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{{short description|Masonry blocks at the corner of a wall}} |
{{short description|Masonry blocks at the corner of a wall}} |
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{{about|the architectural technique}} |
{{about|the architectural technique}} |
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[[File:RomaPalazzetto.jpg|thumb|right|Quoining on the corners of [[Palazzo Aragona Gonzaga]], Rome]] |
[[File:RomaPalazzetto.jpg|thumb|right|Quoining on the corners of [[Palazzo Aragona Gonzaga]], Rome]] |
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[[File:Quoins at the Templehouse Walled Garden, Dunlop, East Ayrshire (cropped).jpg|thumb|Alternate horizontal quoining on a wall in [[East Ayrshire]]]] |
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[[File:1993-1994-Giardino Giusti (Verona)-testo e photo Paolo Villa-nA04 (light and perspective corrections) -tesi Accademia Belle Arti Bologna-cortile e portico di Palazzo Giusti-Kodak EKTACHROME ELITE 200 5056.jpg|thumb|Porch quoins [[Palazzo Giusti]], Verona]] |
[[File:1993-1994-Giardino Giusti (Verona)-testo e photo Paolo Villa-nA04 (light and perspective corrections) -tesi Accademia Belle Arti Bologna-cortile e portico di Palazzo Giusti-Kodak EKTACHROME ELITE 200 5056.jpg|thumb|right|Porch quoins, [[Palazzo Giusti]], Verona]] |
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| ⚫ | '''Quoins''' ({{IPAc-en|k|ɔɪ|n|}} <small>or</small> {{IPAc-en|k|w|ɔɪ|n|}}) are [[masonry]] blocks at the corner of a wall.<ref>{{cite book | title= A Manual of Civil Engineering | url= https://archive.org/details/amanualcivileng03rankgoog | first= William J. M. |last= Rankine | author-link= William John Macquorn Rankine | publisher = Griffin, Bohn, and Co | year = 1862 | page= [https://archive.org/details/amanualcivileng03rankgoog/page/n408 385]}}</ref> Some are structural, providing strength for a wall made with inferior [[rock (geology)|stone]] or [[Rubble masonry|rubble]],<ref>Charles F.Mitchell. Building Construction. Part 1. First Stage or Elementary Course. Second Edition—Revised. Published by B.T. Batsford, 52 High Holborn. 1889. Page 48.</ref> while others merely add aesthetic detail to a corner.<ref>{{cite web | url= http://blogmybrain.com/scrabble-word-finder/word/quoin.htm | title= Definitions for: Quoin | access-date= 12 May 2014}}</ref> According to one 19th-century encyclopedia, these imply strength, permanence, and expense, all reinforcing the onlooker's sense of a structure's presence.<ref> |
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[[File:St Mary's Church, St Mary's Close, Fetcham (NHLE Code 1378187).JPG|thumb|right|The near corner of the [[Church of St. Mary, Fetcham]], demonstrates alternate horizontal quoining]] |
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| ⚫ | '''Quoins''' ({{IPAc-en|k|ɔɪ|n|}} <small>or</small> {{IPAc-en|k|w|ɔɪ|n|}}) are [[masonry]] blocks at the corner of a wall.<ref>{{cite book | title= A Manual of Civil Engineering | url= https://archive.org/details/amanualcivileng03rankgoog | first= William J. M. |last= Rankine | author-link= William John Macquorn Rankine | publisher = Griffin, Bohn, and Co | year = 1862 | page= [https://archive.org/details/amanualcivileng03rankgoog/page/n408 385]}}</ref> Some are structural, providing |
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{{cite book |
{{cite book |
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| url= https://books.google.com/books?id=J0pQAAAAMAAJ&q=quoin+architecture&pg=PA576 |
| url= https://books.google.com/books?id=J0pQAAAAMAAJ&q=quoin+architecture&pg=PA576 |
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==Techniques== |
==Techniques== |
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===Ashlar blocks=== |
===Ashlar blocks=== |
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In a traditional, often decorative use, large rectangular [[ashlar]] stone blocks or replicas are laid horizontally at the corners. |
In a traditional, often decorative use, large rectangular [[ashlar]] stone blocks or replicas are laid horizontally at the corners. This results in an alternate, quoining pattern. |
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===Alternate cornerstones=== |
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Courses of large and small [[corner stone]]s are used, alternating between stones of different thickness, with typically the larger cornerstones thinner than the smaller.{{Citation needed|date=March 2018}} |
Courses of large and small [[corner stone]]s are used, alternating between stones of different thickness, with typically the larger cornerstones thinner than the smaller.{{Citation needed|date=March 2018}} |
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===Alternate vertical=== |
===Alternate vertical=== |
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[[File:St Benet's Cambridge stylesofarchitec00rick 0382 (cropped).jpg|thumb| |
[[File:St Benet's Cambridge stylesofarchitec00rick 0382 (cropped).jpg|thumb|upright=0.75|left|Tower of St Bene't's, Cambridge, showing long and short work<ref name=Rickman>{{cite book |last=Rickman |first=Thomas |title=An attempt to discriminate the styles of architecture in England : from the Conquest to the Reformation : with a sketch of the Grecian and Roman orders : notices of numerous British edifices :and some remarks on the architecture of a part of France |date=1848 |publisher=John Henry Parker |location=London |edition=Fifth |page=Appendix-xxii |url=https://archive.org/details/stylesofarchitec00rick}}</ref>]] |
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The long and short quoining method instead places long stone blocks with their lengths oriented vertically, between smaller ones that are laid flat. This load |
The long and short quoining method instead places long stone blocks with their lengths oriented vertically, between smaller ones that are laid flat. This load-bearing quoining is common in [[Anglo-Saxon architecture|Anglo-Saxon]] buildings such as [[St Bene't's Church]] in Cambridge, England.<ref name=Rickman/> |
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==References== |
==References== |
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==External links== |
==External links== |
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*{{Cite EB1911|wstitle=Quoins|volume=22}} |
*{{Cite EB1911|wstitle=Quoins|volume=22}} |
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Latest revision as of 09:06, 15 March 2023
Quoins (/kɔɪn/ or /kwɔɪn/) are masonry blocks at the corner of a wall.[1] Some are structural, providing strength for a wall made with inferior stone or rubble,[2] while others merely add aesthetic detail to a corner.[3] According to one 19th-century encyclopedia, these imply strength, permanence, and expense, all reinforcing the onlooker's sense of a structure's presence.[4]
Stone quoins are used on stone or brick buildings. Brick quoins may appear on brick buildings, extending from the facing brickwork in such a way as to give the appearance of generally uniformly cut ashlar blocks of stone larger than the bricks. Where quoins are decorative and non-load-bearing a wider variety of materials is used, including timber, stucco, or other cement render.
Techniques
[edit]
Ashlar blocks
[edit]In a traditional, often decorative use, large rectangular ashlar stone blocks or replicas are laid horizontally at the corners. This results in an alternate, quoining pattern.
Alternate cornerstones
[edit]Courses of large and small corner stones are used, alternating between stones of different thickness, with typically the larger cornerstones thinner than the smaller.[citation needed]
Alternate vertical
[edit]
The long and short quoining method instead places long stone blocks with their lengths oriented vertically, between smaller ones that are laid flat. This load-bearing quoining is common in Anglo-Saxon buildings such as St Bene't's Church in Cambridge, England.[5]
References
[edit]- ^ Rankine, William J. M. (1862). A Manual of Civil Engineering. Griffin, Bohn, and Co. p. 385.
- ^ Charles F.Mitchell. Building Construction. Part 1. First Stage or Elementary Course. Second Edition—Revised. Published by B.T. Batsford, 52 High Holborn. 1889. Page 48.
- ^ "Definitions for: Quoin". Retrieved 12 May 2014.
- ^
Encyclopaedia Perthensis. 576: John Brown. 1816.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location (link) - ^ a b Rickman, Thomas (1848). An attempt to discriminate the styles of architecture in England : from the Conquest to the Reformation : with a sketch of the Grecian and Roman orders : notices of numerous British edifices :and some remarks on the architecture of a part of France (Fifth ed.). London: John Henry Parker. p. Appendix-xxii.
External links
[edit]
Look up quoin in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
- Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 22 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.