Himalayacetus

Himalayacetus; Temporal range: Early Eocene, 53.5 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N ↓
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Mammalia
Order:	Artiodactyla
Infraorder:	Cetacea
Family:	†Ambulocetidae
Genus:	†Himalayacetus; Bajpai & Gingerich, 1998
Species:	†H. subathuensis
Binomial name
	†Himalayacetus subathuensis; Bajpai & Gingerich, 1998

Himalayacetus is an extinct genus of carnivorous aquatic mammal of the family Ambulocetidae. The holotype was found in Himachal Pradesh, India, (31°00′N 77°00′E / 31.0°N 77.0°E / 31.0; 77.0: paleocoordinates 3°30′N 69°42′E / 3.5°N 69.7°E / 3.5; 69.7)^[2] in what was the remnants of the ancient Tethys Ocean during the Early Eocene. This makes Himalayacetus the oldest archaeocete known, extending the fossil record of whales some 3.5 million years.^[3]

Himalayacetus lived in the ancient coastline of the ancient Tethys Ocean before the Indian Plate had collided with the Cimmerian coast. Like Gandakasia, Himalayacetus is only known from a single jaw fragment, making comparisons to other ambulocetids difficult.^[4]

Description

Upon its discovery, Himalayacetus was described as a pakicetid because the dentary has a small mandibular canal and a dentition similar to Pakicetus.^[3] Thewissen, Williams & Hussain 2001 assigned Himalaycetus to the ambulocetids.

Etymology

Himalayacetus was named by Bajpai & Gingerich 1998. Its type is Himalayacetus subathuensis after the Himalayas, cetus, "whale", and the Subathu Formation, the type locality.^[5]

Taxonomy

It was considered monophyletic by Uhen (2010). It was assigned to Pakicetidae by Bajpai and Gingerich (1998) and McLeod and Barnes (2008); and to Ambulocetidae by Thewissen et al. (2001) and Uhen (2010).^[6]

Notes

^ ^a ^b Bajpai & Gingerich 1998.
^ Kuthar Nala (Eocene of India) in the Paleobiology Database. Retrieved June 2013.
^ ^a ^b Bajpai & Gingerich 1998, Abstract
^ Thewissen, JGM. "Ambulocetidae: The First Coastal Whales". Archived from the original on 3 April 2013. Retrieved 1 February 2013.
^ Bajpai & Gingerich 1998, p. 15464
^ Himalayacetus in the Paleobiology Database. Retrieved June 2013.

References

Bajpai, Sunil; Gingerich, Philip D (December 1998). "A new Eocene archaeocete (Mammalia, Cetacea) from India and the time of origin of whales" (PDF). PNAS. 95 (26): 15464–68. Bibcode:1998PNAS...9515464B. doi:10.1073/pnas.95.26.15464. OCLC 678707438. PMC 28065. PMID 9860991.
Thewissen, J. G. M.; Williams, E. M.; Hussain, S.T. (2001). "Eocene mammal faunas from northern Indo-Pakistan" (PDF). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 21 (2): 347–66. doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2001)021[0347:EMFFNI]2.0.CO;2. OCLC 631973716. S2CID 130701636.

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[FOOTNOTEBajpaiGingerich1998-1] Bajpai & Gingerich 1998.

[2] Kuthar Nala (Eocene of India) in the Paleobiology Database. Retrieved June 2013.

[PNAS-1998-Abst-3] Bajpai & Gingerich 1998, Abstract

[4] Thewissen, JGM. "Ambulocetidae: The First Coastal Whales". Archived from the original on 3 April 2013. Retrieved 1 February 2013.

[5] Bajpai & Gingerich 1998, p. 15464

[6] Himalayacetus in the Paleobiology Database. Retrieved June 2013.

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