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{{Short description|French painter}}
'''Paul-Léon Jazet''' (13 June 1848 – 1918) was a French painter born in Paris, the son of the engraver Alexandre-Jean-Louis Jazet.<ref>{{cite web |title=Alexandre Jean Louis Jazet (Biographical details) |url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/research/search_the_collection_database/term_details.aspx?bioId=119845 |accessdate=12 April 2019}}</ref><ref name="sotheby">{{cite web |title='Allegory of the new woman'. An ivory fan, Paul-Léon Jazet, so called 'Japhet', French, circa 1890 |url=http://www.sothebys.com/en/auctions/ecatalogue/2018/from-earth-to-fire-l18301/lot.307.html |accessdate=12 April 2019}}</ref>. For much of his career, he was mostly known for genre scenes, portraits and military subjects.<ref name="sotheby"/><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.artoftheprint.com/artistpages/jazet_paul_leon_les2fils.htm|title=Paul-Léon Jazet|last=|first=|date=|website=Art of the Print|publisher=|access-date=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://rkd.nl/en/explore/artists/record?query=paul+leon+jazet&start=0|title=Explore Paul Léon Jazet|website=rkd.nl|access-date=2016-05-11}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb16266738n|title=BnF Catalogue général|website=catalogue.bnf.fr|access-date=2016-05-11}}</ref>
'''Paul-Léon Jazet''' (13 June 1848 – 1918) was a French painter born in Paris, the son of the engraver Alexandre-Jean-Louis Jazet (1814–21 February 1897).<ref>{{cite web |title=Alexandre Jean Louis Jazet (Biographical details) |url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/research/search_the_collection_database/term_details.aspx?bioId=119845 |access-date=12 April 2019}}</ref><ref name="sotheby">{{cite web |title='Allegory of the new woman'. An ivory fan, Paul-Léon Jazet, so called 'Japhet', French, circa 1890 |url=http://www.sothebys.com/en/auctions/ecatalogue/2018/from-earth-to-fire-l18301/lot.307.html |access-date=12 April 2019}}</ref> For much of his career, he was mostly known for genre scenes, portraits and military subjects.<ref name="sotheby"/><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.artoftheprint.com/artistpages/jazet_paul_leon_les2fils.htm|title=Paul-Léon Jazet|last=|first=|date=|website=Art of the Print|publisher=|access-date=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://rkd.nl/en/explore/artists/record?query=paul+leon+jazet&start=0|title=Explore Paul Léon Jazet|website=rkd.nl|access-date=2016-05-11}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb16266738n|title=BnF Catalogue général|website=catalogue.bnf.fr|access-date=2016-05-11}}</ref>

==Career==
==Career==


After a pupillage with [[Félix-Joseph Barrias]] his career developed successfully and he became a regular exhibitor at the [[Paris Salon]], with his first exhibits in 1869.<ref name="sotheby"/> The influence of the [[Franco-Prussian War]] is reflected in his many paintings with mlitiary subjects.These and his other works were often copied and marketed as photographs and prints by the prominent Paris-based art dealer [[Goupil & Cie]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Goupil & Cie |url=http://research.frick.org/directoryweb/browserecord.php?-action=browse&-recid=6005 |accessdate=13 April 2019}}</ref>
After a pupillage with [[Félix-Joseph Barrias]] his career developed successfully and he became a regular exhibitor at the [[Paris Salon]]. The influence of the [[Franco-Prussian War]] is reflected in his many paintings with military subjects. These and his other works were often copied and marketed as photographs and prints by the prominent Paris-based art dealer [[Goupil & Cie]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Goupil & Cie |url=http://research.frick.org/directoryweb/browserecord.php?-action=browse&-recid=6005 |access-date=13 April 2019}}</ref>


Paul-Léon Jazet made his debut in the Paris Salon in 1869, becoming a member in 1886.. The following are the titles of paintings he exhibited at the Salon during 1869-1881.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Masterpieces of French Art |url=https://archive.org/details/masterpiecesoffr02viaruoft/page/39 |accessdate=13 April 2019}}</ref> <ref>{{cite web |title=Salon de 1869 |url=https://archive.org/details/explicationdesou1869soci/page/169 |accessdate=13 April 2019}}</ref> <ref>{{cite web |title=Salon de 1870 |url=https://archive.org/details/explicationdesou1870soci/page/188 |accessdate=13 April 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Salon de 1873 |url=https://archive.org/details/explicationdesou1873soci/page/121 |accessdate=14 April 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Salon de 1874 |url=https://archive.org/details/explicationdesou1874soci/page/140 |accessdate=14 April 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Salon de !875 |url=https://archive.org/details/explicationdesou1875soci/page/165 |accessdate=14 April 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Salon de 1876 |url=https://archive.org/details/explicationdesou1876soci/page/135 |accessdate=14 April 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Salon de 1877 |url=https://archive.org/details/explicationdesou1877soci/page/141 |accessdate=14 April 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Salon de 1878 |url=https://archive.org/details/explicationdesou00salo_1/page/105 |accessdate=15 April 2019}}</ref> <ref>{{cite web |title=Salon de 1879 |url=https://archive.org/details/explicationdesou1879soci/page/135 |accessdate=13 April 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Salon de !880 |url=https://archive.org/details/explicationdesou1880soci/page/193 |accessdate=14 April 2019}}</ref>Some English translations have been indicated where they are likely to be appropriate to the subject of an unseen painting. As a result of the Franco-Prussian War there was no Salon in 1871.<ref>{{cite web |title=No Salon in 1871 |url=https://sites.google.com/a/plu.edu/paris-salon-exhibitions-1667-1880/salon-de-1872 |accessdate=14 April 2019}}</ref>
Paul-Léon Jazet made his debut in the Paris Salon in 1869, becoming a member in 1886.. The following are the titles of paintings he exhibited at the Salon during 1869–1881.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Masterpieces of French Art |url=https://archive.org/details/masterpiecesoffr02viaruoft/page/39 |access-date=13 April 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Salon de 1869 |url=https://archive.org/details/explicationdesou1869soci/page/169 |access-date=13 April 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Salon de 1870 |url=https://archive.org/details/explicationdesou1870soci/page/188 |access-date=13 April 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Salon de 1873 |url=https://archive.org/details/explicationdesou1873soci/page/121 |access-date=14 April 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Salon de 1874 |url=https://archive.org/details/explicationdesou1874soci/page/140 |access-date=14 April 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Salon de !875 |url=https://archive.org/details/explicationdesou1875soci/page/165 |access-date=14 April 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Salon de 1876 |url=https://archive.org/details/explicationdesou1876soci/page/135 |access-date=14 April 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Salon de 1877 |url=https://archive.org/details/explicationdesou1877soci/page/141 |access-date=14 April 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Salon de 1878 |url=https://archive.org/details/explicationdesou00salo_1/page/105 |access-date=15 April 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Salon de 1879 |url=https://archive.org/details/explicationdesou1879soci/page/135 |access-date=13 April 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Salon de !880 |url=https://archive.org/details/explicationdesou1880soci/page/193 |access-date=14 April 2019}}</ref> Some English translations have been indicated where they are likely to be appropriate to the subject of an unseen painting. As a result of the Franco-Prussian War there was no Salon in 1871.<ref>{{cite web |title=No Salon in 1871 |url=https://sites.google.com/a/plu.edu/paris-salon-exhibitions-1667-1880/salon-de-1872 |access-date=14 April 2019}}</ref>


;1869
;1869
:Portrait de M.A. de B.....
:''Portrait de M.A. de B.....''
:Un Message
:''Un Message''
;1870
;1870
:Avant la Déclaration
:''Avant la Déclaration''
:Indiscrétion
:''Indiscrétion''
;1872
;1872
:Repaire/ Lair or den of criminals
:''Repaire''/ Lair or den of criminals
;1873
;1873
:Une Affaire d'Honneur
:''Une Affaire d'Honneur''
;1874
;1874
:Franc-tireurs dans la forêt de Fontainebleau/ [[Franc-tireurs]] in the forest of Fontainebleau
:''Franc-tireurs dans la forêt de Fontainebleau''/ [[Franc-tireurs]] in the forest of Fontainebleau
;1875
;1875
:Une Facheuse Aventure
:''Une Facheuse Aventure''
;1876
;1876
:The Bivouac
:The Bivouac
Line 25: Line 27:
:Play of Princes, illustration of XV111th Century Manners
:Play of Princes, illustration of XV111th Century Manners
;1878
;1878
:Après le Baptême/After the Baptism
:''Après le Baptême''/After the Baptism
:Une Mésalliance/An Unsuitable marriage
:''Une Mésalliance''/An Unsuitable marriage
;1879
;1879
[[File:Le Billet de Logement. Oil on panel, signed and dated P Jazet 1879.jpg|thumb|Le Billet de Logement. Oil on panel, signed and dated P Jazet 1879.]]:''Le Fils Unique''/''Entre Deux Victoires'' (name change in later printed versions)
:The Fils Unique/ His Favoured Son
:Un Billet de Logement/Letter of Lodging
:''Billet de Logement''/Letter of Lodging
;1880
;1880
:Departure of the Squadron
:Departure of the Squadron
;1881
;1881
:Le Boute-selle/Call to Horse
:''Le Boute-selle''/Call to Horse
:Aux Avant-poste/The Advance Guard
:''Aux Avant-poste''/The Advance Guard

⚫
Jazet was always based in Paris, and around 1885 his studio was photographed by Edmond Bénard.<ref>{{cite web |title=French painter Paul Léon Jazet in his Paris studio. Photograph by Edmond Bénard c.1885. Albumen print. |url=https://www.alamy.com/stock-photo-french-painter-paul-lon-jazet-in-his-paris-studio-photograph-by-edmond-113154839.html |accessdate=12 April 2019}}</ref>A possible studio address at this time is 2 Rue Aumont-Thiéville. This is included in the 1885 Salon entry recording that Jazet exhibited a painting titled ''Trop Novice''. <ref>{{cite web |title=Jazet address 1885 |url=https://archive.org/details/explicationdesou1885soci/page/117 |accessdate=15 April 2019}}</ref>Alternatively, this entry also suggests that the rather fine looking studio could have been provided at 9 Rue Chaptal by Boussod, Valedon & Cie the successors to Goupil & Cie.<ref>{{cite web |title=Boussod, Valedon & Cie |url=https://primo.getty.edu/primo-explore/fulldisplay?vid=GRI&docid=GETTY_ALMA21134399430001551&context=L&lang=en_US}}</ref>

⚫
The highest recent auction price for one of Jazet's oil paintings was for ''The Death of Lord Nelson'', measuring 41¾ x 61¾ in. (106 x 156.8 cm.) and dated 1882. It achieved $137,000 (hammer plus buyers' premium) at Christie's New York on 27 October, 2014.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Death of Lord Nelson |url=https://www.christies.com/lotfinder/Lot/paul-leon-jazet-french-1848-1918-the-death-5834679-details.aspx |accessdate=12 April 2019}}</ref>


⚫
[[File:Paul-Léon Jazet in his Paris studio (c1885).jpg|thumb|Paul-Léon Jazet in his Paris studio (c1885).]]Jazet was always based in Paris, and around 1885 his studio was photographed by Edmond Bénard.<ref>{{cite web |title=French painter Paul Léon Jazet in his Paris studio. Two photographs by Edmond Bénard c.1885. Albumen prints. |url=https://www.alamy.com/stock-photo-french-painter-paul-lon-jazet-in-his-paris-studio-photograph-by-edmond-113154839.html |access-date=12 April 2019}}</ref> A possible studio address at this time is 2 Rue Aumont-Thiéville. This is included in the 1885 Salon entry recording that Jazet exhibited a painting titled ''Trop Novice''.<ref>{{cite web |title=Jazet address 1885 |url=https://archive.org/details/explicationdesou1885soci/page/117 |access-date=15 April 2019}}</ref> Alternatively, this entry also suggests that the rather fine looking studio could have been provided at 9 Rue Chaptal by Boussod, Valedon & Cie the successors to Goupil & Cie.<ref>{{cite web |title=Boussod, Valedon & Cie |url=https://primo.getty.edu/primo-explore/fulldisplay?vid=GRI&docid=GETTY_ALMA21134399430001551&context=L&lang=en_US}}</ref> It is interesting to note that the dog seen in the 1879 painting ''Le Billet de Logement'' was a prop kept in the studio.
⚫
Paul-Léon Jazet also illustrated books.<ref>{{cite web |title=Prints and book illustrations by Paul-Léon Jazet |url=https://www.abebooks.com/book-search/author/jazet-paul-leon/ |accessdate=7 May 2019}}</ref> One was about the famous French military training school titled '' Histoire de l'[[École spéciale militaire de Saint-Cyr]] par un ancien saint-cyrien'' (History of the military academy of Saint-Cyr by an old saint-cyrien). This was first published in 1886 and contained 52 full-page black and white prints by Jazet.<ref>{{cite web |title=History of the military academy of Saint-Cyr by an old saint-cyrien. Images of text. |url=https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k65122178/f75.image.texteImage |accessdate=29 April 2019}}</ref>Paperback versions are still produced today.<ref>{{cite web |title=École spéciale militaire de Saint-Cyr. Paperback. |url=https://www.amazon.fr/Histoire-l%C3%89cole-sp%C3%A9ciale-militaire-Saint-Cyr/dp/2014465657 |accessdate=29 April 2019}}</ref>Similarly, in 1889, Jazet provided 40 illustrations for a book on French naval training history.<ref>{{cite web |title=Histoire de l'École Navale et des institutions qui l'ont précédée, par un ancien officier. |url=https://archive.org/details/histoiredelcol00pariuoft/page/n7 |publisher=Maison Quantin, Compagnie Générale d’Impression et d’Édition, 7 Rue Saint Benoit, Paris. 1889 |accessdate=25 December 2019}}</ref> An example of a non-military book for which he provided illustrations is the 1891 edition of ''Le Confession D'Un Enfant Du Siècle'' (The Confession of a Child of the Century) by [[Alfred de Musset]]. This contained 10 drawings by Jazet. <ref>{{cite web |title=Le Confession D'Un Enfant Du Siècle |url=https://auctions.dreweatts.com/auction-024/itemDetails/621/215114 |accessdate=4 May 2019}}</ref>


⚫
The highest recent auction price for one of Jazet's oil paintings was for ''The Death of Lord Nelson'', measuring 41¾ x 61¾ in. (106 x 156.8&nbsp;cm.) and dated 1882. It achieved $137,000 (hammer plus buyers' premium) at Christie's New York on 27 October 2014.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Death of Lord Nelson |url=https://www.christies.com/lotfinder/Lot/paul-leon-jazet-french-1848-1918-the-death-5834679-details.aspx |access-date=12 April 2019}}</ref>
⚫
It is suggested that later in his career Jazet broadened his interests, and that the art work attributed to his father Alexandre-Jean-Louis Jazet , produced during the late [[Belle Époque]] and the [[Art Nouveau]] periods and signed by the pseudonym 'Japhet', was in fact produced by Paul-Léon Jazet. Such work included fans, postcards, posters and costume design for comic opera and theatre. This included costume designs for the famous dancer and actress [[Loïe Fuller]] whose swirling silk costumes and theme dresses, such as a dress strongly inspired by a butterfly, were of great importance for the new approach towards the organic forms characteristic of the Art Nouveau period.<ref name="sotheby"/>


⚫
Paul-Léon Jazet also illustrated books.<ref>{{cite web |title=Prints and book illustrations by Paul-Léon Jazet |url=https://www.abebooks.com/book-search/author/jazet-paul-leon/ |access-date=7 May 2019}}</ref> One was about the famous French military training school titled '' Histoire de l'[[École spéciale militaire de Saint-Cyr]] par un ancien saint-cyrien'' (History of the military academy of Saint-Cyr by an old saint-cyrien). This was first published in 1886 and contained 52 full-page black and white prints by Jazet.<ref>{{cite web |title=History of the military academy of Saint-Cyr by an old saint-cyrien. Images of text. |url=https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k65122178/f75.image.texteImage |access-date=29 April 2019}}</ref> Paperback versions are still produced today.<ref>{{cite book |title=École spéciale militaire de Saint-Cyr. Paperback. |id={{ASIN|2014465657|country=fr}} }}</ref> Similarly, in 1889, Jazet provided 40 illustrations for a book on French naval training history.<ref>{{cite web |title=Histoire de l'École Navale et des institutions qui l'ont précédée, par un ancien officier. |url=https://archive.org/details/histoiredelcol00pariuoft/page/n7 |publisher=Maison Quantin, Compagnie Générale d’Impression et d’Édition, 7 Rue Saint Benoit, Paris. 1889 |access-date=25 December 2019}}</ref> An example of a non-military book for which he provided illustrations is the 1891 edition of ''La Confession D'Un Enfant Du Siècle'' (The Confession of a Child of the Century) by [[Alfred de Musset]]. This contained 10 drawings by Jazet.<ref>{{cite book |last1=de Musset |first1=Alfred |title=La Confession D'Un Enfant Du Siècle |date=1891 |publisher=Ancienne Maison Quantin, Librairies-Imprimeries Réunies |location=Paris}}</ref>


⚫
It is suggested that later in his career Jazet broadened his interests, and that the art work attributed to his father Alexandre-Jean-Louis Jazet, produced during the late [[Belle Époque]] and the [[Art Nouveau]] periods and signed by the pseudonym 'Japhet', was in fact produced by Paul-Léon Jazet. Such work included fans, postcards, posters and costume design for comic opera and theatre. This included costume designs for the famous dancer and actress [[Loïe Fuller]] whose swirling silk costumes and theme dresses, such as a dress strongly inspired by a butterfly, exemplified the new approach expressing organic forms characteristic of the Art Nouveau period.<ref name="sotheby"/>


== References ==
== References ==
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}


{{Authority control}}
{{Authority control (arts)}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Jazet, Paul Leon}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Jazet, Paul Leon}}

Latest revision as of 00:50, 4 July 2024

Paul-Léon Jazet (13 June 1848 – 1918) was a French painter born in Paris, the son of the engraver Alexandre-Jean-Louis Jazet (1814–21 February 1897).[1][2] For much of his career, he was mostly known for genre scenes, portraits and military subjects.[2][3][4][5]

Career

[edit]

After a pupillage with Félix-Joseph Barrias his career developed successfully and he became a regular exhibitor at the Paris Salon. The influence of the Franco-Prussian War is reflected in his many paintings with military subjects. These and his other works were often copied and marketed as photographs and prints by the prominent Paris-based art dealer Goupil & Cie.[6]

Paul-Léon Jazet made his debut in the Paris Salon in 1869, becoming a member in 1886.. The following are the titles of paintings he exhibited at the Salon during 1869–1881.[7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] Some English translations have been indicated where they are likely to be appropriate to the subject of an unseen painting. As a result of the Franco-Prussian War there was no Salon in 1871.[18]

1869
Portrait de M.A. de B.....
Un Message
1870
Avant la Déclaration
Indiscrétion
1872
Repaire/ Lair or den of criminals
1873
Une Affaire d'Honneur
1874
Franc-tireurs dans la forêt de Fontainebleau/ Franc-tireurs in the forest of Fontainebleau
1875
Une Facheuse Aventure
1876
The Bivouac
1877
Play of Princes, illustration of XV111th Century Manners
1878
Après le Baptême/After the Baptism
Une Mésalliance/An Unsuitable marriage
1879
Le Billet de Logement. Oil on panel, signed and dated P Jazet 1879.

:Le Fils Unique/Entre Deux Victoires (name change in later printed versions)

Billet de Logement/Letter of Lodging
1880
Departure of the Squadron
1881
Le Boute-selle/Call to Horse
Aux Avant-poste/The Advance Guard
Paul-Léon Jazet in his Paris studio (c1885).

Jazet was always based in Paris, and around 1885 his studio was photographed by Edmond Bénard.[19] A possible studio address at this time is 2 Rue Aumont-Thiéville. This is included in the 1885 Salon entry recording that Jazet exhibited a painting titled Trop Novice.[20] Alternatively, this entry also suggests that the rather fine looking studio could have been provided at 9 Rue Chaptal by Boussod, Valedon & Cie the successors to Goupil & Cie.[21] It is interesting to note that the dog seen in the 1879 painting Le Billet de Logement was a prop kept in the studio.

The highest recent auction price for one of Jazet's oil paintings was for The Death of Lord Nelson, measuring 41¾ x 61¾ in. (106 x 156.8 cm.) and dated 1882. It achieved $137,000 (hammer plus buyers' premium) at Christie's New York on 27 October 2014.[22]

Paul-Léon Jazet also illustrated books.[23] One was about the famous French military training school titled Histoire de l'École spéciale militaire de Saint-Cyr par un ancien saint-cyrien (History of the military academy of Saint-Cyr by an old saint-cyrien). This was first published in 1886 and contained 52 full-page black and white prints by Jazet.[24] Paperback versions are still produced today.[25] Similarly, in 1889, Jazet provided 40 illustrations for a book on French naval training history.[26] An example of a non-military book for which he provided illustrations is the 1891 edition of La Confession D'Un Enfant Du Siècle (The Confession of a Child of the Century) by Alfred de Musset. This contained 10 drawings by Jazet.[27]

It is suggested that later in his career Jazet broadened his interests, and that the art work attributed to his father Alexandre-Jean-Louis Jazet, produced during the late Belle Époque and the Art Nouveau periods and signed by the pseudonym 'Japhet', was in fact produced by Paul-Léon Jazet. Such work included fans, postcards, posters and costume design for comic opera and theatre. This included costume designs for the famous dancer and actress Loïe Fuller whose swirling silk costumes and theme dresses, such as a dress strongly inspired by a butterfly, exemplified the new approach expressing organic forms characteristic of the Art Nouveau period.[2]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Alexandre Jean Louis Jazet (Biographical details)". Retrieved 12 April 2019.
  2. ^ a b c "'Allegory of the new woman'. An ivory fan, Paul-Léon Jazet, so called 'Japhet', French, circa 1890". Retrieved 12 April 2019.
  3. ^ "Paul-Léon Jazet". Art of the Print.
  4. ^ "Explore Paul Léon Jazet". rkd.nl. Retrieved 2016-05-11.
  5. ^ "BnF Catalogue général". catalogue.bnf.fr. Retrieved 2016-05-11.
  6. ^ "Goupil & Cie". Retrieved 13 April 2019.
  7. ^ "The Masterpieces of French Art". Retrieved 13 April 2019.
  8. ^ "Salon de 1869". Retrieved 13 April 2019.
  9. ^ "Salon de 1870". Retrieved 13 April 2019.
  10. ^ "Salon de 1873". Retrieved 14 April 2019.
  11. ^ "Salon de 1874". Retrieved 14 April 2019.
  12. ^ "Salon de !875". Retrieved 14 April 2019.
  13. ^ "Salon de 1876". Retrieved 14 April 2019.
  14. ^ "Salon de 1877". Retrieved 14 April 2019.
  15. ^ "Salon de 1878". Retrieved 15 April 2019.
  16. ^ "Salon de 1879". Retrieved 13 April 2019.
  17. ^ "Salon de !880". Retrieved 14 April 2019.
  18. ^ "No Salon in 1871". Retrieved 14 April 2019.
  19. ^ "French painter Paul Léon Jazet in his Paris studio. Two photographs by Edmond Bénard c.1885. Albumen prints". Retrieved 12 April 2019.
  20. ^ "Jazet address 1885". Retrieved 15 April 2019.
  21. ^ "Boussod, Valedon & Cie".
  22. ^ "The Death of Lord Nelson". Retrieved 12 April 2019.
  23. ^ "Prints and book illustrations by Paul-Léon Jazet". Retrieved 7 May 2019.
  24. ^ "History of the military academy of Saint-Cyr by an old saint-cyrien. Images of text". Retrieved 29 April 2019.
  25. ^ École spéciale militaire de Saint-Cyr. Paperback. ASIN 2014465657.
  26. ^ "Histoire de l'École Navale et des institutions qui l'ont précédée, par un ancien officier". Maison Quantin, Compagnie Générale d’Impression et d’Édition, 7 Rue Saint Benoit, Paris. 1889. Retrieved 25 December 2019.
  27. ^ de Musset, Alfred (1891). La Confession D'Un Enfant Du Siècle. Paris: Ancienne Maison Quantin, Librairies-Imprimeries Réunies.
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