Lathyrus: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Plant genus in the pea family Fabaceae}} |
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{{italic title}} |
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{{taxobox |
{{Automatic taxobox |
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|image = Grass vetchling close 800.jpg |
|image = Grass vetchling close 800.jpg |
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|image_caption = Grass |
|image_caption = [[Lathyrus nissolia|Grass vetchling]] (''Lathyrus nissolia'') |
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|display_parents = 2 |
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|regnum = [[Plant]]ae |
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|taxon = Lathyrus |
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|unranked_divisio = [[Angiosperms]] |
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|authority = [[Carl Linnaeus|L.]] (1753), nom. cons.<ref name=GRINgenus>{{GRIN genus | name = ''Lathyrus'' | id = 6554 | accessdate = 10 March 2017}}</ref> |
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|unranked_classis = [[Eudicots]] |
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|unranked_ordo = [[Rosids]] |
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|ordo = [[Fabales]] |
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|familia = [[Fabaceae]] |
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|subfamilia = [[Faboideae]] |
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|tribus = [[Fabeae]] |
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|genus = '''''Lathyrus''''' |
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|genus_authority = [[Carl Linnaeus|L.]] |
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|subdivision_ranks = Species |
|subdivision_ranks = Species |
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|subdivision = |
|subdivision = 181; see text |
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|subdivision_ref = <ref name = powo/> |
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|}} |
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|synonyms = |
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*''Anurus'' {{small|C.Presl (1837)}} |
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*''Aphaca'' {{small|Mill. (1754)}} |
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*''Astrophia'' {{small|Nutt. (1838)}} |
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*''Athyrus'' {{small|Neck. (1790), opus utique oppr.}} |
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*''Cicercula'' {{small|Medik. (1787)}} |
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*''Clymenum'' {{small|Mill. (1754)}} |
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*''Graphiosa'' {{small|Alef. (1861)}} |
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*''Konxikas'' {{small|Raf. (1840)}} |
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*''Lastila'' {{small|Alef. (1861)}} |
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*''Lathyroides'' {{small|Heist. (1759), nom. superfl.}} |
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*''Lathyros'' {{small|St.-Lag. (1880), orth. var.}} |
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*''Menkenia'' {{small|Bubani (1899)}} |
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*''Navidura'' {{small|Alef. (1861)}} |
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*''Nissolia'' {{small|Mill. (1754), nom. rej.}} |
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*''Ochrus'' {{small|Mill. (1754)}} |
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*''Orobus'' {{small|L. (1753)}} |
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*''Oxypogon'' {{small|Raf. (1819)}} |
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*''Pisum'' {{small|L. (1753)}} |
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*''Platystylis'' {{small|Sweet (1828)}} |
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*''Spatulima'' {{small|Raf. (1837)}} |
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*''Vavilovia'' {{small|Fed. (1939)}} |
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|synonyms_ref = <ref name=powo>[https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30005985-2 ''Lathyrus'' L.] ''[[Plants of the World Online]]''. Retrieved 9 August 2023.</ref> |
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}} |
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'''''Lathyrus''''' |
'''''Lathyrus''''' {{IPAc-en|ˈ|l|æ|θ|ᵻ|r|ə|s}}<ref>''Sunset Western Garden Book,'' 1995:606–607</ref> is a [[genus]] of [[flowering plant]]s |
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in the [[legume]] family [[Fabaceae]], and contains approximately 160 species. Commonly known as '''peavines''' or '''vetchlings''',<ref name=GRINgenus/> they are [[native species|native]] to [[temperate]] areas, with a breakdown of 52 species in Europe, 30 species in North America, 78 in Asia, 24 in tropical East Africa, and 24 in temperate South America.<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Asmussen, C. B |author2=A. Liston.| title= Chloroplast DNA characters, phylogeny, and classification of ''Lathyrus'' (Fabaceae)| journal= American Journal of Botany|date=March 1998 | volume=85| issue=3| pages= 387–401| doi= 10.2307/2446332 | jstor=2446332|pmid=21684923| doi-access=free}}</ref> There are [[Annual plant|annual]] and [[Perennial plant|perennial]] species which may be climbing or bushy. This genus has numerous sections, including ''Orobus'', which was once a separate genus.<ref>{{cite book |author1=Fred, Edwin Broun |author2=Baldwin, Ira Lawrence |author3=McCoy, Elizabeth | year = 1932 | title = Root Nodule Bacteria and Leguminous Plants | publisher = UW-Madison Libraries Parallel Press | isbn = 978-1-893311-28-2 | pages =142}}</ref> The genus has numerous synonyms, including ''Pisum'', the ancient [[Latin]] name for the pea.<ref name="gledhill">Gledhill, David (2008). "The Names of Plants". Cambridge University Press. {{ISBN|9780521866453}} (hardback), {{ISBN|9780521685535}} (paperback). pp 304</ref> |
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== |
==Uses== |
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Several species are grown for food, including the [[pea]] (''Lathyrus oleraceus''), [[Lathyrus sativus|Indian pea]] (''L. sativus''), and the [[Lathyrus cicera|red pea]] (''L. cicera''), and less commonly [[Lathyrus ochrus|cyprus-vetch]] (''L. ochrus'') and [[Fava Santorinis|Spanish vetchling]] (''L. clymenum''). The [[Lathyrus tuberosus|tuberous pea]] (''L. tuberosus'') is grown as a [[root vegetable]] for its starchy edible [[tuber]]. The [[seed]]s of some ''Lathyrus'' species contain the toxic [[amino acid]] [[oxalyldiaminopropionic acid]] and if eaten in large quantities can cause [[lathyrism]], a serious disease.<ref>{{cite journal |
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The genus includes the garden [[sweet pea]] (''Lathyrus odoratus'') and the [[Perennial plant|perennial]] [[everlasting pea]] (''Lathyrus latifolius''). [[Flower]]s on these cultivated species may be rose, red, maroon, pink, white, yellow, purple or blue and some are bicolored; they are also fragrant, which makes them a very popular garden plant. Cultivated species are susceptible to [[fungal]] infections including downy and powdery [[mildew]]. ''Lathyrus'' species are used as food plants by the [[larva]]e of some [[Lepidoptera]] species including [[Grey Chi]], [[Latticed Heath]] (both recorded on [[Meadow Vetchling]]) and ''[[Chionodes|Chionodes braunella]]''. |
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| author = Barrow, M. V.| title = Lathyrism: A Review |
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==Other species== |
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Other species are grown for food, including ''[[Lathyrus sativus|L. sativus]]'' and ''L. cicera'', and less commonly ''L. ochrus'' and ''L. clymenum''. ''[[Lathyrus tuberosus|L. tuberosus]]'' is grown as a [[root vegetable]] for its starchy edible [[tuber]]. |
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The [[seed]]s of some ''Lathyrus'' species contain a toxic [[amino acid]] and if eaten in large quantities can cause [[lathyrism]], a serious disease.<ref>{{cite journal |
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| author = Mark V. Barrow; Charles F. Simpson; Edward J. Miller |
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| title = Lathyrism: A Review |
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| year = 1974 |
| year = 1974 |
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| journal = The Quarterly Review of Biology |
| journal = The Quarterly Review of Biology |
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| doi = 10.1086/408017 |
| doi = 10.1086/408017 |
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| pmid = 4601279 |
| pmid = 4601279 |
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| jstor=2820941 |
| jstor=2820941| s2cid = 33451792 |
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|display-authors=etal}}</ref> |
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Many species are cultivated as garden plants. The genus includes the garden [[sweet pea]] (''Lathyrus odoratus'') and the [[Perennial plant|perennial]] [[Lathyrus latifolius|everlasting pea]] (''Lathyrus latifolius''). [[Flower]]s on these cultivated species may be rose, red, maroon, pink, white, yellow, purple or blue, and some are bicolored. They are also grown for their fragrance. Cultivated species are susceptible to [[fungus|fungal]] infections including [[downy mildew|downy]] and [[powdery mildew]]. |
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== Selected species == |
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==Species== |
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* ''[[Lathyrus angulatus]]'' (Angled Pea) |
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[[File:Gleaner-a85.jpg|thumb|right|Harvest of ''[[Lathyrus aphaca]]'' crop]] |
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[[File:Lathyrus aureus0.jpg|thumb|right|''[[Lathyrus aureus]]'']] |
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[[File:Lathyrus clymenum.JPG|thumb|right|''[[Lathyrus clymenum]]'']] |
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[[File:Lathyrus davidii 2.jpg|thumb|right|''[[Lathyrus davidii]]'']] |
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[[File:Lathyrus latifolius C.jpg|thumb|right|''[[Lathyrus latifolius]]'' 'Pink Pearl']] |
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[[File:Lathyrus nevadensis 0873.JPG|thumb|right|''[[Lathyrus nevadensis]]'' ssp. ''nevadensis'']] |
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[[File:Lathyrus odoratus1.jpg|thumb|''[[Lathyrus odoratus]]'', sweet pea mixture]] |
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[[File:Lathyrus vernus RF.jpg|thumb|''[[Lathyrus vernus]]'', spring pea]] |
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181 species are currently accepted.<ref name = powo/><ref name=GRINspecies>[http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/splist.pl?6554 GRIN Species Records of ''Lathyrus''.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081014190520/http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/splist.pl?6554 |date=2008-10-14 }} Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN).</ref> |
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* ''[[Lathyrus japonicus]]'' (Sea Pea) |
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{{Div col}} |
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* ''[[Lathyrus jepsonii]]'' (Delta Tule Pea) |
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* |
*''[[Lathyrus acutifolius]]'' {{small|Vogel}} |
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* |
*''[[Lathyrus alamutensis]]'' {{small|Mozaff., Ahavazi & Charkhch.}} |
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* |
*''[[Lathyrus alpestris]]'' {{small|(Waldst. & Kit.) Kit.}} |
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* |
*''[[Lathyrus amphicarpos]]'' {{small|L.}} |
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* |
*''[[Lathyrus angulatus]]'' {{small|L.}} – angled pea |
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* |
*''[[Lathyrus anhuiensis]]'' {{small|Y.J.Zhu & R.X.Meng}} |
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* |
*''[[Lathyrus annuus]]'' {{small|L.}} – red fodder pea |
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* |
*''[[Lathyrus apenninus]]'' {{small|F.Conti}} |
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*''[[Lathyrus aphaca]]'' {{small|L.}} – yellow pea |
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* ''[[Lathyrus palustris]]'' (Marsh Pea)[[File:Lathyrus_pauciflorus_9684.JPG|thumb|right|200px|''[[Lathyrus pauciflorus]]'']] |
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* |
*''[[Lathyrus armenus]]'' {{small|(Boiss. & A.Huet) Čelak.}} |
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* |
*''[[Lathyrus articulatus]]'' {{small|L.}} |
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*''[[Lathyrus atropatanus]]'' {{small|(Grossh.) Širj.}} |
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* ''[[Lathyrus pratensis]]'' (Meadow Vetchling)[[Image:Lathyrus vernus 030403.jpg|thumb|right|200px|''[[Lathyrus vernus]]'']] |
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* |
*''[[Lathyrus aureus]]'' {{small|(G.Lodd. ex Drapiez) D.Brândză}} – golden pea |
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* |
*''[[Lathyrus basalticus]]'' {{small|Rech.f.}} |
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* |
*''[[Lathyrus bauhini]]'' {{small|P.A.Genty}} |
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*''[[Lathyrus belinensis]]'' {{small|Maxted & Goyder}} |
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* |
*''[[Lathyrus berteroanus]]'' {{small|Colla}} |
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* |
*''[[Lathyrus biflorus]]'' {{small|T.W.Nelson & J.P.Nelson}} – twoflower pea |
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* |
*''[[Lathyrus bijugus]]'' {{small|Boiss. & Noë}} – drypark pea |
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*''[[Lathyrus binatus]]'' {{small|Pančić}} |
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*''[[Lathyrus bitlisicus]]'' {{small|Peşmen & Güner}} |
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* |
*''[[Lathyrus blepharicarpos]]'' {{small|Boiss.}} – ciliate vetchling |
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* |
*''[[Lathyrus boissieri]]'' {{small|Širj.}} |
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*''[[Lathyrus brachycalyx]]'' {{small|Rydb.}} – Bonneville pea |
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*''[[Lathyrus brachyodon]]'' {{small|Murb.}} |
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*''[[Lathyrus brachypterus]]'' {{small|Čelak.}} |
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*''[[Lathyrus brownii]]'' {{small|Eastw.}} |
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*''[[Lathyrus cabrerianus]]'' {{small|Burkart}} |
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*''[[Lathyrus campestris]]'' {{small|Phil.}} |
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*''[[Lathyrus cassius]]'' {{small|Boiss.}} |
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*''[[Lathyrus caudatus]]'' {{small|C.F.Wei & H.P.Tsui}} |
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*''[[Lathyrus chloranthus]]'' {{small|Boiss. & Balansa}} |
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*''[[Lathyrus chrysanthus]]'' {{small|Boiss.}} |
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*''[[Lathyrus cicera]]'' {{small|L.}} – red pea |
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*''[[Lathyrus ciliatidentatus]]'' {{small|Czefr.}} |
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*''[[Lathyrus cilicicus]]'' {{small|Hayek & Siehe}} |
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*''[[Lathyrus ciliolatus]]'' {{small|Sam. ex Rech.f.}} |
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*''[[Lathyrus cirpicii]]'' {{small|Güneş}} |
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*''[[Lathyrus cirrhosus]]'' {{small|Ser.}} |
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*''[[Lathyrus clymenum]]'' {{small|L.}} – Spanish vetchling |
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*''[[Lathyrus colchicus]]'' {{small|Lipsky}} |
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*''[[Lathyrus crassipes]]'' {{small|Gillies ex Hook. & Arn.}} – ''arvejilla'' |
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*''[[Lathyrus cyaneus]]'' {{small|(Steven) K.Koch}} |
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*''[[Lathyrus czeczottianus]]'' {{small|Bässler}} |
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*''[[Lathyrus davidii]]'' {{small|Hance}} |
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*''[[Lathyrus decaphyllus]]'' {{small|Pursh}} – prairie vetchling |
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*''[[Lathyrus delnorticus]]'' {{small|C.L.Hitchc.}} – Del Norte pea |
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*''[[Lathyrus dielsianus]]'' {{small|Harms}} |
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*''[[Lathyrus digitatus]]'' {{small|(M.Bieb.) Fiori}} |
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*''[[Lathyrus elegans]]'' {{small|Vogel}} |
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*''[[Lathyrus elongatus]]'' {{small|(Bornm.) Širj.}} |
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*''[[Lathyrus emodi]]'' {{small|(Wall. ex Fritsch) Fritsch ex T.Durand & B.D.Jacks.}} |
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*''[[Lathyrus eucosmus]]'' {{small|Butters & H.St.John}} – seemly vetchling, bush vetchling |
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*''[[Lathyrus filiformis]]'' {{small|(Lam.) J.Gay}} |
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*''[[Lathyrus fissus]]'' {{small|Ball}} |
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*''[[Lathyrus formosus]]'' {{small|(Steven) Kenicer}} – Vavilovia |
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*''[[Lathyrus frolovii]]'' {{small|Fisch. ex Rupr.}} |
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*''[[Lathyrus fulvus]]'' {{small|(Sm.) Kosterin}} |
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*''[[Lathyrus glandulosus]]'' {{small|Broich}} |
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*''[[Lathyrus gloeosperma]]'' {{small|Warb. & Eig}} |
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*''[[Lathyrus gmelinii]]'' {{small|(Fisch. ex Ser.) Fritsch}} |
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*''[[Lathyrus golanensis]]'' {{small|O.Cohen & Plitmann}} |
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*''[[Lathyrus gorgoni]]'' {{small|Parl.}} |
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*''[[Lathyrus graminifolius]]'' {{small|(S.Watson) T.G.White}} – grassleaf pea |
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*''[[Lathyrus grandiflorus]]'' {{small|Sm.}} – twoflower everlasting pea |
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*''[[Lathyrus grimesii]]'' {{small|Barneby}} – Grimes' pea |
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*''[[Lathyrus hallersteinii]]'' {{small|Baumg.}} |
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*''[[Lathyrus hasslerianus]]'' {{small|Burkart}} |
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*''[[Lathyrus heterophyllus]]'' {{small|L.}} – Norfolk everlasting pea |
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*''[[Lathyrus hierosolymitanus]]'' {{small|Boiss.}} |
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*''[[Lathyrus hirsutus]]'' {{small|L.}} – hairy vetchling |
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*''[[Lathyrus hirticarpus]]'' {{small|Mattatia & Heyn}} |
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*''[[Lathyrus hitchcockianus]]'' {{small|Barneby & Reveal}} – Bullfrog Mountain pea |
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*''[[Lathyrus holochlorus]]'' {{small|(Piper) C.L.Hitchc.}} – thinleaf pea |
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*''[[Lathyrus hookeri]]'' {{small|G.Don}} |
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*''[[Lathyrus humilis]]'' {{small|(Ser.) Fisch. ex Spreng.}} |
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*''[[Lathyrus hygrophilus]]'' {{small|Taub.}} |
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*''[[Lathyrus inconspicuus]]'' {{small|L.}} |
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*''[[Lathyrus incurvus]]'' {{small|(Roth) Willd.}} |
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*''[[Lathyrus japonicus]]'' {{small|Willd.}} – sea pea, beach pea |
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*''[[Lathyrus jepsonii]]'' {{small|Greene}} – delta tule pea |
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*''[[Lathyrus karsianus]]'' {{small|P.H.Davis}} |
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*''[[Lathyrus ketzkhovelii]]'' {{small|Avazneli}} |
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*''[[Lathyrus komarovii]]'' {{small|Ohwi}} |
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*''[[Lathyrus krylovii]]'' {{small|Serg.}} |
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*''[[Lathyrus laetivirens]]'' {{small|Greene ex Rydb.}} – aspen pea |
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*''[[Lathyrus laevigatus]]'' {{small|(Waldst. & Kit.) Gren.}} |
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*''[[Lathyrus lanszwertii]]'' {{small|Kellogg}} – Nevada pea |
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** ''Lathyrus lanszwertii'' var. ''aridus'' {{small|(Piper) Jeps.}} |
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** ''Lathyrus lanszwertii'' var. ''arizonicus'' {{small|(Britton) S.L.Welsh}} |
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** [[Lathyrus lanszwertii var. bijugatus|''Lathyrus lanszwertii'' var. ''bijugatus'']] {{small|(T.G.White) Broich}} – drypark pea |
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** ''Lathyrus lanszwertii'' var. ''lanszwertii'' |
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** ''Lathyrus lanszwertii'' var. ''pallescens'' {{small|Barneby}} |
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*''[[Lathyrus latifolius]]'' {{small|L.}} – everlasting pea, perennial pea |
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*''[[Lathyrus laxiflorus]]'' {{small|(Desf.) Kuntze}} |
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*''[[Lathyrus lentiformis]]'' {{small|Plitmann}} |
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*''[[Lathyrus leptophyllus]]'' {{small|M.Bieb.}} |
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*''[[Lathyrus libani]]'' {{small|Fritsch}} – Lebanon vetchling |
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*''[[Lathyrus linearifolius]]'' {{small|Vogel}} |
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*''[[Lathyrus linifolius]]'' {{small|(Reichard) Bässler}} – bitter vetch, heath pea |
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*''[[Lathyrus littoralis]]'' {{small|(Nutt.) Endl. ex Walp.}} – silky beach pea |
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*''[[Lathyrus lomanus]]'' {{small|I.M.Johnst.}} |
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*''[[Lathyrus lycicus]]'' {{small|Boiss. & Heldr.}} |
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*''[[Lathyrus macropus]]'' {{small|Gillies ex Hook. & Arn.}} |
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*''[[Lathyrus macrostachys]]'' {{small|Vogel}} |
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*''[[Lathyrus magellanicus]]'' {{small|Lam.}} |
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*''[[Lathyrus marmoratus]]'' {{small|Boiss. & Balansa}} |
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*''[[Lathyrus meridensis]]'' {{small|Pittier}} |
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*''[[Lathyrus miniatus]]'' {{small|M.Bieb. ex Steven}} |
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*''[[Lathyrus mulkak]]'' {{small|Lipsky}} |
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*''[[Lathyrus multiceps]]'' {{small|Clos}} |
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*''[[Lathyrus multijugus]]'' {{small|(Ledeb.) Czefr.}} |
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*''[[Lathyrus nervosus]]'' {{small|Lam.}} – Lord Anson's blue pea |
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*''[[Lathyrus neurolobus]]'' {{small|Boiss. & Heldr.}} |
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*''[[Lathyrus nevadensis]]'' {{small|S.Watson}} – Sierra pea |
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*''[[Lathyrus niger]]'' {{small|(L.) Bernh.}} – black pea |
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*''[[Lathyrus nigrivalvis]]'' {{small|Burkart}} |
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*''[[Lathyrus nissolia]]'' {{small|L.}} – grass vetchling |
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*''[[Lathyrus nitens]]'' {{small|Vogel}} |
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*''[[Lathyrus nivalis]]'' {{small|Hand.-Mazz.}} |
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*''[[Lathyrus numidicus]]'' {{small|Batt.}} |
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*''[[Lathyrus ochroleucus]]'' {{small|Hook.}} – cream pea |
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*''[[Lathyrus ochrus]]'' {{small|(L.) DC.}} – Cyprus-vetch |
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*''[[Lathyrus odoratus]]'' {{small|L.}} – sweet pea |
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*''[[pea|Lathyrus oleraceus]]'' {{small|Lam.}} – pea |
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*''[[Lathyrus pallescens]]'' {{small|(M.Bieb.) K.Koch}} |
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*''[[Lathyrus palustris]]'' {{small|L.}} – marsh pea |
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*''[[Lathyrus pancicii]]'' {{small|(Jurišić) Adamović}} |
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*''[[Lathyrus pannonicus]]'' {{small|(Jacq.) Garcke}} |
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*''[[Lathyrus paraguariensis]]'' {{small|Hassl.}} |
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*''[[Lathyrus paranensis]]'' {{small|Burkart}} |
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*''[[Lathyrus parodii]]'' {{small|Burkart}} |
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*''[[Lathyrus pauciflorus]]'' {{small|Fernald}} – fewflower pea |
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*''[[Lathyrus pisiformis]]'' {{small|L.}} |
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*''[[Lathyrus polyphyllus]]'' {{small|Nutt.}} – leafy pea |
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*''[[Lathyrus pratensis]]'' {{small|L.}} – meadow vetchling |
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*''[[Lathyrus pseudocicera]]'' {{small|Pamp.}} |
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*''[[Lathyrus pubescens]]'' {{small|Hook. & Arn.}} |
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*''[[Lathyrus pusillus]]'' {{small|Elliott}} – tiny pea, singletary vetchling |
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*''[[Lathyrus pygmaeus]]'' {{small|Gomb.}} |
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*''[[Lathyrus quinquenervius]]'' {{small|(Miq.) Litv.}} |
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*''[[Lathyrus rigidus]]'' {{small|T.G.White}} – stiff pea |
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*''[[Lathyrus roseus]]'' {{small|Small}} |
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*''[[Lathyrus rotundifolius]]'' {{small|Willd.}} |
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*''[[Lathyrus satdaghensis]]'' {{small|P.H.Davis}} |
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*''[[Lathyrus sativus]]'' {{small|L.}} – Indian pea, white pea, chickling vetch |
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*''[[Lathyrus saxatilis]]'' {{small|(Vent.) Vis.}} |
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*''[[Lathyrus sericeus]]'' {{small|Lam.}} |
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*''[[Lathyrus setifolius]]'' {{small|L.}} |
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*''[[Lathyrus spathulatus]]'' {{small|Čelak.}} |
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*''[[Lathyrus speciosus]]'' {{small|G.Don}} |
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*''[[Lathyrus sphaericus]]'' {{small|Retz.}} – grass pea |
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*''[[Lathyrus splendens]]'' {{small|Kellogg}} – pride of California |
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*''[[Lathyrus stenolobus]]'' {{small|Boiss.}} |
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*''[[Lathyrus stenophyllus]]'' {{small|Boiss. & Heldr.}} |
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*''[[Lathyrus subandinus]]'' {{small|Phil.}} |
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*''[[Lathyrus subulatus]]'' {{small|Lam.}} |
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*''[[Lathyrus sulphureus]]'' {{small|W.H.Brewer ex A.Gray}} – snub pea |
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*''[[Lathyrus sylvestris]]'' {{small|L.}} – flat pea |
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*''[[Lathyrus tauricola]]'' {{small|P.H.Davis}} |
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*''[[Lathyrus tefennicus]]'' {{small|Genç & Sahin}} |
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*''[[Lathyrus tingitanus]]'' {{small|L.}} – Tangier pea |
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*''[[Lathyrus torreyi]]'' {{small|A.Gray}} – Torrey's peavine |
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*''[[Lathyrus × tournefortii]]'' {{small|(Lapeyr.) A.W.Hill}} |
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*''[[Lathyrus trachycarpus]]'' {{small|(Boiss.) Boiss.}} |
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*''[[Lathyrus tracyi]]'' {{small|Bradshaw}} |
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*''[[Lathyrus transsylvanicus]]'' {{small|(Spreng.) Rchb.f.}} |
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*''[[Lathyrus tremolsianus]]'' {{small|Pau}} |
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*''[[Lathyrus tropicalandinus]]'' {{small|Burkart}} |
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*''[[Lathyrus tuberosus]]'' {{small|L.}} – tuberous pea |
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*''[[Lathyrus tukhtensis]]'' {{small|Czeczott}} |
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*''[[Lathyrus undulatus]]'' {{small|Boiss.}} – wavy pea |
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*''[[Lathyrus vaniotii]]'' {{small|H.Lév.}} – Korean mountain vetchling<ref>{{Cite book|url=http://www.forest.go.kr/kna/special/download/English_Names_for_Korean_Native_Plants.pdf|title=English Names for Korean Native Plants|publisher=[[Korea National Arboretum]]|year=2015|isbn=978-89-97450-98-5|location=Pocheon|pages=511|access-date=22 December 2016|via=[[Korea Forest Service]]|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525105020/http://www.forest.go.kr/kna/special/download/English_Names_for_Korean_Native_Plants.pdf|archive-date=25 May 2017}}</ref> |
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*''[[Lathyrus venetus]]'' {{small|(Mill.) Wohlf.}} |
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*''[[Lathyrus venosus]]'' {{small|Muhl. ex Willd.}} – veiny pea, bushy vetchling |
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*''[[Lathyrus vernus]]'' {{small|(L.) Bernh.}} – spring pea |
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*''[[Lathyrus vestitus]]'' {{small|Nutt.}} – Pacific pea |
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*''[[Lathyrus vinealis]]'' {{small|Boiss. & Noë}} |
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*''[[Lathyrus vivantii]]'' {{small|P.Monts.}} |
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*''[[Lathyrus whitei]]'' {{small|Kupicha}} |
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*''[[Lathyrus woronowii]]'' {{small|Bornm.}} |
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*''[[Lathyrus zalaghensis]]'' {{small|Andr.}} |
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{{Div col end}} |
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==Ecology== |
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''Lathyrus'' species are used as food plants by the [[larva]]e of some [[Lepidoptera]] species, including the [[grey chi]] (''Antitype chi'') and the [[latticed heath]] (''Chiasmia clathrata''), both recorded on [[Lathyrus pratensis|meadow vetchling]] (''Lathyrus pratensis''), and ''[[Chionodes braunella]]''. ''Lathyrus'' growth abundance and size both decrease in response to increased temperatures in montane meadows.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=de Valpine |first1=Perry |last2=Harte |first2=John |title=Plant Responses to Experimental Warming in a Montane Meadow |date=1 March 2001 |url=https://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1890/0012-9658(2001)082[0637:PRTEWI]2.0.CO;2 |journal=Ecology |volume=82 |issue=3 |pages=637–648|doi=10.1890/0012-9658(2001)082[0637:PRTEWI]2.0.CO;2 }}</ref> |
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==Notes== |
==Notes== |
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{{ |
{{Reflist}} |
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==External links== |
==External links== |
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{{Commons|Lathyrus}} |
* {{Commons category-inline|Lathyrus}} |
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* [http://www.calflora.org/cgi-bin/specieslist.cgi?where-genus=Lathyrus Calflora Database: ''Lathyrus'' species index] |
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{{wikispecies}} |
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*[http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/ |
* [http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/get_IJM.pl?key=9364 Jepson Flora Project: Key to ''Lathyrus''] |
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{{Taxonbar|from=Q157209}} |
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{{Authority control}} |
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[[Category:Fabaceae genera]] |
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Latest revision as of 21:32, 21 March 2024
| Lathyrus | |
|---|---|
| |
| Grass vetchling (Lathyrus nissolia) | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Rosids |
| Order: | Fabales |
| Family: | Fabaceae |
| Subfamily: | Faboideae |
| Clade: | Inverted repeat-lacking clade |
| Tribe: | Fabeae |
| Genus: | Lathyrus L. (1753), nom. cons.[1] |
| Species[2] | |
|
181; see text | |
| Synonyms[2] | |
| |
Lathyrus /ˈlæθɪrəs/[3] is a genus of flowering plants in the legume family Fabaceae, and contains approximately 160 species. Commonly known as peavines or vetchlings,[1] they are native to temperate areas, with a breakdown of 52 species in Europe, 30 species in North America, 78 in Asia, 24 in tropical East Africa, and 24 in temperate South America.[4] There are annual and perennial species which may be climbing or bushy. This genus has numerous sections, including Orobus, which was once a separate genus.[5] The genus has numerous synonyms, including Pisum, the ancient Latin name for the pea.[6]
Uses
[edit]Several species are grown for food, including the pea (Lathyrus oleraceus), Indian pea (L. sativus), and the red pea (L. cicera), and less commonly cyprus-vetch (L. ochrus) and Spanish vetchling (L. clymenum). The tuberous pea (L. tuberosus) is grown as a root vegetable for its starchy edible tuber. The seeds of some Lathyrus species contain the toxic amino acid oxalyldiaminopropionic acid and if eaten in large quantities can cause lathyrism, a serious disease.[7]
Many species are cultivated as garden plants. The genus includes the garden sweet pea (Lathyrus odoratus) and the perennial everlasting pea (Lathyrus latifolius). Flowers on these cultivated species may be rose, red, maroon, pink, white, yellow, purple or blue, and some are bicolored. They are also grown for their fragrance. Cultivated species are susceptible to fungal infections including downy and powdery mildew.
Species
[edit]
181 species are currently accepted.[2][8]
- Lathyrus acutifolius Vogel
- Lathyrus alamutensis Mozaff., Ahavazi & Charkhch.
- Lathyrus alpestris (Waldst. & Kit.) Kit.
- Lathyrus amphicarpos L.
- Lathyrus angulatus L. – angled pea
- Lathyrus anhuiensis Y.J.Zhu & R.X.Meng
- Lathyrus annuus L. – red fodder pea
- Lathyrus apenninus F.Conti
- Lathyrus aphaca L. – yellow pea
- Lathyrus armenus (Boiss. & A.Huet) Čelak.
- Lathyrus articulatus L.
- Lathyrus atropatanus (Grossh.) Širj.
- Lathyrus aureus (G.Lodd. ex Drapiez) D.Brândză – golden pea
- Lathyrus basalticus Rech.f.
- Lathyrus bauhini P.A.Genty
- Lathyrus belinensis Maxted & Goyder
- Lathyrus berteroanus Colla
- Lathyrus biflorus T.W.Nelson & J.P.Nelson – twoflower pea
- Lathyrus bijugus Boiss. & Noë – drypark pea
- Lathyrus binatus Pančić
- Lathyrus bitlisicus Peşmen & Güner
- Lathyrus blepharicarpos Boiss. – ciliate vetchling
- Lathyrus boissieri Širj.
- Lathyrus brachycalyx Rydb. – Bonneville pea
- Lathyrus brachyodon Murb.
- Lathyrus brachypterus Čelak.
- Lathyrus brownii Eastw.
- Lathyrus cabrerianus Burkart
- Lathyrus campestris Phil.
- Lathyrus cassius Boiss.
- Lathyrus caudatus C.F.Wei & H.P.Tsui
- Lathyrus chloranthus Boiss. & Balansa
- Lathyrus chrysanthus Boiss.
- Lathyrus cicera L. – red pea
- Lathyrus ciliatidentatus Czefr.
- Lathyrus cilicicus Hayek & Siehe
- Lathyrus ciliolatus Sam. ex Rech.f.
- Lathyrus cirpicii Güneş
- Lathyrus cirrhosus Ser.
- Lathyrus clymenum L. – Spanish vetchling
- Lathyrus colchicus Lipsky
- Lathyrus crassipes Gillies ex Hook. & Arn. – arvejilla
- Lathyrus cyaneus (Steven) K.Koch
- Lathyrus czeczottianus Bässler
- Lathyrus davidii Hance
- Lathyrus decaphyllus Pursh – prairie vetchling
- Lathyrus delnorticus C.L.Hitchc. – Del Norte pea
- Lathyrus dielsianus Harms
- Lathyrus digitatus (M.Bieb.) Fiori
- Lathyrus elegans Vogel
- Lathyrus elongatus (Bornm.) Širj.
- Lathyrus emodi (Wall. ex Fritsch) Fritsch ex T.Durand & B.D.Jacks.
- Lathyrus eucosmus Butters & H.St.John – seemly vetchling, bush vetchling
- Lathyrus filiformis (Lam.) J.Gay
- Lathyrus fissus Ball
- Lathyrus formosus (Steven) Kenicer – Vavilovia
- Lathyrus frolovii Fisch. ex Rupr.
- Lathyrus fulvus (Sm.) Kosterin
- Lathyrus glandulosus Broich
- Lathyrus gloeosperma Warb. & Eig
- Lathyrus gmelinii (Fisch. ex Ser.) Fritsch
- Lathyrus golanensis O.Cohen & Plitmann
- Lathyrus gorgoni Parl.
- Lathyrus graminifolius (S.Watson) T.G.White – grassleaf pea
- Lathyrus grandiflorus Sm. – twoflower everlasting pea
- Lathyrus grimesii Barneby – Grimes' pea
- Lathyrus hallersteinii Baumg.
- Lathyrus hasslerianus Burkart
- Lathyrus heterophyllus L. – Norfolk everlasting pea
- Lathyrus hierosolymitanus Boiss.
- Lathyrus hirsutus L. – hairy vetchling
- Lathyrus hirticarpus Mattatia & Heyn
- Lathyrus hitchcockianus Barneby & Reveal – Bullfrog Mountain pea
- Lathyrus holochlorus (Piper) C.L.Hitchc. – thinleaf pea
- Lathyrus hookeri G.Don
- Lathyrus humilis (Ser.) Fisch. ex Spreng.
- Lathyrus hygrophilus Taub.
- Lathyrus inconspicuus L.
- Lathyrus incurvus (Roth) Willd.
- Lathyrus japonicus Willd. – sea pea, beach pea
- Lathyrus jepsonii Greene – delta tule pea
- Lathyrus karsianus P.H.Davis
- Lathyrus ketzkhovelii Avazneli
- Lathyrus komarovii Ohwi
- Lathyrus krylovii Serg.
- Lathyrus laetivirens Greene ex Rydb. – aspen pea
- Lathyrus laevigatus (Waldst. & Kit.) Gren.
- Lathyrus lanszwertii Kellogg – Nevada pea
- Lathyrus lanszwertii var. aridus (Piper) Jeps.
- Lathyrus lanszwertii var. arizonicus (Britton) S.L.Welsh
- Lathyrus lanszwertii var. bijugatus (T.G.White) Broich – drypark pea
- Lathyrus lanszwertii var. lanszwertii
- Lathyrus lanszwertii var. pallescens Barneby
- Lathyrus latifolius L. – everlasting pea, perennial pea
- Lathyrus laxiflorus (Desf.) Kuntze
- Lathyrus lentiformis Plitmann
- Lathyrus leptophyllus M.Bieb.
- Lathyrus libani Fritsch – Lebanon vetchling
- Lathyrus linearifolius Vogel
- Lathyrus linifolius (Reichard) Bässler – bitter vetch, heath pea
- Lathyrus littoralis (Nutt.) Endl. ex Walp. – silky beach pea
- Lathyrus lomanus I.M.Johnst.
- Lathyrus lycicus Boiss. & Heldr.
- Lathyrus macropus Gillies ex Hook. & Arn.
- Lathyrus macrostachys Vogel
- Lathyrus magellanicus Lam.
- Lathyrus marmoratus Boiss. & Balansa
- Lathyrus meridensis Pittier
- Lathyrus miniatus M.Bieb. ex Steven
- Lathyrus mulkak Lipsky
- Lathyrus multiceps Clos
- Lathyrus multijugus (Ledeb.) Czefr.
- Lathyrus nervosus Lam. – Lord Anson's blue pea
- Lathyrus neurolobus Boiss. & Heldr.
- Lathyrus nevadensis S.Watson – Sierra pea
- Lathyrus niger (L.) Bernh. – black pea
- Lathyrus nigrivalvis Burkart
- Lathyrus nissolia L. – grass vetchling
- Lathyrus nitens Vogel
- Lathyrus nivalis Hand.-Mazz.
- Lathyrus numidicus Batt.
- Lathyrus ochroleucus Hook. – cream pea
- Lathyrus ochrus (L.) DC. – Cyprus-vetch
- Lathyrus odoratus L. – sweet pea
- Lathyrus oleraceus Lam. – pea
- Lathyrus pallescens (M.Bieb.) K.Koch
- Lathyrus palustris L. – marsh pea
- Lathyrus pancicii (Jurišić) Adamović
- Lathyrus pannonicus (Jacq.) Garcke
- Lathyrus paraguariensis Hassl.
- Lathyrus paranensis Burkart
- Lathyrus parodii Burkart
- Lathyrus pauciflorus Fernald – fewflower pea
- Lathyrus pisiformis L.
- Lathyrus polyphyllus Nutt. – leafy pea
- Lathyrus pratensis L. – meadow vetchling
- Lathyrus pseudocicera Pamp.
- Lathyrus pubescens Hook. & Arn.
- Lathyrus pusillus Elliott – tiny pea, singletary vetchling
- Lathyrus pygmaeus Gomb.
- Lathyrus quinquenervius (Miq.) Litv.
- Lathyrus rigidus T.G.White – stiff pea
- Lathyrus roseus Small
- Lathyrus rotundifolius Willd.
- Lathyrus satdaghensis P.H.Davis
- Lathyrus sativus L. – Indian pea, white pea, chickling vetch
- Lathyrus saxatilis (Vent.) Vis.
- Lathyrus sericeus Lam.
- Lathyrus setifolius L.
- Lathyrus spathulatus Čelak.
- Lathyrus speciosus G.Don
- Lathyrus sphaericus Retz. – grass pea
- Lathyrus splendens Kellogg – pride of California
- Lathyrus stenolobus Boiss.
- Lathyrus stenophyllus Boiss. & Heldr.
- Lathyrus subandinus Phil.
- Lathyrus subulatus Lam.
- Lathyrus sulphureus W.H.Brewer ex A.Gray – snub pea
- Lathyrus sylvestris L. – flat pea
- Lathyrus tauricola P.H.Davis
- Lathyrus tefennicus Genç & Sahin
- Lathyrus tingitanus L. – Tangier pea
- Lathyrus torreyi A.Gray – Torrey's peavine
- Lathyrus × tournefortii (Lapeyr.) A.W.Hill
- Lathyrus trachycarpus (Boiss.) Boiss.
- Lathyrus tracyi Bradshaw
- Lathyrus transsylvanicus (Spreng.) Rchb.f.
- Lathyrus tremolsianus Pau
- Lathyrus tropicalandinus Burkart
- Lathyrus tuberosus L. – tuberous pea
- Lathyrus tukhtensis Czeczott
- Lathyrus undulatus Boiss. – wavy pea
- Lathyrus vaniotii H.Lév. – Korean mountain vetchling[9]
- Lathyrus venetus (Mill.) Wohlf.
- Lathyrus venosus Muhl. ex Willd. – veiny pea, bushy vetchling
- Lathyrus vernus (L.) Bernh. – spring pea
- Lathyrus vestitus Nutt. – Pacific pea
- Lathyrus vinealis Boiss. & Noë
- Lathyrus vivantii P.Monts.
- Lathyrus whitei Kupicha
- Lathyrus woronowii Bornm.
- Lathyrus zalaghensis Andr.
Ecology
[edit]Lathyrus species are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species, including the grey chi (Antitype chi) and the latticed heath (Chiasmia clathrata), both recorded on meadow vetchling (Lathyrus pratensis), and Chionodes braunella. Lathyrus growth abundance and size both decrease in response to increased temperatures in montane meadows.[10]
Notes
[edit]- ^ a b "genus Lathyrus". Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN) online database. Retrieved 10 March 2017.
- ^ a b c Lathyrus L. Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 9 August 2023.
- ^ Sunset Western Garden Book, 1995:606–607
- ^ Asmussen, C. B; A. Liston. (March 1998). "Chloroplast DNA characters, phylogeny, and classification of Lathyrus (Fabaceae)". American Journal of Botany. 85 (3): 387–401. doi:10.2307/2446332. JSTOR 2446332. PMID 21684923.
- ^ Fred, Edwin Broun; Baldwin, Ira Lawrence; McCoy, Elizabeth (1932). Root Nodule Bacteria and Leguminous Plants. UW-Madison Libraries Parallel Press. p. 142. ISBN 978-1-893311-28-2.
- ^ Gledhill, David (2008). "The Names of Plants". Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521866453 (hardback), ISBN 9780521685535 (paperback). pp 304
- ^ Barrow, M. V.; et al. (1974). "Lathyrism: A Review". The Quarterly Review of Biology. 49 (2): 101–128. doi:10.1086/408017. JSTOR 2820941. PMID 4601279. S2CID 33451792.
- ^ GRIN Species Records of Lathyrus. Archived 2008-10-14 at the Wayback Machine Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN).
- ^ English Names for Korean Native Plants (PDF). Pocheon: Korea National Arboretum. 2015. p. 511. ISBN 978-89-97450-98-5. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 May 2017. Retrieved 22 December 2016 – via Korea Forest Service.
- ^ de Valpine, Perry; Harte, John (1 March 2001). "Plant Responses to Experimental Warming in a Montane Meadow". Ecology. 82 (3): 637–648. doi:10.1890/0012-9658(2001)082[0637:PRTEWI]2.0.CO;2.
External links
[edit]
Media related to Lathyrus at Wikimedia Commons- Calflora Database: Lathyrus species index
- Jepson Flora Project: Key to Lathyrus
