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The '''Indriidae''' (sometimes incorrectly spelled '''Indridae'''<ref name="ICZN">{{cite web | title = Official Lists and Indexes of Names in Zoology | publisher = [[International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature]] | page = 132 | url = http://www.iczn.org/listes_indexes_names_1986_2006.pdf | accessdate = 14 January 2010}} {{Dead link|date=September 2010|bot=H3llBot}}</ref>) are a family of [[strepsirrhine]] [[primate]]s. They are medium to large sized [[lemur]]s with only four teeth in the toothcomb instead of the usual six. '''Indriids''', like all lemurs, live exclusively on the island of [[Madagascar]].
The '''Indriidae''' (sometimes incorrectly spelled '''Indridae'''<ref name="ICZN">{{cite web | title = Official Lists and Indexes of Names in Zoology | publisher = [[International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature]] | page = 132 | url = http://www.iczn.org/listes_indexes_names_1986_2006.pdf | accessdate = 14 January 2010}} {{Dead link|date=September 2010|bot=H3llBot}}</ref>) are a family of [[strepsirrhine]] [[primate]]s. They are medium- to large-sized [[lemur]]s, with only four teeth in the toothcomb instead of the usual six. '''Indriids''', like all lemurs, live exclusively on the island of [[Madagascar]].


==Characteristics==
==Characteristics==
The ten extant indrid species vary considerably in size. Not counting the length of their tails, the [[woolly lemur|avahis]] are only {{convert|30|cm|in}} in length, while the [[Indri]] is the largest extant strepsirrhine. The tail of the Indri is only a stub, while avahi and the [[sifaka]] tails are as long as their bodies. Their fur is long and mostly from whitish over reddish up to grey. Their black faces, however, are always bald. The hind legs are longer than their fore limbs, their hands are long and thin, and their thumb cannot be opposed to the other fingers correctly.
The 10 extant indrid species vary considerably in size. Not counting the length of their tails, the [[woolly lemur|avahis]] are only {{convert|30|cm|in|abbr=on}} in length, while the [[indri]] is the largest extant strepsirrhine. The tail of the indri is only a stub, while avahi and the [[sifaka]] tails are as long as their bodies. Their fur is long and mostly from whitish over reddish up to grey. Their black faces, however, are always bald. The hind legs are longer than their fore limbs, their hands are long and thin, and their thumbs cannot be opposed to the other fingers correctly.


All species are [[arboreal]], though they do come to the ground occasionally. When on the ground, they stand upright and move with short hops forward, with their arms held high. In the trees, though, they can make extraordinary leaps and are extremely agile, able to change direction from tree to tree. Like most leaf eaters they adjust for the low nutrient content of their food by long rests. Often they can be seen lying stretched on trees sunning themselves. Indrids live together in family federations from two to 15 animals, communicating with roars and also with facial expressions.
All species are [[arboreal]], though they do come to the ground occasionally. When on the ground, they stand upright and move with short hops forward, with their arms held high. In the trees, though, they can make extraordinary leaps and are extremely agile, able to change direction from tree to tree. Like most leaf eaters, they adjust for the low nutrient content of their food by long rests. Often, they can be seen lying stretched on trees sunning themselves. Indrids live together in family federations of two to 15 animals, communicating with roars and also with facial expressions.


Indrids are [[herbivore]]s, eating mostly leaves, fruits and flowers. Like some other herbivores, they have a large [[cecum]], containing [[bacteria]] that ferment cellulose, allowing for more efficient [[digestion]] of plant matter.<ref name=EoM>{{cite book |editor=Macdonald, D.|author= Pollock, J.I.|year=1984 |title= The Encyclopedia of Mammals|publisher= Facts on File|location=New York|pages= 327–329|isbn= 0-87196-871-1}}</ref> They have fewer [[premolar]] teeth than other lemurs, with the [[dentition|dental formula]] of: {{DentalFormula|upper=2.1.2.3|lower=2.1.2.3}}
Indrids are [[herbivore]]s, eating mostly leaves, fruits, and flowers. Like some other herbivores, they have a large [[cecum]], containing [[bacteria]] that ferment cellulose, allowing for more efficient [[digestion]] of plant matter.<ref name=EoM>{{cite book |editor=Macdonald, D.|author= Pollock, J.I.|year=1984 |title= The Encyclopedia of Mammals|publisher= Facts on File|location=New York|pages= 327–329|isbn= 0-87196-871-1}}</ref> They have fewer [[premolar]] teeth than other lemurs, with the [[dentition|dental formula]] of: {{DentalFormula|upper=2.1.2.3|lower=2.1.2.3}}


Females and males usually mate monogamously for many years. Mostly at the end of the dry season, their four to five-month gestation ends with the birth of a single offspring, which lives in the family for a while after its weaning (at the age of five to six months).
Females and males usually mate monogamously for many years. Mostly at the end of the dry season, their four- to five-month gestation ends with the birth of a single offspring, which lives in the family for a while after its weaning (at the age of five to six months).


==Classification==
==Classification==
{{Main|List of lemur species}}
{{Main|List of lemur species}}


There are 19 living species in the family, divided into 3 [[genus|genera]].<ref name=msw3/><ref>{{cite journal|author=Mittermeier, R. A. ''et al.''|year=2008|title=Lemur Diversity in Madagascar|journal=International Journal of Primatology|volume=29|issue=6|pages=1607–1656|doi=10.1007/s10764-008-9317-y}}</ref>
The 19 living species in the family are divided into three [[genus|genera]].<ref name=msw3/><ref>{{cite journal|author=Mittermeier, R. A. ''et al.''|year=2008|title=Lemur Diversity in Madagascar|journal=International Journal of Primatology|volume=29|issue=6|pages=1607–1656|doi=10.1007/s10764-008-9317-y}}</ref>


'''Family Indriidae'''
'''Family Indriidae'''

Revision as of 22:27, 17 July 2015

Indriidae
Indri (Indri indri)
CITES Appendix I (CITES)[2]
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Primates
Suborder: Strepsirrhini
Superfamily: Lemuroidea
Family: Indriidae
Burnett, 1828[1]
Type genus
Indri
Genera
Synonyms[3]
  • Lichanotina Gray, 1825
  • Indrisina Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1851
  • Indrisidae Alston, 1878
  • Indrisinae Mivart, 1864
  • Indriidae Hill, 1953
  • Indriinae Hill, 1953
  • Propitheci Winge, 1895
  • Propithecinae Trouessart, 1897

The Indriidae (sometimes incorrectly spelled Indridae[4]) are a family of strepsirrhine primates. They are medium- to large-sized lemurs, with only four teeth in the toothcomb instead of the usual six. Indriids, like all lemurs, live exclusively on the island of Madagascar.

Characteristics

The 10 extant indrid species vary considerably in size. Not counting the length of their tails, the avahis are only 30 cm (12 in) in length, while the indri is the largest extant strepsirrhine. The tail of the indri is only a stub, while avahi and the sifaka tails are as long as their bodies. Their fur is long and mostly from whitish over reddish up to grey. Their black faces, however, are always bald. The hind legs are longer than their fore limbs, their hands are long and thin, and their thumbs cannot be opposed to the other fingers correctly.

All species are arboreal, though they do come to the ground occasionally. When on the ground, they stand upright and move with short hops forward, with their arms held high. In the trees, though, they can make extraordinary leaps and are extremely agile, able to change direction from tree to tree. Like most leaf eaters, they adjust for the low nutrient content of their food by long rests. Often, they can be seen lying stretched on trees sunning themselves. Indrids live together in family federations of two to 15 animals, communicating with roars and also with facial expressions.

Indrids are herbivores, eating mostly leaves, fruits, and flowers. Like some other herbivores, they have a large cecum, containing bacteria that ferment cellulose, allowing for more efficient digestion of plant matter.[5] They have fewer premolar teeth than other lemurs, with the dental formula of: 2.1.2.32.1.2.3

Females and males usually mate monogamously for many years. Mostly at the end of the dry season, their four- to five-month gestation ends with the birth of a single offspring, which lives in the family for a while after its weaning (at the age of five to six months).

Classification

Main article: List of lemur species

The 19 living species in the family are divided into three genera.[1][6]

Family Indriidae

See also

References

Wikispecies has information related to Indriidae.
  1. ^ a b Groves, C. P. (2005). Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 119–121. ISBN 0-801-88221-4. OCLC 62265494.
  2. ^ "Checklist of CITES Species". CITES. UNEP-WCMC. Retrieved 18 March 2015.
  3. ^ McKenna, MC; Bell, SK (1997). Classification of Mammals: Above the Species Level. Columbia University Press. p. 336. ISBN 0-231-11013-8.
  4. ^ "Official Lists and Indexes of Names in Zoology" (PDF). International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature. p. 132. Retrieved 14 January 2010. [dead link]
  5. ^ Pollock, J.I. (1984). Macdonald, D. (ed.). The Encyclopedia of Mammals. New York: Facts on File. pp. 327–329. ISBN 0-87196-871-1.
  6. ^ Mittermeier, R. A.; et al. (2008). "Lemur Diversity in Madagascar". International Journal of Primatology. 29 (6): 1607–1656. doi:10.1007/s10764-008-9317-y. {{cite journal}}: Explicit use of et al. in: |author= (help)
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