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{{Infobox Museum
{{Infobox Museum
|name = National Museum of Aleppo<br/>{{lang-ar|متحف حلب الوطني}}
|name = National Museum of Aleppo<br>متحف حلب الوطني
|image = Musee Aleppo.jpg
|image = National Museum of Aleppo.jpg
|imagesize = 250
|imagesize = 250
|caption = The main entrance, a temple gateway from the Iron Age Neo Hittite settlement of Tell Halaf
|caption = The main entrance, a temple gateway from the Iron Age Neo-Hittite settlement of Tell Halaf
|map_type = Syria Aleppo
|map_type = Syria Aleppo
|map_caption = Location in Syria
|map_caption = Location in Aleppo
|latitude = 36.203754
|coordinates = {{coord|36.203754|37.150607|display=inline}}
|longitude = 37.150607
|established = 1931
|established = 1931
|dissolved =
|dissolved =
Line 19: Line 18:
}}
}}


The '''National Museum of Aleppo''' ({{lang-ar|متحف حلب الوطني}}) is the largest museum in the city of [[Aleppo]], founded in 1931. It is located in the heart of the northern city on Baron Street, adjacent to the famous [[Baron Hotel]] and near the [[Bab al-Faraj (Aleppo)|Bab al-Faraj clock tower]]. The majority of the museum's exhibitions are devoted to the archaeology of Syria, with most of the finds coming from [[archaeological site]]s of the northern part of the country.
The '''National Museum of Aleppo''' ({{langx|ar|متحف حلب الوطني}}) is the largest museum in the city of [[Aleppo]], [[Syria]], and was founded in 1931. It is located in the heart of the northern city on Baron Street, adjacent to the famous [[Baron Hotel]] and near the [[Bab al-Faraj (Aleppo)|Bab al-Faraj Square]] and [[Bab al-Faraj Clock Tower|Clock Tower]]. The majority of the museum's exhibitions are devoted to the archaeology of Syria, with most of the finds coming from [[archaeological site]]s of the northern part of the country.

Artefacts inside the museum were damaged in the [[2023 Turkey–Syria earthquake]].<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Hunter |first1=Marnie |last2=Alberti |first2=Mia |date=February 7, 2023 |title=UNESCO site 'in danger' faces greater peril after earthquake |url=https://www.cnn.com/travel/article/sites-damaged-unesco-turkey-syria-earthquake/index.html |access-date=2023-02-10 |website=[[CNN]] |language=en}}</ref>


==History of the museum==
==History of the museum==
In 1931, under the decision of the Syrian authorities, a small [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] palace was designated to become the National Museum in the city of Aleppo. After three decades, the building became too small to host the growing number of exhibited items. Therefore, it was decided in 1966 to demolish the old building and replace it with a larger, more modern structure.
In 1931, under the decision of the Syrian authorities, a small [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] palace was designated to become the National Museum in the city of Aleppo. After three decades, the building became too small to host the growing number of exhibited items. Therefore, it was decided in 1966 to demolish the old palace building and replace it with a larger, more modern structure. Construction of the new building commenced after Yugoslav architects Zdravko Bregovac and [[Vjenceslav Richter]]'s project proposal won first prize for their competition entry.<ref>Martina Munivrana, Vesna Meštrić (ed): Richter - Rebel With a Wision, Zagreb, 2017., p. 90</ref>

In July 2016 the museum was hit by numerous missiles and mortar shells fired by rebel forces. This caused extensive damage to the roof and structure of the building. Most of the collection had already been evacuated but concerns have been expressed regarding items which could not be moved.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.unesco.org/new/en/communication-and-information/resources/news-and-in-focus-articles/all-news/news/unesco_director_general_deplores_heavy_damages_at_the_nation/|title=UNESCO Director-General deplores heavy damages at the National Museum of Aleppo &#124; United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization}}</ref><ref>[http://www.panorama.am/en/news/2016/07/25/The-National-Museum-of-Aleppo-under-heavy-shelling/1617803 The National Museum of Aleppo under heavy shelling]</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.asor-syrianheritage.org/asor-cultural-heritage-initiatives-weekly-report-101-102-july-6-2016-july-19-2016/|title=Cultural Heritage Initiatives|date=17 November 2017 }}</ref>


==Collections==
==Collections==
[[File:Aleppo Museo - GAR - 10-02.jpg|thumb|Statues at the entrance of the museum.]]
Items form all historical periods are exhibited in the museum. However, the largest sections of the museum are devoted to the [[Iron Age]] and the [[Islamic]] period. The entrance to the museum is a temple gateway with a female sphinx from the Iron Age (9th century BC) [[Syro-Hittite states|Neo-Hittite]] settlement of [[Tell Halaf]].
Items from all historical periods are exhibited in the museum. However, the largest sections of the museum are devoted to the [[Iron Age]] and the [[Islamic]] period. The entrance to the museum is a temple gateway with a female sphinx from the Iron Age (9th century BC) [[Syro-Hittite states|Neo-Hittite]] settlement of [[Tell Halaf]].


===Ground floor===
===Ground floor===
The ground floor consists of two sections: the section of Prehistoric Culture and the section of Ancient Syrian Civilizations.
The ground floor consists of two sections: the section of Prehistoric Culture and the section of Ancient Syrian Civilizations.
The first section is a large hall containing numerous samples of human items and tools form the [[Stone Age]] found in the regions of Aleppo, [[Ain Dara]] and [[Ebla]]. It also contains the oldest civilized human shelter (8500 BC) brought from [[Mureybet]].
The first section is a large hall containing numerous samples of human items and tools form the [[Stone Age]] found in the regions of Aleppo, [[Ain Dara (archaeological site)|Ain Dara]] and [[Ebla]]. It also contains the oldest civilized human shelter (8500 BC) brought from [[Mureybet]].


The second section is divide into a group of halls, classified geographically according to the Syrian regions and dedicated to the ancient civilizations of Syria. Many [[Bronze Age]] objects from [[Hama]] and [[Ugarit]] are exhibited in the halls, statues and [[cuneiform script]]s from [[Mari, Syria|Mari]], as well as pieces discovered by [[Max Mallowan]] at the site of [[Nagar, Syria|Tell Brak]]. Moreover, [[Iron Age]] materials and [[Assyria]]n style statues from archeological sites of the [[Al-Jazira, Mesopotamia|Al-Jazeera region]], and the [[Euphrates]] region could be found.<ref>{{cite web | title = Syria gate: Aleppo Museum| url = http://www.syriagate.com/Syria/about/cities/Aleppo/museum.htm | publisher = Syriagate.com | accessdate = 2009-08-12}}</ref>
The second section is divide into a group of halls, classified geographically according to the Syrian regions and dedicated to the ancient civilizations of Syria. Many [[Bronze Age]] objects from [[Hama]] and [[Ugarit]] are exhibited in the halls, statues and [[cuneiform script]]s from [[Mari, Syria|Mari]], as well as pieces discovered by [[Max Mallowan]] at the site of [[Nagar, Syria|Tell Brak]]. Moreover, [[Iron Age]] materials and [[Assyria]]n style statues from archeological sites of the [[Upper Mesopotamia|Al-Jazeera region]], and the [[Euphrates]] region could be found.<ref>{{cite web| title = Syria gate: Aleppo Museum| url = http://www.syriagate.com/Syria/about/cities/Aleppo/museum.htm| publisher = Syriagate.com| access-date = 2009-08-12| url-status = dead| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090526000818/http://www.syriagate.com/Syria/about/cities/Aleppo/museum.htm| archive-date = 2009-05-26}}</ref>


[[File:Hetite God in Aleppo.jpg|thumb|''Tarhunzas'', ''Tarhius'' or ''[[Teshub]]'', the Neo-Hetite storm god]]
[[File:Hetite God in Aleppo.jpg|thumb|''Tarhunzas'', ''Tarhius'' or ''[[Teshub]]'', the Neo-Hittite storm god]]
The main halls of this section are:
The main halls of this section are:
*The Hall of Al Jazeera Hills.
*The Hall of Al Jazeera Hills
*The Hall of Mari.
*The Hall of Mari
*The Hall of Hama Region.
*The Hall of Hama Region
*The Hall of Ugarit.
*The Hall of Ugarit
*The Hall of Tell Halaf.
*The Hall of Tell Halaf
*The Hall of [[Arslan Tash]].
*The Hall of [[Arslan Tash]]
*The Hall of [[Til Barsip|Tell Ahmar]].
*The Hall of [[Til Barsip|Tell Ahmar]]
*The Hall of Ancient Statues and Cuneiform Scripts.
*The Hall of Ancient Statues and Cuneiform Scripts.
*The Hall of Ebla.
*The Hall of Ebla


===Second floor===
===Second floor===
Line 52: Line 56:


===Courtyard===
===Courtyard===
The internal courtyard of the museum is home to huge basaltic statues of ancient Hittite and Roman mythological characters and a big third-century [[mosaic]] figure. At the external courtyard, monuments of Assyrian, [[Aramaic]], Byzantine and Arabic civilizations are exhibited.<ref>{{cite web | title = Aleppo.us: Aleppo Museum| url = http://www.aleppo.us/news/view/30/ar/%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AD%D9%81_%D8%AD%D9%84%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B7%D9%86%D9%8A.html | publisher = Aleppo.us | accessdate = 2012-07-13}}</ref>
The internal courtyard of the museum is home to huge basaltic statues of ancient Hittite and Roman mythological characters and a big third-century [[mosaic]] figure. At the external courtyard, monuments of Assyrian, [[Aramaic]], Byzantine and Arabic civilizations are exhibited.<ref>{{cite web| title = Aleppo.us: Aleppo Museum| url = http://www.aleppo.us/news/view/30/ar/%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AD%D9%81_%D8%AD%D9%84%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B7%D9%86%D9%8A.html| publisher = Aleppo.us| access-date = 2012-07-13| archive-date = 2021-02-28| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210228093702/http://www.aleppo.us/news/view/30/ar/%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AD%D9%81_%D8%AD%D9%84%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B7%D9%86%D9%8A.html| url-status = dead}}</ref>


==Gallery==
==Gallery==
⚫
<gallery class="center" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="3">
<center>
⚫
<gallery widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow=3 caption=>
File:Aleppo, garden of the national museum.jpg|Statues at the museum yard
File:Aleppo, garden of the national museum.jpg|Statues at the museum yard
File:Deesse au vase (Mari).jpg|A historical statue from [[Mari, Syria|Mari]]
File:Deesse au vase (Mari).jpg|A historical statue from [[Mari, Syria|Mari]]
Statues from Mari. Syria - Aleppo - National Museum.jpg|Statues from [[Mari, Syria|Mari]] in the Aleppo museum
File:Aleppo museum interior.jpg|Inside the museum
File:Aleppo museum interior.jpg|Inside the museum
File:Melqart or Bir Hadad stele.jpg|[[Melqart stele]]
</gallery>
</gallery>
</center>


==See also==
==See also==
Line 67: Line 71:
*[[Deir ez-Zor Museum]]
*[[Deir ez-Zor Museum]]
*[[National Museum of Damascus]]
*[[National Museum of Damascus]]
* [[List of museums in Syria]]


==References==
==References==
Line 72: Line 77:


{{Aleppo landmarks}}
{{Aleppo landmarks}}
{{Islamic museums}}

{{Authority control}}
[[Category:Museums in Aleppo]]
[[Category:Museums in Aleppo]]
[[Category:Museums established in 1931]]
[[Category:Museums established in 1931]]
[[Category:Archaeological museums in Syria]]
[[Category:Archaeological museums in Syria]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Aleppo]]
[[Category:1931 establishments in Mandatory Syria]]
[[Category:1931 establishments in Syria]]
[[Category:Museums of Ancient Near East in Syria]]
[[Category:Museums of Ancient Near East]]
[[Category:Yugoslav architecture beyond former Yugoslavia]]

Latest revision as of 00:33, 24 October 2024

National Museum of Aleppo
متحف حلب الوطني
The main entrance, a temple gateway from the Iron Age Neo-Hittite settlement of Tell Halaf
National Museum of Aleppo is located in Aleppo
National Museum of Aleppo
Location in Aleppo
Established1931
LocationBaron Street, Aleppo, Syria
Coordinates36°12′14″N 37°09′02″E / 36.203754°N 37.150607°E / 36.203754; 37.150607
TypeArchaeological

The National Museum of Aleppo (Arabic: متحف حلب الوطني) is the largest museum in the city of Aleppo, Syria, and was founded in 1931. It is located in the heart of the northern city on Baron Street, adjacent to the famous Baron Hotel and near the Bab al-Faraj Square and Clock Tower. The majority of the museum's exhibitions are devoted to the archaeology of Syria, with most of the finds coming from archaeological sites of the northern part of the country.

Artefacts inside the museum were damaged in the 2023 Turkey–Syria earthquake.[1]

History of the museum

[edit]

In 1931, under the decision of the Syrian authorities, a small Ottoman palace was designated to become the National Museum in the city of Aleppo. After three decades, the building became too small to host the growing number of exhibited items. Therefore, it was decided in 1966 to demolish the old palace building and replace it with a larger, more modern structure. Construction of the new building commenced after Yugoslav architects Zdravko Bregovac and Vjenceslav Richter's project proposal won first prize for their competition entry.[2]

In July 2016 the museum was hit by numerous missiles and mortar shells fired by rebel forces. This caused extensive damage to the roof and structure of the building. Most of the collection had already been evacuated but concerns have been expressed regarding items which could not be moved.[3][4][5]

Collections

[edit]
Statues at the entrance of the museum.

Items from all historical periods are exhibited in the museum. However, the largest sections of the museum are devoted to the Iron Age and the Islamic period. The entrance to the museum is a temple gateway with a female sphinx from the Iron Age (9th century BC) Neo-Hittite settlement of Tell Halaf.

Ground floor

[edit]

The ground floor consists of two sections: the section of Prehistoric Culture and the section of Ancient Syrian Civilizations. The first section is a large hall containing numerous samples of human items and tools form the Stone Age found in the regions of Aleppo, Ain Dara and Ebla. It also contains the oldest civilized human shelter (8500 BC) brought from Mureybet.

The second section is divide into a group of halls, classified geographically according to the Syrian regions and dedicated to the ancient civilizations of Syria. Many Bronze Age objects from Hama and Ugarit are exhibited in the halls, statues and cuneiform scripts from Mari, as well as pieces discovered by Max Mallowan at the site of Tell Brak. Moreover, Iron Age materials and Assyrian style statues from archeological sites of the Al-Jazeera region, and the Euphrates region could be found.[6]

Tarhunzas, Tarhius or Teshub, the Neo-Hittite storm god

The main halls of this section are:

  • The Hall of Al Jazeera Hills
  • The Hall of Mari
  • The Hall of Hama Region
  • The Hall of Ugarit
  • The Hall of Tell Halaf
  • The Hall of Arslan Tash
  • The Hall of Tell Ahmar
  • The Hall of Ancient Statues and Cuneiform Scripts.
  • The Hall of Ebla

Second floor

[edit]

The upper floor of the museum contains three sections:

  • The section of Classical Remnants: Exhibits several objects of Greek, Hellenistic, Roman and Byzantine periods, such as coins, mosaics glassware and potteries.
  • The section of Arabic-Islamic History: This section contains several Arabic coins, manuscripts, potteries and an Islamic 12th-century tomb and a 12th-century astrolabe.
  • The section of Modern Art: Dedicated to the modern artists of Aleppo and other Syrian cities. It contains a scale model of the old city of Aleppo and a sixth-century fantastic mosaic.

Courtyard

[edit]

The internal courtyard of the museum is home to huge basaltic statues of ancient Hittite and Roman mythological characters and a big third-century mosaic figure. At the external courtyard, monuments of Assyrian, Aramaic, Byzantine and Arabic civilizations are exhibited.[7]

[edit]
  • Statues at the museum yard
    Statues at the museum yard
  • A historical statue from Mari
    A historical statue from Mari
  • Statues from Mari in the Aleppo museum
    Statues from Mari in the Aleppo museum
  • Inside the museum
    Inside the museum
  • Melqart stele
    Melqart stele

See also

[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Aleppo Museum.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Hunter, Marnie; Alberti, Mia (February 7, 2023). "UNESCO site 'in danger' faces greater peril after earthquake". CNN. Retrieved 2023-02-10.
  2. ^ Martina Munivrana, Vesna Meštrić (ed): Richter - Rebel With a Wision, Zagreb, 2017., p. 90
  3. ^ "UNESCO Director-General deplores heavy damages at the National Museum of Aleppo | United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization".
  4. ^ The National Museum of Aleppo under heavy shelling
  5. ^ "Cultural Heritage Initiatives". 17 November 2017.
  6. ^ "Syria gate: Aleppo Museum". Syriagate.com. Archived from the original on 2009-05-26. Retrieved 2009-08-12.
  7. ^ "Aleppo.us: Aleppo Museum". Aleppo.us. Archived from the original on 2021-02-28. Retrieved 2012-07-13.
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