, New Hampshire. The narrator gives the coordinates of Grover's Corners as 42°40′ north latitude and 70°37′ west longitude, which is in Massachusetts, about a thousand feet off the coast of Rockport. The author also refers to the town of Concord.

Style

Wilder was dissatisfied with the theatre of his time: "I felt that something had gone wrong....I began to feel that the theatre was not only inadequate, it was evasive." His response was to use a metatheatrical style. Our Town's narrator, the Stage Manager, is completely aware of his relationship with the audience, leaving him free to break the fourth wall and address them directly. According to the script, the play is to be performed with little scenery, no set and minimal props. The characters mime the objects with which they interact. Their surroundings are created only with chairs, tables, staircases, and ladders. For example, the scene in which Emily helps George with his evening homework, conversing through upstairs windows, is performed with the two actors standing atop separate ladders to represent their neighboring houses. Wilder once said: "Our claim, our hope, our despair are in the mind – not in things, not in 'scenery.' "

Production history

Our Town was first performed at McCarter Theater in Princeton, New Jersey on January 22, 1938. It next opened at the Wilbur Theatre in Boston, Massachusetts on January 25, 1938. Its New York City debut was on February 4, 1938 at Henry Miller's Theatre, and later moved to the Morosco Theatre; this production was produced and directed by Jed Harris. Wilder received the Pulitzer Prize for Drama in 1938 for the work.

In 1946, the Soviet Union prevented a production of Our Town in the Russian sector of occupied Berlin "on the grounds that the drama is too depressing and could inspire a German suicide wave."

Awards

• 1938 Pulitzer Prize for Drama
• 1989 Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Revival
• 1989 Tony Award for Best Revival

Adaptations

Hal Holbrook as the Stage Manager in the 1977 TV adaptation.

The play has been adapted numerous times:

• Our Town was first performed on radio May 12, 1939, on The Campbell Playhouse. The cast included Orson Welles as the Stage Manager, John Craven of the original stage production as George Gibbs, and Patricia Newton as Emily Webb.
• Our Town (1940 film), adaptation starring Martha Scott as Emily and William Holden as George Gibbs, with an original music score composed by Aaron Copland. Many members of the original cast repeated their roles in this film, although the ending was changed so that Emily lived.
• Our Town (1940 radio), on May 6, 1940, a radio version was performed by many of the same film actors for Lux Radio Theater.
• Our Town (television), a live musical 1955 TV adaptation on Producers' Showcase starring Frank Sinatra as the Stage Manager, Paul Newman as George Gibbs, and Eva Marie Saint as Emily. The first and only musical version of the play to be telecast (so far).
• Our Town, a 1977 television adaptation of the play, starring Hal Holbrook as the Stage Manager, Robby Benson as George Gibbs and Glynnis O'Connor as Emily Webb.
• Grover's Corners, a 1987 musical adaptation performed at the Marriott Theatre.
• Our Town, a 1989 telecast of a Lincoln Center stage production starring Spalding Gray, Frances Conroy, Penelope Ann Miller, and Eric Stoltz
• OT: Our Town, a 2002 documentary by Scott Hamilton Kennedy about a production of the play by Dominguez High School in Compton, California
• Our Town (2003 film), a made-for-TV adaptation of a 2002 Broadway revival starring Paul Newman, this time as the Stage Manager
• Our Town (opera), an operatic version of the play with music by Ned Rorem
• An award-winning revival of Our Town opened at the Barrow Street Theatre on February 26, 2009. The production was directed by David Cromer, who also performed the role of Stage Manager for much of the show's run. Upon closing, the production had played four preview and 644 regular performances, making it the longest-running production of the play in its history. In addition to Cromer, other notable actors who performed in the role of Stage Manager included Helen Hunt, Michael McKean, Jason Butler Harner, Stephen Kunken and Michael Shannon.
• In 1994 Philip Jerry choreographed a balletic adaptation set to the music of Aaron Copeland and has been by the American Repertory Ballet in Princeton, New Jersey in the decades since its premiere.

Further reading

• Wilder, Thornton (1938). Our Town: A Play in Three Acts. New York: Coward McCann, Inc. pp. 128 pp. OCLC 773139.

External links

• ​Colterlena/sandbox​ at the Internet Broadway Database
• 'Our Town' Teaching and Reading Educational Materials; by The Thornton Wilder Society
• Cummings Study Guide of "Our Town"
• Our Town 1940 film; free download at archive.org
• Two authorized productions on DVD
• 'Our Town' Plot Summary and Critical Analysis; by The Thornton Wilder Society
• Documentary Video on the legacy of 'Our Town'; by The Thornton Wilder Society

Category:1938 plays Category:Broadway plays Category:Drama Desk Award winning plays Category:Pulitzer Prize for Drama-winning works Category:Plays by Thornton Wilder Category:Tony Award winning plays Category:West End plays Category:Plays set in New Hampshire