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{{short description|Genus of flowering plants in the pea and bean family Fabaceae}}
{{Short description|Plant genus in the pea family Fabaceae}}
{{Automatic taxobox
{{Automatic taxobox
|image = Grass vetchling close 800.jpg
|image = Grass vetchling close 800.jpg
|image_caption = [[Lathyrus nissolia|Grass vetchling]] (''Lathyrus nissolia'')
|image_caption = [[Lathyrus nissolia|Grass vetchling]] (''Lathyrus nissolia'')
|display_parents = 2
|taxon = Lathyrus
|taxon = Lathyrus
|authority = [[Carl Linnaeus|L.]]<ref name=GRINgenus>{{GRIN genus | name = ''Lathyrus'' | id = 6554 | accessdate = 10 March 2017}}</ref>
|authority = [[Carl Linnaeus|L.]] (1753), nom. cons.<ref name=GRINgenus>{{GRIN genus | name = ''Lathyrus'' | id = 6554 | accessdate = 10 March 2017}}</ref>
|subdivision_ranks = Species
|subdivision = See text
|subdivision = 181; see text
|subdivision_ref = <ref name = powo/>
|synonyms =
|synonyms =
* ''Aphaca'' <small>Mill.</small>
*''Anurus'' {{small|C.Presl (1837)}}
* ''Konxikas'' <small>Raf.</small>
*''Aphaca'' {{small|Mill. (1754)}}
* ''Orobus'' <small>L.</small>
*''Astrophia'' {{small|Nutt. (1838)}}
*''Athyrus'' {{small|Neck. (1790), opus utique oppr.}}
|synonyms_ref = <ref name=GRINgenus/>
*''Cicercula'' {{small|Medik. (1787)}}
*''Clymenum'' {{small|Mill. (1754)}}
*''Graphiosa'' {{small|Alef. (1861)}}
*''Konxikas'' {{small|Raf. (1840)}}
*''Lastila'' {{small|Alef. (1861)}}
*''Lathyroides'' {{small|Heist. (1759), nom. superfl.}}
*''Lathyros'' {{small|St.-Lag. (1880), orth. var.}}
*''Menkenia'' {{small|Bubani (1899)}}
*''Navidura'' {{small|Alef. (1861)}}
*''Nissolia'' {{small|Mill. (1754), nom. rej.}}
*''Ochrus'' {{small|Mill. (1754)}}
*''Orobus'' {{small|L. (1753)}}
*''Oxypogon'' {{small|Raf. (1819)}}
*''Pisum'' {{small|L. (1753)}}
*''Platystylis'' {{small|Sweet (1828)}}
*''Spatulima'' {{small|Raf. (1837)}}
*''Vavilovia'' {{small|Fed. (1939)}}
|synonyms_ref = <ref name=powo>[https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30005985-2 ''Lathyrus'' L.] ''[[Plants of the World Online]]''. Retrieved 9 August 2023.</ref>
}}
}}


'''''Lathyrus''''' {{IPAc-en|ˈ|l|æ|θ|ᵻ|r|ə|s}}<ref>''Sunset Western Garden Book,'' 1995:606–607</ref> is a [[genus]] of [[flowering plant]]s
'''''Lathyrus''''' {{IPAc-en|ˈ|l|æ|θ|ᵻ|r|ə|s}}<ref>''Sunset Western Garden Book,'' 1995:606–607</ref> is a [[genus]] of [[flowering plant]]s
in the [[legume]] family [[Fabaceae]], and contains approximately 160 species. Commonly known as '''peavines''' or '''vetchlings''',<ref name=GRINgenus/> they are [[native species|native]] to [[temperate]] areas, with a breakdown of 52 species in Europe, 30 species in North America, 78 in Asia, 24 in tropical East Africa, and 24 in temperate South America.<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Asmussen, C. B |author2=A. Liston.| title= Chloroplast DNA characters, phylogeny, and classification of ''Lathyrus'' (Fabaceae)| journal= American Journal of Botany|date=March 1998 | volume=85| issue=3| pages= 387–401| doi= 10.2307/2446332 | jstor=2446332|pmid=21684923}}</ref> There are [[Annual plant|annual]] and [[Perennial plant|perennial]] species which may be climbing or bushy. This genus has numerous sections, including ''Orobus'', which was once a separate genus.<ref>{{cite book |author1=Fred, Edwin Broun |author2=Baldwin, Ira Lawrence |author3=McCoy, Elizabeth | year = 1932 | title = Root Nodule Bacteria and Leguminous Plants | publisher = UW-Madison Libraries Parallel Press | location = | isbn = 978-1-893311-28-2 | pages =142}}</ref>
in the [[legume]] family [[Fabaceae]], and contains approximately 160 species. Commonly known as '''peavines''' or '''vetchlings''',<ref name=GRINgenus/> they are [[native species|native]] to [[temperate]] areas, with a breakdown of 52 species in Europe, 30 species in North America, 78 in Asia, 24 in tropical East Africa, and 24 in temperate South America.<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Asmussen, C. B |author2=A. Liston.| title= Chloroplast DNA characters, phylogeny, and classification of ''Lathyrus'' (Fabaceae)| journal= American Journal of Botany|date=March 1998 | volume=85| issue=3| pages= 387–401| doi= 10.2307/2446332 | jstor=2446332|pmid=21684923| doi-access=free}}</ref> There are [[Annual plant|annual]] and [[Perennial plant|perennial]] species which may be climbing or bushy. This genus has numerous sections, including ''Orobus'', which was once a separate genus.<ref>{{cite book |author1=Fred, Edwin Broun |author2=Baldwin, Ira Lawrence |author3=McCoy, Elizabeth | year = 1932 | title = Root Nodule Bacteria and Leguminous Plants | publisher = UW-Madison Libraries Parallel Press | isbn = 978-1-893311-28-2 | pages =142}}</ref> The genus has numerous synonyms, including ''Pisum'', the ancient [[Latin]] name for the pea.<ref name="gledhill">Gledhill, David (2008). "The Names of Plants". Cambridge University Press. {{ISBN|9780521866453}} (hardback), {{ISBN|9780521685535}} (paperback). pp 304</ref>


==Uses==
==Uses==
Several species are grown for food, including the [[pea]] (''Lathyrus oleraceus''), [[Lathyrus sativus|Indian pea]] (''L. sativus''), and the [[Lathyrus cicera|red pea]] (''L. cicera''), and less commonly [[Lathyrus ochrus|cyprus-vetch]] (''L. ochrus'') and [[Fava Santorinis|Spanish vetchling]] (''L. clymenum''). The [[Lathyrus tuberosus|tuberous pea]] (''L. tuberosus'') is grown as a [[root vegetable]] for its starchy edible [[tuber]]. The [[seed]]s of some ''Lathyrus'' species contain the toxic [[amino acid]] [[oxalyldiaminopropionic acid]] and if eaten in large quantities can cause [[lathyrism]], a serious disease.<ref>{{cite journal
Many species are cultivated as garden plants. The genus includes the garden [[sweet pea]] (''Lathyrus odoratus'') and the [[Perennial plant|perennial]] [[Lathyrus latifolius|everlasting pea]] (''Lathyrus latifolius''). [[Flower]]s on these cultivated species may be rose, red, maroon, pink, white, yellow, purple or blue, and some are bicolored. They are also grown for their fragrance. Cultivated species are susceptible to [[fungus|fungal]] infections including [[downy mildew|downy]] and [[powdery mildew]].

Other species are grown for food, including the [[Lathyrus sativus|Indian pea]] (''L. sativus'') and the [[Lathyrus cicera|red pea]] (''L. cicera''), and less commonly [[Lathyrus ochrus|cyprus-vetch]] (''L. ochrus'') and [[Fava Santorinis|Spanish vetchling]] (''L. clymenum''). The [[Lathyrus tuberosus|tuberous pea]] (''L. tuberosus'') is grown as a [[root vegetable]] for its starchy edible [[tuber]]. The [[seed]]s of some ''Lathyrus'' species contain the toxic [[amino acid]] [[oxalyldiaminopropionic acid]] and if eaten in large quantities can cause [[lathyrism]], a serious disease.<ref>{{cite journal
| author = Barrow, M. V.| title = Lathyrism: A Review
| author = Barrow, M. V.| title = Lathyrism: A Review
| year = 1974
| year = 1974
Line 28: Line 47:
| doi = 10.1086/408017
| doi = 10.1086/408017
| pmid = 4601279
| pmid = 4601279
| jstor=2820941|display-authors=etal}}</ref>
| jstor=2820941| s2cid = 33451792
|display-authors=etal}}</ref>


Many species are cultivated as garden plants. The genus includes the garden [[sweet pea]] (''Lathyrus odoratus'') and the [[Perennial plant|perennial]] [[Lathyrus latifolius|everlasting pea]] (''Lathyrus latifolius''). [[Flower]]s on these cultivated species may be rose, red, maroon, pink, white, yellow, purple or blue, and some are bicolored. They are also grown for their fragrance. Cultivated species are susceptible to [[fungus|fungal]] infections including [[downy mildew|downy]] and [[powdery mildew]].
==Diversity==

==Species==
[[File:Gleaner-a85.jpg|thumb|right|Harvest of ''[[Lathyrus aphaca]]'' crop]]
[[File:Gleaner-a85.jpg|thumb|right|Harvest of ''[[Lathyrus aphaca]]'' crop]]
[[File:Lathyrus aureus0.jpg|thumb|right|''[[Lathyrus aureus]]'']]
[[File:Lathyrus aureus0.jpg|thumb|right|''[[Lathyrus aureus]]'']]
Line 38: Line 60:
[[File:Lathyrus nevadensis 0873.JPG|thumb|right|''[[Lathyrus nevadensis]]'' ssp. ''nevadensis'']]
[[File:Lathyrus nevadensis 0873.JPG|thumb|right|''[[Lathyrus nevadensis]]'' ssp. ''nevadensis'']]
[[File:Lathyrus odoratus1.jpg|thumb|''[[Lathyrus odoratus]]'', sweet pea mixture]]
[[File:Lathyrus odoratus1.jpg|thumb|''[[Lathyrus odoratus]]'', sweet pea mixture]]
[[File:Lathyrus vernus RF.jpg|thumb|''[[Lathyrus vernus]]'', spring pea]]
Species include:<ref name=GRINspecies>[http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/splist.pl?6554 GRIN Species Records of ''Lathyrus''.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081014190520/http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/splist.pl?6554 |date=2008-10-14 }} Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN).</ref>
181 species are currently accepted.<ref name = powo/><ref name=GRINspecies>[http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/splist.pl?6554 GRIN Species Records of ''Lathyrus''.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081014190520/http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/splist.pl?6554 |date=2008-10-14 }} Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN).</ref>
{{Div col}}
{{Div col}}
*''[[Lathyrus alpestris]]''
*''[[Lathyrus acutifolius]]'' {{small|Vogel}}
*''[[Lathyrus angulatus]]'' – angled pea
*''[[Lathyrus alamutensis]]'' {{small|Mozaff., Ahavazi & Charkhch.}}
*''[[Lathyrus annuus]]'' – red fodder pea
*''[[Lathyrus alpestris]]'' {{small|(Waldst. & Kit.) Kit.}}
*''[[Lathyrus aphaca]]'' – yellow pea
*''[[Lathyrus amphicarpos]]'' {{small|L.}}
*''[[Lathyrus aureus]]'' – golden pea
*''[[Lathyrus angulatus]]'' {{small|L.}} – angled pea
*''[[Lathyrus basalticus]]''
*''[[Lathyrus anhuiensis]]'' {{small|Y.J.Zhu & R.X.Meng}}
*''[[Lathyrus bauhinii]]''
*''[[Lathyrus annuus]]'' {{small|L.}} – red fodder pea
*''[[Lathyrus belinensis]]''
*''[[Lathyrus apenninus]]'' {{small|F.Conti}}
*''[[Lathyrus biflorus]]'' – twoflower pea
*''[[Lathyrus aphaca]]'' {{small|L.}} – yellow pea
*''[[Lathyrus bijugatus]]'' – drypark pea
*''[[Lathyrus armenus]]'' {{small|(Boiss. & A.Huet) Čelak.}}
*''[[Lathyrus blepharicarpus]]'' – ciliate vetchling
*''[[Lathyrus articulatus]]'' {{small|L.}}
*''[[Lathyrus boissieri]]''
*''[[Lathyrus atropatanus]]'' {{small|(Grossh.) Širj.}}
*''[[Lathyrus brachycalyx]]'' – Bonneville pea
*''[[Lathyrus aureus]]'' {{small|(G.Lodd. ex Drapiez) D.Brândză}} – golden pea
*''[[Lathyrus cassius]]''
*''[[Lathyrus basalticus]]'' {{small|Rech.f.}}
*''[[Lathyrus chloranthus]]''
*''[[Lathyrus bauhini]]'' {{small|P.A.Genty}}
*''[[Lathyrus cicera]]'' – red pea
*''[[Lathyrus belinensis]]'' {{small|Maxted & Goyder}}
*''[[Lathyrus ciliolatus]]''
*''[[Lathyrus berteroanus]]'' {{small|Colla}}
*''[[Lathyrus cirrhosus]]''
*''[[Lathyrus biflorus]]'' {{small|T.W.Nelson & J.P.Nelson}} – twoflower pea
*''[[Lathyrus clymenum]]'' – Spanish vetchling
*''[[Lathyrus bijugus]]'' {{small|Boiss. & Noë}} – drypark pea
*''[[Lathyrus crassipes]]'' – ''arvejilla''
*''[[Lathyrus binatus]]'' {{small|Pančić}}
*''[[Lathyrus cyaneus]]''
*''[[Lathyrus bitlisicus]]'' {{small|Peşmen & Güner}}
*''[[Lathyrus davidii]]''
*''[[Lathyrus blepharicarpos]]'' {{small|Boiss.}} – ciliate vetchling
*''[[Lathyrus decaphyllus]]'' – prairie vetchling
*''[[Lathyrus boissieri]]'' {{small|Širj.}}
*''[[Lathyrus delnorticus]]'' – Del Norte pea
*''[[Lathyrus brachycalyx]]'' {{small|Rydb.}} – Bonneville pea
*''[[Lathyrus digitatus]]''
*''[[Lathyrus brachyodon]]'' {{small|Murb.}}
*''[[Lathyrus eucosmus]]'' – semmly vetchling, bush vetchling
*''[[Lathyrus brachypterus]]'' {{small|Čelak.}}
*''[[Lathyrus filiformis]]''
*''[[Lathyrus brownii]]'' {{small|Eastw.}}
*''[[Lathyrus gloeospermus]]''
*''[[Lathyrus cabrerianus]]'' {{small|Burkart}}
*''[[Lathyrus gorgoni]]''
*''[[Lathyrus campestris]]'' {{small|Phil.}}
*''[[Lathyrus graminifolius]]'' – grassleaf pea
*''[[Lathyrus cassius]]'' {{small|Boiss.}}
*''[[Lathyrus grandiflorus]]'' – twoflower everlasting pea
*''[[Lathyrus caudatus]]'' {{small|C.F.Wei & H.P.Tsui}}
*''[[Lathyrus grimesii]]'' – Grimes' pea
*''[[Lathyrus chloranthus]]'' {{small|Boiss. & Balansa}}
*''[[Lathyrus heterophyllus]]'' – Norfolk everlasting pea
*''[[Lathyrus chrysanthus]]'' {{small|Boiss.}}
*''[[Lathyrus hirsutus]]'' – hairy vetchling
*''[[Lathyrus cicera]]'' {{small|L.}} – red pea
*''[[Lathyrus hitchcockianus]]'' – Bullfrog Mountain pea
*''[[Lathyrus ciliatidentatus]]'' {{small|Czefr.}}
*''[[Lathyrus holochlorus]]'' – thinleaf pea
*''[[Lathyrus cilicicus]]'' {{small|Hayek & Siehe}}
*''[[Lathyrus hygrophilus]]''
*''[[Lathyrus ciliolatus]]'' {{small|Sam. ex Rech.f.}}
*''[[Lathyrus inconspicuus]]''
*''[[Lathyrus cirpicii]]'' {{small|Güneş}}
*''[[Lathyrus incurvus]]''
*''[[Lathyrus cirrhosus]]'' {{small|Ser.}}
*''[[Lathyrus japonicus]]'' – sea pea, beach pea
*''[[Lathyrus clymenum]]'' {{small|L.}} – Spanish vetchling
*''[[Lathyrus jepsonii]]'' – delta tule pea
*''[[Lathyrus colchicus]]'' {{small|Lipsky}}
*''[[Lathyrus laetivirens]]'' – aspen pea
*''[[Lathyrus crassipes]]'' {{small|Gillies ex Hook. & Arn.}} – ''arvejilla''
*''[[Lathyrus laevigatus]]''
*''[[Lathyrus cyaneus]]'' {{small|(Steven) K.Koch}}
*''[[Lathyrus lanszwertii]]'' – Nevada pea
*''[[Lathyrus czeczottianus]]'' {{small|Bässler}}
*''[[Lathyrus latifolius]]'' – everlasting pea, perennial pea
*''[[Lathyrus davidii]]'' {{small|Hance}}
*''[[Lathyrus laxiflorus]]''
*''[[Lathyrus decaphyllus]]'' {{small|Pursh}} – prairie vetchling
*''[[Lathyrus libani]]'' – Lebanon vetchling
*''[[Lathyrus delnorticus]]'' {{small|C.L.Hitchc.}} – Del Norte pea
*''[[Lathyrus linifolius]]'' – bitter vetch, heath pea
*''[[Lathyrus dielsianus]]'' {{small|Harms}}
*''[[Lathyrus littoralis]]'' – silky beach pea
*''[[Lathyrus digitatus]]'' {{small|(M.Bieb.) Fiori}}
*''[[Lathyrus macropus]]''
*''[[Lathyrus elegans]]'' {{small|Vogel}}
*''[[Lathyrus magellanicus]]''
*''[[Lathyrus elongatus]]'' {{small|(Bornm.) Širj.}}
*''[[Lathyrus nervosus]]'' – Lord Anson's blue pea
*''[[Lathyrus emodi]]'' {{small|(Wall. ex Fritsch) Fritsch ex T.Durand & B.D.Jacks.}}
*''[[Lathyrus nevadensis]]'' – Sierra pea
*''[[Lathyrus eucosmus]]'' {{small|Butters & H.St.John}} – seemly vetchling, bush vetchling
*''[[Lathyrus niger]]'' – black pea
*''[[Lathyrus filiformis]]'' {{small|(Lam.) J.Gay}}
*''[[Lathyrus nissolia]]'' – grass vetchling
*''[[Lathyrus fissus]]'' {{small|Ball}}
*''[[Lathyrus nudicaulis]]''
*''[[Lathyrus formosus]]'' {{small|(Steven) Kenicer}} – Vavilovia
*''[[Lathyrus ochroleucus]]'' – cream pea
*''[[Lathyrus frolovii]]'' {{small|Fisch. ex Rupr.}}
*''[[Lathyrus ochrus]]'' – Cyprus-vetch
*''[[Lathyrus fulvus]]'' {{small|(Sm.) Kosterin}}
*''[[Sweet pea|Lathyrus odoratus]]'' – sweet pea
*''[[Lathyrus glandulosus]]'' {{small|Broich}}
*''[[Lathyrus palustris]]'' – marsh pea
*''[[Lathyrus gloeosperma]]'' {{small|Warb. & Eig}}
*''[[Lathyrus pannonicus]]''
*''[[Lathyrus gmelinii]]'' {{small|(Fisch. ex Ser.) Fritsch}}
*''[[Lathyrus pauciflorus]]'' – fewflower pea
*''[[Lathyrus golanensis]]'' {{small|O.Cohen & Plitmann}}
*''[[Lathyrus polyphyllus]]'' – leafy pea
*''[[Lathyrus gorgoni]]'' {{small|Parl.}}
*''[[Lathyrus pratensis]]'' – meadow vetchling
*''[[Lathyrus graminifolius]]'' {{small|(S.Watson) T.G.White}} – grassleaf pea
*''[[Lathyrus pseudocicera]]''
*''[[Lathyrus grandiflorus]]'' {{small|Sm.}} – twoflower everlasting pea
*''[[Lathyrus pubescens]]''
*''[[Lathyrus grimesii]]'' {{small|Barneby}} – Grimes' pea
*''[[Lathyrus pusillus]]'' – tiny pea, singletary vetchling
*''[[Lathyrus hallersteinii]]'' {{small|Baumg.}}
*''[[Lathyrus quinquenervius]]''
*''[[Lathyrus hasslerianus]]'' {{small|Burkart}}
*''[[Lathyrus rigidus]]'' – stiff pea
*''[[Lathyrus heterophyllus]]'' {{small|L.}} – Norfolk everlasting pea
*''[[Lathyrus roseus]]''
*''[[Lathyrus hierosolymitanus]]'' {{small|Boiss.}}
*''[[Lathyrus sativus]]'' – Indian pea, white pea, chickling vetch
*''[[Lathyrus hirsutus]]'' {{small|L.}} – hairy vetchling
*''[[Lathyrus sphaericus]]'' – grass pea
*''[[Lathyrus hirticarpus]]'' {{small|Mattatia & Heyn}}
*''[[Lathyrus splendens]]'' – pride of California
*''[[Lathyrus hitchcockianus]]'' {{small|Barneby & Reveal}} – Bullfrog Mountain pea
*''[[Lathyrus sulphureus]]'' – snub pea
*''[[Lathyrus holochlorus]]'' {{small|(Piper) C.L.Hitchc.}} – thinleaf pea
*''[[Lathyrus sylvestris]]'' – flat pea
*''[[Lathyrus hookeri]]'' {{small|G.Don}}
*''[[Lathyrus szowitsii]]''
*''[[Lathyrus humilis]]'' {{small|(Ser.) Fisch. ex Spreng.}}
*''[[Lathyrus tingitanus]]'' – Tangier pea
*''[[Lathyrus hygrophilus]]'' {{small|Taub.}}
*''[[Lathyrus torreyi]]'' – Torrey's peavine
*''[[Lathyrus inconspicuus]]'' {{small|L.}}
*''[[Lathyrus tuberosus]]'' – tuberous pea
*''[[Lathyrus incurvus]]'' {{small|(Roth) Willd.}}
*''[[Lathyrus undulatus]]'' – wavy pea
*''[[Lathyrus japonicus]]'' {{small|Willd.}} – sea pea, beach pea
*''[[Lathyrus jepsonii]]'' {{small|Greene}} – delta tule pea
*''[[Lathyrus vaniotii]]'' – Korean mountain vetchling<ref>{{Cite book|url=http://www.forest.go.kr/kna/special/download/English_Names_for_Korean_Native_Plants.pdf|title=English Names for Korean Native Plants|publisher=[[Korea National Arboretum]]|year=2015|isbn=978-89-97450-98-5|location=Pocheon|pages=511|access-date=22 December 2016|via=[[Korea Forest Service]]|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525105020/http://www.forest.go.kr/kna/special/download/English_Names_for_Korean_Native_Plants.pdf|archivedate=25 May 2017}}</ref>
*''[[Lathyrus venetus]]''
*''[[Lathyrus karsianus]]'' {{small|P.H.Davis}}
*''[[Lathyrus venosus]]'' – veiny pea, bushy vetchling
*''[[Lathyrus ketzkhovelii]]'' {{small|Avazneli}}
*''[[Lathyrus vernus]]'' – spring pea
*''[[Lathyrus komarovii]]'' {{small|Ohwi}}
*''[[Lathyrus vestitus]]'' – Pacific pea
*''[[Lathyrus krylovii]]'' {{small|Serg.}}
*''[[Lathyrus vinealis]]''
*''[[Lathyrus laetivirens]]'' {{small|Greene ex Rydb.}} – aspen pea
*''[[Lathyrus whitei]]''
*''[[Lathyrus laevigatus]]'' {{small|(Waldst. & Kit.) Gren.}}
*''[[Lathyrus lanszwertii]]'' {{small|Kellogg}} – Nevada pea
{{Div col end}}
** ''Lathyrus lanszwertii'' var. ''aridus'' {{small|(Piper) Jeps.}}
** ''Lathyrus lanszwertii'' var. ''arizonicus'' {{small|(Britton) S.L.Welsh}}
** [[Lathyrus lanszwertii var. bijugatus|''Lathyrus lanszwertii'' var. ''bijugatus'']] {{small|(T.G.White) Broich}} – drypark pea
** ''Lathyrus lanszwertii'' var. ''lanszwertii''
** ''Lathyrus lanszwertii'' var. ''pallescens'' {{small|Barneby}}
*''[[Lathyrus latifolius]]'' {{small|L.}} – everlasting pea, perennial pea
*''[[Lathyrus laxiflorus]]'' {{small|(Desf.) Kuntze}}
*''[[Lathyrus lentiformis]]'' {{small|Plitmann}}
*''[[Lathyrus leptophyllus]]'' {{small|M.Bieb.}}
*''[[Lathyrus libani]]'' {{small|Fritsch}} – Lebanon vetchling
*''[[Lathyrus linearifolius]]'' {{small|Vogel}}
*''[[Lathyrus linifolius]]'' {{small|(Reichard) Bässler}} – bitter vetch, heath pea
*''[[Lathyrus littoralis]]'' {{small|(Nutt.) Endl. ex Walp.}} – silky beach pea
*''[[Lathyrus lomanus]]'' {{small|I.M.Johnst.}}
*''[[Lathyrus lycicus]]'' {{small|Boiss. & Heldr.}}
*''[[Lathyrus macropus]]'' {{small|Gillies ex Hook. & Arn.}}
*''[[Lathyrus macrostachys]]'' {{small|Vogel}}
*''[[Lathyrus magellanicus]]'' {{small|Lam.}}
*''[[Lathyrus marmoratus]]'' {{small|Boiss. & Balansa}}
*''[[Lathyrus meridensis]]'' {{small|Pittier}}
*''[[Lathyrus miniatus]]'' {{small|M.Bieb. ex Steven}}
*''[[Lathyrus mulkak]]'' {{small|Lipsky}}
*''[[Lathyrus multiceps]]'' {{small|Clos}}
*''[[Lathyrus multijugus]]'' {{small|(Ledeb.) Czefr.}}
*''[[Lathyrus nervosus]]'' {{small|Lam.}} – Lord Anson's blue pea
*''[[Lathyrus neurolobus]]'' {{small|Boiss. & Heldr.}}
*''[[Lathyrus nevadensis]]'' {{small|S.Watson}} – Sierra pea
*''[[Lathyrus niger]]'' {{small|(L.) Bernh.}} – black pea
*''[[Lathyrus nigrivalvis]]'' {{small|Burkart}}
*''[[Lathyrus nissolia]]'' {{small|L.}} – grass vetchling
*''[[Lathyrus nitens]]'' {{small|Vogel}}
*''[[Lathyrus nivalis]]'' {{small|Hand.-Mazz.}}
*''[[Lathyrus numidicus]]'' {{small|Batt.}}
*''[[Lathyrus ochroleucus]]'' {{small|Hook.}} – cream pea
*''[[Lathyrus ochrus]]'' {{small|(L.) DC.}} – Cyprus-vetch
*''[[Lathyrus odoratus]]'' {{small|L.}} – sweet pea
*''[[pea|Lathyrus oleraceus]]'' {{small|Lam.}} – pea
*''[[Lathyrus pallescens]]'' {{small|(M.Bieb.) K.Koch}}
*''[[Lathyrus palustris]]'' {{small|L.}} – marsh pea
*''[[Lathyrus pancicii]]'' {{small|(Jurišić) Adamović}}
*''[[Lathyrus pannonicus]]'' {{small|(Jacq.) Garcke}}
*''[[Lathyrus paraguariensis]]'' {{small|Hassl.}}
*''[[Lathyrus paranensis]]'' {{small|Burkart}}
*''[[Lathyrus parodii]]'' {{small|Burkart}}
*''[[Lathyrus pauciflorus]]'' {{small|Fernald}} – fewflower pea
*''[[Lathyrus pisiformis]]'' {{small|L.}}
*''[[Lathyrus polyphyllus]]'' {{small|Nutt.}} – leafy pea
*''[[Lathyrus pratensis]]'' {{small|L.}} – meadow vetchling
*''[[Lathyrus pseudocicera]]'' {{small|Pamp.}}
*''[[Lathyrus pubescens]]'' {{small|Hook. & Arn.}}
*''[[Lathyrus pusillus]]'' {{small|Elliott}} – tiny pea, singletary vetchling
*''[[Lathyrus pygmaeus]]'' {{small|Gomb.}}
*''[[Lathyrus quinquenervius]]'' {{small|(Miq.) Litv.}}
*''[[Lathyrus rigidus]]'' {{small|T.G.White}} – stiff pea
*''[[Lathyrus roseus]]'' {{small|Small}}
*''[[Lathyrus rotundifolius]]'' {{small|Willd.}}
*''[[Lathyrus satdaghensis]]'' {{small|P.H.Davis}}
*''[[Lathyrus sativus]]'' {{small|L.}} – Indian pea, white pea, chickling vetch
*''[[Lathyrus saxatilis]]'' {{small|(Vent.) Vis.}}
*''[[Lathyrus sericeus]]'' {{small|Lam.}}
*''[[Lathyrus setifolius]]'' {{small|L.}}
*''[[Lathyrus spathulatus]]'' {{small|Čelak.}}
*''[[Lathyrus speciosus]]'' {{small|G.Don}}
*''[[Lathyrus sphaericus]]'' {{small|Retz.}} – grass pea
*''[[Lathyrus splendens]]'' {{small|Kellogg}} – pride of California
*''[[Lathyrus stenolobus]]'' {{small|Boiss.}}
*''[[Lathyrus stenophyllus]]'' {{small|Boiss. & Heldr.}}
*''[[Lathyrus subandinus]]'' {{small|Phil.}}
*''[[Lathyrus subulatus]]'' {{small|Lam.}}
*''[[Lathyrus sulphureus]]'' {{small|W.H.Brewer ex A.Gray}} – snub pea
*''[[Lathyrus sylvestris]]'' {{small|L.}} – flat pea
*''[[Lathyrus tauricola]]'' {{small|P.H.Davis}}
*''[[Lathyrus tefennicus]]'' {{small|Genç & Sahin}}
*''[[Lathyrus tingitanus]]'' {{small|L.}} – Tangier pea
*''[[Lathyrus torreyi]]'' {{small|A.Gray}} – Torrey's peavine
*''[[Lathyrus × tournefortii]]'' {{small|(Lapeyr.) A.W.Hill}}
*''[[Lathyrus trachycarpus]]'' {{small|(Boiss.) Boiss.}}
*''[[Lathyrus tracyi]]'' {{small|Bradshaw}}
*''[[Lathyrus transsylvanicus]]'' {{small|(Spreng.) Rchb.f.}}
*''[[Lathyrus tremolsianus]]'' {{small|Pau}}
*''[[Lathyrus tropicalandinus]]'' {{small|Burkart}}
*''[[Lathyrus tuberosus]]'' {{small|L.}} – tuberous pea
*''[[Lathyrus tukhtensis]]'' {{small|Czeczott}}
*''[[Lathyrus undulatus]]'' {{small|Boiss.}} – wavy pea
*''[[Lathyrus vaniotii]]'' {{small|H.Lév.}} – Korean mountain vetchling<ref>{{Cite book|url=http://www.forest.go.kr/kna/special/download/English_Names_for_Korean_Native_Plants.pdf|title=English Names for Korean Native Plants|publisher=[[Korea National Arboretum]]|year=2015|isbn=978-89-97450-98-5|location=Pocheon|pages=511|access-date=22 December 2016|via=[[Korea Forest Service]]|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525105020/http://www.forest.go.kr/kna/special/download/English_Names_for_Korean_Native_Plants.pdf|archive-date=25 May 2017}}</ref>
*''[[Lathyrus venetus]]'' {{small|(Mill.) Wohlf.}}
*''[[Lathyrus venosus]]'' {{small|Muhl. ex Willd.}} – veiny pea, bushy vetchling
*''[[Lathyrus vernus]]'' {{small|(L.) Bernh.}} – spring pea
*''[[Lathyrus vestitus]]'' {{small|Nutt.}} – Pacific pea
*''[[Lathyrus vinealis]]'' {{small|Boiss. & Noë}}
*''[[Lathyrus vivantii]]'' {{small|P.Monts.}}
*''[[Lathyrus whitei]]'' {{small|Kupicha}}
*''[[Lathyrus woronowii]]'' {{small|Bornm.}}
*''[[Lathyrus zalaghensis]]'' {{small|Andr.}}


{{Div col end}}
==Jewish law==
''Lathyrus'' can be mixed with bitter peas without violating the Jewish law of [[Kil'ayim (prohibition)|Kilayim]].<ref>Mishnayot Kilayim 1:1</ref>


==Ecology==
==Ecology==
''Lathyrus'' species are used as food plants by the [[larva]]e of some [[Lepidoptera]] species, including the [[grey chi]] (''Antitype chi'') and the [[latticed heath]] (''Chiasmia clathrata''), both recorded on [[Lathyrus pratensis|meadow vetchling]] (''Lathyrus pratensis''), and ''[[Chionodes braunella]]''.
''Lathyrus'' species are used as food plants by the [[larva]]e of some [[Lepidoptera]] species, including the [[grey chi]] (''Antitype chi'') and the [[latticed heath]] (''Chiasmia clathrata''), both recorded on [[Lathyrus pratensis|meadow vetchling]] (''Lathyrus pratensis''), and ''[[Chionodes braunella]]''. ''Lathyrus'' growth abundance and size both decrease in response to increased temperatures in montane meadows.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=de Valpine |first1=Perry |last2=Harte |first2=John |title=Plant Responses to Experimental Warming in a Montane Meadow |date=1 March 2001 |url=https://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1890/0012-9658(2001)082[0637:PRTEWI]2.0.CO;2 |journal=Ecology |volume=82 |issue=3 |pages=637–648|doi=10.1890/0012-9658(2001)082[0637:PRTEWI]2.0.CO;2 }}</ref>


==Notes==
==Notes==
Line 139: Line 255:


==External links==
==External links==
* {{Commons category inline|Lathyrus}}
* {{Commons category-inline|Lathyrus}}
* [http://www.calflora.org/cgi-bin/specieslist.cgi?where-genus=Lathyrus Calflora Database: ''Lathyrus'' species index]
* [http://www.calflora.org/cgi-bin/specieslist.cgi?where-genus=Lathyrus Calflora Database: ''Lathyrus'' species index]
* [http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/get_IJM.pl?key=9364 Jepson Flora Project: Key to ''Lathyrus'']
* [http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/get_IJM.pl?key=9364 Jepson Flora Project: Key to ''Lathyrus'']



{{Taxonbar|from=Q157209}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q157209}}
{{Authority control}}


[[Category:Lathyrus| ]]
[[Category:Lathyrus| ]]
[[Category:Fabeae]]
[[Category:Fabaceae genera]]
[[Category:Garden plants]]
[[Category:Garden plants]]
[[Category:Poisonous plants]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus]]

Latest revision as of 21:32, 21 March 2024

Lathyrus
Grass vetchling (Lathyrus nissolia)
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Fabales
Family: Fabaceae
Subfamily: Faboideae
Clade: Inverted repeat-lacking clade
Tribe: Fabeae
Genus: Lathyrus
L. (1753), nom. cons.[1]
Species[2]

181; see text

Synonyms[2]
  • Anurus C.Presl (1837)
  • Aphaca Mill. (1754)
  • Astrophia Nutt. (1838)
  • Athyrus Neck. (1790), opus utique oppr.
  • Cicercula Medik. (1787)
  • Clymenum Mill. (1754)
  • Graphiosa Alef. (1861)
  • Konxikas Raf. (1840)
  • Lastila Alef. (1861)
  • Lathyroides Heist. (1759), nom. superfl.
  • Lathyros St.-Lag. (1880), orth. var.
  • Menkenia Bubani (1899)
  • Navidura Alef. (1861)
  • Nissolia Mill. (1754), nom. rej.
  • Ochrus Mill. (1754)
  • Orobus L. (1753)
  • Oxypogon Raf. (1819)
  • Pisum L. (1753)
  • Platystylis Sweet (1828)
  • Spatulima Raf. (1837)
  • Vavilovia Fed. (1939)

Lathyrus /ˈlæθɪrəs/[3] is a genus of flowering plants in the legume family Fabaceae, and contains approximately 160 species. Commonly known as peavines or vetchlings,[1] they are native to temperate areas, with a breakdown of 52 species in Europe, 30 species in North America, 78 in Asia, 24 in tropical East Africa, and 24 in temperate South America.[4] There are annual and perennial species which may be climbing or bushy. This genus has numerous sections, including Orobus, which was once a separate genus.[5] The genus has numerous synonyms, including Pisum, the ancient Latin name for the pea.[6]

Uses

[edit]

Several species are grown for food, including the pea (Lathyrus oleraceus), Indian pea (L. sativus), and the red pea (L. cicera), and less commonly cyprus-vetch (L. ochrus) and Spanish vetchling (L. clymenum). The tuberous pea (L. tuberosus) is grown as a root vegetable for its starchy edible tuber. The seeds of some Lathyrus species contain the toxic amino acid oxalyldiaminopropionic acid and if eaten in large quantities can cause lathyrism, a serious disease.[7]

Many species are cultivated as garden plants. The genus includes the garden sweet pea (Lathyrus odoratus) and the perennial everlasting pea (Lathyrus latifolius). Flowers on these cultivated species may be rose, red, maroon, pink, white, yellow, purple or blue, and some are bicolored. They are also grown for their fragrance. Cultivated species are susceptible to fungal infections including downy and powdery mildew.

Species

[edit]
Harvest of Lathyrus aphaca crop
Lathyrus aureus
Lathyrus clymenum
Lathyrus davidii
Lathyrus latifolius 'Pink Pearl'
Lathyrus nevadensis ssp. nevadensis
Lathyrus odoratus, sweet pea mixture
Lathyrus vernus, spring pea

181 species are currently accepted.[2][8]

Ecology

[edit]

Lathyrus species are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species, including the grey chi (Antitype chi) and the latticed heath (Chiasmia clathrata), both recorded on meadow vetchling (Lathyrus pratensis), and Chionodes braunella. Lathyrus growth abundance and size both decrease in response to increased temperatures in montane meadows.[10]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ a b "genus Lathyrus". Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN) online database. Retrieved 10 March 2017.
  2. ^ a b c Lathyrus L. Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 9 August 2023.
  3. ^ Sunset Western Garden Book, 1995:606–607
  4. ^ Asmussen, C. B; A. Liston. (March 1998). "Chloroplast DNA characters, phylogeny, and classification of Lathyrus (Fabaceae)". American Journal of Botany. 85 (3): 387–401. doi:10.2307/2446332. JSTOR 2446332. PMID 21684923.
  5. ^ Fred, Edwin Broun; Baldwin, Ira Lawrence; McCoy, Elizabeth (1932). Root Nodule Bacteria and Leguminous Plants. UW-Madison Libraries Parallel Press. p. 142. ISBN 978-1-893311-28-2.
  6. ^ Gledhill, David (2008). "The Names of Plants". Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521866453 (hardback), ISBN 9780521685535 (paperback). pp 304
  7. ^ Barrow, M. V.; et al. (1974). "Lathyrism: A Review". The Quarterly Review of Biology. 49 (2): 101–128. doi:10.1086/408017. JSTOR 2820941. PMID 4601279. S2CID 33451792.
  8. ^ GRIN Species Records of Lathyrus. Archived 2008-10-14 at the Wayback Machine Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN).
  9. ^ English Names for Korean Native Plants (PDF). Pocheon: Korea National Arboretum. 2015. p. 511. ISBN 978-89-97450-98-5. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 May 2017. Retrieved 22 December 2016 – via Korea Forest Service.
  10. ^ de Valpine, Perry; Harte, John (1 March 2001). "Plant Responses to Experimental Warming in a Montane Meadow". Ecology. 82 (3): 637–648. doi:10.1890/0012-9658(2001)082[0637:PRTEWI]2.0.CO;2.
[edit]
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