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'''Johann Janatka''' (29 April 1800 – 29 July 1878)
[[File:Alois Taux 1847.jpg|thumb]]
'''Alois Taux''' (5 October 1817 – 17 April 1861) was a German conductor and composer. He was important in the musical life of [[Salzburg]], and initiated music festivals there dedicated to [[Mozart]].


==Life==
==Life==
Taux was born in Baumgarten, in [[Silesia]] (now [[Braszowice]] in Poland); he showed musical talent at an early age, and during school years he learned to play violin and organ, and composed church pieces. He took lessons in piano and organ from the organist at the abbey of Camenz (now [[Kamieniec Ząbkowicki]]). He was admitted to [[Prague Conservatory]] in 1834, where he studied with [[Bedřich Diviš Weber]] and the horn player Johann Janatka.<ref name=blko>{{BLKO|wstitle=Taux, Alois|volume=43|page=164}}</ref><ref name=obl>{{ÖBL2|Alois|Taux|1817|1861|author=|title=Taux, Alois (1817–1861), Hornist, Violinist, Dirigent und Komponist}}</ref><ref name=musiklexikon>[https://www.musiklexikon.ac.at/ml/musik_T/Taux_Alois.xml Taux, Alois] ''[[Oesterreichisches Musiklexikon]] Online''. Retrieved 11 November 2024.</ref>


<ref name=blko>{{BLKO|wstitle=Janatka, Johann|volume=10|page=63}}</ref>
In 1837 he joined the theatre orchestra in [[Graz]], playing second violin and later horn. In 1839 he went to [[Linz]], where he was assistant director of the theatre orchestra.<ref name=blko/><ref name=obl/><ref name=musiklexikon/>


<ref name=obl>{{ÖBL2|Alois|Taux|1817|1861|author=|title=Taux, Alois (1817–1861), Hornist, Violinist, Dirigent und Komponist}}</ref>
===Salzburg===
Later in 1839 he became director of the orchestra at the [[Salzburger Landestheater|theatre in Salzburg]], where he conducted performances of operas and other musical stage works. His reputation grew rapidly, and in 1841 he became musical director of the ''Dom-Musik-Verein'' ("Cathedral Music Society", now the [[Mozarteum Orchestra Salzburg]]) and director of the Mozarteum, a teaching institution. They were founded in that year to revive the musical life of Salzburg, after the abolition of the courts of the [[prince-archbishop]] and [[prince-elector]] had made the court orchestra less important. He remained in these posts for the rest of his life.<ref name=blko/><ref name=obl/><ref name=musiklexikon/><ref>[https://www.musiklexikon.ac.at/ml/musik_D/Dom-Musik-Verein_Mozarteum.xml "Dom-Musik-Verein und Mozarteum Salzburg"] ''[[Oesterreichisches Musiklexikon]] Online''. Retrieved 11 November 2024.</ref>


<ref name=musiklexikon>[https://www.musiklexikon.ac.at/ml/musik_J/Janatka_Johann.xml "Janatka, Johann Nepomuk"] ''[[Oesterreichisches Musiklexikon]] Online''. Retrieved 13 November 2024.</ref>
He founded in 1847 the [[Salzburger Liedertafel]], a men's choir, of which he was musical director to 1850 and from 1858 until his death. He became in 1858 choirmaster of the Salzburg [[Singakademie]]. Invited to conduct at various venues, he travelled to Germany, Belgium, England and France; an autograph collection, preserved by the Salzburger Liedertafel, shows that he met cultural figures including [[Hector Berlioz]], [[Felix Mendelssohn]], [[Robert Schumann]] and [[Richard Wagner]].<ref name=blko/><ref name=obl/><ref name=musiklexikon/><ref name=liedertafel>[https://www.salzburger-liedertafel.at/geschichte/gr%C3%BCnder-alois-taux/ "Alois Taux - Gründer der Salzburger Liedertafel"] ''Salzburger Liedertafel''. Retrieved 9 November 2024.</ref>

He took part in celebrations at the unveiling of the [[Mozart Monument (Salzburg)|Mozart Monument]] in Salzburg in 1842, and in 1852 organized a celebration to mark this event. In 1856, the centenary of Mozart's birth, he organized a festival in which he conducted several concerts with music by Mozart. These events are regarded as the forerunners of the later annual [[Salzburg Festival]].<ref name=obl/><ref name=musiklexikon/>

He died in 1861, during a rehearsal with the Salzburger Liedertafel. He was buried in the {{ill|St Sebastian Cemetery|de|Sebastiansfriedhof}} in Salzburg; he was later reburied in {{ill|Salzburg Municial Cemetery|de|Salzburger Kommunalfriedhof}}, in a grave of honour ("Ehrengrab").<ref name=liedertafel/>

===Family===
He married in 1850 Anna Freiin Dubsky von Wittenau (c. 1820 – 1907). She had attended Prague Conservatory, and was an opera singer, at venues including from 1844 to 1846 in minor roles at the [[Theater am Kärntnertor]] in Vienna, moving to Salzburg in 1848. They had five daughters.<ref name=blko/><ref name=obl/><ref name=musiklexikon/>

==Biographer's commentary==
His biographer in ''[[Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich]]'' (1881) wrote: "Taux was considered a shrewd and proven conductor of the orchestra, and of choral music both in the concert hall and in the church choir.... Universally respected as a person, he was in the service of unwavering devotion to duty, even if, in order to maintain his household, he took upon himself a variety of professional burdens, the care of which clouded his mild countenance with melancholy."<ref name=blko/>

==Compositions==
Taux composed church music and secular music, for orchestra and for various vocal ensembles. Some works were composed for particular occasions. He wrote stage works: a melodrama ''Die weiße Rose'' ("The White Rose", 1840) and two [[Zauberposse]]n, ''Das rothe Gespenst'' ("The Red Ghost", 1844) and ''Der Tourist im Geisterreiche'' ("The Tourist in the Spirit Realm" 1855). Very few of his compositions appeared in print.<ref name=blko/>


<ref name=adb>{{Cite ADB|2|237|238|Beckmann, Friedrich|August Förster|ADB:Beckmann, Friedrich}}</ref>
<ref name=adb>{{Cite ADB|2|237|238|Beckmann, Friedrich|August Förster|ADB:Beckmann, Friedrich}}</ref>
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<ref name=ndb>[https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/116106409.html "Beckmann, Friedrich"] ''[[Neue Deutsche Biographie]]'', 1953.</ref>
<ref name=ndb>[https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/116106409.html "Beckmann, Friedrich"] ''[[Neue Deutsche Biographie]]'', 1953.</ref>


<ref name=about>[https://www.salzburger-liedertafel.at/%C3%BCber-uns/ "Die Salzburger Liedertafel"] ''Salzburger Liedertafel''. Retrieved 22 September 2024.</ref>

<ref name=history>[https://www.salzburger-liedertafel.at/geschichte/ "Die Geschichte der Salzburger Liedertafel"] ''Salzburger Liedertafel''. Retrieved 22 September 2024.</ref>


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Taux, Alois}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Janatka, Johann}}
[[:Category:1817 births]]
[[:Category:1800 births]]
[[:Category:1861 deaths]]
[[:Category:1878 deaths]]
[[:Category:19th-century German composers]]
[[:Category:
[[:Category:19th-century German conductors (music)]]
[[:Category:Musicians from Salzburg]]


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Revision as of 08:01, 13 November 2024

Johann Janatka (29 April 1800 – 29 July 1878)

Life

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]


References

  1. ^ Wurzbach, Constantin von, ed. (1863). "Janatka, Johann" . Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich [Biographical Encyclopedia of the Austrian Empire] (in German). Vol. 10. p. 63 – via Wikisource.
  2. ^ "Taux, Alois (1817–1861), Hornist, Violinist, Dirigent und Komponist". Österreichisches Biographisches Lexikon ab 1815 (online) (in German). Austrian Academy of Sciences.
  3. ^ "Janatka, Johann Nepomuk" Oesterreichisches Musiklexikon Online. Retrieved 13 November 2024.
  4. ^ August Förster (1875), "Beckmann, Friedrich", Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (in German), vol. 2, Leipzig: Duncker & Humblot, pp. 237–238
  5. ^ "Beckmann, Friedrich" Neue Deutsche Biographie, 1953.


Category:1800 births Category:1878 deaths [[:Category:

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Taux List of ....

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