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of Austria, not of Spain. Page should be moved to *Marie Thérèse of Austria* to avoid confusion with the Empress Maria Theresa.
Reverted 1 edit by 92.24.40.108 (talk): Ban evasion, User:LouisPhilippeCharles. (TW)
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{{Infobox royalty
{{Infobox royalty
|consort=yes
|consort=yes
| name = Maria Theresa of Austria
| name = Maria Theresa of Spain
| succession =[[List of French consorts|Queen consort of France and Navarre]]
| succession =[[List of French consorts|Queen consort of France and Navarre]]
| image =File:Oil on canvas portrait of Marie Thérèse of Austria (1638-1683) wearing the fleur-de-lis robes as Queen of France.jpg|thumb|Maria Theresa of Spain - Beaubrun
| image =File:Oil on canvas portrait of Marie Thérèse of Austria (1638-1683) wearing the fleur-de-lis robes as Queen of France.jpg|thumb|Maria Theresa of Spain - Beaubrun
| caption =Portrait of Maria Theresa of Austria as Queen of France
| caption =Portrait of Maria Theresa of Spain as Queen of France
| reign =9 June 1660 – 30 July 1683
| reign =9 June 1660 – 30 July 1683
| spouse =[[Louis XIV of France]]
| spouse =[[Louis XIV of France]]
⚫
| issue =[[Louis, Dauphin of France (1661-1711)|Louis, Dauphin of France]]<br />[[Princess Marie-Thérèse of France (1667–1672)|Princess Marie-Thérèse]]<br />[[Philippe-Charles, Duke of Anjou]]
| full name = '''María Teresa de Austria''' y Borbón
⚫
| issue =[[Louis, Grand Dauphin|Louis, Dauphin of France]]<br />[[Princess Marie-Thérèse of France (1667–1672)|Princess Marie-Thérèse]]<br />[[Philippe Charles, Duke of Anjou]]
| house =[[House of Habsburg|Habsburg]]
| house =[[House of Habsburg|Habsburg]]
| father =[[Philip IV of Spain]]
| father =[[Philip IV of Spain]]
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| birth_date ={{Birth date|1638|9|10|df=y}}
| birth_date ={{Birth date|1638|9|10|df=y}}
| birth_place =[[El Escorial]], [[Spain]]
| birth_place =[[El Escorial]], [[Spain]]
| place of burial = [[Basilique Saint-Denis|Royal Basilica]], Saint Denis, France
| death_date ={{Death date and age|1683|7|30|1638|9|10|df=y}}
| death_date ={{Death date and age|1683|7|30|1638|9|10|df=y}}
| death_place =[[Palace of Versailles]], [[France]]
| death_place =[[Palace of Versailles]], [[France]]
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| signature = Signature of Marie Thérèse d'Autriche in 1663 at the marriage of Henri Jules de Bourbon and Anne of Bavaria.jpg
| signature = Signature of Marie Thérèse d'Autriche in 1663 at the marriage of Henri Jules de Bourbon and Anne of Bavaria.jpg
|}}
|}}
'''Maria Theresa of Austria, [[Infanta|Infanta of Spain]], [[Infante|Infanta of Portugal]], [[Archduke|Archduchess of Austria]]''' ({{lang-es|María Teresa}}; {{lang-fr|Marie Thérèse}}; 10 September 1638 &ndash; 30 July 1683) was [[List of Queens and Empresses of France|Queen of France and Navarre]] as the first wife of [[Louis XIV of France|King Louis XIV]]. Famed for her virtue and piety, five of her six children died in early childhood. She is frequently viewed as an object of pity in historical accounts of her husband's reign, since she had no choice but to tolerate his many illicit love affairs.
'''Maria Theresa of Spain''' ({{lang-es|María Teresa}}; {{lang-fr|Marie-Thérèse}}; 10 September 1638 &ndash; 30 July 1683) was [[List of Queens and Empresses of France|Queen of France and Navarre]] as the first wife of [[Louis XIV of France|King Louis XIV]]. Famed for her virtue and piety, five of her six children died in early childhood. She is frequently viewed as an object of pity in historical accounts of her husband's reign, since she had no choice but to tolerate his many illicit love affairs.


==Early life==
==Early life==
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The first time Maria Theresa ever saw the [[Palace of Versailles]] was on 25 October 1660. At that time, it was just a small royal residence that had been Louis XIII's hunting lodge not far from Paris. Later, the first building campaign (1664–1668) commenced with the ''[[Plaisirs de l’Île enchantée]]'' of 1664, a week-long celebration at Versailles ostensibly held in honour of France's two queens, Louis XIV's mother and wife, but exposed Louise de La Vallière's role as the king's ''[[maîtresse-en-titre]]''. The celebration of the ''Plaisirs de l’Île enchantée'' is often regarded as a prelude to the [[War of Devolution]], which Louis waged against Spain. The first building campaign witnessed alterations in the château and gardens in order to accommodate the 600 guests invited to the celebration.
The first time Maria Theresa ever saw the [[Palace of Versailles]] was on 25 October 1660. At that time, it was just a small royal residence that had been Louis XIII's hunting lodge not far from Paris. Later, the first building campaign (1664–1668) commenced with the ''[[Plaisirs de l’Île enchantée]]'' of 1664, a week-long celebration at Versailles ostensibly held in honour of France's two queens, Louis XIV's mother and wife, but exposed Louise de La Vallière's role as the king's ''[[maîtresse-en-titre]]''. The celebration of the ''Plaisirs de l’Île enchantée'' is often regarded as a prelude to the [[War of Devolution]], which Louis waged against Spain. The first building campaign witnessed alterations in the château and gardens in order to accommodate the 600 guests invited to the celebration.


As time passed, Maria Theresa also came to tolerate her husband's prolonged infidelity with [[Madame de Montespan]]. The king left her to her own devices, yet reprimanded Madame de Montespan when her behaviour at court too flagrantly disrespected the queen's position.
As time passed, Maria Theresa also came to tolerate her husband's prolonged infidelity with [[Françoise-Athénaïs, Marquise de Montespan]]. The king left her to her own devices, yet reprimanded Madame de Montespan when her behaviour at court too flagrantly disrespected the queen's position.


Later, the governess of Montespan's illegitimate children by the king, [[Françoise d'Aubigné, marquise de Maintenon|Madame de Maintenon]], came to supplant her mistress in the king's affections. At first she resisted the king's advances and encouraged him to bestow more attention on his long-neglected wife, a thoughtfulness which Maria Theresa repaid with warmth toward the new favourite. After the queen's death, Maintenon would become the king's second, although officially secret, wife.
Later, the governess of Montespan's illegitimate children by the king, [[Françoise d'Aubigné, marquise de Maintenon|Madame de Maintenon]], came to supplant her mistress in the king's affections. At first she resisted the king's advances and encouraged him to bestow more attention on his long-neglected wife, a thoughtfulness which Maria Theresa repaid with warmth toward the new favourite. After the queen's death, Maintenon would become the king's second, although officially secret, wife.
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==Death==
==Death==
[[Image:Grave of Marie Thérèse of Austria at the Royal Basilica of Saint Denis.jpg|thumb|right|Marie-Thérèse's burial site at the [[Basilique Saint-Denis|Royal Basilica of Saint Denis]], where most of France's monarchs are buried.]]
[[Image:Grave of Marie Thérèse of Austria at the Royal Basilica of Saint Denis.jpg|thumb|right|Marie-Thérèse's burial site at the [[Basilique Saint-Denis]], where most of France's monarchs are buried.]]


During the last week of July 1683, Maria Theresa fell ill and, as her illness worsened, her husband ordered for the sacraments to be kept nearby. She died a painful death on 30 July 1683, at Versailles. Upon her death, Louis XIV said: "This is the first trouble which she has given me."
During the last week of July 1683, Maria Theresa fell ill and, as her illness worsened, her husband ordered for the sacraments to be kept nearby. She died a painful death on 30 July 1683, at Versailles. Upon her death, Louis XIV said: "This is the first trouble which she has given me."
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!Name!!Birth!!Death!!Notes
!Name!!Birth!!Death!!Notes
|-
|-
|colspan=4|'''''Maria Theresa of Austria''' with '''''[[Louis XIV of France]]'''''
|colspan=4|'''''Maria Theresa of Spain''' with '''''[[Louis XIV of France]]'''''
|-
|-
| [[Louis, Grand Dauphin]] || 1 November 1661 || 14 April 1711||Dauphin of France from 1661&ndash;1711. Father of [[Louis, Dauphin of France (1682–1712)]], [[Philip V of Spain]] and [[Charles, Duke of Berry (1686–1714)]].
| [[Louis, Grand Dauphin]] || 1 November 1661 || 14 April 1711||Dauphin of France from 1661&ndash;1711. Father of [[Louis, Dauphin of France (1682–1712)]], [[Philip V of Spain]] and [[Charles, Duke of Berry (1686–1714)]].
|-
|-
| [[Princess Anne Élisabeth of France|Anne Élisabeth of France]] || 18 November 1662 || 30 December 1662||
| [[Princess Anne Élisabeth of France|Anne-Élisabeth of France]] || 18 November 1662 || 30 December 1662||
|-
|-
| [[Princess Marie Anne of France|Marie Anne of France]] || 16 November 1664 || 26 December 1664||
| [[Princess Marie Anne of France|Marie-Anne of France]] || 16 November 1664 || 26 December 1664||
|-
|-
| [[Princess Marie Thérèse of France (1667–1672)|Marie Thérèse of France]] || 2 January 1667 || 1 March 1672||Known as [[Madame Royale]] and ''la Petite Madame''.
| [[Princess Marie Thérèse of France (1667–1672)|Marie-Thérèse of France]] || 2 January 1667 || 1 March 1672||Known as [[Madame Royale]] and ''la Petite Madame''.
|-
|-
| [[Philippe Charles, Duke of Anjou]] || 5 August 1668 || 10 July 1671||
| [[Philippe Charles, Duke of Anjou]] || 5 August 1668 || 10 July 1671||
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|boxstyle_4=background-color: #bfc;
|boxstyle_4=background-color: #bfc;
|boxstyle_5=background-color: #9fe;
|boxstyle_5=background-color: #9fe;
|1= 1. '''Maria Theresa of Austria'''
|1= 1. '''Maria Theresa of Spain'''
|2= 2. [[Philip IV of Spain|Philip IV of Spain and III of Portugal]]
|2= 2. [[Philip IV of Spain|Philip IV of Spain and III of Portugal]]
|3= 3. [[Elisabeth of France (1602-1644)|Elizabeth of France]]
|3= 3. [[Elisabeth of France (1602-1644)|Elizabeth of France]]

Revision as of 18:56, 3 June 2016

Maria Theresa of Spain
Portrait of Maria Theresa of Spain as Queen of France
Queen consort of France and Navarre
Tenure9 June 1660 – 30 July 1683
Born(1638-09-10)10 September 1638
El Escorial, Spain
Died30 July 1683(1683-07-30) (aged 44)
Palace of Versailles, France
SpouseLouis XIV of France
IssueLouis, Dauphin of France
Princess Marie-Thérèse
Philippe-Charles, Duke of Anjou
HouseHabsburg
FatherPhilip IV of Spain
MotherElisabeth of France
ReligionRoman Catholic
SignatureMaria Theresa of Spain's signature

Maria Theresa of Spain (Template:Lang-es; Template:Lang-fr; 10 September 1638 – 30 July 1683) was Queen of France and Navarre as the first wife of King Louis XIV. Famed for her virtue and piety, five of her six children died in early childhood. She is frequently viewed as an object of pity in historical accounts of her husband's reign, since she had no choice but to tolerate his many illicit love affairs.

Early life

Infanta Maria Theresa by Velázquez, 1653. Her hairstyle and dress with wide panniers were popular in Spain.

Born an Infanta of Spain at the Royal Monastery of El Escorial, she was the daughter of King Philip IV, and his wife Elisabeth of France, who died when Maria Theresa was six years old. As a member of the House of Habsburg, Maria Theresa was entitled to use the title Archduchess of Austria.

Unlike France, the kingdom of Spain had no Salic Law, so it was possible for a female to assume the throne. When Maria Theresa's brother Balthasar Charles, Prince of Asturias, died in 1646, she became heiress presumptive to the vast Spanish Empire and remained such until the birth of Philip Prospero, Prince of Asturias, in 1657. She was heiress presumptive once more between 1 November and 6 November 1661 - the death of Prince Philip and the birth of Prince Charles, who would later inherit the thrones of Spain as Charles II.

In 1658, as war with France began to wind down, a union between the royal families of Spain and France was proposed as a means to secure peace. Maria Theresa and the French king were double first cousins: Louis XIV's father was Louis XIII of France, who was the brother of Maria Theresa's mother, while her father was brother to Anne of Austria, Louis XIV's mother. Anne of Austria desired an end to hostilities between her native country of Spain and her adopted one, France.[1] However, Spanish procrastination led to a scheme in which France's prime minister, Cardinal Mazarin, pretended to seek a marriage for his master with Margaret Yolande of Savoy. When Philip IV of Spain heard of a meeting at Lyon between the Houses of France and Savoy in November 1658, he reputedly exclaimed of the Franco-Savoyard union that "it cannot be, and will not be". Philip then sent a special envoy to the French court to open negotiations for peace and a royal marriage.[citation needed]

Marriage

Maria Theresa is handed over to the French and her husband by proxy, Louis XIV on the Isle of Pheasants

The negotiations for the marriage contract were intense. Eager to prevent a union of the two countries or crowns, especially one in which Spain would be subservient to France, the diplomats sought to include a renunciation clause that would deprive Maria Theresa and her children of any rights to the Spanish succession. This was eventually done but, by the skill of Mazarin and his French diplomats, the renunciation and its validity were made conditional upon the payment of a large dowry. As it turned out, Spain, impoverished and bankrupt after decades of war, was unable to pay such a dowry, and France never received the agreed sum of 500,000 écus.[2]

A marriage by proxy to the French king was held in Fuenterrabia. Her father and the entire Spanish court accompanied the bride to the Isle of Pheasants in the Bidassoa, where Louis and his court met her. On 7 June 1660, she left Spain and on 9 June the marriage took place in Saint-Jean-de-Luz at the recently rebuilt church of Saint Jean the Baptist. After the wedding, Louis wanted to consummate the marriage as quickly as possible. The new queen's mother-in-law (and aunt) arranged a private consummation instead of the public one that was the custom.[citation needed]

Queenship

Two queens of France: Anne of Austria with her niece and daughter-in-law, Maria Theresa, and the latter's son Louis

On 26 August 1660, the newlyweds made the traditional Joyous Entry into Paris. Louis was faithful to his wife for the first year of their marriage, commanding the Grand Maréchal du Logis that "the Queen and himself were never to be set apart, no matter how small the house in which they might be lodging".[3]

Maria Theresa was very fortunate to have found a friend at court in her mother-in-law, unlike many princesses in foreign lands. She continued to spend much of her free time playing cards and gambling, as she had no interest in politics or literature. Consequently, she was viewed as not fully playing the part of queen designated to her by her marriage. But more importantly, she became pregnant in early 1661, and a long-awaited son was born on 1 November 1661.

The first time Maria Theresa ever saw the Palace of Versailles was on 25 October 1660. At that time, it was just a small royal residence that had been Louis XIII's hunting lodge not far from Paris. Later, the first building campaign (1664–1668) commenced with the Plaisirs de l’Île enchantée of 1664, a week-long celebration at Versailles ostensibly held in honour of France's two queens, Louis XIV's mother and wife, but exposed Louise de La Vallière's role as the king's maîtresse-en-titre. The celebration of the Plaisirs de l’Île enchantée is often regarded as a prelude to the War of Devolution, which Louis waged against Spain. The first building campaign witnessed alterations in the château and gardens in order to accommodate the 600 guests invited to the celebration.

As time passed, Maria Theresa also came to tolerate her husband's prolonged infidelity with Françoise-Athénaïs, Marquise de Montespan. The king left her to her own devices, yet reprimanded Madame de Montespan when her behaviour at court too flagrantly disrespected the queen's position.

Later, the governess of Montespan's illegitimate children by the king, Madame de Maintenon, came to supplant her mistress in the king's affections. At first she resisted the king's advances and encouraged him to bestow more attention on his long-neglected wife, a thoughtfulness which Maria Theresa repaid with warmth toward the new favourite. After the queen's death, Maintenon would become the king's second, although officially secret, wife.

Maria Theresa played little part in political affairs except for the years 1667, 1672, and 1678, during which she acted as regent while her husband was away on campaigns on the frontier.

Death

Marie-Thérèse's burial site at the Basilique Saint-Denis, where most of France's monarchs are buried.

During the last week of July 1683, Maria Theresa fell ill and, as her illness worsened, her husband ordered for the sacraments to be kept nearby. She died a painful death on 30 July 1683, at Versailles. Upon her death, Louis XIV said: "This is the first trouble which she has given me."

Of her six children, only one survived her, Louis, le Grand Dauphin, the oldest one, who died in 1711. One of the younger grandsons of Maria Theresa's would eventually inherit her claim to the Spanish throne to become King Philip V of Spain in 1700.

Issue

Name Birth Death Notes
Maria Theresa of Spain with Louis XIV of France
Louis, Grand Dauphin 1 November 1661 14 April 1711 Dauphin of France from 1661–1711. Father of Louis, Dauphin of France (1682–1712), Philip V of Spain and Charles, Duke of Berry (1686–1714).
Anne-Élisabeth of France 18 November 1662 30 December 1662
Marie-Anne of France 16 November 1664 26 December 1664
Marie-Thérèse of France 2 January 1667 1 March 1672 Known as Madame Royale and la Petite Madame.
Philippe Charles, Duke of Anjou 5 August 1668 10 July 1671
Louis François, Duke of Anjou 14 June 1672 4 November 1672

Ancestry

Family of Maria Theresa of Spain
16. Charles V and I, Holy Roman Emperor and King of Spain
8. Philip II of Spain and I of Portugal
17. Isabella of Portugal
4. Philip III of Spain and II of Portugal
18. Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor
9. Anna of Austria
19. Maria of Spain
2. Philip IV of Spain and III of Portugal
20. Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor (=30)
10. Charles II, Archduke of Inner Austria
21. Anna of Bohemia and Hungary (=31)
5. Margaret of Austria
22. Albert V, Duke of Bavaria
11. Maria Anna of Bavaria
23. Anna of Austria (1528-1590)
1. Maria Theresa of Spain
24. Charles de Bourbon, Duke of Vendôme
12. Antoine de Bourbon, Duke of Vendôme, King consort of Navarre
25. Françoise d'Alençon
6. Henry IV of France
26. Henry II of Navarre
13. Jeanne III of Navarre
27. Marguerite de Navarre
3. Elizabeth of France
28. Cosimo I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany
14. Francesco I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany
29. Eleonora di Toledo
7. Marie de' Medici
30. Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor (=20)
15. Johanna of Austria
31. Anna of Bohemia and Hungary (=21)

References

  1. ^ Antonia Fraser. Love and Louis XIV.
  2. ^ Marie-Thérèse d’Autriche - dowry information
  3. ^ Ian Dunlop. Louis XIV. London: Pimlico, 2001.

Sources

  • Public Domain This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. {{cite encyclopedia}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
Maria Theresa of Spain
Born: 10 September 1638 Died: 30 July 1683
French royalty
Preceded by Queen consort of France and Navarre
9 June 1660 – 30 July 1683 		Succeeded by
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