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Old Goa

Coordinates: 15°30′11″N 73°54′43″E / 15.503°N 73.912°E / 15.503; 73.912
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(Redirected from Portuguese Goa State)
This article is about 2nd capital of Portuguese India. For the town in North Goa (and 1st capital of Portuguese India), see Goa Velha. For the UNESCO World Heritage Site, see Churches and Convents of Goa.

Old Goa
Pornnem Gõy, Adlem Gõy (Konkani)
Velha Goa (Portuguese)
City
Old Goa is located in Goa
Old Goa
Old Goa
Old Goa is located in India
Old Goa
Old Goa
Coordinates: 15°30′11″N 73°54′43″E / 15.503°N 73.912°E / 15.503; 73.912
Country India
StateGoa
DistrictNorth Goa
Sub DistrictIlhas
Established1510
Founded byAfonso Albuquerque
Named for"Old Goa" in Portuguese
Government
 • TypePanchayat
 • SarpanchJanita Pandurang Madkaikar[1]
Area
 • Total4 km2 (2 sq mi)
Elevation
6 m (20 ft)
Population
 (2011)
 • Total2,550
 • Density640/km2 (1,700/sq mi)
Languages
 • OfficialKonkani
 • Also SpokenEnglish, Portuguese
 • HistoricalPortuguese
Religions[2]
 • DominantRoman Catholicism
 • MinorHinduism
 • HistoricalRoman Catholicism
Time zoneUTC+5:30 (IST)
Postcode
403403
Telephone Code0832

Old Goa (Konkani: Pornnem Gõy; Adlem Gõy; Portuguese: Velha Goa, lit. ''Old Goa'') is a historical site and city situated on the southern banks of the River Mandovi, within the Tiswadi taluka (Ilhas) of North Goa district, in the Indian state of Goa.

The city was established by the Bijapur Sultanate in the 15th century AD. After the Portuguese conquest of Goa, it served as capital of Portuguese Indian possessions, such as Mumbai/Bombay (Bom Bahia) territory and the state of Kochi/Cochin (Cochim), until its abandonment in the 18th century AD due to a plague. Under Portuguese rule, it is said to have been a city of nearly 200,000 people, from whence the spice trade was carried out across the Portuguese East Indies. The deserted city, containing churches and convents of outstanding architectural and religious importance, has been declared a World Heritage Site by the UNESCO.[3] Old Goa is approximately 10 kilometres (6.2 miles) east of the current state capital of Panjim (Portuguese: Nova Goa, lit. ''New Goa'').

Etymology

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Statue dedicated to the Sacred Heart of Jesus erected opposite the Cathedral of the Archdiocese of Goa and Daman, on the occasion of 400 years of the establishment of the Archdiocese in 1957

The name "Old Goa" was first used in the 1960s in the address of the Romi Konkani monthly magazine, dedicated to spread the devotion of the Sacred Heart of Jesus, Dor Mhoineachi Rotti, which was shifted to the Basilica of Bom Jesus in 1964. Postal letters were returned to the sender, as the name "Old Goa" was unknown then, according to then- and long-time editor of the monthly, the great Goan historian late Father Moreno de Souza, S.J.

The village panchayat uses the name Sé-Old Goa, while the lndia Post and the Archaeological Survey of India use the name Velha Goa.

The place is popularly called Saibachem Gõy (referring to Saint Francis Xavier as Saib, i.e., Master), Pornnem Gõy, Adlem Gõy, or simply just Gõy in Konkani.[citation needed]

Velha Goa should not be confused with Goa Velha lying a few miles away. The names Vhoddlem Gõy and Thorlem Gõy ("Big Goa") refer to Goa Velha; while Gõy, besides referring to Velha Goa ("Old Goa"), also generally refers to the entire Goa state.[4]

History

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The city was founded in the 15th century as a port on the banks of the Mandovi river by the rulers of the Bijapur Sultanate. It was built to replace Govapuri, which lay a few kilometres to the south and had been used as a port by the Kadamba and Vijayanagar kings. Old Goa was the second capital after Bijapur of the rule of Adil Shahi Dynasty. It was surrounded by a moat and contained the shah's palace, mosques, and temples. The city was captured by the Portuguese and was under Portuguese rule from 1510 as the administrative seat of Portuguese India.

The viceroy's residence was transferred in 1759 to the future capital, Panjim (a village about 9 kilometres to its west). Few remnants, if any, of the pre-Portuguese period remain at Old Goa.

During the mid-16th century, the Portuguese colony of Goa, especially Velha Goa, was the center of Christianisation in the East.[5] The city was evangelized by all religious orders, since all of them had their headquarters there.[6] The population was roughly 200,000 by 1543. Malaria and cholera epidemics ravaged the city in the 17th century and it was largely abandoned, only having a remaining population of 1,500 in 1775. It was then that the viceroy moved to Panjim. It continued to be the de jure capital of Goa until 1843, when the capital was shifted to Panjim (Ponnjê in Konkani, Nova Goa in Portuguese and Panaji in Hindi). The abandoned city came to be known as "Velha Goa" (in Portuguese, 'Old Goa'), to distinguish it from the new capital Nova Goa (Panjim) and probably also Goa Velha (also meaning "Old Goa"), which was the Portuguese name for the town on the old site of Govapuri.

Velha Goa was incorporated into the Republic of India after its annexation in 1961, with the rest of Goa. It retains its religious significance in modern-day Goa, notably in its relations with Roman Catholicism. The Archbishop of Goa and Daman holds title as the Patriarch of the East Indies. Unlike the patriarchs and the major archbishops of the Eastern Catholic Churches, the Patriarch of the East Indies only enjoys honorary title and is fully subject to the Pope. He has a place in the Latin Church similar to the Patriarchs of Venice and Lisbon. This title was conferred upon the Archbishop of Goa as part of a settlement between the Holy See and the Portuguese government concerning the link between religious and political aspects of its territories.

Churches of Old Goa

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Old Goa contains churches including the Se Cathedral (the seat of the Archbishop of Goa), the Church and Convent of St. Francis of Assisi, the Chapel of Our Lady of the Mount, the Church of St. Caetano and, notably, the Basilica of Bom Jesus which contains the relics of Saint Francis Xavier, who is celebrated every year on 3 December with novenas beginning on 24 November.

Old Goa Church view
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Location

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See also

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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Velha Goa.

Notes

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  1. ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 January 2017. Retrieved 18 March 2016.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  2. ^ "Goa Velha Census Town City Population Census 2011-2020 | Goa".
  3. ^ "Churches and Convents of Goa". UNESCO World Heritage Convention. United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization. Retrieved 18 June 2023.
  4. ^ Fr. Moreno de Souza, S.J. Dor Mhoineachi Rotti. July 2001.
  5. ^ de Mendonça 2002, p. 67
  6. ^ Meersman 1971, p. 107

References

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