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{{Short description|Species of bacterium}}
{{italic title}}
{{Confusing|date=February 2009}}


{{Speciesbox
{{Taxobox
| name = ''Mycobacterium nebraskense''
| taxon = Mycobacterium nebraskense
⚫
| authority = Mohamed et al. 2004, ATCC BAA-837
| regnum = [[Bacteria]]
| phylum = [[Actinobacteria]]
| ordo = [[Actinomycetales]]
| subordo = [[Corynebacterineae]]
| familia = [[Mycobacterium|Mycobacteriaceae]]
| genus = ''[[Mycobacterium]]''
| species = '''''M. nebraskense'''''
| binomial = ''Mycobacterium nebraskense''
⚫
| binomial_authority = Mohamed et al. 2004, ATCC BAA-837
}}
}}


'''''Mycobacterium nebraskense''''' is a slowly growing yellow pigmented [[mycobacterium]]<ref name="pmid15545434">{{cite journal |author=Mohamed AM, Iwen PC, Tarantolo S, Hinrichs SH |title=Mycobacterium nebraskense sp. nov., a novel slowly growing scotochromogenic species |journal=Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. |volume=54 |issue=Pt 6 |pages=2057–60 |year=2004 |month=November |pmid=15545434 |doi=10.1099/ijs.0.63126-0 |url=http://ijs.sgmjournals.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=15545434}}</ref> that was first isolated from human sputum in Nebraska, USA. [[Etymology]]: nebraskense, referring to the State of [[Nebraska]], USA.
'''''Mycobacterium nebraskense''''' is a slow growing, yellow, pigmented [[mycobacterium]]<ref name="pmid15545434">{{cite journal |vauthors=Mohamed AM, Iwen PC, Tarantolo S, Hinrichs SH |title=Mycobacterium nebraskense sp. nov., a novel slowly growing scotochromogenic species |journal=Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. |volume=54 |issue=Pt 6 |pages=2057–60 |date=November 2004 |pmid=15545434 |doi=10.1099/ijs.0.63126-0 |url=http://ijs.sgmjournals.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=15545434|doi-access=free }}</ref> that was first isolated from human [[sputum]] at the [[University of Nebraska Medical Center]], in Omaha, Nebraska, USA. Mycobacterium species are common causes of [[pulmonary]] infections in both humans and animals.


A thorough systemic analysis conducted at the [[Mayo Clinic Florida|Mayo Clinic]] 2023, based on all the published cases in the literature, highlights significant gender disparities in [[Mycobacterium nebraskense]] infections, indicating a higher susceptibility among females. <ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last1=Rajani |first1=Aayushi J. |last2=Roach |first2=Dawn |last3=Raval |first3=Darshankumar |last4=Amin |first4=Juhi |last5=Kempaiah |first5=Prakash |last6=Chitale |first6=Rohit |last7=Durvasula |first7=Ravindra |last8=Oring |first8=Justin |date=2023 |title=A systemic review of Mycobacterium nebraskense case reports up to october 2023, featuring our unique case study |journal=International Journal of Mycobacteriology |volume=12 |issue=4 |pages=443–447 |doi=10.4103/ijmy.ijmy_167_23 |doi-access=free |issn=2212-554X |pmid=38149541}}</ref>
==Description==
'''Microscopy'''
*Cells are non-spore-forming rods that stain [[acid-fast]].


Remarkably, a substantial portion of cases present with asymptomatic infections, complicating the understanding of disease manifestation. Individuals over 60 are particularly vulnerable to [[Mycobacterium nebraskense]] infections, emphasizing age-related susceptibility. Those with preexisting lung conditions are at a higher risk due to varied comorbidity profiles, adding complexity to the disease.<ref name=":0" />
'''Colony characteristics'''
*Mature colonies are rough with an elevated centre and produce strong yellow pigmentation in the dark.


Clinical decision-making, whether to treat or observe, is contingent upon individual presentations, with immunosuppressed individuals not universally requiring therapeutic intervention. The proposed empirical treatment approach includes antibiotics such as [[amikacin]], [[clarithromycin]], or [[rifabutin]], taking into consideration reported resistance to [[doxycycline]] and [[minocycline]]. Combination therapy is commonly advocated to minimize the risk of resistance development, aligning with established practices in managing mycobacterial infections.<ref name=":0" />
'''Physiology'''
*Mature growth is produced in 3 weeks on Middlebrook 7H10 medium and in 4 or more weeks on LJ medium at 25–35 C,
*Optimal growth at 30–35C and no growth at 42C.


⚫
==References==
'''Differential characteristics'''
{{Reflist}}
*The organism has unique Mycobacterium sequences for the [[16S rRNA]] gene and ITS1 region targets.
*Phylogenetic analysis using 16S rRNA gene sequences shows that ''M. nebraskense'' belongs to the slowly growing mycobacteria and is closely related to [[Mycobacterium kansasii]], [[Mycobacterium scrofulaceum]], [[Mycobacterium malmoense]] and [[Mycobacterium avium]].
*The organism is positive for heat-stable catalase and negative for nitrate reductase, urease activity, niacin accumulation, arylsulfatase activity at 3 days and pyrazinamidase production.
*Less than 45&nbsp;mm foam is produced in the semi-quantitative catalase test and variable results are indicated for Tween 80 hydrolysis. *Growth is inhibited on MacConkey agar without crystal violet and by the addition of 5%NaCl to the culture medium.


==Pathogenesis==
==External links==
*[http://bacdive.dsmz.de/index.php?search=8526&submit=Search Type strain of ''Mycobacterium nebraskense'' at Bac''Dive'' - the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase]
*Isolated from five different patients with symptomatic pulmonary infections.

==Type strain==
*Strain UNMC-MY 1349 = ATCC BAA-837 = DSM 44803.

⚫
==References==
{{reflist}}


{{Mycobacteria}}
{{Mycobacteria}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q6947068}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Mycobacterium Nebraskense}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Mycobacterium Nebraskense}}
[[Category:Acid fast bacilli]]
[[Category:Acid-fast bacilli]]
[[Category:Corynebacterineae]]
[[Category:Nontuberculous mycobacteria|nebraskense]]
[[Category:Nontuberculous mycobacteria]]
[[Category:Bacteria described in 2004]]




Latest revision as of 18:13, 17 September 2024

Mycobacterium nebraskense
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Bacteria
Phylum: Actinomycetota
Class: Actinomycetia
Order: Mycobacteriales
Family: Mycobacteriaceae
Genus: Mycobacterium
Species:
M. nebraskense
Binomial name
Mycobacterium nebraskense
Mohamed et al. 2004, ATCC BAA-837

Mycobacterium nebraskense is a slow growing, yellow, pigmented mycobacterium[1] that was first isolated from human sputum at the University of Nebraska Medical Center, in Omaha, Nebraska, USA. Mycobacterium species are common causes of pulmonary infections in both humans and animals.

A thorough systemic analysis conducted at the Mayo Clinic 2023, based on all the published cases in the literature, highlights significant gender disparities in Mycobacterium nebraskense infections, indicating a higher susceptibility among females. [2]

Remarkably, a substantial portion of cases present with asymptomatic infections, complicating the understanding of disease manifestation. Individuals over 60 are particularly vulnerable to Mycobacterium nebraskense infections, emphasizing age-related susceptibility. Those with preexisting lung conditions are at a higher risk due to varied comorbidity profiles, adding complexity to the disease.[2]

Clinical decision-making, whether to treat or observe, is contingent upon individual presentations, with immunosuppressed individuals not universally requiring therapeutic intervention. The proposed empirical treatment approach includes antibiotics such as amikacin, clarithromycin, or rifabutin, taking into consideration reported resistance to doxycycline and minocycline. Combination therapy is commonly advocated to minimize the risk of resistance development, aligning with established practices in managing mycobacterial infections.[2]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Mohamed AM, Iwen PC, Tarantolo S, Hinrichs SH (November 2004). "Mycobacterium nebraskense sp. nov., a novel slowly growing scotochromogenic species". Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 54 (Pt 6): 2057–60. doi:10.1099/ijs.0.63126-0. PMID 15545434.
  2. ^ a b c Rajani, Aayushi J.; Roach, Dawn; Raval, Darshankumar; Amin, Juhi; Kempaiah, Prakash; Chitale, Rohit; Durvasula, Ravindra; Oring, Justin (2023). "A systemic review of Mycobacterium nebraskense case reports up to october 2023, featuring our unique case study". International Journal of Mycobacteriology. 12 (4): 443–447. doi:10.4103/ijmy.ijmy_167_23. ISSN 2212-554X. PMID 38149541.
[edit]


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