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| ImageFile2 = NiOOHsideCrop.tif
| ImageFile2 = NiOOHsideCrop.tif
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| IUPACName =
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| OtherNames = Nickel Oxyhydroxide
| OtherNames = Nickel Oxyhydroxide
|Section1={{Chembox Identifiers
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| MolarMass = 91.699 g/mol
| MolarMass = 91.699 g/mol
| Appearance = black solid
| Appearance = black solid
| Density =
| Density =
| MeltingPtC = 230
| MeltingPtC = 230
| BoilingPt =
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| Solubility = }}
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'''Nickel oxide hydroxide''' is the [[inorganic compound]] with the chemical formula NiO(OH). It is a black solid that is insoluble in all solvents but attacked by base and acid. It is a component of the [[nickel-metal hydride battery]].
'''Nickel oxide hydroxide''' is the [[inorganic compound]] with the chemical formula NiO(OH). It is a black solid that is insoluble in all solvents but attacked by base and acid. It is a component of the [[nickel–metal hydride battery]] and of the [[nickel–iron battery]].


==Related materials==
==Related materials==
Nickel(III) oxides are often poorly characterized and are assumed to be [[nonstoichiometric compounds]]. [[Nickel(III) oxide]] (Ni<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>) has not been verified crystallographically. For applications in organic chemistry, nickel oxides or peroxides are generated in situ and lack crystallographic characterization. For example, "nickel peroxide" ([[CAS Registry Number|CAS#]] 12035-36-8) is also closely related to or even identical with NiO(OH).<ref>Gary W. Morrow "Nickel(II) Peroxide" Encyclopedia of Reagents for Organic Synthesis, 2001 John Wiley & Sons. {{DOI|10.1002/047084289X.rn017}}</ref>
Nickel(III) oxides are often poorly characterized and are assumed to be [[nonstoichiometric compounds]]. [[Nickel(III) oxide]] (Ni<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>) has not been verified crystallographically. For applications in organic chemistry, nickel oxides or peroxides are generated in situ and lack crystallographic characterization. For example, "nickel peroxide" ([[CAS Registry Number|CAS#]] 12035-36-8) is also closely related to or even identical with NiO(OH).<ref>Gary W. Morrow "Nickel(II) Peroxide" Encyclopedia of Reagents for Organic Synthesis, 2001 John Wiley & Sons. {{doi|10.1002/047084289X.rn017}}</ref>


==Synthesis and structure==
==Synthesis and structure==
Its layered structure resembles that of the [[brucite]] polymorph of [[nickel(II) hydroxide]], but with half as many hydrogens. The oxidation state of nickel is 3+.<ref>Casas-Cabanas, M.; Canales-Vazquez, J.; Rodriguez Carvajal, J.; Palacin, M.R. "Characterizing nickel battery materials: crystal structure of beta-(NiOOH)" Materials Research Society Symposia Proceedings (2009) 1126, p131-p136.</ref> It can be prepared by the reaction of nickel(II) nitrate with aqueous [[potassium hydroxide]] and [[bromine]] as the oxidant:<ref>O. Glemser "β-Nickel(III) Hydroxide" in Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry, 2nd Ed. Edited by G. Brauer, Academic Press, 1963, NY. Vol. 1. p. 1549.</ref>
Its layered structure resembles that of the [[brucite]] polymorph of [[nickel(II) hydroxide]], but with half as many hydrogens. The oxidation state of nickel is 3+.<ref>Casas-Cabanas, M.; Canales-Vazquez, J.; Rodriguez Carvajal, J.; Palacin, M.R. "Characterizing nickel battery materials: crystal structure of beta-(NiOOH)" Materials Research Society Symposia Proceedings (2009) 1126, p131-p136.</ref> It can be prepared by the reaction of nickel(II) hydroxide with aqueous [[potassium hydroxide]] and [[bromine]] as the oxidant:<ref>O. Glemser "β-Nickel(III) Hydroxide" in Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry, 2nd Ed. Edited by G. Brauer, Academic Press, 1963, NY. Vol. 1. p. 1549.</ref>
: 2 Ni(OH)<sub>2</sub> + 2 KOH + Br<sub>2</sub> → 2 KBr + 2 H<sub>2</sub>O + 2 NiOOH
: 2 Ni(OH)<sub>2</sub> + 2 KOH + Br<sub>2</sub> → 2 KBr + 2 H<sub>2</sub>O + 2 NiOOH


==Use in organic chemistry==
==Use in organic chemistry==
Nickel(III) oxides [[catalyst|catalyze]] the oxidation of [[benzyl alcohol]] to [[benzoic acid]] using bleach:<ref>''An Efficient and Practical System for the Catalytic Oxidation of Alcohols, Aldehydes, and ,-Unsaturated Carboxylic Acids'' Joseph M. Grill, James W. Ogle, and Stephen A. Miller [[J. Org. Chem.]]; '''2006'''; 71(25) pp 9291 - 9296; (Article) {{DOI|10.1021/jo0612574}}</ref>
Nickel(III) oxides [[catalyst|catalyze]] the oxidation of [[benzyl alcohol]] to [[benzoic acid]] using bleach:<ref>''An Efficient and Practical System for the Catalytic Oxidation of Alcohols, Aldehydes, and ,-Unsaturated Carboxylic Acids'' Joseph M. Grill, James W. Ogle, and Stephen A. Miller [[J. Org. Chem.]]; '''2006'''; 71(25) pp 9291 - 9296; (Article) {{doi|10.1021/jo0612574}}</ref>


:[[Image:NickelOxideHydroxide.png|400px|Nickel oxide hydroxide oxidation of benzyl alcohol]]
:[[Image:NickelOxideHydroxide.png|400px|Nickel oxide hydroxide oxidation of benzyl alcohol]]
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[[Category:Catalysts]]
[[Category:Catalysts]]
[[Category:Electrochemistry]]
[[Category:Electrochemistry]]
[[Category:Oxides]]
[[Category:Nickel compounds]]
[[Category:Nickel compounds]]
[[Category:Non-stoichiometric compounds]]
[[Category:Non-stoichiometric compounds]]
[[Category:Transition metal oxides]]


{{electrochem-stub}}

Latest revision as of 02:43, 20 November 2023

Nickel oxide hydroxide
Names
Other names
Nickel Oxyhydroxide
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
  • InChI=1S/Ni.H2O.O/h;1H2;/q+1;;/p-1
    Key: VUFYPLUHTVSSGR-UHFFFAOYSA-M
  • O[Ni]=O
Properties
Ni(O)(OH)
Molar mass 91.699 g/mol
Appearance black solid
Melting point 230 °C (446 °F; 503 K)
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).

Nickel oxide hydroxide is the inorganic compound with the chemical formula NiO(OH). It is a black solid that is insoluble in all solvents but attacked by base and acid. It is a component of the nickel–metal hydride battery and of the nickel–iron battery.

[edit]

Nickel(III) oxides are often poorly characterized and are assumed to be nonstoichiometric compounds. Nickel(III) oxide (Ni2O3) has not been verified crystallographically. For applications in organic chemistry, nickel oxides or peroxides are generated in situ and lack crystallographic characterization. For example, "nickel peroxide" (CAS# 12035-36-8) is also closely related to or even identical with NiO(OH).[1]

Synthesis and structure

[edit]

Its layered structure resembles that of the brucite polymorph of nickel(II) hydroxide, but with half as many hydrogens. The oxidation state of nickel is 3+.[2] It can be prepared by the reaction of nickel(II) hydroxide with aqueous potassium hydroxide and bromine as the oxidant:[3]

2 Ni(OH)2 + 2 KOH + Br2 → 2 KBr + 2 H2O + 2 NiOOH

Use in organic chemistry

[edit]

Nickel(III) oxides catalyze the oxidation of benzyl alcohol to benzoic acid using bleach:[4]

Nickel oxide hydroxide oxidation of benzyl alcohol

Similarly it catalyzes the double oxidation of 3-butenoic acid to fumaric acid:

Nickel oxide hydroxide oxidation of 3-butenoicid

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Gary W. Morrow "Nickel(II) Peroxide" Encyclopedia of Reagents for Organic Synthesis, 2001 John Wiley & Sons. doi:10.1002/047084289X.rn017
  2. ^ Casas-Cabanas, M.; Canales-Vazquez, J.; Rodriguez Carvajal, J.; Palacin, M.R. "Characterizing nickel battery materials: crystal structure of beta-(NiOOH)" Materials Research Society Symposia Proceedings (2009) 1126, p131-p136.
  3. ^ O. Glemser "β-Nickel(III) Hydroxide" in Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry, 2nd Ed. Edited by G. Brauer, Academic Press, 1963, NY. Vol. 1. p. 1549.
  4. ^ An Efficient and Practical System for the Catalytic Oxidation of Alcohols, Aldehydes, and ,-Unsaturated Carboxylic Acids Joseph M. Grill, James W. Ogle, and Stephen A. Miller J. Org. Chem.; 2006; 71(25) pp 9291 - 9296; (Article) doi:10.1021/jo0612574


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