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{{infobox military conflict
{{infobox military conflict
| conflict = Ottoman campaign against Hormuz<br>(1552–1554)
| conflict = Ottoman campaign against Hormuz<br>(1552–1554)
| partof = [[Ottoman–Portuguese conflicts (1538–1559)]]
| partof = [[Ottoman–Portuguese conflicts (1538–1559)]]
| image = [[File:Piris Reis expedition map-fr.svg|300px|center]]<br>[[File:Seydi Ali-Ambush.png|300px|center]]
| image = [[File:Piris Reis expedition map-fr.svg|300px|center]]<br>[[File:Seydi Ali-Ambush.png|300px|center]]
| caption = Seydi Ali Reis and his galleys taken in an ambush by Portuguese forces while trying to bring back his fleet from Basra to Suez in August 1554.
| caption = Seydi Ali Reis and his galleys taken in an ambush by Portuguese forces while trying to bring back his fleet from Basra to Suez in August 1554.
| date = 1552–1554
| date = 1552–1554
| place = [[Persian Gulf]]
| place = [[Persian Gulf]]
| coordinates =
| coordinates =
| map_type =
| map_type =
| latitude =
| latitude =
| longitude =
| longitude =
| map_size =
| map_size =
| map_caption =
| map_caption =
| map_label =
| map_label =
| territory =
| territory =
| result = Portuguese victory{{sfn|Mikaberidze|2011|p=722}}{{sfn|Kunt|Woodhead|1995|pp=63–64}}
| result = Portuguese victory <br> Ottoman force destroyed
| status =
| status =
| combatant1 = [[File:Flag Portugal (1521).svg|border|25px]][[Portuguese Empire]]
| combatant1 = {{ublist|[[File:Flag Portugal (1521).svg|border|25px]] [[Portuguese Empire]]}}
*[[Ormus|Kingdom of Hormus]]
*[[Ormus|Kingdom of Hormus]]
| combatant2 = [[File:Naval_Ensign_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_(1453–1793).svg|25px]] [[Ottoman Empire]]
| combatant2 = [[File:Naval_Ensign_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_(1453–1793).svg|25px]] [[Ottoman Empire]]
| combatant3 =
| combatant3 =
| commander1 = [[Afonso de Noronha]]
| commander1 = [[File:Flag Portugal (1521).svg|border|25px]] Dom Afonso de Noronha<br>[[File:Flag Portugal (1521).svg|border|25px]] Dom [[Diogo de Noronha]]
| commander2 = [[Piri Reis]]<br>[[Seydi Ali Reis]]
| commander2 = [[File:Naval_Ensign_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_(1453–1793).svg|25px]] [[Piri Reis]]<br>[[File:Naval_Ensign_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_(1453–1793).svg|25px]] [[Seydi Ali Reis]]
| commander3 =
| commander3 =
| units1 =
| units1 =
| units2 =
| units2 =
| units3 =
| units3 =
| strength1 = unknown
| strength1 = Unknown
| strength2 = 4 galleons<br>25 galleys<br>850 troops
| strength2 = 4 galleons<br>25 galleys<br>850 troops
| strength3 =
| strength3 =
| casualties1 = unknown
| casualties1 =
| casualties2 = All ships destroyed or captured
| casualties2 =
| casualties3 =
| casualties3 =
| notes =
| notes =
}}
}}


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{{Portuguese colonial campaigns}}
{{Portuguese colonial campaigns}}
{{Campaignbox Ottoman-Portuguese conflicts (1538–1559)}}
{{Campaignbox Ottoman-Portuguese conflicts (1538–1559)}}
The '''Ottoman campaign against Hormuz''' took place in 1552–54. An Ottoman fleet led by Admiral [[Piri Reis]] and [[Seydi Ali Reis]] was dispatched from the Ottoman harbour of [[Suez]] to eliminate the Portuguese presence from the northwestern part of the [[Indian Ocean]], and especially their fortress at [[Hormuz Island]].
The '''Ottoman campaign against Hormuz''' took place in 1552–1554. An Ottoman fleet led by Admiral [[Piri Reis]] and [[Seydi Ali Reis]] was dispatched from the Ottoman harbour of [[Suez]] to eliminate the Portuguese presence from the northwestern part of the [[Indian Ocean]], and especially their fortress at [[Hormuz Island]].


==Preliminaries==
==Preliminaries==
The Ottomans were able to take possession of [[Basra]] from [[Persia]] during the [[Ottoman–Safavid War (1532–1555)]]. The Ottomans were then able to capture several key positions in the [[Persian Gulf]]. In 1550, they captured [[Qatīf]].<ref name="Cambridge 332"/>
The Ottomans were able to take possession of [[Basra]] from [[Persia]] during the [[Ottoman–Safavid War (1532–1555)]]. The Ottomans were then able to capture several key positions in the [[Persian Gulf]]. In 1550, they captured [[Qatīf]].<ref name="Cambridge 332"/>


In the 1552–54 expedition, the Ottoman force consisted in 4 [[galleons]], 25 [[Galley|galleys]], and 850 troops, dispatched from the Ottoman harbour of [[Suez]].<ref name="Malekandathil 117">''Maritime India-Trade, Religion and Polity In the Indian Ocean'' by Pius Malekandathil p.117 [https://books.google.com/books?id=rN69iFj1PJoC&pg=PA117]</ref>
In the 1552–1554 expedition, the Ottoman force consisted in 4 [[galleons]], 25 [[Galley|galleys]], and 850 troops, dispatched from the Ottoman harbour of [[Suez]].<ref name="Malekandathil 117">''Maritime India-Trade, Religion and Polity In the Indian Ocean'' by Pius Malekandathil p.117 [https://books.google.com/books?id=rN69iFj1PJoC&pg=PA117]</ref>


==Sieges of Muscat and Hormuz==
==Sieges of Muscat and Hormuz==
The fleet managed to sack Portuguese [[Muscat, Oman|Muscat]], modern [[Oman]], in August 1552 in the [[Capture of Muscat (1552)|Capture of Muscat]]. Soon, however, the Ottomans departed. However, they were unsuccessful in the Siege of Hormuz in September 1552.<ref name="Cambridge 332">''The Cambridge history of Islam'' Peter Malcolm Holt, Ann K. S. Lambton, Bernard Lewis p.332 [https://books.google.com/books?id=j15MBH-FIwkC&pg=PA332]</ref>
The fleet managed to sack Portuguese [[Muscat, Oman|Muscat]], modern [[Oman]], in August 1552 in the [[Capture of Muscat (1552)|Capture of Muscat]]. Soon, however, the Ottomans departed. However, they were unsuccessful in the [[Siege of Hormuz (1552)|Siege of Hormuz]] in September 1552.<ref name="Cambridge 332">''The Cambridge history of Islam'' Peter Malcolm Holt, Ann K. S. Lambton, Bernard Lewis p.332 [https://books.google.com/books?id=j15MBH-FIwkC&pg=PA332]</ref>


Ultimately, the fleet managed to occupy and control the coasts of [[Yemen]], [[Aden]] and [[Arabian Peninsula|Arabia]], as far north as [[Basra]], so as to facilitate their trade with [[India]].<ref name="Malekandathil 117"/> The fleet went up to [[Basra]], then an Ottoman harbour. They were unable to capture [[Bahrain]] in 1559.<ref name="Cambridge 332"/>
Ultimately, the fleet managed to occupy and control the coasts of [[Yemen]], [[Aden]], and [[Arabian Peninsula|Arabia]], as far north as [[Basra]], so as to facilitate their trade with [[India]].<ref name="Malekandathil 117"/> The fleet went up to [[Basra]], then an Ottoman harbour. They were unable to capture [[Bahrain]] in 1559.<ref name="Cambridge 332"/>


Meanwhile, during the year 1553, [[Seydi Ali Reis]] was leading an expedition against the Portuguese into the [[India Ocean]], but he was unsuccessful.<ref name="Cambridge 332"/>
Meanwhile, during the year 1553, [[Seydi Ali Reis]] was leading an expedition against the Portuguese into the [[Indian Ocean]], but he was unsuccessful.<ref name="Cambridge 332"/>


[[Seydi Ali Reis]] and his galleys would be taken in an ambush ([[Battle of the Gulf of Oman]]) by Portuguese forces while he was trying to bring back his fleet from [[Basra]] to [[Suez]] in August 1554.
[[Seydi Ali Reis]] and his galleys would be taken in an ambush ([[Battle of the Gulf of Oman]]) by Portuguese forces while he was trying to bring back his fleet from [[Basra]] to [[Suez]] in August 1554.
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==See also==
==See also==
* [[Capture of Aden (1548)]]
* [[Capture of Aden (1548)]]
* [[Siege of Hormuz (1552)]]
* [[Capture of Muscat (1552)]]
* [[Battle of the Strait of Hormuz (1553)]]
* [[Battle of the Gulf of Oman]]


==Notes==
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}

==Sources==
* {{cite book|last1=Kunt|first1=I.Metin|last2=Woodhead|first2=Christine|title=Suleyman the Magnificent and His Age: The Ottoman Empire in the Early Modern World|date=1995|publisher=Routledge|url=https://www.routledge.com/Suleyman-the-Magnificent-and-His-Age-The-Ottoman-Empire-in-the-Early-Modern/Kunt-Woodhead/p/book/9780582038271|isbn=978-0582038271}}
* {{cite book|editor-last1=Mikaberidze|editor-first1=Alexander|editor-link1=Alexander Mikaberidze|title=Conflict and Conquest in the Islamic World: A Historical Encyclopedia, Volume 1|date=2011|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-1-59884-336-1}}

{{Major Ottoman sieges}}
{{Major Ottoman sieges}}


Latest revision as of 12:01, 25 September 2024

Ottoman campaign against Hormuz
(1552–1554)
Part of Ottoman–Portuguese conflicts (1538–1559)


Seydi Ali Reis and his galleys taken in an ambush by Portuguese forces while trying to bring back his fleet from Basra to Suez in August 1554.
Date1552–1554
Location
Persian Gulf
Result Portuguese victory[1][2]
Belligerents
 Ottoman Empire
Commanders and leaders
Dom Afonso de Noronha
Dom Diogo de Noronha		 Piri Reis
Seydi Ali Reis
Strength
Unknown 4 galleons
25 galleys
850 troops

The Ottoman campaign against Hormuz took place in 1552–1554. An Ottoman fleet led by Admiral Piri Reis and Seydi Ali Reis was dispatched from the Ottoman harbour of Suez to eliminate the Portuguese presence from the northwestern part of the Indian Ocean, and especially their fortress at Hormuz Island.

Preliminaries

[edit]

The Ottomans were able to take possession of Basra from Persia during the Ottoman–Safavid War (1532–1555). The Ottomans were then able to capture several key positions in the Persian Gulf. In 1550, they captured Qatīf.[3]

In the 1552–1554 expedition, the Ottoman force consisted in 4 galleons, 25 galleys, and 850 troops, dispatched from the Ottoman harbour of Suez.[4]

Sieges of Muscat and Hormuz

[edit]

The fleet managed to sack Portuguese Muscat, modern Oman, in August 1552 in the Capture of Muscat. Soon, however, the Ottomans departed. However, they were unsuccessful in the Siege of Hormuz in September 1552.[3]

Ultimately, the fleet managed to occupy and control the coasts of Yemen, Aden, and Arabia, as far north as Basra, so as to facilitate their trade with India.[4] The fleet went up to Basra, then an Ottoman harbour. They were unable to capture Bahrain in 1559.[3]

Meanwhile, during the year 1553, Seydi Ali Reis was leading an expedition against the Portuguese into the Indian Ocean, but he was unsuccessful.[3]

Seydi Ali Reis and his galleys would be taken in an ambush (Battle of the Gulf of Oman) by Portuguese forces while he was trying to bring back his fleet from Basra to Suez in August 1554.

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Mikaberidze 2011, p. 722.
  2. ^ Kunt & Woodhead 1995, pp. 63–64.
  3. ^ a b c d The Cambridge history of Islam Peter Malcolm Holt, Ann K. S. Lambton, Bernard Lewis p.332 [1]
  4. ^ a b Maritime India-Trade, Religion and Polity In the Indian Ocean by Pius Malekandathil p.117 [2]

Sources

[edit]
  • Kunt, I.Metin; Woodhead, Christine (1995). Suleyman the Magnificent and His Age: The Ottoman Empire in the Early Modern World. Routledge. ISBN 978-0582038271.
  • Mikaberidze, Alexander, ed. (2011). Conflict and Conquest in the Islamic World: A Historical Encyclopedia, Volume 1. ABC-CLIO. ISBN 978-1-59884-336-1.
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