View source for Ottoman campaign against Hormuz

{{infobox military conflict
| conflict          = Ottoman campaign against Hormuz<br>(1552–1554)
| partof            = [[Ottoman–Portuguese conflicts (1538–1559)]]
| image             = [[File:Piris Reis expedition map-fr.svg|300px|center]]<br>[[File:Seydi Ali-Ambush.png|300px|center]]
| caption           = Seydi Ali Reis and his galleys taken in an ambush by Portuguese forces while trying to bring back his fleet from Basra to Suez in August 1554.
| date              = 1552–1554
| place             = [[Persian Gulf]]
| coordinates       = 
| map_type          = 
| latitude          = 
| longitude         = 
| map_size          = 
| map_caption       = 
| map_label         = 
| territory         = 
| result            = Portuguese victory{{sfn|Mikaberidze|2011|p=722}}{{sfn|Kunt|Woodhead|1995|pp=63–64}}
| status            = 
| combatant1        = {{ublist|[[File:Flag Portugal (1521).svg|border|25px]] [[Portuguese Empire]]}}
*[[Ormus|Kingdom of Hormus]]
| combatant2        = [[File:Naval_Ensign_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_(1453–1793).svg|25px]] [[Ottoman Empire]]
| combatant3        = 
| commander1        = [[File:Flag Portugal (1521).svg|border|25px]] Dom Afonso de Noronha<br>[[File:Flag Portugal (1521).svg|border|25px]] Dom [[Diogo de Noronha]]
| commander2        = [[File:Naval_Ensign_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_(1453–1793).svg|25px]] [[Piri Reis]]<br>[[File:Naval_Ensign_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_(1453–1793).svg|25px]] [[Seydi Ali Reis]]
| commander3        = 
| units1            = 
| units2            = 
| units3            = 
| strength1         = Unknown
| strength2         = 4 galleons<br>25 galleys<br>850 troops
| strength3         = 
| casualties1       = 
| casualties2       = 
| casualties3       = 
| notes             = 
}}

{{Portuguese battles in the Indian Ocean}}
{{Portuguese colonial campaigns}}
{{Campaignbox Ottoman-Portuguese conflicts (1538–1559)}}
The '''Ottoman campaign against Hormuz''' took place in 1552–1554. An Ottoman fleet led by Admiral [[Piri Reis]] and [[Seydi Ali Reis]] was dispatched from the Ottoman harbour of [[Suez]] to eliminate the Portuguese presence from the northwestern part of the [[Indian Ocean]], and especially their fortress at [[Hormuz Island]].

==Preliminaries==
The Ottomans were able to take possession of [[Basra]] from [[Persia]] during the [[Ottoman–Safavid War (1532–1555)]]. The Ottomans were then able to capture several key positions in the [[Persian Gulf]]. In 1550, they captured [[Qatīf]].<ref name="Cambridge 332"/>

In the 1552–1554 expedition, the Ottoman force consisted in 4 [[galleons]], 25 [[Galley|galleys]], and 850 troops, dispatched from the Ottoman harbour of [[Suez]].<ref name="Malekandathil 117">''Maritime India-Trade, Religion and Polity In the Indian Ocean'' by Pius Malekandathil p.117 [https://books.google.com/books?id=rN69iFj1PJoC&pg=PA117]</ref>

==Sieges of Muscat and Hormuz==
The fleet managed to sack Portuguese [[Muscat, Oman|Muscat]], modern [[Oman]], in August 1552 in the [[Capture of Muscat (1552)|Capture of Muscat]]. Soon, however, the Ottomans departed. However, they were unsuccessful in the [[Siege of Hormuz (1552)|Siege of Hormuz]] in September 1552.<ref name="Cambridge 332">''The Cambridge history of Islam'' Peter Malcolm Holt, Ann K. S. Lambton, Bernard Lewis p.332 [https://books.google.com/books?id=j15MBH-FIwkC&pg=PA332]</ref>

Ultimately, the fleet managed to occupy and control the coasts of [[Yemen]], [[Aden]], and [[Arabian Peninsula|Arabia]], as far north as [[Basra]], so as to facilitate their trade with [[India]].<ref name="Malekandathil 117"/> The fleet went up to [[Basra]], then an Ottoman harbour. They were unable to capture [[Bahrain]] in 1559.<ref name="Cambridge 332"/>

Meanwhile, during the year 1553, [[Seydi Ali Reis]] was leading an expedition against the Portuguese into the [[Indian Ocean]], but he was unsuccessful.<ref name="Cambridge 332"/>

[[Seydi Ali Reis]] and his galleys would be taken in an ambush ([[Battle of the Gulf of Oman]])  by Portuguese forces while he was trying to bring back his fleet from [[Basra]] to [[Suez]] in August 1554.

==See also==
* [[Capture of Aden (1548)]]
* [[Siege of Hormuz (1552)]]
* [[Capture of Muscat (1552)]]
* [[Battle of the Strait of Hormuz (1553)]]
* [[Battle of the Gulf of Oman]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Sources==
* {{cite book|last1=Kunt|first1=I.Metin|last2=Woodhead|first2=Christine|title=Suleyman the Magnificent and His Age: The Ottoman Empire in the Early Modern World|date=1995|publisher=Routledge|url=https://www.routledge.com/Suleyman-the-Magnificent-and-His-Age-The-Ottoman-Empire-in-the-Early-Modern/Kunt-Woodhead/p/book/9780582038271|isbn=978-0582038271}}
* {{cite book|editor-last1=Mikaberidze|editor-first1=Alexander|editor-link1=Alexander Mikaberidze|title=Conflict and Conquest in the Islamic World: A Historical Encyclopedia, Volume 1|date=2011|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-1-59884-336-1}}

{{Major Ottoman sieges}}

[[Category:Suleiman the Magnificent|Campaign against Hormuz]]
[[Category:Piri Reis|Campaign against Hormuz]]
[[Category:Conflicts in 1552]]
[[Category:Military campaigns involving the Ottoman Empire|Hormuz]]
[[Category:Ottoman–Portuguese conflicts]]
[[Category:1552 in Asia]]
[[Category:1552 in the Ottoman Empire]]
[[Category:Hormuz Island]]
[[Category:16th century in Iran]]