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{{Short description|Genus of birds}} |
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{{italic title}} |
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{{Automatic |
{{Automatic taxobox |
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| name = ''Xenops'' |
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| image = Xenops rutilans.jpg |
| image = Xenops rutilans.jpg |
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| image_caption = [[Streaked xenops]] |
| image_caption = [[Streaked xenops]] (''Xenops rutilans'') |
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| taxon = Xenops |
| taxon = Xenops |
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| authority = [[Johann Karl Wilhelm Illiger|Illiger]], 1811 |
| authority = [[Johann Karl Wilhelm Illiger|Illiger]], 1811 |
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| type_species = ''[[Plain xenops|Xenops genibarbis]]''<ref name=HM4>{{cite web |url= https://www.aviansystematics.org/4th-edition-checklist?viewfamilies=112 |title= Funariidae |author=<!--Not stated--> |date= |website= aviansystematics.org |publisher= The Trust for Avian Systematics |access-date= 2023-07-16}}</ref> |
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| type_species_authority = Illiger, 1811 |
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| subdivision_ranks = Species |
| subdivision_ranks = Species |
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| subdivision = |
| subdivision = |
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'''''Xenops''''' is a [[genus]] in the bird family Furnariidae, the [[Ovenbird (family)|ovenbird]]s. |
'''''Xenops''''' is a [[genus]] in the bird family Furnariidae, the [[Ovenbird (family)|ovenbird]]s. The genus comprises four species of xenops, all of which are found in [[Mexico]], [[Central America]] and [[South America]], particularly in tropical rain forests. |
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They are small birds with a longish tail, a laterally flattened bill with an upturned tip (except in the slender-billed xenops), brown back and buff or rufous wing stripe. They forage for [[insect |
They are small birds with a longish tail, a laterally flattened bill with an upturned tip (except in the slender-billed xenops), brown back and buff or rufous wing stripe. They forage for [[insect]]s on bark, rotting stumps or bare twigs, moving mechanically in all directions on the trunk like a [[woodcreeper]], but without using the tail as a prop. |
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Together with the distinct [[great xenops]] (''Megaxenops parnaguae''), this genus forms the [[tribe (biology)|tribe]] '''Xenopini''', which based on some recent studies belongs in the woodcreeper and xenops [[subfamily]] [[Dendrocolaptinae]],<ref>Fjeldså, J., M. Irestedt, & P. G. P. Ericson (2005). ''Molecular data reveal some major adaptational shifts in the early evolution of the most diverse avian family, the Furnariidae.'' Journal of Ornithology 146: 1–13.</ref> while others have found them to be part of the "traditional" ovenbirds.<ref name=Moyle>Moyle, R. G., R. T. Chesser, R. T. Brumfield, J. G. Tello, D. J. Marchese, & J. Cracraft (2009). ''Phylogeny and phylogenetic classification of the antbirds, ovenbirds, woodcreepers, and allies (Aves: Passeriformes: infraorder Furnariides).'' Cladistics 25: 386-405.</ref> A 2013 found that they should be a family distinct from both.<ref name="Ohlson">{{cite journal|last1=Ohlson|first1=J|last2=Irestedt|first2=M|last3=Ericson|first3=P|last4=Fjeldså|first4=J|title=Phylogeny and classification of the New World suboscines (Aves, Passeriformes)|journal=Zootaxa|date=2013|volume=3613|issue=1|pages=1–35|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ |
Together with the distinct [[great xenops]] (''Megaxenops parnaguae''), this genus forms the [[tribe (biology)|tribe]] '''Xenopini''', which based on some recent studies belongs in the woodcreeper and xenops [[subfamily]] [[Dendrocolaptinae]],<ref>Fjeldså, J., M. Irestedt, & P. G. P. Ericson (2005). ''Molecular data reveal some major adaptational shifts in the early evolution of the most diverse avian family, the Furnariidae.'' Journal of Ornithology 146: 1–13.</ref> while others have found them to be part of the "traditional" ovenbirds.<ref name=Moyle>Moyle, R. G., R. T. Chesser, R. T. Brumfield, J. G. Tello, D. J. Marchese, & J. Cracraft (2009). ''Phylogeny and phylogenetic classification of the antbirds, ovenbirds, woodcreepers, and allies (Aves: Passeriformes: infraorder Furnariides).'' Cladistics 25: 386-405.</ref> A study from 2013 found that they should be a family distinct from both.<ref name="Ohlson">{{cite journal|last1=Ohlson|first1=J|last2=Irestedt|first2=M|last3=Ericson|first3=P|last4=Fjeldså|first4=J|title=Phylogeny and classification of the New World suboscines (Aves, Passeriformes)|journal=Zootaxa|date=2013|volume=3613|issue=1|pages=1–35|doi=10.11646/zootaxa.3613.1.1|pmid=24698900|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/261371295}}</ref> |
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==Species== |
==Species== |
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Formerly, the [[rufous-tailed xenops]] was placed in this genus, but it has been moved to the monotypic ''[[Microxenops]]''. The following species remain in the genus ''Xenops'': |
Formerly, the [[rufous-tailed xenops]] was placed in this genus, but it has been moved to the monotypic ''[[Microxenops]]''. The following species remain in the genus ''Xenops'':<ref name=ioc>{{cite web| editor1-last=Gill | editor1-first=Frank | editor1-link=Frank Gill (ornithologist) | editor2-last=Donsker | editor2-first=David | editor3-last=Rasmussen | editor3-first=Pamela | editor3-link=Pamela Rasmussen | date=August 2024 | title=Ovenbirds, woodcreepers | work=IOC World Bird List Version 14.2 | url=https://www.worldbirdnames.org/bow/ovenbirds/ | publisher=International Ornithologists' Union | access-date=3 September 2024 }}</ref> |
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{| class="wikitable" |
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* [[Slender-billed xenops]], ''Xenops tenuirostris'' |
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* [[Plain xenops]], ''Xenops minutus'' |
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! Image !! Scientific name !! Common Name !! Distribution |
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* [[Streaked xenops]], ''Xenops rutilans'' |
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| || ''Xenops tenuirostris'' ||[[Slender-billed xenops]] || Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, and Venezuela |
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|[[File:Plain Xenops - Panama MG 2251 (16544548297).jpg|120px]] || ''Xenops genibarbis''|| [[Amazonian plain xenops]] || from southern Mexico south to western Ecuador, northeastern Argentina and central Brazil |
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|[[File:Xenops minutus - Plain xenops; Restinga de Bertioga State Park, São Paulo, Brazil.jpg|120px]] || ''Xenops minutus''|| [[Atlantic plain xenops]] || east Brazil |
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|[[File:Streaked Xenops - Colombia S4E0067 (16565708529).jpg|120px]] || ''Xenops rutilans'' || [[Streaked xenops]] || from Costa Rica and Trinidad south to Bolivia and northern Argentina |
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== References == |
== References == |
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| isbn = 0-7136-6418-5 }} |
| isbn = 0-7136-6418-5 }} |
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{{Passeriformes|T.|state=collapsed}} |
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{{Taxonbar|from=Q372344}} |
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[[Category:Bird genera]] |
[[Category:Bird genera]] |
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Latest revision as of 13:45, 3 September 2024
| Xenops | |
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| Streaked xenops (Xenops rutilans) | |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Order: | Passeriformes |
| Family: | Furnariidae |
| Genus: | Xenops Illiger, 1811 |
| Type species | |
| Xenops genibarbis[1] Illiger, 1811
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| Species | |
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See text. | |
Xenops is a genus in the bird family Furnariidae, the ovenbirds. The genus comprises four species of xenops, all of which are found in Mexico, Central America and South America, particularly in tropical rain forests.
They are small birds with a longish tail, a laterally flattened bill with an upturned tip (except in the slender-billed xenops), brown back and buff or rufous wing stripe. They forage for insects on bark, rotting stumps or bare twigs, moving mechanically in all directions on the trunk like a woodcreeper, but without using the tail as a prop.
Together with the distinct great xenops (Megaxenops parnaguae), this genus forms the tribe Xenopini, which based on some recent studies belongs in the woodcreeper and xenops subfamily Dendrocolaptinae,[2] while others have found them to be part of the "traditional" ovenbirds.[3] A study from 2013 found that they should be a family distinct from both.[4]
Species
[edit]Formerly, the rufous-tailed xenops was placed in this genus, but it has been moved to the monotypic Microxenops. The following species remain in the genus Xenops:[5]
| Image | Scientific name | Common Name | Distribution |
|---|---|---|---|
| Xenops tenuirostris | Slender-billed xenops | Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, and Venezuela | |
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Xenops genibarbis | Amazonian plain xenops | from southern Mexico south to western Ecuador, northeastern Argentina and central Brazil |
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Xenops minutus | Atlantic plain xenops | east Brazil |
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Xenops rutilans | Streaked xenops | from Costa Rica and Trinidad south to Bolivia and northern Argentina |
References
[edit]- ^ "Funariidae". aviansystematics.org. The Trust for Avian Systematics. Retrieved 2023-07-16.
- ^ Fjeldså, J., M. Irestedt, & P. G. P. Ericson (2005). Molecular data reveal some major adaptational shifts in the early evolution of the most diverse avian family, the Furnariidae. Journal of Ornithology 146: 1–13.
- ^ Moyle, R. G., R. T. Chesser, R. T. Brumfield, J. G. Tello, D. J. Marchese, & J. Cracraft (2009). Phylogeny and phylogenetic classification of the antbirds, ovenbirds, woodcreepers, and allies (Aves: Passeriformes: infraorder Furnariides). Cladistics 25: 386-405.
- ^ Ohlson, J; Irestedt, M; Ericson, P; Fjeldså, J (2013). "Phylogeny and classification of the New World suboscines (Aves, Passeriformes)". Zootaxa. 3613 (1): 1–35. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3613.1.1. PMID 24698900.
- ^ Gill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela, eds. (August 2024). "Ovenbirds, woodcreepers". IOC World Bird List Version 14.2. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 3 September 2024.
- ffrench, Richard (1991). A Guide to the Birds of Trinidad and Tobago (2nd ed.). Comstock Publishing. ISBN 0-8014-9792-2.
- Hilty, Steven L (2003). Birds of Venezuela. London: Christopher Helm. ISBN 0-7136-6418-5.
