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|[[Haifa bus 37 suicide bombing]]|| March 5, 2003 || Carmeliya neighborhood, Haifa || 17 || || Carried out by Hamas member and attributed to Hamas, yet never acknowledged.||
|[[Haifa bus 37 suicide bombing]]|| March 5, 2003 || Carmeliya neighborhood, Haifa || 17 || || Carried out by Hamas member and attributed to Hamas, yet never acknowledged.||
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| London Cafe bombing || March 30, 2003 || [[Netanya]] || none || 54 || [[Palestinian Islamic Jihad]] claimed responsibility.||
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| Kfar Saba train station bombing || April 24, 2003 || [[Kfar Saba]] || 1 || 13 || [[Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine|PFLP]] claimed responsibility jointly with [[Al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades]].|| <ref name=imfa/><ref name=autogenerated1>{{cite news|url=http://www.ynet.co.il/articles/0,7340,L-2848729,00.html|title=ארבעה הרוגים בפיגוע בצומת גהה|date=26 December 2003|access-date=24 July 2017|newspaper=Ynet|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170620100356/http://www.ynet.co.il/articles/0,7340,L-2848729,00.html|archive-date=20 June 2017|url-status=live|last1=כהן |first1=אבי }}</ref>
| Kfar Saba train station bombing || April 24, 2003 || [[Kfar Saba]] || 1 || 13 || [[Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine|PFLP]] claimed responsibility jointly with [[Al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades]].|| <ref name=imfa/><ref name=autogenerated1>{{cite news|url=http://www.ynet.co.il/articles/0,7340,L-2848729,00.html|title=ארבעה הרוגים בפיגוע בצומת גהה|date=26 December 2003|access-date=24 July 2017|newspaper=Ynet|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170620100356/http://www.ynet.co.il/articles/0,7340,L-2848729,00.html|archive-date=20 June 2017|url-status=live|last1=כהן |first1=אבי }}</ref>
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| [[Mike's Place suicide bombing]] || April 30, 2003 || [[Mike's Place]] pub, Tel Aviv || 3 || || Carried out by [[Hamas]] using a [[British Muslim]] citizen of Pakistani descent and together with [[al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades]].||
| [[Mike's Place suicide bombing]] || April 30, 2003 || [[Mike's Place]] pub, Tel Aviv || 3 || || Carried out by [[Hamas]] using a [[British Muslim]] citizen of Pakistani descent and together with [[al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades]].||
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| Gross square attack || May 17, 2003 || Gross square, [[Hebron]], [[West Bank]] || 2 || || [[Hamas]] claimed responsibility. ||
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| [[Jerusalem bombings on 18 May 2003|Jerusalem bus 6 bombing]] || May 18, 2003 || Jerusalem || 7 || || [[Hamas]] claimed responsibility. ||
| [[Jerusalem bombings on 18 May 2003|Jerusalem bus 6 bombing]] || May 18, 2003 || Jerusalem || 7 || || [[Hamas]] claimed responsibility. ||
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|3rd Kfar Darom bombing || May 19, 2003 || Gaza Strip || none || 3 || A Palestinian suicide bomber riding a bicycle blew up himself next to a military jeep. [[Hamas]] claimed responsibility. ||
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| [[Afula mall bombing]] || May 19, 2003 || [[Afula]] shopping center || 3 || || [[Hamas]] claimed responsibility. ||
| [[Afula mall bombing]] || May 19, 2003 || [[Afula]] shopping center || 3 || || [[Hamas]] claimed responsibility. ||
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| Netzarim bus bombing || May 22, 2003 || [[Netzarim (settlement)|Netzarim]], Gaza Strip || none || 9 || [[Hamas]] claimed responsibility. ||
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|[[Davidka Square bus bombing]]|| June 11, 2003 || Downtown Jerusalem || 17 || || [[Hamas]] claimed responsibility. ||
|[[Davidka Square bus bombing]]|| June 11, 2003 || Downtown Jerusalem || 17 || || [[Hamas]] claimed responsibility. ||
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| Sdei Trumot bombing || June 19, 2003 || Moshav [[Sdei Trumot]] || 1 || || [[Palestinian Islamic Jihad]] claimed responsibility. ||
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| Kfar Yavetz bombing || July 7, 2003 || [[Kfar Yavetz]] || 1 || || [[Palestinian Islamic Jihad]] claimed responsibility. ||
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| Ariel bus station bombing || August 12, 2003 || [[Ariel (city)|Ariel]], [[West Bank]] || 2 || || [[Hamas]] claimed responsibility. ||
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|Rosh HaAyin bombing || August 12, 2003 || [[Rosh HaAyin]] || 1 || || ||
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|[[Shmuel HaNavi bus bombing]]|| August 19, 2003 || Shmuel Hanavi, Jerusalem || 23 || || [[Hamas]] claimed responsibility. ||
|[[Shmuel HaNavi bus bombing]]|| August 19, 2003 || Shmuel Hanavi, Jerusalem || 23 || || [[Hamas]] claimed responsibility. ||
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|[[Maxim restaurant suicide bombing]] || October 4, 2003 || [[Haifa]] || 21 || || [[Palestinian Islamic Jihad]] claimed responsibility. ||
|[[Maxim restaurant suicide bombing]] || October 4, 2003 || [[Haifa]] || 21 || || [[Palestinian Islamic Jihad]] claimed responsibility. ||
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|Tulkarem bombing || October 9, 2003 || [[Tulkarem]], [[West Bank]] || none || 3 || [[Hamas]] claimed responsibility. ||
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| Azzoun bombing || November 3, 2003 || [[Azzoun]], [[West Bank]] || none || 1 || [[Al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades]] claimed responsibility. ||
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| [[Geha Interchange bus stop bombing]] || December 25, 2003 || [[Geha Junction]] || 4 || || Over 20 injured. [[Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine|PFLP]] claimed responsibility.|| <ref name=imfa/><ref name=autogenerated1 />
| [[Geha Interchange bus stop bombing]] || December 25, 2003 || [[Geha Junction]] || 4 || || Over 20 injured. [[Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine|PFLP]] claimed responsibility.|| <ref name=imfa/><ref name=autogenerated1 />

Revision as of 06:13, 25 September 2023

This article contains lists of Palestinian suicide attacks carried out by Palestinian individuals and militant groups, usually against Israeli civilian targets. The use of indiscriminate attacks on civilian populations[1] is illegal under international law.[2]

The first suicide attack was carried out in 1989 and the attacks steeply declined by 2008. The high point was in 2002 during the Second Intifada. A 2007 study of Palestinian suicide bombings during the Second Intifada (September 2000 through August 2005) found that 39.9 percent of the suicide attacks were carried out by Hamas, 26.4 percent by Fatah, 25.7 percent by the Palestinian Islamic Jihad (PIJ), 5.4 percent by the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP) and 2.7 percent by other organizations.[3]

The Simon Wiesenthal Center has advocated classifying suicide bombings as crimes against humanity, a position adopted by Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch in 2002.[4]

The criteria used for this list:

  • successful deliberate attacks committed by Palestinian militant groups or individuals against either civilians or security forces, in which the perpetrators intended to die during the attack.
  • The perpetrator(s) are not included in the death tolls noted in this list.

1980s

1989

Name Date Location Death toll Notes Ref.
Bus 405 suicide attack July 6, 1989 Near Kiryat Yearim 16 Carried out by Palestinian Islamic Jihad. [5]

1990s

1993

Name Date Location Dead Injured Notes Ref
Mehola Junction bombing April 16, 1993 Mehola junction 1 10 Hamas claimed responsibility. Carried out together with Palestinian Islamic Jihad. [6] [7]
Beit El car bomb October 4, 1993 Near Beit El none 29 Hamas member Sulayman Zidan was responsible. [8][9]

1994

Name Date Location Dead Injured Notes Ref
Afula Bus suicide bombing April 6, 1994 Afula 8 Hamas claimed responsibility. Carried out together with Palestinian Islamic Jihad.
Hadera bus station suicide bombing April 13, 1994 Hadera 5 Hamas claimed responsibility. Carried out together with Palestinian Islamic Jihad.
Dizengoff Street bus bombing October 19, 1994 Tel Aviv 22 Attributed to Hamas.
Netzarim Junction bicycle bombing November 11, 1994 Netzarim 3 Hamas claimed responsibility. Carried out together with Palestinian Islamic Jihad.

1995

Name Date Location Death toll Notes Ref
Beit Lid massacre January 22, 1995 Beit Lid Junction 21 Two bombers. One detonated at rescue party. Palestinian Islamic Jihad claimed responsibility.
Kfar Darom bus attack April 9, 1995 Vicinity of Kfar Darom 8 Palestinian Islamic Jihad claimed responsibility.
Ramat Gan bus 20 bombing July 24, 1995 Ramat Gan 6 Hamas claimed responsibility.
Ramat Eshkol bus bombing August 21, 1995 Jerusalem 4 Police Chief Noam Eisenman was killed. Hamas claimed responsibility.

1996

Name Date Location Death toll Notes Ref
First Jerusalem bus 18 suicide bombing February 25, 1996 Jerusalem Central Bus station 26 Hamas claimed responsibility.
Second Jerusalem bus 18 suicide bombing March 3, 1996 Jaffa street, Jerusalem 19 Hamas claimed responsibility.
Dizengoff Center suicide bombing March 4, 1996 Tel Aviv 13 Attributed to Hamas. Carried out together with Palestinian Islamic Jihad.

1997

Name Date Location Death toll Notes Ref
Café Apropo bombing March 21, 1997 Tel Aviv 3 Hamas claimed responsibility.
1st Mahane Yehuda Market attack July 30, 1997 Jerusalem main market 16 Hamas claimed responsibility.
Ben Yehuda Street Bombing September 4, 1997 Jerusalem Ben Yehuda Street 5 Hamas claimed responsibility.

1998

Name Date Location Death toll Notes Ref
Jerusalem bombing (1998) November 6, 1998 Jerusalem 2 20 wounded. Two Islamic Jihad suicide bombers. [10]

2000s

The Al-Aqsa Intifada saw a dramatic upswing in suicide bombings, with A, 40% of the total number originated in East Jerusalem.[a]

2001

Name Date Location Dead Injured Notes Ref
Netanya bombing March 4, 2001 Netanya 3 Hamas claimed responsibility.
HaSharon Mall suicide bombing May 18, 2001 HaSharon shopping mall, Netanya 5 100 Hamas claimed responsibility.
Dolphinarium discotheque suicide bombing June 1, 2001 Tel Aviv 21 Hamas claimed responsibility. [12]
Binyamina train station suicide bombing July 16, 2001 Binyamina 2 Hamas and Palestinian Islamic Jihad claimed responsibility.
Sbarro restaurant suicide bombing August 9, 2001 Downtown Jerusalem 15 Carried out by Hamas together with Palestinian Islamic Jihad.
Nahariya train station suicide bombing September 9, 2001 Nahariya train station 3 Suicide bomber was an Arab Israeli citizen. Hamas claimed responsibility.
1st Egged bus 823 bombing November 29, 2001 Wadi Ara Junction 3 Carried out by Palestinian Islamic Jihad together with Al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades.
Ben Yehuda Street Bombing December 1, 2001 Downtown Jerusalem 11 Hamas claimed responsibility.
Haifa bus 16 suicide bombing December 2, 2001 Haifa 15 Hamas claimed responsibility.

2002

Name Date Location Dead Injured Notes Ref
Tel Aviv outdoor mall bombing January 25, 2002 Tel Aviv 0 25 Double Suicide attack, carried out by Palestinian Islamic Jihad together with Fatah.
Jaffa Street bombing January 27, 2002 Jerusalem 1 First female suicide bomber in Al-Aqsa Intifada, Wafa Idris. Hamas claimed responsibility.
Karnei Shomron Mall suicide bombing February 16, 2002 Karnei Shomron, West Bank 3 30 PFLP claimed responsibility. [13][14]
Yeshivat Beit Yisrael massacre March 2, 2002 Yeshiva in Jerusalem 11 Al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades claimed responsibility.
Café Moment bombing March 9, 2002 Rehavia, Jerusalem 11 Hamas claimed responsibility.
King George Street bombing March 21, 2002 Jerusalem 3 Al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades claimed responsibility.
Passover massacre March 27, 2002 Netanya 30 Suicide attack on Passover seder in Park Hotel. Carried out by Hamas and Palestinian Islamic Jihad.
Kiryat HaYovel supermarket bombing March 29, 2002 Kiryat Yovel in Jerusalem 2 Hamas claimed responsibility.
Matza restaurant suicide bombing March 31, 2002 Haifa 15 Hamas claimed responsibility.
Yagur Junction bombing April 10, 2002 Yagur 8 Palestinian Islamic Jihad claimed responsibility.
3rd Mahane Yehuda Market attack April 12, 2002 Jerusalem 6 Al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades claimed responsibility.
Rishon LeZion bombing May 7, 2002 Rishon LeZion 15 Hamas claimed responsibility.
Netanya Market bombing May 19, 2002 Netanya 3 Carried out by Hamas together with PFLP.
Pi Glilot bombing May 23, 2002 North of Tel Aviv 0 A bomb exploded underneath a fuel truck. The truck burst into flames, but the blaze was quickly contained.
Megiddo Junction bus bombing June 5, 2002 Megiddo Junction 17 Palestinian Islamic Jihad claimed responsibility.
Herzliya shawarma restaurant bombing June 11, 2002 Herzliya 1 Hamas claimed responsibility.
Patt Junction Bus Bombing June 18, 2002 Jerusalem 19 Hamas claimed responsibility.
French Hill Junction massacre June 19, 2002 French Hill, Jerusalem 7 Al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades claimed responsibility.
Immanuel bus attack July 16, 2002 Emmanuel-Bnei Brak bus 189 9 Detonation of an explosive device and shooting. Hamas claimed responsibility.
Neve Shaanan Street bombing July 17, 2002 Southern Tel Aviv 5 Hamas claimed responsibility.
Hebrew University massacre July 31, 2002 Hebrew University, Jerusalem 9 Included American and French casualties. Bomber was from East Jerusalem. Hamas claimed responsibility.
Meron Junction Bus 361 attack August 4, 2002 Meron Junction 9 Arab bomber with Israeli citizenship. Hamas claimed responsibility.
Allenby Street bus bombing September 19, 2002 bus 4, near the Great Synagogue, Tel Aviv 6 Hamas claimed responsibility.
Karkur junction suicide bombing October 21, 2002 Karkur Junction 14 2 Suicide bombers used a booby-trapped jeep with 100 kg TNT. Palestinian Islamic Jihad claimed responsibility.
Sonol gas station bombing October 27, 2002 Ariel, West Bank 3 Victims killed while trying to prevent the Palestinian from detonating the bomb. Hamas claimed responsibility.
Kiryat Menachem bus bombing November 21, 2002 Kiryat Menahem, Jerusalem 11 Hamas claimed responsibility.

2003

Name Date Location Dead Injured Notes Ref
Tel-Aviv central bus station massacre January 5, 2003 Southern Tel Aviv 23 Carried out by two members of the Fatah Al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades, with the help of Palestinian Islamic Jihad.
Haifa bus 37 suicide bombing March 5, 2003 Carmeliya neighborhood, Haifa 17 Carried out by Hamas member and attributed to Hamas, yet never acknowledged.
Kfar Saba train station bombing April 24, 2003 Kfar Saba 1 13 PFLP claimed responsibility jointly with Al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades. [14][15]
Mike's Place suicide bombing April 30, 2003 Mike's Place pub, Tel Aviv 3 Carried out by Hamas using a British Muslim citizen of Pakistani descent and together with al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades.
Jerusalem bus 6 bombing May 18, 2003 Jerusalem 7 Hamas claimed responsibility.
Afula mall bombing May 19, 2003 Afula shopping center 3 Hamas claimed responsibility.
Davidka Square bus bombing June 11, 2003 Downtown Jerusalem 17 Hamas claimed responsibility.
Shmuel HaNavi bus bombing August 19, 2003 Shmuel Hanavi, Jerusalem 23 Hamas claimed responsibility.
Tzrifin bus stop attack September 9, 2003 Bus stop near Tzrifin army base 9 Hamas claimed responsibility.
Café Hillel bombing September 9, 2003 Hillel Cafe, Jerusalem 7 Hamas claimed responsibility.
Maxim restaurant suicide bombing October 4, 2003 Haifa 21 Palestinian Islamic Jihad claimed responsibility.
Geha Interchange bus stop bombing December 25, 2003 Geha Junction 4 Over 20 injured. PFLP claimed responsibility. [14][15]

2004

Name Date Location Dead Injured Notes Ref
3rd Erez Crossing attack January 14, 2004 Gaza Strip 4 Al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigade and Hamas claimed joint responsibility.
Gaza Street bus bombing January 29, 2004 Rehavia, Jerusalem 11 Al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigade and Hamas claimed responsibility.
Liberty Bell Park bus bombing February 22, 2004 Liberty Bell Garden, Jerusalem 8 Al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigade claimed responsibility.
4th Erez Crossing attack March 6, 2004 Gaza Strip 3 The victims were Palestinian policemen who died in a shooting spree and suicide car bomb attack. Two of the vehicles exploded on the Palestinian side of the crossing. Four Palestinians were killed. There were no IDF casualties. Hamas, Palestinian Islamic Jihad and the military wing of Fatah claimed responsibility.
Ashdod Port massacre March 14, 2004 Port of Ashdod 10 Double suicide bombing. Carried out by Al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigade together with Hamas.
5th Erez Crossing attack April 17, 2004 Erez Crossing, Gaza Strip 1 Carried out by Al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigade together with Hamas.
Deir al-Balah suicide attack April 26, 2004 Gaza Strip 2 The victims were Palestinians killed when a suicide bomber detonated himself on the way to carry out an attack in Israel.
Beka'ot checkpoint bombing May 22, 2004 Beka'ot checkpoint, Jordan Valley, West Bank none 1 PFLP claimed responsibility.

[14][16]

Tel Aviv bus stop bombing July 11, 2004 Tel Aviv 1 Hamas claimed responsibility.
Kalandia checkpoint attack August 11, 2004 Kalandia, West Bank 2 The victims were Palestinian bystanders. 18 people (including six Border Policemen) were injured.
Beersheba bus bombings August 31, 2004 Downtown Beersheba on buses 7 and 12 16 Hamas claimed responsibility.
Baka al-Sharkiyeh checkpoint attack September 8, 2004 Near the Green Line border with the West Bank none Al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades claimed responsibility.
Kalandia Gate suicide bombing September 14, 2004 South of Kalandia, West Bank none 2 A suicide bomber riding on a bicycle blew himself up near an armored IDF jeep at an agricultural gate.
French Hill Junction bombing September 22, 2004 French Hill, Jerusalem 2 Al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades claimed responsibility.
Sinai bombings October 7, 2004 Sinai peninsula, Egypt 34 Suicide bombing at two Sinai holiday resorts frequented by Israeli tourists: thirty-one died at the Taba Hilton and three at Ras a-Satan. Among the dead were 12 Israelis; over 120 were wounded. The attack was masterminded by Iyad Saleh and carried out by a Palestinian group.
Carmel Market bombing November 1, 2004 Tel Aviv 3 30 PFLP claimed responsibility. [14][17]
Karni Crossing attack December 7, 2004 Karni Crossing, Gaza Strip 1 An IDF soldier of the Oketz canine unit was killed by a bomb, along with his dog, when a booby-trapped chicken coop exploded northwest of the Karni Crossing. Four soldiers were wounded in the exchange of fire while evacuating him. Hamas claimed responsibility for the attack.

2005

Name Date Location Dead Injured Notes Ref
Morag attack January 12, 2005 Morag, Southern Gaza Strip 1 One Israeli civilian was killed and three IDF soldiers wounded when a bomb was detonated against a military vehicle patrolling the route near Morag. Two Palestinians were killed by IDF forces. The area was booby-trapped with explosive devices, in addition to the bomb that exploded. Palestinian Islamic Jihad claimed responsibility.
Karni border crossing attack January 13, 2005 Karni crossing, Gaza Strip 6 Carried out together by Hamas with Fatah Al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades and Popular Resistance Committees.
Gush Katif checkpoint attack January 18, 2005 Gush Katif, Gaza Strip 1 Hamas claimed responsibility.
Stage Club bombing February 25, 2005 Tel Aviv sea promenade 5 Carried out together with Al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades and with Hizballah involvement.
1st HaSharon Mall suicide bombing July 12, 2005 Netanya 5 Palestinian Islamic Jihad claimed responsibility.
Beersheba central bus station bombing August 28, 2005 Beersheba 50 Carried out by Palestinian Islamic Jihad together with Al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades.
Hadera Market bombing October 26, 2005 Hadera 7 Palestinian Islamic Jihad claimed responsibility.
2nd HaSharon Mall suicide bombing December 5, 2005 Netanya 5 Palestinian Islamic Jihad claimed responsibility.
Tulkarem roadblock bombing December 29, 2005 Near Tulkarem, West Bank 3[dubious – discuss] 10 One Israeli soldier was killed when a Palestinian en route to carry out an attack in Israel was discovered and detonated himself at a checkpoint. A second intended suicide bomber was also killed in the blast as well as the driver and a third passenger.[dubious – discuss] Three soldiers and seven Palestinians were also wounded.

2006

Name Date Location Dead Injured Notes Ref
1st Rosh Ha'ir restaurant bombing January 19, 2006 Near Tel Aviv old central bus station none 32 Palestinian Islamic Jihad claimed responsibility.
Kedumim bombing March 30, 2006 Kdumim, West Bank 4 Al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades claimed responsibility.
2nd Rosh Ha'ir restaurant bombing April 17, 2006 Near Tel Aviv old central bus station 11 68 Carried out by Palestinian Islamic Jihad together with Al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades.

2007

Name Date Location Dead Injured Notes Ref
Eilat bakery bombing January 29, 2007 Eilat 3 Palestinian Islamic Jihad and Al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades claim joint responsibility. [18]

2008

Name Date Location Dead Injured Notes Ref
Dimona bombing February 4, 2008 Dimona 1 9 The Damascus leadership of Hamas claimed responsibility, but it has been argued they knew nothing of it, and that the operation was undertaken at the initiative of Hamas leaders in Gaza. [19] [20]
Kerem Shalom suicide bombing April 19, 2008 Kerem Shalom border crossing, Gaza Strip none 13 Three Palestinian suicide bombers broke through the border fence to attack the Kerem Shalom IDF post, blowing themselves up and wounding several Israeli soldiers. Hamas claimed responsibility. [21][22]

2010s

2015

Name Date Location Dead Injured Notes Ref
Ma'ale Adumim attempted bombing October 11, 2015 Jerusalem 0 1 Palestinian female bomber detonates a bomb in her car after being stopped by traffic cops, on the road from the Israeli settlement of Ma'ale Adumim to Jerusalem. [23]

2016

Name Date Location Dead Injured Notes Ref
2016 Jerusalem bus bombing April 18, 2016 Jerusalem 0 20 A member of Hamas was involved, but Hamas, while praising the act, did not claim responsibility. [24][25][26]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ "During the second intifada, from October 2000 until October 2005, 30 suicide bombings and other attacks killed 195 people and injured many more in Jerusalem. Of these, 186 casualties resulted from attacks perpetrated by Jerusalem residents."[11]

Citations

  1. ^ Kurz, Robert W.; Charles K. Bartles (2007). "Chechen suicide bombers" (PDF). Journal of Slavic Military Studies. 20 (4). Routledge: 529–547. doi:10.1080/13518040701703070. S2CID 96476266. Archived (PDF) from the original on 11 October 2017. Retrieved 30 August 2012.
  2. ^ "Protection of the civilian population". Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and relating to the Protection of Victims of International Armed Conflicts (Protocol I), 8 June 1977. International Committee of the Red Cross. Archived from the original on 14 July 2014. Retrieved 10 July 2014.
  3. ^ Human Capital and the Productivity of Suicide Bombers pdf Journal of Economic Perspectives Volume 21, Number 3, Summer 2007. Pages 223–238 Archived January 27, 2013, at the Wayback Machine
  4. ^ The European Union, Antisemitism, and the Politics of Denial, University of Nebraska Press, by R. Amy Elman, page 90
  5. ^ This Week In History: Terror attack on Bus 405, Jerusalem Post
  6. ^ The Consequences of Israel Counter Terrorism Policy, Pia Therese Jansen, p.48
  7. ^ "Suicide car bomb kills 2 near West Bank restaurant". Sarasota Herald-Tribune. Associated Press. 17 April 1993.
  8. ^ Levitt, Matthew (2004). "Hamas from Cradle to Grave". Middle East Quarterly: 3–15.
  9. ^ "Archives - Philly.com". articles.philly.com. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 24 July 2017.
  10. ^ Jewish Virtual Library Archived 2016-03-04 at the Wayback Machine Most prominent attacks of the Second Intifada
  11. ^ ICG 2012, p. 1, n.2.
  12. ^ "Publications". www.ict.org.il. Archived from the original on 3 December 2013. Retrieved 24 July 2017.
  13. ^ "Without distinction – attacks on civilians by Palestinian armed groups". Amnesty International. 2002-07-11. Archived from the original on 2008-07-06. Retrieved 2008-02-04. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  14. ^ a b c d e "Suicide and Other Bombing Attacks in Israel Since the Declaration of Principles (Sept 1993)". Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Archived from the original on 2017-12-07. Retrieved 2008-02-04.
  15. ^ a b כהן, אבי (26 December 2003). "ארבעה הרוגים בפיגוע בצומת גהה". Ynet. Archived from the original on 20 June 2017. Retrieved 24 July 2017.
  16. ^ וייס, אפרת (22 May 2004). "מחבל פוצץ עצמו במחסום בבקעה, חייל נפצע קל". Ynet. Archived from the original on 20 June 2017. Retrieved 24 July 2017.
  17. ^ כהן, אבי (1 November 2004). "2 נשים וגבר נרצחו בפיגוע בשוק הכרמל בת"א". Ynet. Archived from the original on 20 June 2017. Retrieved 24 July 2017.
  18. ^ Myre, Greg. "Suicide Attack Is First in Israel in 9 Months". The New York Times. Retrieved 19 September 2023.
  19. ^ Toronto, Nathan W. (2008-04-20). "Where Have All the Bombers Gone?". Interdisciplinary Center Herzliya. Archived from the original on 2016-09-23. Retrieved 2016-09-23.
  20. ^ Scott Atran, 'Who Becomes a terrorist Today?,' in C. Webel, John A. Arnaldi (eds.), The Ethics and Efficacy of the Global War on Terrorism: Fighting Terror with Terror, Springer, 2011 p.51.
  21. ^ "Suicide bombing attack at Kerem Shalom, 13 soldiers wounded". Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Retrieved 19 September 2023.
  22. ^ Kershner, Isabel. "Palestinian Suicide Bombers Attack Gaza Crossing". The New York Times. Retrieved 19 September 2023.
  23. ^ "Terrorist detonates explosive near Ma'aleh Adumim checkpoint injuring police officer". Jpost. 2015-10-11. Archived from the original on 2015-10-12. Retrieved 2015-10-11.
  24. ^ 'Israel says Jerusalem bus bombing was Hamas suicide attack,' Archived 2018-10-27 at the Wayback Machine BBC News 21 April 2016.
  25. ^ Peter Beaumont, 'Questions remain over Jerusalem bus attack after bomber named,' Archived 2016-09-28 at the Wayback Machine The Guardian 21 April 2016.
  26. ^ Michael Pearson and Oren Liebermann, 'Jerusalem bus bombing work of Hamas operative, police say,' Archived 2016-10-07 at the Wayback Machine CNN 21 April 2016:’Hamas said Wednesday in a statement on Hamas-run al-Aqsa TV and on the Hamas Twitter account that the bombing was conducted by a member of its military wing, Izzedine al Qassam. But the organization stopped short of a full claim of responsibility. The latest statement came from Hamas in the Bethlehem Governorate, not from the organization's official spokespeople in Gaza, where the group is based. Hamas and other Palestinian militant groups have praised the attack, but have not claimed responsibility.’

Sources

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