Portal:Mexico

The Temple of Warriors at Chichen Itza, Mexico ¡Bienvenido! Welcome to the Mexico portal Mexico Flag Coat of arms Location Southern portion of North America Mexico, officially the United Mexican States, is a country in the southern portion of North America. Covering 1,972,550 km2 (761,610 sq mi), it is the world's 13th largest country by area; with a population of almost 130 million, it is the 10th most populous country and has the most Spanish speakers in the world. Mexico is a constitutional republic comprising 31 states and Mexico City, its capital and largest city, which is among the world's most populous metropolitan areas. The country borders the United States to the north; as well as Guatemala and Belize to the southeast. It has maritime borders with the Pacific Ocean to the west, the Caribbean Sea to the southeast, and the Gulf of Mexico to the east. Human presence in Pre-Columbian Mexico dates back to 8,000 BC as one of six cradles of civilization. Mesoamerica hosted civilizations including the Olmec, Maya, Zapotec, Teotihuacan, and Purepecha. Aztec domination of the area preceded Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire, which established the colony of New Spain centered in the former capital, Tenochtitlan (now Mexico City). The Mexican War of Independence in the early 19th century was followed by political and socioeconomic upheaval. The Mexican–American War resulted in significant territorial losses in 1848. Liberal reforms introduced in the Constitution of 1857 prompted domestic conflict, French intervention, and the establishment of an Empire, countered by the Republican resistance led by Benito Juárez. The rise of Porfirio Díaz's dictatorship in the 19th century sparked the Mexican Revolution in 1910, which led to profound changes, such as the 1917 Constitution. Over the 20th century, Mexico experienced significant economic growth; as well as issues of repression and electoral fraud. The late 20th century saw a shift towards neoliberal policies, exemplified by the signing of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) in 1994, amidst unrest in Chiapas. (Full article...) Featured article - This is a Featured article, which represents some of the best content on English Wikipedia. The Battle of San Patricio was fought on February 27, 1836, between Texian rebels and the Mexican army, during the Texas Revolution. The battle occurred as a result of the outgrowth of the Texian Matamoros Expedition. The battle marked the start of the Goliad Campaign, the Mexican offensive to retake the Texas Gulf Coast. It took place in and around San Patricio. By the end of 1835, all Mexican troops had been driven from Texas. Frank W. Johnson, the commander of the volunteer army in Texas, and James Grant gathered volunteers for a planned invasion of the Mexican port town of Matamoros. In February 1836, Johnson and about 40 men led a herd of horses to San Patricio in preparation for the expedition. Johnson assigned some of his troops to a ranch 4 miles (6.4 km) outside town to guard the horses, while the rest of his men garrisoned in three different locations in town. (Full article...) List of Featured articles Olmec colossal heads Texas Revolution Hurricane Kenna Mayan languages Battle of the Alamo Chicxulub crater Nahuatl Grass Fight Segundo Romance Convention of 1833 Battle of Agua Dulce Aries (album) Municipalities of Baja California Maya stelae Pinguicula moranensis Fredonian Rebellion Hurricane Lane (2006) CMLL World Light Heavyweight Championship Convention of 1832 Battle of Lipantitlán Amarte Es un Placer (album) Romance (Luis Miguel album) Selected article - Clockwise from top: Winfield Scott entering Plaza de la Constitución after the Fall of Mexico City, U.S. soldiers engaging the retreating Mexican force during the Battle of Resaca de la Palma, U.S. victory at Churubusco outside of Mexico City, Marines storming Chapultepec castle under a large U.S. flag, Battle of Cerro Gordo The Mexican–American War, also known in the United States as the Mexican War, and in Mexico as the United States intervention in Mexico, was an invasion of Mexico by the United States Army from 1846 to 1848. It followed the 1845 American annexation of Texas, which Mexico still considered its territory because it refused to recognize the Treaties of Velasco, signed by President Antonio López de Santa Anna after he was captured by the Texian Army during the 1836 Texas Revolution. The Republic of Texas was de facto an independent country, but most of its Anglo-American citizens who had moved from the United States to Texas after 1822 wanted to be annexed by the United States. Sectional politics over slavery in the United States had previously prevented annexation because Texas would have been admitted as a slave state, upsetting the balance of power between Northern free states and Southern slave states. In the 1844 United States presidential election, Democrat James K. Polk was elected on a platform of expanding U.S. territory to Oregon, California (also a Mexican territory), and Texas by any means, with the 1845 annexation of Texas furthering that goal. However, the boundary between Texas and Mexico was disputed, with the Republic of Texas and the U.S. asserting it to be the Rio Grande and Mexico claiming it to be the more-northern Nueces River. Polk sent a diplomatic mission to Mexico in an attempt to buy the disputed territory, together with California and everything in between for $25 million (equivalent to $778 million in 2023), an offer the Mexican government refused. Polk then sent a group of 80 soldiers across the disputed territory to the Rio Grande, ignoring Mexican demands to withdraw. Mexican forces interpreted this as an attack and repelled the U.S. forces on April 25, 1846, a move which Polk used to convince the Congress of the United States to declare war. (Full article...) List of selected articles Mexico City Chichen Itza Day of the Dead Mexican Drug War Palenque 1985 Mexico City earthquake Cabo San Lucas Economy of Mexico Cancún Revillagigedo Islands Ciudad Nezahualcóyotl Historic center of Mexico City Tijuana LGBT rights in Mexico Guadalajara Mexican Revolution History of the Catholic Church in Mexico Bajío Volkswagen Beetle in Mexico Tourism in Mexico Puebla (city) Avocado production in Mexico Franciscan Missions in the Sierra Gorda TV Azteca Laredo–Nuevo Laredo North American Free Trade Agreement Tequila Ciudad Juárez Mexican muralism Popular fixed markets in Mexico Oaxaca Mexico national football team Mexican War of Independence Monterrey Dirty War (Mexico) COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico Ciudad Juárez cobalt-60 contamination incident National Autonomous University of Mexico Matamoros, Tamaulipas 1970 FIFA World Cup 1968 Summer Olympics Selected picture El Ángel de la Independencia (The Angel of Independence), at Paseo de la Reforma in downtown Mexico City. image credit: SDOs Good article - This is a Good article, an article that meets a core set of high editorial standards. Adult perched in a honey mesquite tree The cactus wren (Campylorhynchus brunneicapillus) is a species of wren that is endemic to the deserts of the southwestern United States and northern and central Mexico. It is the state bird of Arizona, and the largest wren in the United States. Its plumage is brown, with black and white spots as markings. It has a distinctive white eyebrow that sweeps to the nape of the neck. The chest is white, whereas the underparts are cinnamon-buff colored. Both sexes appear similar. The tail, as well as flight feathers, are barred in black and white. Their song is a loud raspy chirrup; akin in the description of some ornithologists to the sound of a car engine that will not start. It is well-adapted to its native desert environment, and the birds can meet their water needs from their diet which consists chiefly of insects, but also of some plant matter. The cactus wren is a poor flier and generally forages for food on the ground. Ornithologists generally recognize seven subspecies, with the exact taxonomy under dispute. Its common name derives from their frequenting desert cactus plants such as the saguaro and cholla, building nests, roosting, and seeking protection from predators among them. Its bulky and globular nests are constructed of plant material and lined with feathers. They do not migrate; instead, they establish and defend the territories around their nests where they live all year-round. It lives in pairs, or as family groups from late spring through winter. Pairing among cactus wrens is monogamous; in each breeding season, the males chiefly build nests, the females incubate eggs, and both parents feed the young. (Full article...) List of Good articles Grolier Codex Gadsden Purchase Hasta la Raíz Sésamo Máscara Dorada Unomásuno Lola Álvarez Bravo Todos Los Romances Toniná Torreón massacre Hells Bells (cave formations) El Ejemplo Nazario Moreno González 2018 Mexico City ePrix Mexico City Metropolitan Cathedral Así Fue Mexican National Women's Championship Mexican National Trios Championship Mis Romances Mis Boleros Favoritos Hotelito Desconocido Jerry Estrada María Santos Gorrostieta Salazar Mario Ramírez Treviño Ángel de Oro Villano III Último Guerrero Antonio Cárdenas Guillén Aztecazo 1959 Mexico hurricane 1 May 2015 Jalisco attacks Selected biography - Kahlo in 1932 Magdalena Carmen Frida Kahlo y Calderón (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈfɾiða ˈkalo]; 6 July 1907 – 13 July 1954) was a Mexican painter known for her many portraits, self-portraits, and works inspired by the nature and artifacts of Mexico. Inspired by the country's popular culture, she employed a naïve folk art style to explore questions of identity, postcolonialism, gender, class, and race in Mexican society. Her paintings often had strong autobiographical elements and mixed realism with fantasy. In addition to belonging to the post-revolutionary Mexicayotl movement, which sought to define a Mexican identity, Kahlo has been described as a surrealist or magical realist. She is also known for painting about her experience of chronic pain. Born to a German father and a mestiza mother (of Purépecha descent), Kahlo spent most of her childhood and adult life at La Casa Azul, her family home in Coyoacán – now publicly accessible as the Frida Kahlo Museum. Although she was disabled by polio as a child, Kahlo had been a promising student headed for medical school until being injured in a bus accident at the age of 18, which caused her lifelong pain and medical problems. During her recovery, she returned to her childhood interest in art with the idea of becoming an artist. (Full article...) List of selected biographies Vicente Fox Porfirio Díaz Juan Diego Emiliano Zapata Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla Cantinflas Pancho Villa Antonio López de Santa Anna Chespirito Agustín de Iturbide Maximilian I of Mexico Benito Juárez Carlos Slim Diego Rivera Francisco I. Madero Juana Inés de la Cruz Carlos Salinas de Gortari Miguel de la Madrid In the news 24 November 2024 – Six people are killed and five others are injured after a mass shooting at a bar in Villahermosa, Tabasco, Mexico. (AP) 10 November 2024 – Mexican drug war Ten people are killed and seven others are injured in a mass shooting at a bar in Querétaro, Mexico. (CBS News) 1 November 2024 – Three people, including a local leader of the Santa Muerte religious movement, are killed and eight others are injured in a mass shooting in León, Guanajuato, Mexico. (AP) 30 October 2024 – At least twelve workers are killed and another is injured in an explosion at a steel plant in Xaloztoc, Tlaxcala, Mexico. (Reuters) (Milenio) 28 October 2024 – Mexican Drug War In the last four days, at least 34 people have been killed in Tecpan de Galeana, Guerrero, Mexico, in cartel ambushes and clashes. Mexican police arrest 21 people, including sixteen Guatemalan and Salvadoran nationals. (Revista Proceso) (El Debate) 28 October 2024 – A team of archaeologists announce the discovery of more than 6,000 ancient Mayan structures hidden by vegetation in the southeastern Mexican state of Campeche, including a city of pyramids they dubbed Valeriana. (DW) Selected fare or cuisine - Huachinango a la Veracruzana (Snapper Veracruz style) The cuisine of Veracruz is the regional cooking of Veracruz, a Mexican state along the Gulf of Mexico. Its cooking is characterized by three main influences—indigenous, Spanish, and Afro-Cuban—per its history, which included the arrival of the Spanish and of enslaved people from Africa and the Caribbean. These influences have contributed many ingredients to the cooking including native vanilla, corn and seafood, along with rice, spices and tubers. How much the three mix depending on the area of the state, with some areas more heavily favoring one or another. The state has worked to promote its cuisine both in Mexico and abroad as part of its tourism industry. (Full article...) List of fare/cuisine articles Mexican cuisine Cuisine of Chiapas Crema (dairy product) Aztec cuisine Oaxacan cuisine Mole sauce Guacamole Enchilada Mexican breads Nachos Burrito Mexican street food Pozole Cheeses of Mexico Taco Pan dulce Mexican wine Sopa de fideo Tostilocos Beer in Mexico Calavera Champurrado Mexican Coke Menudo (soup) General images The following are images from various Mexico-related articles on Wikipedia. The Execution of Emperor Maximilian, 19 June 1867. Gen. Tomás Mejía, left, Maximilian, center, Gen. Miguel Miramón, right. Painting by Édouard Manet 1868. (from History of Mexico) Portrait and book by Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz, Baroque poet and writer. (from Culture of Mexico) Distribution of linguistic groups around 1500. (from Culture of Mexico) A unit of Cristeros preparing for battle. (from History of Mexico) Subcomandante Marcos (from History of Mexico) Making cigarettes in the El Buen Tono factory, Mexico City (from History of Mexico) Entry into Mexico City by the Mexican army (from History of Mexico) Victoriano Huerta, ruler of Mexico from 1913 to 1914 (from History of Mexico) Ignacio Comonfort significant role during the tumultuous period of the mid-19th century, including the Reform War and early stages of the Mexican Republic's transition. (from History of Mexico) Battle of Miahuatlán took place on 3 October 1866. The liberal victory at Miahuatlán was significant because it allowed them to consolidate their control over southern Mexico and advance their agenda of liberal reforms (from History of Mexico) Lázaro Cárdenas mural (from History of Mexico) Shield Jaguar and Lady Xoc, Maya, lintel 24 of temple 23, Yaxchilan, Mexico, ca. 725 ce. (from History of Mexico) Goddess, mural painting from the Tetitla apartment complex at Teotihuacan, Mexico, 650–750 CE (from History of Mexico) General Pancho Villa at the entrance of Ojinaga (from History of Mexico) Chacmool, Maya, from the Platform of the Eagles, Chichen Itza, Mexico, ca. 800–90 CE (from History of Mexico) A statue of a Chichimeca Warrior in the city of Querétaro (from History of Mexico) La huida a Egipto (The Flight into Egypt). Miguel Cabrera, around 1700. (from Culture of Mexico) Panel 3 from Cancuen, Guatemala, representing king T'ah 'ak' Cha'an (from History of Mexico) General Santa Anna known for his leadership during the Texas Revolution, Mexican-American War, and turbulent periods of Mexican history marked by political instability and territorial losses. (from History of Mexico) Mexican Central Railway train at station, Mexico (from History of Mexico) Buffalo Soldiers of the American 10th Cavalry Regiment taken prisoner during the Battle of Carrizal, Mexico in 1916. (from History of Mexico) Mexican Army troops in the Zócalo in the 1968 Tlatelolco massacre. (from History of Mexico) Sawdust carpet made during "The night no one sleeps" in Huamantla, Tlaxcala (from Culture of Mexico) Agustín de Iturbide the first Emperor of Mexico in 1822 after leading the Mexican War of Independence against Spain, but his reign was short-lived, lasting only until 1823 when he abdicated, and Mexico transitioned to a republic. (from History of Mexico) Spanish and Portuguese empires in 1790 (from History of Mexico) Surrender of Santa Anna by William Henry Huddle shows the Mexican president and general surrendering to a wounded Sam Houston in 1836. (from History of Mexico) La leyenda de los volcanes (The legend of the volcanoes). Saturnino Herrán. 1910–1912. (from Culture of Mexico) Chihuahua Cathedral and a monument to the city's founder, Antonio Deza y Ulloa (from History of Mexico) Dining table, painted between 1857 y 1859, oleo sobre tela (oil on canvas) by Agustín Arrieta (from Culture of Mexico) Logo of the Partido Nacional Revolucionario, with the colors of the Mexican flag (from History of Mexico) Plutarco Elías Calles politician and revolutionary general who served as President of Mexico from 1924 to 1928, known for his role in shaping modern Mexico through reforms and the consolidation of state power. (from History of Mexico) Liberación (Liberation). Jorge González Camarena. 1908. (from Culture of Mexico) The Castillo, Chichen Itza, Mexico, ca. 800–900 CE (from History of Mexico) The Volkswagen Beetle, known in Mexico as the "Vocho," is perhaps the most iconic classic car in the country. Its production in Mexico began in 1967, and it continued until 2003, making it a symbol of Mexican automotive culture. (from Culture of Mexico) Modern group monument of Cortés, Doña Marina, and their mestizo son Martín (from History of Mexico) April 2, 1867. Entry of General Porfirio Díaz into Puebla. (from History of Mexico) The Zócalo (from Culture of Mexico) Comanchería, territory controlled by the Comanches, prior to 1850 (from History of Mexico) Fireworks in Mexico City for New Year's Day. (from Culture of Mexico) Cerro del Cubilete ("Dice Cup Hill"). At the top of the hill is the Cristo Rey (Christ the King) statue. (from Culture of Mexico) Viceroy José de Iturrigaray (from History of Mexico) Porfirio Díaz dominant Mexican political and military figure who served as President for much of the late 19th and early 20th centuries, characterized by his long rule and the modernization efforts known as the Porfiriato. (from History of Mexico) 1985 Mexico City earthquake (from History of Mexico) President Vicente Fox with Prime Minister of India Manmohan Singh (from History of Mexico) Battle of Centla, the first time a horse was used in battle in a war in the Americas. Mural in the Palacio Municipal of Paraíso, Tabasco (from History of Mexico) Logo of Nacional Financiera (NAFIN), the state development bank. (from History of Mexico) José Pablo Moncayo known for his orchestral works, particularly "Huapango" (from Culture of Mexico) Olmec colossal (from History of Mexico) Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz (from History of Mexico) Mexico City street market (from History of Mexico) El Chapo in US custody after his extradition from Mexico. (from History of Mexico) Singer and actor Pedro Infante, one of the leading figures of the Golden Age of Mexican Cinema. (from Culture of Mexico) Plaza de las Tres Culturas (from Culture of Mexico) The first Braceros arrive in Los Angeles by train in 1942. Photograph by Dorothea Lange. (from History of Mexico) U.S. President Barack Obama and Mexican President-Elect Enrique Peña Nieto during their meet at the White House following Peña Nieto's election victory. (from History of Mexico) Variegated maize ears (from History of Mexico) Exconvento (Ex-convent), by José María Velasco. 1860. (from Culture of Mexico) President Carranza in La Cañada, Querétaro, January 22, 1916. (from History of Mexico) President Felipe Calderón with President of Brazil Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva. (from History of Mexico) Three world leaders: (background, left to right) Mexican President Carlos Salinas de Gortari, U.S. President George H. W. Bush, and Canadian Prime Minister Brian Mulroney, observe the signing of the North American Free Trade Agreement. (from History of Mexico) Colossal atlantids, pyramid B, Toltec, Tula, Mexico, ca. 900–1180 AD (from History of Mexico) Pear, Quince and Psidium cajeta. In 2010 declared the Bicentennial Dessert of Mexico. (from Culture of Mexico) Equestrian statue of Charles IV in Mexico City (from History of Mexico) "The Torture of Cuauhtémoc", a 19th-century painting by Leandro Izaguirre (from History of Mexico) Matches between Club América and Cruz Azul at the Estadio Azteca, known as the "Clásico Joven." (from Culture of Mexico) Gilberto Bosques Saldívar took the initiative to rescue tens of thousands of Jews and Spanish Republican exiles from being deported to Nazi Germany or Spain. (from History of Mexico) Cabinet Officers of Andrés Manuel López Obrador (left) and of Enrique Peña Nieto (right). (from History of Mexico) A map of Mexico 1845 after Texas annexation by the U.S. (from History of Mexico) Battle of Tampico (1829) a conflict between Mexican forces led by General Antonio López de Santa Anna and Spanish loyalists attempting to reconquer Mexico, resulting in a decisive Mexican victory that further solidified Mexico's independence from Spain. (from History of Mexico) President Obregón. Note that he lost his right arm in the Battle of Celaya (1915), earning him the nickname of Manco de Celaya ("the one-armed man of Celaya"). (from History of Mexico) Toltec carving representing the Aztec Eagle, found in Veracruz, 10th–13th century. Metropolitan Museum of Art. (from History of Mexico) Murals of Bonampak (between 580 and 800 AD) (from Culture of Mexico) "The Fall of the Alamo" by Robert Jenkins Onderdonk (from History of Mexico) Teotihuacan view of the Avenue of the Dead and the Pyramid of the Sun, from the Pyramid of the Moon (from History of Mexico) Categories Category puzzle Select [►] to view subcategories Mexico Mexico-related lists Buildings and structures in Mexico Culture of Mexico Economy of Mexico Education in Mexico Environment of Mexico Geography of Mexico Government of Mexico Health in Mexico History of Mexico Organizations based in Mexico Mexican people Politics of Mexico Society of Mexico Sport in Mexico Images of Mexico Mexico stubs Topics Related portals WikiProject You are invited to participate in WikiProject Mexico, a WikiProject dedicated to developing and improving articles about Mexico. 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