Forward Wind Energy Center
Forward Wind Energy Center | |
---|---|
Country | United States |
Location | near Brownsville, Wisconsin |
Coordinates | 43°36′58″N 88°30′44″W / 43.61611°N 88.51222°W |
Status | Operational |
Construction began | 2007 |
Commission date | 2008 |
Owners | Wisconsin Public Service (44.6%) Wisconsin Power & Light (42.6%) Madison Gas and Electric (12.8%) |
Wind farm | |
Type | Onshore |
Power generation | |
Units operational | 86 turbines |
Make and model | GE 1.6sle 1.6 MW GE 1.85sle 1.85 MW |
Nameplate capacity | 137.85 MW |
Capacity factor | 27.7% (average 2009-2017) |
Annual net output | 335 GW·h |
The Forward Wind Energy Center is a 137.85 megawatt (MW) wind farm in Dodge and Fond du Lac County, Wisconsin near the village of Brownsville. The wind farm sits on approximately 4,000 acres of land.[1] "Forward" is the state's motto. The facility is sited in close proximity to the Horicon National Wildlife Refuge and the Horicon Marsh State Wildlife Area which provide nesting areas for waterfowl and a resting area for large numbers of migratory birds.[2]
The project cost approximately $178 million dollars (2008 purchase price).[1]
Details
[edit]The project was developed by Invenergy and initially proposed in 2004 to be a 200 MW facility with 133 wind turbines. The draft environmental impact statement (EIS) was submitted on March 8, 2005.[3] After a 45-day public comment and review period, the final environmental impact statement was submitted on May 18, 2005. The project area contained within the final environmental impact statement project covers 32,400 acres (~50 square miles) with approximately 11,000 acres dedicated to turbine easements.[4] The Public Service Commission of Wisconsin issued a Certificate of Public Convenience and Necessity (CPCN) on July 14, 2005.[5]
Despite perceived initial support, there grew significant controversy in the siting selection related to the wildlife, visual, and other impacts.[6] These led to further environmental studies, offers of additional monetary compensation, organized opposition, and delays due to legal action. Permitting from an Air Route Surveillance Radar facility to the south also slowed the project.[7] The experience led some communities in the region to pass moratoria on further development, some of which have been challenged by state agencies.[8]
The project was eventually approved to begin construction in 2007.[9] Brownsville-based Michels Corporation provided EPC services.[10] Completed in 2008, the downsized facility includes 85 General Electric SLE 1.6 MW wind turbines and a single GE SLE 1.85 MW turbine.[2] It is setback two-miles from the Horicon Marsh located to the west.[11] Two smaller wind farms named "Cedar Ridge" (68 MW) and "Butler Ridge" (45 MW), as well as the 145 MW Blue Sky Green Field Wind Energy Center, came online within about the same year.[12][13]
Followup information sessions and academic studies on the environmental and cultural impacts of the project have been pursued. Macalester College has documented the controversy surrounding the project and studied its implications.[8] At the invitation of the Friends of the Horicon National Wildlife Refuge in 2010, the conservation chair of the Wisconsin Society for Ornithology further addressed local concerns on the effects of wind turbines on wildlife.[14] A two-year study of bird and bat mortality at the Forward Wind facility was completed by University of Wisconsin researchers for the Public Service Commission of Wisconsin, with a report published in August 2011. Inline with similar studies elsewhere, it showed a relatively larger number of bat fatalities and a lesser number of added bird deaths. Red-tailed hawks represented around 20% of recorded bird fatalities.[15]
Electricity production
[edit]Year | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Annual (Total) | Capacity Factor (%) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2008 | 18,575 | 13,333 | 18,027 | 33,862 | 33,511 | 46,205 | 163,513 | 26.9 | |||||||
2009 | 34,436 | 38,006 | 37,821 | 35,367 | 33,831 | 17,840 | 16,093 | 21,580 | 9,966 | 15,300 | 27,585 | 19,392 | 307,217 | 25.4 | |
2010 | 34,587 | 19,660 | 37,821 | 41,281 | 26,208 | 17,348 | 18,520 | 19,204 | 27,179 | 29,662 | 38,227 | 32,419 | 342,116 | 28.3 | |
2011 | 24,543 | 38,689 | 25,887 | 35,554 | 38,742 | 23,830 | 16,448 | 12,649 | 21,547 | 30,545 | 39,981 | 33,519 | 341,934 | 28.3 | |
2012 | 42,554 | 30,091 | 41,177 | 32,129 | 28,396 | 27,027 | 14,483 | 17,089 | 23,574 | 34,800 | 29,547 | 30,376 | 351,243 | 29.1 | |
2013 | 43,779 | 32,517 | 28,335 | 40,018 | 29,839 | 16,373 | 15,762 | 13,700 | 21,076 | 26,701 | 40,854 | 28,153 | 337,107 | 27.9 | |
2014 | 45,855 | 36,577 | 36,233 | 39,597 | 25,255 | 21,338 | 18,403 | 12,209 | 19,408 | 32,704 | 37,641 | 25,819 | 351,039 | 29.1 | |
2015 | 34,718 | 31,539 | 35,609 | 34,547 | 32,999 | 15,679 | 16,588 | 19,745 | 20,387 | 25,345 | 43,681 | 38,539 | 349,376 | 28.9 | |
2016 | 30,241 | 34,728 | 26,472 | 31,507 | 26,695 | 19,714 | 17,936 | 12,369 | 23,157 | 25,979 | 32,063 | 39,028 | 319,889 | 26.5 | |
2017 | 30,217 | 32,083 | 33,675 | 32,828 | 27,853 | 23,566 | 11,873 | 10,539 | 13,476 | 30,401 | 33,517 | 33,211 | 313,239 | 25.9 | |
2018 | 25,726 | 18,701 | 21,086 | 16,830 | 14,315 | 9,878 | 8,263 | 8,933 | 10,036 | 18,110 | 17,223 | 18,881 | 187,982 | 15.6 | |
2019 | 36,107 | 31,364 | 35,120 | 38,076 | 26,802 | 23,748 | 15,271 | 13,265 | 20,010 | 30,889 | 29,518 | 39,019 | 339,199 | 28.1 | |
2020 | 14188 | 17126 | 15196 | 13035 | 10887 | 7806 | 6175 | 6775 | 11854 | 14673 | 19740 | 13667 | 151,122 | ||
2021 | 2294 | 14726 | 18993 | 11304 | 10844 | 8902 | 5842 | 5624 | 9930 | 7515 | 15238 | 16436 | 127,648 | ||
2022 | 12426 | 14111 | 15775 | 18407 | 13084 | 10514 | 7357 | 5345 | 8759 | 14000 | 13204 | 16671 | 149,653 | ||
2023 | 8775 | 18398 | 14058 | 15982 | 9721 | 5740 | 4873 | 6824 | 8546 |
See also
[edit]- Wind power in Wisconsin
- Electrical Grid Regulation in Wisconsin
- Environmental impact of wind power
- List of wind farms in the United States
- Centennial Wind Farm and Beech Ridge Wind Farm, also Invenergy LLC facilities.
References
[edit]- ^ Jump up to: a b "Forward Wind Park (Wisconsin Public Service)". accel.wisconsinpublicservice.com. Retrieved 2020-07-12.
- ^ Jump up to: a b "Fact Sheet - Forward Wind Park" (PDF). Wisconsin Public Service Corporation. Retrieved April 28, 2019.
- ^ "Forward Wind Project – Volume 1 Draft Environmental Impact Statement". Public Service Commission of Wisconsin and Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources. Vol. 1. March 8, 2005. Retrieved July 11, 2020.
- ^ "Forward Wind Project – Volume 1 Final Environmental Impact Statement". Wisconsin Public Service Commission and Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources. May 18, 2005. Retrieved July 11, 2020.
- ^ "Application of Forward Energy LLC for a Certificate of Public Convenience and Necessity to Construct a Wind Electric Generation Facility and Associated High Voltage Electric 9300-CE-100 Transmission Facilities, to be Located in Dodge and Fond du Lac Counties". Public Service Commission of Wisconsin. July 14, 2005. Retrieved July 11, 2020.
- ^ "Wind Energy Landscapes - Forward Wind". Macalester College. Retrieved April 28, 2019.
- ^ Thomas Content (March 23, 2006). "Horicon wind farm foes find unlikely ally in U.S. Air Force". Milwaukee Journal.
- ^ Jump up to: a b "Forward Wind - Details". Macalester College. Retrieved April 28, 2019.
- ^ "Invenergy's Forward Energy Wind Project In Wisconsin to Proceed with Construction". Invenergy. July 25, 2007.
- ^ "Michels History". Michels Corporation. Retrieved April 28, 2019.
- ^ "PSC approves wind farm near Horicon Marsh". Electric Light & Power. July 11, 2005.
- ^ "Cedar Ridge Wind Farm". openei.org. Retrieved April 28, 2019.
- ^ "Butler Ridge Wind Farm". openei.org. Retrieved April 28, 2019.
- ^ Meagan Sheridan (May 14, 2010). "Ornithologist discusses the effect of wind turbines on birds". Beaver Dam Daily Citizen.
- ^ "Assessing Bird and Bat Mortality at the Forward Energy Center". Public Service Commission of Wisconsin. August 2011. Retrieved April 28, 2019.
- ^ "Electricity Data Browser". www.eia.gov. Retrieved 2023-12-26.